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<title>bioRxiv Channel: University of Kansas</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org</link>
<description>
This feed contains articles for bioRxiv Channel "University of Kansas"
</description>

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<prism:publicationName>bioRxiv</prism:publicationName>
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<title>bioRxiv</title>
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<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When genomes collide: multiple modes of germline misregulation in a dysgenic syndrome of Drosophila virilis 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In sexually reproducing species the union of gametes that are not closely related can result in genomic incompatibility. Hybrid dysgenic syndromes represent a form of genomic incompatibility that can arise when transposable element (TE) abundance differs between two parents. When TEs lacking in the female parent are transmitted paternally, a lack of corresponding silencing small RNAs (piRNAs) transmitted through the female germline can lead to TE mobilization in progeny. The epigenetic nature of this phenomenon is demonstrated by the fact that genetically identical females of the reciprocal cross are normal. Here we show that in the hybrid dysgenic syndrome of Drosophila virilis, an excess of paternally inherited TE families leads not only to increased expression of these TEs, but also coincides with derepression of TEs in equal abundance within parents. Moreover, TE derepression is stable as flies age and associated with piRNA biogenesis defects for only some TEs. At the same time, TE activation is associated with a genome wide shift in the distribution of endogenous gene expression and an increase in abundance of off-target genic piRNAs. To identify regions of the maternal genome that most protect against dysgenesis, we performed an F3 backcross analysis. We find that pericentric regions play a dominant role in maternal protection. This F3 backcross approach additionally allowed us to clarify the properties of genic paramutation in D. virilis. Overall, results support a model in which early germline events in dysgenesis establish a chronic, stable state of mis-expression that is maintained through adulthood.nnSuch early events in the germline that are mediated by parent-of-origin effects may be important in determining patterns of gene expression in natural populations.nnAuthor SummaryTransposable elements (TE) are selfish elements that code for the function of copying themselves. More than half the human genome is comprised of such elements. Studies in the fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster and D. virilis have been important in demonstrating a role for RNA silencing by piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in protecting the genome against these harmful elements. These small RNAs are capable of recognizing TE mRNAs and mediating their destruction by Argonaute proteins. They are also transmitted by the female germline to offspring in order to maintain a stable genome across generations. When males carrying a particular TE family are crossed with females lacking the element, the mother is unable to provide genome defense via complementary piRNAs that target the element. This leads to excess TE activation in the germline and sterility. This phenomenon is known as hybrid dysgenesis. In this article we characterize the genomic landscape of TE destabilization that occurs in hybrid dysgenesis in D. virilis. Previous studies had demonstrated that multiple TEs mobilized during hybrid dysgenesis. We demonstrate that this mobilization of multiple TEs is associated with activation of additional TEs in the germline. In addition, we find that TE activation leads to the production of off-target genic piRNAs that cause reduced expression of highly expressed genes. Finally, we show that genic off-target effects of piRNA silencing can contribute to parent-of-origin effects on gene expression. Similar phenomena may influence patterns of gene expression in the germline of natural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mauricio A. Galdos</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandra A. Erwin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michelle L. Wickersheim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chris C. Harrison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendra D. Marr</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin Blumenstiel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When genomes collide: multiple modes of germline misregulation in a dysgenic syndrome of Drosophila virilis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pollen feeding proteomics: salivary proteins of the passion flower butterfly, Heliconius melpomene 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While most adult Lepidoptera use flower nectar as their primary food source, butterflies in the genus Heliconius have evolved the novel ability to acquire amino acids from consuming pollen. Heliconius butterflies collect pollen on their proboscis, moisten the pollen with saliva, and use a combination of mechanical disruption and chemical degradation to release free amino acids that are subsequently re-ingested in the saliva. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of this complex pollen feeding adaptation. Here we report an initial shotgun proteomic analysis of saliva from Heliconius melpomene. Results from liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry confidently identified 31 salivary proteins, most of which contained predicted signal peptides, consistent with extracellular secretion. Further bioinformatic annotation of these salivary proteins indicated the presence of four distinct functional classes: proteolysis (10 proteins), carbohydrate hydrolysis (5), immunity (6), and "housekeeping"(4). Additionally, six proteins could not be functionally annotated beyond containing a predicted signal sequence. The presence of several salivary proteases is consistent with previous demonstrations that Heliconius saliva has proteolytic capacity. It is likely these proteins play a key role in generating free amino acids during pollen digestion. The identification of proteins functioning in carbohydrate hydrolysis is consistent with Heliconius butterflies consuming nectar, like other lepidopterans, as well as pollen. Immune-related proteins in saliva are also expected, given that ingestion of pathogens is a very likely route to infection. The few "housekeeping" proteins are likely not true salivary proteins and reflect a modest level of contamination that occurred during saliva collection. Among the unannotated proteins were two sets of paralogs, each seemingly the result of a relatively recent tandem duplication. These results offer a first glimpse into the molecular foundation of Heliconius pollen feeding and provide a substantial advance towards comprehensively understanding this striking evolutionary novelty.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desiree Harpel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darron A Cullen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swidbert Ott</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chris D Jiggins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James R Walters</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/013128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pollen feeding proteomics: salivary proteins of the passion flower butterfly, Heliconius melpomene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylesystem: a git-based data store for community curated phylogenetic estimates 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/013862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1 MotivationPhylogenetic estimates from published studies can be archived using general platforms like Dryad (Vision, 2010) or TreeBASE (Sanderson et al., 1994). Such services fulfill a crucial role in ensuring transparency and reproducibility in phylogenetic research. However, digital tree data files often require some editing (e.g. rerooting) to improve the accuracy and reusability of the phylogenetic statements. Furthermore, establishing the mapping between tip labels used in a tree and taxa in a single common taxonomy dramatically improves the ability of other researchers to reuse phylogenetic estimates. Because the process of curating a published phylogenetic estimate is not error-free, retaining a full record of the provenance of edits to a tree is crucial for openness, allowing editors to receive credit for their work, and making errors introduced during curation easier to correct.nn2 ResultsHere we report the development of software infrastructure to support the open curation of phylogenetic data by the community of biologists. The backend of the system provides an interface for the standard database operations of creating, reading, updating, and deleting records by making commits to a git repository. The record of the history of edits to a tree is preserved by gits version control features. Hosting this data store on GitHub (2014) provides open access to the data store using tools familiar to many developers. We have deployed a server running the "phylesystem-api", which wraps the interactions with git and GitHub. The Open Tree of Life project has also developed and deployed a JavaScript application that uses the phylesystem-api and other web services to enable input and curation of published phylogenetic statements.nn3 AvailabilitySource code for the web service layer is available at https://github.com/OpenTreeOfLife/phylesystem-api. The data store can be cloned from: https://github.com/OpenTreeOfLife/phylesystem. A web application that uses the phylesystem web services is deployed at https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/curator. Code for that tool is available from https://github.com/OpenTreeOfLife/opentreenn4 Contactmtholder@gmail.com
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emily Jane B. McTavish</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cody E. Hinchliff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James F. Allman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph W. Brown</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karen A. Cranston</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark T. Holder</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan A. Rees</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen A. Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/013862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylesystem: a git-based data store for community curated phylogenetic estimates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex chromosome dosage compensation in Heliconius butterflies: global yet still incomplete? 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/016675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of heterogametic sex chromosome is often - but not always - accompanied by the evolution of dosage compensating mechanisms that mitigate the impact of sex-specific gene dosage on levels of gene expression. One emerging view of this process is that such mechanisms may only evolve in male-heterogametic (XY) species but not in female-heterogametic (ZW) species, which will consequently exhibit "incomplete" sex chromosome dosage compensation. However, recent results suggest that at least some Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) may prove to be an exception to this prediction. Studies in bombycoid moths indicate the presence of a chromosome-wide epigenetic mechanism that effectively balances Z chromosome gene expression between the sexes by reducing Z-linked expression in males. In contrast, strong sex chromosome dosage effects without any reduction in male Z-linked expression were previously reported in a pyralid moth, suggesting a lack of any such dosage compensating mechanism. Here we report an analysis of sex chromosome dosage compensation in Heliconius butterflies, sampling multiple individuals for several different adult tissues (head, abdomen, leg, mouth, and antennae). Methodologically, we introduce a novel application of linear mixed-effects models to assess dosage compensation, offering a unified statistical framework that can estimate effects specific to chromosome, to sex, and their interactions (i.e., a dosage effect). Our results show substantially reduced Z-linked expression relative to autosomes in both sexes, as previously observed in bombycoid moths. This observation is consistent with an increasing body of evidence that some lepidopteran species possess an epigenetic dosage compensating mechanism that reduces Z chromosome expression in males to levels comparable with females. However, this mechanism appears to be imperfect in Heliconius, resulting in a modest dosage effect that produces an average 5-20% increase in male expression relative to females on the Z chromosome, depending on the tissue. Thus our results in Heliconius reflect a mixture of previous patterns reported for Lepidoptera. In Heliconius, a moderate pattern of "incomplete" dosage compensation persists apparently despite the presence of an epigenetic dosage compensating mechanism. The chromosomal distributions of sex-biased genes show an excess of male-biased and a dearth of female-biased genes on the Z chromosome relative to autosomes, consistent with predictions of sexually antagonistic evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James R Walters</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas J Hardcastle</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chris Jiggins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/016675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex chromosome dosage compensation in Heliconius butterflies: global yet still incomplete?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomic analyses support traditional relationships within Cnidaria 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/017632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cnidaria, the sister group to Bilateria, is a highly diverse group of animals in terms of morphology, lifecycles, ecology, and development. How this diversity originated and evolved is not well understood because phylogenetic relationships among major cnidarian lineages are unclear, and recent studies present contrasting phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we use transcriptome data from 15 newly-sequenced species in combination with 26 publicly available genomes and transcriptomes to assess phylogenetic relationships among major cnidarian lineages. Phylogenetic analyses using different partition schemes and models of molecular evolution, as well as topology tests for alternative phylogenetic relationships, support the monophyly of Medusozoa, Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Hydrozoa, and a clade consisting of Staurozoa, Cubozoa, and Scyphozoa. Support for the monophyly of Hexacorallia is weak due to the equivocal position of Ceriantharia. Taken together, these results further resolve deep cnidarian relationships, largely support traditional phylogenetic views on relationships, and provide a historical framework for studying the evolutionary processes involved in one of the most ancient animal radiations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Felipe Zapata</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freya E Goetz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen A Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark Howison</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefan Siebert</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samuel Church</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven M Sanders</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheryl Lewis Ames</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catherine S McFadden</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott C France</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marymegan Daly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen G Collins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven HD Haddock</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey Dunn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulyn Cartwright</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/017632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomic analyses support traditional relationships within Cnidaria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Slco1a6 as a candidate gene that broadly affects gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We surveyed gene expression in six tissues in an F2 intercross between mouse strains C57BL/6J (abbreviated B6) and BTBR T+ tf /J (abbreviated BTBR) made genetically obese with the Leptin(ob) mutation. We identified a number of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) affecting the expression of numerous genes distal to the locus, called trans-eQTL hotspots. Some of these trans-eQTL hotspots showed effects in multiple tissues, whereas some were specific to a single tissue. An unusually large number of transcripts (7% of genes) mapped in trans to a hotspot on chromosome 6, specifically in pancreatic islets. By considering the first two principal components of the expression of genes mapping to this region, we were able to convert the multivariate phenotype into a simple Mendelian trait. Fine-mapping the locus by traditional methods reduced the QTL interval to a 298 kb region containing only three genes, including Slco1a6, one member of a large family of organic anion transporters. Direct genomic sequencing of all Slco1a6 exons identified a non-synonymous coding SNP that converts a highly conserved proline residue at amino acid position 564 to serine. Molecular modeling suggests that Pro564 faces an aqueous pore within this 12-transmembrane domain-spanning protein. When transiently overexpressed in HEK293 cells, BTBR OATP1A6-mediated cellular uptake of the bile acid taurocholic acid (TCA) was enhanced compared to B6 OATP1A6. Our results suggest that genetic variation in Slco1a6 leads to altered transport of TCA (and potentially other bile acids) by pancreatic islets, resulting in broad gene regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jianan Tian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark P. Keller</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angie T. Oler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mary E. Rabaglia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kathryn L. Schueler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donald S. Stapleton</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aimee Teo Broman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christina Kendziorski</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian S. Yandell</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruno Hagenbuch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl W Broman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alan D. Attie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/020974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Slco1a6 as a candidate gene that broadly affects gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans ephrin EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously with heparan sulfate proteoglycans to promote axon outgrowth and branching 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/022756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Eph receptors and their cognate ephrin ligands play key roles in many aspects of nervous system development. These interactions typically occur within an individual tissue type, serving either to guide axons to their terminal targets or to define boundaries between the rhombomeres of the hindbrain. We have identified a novel role for the Caenorhabditis elegans ephrin EFN-4 in promoting primary neurite outgrowth in AIY interneurons and D-class motor neurons. Rescue experiments reveal that EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the epidermis to promote primary neurite outgrowth. We also find that EFN-4 plays a role in promoting ectopic axon branching in a C. elegans model of X-linked Kallmann syndrome. In this context, EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously in the body wall muscle, and in parallel with HS biosynthesis genes and HSPG core proteins, which function cell autonomously in the AIY neurons. This is the first report of an epidermal ephrin providing a developmental cue to the nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alicia A Schwieterman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alyse N Steves</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian Yee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cory J Donelson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aaron Pital</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor Voyles</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin M Howard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danielle E Ereddia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsie S Effrein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan L McMurry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian D Ackley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew D Chisholm</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin L Hudson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/022756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans ephrin EFN-4 functions non-cell autonomously with heparan sulfate proteoglycans to promote axon outgrowth and branching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic relationships of the Helmeted Woodpecker (Dryocopus galeatus): A case of interspecific mimicry? 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/023663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Examples of phenotypic convergence in plumage coloration have been reported in a wide diversity of avian taxonomic groups, yet the underlying evolutionary mechanisms driving this phenomenon have received little scientific inquiry. Herein, we document a striking new case of plumage convergence in the Helmeted Woodpecker (Dryocopus galeatus) and explore the possibility of visual mimicry among Atlantic Forest woodpeckers. Our multi-locus phylogenetic analyses unequivocally place D. galeatus within Celeus, indicating the former has subsequently converged in appearance upon the distantly related and syntopic Dryocopus lineatus, to which it bears a remarkable resemblance in plumage coloration and pattern. Although details of the Helmeted Woodpeckers ecology and natural history are only now beginning to emerge, its smaller size and submissive behavior are consistent with predictions derived from evolutionary game theory models and the interspecific social dominance mimicry hypothesis (ISDM). Moreover, estimates of avian visual acuity suggest that size-related mimetic deception is plausible at distances ecologically relevant to Celeus and Dryocopus foraging behavior. In light of our results, we recommend taxonomic transfer of D. galeatus to Celeus and emphasize the need for detailed behavioral studies that examine the social costs and benefits of plumage convergence to explicitly test for ISDM and other forms of mimicry in these Atlantic Forest woodpecker communities. Future field studies examining potential cases of competitive mimicry should also take into account the mimics acoustic behavior, particularly in the presence of putative model species and other heterospecific competitors, as any discontinuity between morphological and behavioral mimicry would likely preclude the possibility of deception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brett W. Benz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mark B. Robbins</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kevin J. Zimmer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/023663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic relationships of the Helmeted Woodpecker (Dryocopus galeatus): A case of interspecific mimicry?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/028670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A segregating inversion generates fitness variation in a yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) population 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/028670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements, which can bind together hundreds of genes into single genetic loci with diverse effects, are increasingly associated with local adaptation and speciation. They may also be an important component of genetic variation within populations. We genetically and phenotypically characterized a novel segregating inversion (inv6) in the Iron Mountain (IM) population of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). We first identified a region of recombination suppression in three F2 mapping populations resulting from crosses among IM plants; in each case, the F1 hybrid parent was heterozygous for a homogenous derived haplotype (inv6) across markers spanning over 4.2 Mb of Linkage Group 6. Genotype-phenotype associations in the three F2 populations demonstrated negative inv6 effects on male and female fitness components. In addition, inv6 carriers suffered a ~30% loss of pollen viability in the field. Despite these costs, inv6 exists at moderate and apparently stable frequency (~7%) in the natural population, suggesting counter-balancing fitness benefits that maintain the polymorphism. Across four years of monitoring in the field, inv6 had an overall significant positive effect on the seed production (lifetime female fitness) of carriers. This benefit was particularly strong in harsh years and may be mediated (in part) by strong positive inv6 effects on flower production. These data suggest that opposing fitness effects maintain an intermediate frequency, and as a consequence, inv6 generates inbreeding depression and high genetic variance. We discuss these findings in the context of theory about the genetic basis of inbreeding depression and the role for chromosomal rearrangements in population divergence with gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>John Kelly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John Willis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young Wha Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lila Fishman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/028670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A segregating inversion generates fitness variation in a yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive cross-population analysis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer supports no more than three subtypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThree to four gene expression-based subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) have been previously reported. We sought to systematically determine the similarity of HGSC subtypes between populations.nnMethodsWe independently clustered (k = 3 and k = 4) five publicly-available HGSC mRNA expression datasets with >130 tumors using k-means and non-negative matrix factorization. Within each population, we summarized differential expression patterns for each cluster as moderated t statistic vectors using Significance Analysis of Microarrays. We calculated Pearsons correlations of these vectors to determine similarities and differences in expression patterns between clusters. We defined syn-clusters (SC) as sets of clusters that were strongly correlated across populations, and associated their expression patterns with biological pathways using geneset overrepresentation analyses.nnResultsAcross populations, for k = 3, moderated t score correlations for clusters 1, 2 and 3, respectively, ranged between 0.77-0.85, 0.80-0.90, and 0.65-0.77. For k = 4, correlations for clusters 1-4, respectively, ranged between 0.77-0.85, 0.83-0.89, 0.51-0.76, and 0.61-0.75. Within populations, comparing analogous clusters (k = 3 versus k = 4), correlations were high for clusters 1 and 2 (0.91-1.00), but were lower for cluster 3 (0.22-0.80). Results are similar using non-negative matrix factorization. SC1 corresponds to previously-reported mesenchymal-like, SC2 to proliferative-like, SC3 to immunoreactive-like, and SC4 to differentiated-like subtypes.nnConclusionsThe mesenchymal-like and proliferative-like subtypes are remarkably consistent across populations and could be uniquely targeted for treatment. The other two previously described subtypes are considerably less robust, and since cross-population comparison reveals that k = 3 and k = 4 are both consistent with our results, they may not represent clear subtypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gregory P Way</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Rudd</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habib Hamidi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooke L Fridley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottfried Konecny</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellen L Goode</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casey S Greene</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jennifer A Doherty</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive cross-population analysis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer supports no more than three subtypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent patterns of sex chromosome dosage compensation between lepidopteran species (WZ/ZZ) and eutherian mammals (XX/XY): insights from a moth neo-Z chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/030767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In contrast to XX/XY species, Z-linked expression is overall reduced in female WZ/ZZ species compared to males or the autosomal expression. This pattern (Z<ZZ{approx}AA) has been consistently reported in all the WZ/ZZ taxa examined so far, with the singular exception of the insect order of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). However, conflicting results linger in this taxon due to discrepancies in data analyses and tissues sampled. To address this issue, we analyzed dosage compensation in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Tortricidae) using tissues that represent different levels of sexual divergence. C. pomonella is the most basal lepidopteran species yet examined for dosage compensation and has a neo-Z chromosome resulting from an ancient Z:autosome translocation. We based our analyses on RNAseq and de novo transcriptome data from C. pomonella, as well as scrutiny into investigations of other lepidopteran species. Our evidence supports that the lepidopterans share a pattern (Z {approx} ZZ < AA) of dosage compensation that mirrors the eutherian mammals (X {approx} XX < AA). In particular, reproductive tissues appear to be exempt from dosage compensation, which helps explain the incongruence in prior reports. Furthermore, C. pomonella ancestral-Z segment exhibited a greater expression reduction than genes on the neo-Z segment, which intriguingly also reflects the differential up-regulation between the ancestral and newly-acquired X-linked genes in mammals. The insect order of Lepidoptera challenges both the classic theories regarding evolution of sex chromosome dosage compensation and the emerging view on dosage compensations association with sexual heterogamety.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liuqi Gu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Walters</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas Knipple</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/030767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent patterns of sex chromosome dosage compensation between lepidopteran species (WZ/ZZ) and eutherian mammals (XX/XY): insights from a moth neo-Z chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome sequencing of 56 Mimulus individuals illustrates population structure and local selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Across western North America, Mimulus guttatus exists as many local populations adapted to site-specific challenges including salt spray, temperature, water availability, and soil chemistry. Gene flow between locally adapted populations will effect genetic diversity in both local demes and across the larger meta-population. A single population of annual M. guttatus from Iron Mountain, Oregon (IM) has been extensively studied and we here building off this research by analyzing whole genome sequences from 34 inbred lines from IM in conjunction with sequences from 22 Mimulus individuals from across the geographic range. Three striking features of these data address hypotheses about migration and selection in a locally adapted population. First, we find very high intra-population polymorphism (synonymous {pi} = 0.033). Variation outside genes may be even higher, but is difficult to estimate because excessive divergence affects read mapping. Second, IM exhibits a significantly positive genome-wide average for Tajimas D. This indicates allele frequencies are typically more intermediate than expected from neutrality, opposite the pattern observed in other species. Third, IM exhibits a distinctive haplotype structure. There is a genome-wide excess of positive associations between minor alleles; consistent with an important effect of gene flow from nearby Mimulus populations. The combination of multiple data types, including a novel, tree-based analytic method and estimates for structural polymorphism (inversions) from previous genetic mapping studies, illustrates how the balance of strong local selection, limited dispersal, and meta-population dynamics manifests across the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joshua Robert Puzey</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John H Willis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John K Kelly</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/031575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome sequencing of 56 Mimulus individuals illustrates population structure and local selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neo-sex chromosome in the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/036483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We report the discovery of a neo-sex chromosome in Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, and several of its close relatives. Z-linked scaffolds in the D. plexippus genome assembly were identified via sex-specific differences in Illumina sequencing coverage. Additionally, a majority of the D. plexippus genome assembly was assigned to chromosomes based on counts of 1-to-1 orthologs relative to the butterfly Melitaea cinxia (with replication using two other lepidopteran species), in which genome scaffolds have been mapped to linkage groups. Sequencing-coverage based assessments of Z-linkage combined with homology based chromosomal assignments provided strong evidence for a Z-autosome fusion in the Danaus lineage, involving the autosome homologous to chromosome 21 in M. cinxia. Coverage analysis also identified three notable assembly errors resulting in chimeric Z-autosome scaffolds. Cytogenetic analysis further revealed a large W-chromosome that is partially euchromatic, consistent with being a neo-W chromosome. The discovery of a neo-Z and the provisional assignment of chromosome linkage for >90% of D. plexippus genes lays the foundation for novel insights concerning sex chromosome evolution in this female-heterogametic model species for functional and evolutionary genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>James Walters</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew J Mongue</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/036483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neo-sex chromosome in the Monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/037655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TreeToReads - a pipeline for simulating raw reads from phylogenies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/037655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using genome-wide SNP-based methods for tracking pathogens has become standard practice in academia and public health agencies. There are multiple computational approaches available that perform a similar task: call variants by mapping short read data against a reference genome, quality filter these variants, then concatenate the variants into a sequence matrix for downstream phylogenetic analysis. However, there are no existing methods to validate the accuracy of these approaches despite the fact that we know there are parameters that can affect whether a SNP is called, or the correct tree is recovered. We present a simulation approach (TreeToReads) to generate raw read data from mutated genomes simulated under a known phylogeny. The user can vary parameters of interest at each step in the simulation (e.g., topology, model of sequence evolution, and read coverage) to assess the robustness of a given result, which is critical within both research and applied settings. Source code, examples, and a tutorial are available at https://github.com/snacktavish/TreeToReads.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emily Jane McTavish</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Pettengill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steven Davis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hugh Rand</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Errol Strain</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marc Allard</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruth E Timme</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/037655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TreeToReads - a pipeline for simulating raw reads from phylogenies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zika Virus: Endemic Versus Epidemic Dynamics and Implications for Disease Spread in the Americas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/041897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since being introduced into Brazil in 2014, Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread explosively across Central and South America. Although the symptoms of ZIKV are generally mild, recent evidence suggests a relationship between prenatal exposure to ZIKV and microcephaly. This has led to widespread panic, including travel alerts and warnings to avoid pregnancy. Because ZIKV is an emerging disease, response efforts are complicated by limited understanding of disease dynamics. To this end, we develop a novel state- and class-structured compartment model for ZIKV. Our model shows that the risk of prenatal ZIKV exposure should decrease dramatically following the initial wave of disease, reaching almost undetectable levels in endemic systems. Our model also suggests that, depending on ZIVK transmission levels in the Americas, efforts to reduce ZIKV prenatal exposures through mosquito management and avoidance may have minimal benefit, and may even result in increased risk of microcephaly in later years of an outbreak.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharon Bewick</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>William F Fagan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin M Calabrese</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folashade Agusto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-02-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/041897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zika Virus: Endemic Versus Epidemic Dynamics and Implications for Disease Spread in the Americas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-02-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042549v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Positive selection on a regulatory insertion-deletion polymorphism in FADS2 influences apparent endogenous synthesis of arachidonic acid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042549v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are bioactive components of membrane phospholipids and serve as substrates for signaling molecules. LCPUFA can be obtained directly from animal foods or synthesized endogenously from 18 carbon precursors via the FADS2 coded enzyme. Vegans rely almost exclusively on endogenous synthesis to generate LCPUFA and we hypothesized that an adaptive genetic polymorphism would confer advantage. The rs66698963 polymorphism, a 22 bp insertion-deletion within FADS2, is associated with basal FADS1 expression, and coordinated induction of FADS1 and FADS2 in vitro. Here we determined rs66698963 genotype frequencies from 234 individuals of a primarily vegetarian Indian population and 311 individuals from the U.S. A much higher I/I genotype frequency was found in Indians (68%) than in the U.S. (18%). Analysis using 1000 Genomes Project data confirmed our observation, revealing a global I/I genotype of 70% in South Asians, 53% in Africans, 29% in East Asians, and 17% in Europeans. Tests based on population divergence, site frequency spectrum and long-range haplotype consistently point to positive selection encompassing rs66698963 in South Asian, African and some East Asian populations. Basal plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid status was 8% greater in I/I compared to D/D individuals. The biochemical pathway product-precursor difference, arachidonic acid minus linoleic acid, was 31% and 13% greater for I/I and I/D compared to D/D, respectively. Our study is consistent with previous in vitro data suggesting that the insertion allele enhances n-6 LCPUFA synthesis and may confer an adaptive advantage in South Asians because of the traditional plant-based diet practice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar S.D. Kothapalli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaixiong Ye</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maithili S. Gadgil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susan E. Carlson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimberly O. O'Brien</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji Yao Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui Gyu Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsley Ojukwu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James Zou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephanie S. Hyon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalpana S. Joshi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alon Keinan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>J. Thomas Brenna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/042549</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Positive selection on a regulatory insertion-deletion polymorphism in FADS2 influences apparent endogenous synthesis of arachidonic acid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Syndecan functions to regulate Wnt-dependent axon guidance in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/046094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell adhesion molecules are key to axon guidance during development, for example specific cues can instruct axons to terminate in a specific area, or to continue growth. Syndecans are conserved cell-surface receptors that function in multiple developmental contexts. Caenorhabditis elegans with mutations in the single syndecan gene, sdn-1, exhibited errors in anterior-posterior guidance, with axons that stopped short of, or grew past their stereotypical termination point. Syndecan function was cell non-autonomous for GABAergic axon outgrowth during early development, but was likely cell autonomous to inhibit growth later in development. sdn-1 appeared to regulate the inhibitory activity of the egl-20/Wnt ligand. Removing egl-20 from sdn-1 mutants resulted in fewer animals with prematurely terminating axons. The proteoglycan modifying enzymes hse-5 and hst-2, but not hst-6, had similar effects, suggesting specific heparan sulfate modifications regulated EGL-20 axon-terminating activity. sdn-1 functioned with lin-17/Frizzled, bar-1/{beta}-catenin and the egl-5 Hox-like transcription factor in EGL-20-depedent axon outgrowth. bar-1 was required for egl-5 expression in the most posterior GABAergic neurons. sdn-1 mutations did not eliminate egl-5 expression, but over-expression of egl-5 rescued sdn-1 phenotypes. Our results suggest syndecan is a component of Wnt-signaling events that are necessary for axons to recognize appropriate termination points.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samantha N Hartin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brian D Ackley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/046094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Syndecan functions to regulate Wnt-dependent axon guidance in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/055079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans NF2/Merlin Molecule NFM-1 Non-Autonomously Regulates Neuroblast Migration and Interacts Genetically with the Guidance Cue SLT-1/Slit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/055079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During nervous system development, neurons and their progenitors often migrate to their final destinations. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the bilateral Q neuroblasts and their descendants migrate long distances in opposite directions, despite being born in the same posterior region. QR on the right migrates anteriorly and generates the AQR neuron positioned near the head, and QL on the left migrates posteriorly, giving rise to the PQR neuron positioned near the tail. In a screen for genes required for AQR and PQR migration, we identified an allele of nfm-1, which encodes a molecule similar to vertebrate NF2/Merlin, an important tumor suppressor in humans. Mutations in NF2 lead to Neurofibromatosis Type II, characterized by benign tumors of glial tissues. These molecules contain Four-point-one Ezrin Radixin Moesin (FERM) domains characteristic of cytoskeletal-membrane linkers, and vertebrate NF2 is required for epidermal integrity. Vertebrate NF2 can also regulate several transcriptional pathways including the Hippo pathway. Here we demonstrate that in C. elegans, nfm-1 is required for complete migration of AQR and PQR, and that it likely acts outside of the Q cells themselves in a non-autonomous fashion. We also show a genetic interaction between nfm-1 and the C. elegans Slit homolog slt-1, which encodes a conserved secreted guidance cue. In vertebrates, NF2 can control Slit2 mRNA levels through the hippo pathway in axon pathfinding, suggesting a conserved interaction of NF2 and Slit2 in regulating migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Matthew P Josephson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana Aliani</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erik Lundquist</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/055079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans NF2/Merlin Molecule NFM-1 Non-Autonomously Regulates Neuroblast Migration and Interacts Genetically with the Guidance Cue SLT-1/Slit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061382v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the risk of Zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern United States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061382v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent spread of mosquito-transmitted viruses and associated disease to the Americas motivates a new, data-driven evaluation of risk in temperate population centers. Temperate regions are generally expected to pose low risk for significant mosquito-borne disease, however, the spread of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) across densely populated urban areas has established a new landscape of risk. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of chikungunya and Zika viruses from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality.nnMosquito-borne disease occurs when specific combinations of conditions maximize virus-to-mosquito and mosquito-to-human contact rates. We develop a mathematical model that captures the epidemiology and is informed by current data on vector ecology from urban sites. The model predicts that one of every two infectious travelers arriving at peak mosquito season could initiate local transmission and > 10% of the introductions could generate a disease outbreak of at least 100 people. Despite Ae. albopictus propensity for biting non-human vertebrates, we also demonstrate that local virus transmission and human outbreaks may occur when vectors feed from humans even just 40% of the time. This work demonstrates how a conditional series of non-average events can result in local arbovirus transmission and outbreaks of disease in humans, even in temperate cities.nnAuthor SummaryZika and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, including Ae. albopictus, which is abundant in many temperate cities. While disease risk is lower in temperate regions where viral amplification cannot build across years, there is significant potential for localized disease outbreaks in urban populations. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of virus from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human densities and seasonality. The model predicts that one of every two infectious travelers arriving at peak mosquito season could initiate local transmission and > 10% of the introductions could generate a disease outbreak of >100 people.nnClassification: Ecology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrie Manore</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Ostfeld</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folashade Agusto</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holly Gaff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shannon LaDeau</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/061382</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the risk of Zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern United States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distal axotomy enhances retrograde presynaptic excitability onto injured pyramidal neurons via trans-synaptic signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/065391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Injury of CNS nerve tracts remodels circuitry through dendritic spine loss and hyper-excitability, thus influencing recovery. Due to the complexity of the CNS, a mechanistic understanding of injury-induced synaptic remodeling remains unclear. Using microfluidic chambers to separate and injure distal axons, we show that axotomy causes retrograde dendritic spine loss at directly injured pyramidal neurons followed by retrograde presynaptic hyper-excitability. These remodeling events require activity at the site of injury, axon-to-soma signaling, and transcription. Similarly, directly injured corticospinal neurons in vivo also exhibit a specific increase in spiking following axon injury. Axotomy-induced hyper-excitability of cultured neurons coincides with elimination of inhibitory inputs onto injured neurons, including those formed onto dendritic spines. Netrin-1 downregulation occurs following axon injury and exogenous netrin-1 applied after injury normalizes spine density, presynaptic excitability, and inhibitory inputs at injured neurons. Our findings show that intrinsic signaling within damaged neurons regulates synaptic remodeling and involves netrin-1 signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tharkika Nagendran</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rebecca Bigler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rylan Larsen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benjamin Philpot</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anne Marion Taylor</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/065391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distal axotomy enhances retrograde presynaptic excitability onto injured pyramidal neurons via trans-synaptic signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A defensive body plan was pre-adaptive for termitophily in the rove beetle tribe Termitohospitini (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/083881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Termitophily--the symbiosis of organisms with termite societies--has evolved a disproportionate number of times within the rove beetle subfamily Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae). Among aleocharine termitophiles, defensive (limuloid) and mimetic (physogastric & physothoracic) body forms have evolved convergently, but due to lack of a comprehensive aleocharine phylogeny, the context in which termitophily and associated adaptations evolve is unknown. We present the first example of a robust, morphology-based phylogenetic placement of an exclusively termitophilous tribe, the Termitohospitini. Termitohospitini is recovered to be nested within Myllaenini sensu nov, and sister to Myllaena (new synonymy). Furthermore, we also recovered the small tribe Masuriini nested within Myllaenini sensu nov (new status).nnReconstructing ecological transitions within this clade, we present evidence that the stem lineage of Myllaenini sensu nov invaded intertidal marine habitats, the common ancestor for Myllaena + Termitohospitini then transitioned to freshwater riparian habitats, with Termitohospitini alone subsequently shifting to termitophily. We conclude that: (1) Termitohospitini was ancestrally a limuloid-bodied riparian inhabitant; (2) a limuloid form may have been pre-adaptive for defense against host attack during the evolution of termitophily; (3) the strongly tapered abdomen of an ancestral limuloid body was a constraint on the evolution of physogastry, leading to the emergence of the unusual physothoracic body form observed in termitohospitines that likely integrates these obligate termitophiles to life inside termite colonies.nn"one of the most astonishing spectacles in all natural history." -- Richard Dawkins
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kanao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldredge, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maruyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/083881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A defensive body plan was pre-adaptive for termitophily in the rove beetle tribe Termitohospitini (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shifting microbial communities sustain multi-year iron reduction and methanogenesis in ferruginous sediment incubations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive Fe(III) minerals can influence methane (CH4) emissions by inhibiting microbial methanogenesis or by stimulating anaerobic CH4 oxidation. The balance between Fe(III) reduction, methanogenesis, and methane oxidation in ferruginous Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans would have controlled CH4 fluxes to the atmosphere, thereby regulating the capacity for CH4 to warm the early Earth under the Faint Young Sun. We studied CH4 and Fe cycling in anoxic incubations of ferruginous sediment from the ancient ocean analogue Lake Matano, Indonesia over three successive transfers (500 days total). Iron reduction, methanogenesis, methane oxidation, and microbial taxonomy were monitored in treatments amended with ferrihydrite or goethite. After three dilutions, Fe(III) reduction persisted only in bottles with ferrihydrite. Enhanced CH4 production was observed in the presence of goethite, highlighting the potential for reactive Fe(III)-oxides to inhibit methanogenesis. Supplementing the media with hydrogen, nickel and selenium did not stimulate methanogenesis. There was limited evidence for Fe(III)-dependent CH4 oxidation, although some incubations displayed CH4-stimulated Fe(III)-reduction. 16S rRNA profiles continuously changed over the course of enrichment, with ultimate dominance of unclassified members of the order Desulfuromonadales in all treatments. Microbial diversity decreased markedly over the course of incubation, with subtle differences between ferrihydrite and goethite amendments. These results suggest that Fe(III)-oxide mineralogy and availability of electron donors could have led to spatial separation of Fe(III)-reducing and methanogenic microbial communities in ferruginous marine sediments, potentially explaining the persistence of CH4 as a greenhouse gas throughout the first half of Earth history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bray, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kretz, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simister, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiChristina, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandes, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowle, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shifting microbial communities sustain multi-year iron reduction and methanogenesis in ferruginous sediment incubations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A community-based collaboration to build prediction models for short-term discontinuation of docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/087809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDocetaxel has a demonstrated survival benefit for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, 10-20% of patients discontinue docetaxel prematurely because of toxicity-induced adverse events, and managing risk factors for toxicity remains an ongoing challenge for health care providers and patients. Prospective identification of high-risk patients for early discontinuation has the potential to assist clinical decision-making and can improve the design of more efficient clinical trials. In partnership with Project Data Sphere (PDS), a non-profit initiative facilitating clinical trial data-sharing, we designed an open-data, crowdsourced DREAM (Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods) Challenge for developing models to predict early discontinuation of docetaxelnnMethodsData from the comparator arms of four phase III clinical trials in first-line mCRPC were obtained from PDS, including 476 patients treated with docetaxel and prednisone from the ASCENT2 trial, 598 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone/prednisolone, and placebo in the VENICE trial, 526 patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone, and placebo in the MAINSAIL trial, and 528 patients treated with docetaxel and placebo in the ENTHUSE 33 trial. Early discontinuation was defined as treatment stoppage within three months due to adverse treatment effects. Over 150 clinical features including laboratory values, medical history, lesion measures, prior treatment, and demographic variables were curated and made freely available for model building for all four trials. The ASCENT2, VENICE, and MAINSAIL trial data sets formed the training set that also included patient discontinuation status. The ENTHUSE 33 trial, with patient discontinuation status hidden, was used as an independent validation set to evaluate model performance. Prediction performance was assessed using area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and the Bayes factor was used to compare the performance between prediction models.nnResultsThe frequency of early discontinuation was similar between training (ASCENT2, VENICE, and MAINSAIL) and validation (ENTHUSE 33) sets, 12.3% versus 10.4% of docetaxel-treated patients, respectively. In total, 34 independent teams submitted predictions from 61 different models. AUPRC ranged from 0.088 to 0.178 across submissions with a random model performance of 0.104. Seven models with comparable AUPRC scores (Bayes factor [&le;]; 3) were observed to outperform all other models. A post-challenge analysis of risk predictions generated by these seven models revealed three distinct patient subgroups: patients consistently predicted to be at high-risk or low-risk for early discontinuation and those with discordant risk predictions. Early discontinuation events were two-times higher in the high-versus low-risk subgroup and baseline clinical features such as presence/absence of metastatic liver lesions, and prior treatment with analgesics and ACE inhibitors exhibited statistically significant differences between the high- and low-risk subgroups (adjusted P < 0.05). An ensemble-based model constructed from a post-Challenge community collaboration resulted in the best overall prediction performance (AUPRC = 0.230) and represented a marked improvement over any individual Challenge submission. AnnFindingsOur results demonstrate that routinely collected clinical features can be used to prospectively inform clinicians of mCRPC patients risk to discontinue docetaxel treatment early due to adverse events and to the best of our knowledge is the first to establish performance benchmarks in this area. This work also underscores the "wisdom of crowds" approach by demonstrating that improved prediction of patient outcomes is obtainable by combining methods across an extended community. These findings were made possible because data from separate trials were made publicly available and centrally compiled through PDS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Seyednasrollah, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccolo, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greiner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuchs, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gofer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfinger, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanigel Winner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bare, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neto, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdallah, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stolovitzky, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PCC-DREAM Community,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soule, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweeney, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scher, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sartor, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elo, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guinney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/087809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A community-based collaboration to build prediction models for short-term discontinuation of docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Flagellar synchronization is a simple alternative to cell cycle synchronization for ciliary and flagellar studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/089185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is an ideal model organism for studies of ciliary function and assembly. In assays for biological and biochemical effects of various factors on flagellar structure and function, synchronous culture is advantageous for minimizing variability. Here, we have characterized a method in which 100% synchronization is achieved with respect to flagellar length but not with respect to the cell cycle. The method requires inducing flagellar regeneration by amputation of the entire cell population and limiting regeneration time, which results in a maximally homogeneous distribution of flagellar length at three hours post-amputation. We find that time-limiting new protein synthesis during flagellar synchronization limits variability in the unassembled pool of limiting flagellar protein and variability in flagellar length without regulating the cell volume. We also find that long and short flagella mutants that regenerate normally require longer and shorter synchronization times, respectively. By minimizing flagellar length variability using a simple method requiring only hours and no changes in media, flagellar synchronization facilitates the detection of small changes in flagellar length resulting from both chemical and genetic perturbations in Chlamydomonas. This method increases our ability to probe the basic biology of ciliary size regulation and related disease etiologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avasthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/089185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Flagellar synchronization is a simple alternative to cell cycle synchronization for ciliary and flagellar studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii formin and profilin are optimized for acute rapid actin filament assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/096008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulated assembly of multiple filamentous actin (F-actin) networks from an actin monomer pool is important for a variety of cellular processes. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular green alga expressing a conventional and divergent actin that is an emerging system for investigating the complex regulation of actin polymerization. One actin network that contains exclusively conventional F-actin in Chlamydomonas is the fertilization tubule, a mating structure at the apical cell surface in gametes. In addition to two actin genes, Chlamydomonas expresses a profilin (PRF1) and four formin genes (FOR1-4), one of which (FOR1) we have characterized for the first time. We found that unlike typical profilins, PRF1 prevents unwanted actin assembly by strongly inhibiting both F-actin nucleation and barbed end elongation at equimolar concentrations to actin. However, FOR1 stimulates the assembly of rapidly elongating actin filaments from PRF1-bound actin. PRF1 further favors FOR1-mediated actin assembly by potently inhibiting Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly. Furthermore, for1 and prf1-1 mutants, as well as the small molecule formin inhibitor SMIFH2, prevent fertilization tubule formation in gametes, suggesting that polymerization of F-actin for fertilization tubule formation is a primary function of FOR1. Together, these findings indicate that FOR1 and PRF1 cooperate to selectively and rapidly assemble F-actin at the right time and place.nnSUMMARY STATEMENTThe Chlamydomonas reinhardtii formin FOR1 initiates rapid assembly of fertilization tubule actin filaments from monomers associated with the actin-assembly inhibitor profilin PRF1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Christensen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glista, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sees, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skau, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mets, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avasthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovar, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/096008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chlamydomonas reinhardtii formin and profilin are optimized for acute rapid actin filament assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108936v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A SUPERNOVA AT 50 PC: EFFECTS ON THE EARTHS ATMOSPHERE AND BIOTA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/108936v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent 60Fe results have suggested that the estimated distances of supernovae in the last few million years should be reduced from [~]100 pc to [~]50 pc. Two events or series of events are suggested, one about 2.7 million years to 1.7 million years ago, and another may at 6.5 to 8.7 million years ago. We ask what effects such supernovae are expected to have on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota. Assuming that the Local Bubble was formed before the event being considered, and that the supernova and the Earth were both inside a weak, disordered magnetic field at that time, TeV-PeV cosmic rays at Earth will increase by a factor of a few hundred. Tropospheric ionization will increase proportionately, and the overall muon radiation load on terrestrial organisms will increase by a factor of [~]150. All return to pre-burst levels within 10kyr. In the case of an ordered magnetic field, effects depend strongly on the field orientation. The upper bound in this case is with a largely coherent field aligned along the line of sight to the supernova, in which case TeV-PeV cosmic ray flux increases are [~]104; in the case of a transverse field they are below current levels. We suggest a substantial increase in the extended effects of supernovae on Earth and in the "lethal distance" estimate; more work is needed. This paper is an explicit followup to Thomas et al. (2016). We also here provide more detail on the computational procedures used in both works.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachelriess, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semikoz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overholt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/108936</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A SUPERNOVA AT 50 PC: EFFECTS ON THE EARTHS ATMOSPHERE AND BIOTA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genomic architecture of flowering time varies across space and time in Mimulus guttatus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The degree to which genomic architecture varies across space and time is central to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection. Bulked-segregant mapping combined with pooled sequencing provides an efficient method to estimate the effect of genetic variants on quantitative traits. We develop a novel likelihood framework to identify segregating variation within multiple populations and generations while accommodating estimation error on a sample- and SNP-specific basis. We use this method to map loci for flowering time within natural populations of Mimulus guttatus, collecting the early and late flowering plants from each of three neighboring populations and two consecutive generations. We find appreciable variation in genetic effects on flowering time across both time and space; the greatest differences evident between populations. Structural variants, such as inversions, and genes from multiple flowering time pathways exhibit the strongest associations with flowering time. It is also clear that genotype-by-environment interactions are an important influence on flowering time variation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monnahan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genomic architecture of flowering time varies across space and time in Mimulus guttatus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary dynamics of male reproductive genes in the Drosophila virilis subgroup 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postcopulatory sexual selection (PCSS) is a potent evolutionary force that can drive rapid changes of reproductive genes within species, and thus has the potential to generate reproductive incompatibilities between species. Male seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are major players in postmating interactions, and likely the main targets of PCSS in males. The virilis subgroup of Drosophila exhibits strong interspecific gametic incompatibilities, and can serve as a model to study the genetic basis of PCSS and gametic isolation. However, reproductive genes in this group have not been characterized. Here we use short-read RNA sequencing of male reproductive organs to examine the evolutionary dynamics of reproductive genes in members of the virilis subgroup: D. americana, D. lummei, D. novamexicana, and D. virilis. For each of the three male reproductive organs (accessory glands, ejaculatory bulb, and testes), we identify genes that show strong expression bias in a given tissue relative to the remaining tissues. We find that the majority of male reproductive transcripts are testes-biased, accounting for ~15% of all annotated genes. Ejaculatory bulb-biased transcripts largely code for lipid metabolic enzymes, and contain orthologs of the D. melanogaster ejaculatory bulb protein, Peb-me, which is involved in mating-plug formation. In addition, we identify 71 candidate SFPs, and show that this set of genes has the highest rate of nonsynonymous codon substitution relative to testes- and ejaculatory bulb-biased genes. Furthermore, these SFPs are underrepresented on the X chromosome and are enriched for proteolytic enzymes, which is consistent with SFPs in other insect species. Surprisingly, we find 35 D. melanogaster SFPs with conserved accessory gland expression in the virilis group, suggesting these genes may have conserved reproductive roles in Drosophila. Finally, we show that several of the SFPs that have the highest rate of nonsynonymous codon substitutions reside on the centromeric half of chromosome 2, which contributes to paternal gametic incompatibility between species. Our results suggest that SFPs are under strong selection in the virilis group, and likely play a major role in PCSS and/or gametic isolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed-Braimah, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary dynamics of male reproductive genes in the Drosophila virilis subgroup]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121533v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correcting For Cell-Type Heterogeneity In Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: Premature Analyses And Conclusions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121533v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, a study by Rahmani et al [1] claimed that a reference-free cell-type deconvolution method, called ReFACTor, leads to improved power and improved estimates of cell-type composition compared to competing reference-free and reference-based methods in the context of Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS). However, we identified many critical flaws (both conceptual and statistical in nature), which seriously question the validity of their claims. We outlined constructive criticism in a recent correspondence letter, Zheng et al [2]. The purpose of this letter is two-fold. First, to present additional analyses, which demonstrate that our original criticism is statistically sound. Second, to highlight additional serious concerns, which Rahmani et al have not yet addressed. In summary, we find that ReFACTor has not been demonstrated to outperform state-of-the-art reference-free methods such as SVA or RefFreeEWAS, nor state-of-the-art reference-based methods. Thus, the claim by Rahmani et al (a claim reiterated in their recent response letter [3]) that ReFACT or represents an advance over the state-of-the-art is not supported by an objective and rigorous statistical analysis of the data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaffe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houseman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Widschwendter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irizarry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschendorff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121533</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correcting For Cell-Type Heterogeneity In Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: Premature Analyses And Conclusions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C. elegans Flavin Monooxygenases Regulate C. elegans Axon Guidance and Growth Cone Protrusion with UNC-6/Netrin signaling and Rac GTPases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/131755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin regulates both attractive and repulsive axon guidance. Our previous work showed that in C. elegans, the attractive UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates growth cone protrusion, and that the repulsive receptor, an UNC-5/UNC-40 heterodimer, inhibits growth cone protrusion. We have also shown that inhibition of growth cone protrusion downstream of the UNC-5/UNC-40 repulsive receptor involves Rac GTPases, the Rac GTP exchange factor UNC-73/Trio, and the cytoskeletal regulator UNC-33/CRMP, which mediates Semaphorin-induced growth cone collapse in other systems. The multidomain flavoprotein monooxygenase (FMO) MICAL also mediates growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin by directly oxidizing F-actin, resulting in depolymerization. The C. elegans genome does not encode a multidomain MICAL-like molecule, but does encode five flavin monooxygenases (FMO-1, -2, -3, -4, and 5) and another molecule, EHBP-1, similar to the non-FMO portion of MICAL.nnHere we show that FMO-1, FMO-4, FMO-5, and EHBP-1 may play a role in UNC-6/Netrin directed repulsive guidance mediated through UNC-40 and UNC-5 receptors. Mutations in fmo-1, fmo-4, fmo-5, and ehbp-1 showed VD/DD axon guidance and branching defects, and variably enhanced unc-40 and unc-5 VD/DD guidance defects. Developing growth cones in vivo of fmo-1, fmo-4, fmo-5, and ehbp-1 mutants displayed excessive filopodial protrusion, and transgenic expression of FMO-5 inhibited growth cone protrusion. Mutations suppressed growth cone inhibition caused by activated UNC-40 and UNC-5 signaling, and activated Rac GTPase CED-10 and MIG-2, suggesting that these molecules are required downstream of UNC-6/Netrin receptors and Rac GTPases. From these studies, we conclude that FMO-1, FMO-4, FMO-5, and EHBP-1 represent new players downstream of UNC-6/Netrin receptors and Rac GTPases that inhibit growth cone filopodial protrusion in repulsive axon guidance.nnAuthor SummaryMolecular mechanisms of axon repulsion mediated by UNC-6/Netrin are not well understood. Inhibition of growth cone lamellipodial and filopodial protrusion is critical to repulsive axon guidance. Previous work identified a novel pathway involving Rac GTPases and the cytoskeletal interacting molecule UNC-33/CRMP required for UNC-6/Netrin-mediated inhibition of growth cone protrusion. In other systems, CRMP mediates growth cone collapse in response to semaphorin. Here we demonstrate a novel role of flavoprotein monooxygenases (FMOs) in repulsive axon guidance and inhibition of growth cone protrusion downstream of UNC-6/Netrin signaling and Rac GTPases. In Drosophila and vertebrates, the multidomain MICAL FMO mediates semaphorin-dependent growth cone collapse by direct oxidation and depolymerization of F-actin. The C. elegans genome does not encode a multidomain MICAL-like molecule, and we speculate that the C. elegans FMOs might have an equivalent role downstream of UNC-6/Netrin signaling. Indeed, we show that EHBP-1, similar to the non-FMO portion of MICAL, also controls repulsive axon guidance and growth cone inhibition, suggesting that in C. elegans, the functions of the multidomain MICAL molecule might be distributed across different molecules. In sum, we show conservation of function of molecules involved in semaphorin growth cone collapse with inhibition of growth cone protrusion downstream of UNC-6/Netrin signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gujar, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stricker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/131755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C. elegans Flavin Monooxygenases Regulate C. elegans Axon Guidance and Growth Cone Protrusion with UNC-6/Netrin signaling and Rac GTPases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global analysis of plasma lipids identifies liver-derived acyl-carnitines as a fuel source for brown fat thermogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/132241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold induced thermogenesis is an energy demanding process that protects endotherms against a reduction in ambient temperature. Using non-targeted LC-MS based lipidomics, we identified plasma acylcarnitines as the most significantly changed lipid class in response to the cold. Here we show that acylcarnitines provide fuel for brown fat thermogenesis. In response to the cold, FFAs released from adipocytes activate the nuclear receptor HNF4 to stimulate the expression of genes involved in acylcarnitine metabolism in the liver. Conditional deletion of HNF4 in hepatocytes blocks the cold-induced changes in hepatic gene expression, lowering circulating long chain acylcarnitine (LCAC) levels, and impairing their ability to adapt to the cold. Finally, a bolus of L-carnitine or palmitoylcarnitine rescues the cold sensitivity seen with aging. Our data highlights an elegant mechanism whereby white adipose tissue provides FFAs for hepatic carnitilation to generate plasma LCAC as a fuel source for BAT thermogenesis.nnHighlightsO_LIBlood acylcarnitine levels increase in response to the cold.nC_LIO_LIFFA mobilization in response to the cold activates hepatic HNF4 and stimulates genes involved in acylcarnitine metabolism.nC_LIO_LIBrown adipocytes metabolize palmitoylcarnitine.nC_LIO_LICarnitine administration improves thermogenic response in aged mice.nC_LInnETOCSimcox et al identified acylcarnitines as a novel source of energy for thermogenesis. In response to the cold, the liver activates a transcriptional program through the transcription factor HNF4, leading to increased acylcarnitine levels. They also find that aging mice have reduced acylcarnitine levels and an impaired thermogenic response in the cold. Increasing acylcarnitine levels in old mice increases their ability to adapt to the cold. Their studies discover a physiological role for acylcarnitines in thermogenesis.nnGraphical AbstractCold exposure stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to release noradrenaline (NA). Activation of {beta}3-adrenergic receptors stimulates FFA release and activation of the transcription factor HNF4 in the liver. This leads to increased gene expression of enzymes involved in acylcarnitine metabolism. The acylcarnitines are released in the blood to provide fuel for brown fat thermogenesis. These studies highlight the role of the liver in the thermogenic response.nnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=199 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/132241_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (80K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1282891org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17f7c7forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c6b637org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e4f40d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Simcox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoghegan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maschek, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquali, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donato, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/132241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global analysis of plasma lipids identifies liver-derived acyl-carnitines as a fuel source for brown fat thermogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Naturally-segregating Variation at Ugt86Dd Contributes to Nicotine Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/134429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the causative sequence polymorphisms underlying complex trait variation is a key goal of evolutionary and biomedical genetics. By knowing the precise molecular events that confer phenotypic changes we can gain insight into the pathways underlying complex traits and the evolutionary forces acting on variation. Genetic analysis of complex traits in model systems regularly starts by constructing QTL maps, but generally fails to identify causative nucleotide-level polymorphisms. Previously we mapped a series of QTL contributing to resistance to nicotine in a Drosophila melanogaster multiparental mapping resource, and here use a battery of functional tests to resolve QTL to the molecular level. One large-effect QTL resided over a cluster of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and quantitative complementation tests using deficiencies eliminating subsets of these detoxification genes revealed allelic variation impacting resistance. RNAseq showed that Ugt86Dd had significantly higher expression in genotypes that are more resistant to nicotine, and anterior midgut-specific RNAi of this gene reduced resistance. We discovered a naturally-segregating 22-bp frameshift deletion in Ugt86Dd, and overexpression of the insertion-containing allele in a range of tissues enhanced resistance. Accounting for the InDel event during mapping largely eliminates the QTL, implying the InDel explains the bulk of the effect associated with the mapped locus. Finally, we edited a relatively resistant genetic background to generate lesions in Ugt86Dd that recapitulate the naturally-occurring putative loss-of-function allele, and succeeded in radically reducing resistance. The putatively causative coding InDel in Ugt86Dd can be a launchpad for future mechanistic exploration of xenobiotic detoxification.nnARTICLE SUMMARYResolving the mutations that contribute to among-individual trait variation is a major goal of biomedical and evolutionary genetics. In general however, genetic mapping experiments do not allow immediate resolution of the underlying causative variants. Previous mapping work revealed several loci contributing to nicotine resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. We employed a battery of functional tests to demonstrate that the detoxification gene Ugt86Dd has a major phenotypic effect, and that a segregating frameshift mutation is likely causative. Editing the gene to introduce a premature stop codon led to a significant reduction in resistance, validating its role in xenobiotic detoxification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Highfill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moldenhauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/134429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Naturally-segregating Variation at Ugt86Dd Contributes to Nicotine Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/144089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting Patterns Of Evolutionary Constraint And Novelty Revealed By Comparative Sperm Proteomic Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/144089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRapid evolution is a hallmark of reproductive genetic systems and arises through the combined processes of sequence divergence, gene gain and loss, and changes in gene and protein expression. While studies aiming to disentangle the molecular ramifications of these processes are progressing, we still know little about the genetic basis of evolutionary transitions in reproductive systems. Here we conduct the first comparative analysis of sperm proteomes in Lepidoptera, a group that broadly exhibits dichotomous spermatogenesis, in which males simultaneously produce a functional fertilization-competent sperm (eupyrene) and an incompetent sperm morph lacking DNA (apyrene). Through the integrated application of evolutionary proteomics and genomics, we characterize the genomic patterns associated with the origination of this unique spermatogenic process and assess the importance of genetic novelty in Lepidoptera sperm biology.nnResultsComparison of the newly characterized Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) sperm proteome to those of the Carolina sphinx moth (Manduca sexta) and the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) demonstrated conservation at the level of protein abundance and post-translational modification within Lepidoptera. In contrast, comparative genomic analyses across insects reveals significant divergence at two levels that differentiate the genetic architecture of sperm in Lepidoptera from other insects. First, a significant reduction in orthology among Monarch sperm genes relative to the remainder of the genome in non-Lepidopteran insect species was observed. Second, a substantial number of sperm proteins were found to be specific to Lepidoptera, in that they lack detectable homology to the genomes of more distantly related insects. Lastly, the functional importance of Lepidoptera specific sperm proteins is broadly supported by their increased abundance relative to proteins conserved across insects.nnConclusionsOur results suggest that the origin of heteromorphic spermatogenesis early in Lepidoptera evolution was associated with a burst of genetic novelty. This pattern of genomic diversification is distinct from the remainder of the genome and thus suggests that this transition has had a marked impact on Lepidoptera genome evolution. The identification of abundant sperm proteins unique to Lepidoptera, including proteins distinct between specific lineages, will accelerate future functional studies aiming to understand the developmental origin of dichotomous spermatogenesis and the functional diversification of the fertilization incompetent apyrene sperm morph.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whittington, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsythe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karr, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/144089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting Patterns Of Evolutionary Constraint And Novelty Revealed By Comparative Sperm Proteomic Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamical predictors of an imminent phenotypic switch in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/145821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cells can stochastically switch across thresholds imposed by regulatory networks. Such thresholds can act as a tipping point, drastically changing global phenotypic states. In ecology and economics, imminent transitions across such tipping points can be predicted using dynamical early warning indicators. A typical example is "flickering" of a fast variable, predicting a longer-lasting switch from a low to a high state or vice versa. Considering the different timescales between metabolite and protein fluctuations in bacteria, we hypothesized that metabolic early warning indicators predict imminent transitions across a network threshold caused by enzyme saturation. We used stochastic simulations to determine if flickering predicts phenotypic transitions, accounting for a variety of molecular physiological parameters, including enzyme affinity, burstiness of enzyme gene expression, homeostatic feedback, and rates of metabolic precursor influx. In most cases, we found that metabolic flickering rates are robustly peaked near the enzyme saturation threshold. The degree of fluctuation was amplified by product inhibition of the enzyme. We conclude that sensitivity to flickering in fast variables may be a possible natural or synthetic strategy to prepare physiological states for an imminent transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, J. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/145821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamical predictors of an imminent phenotypic switch in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo discovery of structural motifs in RNA 3D structures through clustering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/155580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As functional components in three-dimensional conformation of an RNA, the RNA structural motifs provide an easy way to associate the molecular architectures with their biological mechanisms. In the past years, many computational tools have been developed to search motif instances by using the existing knowledge of well-studied families. Recently, with the rapidly increasing number of resolved RNA 3D structures, there is an urgent need to discover novel motifs with the newly presented information. In this work, we classify all the loops in non-redundant RNA 3D structures to detect plausible RNA structural motif families by using a clustering pipeline. Compared with other clustering approaches, our method has two benefits: first, the underlying alignment algorithm is tolerant to the variations in 3D structures; second, sophisticated downstream analysis has been performed to ensure the clusters are valid and easily applied to further research. The final clustering results contain many interesting new variants of known motif families, such as GNAA tetraloop, kink-turn, sarcin-ricin, and T-loop. We have also discovered potential novel functional motifs conserved in ribosomal RNA, sgRNA, SRP RNA, riboswitch, and ribozyme.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/155580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo discovery of structural motifs in RNA 3D structures through clustering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding the dynamics of scaffold-mediated signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/167205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many signaling networks involve scaffold proteins that bind multiple kinases in kinase cascades. While scaffolds play a fundamental role in regulating signaling, few hypotheses regarding their function have been rigorously examined. Here, we used dynamical models of scaffold signaling to investigate the impact scaffolds have on network behavior. We considered two paradigms of scaffold assembly: as either the nucleation point for assembly of discrete multi-subunit proteins (the machine paradigm) or a platform upon which kinases independently associate (the ensemble paradigm). We found that several well-accepted hypotheses regarding the role of scaffolds in regulating signal response either do not hold or depend critically on the assembly paradigm employed. In addition to providing novel insights into the function of scaffold proteins, our work suggests experiments that could distinguish between assembly paradigms. Our findings should also inform attempts to target scaffold proteins for therapeutic intervention and the design of scaffolds for synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suderman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/167205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding the dynamics of scaffold-mediated signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/189043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Microbiomes of Pancreatic Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer and Non-Cancer Subjects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/189043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo determine whether bacteria are present in the pancreas of pancreatic cancer and non-cancer subjects and examine whether bacterial profiles vary by site and disease phenotype.nnDesign77 patients requiring surgery for pancreatic diseases, or diseases of the foregut, at the Rhode Island Hospital (RIH) were recruited into this study between 2014 and 2016. In addition, 36 whole pancreas were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) from subjects who were of similar age as the RIH patients and had not died of cancer. The primary exposure of interest was the measurement of the relative abundance of bacterial taxa in all tissue specimens using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.nnResultsNumber of bacterial reads per sample varied substantially across sample type and patients, but all demonstrated the presence of diverse gastrointestinal bacteria, including bacterial taxa typically identified in the oral cavity. Bacterial profiles were noted to be more similar within individuals across sites in the pancreas, than between individuals by site, suggesting that the pancreas as a whole has its own microbiome. Comparing the mean relative abundance of bacterial taxa in pancreatic cancer patients to those without cancer revealed differences in bacterial taxa previously linked to periodontal disease, including Porphyromonas.nnConclusionsBacterial taxa known to inhabit the oral cavity, as well as the intestine, were identified in pancreatic tissue of cancer and non-cancer subjects. Whether any of these bacteria play a causal role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, or are simply opportunistic in nature, needs to be further examined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>del Castillo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paster, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charpentier, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsey, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaud, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/189043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Microbiomes of Pancreatic Tissue in Pancreatic Cancer and Non-Cancer Subjects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/197293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic evolution of Drosophila innubila Nudivirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/197293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses coevolve with their hosts to overcome host resistance and gain the upper hand in the evolutionary arms race. Drosophila innubila nudivirus (DiNV) is a double stranded DNA virus, closely related to Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) and Kallithea virus. DiNV is the first DNA virus found to naturally infect Drosophila and therefore has the potential to be developed as a model for DNA virus immune defense and host/virus coevolution within its well-studied host system. Here we sequence and annotate the genome of DiNV and identify signatures of adaptation, revealing clues for genes involved in host-parasite coevolution. The genome is 155555bp long and contains 107 coding open reading frames (ORFs) and a wealth of AT-rich simple sequence repeats. While synteny is highly conserved between DiNV and Kallithea virus, it drops off rapidly as sequences become more divergent, consistent with rampant rearrangements across nudiviruses. Overall, we show that evolution of DiNV is likely due to adaptation of few genes coupled with high gene turnover.nnHighlightsO_LIWe sequence the genome of DiNV.nC_LIO_LIFew genes are rapidly evolving between nudiviruses.nC_LIO_LIWe find high gene turnover between DiNV and its closest relatives.nC_LIO_LIHelicase and ODV-E56 show consistent signatures of adaptation.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/197293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic evolution of Drosophila innubila Nudivirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hox-logic of preadaptations for social insect symbiosis in rove beetles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How symbiotic lifestyles evolve from free-living ecologies is poorly understood. In Metazoas largest family, Staphylinidae (rove beetles), numerous lineages have evolved obligate behavioral symbioses with ants or termites. Widespread convergence of this lifestyle is thought to stem from a novel, chemically defended body plan that enables free-living species to infiltrate colonies and undergo extreme evolutionary specialization. Here we show how this innovative body plan evolved, via new Hox functions in staphylinids that remodeled the coleopteran groundplan. Using a model staphylinid, Dalotia coriaria, we reveal the Hox basis for changes in thoracic appendage morphology that shortened the beetle elytron and left the abdomen physically unprotected, selecting for an abdominal defense gland that was likely key to unlocking ant and termite societies. We present evidence that the gland evolved through a novel, combinatorial role of the abdominal Hox proteins AbdA and AbdB. These proteins function together to specify distinct gland cell types in neighboring segmental compartments, each cell type synthesizing a different class of compound--irritant, ester and solvent. Only when secreted together do these compounds constitute a bioactive secretion, providing an example of emergent chemical functionality that arises from synergy between individual gland cell types. Hox-controlled specification of glandular diversity implies a modularity in compound biosynthesis that likely catalyzed the evolvability of rove beetle chemistry, including the capacity of symbiotic taxa to produce potent compounds for host deception. This study reveals how Hox-controlled body axis modifications predispose a major animal to convergently evolve into symbionts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldredge, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hox-logic of preadaptations for social insect symbiosis in rove beetles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions with fructose-1-kinase alter function of the central Escherichia coli transcription regulator, Cra 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/201277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In E. coli, the master transcription regulator Cra regulates >100 genes in central metabolism by binding upstream DNA operator sequences. Genes encoding glycolytic enzymes are repressed, whereas those for gluconeogenesis and the citric acid cycle are activated. Cra-DNA binding is allosterically diminished by binding to either fructose-1-phosphate (F-1-P, generated upon fructose import) or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP). F-1,6-BP is generated from F-1-P by the enzyme fructose-1-kinase (FruK) or from other sugars and is a key intermediate in glycolysis. Here, we report that Cra directly interacts with FruK to form a tight protein-protein complex. Further, growth assays with a fruK knockout strain show that FruK has a broader role in metabolism than its known role in fructose catabolism. Biochemical experiments show that F-1,6-BP binding enhances either the Cra/FruK interaction and/or CRA binding to DNA and that FruK can catalyze the reverse reaction of F-1,6-BP to F-1-P. Results were used to propose a model in which the Cra-FruK complex enhances activation of gluconeogenic genes. Finally, since FruK itself is repressed by Cra, these newly-reported events add layers to the dynamic regulation of E. coli central metabolism that occur in response to changing nutrients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairlamb, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeramange, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhardt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tungtur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rau, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefty, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/201277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein-protein interactions with fructose-1-kinase alter function of the central Escherichia coli transcription regulator, Cra]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.885848v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
broad controls leg imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila via regulation of cell shape changes and remodeling of extracellular matrix 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.885848v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imaginal disc morphogenesis during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to uncover molecular mechanisms by which hormonal signals effect physical changes during development. The broad (br) Z2 isoform encodes a transcription factor required for disc morphogenesis in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone, yet how it accomplishes this remains largely unknown. Here, we show that amorphic br5 mutant discs fail to remodel their basal extracellular matrix (ECM) after puparium formation and do not undergo necessary cell shape changes. RNA sequencing of wild type and mutant leg discs identified 717 genes differentially regulated by br; functional studies reveal that several are required for adult leg formation, particularly those involved in remodeling the ECM. Additionally, br Z2 expression is abruptly shut down at the onset of metamorphosis, and expressing it beyond this time results in failure of leg development during the late prepupal and pupal stages. Taken together, our results suggest that br Z2 is required to drive ECM remodeling, change cell shape, and maintain metabolic activity through the mid prepupal stage, but must be switched off to allow expression of pupation genes.

Summary StatementThe Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone-responding transcription factor broad controls morphogenetic processes in leg imaginal discs during metamorphosis through regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolism, and cell shape changes and rearrangements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rice, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.21.885848</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[broad controls leg imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila via regulation of cell shape changes and remodeling of extracellular matrix]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.886945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression and function of voltage gated proton channels (H V 1) in MDA-MB-231 cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.23.886945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expression of the voltage gated proton channel (HV1) as identified by immunocytochemistry has been previously reported in breast cancer tissue. Increased expression of HV1 was correlated with poor prognosis and decreases overall and disease-free survival but the mechanism of its involvement in the disease is unknown. Here we present electrophysiological recordings of HV1 channel activity thus, demonstrating their presence and functional properties in the plasma membrane of a breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. With western blotting we also identify significant levels of HV1 expression in 3 out of 8 "triple negative" breast cancer cell lines (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor expression negative). We examine the function of HV1 in breast cancer using MDA-MB-231 cells as a model by suppressing the expression of HV1 using shRNA ("knock-down; "KD") and by eliminating HV1 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing ("knock-out"; "KO"). However, these two approaches produced different effects. Knock-down of HV1 using shRNA resulted in slower cell migration in a scratch assay and a significant reduction in H2O2 release. In contrast, HV1 KO cells do not show reduction in migration or H2O2 release. HV1 KO but not knock-down cells showed an increased glycolytic rate with an accompanied increase in p-AKT (Phospho-AKT, Ser473) activity. The expression of CD171/LCAM-1, an adhesion molecule and prognostic indicator for breast cancer, was reduced in the absence of HV1 expression. When we compared MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth rates in immunocompromised mice, tumors from HV1 KO cells grew less in mass with lower staining for the Ki-67 maker for cell proliferation rate. Therefore, deletion of HV1 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells limits tumor growth rate. The limited growth thus, appears to be independent of oxidant production by NADPH oxidase molecules and be determined through cell adhesion activity. While HV1 KO results in cell mechanisms different from KD, both implicate HV1-mediated pathways for control of tumor growth in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bare, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherny, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abukhdeir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCoursey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>morgan, d.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.23.886945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression and function of voltage gated proton channels (H V 1) in MDA-MB-231 cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.24.887869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting model mechanisms of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release from damaged and necrotic hepatocytes as an example of general biomarker mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.24.887869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interpretations of elevated blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for drug-induced liver injury often assume that the biomarker is released passively from dying cells. However, the mechanisms driving that release have not been explored experimentally. The usefulness of ALT and related biomarkers will improve by developing mechanism-based explanations of elevated levels that can be expanded and elaborated incrementally. We provide the means to challenge the ability of closely related concretized model mechanisms to generate patterns of simulated hepatic injury and ALT release that scale (or not) to be quantitatively similar to the wet-lab validation targets. The validation targets for this work are elevated measures of plasma ALT following acetaminophen (APAP) exposure in mice. We build on a published model mechanism that helps explain the generation of characteristic spatiotemporal features of APAP hepatotoxicity within hepatic lobules. Discrete event and agent-oriented software methods are most prominent. We instantiate and leverage a small constellation of concrete model mechanisms. Their details during execution help bring into focus ways in which particular sources of uncertainty become entangled within and across several levels with cause-effect details. Monte Carlo sampling and simulations comprise a virtual experiment. Falsification of one (or more) of the model mechanisms provides new knowledge and shrinks the model mechanism constellation incrementally. We challenge the sufficiency of four potentially explanatory theories for ALT release. The first model mechanism tested failed to achieve the initial validation target, but each of the three others succeeded. We scale ALT amounts in virtual mice directly to target plasma ALT measures in individual mice. Results for one of the three model mechanisms matched all target ALT measures quantitatively. We assert that the actual mechanisms responsible for ALT measures in individual mice and the virtual causal processes occurring during model execution are strongly analogous within and among real hepatic lobular levels.

Author summaryInterpretations of elevated biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury assume passive release during hepatocyte death, yet indirect evidence indicates that plasma levels can increase absent injury. Limitations on measurements make it infeasible to resolve causal linkages between drug disposition and plasma levels of biomarkers. To improve explanatory knowledge, we instantiate within virtual mice, plausible mechanism-based causal linkages between acetaminophen disposition and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) behavior that enables simulation results to meet stringent quantitative validation prerequisites. We challenge the sufficiency of four model mechanisms by scaling ALT measurements in virtual mice to corresponding plasma values. Virtual experiment results in which ALT release is a combined consequence of lobular-location-dependent hepatocyte death and drug-induced cellular damage, matches all validation targets. We assert that the actual mechanisms responsible for plasma ALT measures in individual mice and the virtual causal processes occurring during model execution are strongly analogous within and among real hepatic lobular levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ropella, G. E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGill, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeschke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.24.887869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting model mechanisms of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release from damaged and necrotic hepatocytes as an example of general biomarker mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.892042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Teratogenic Drug Topiramate Upregulates TGFβ1 and SOX9 Expression in Primary Palatal Mesenchyme Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.892042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Topiramate is a commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drug with over 8 million prescriptions dispensed annually. Topiramate use during pregnancy has been linked to significantly increased risk of babies born with orofacial clefts (OFCs). However, the exact molecular mechanism of topiramate teratogenicity is unknown. We used an unbiased antibody array analysis to test the effect of topiramate on human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells. This analysis identified 40 differentially expressed proteins, showing strong connectivity to known OFC genes. However, among known OFC genes, only TGF{beta}1 was significantly upregulated in the antibody array analysis. Next, we validated that topiramate could increase expression of TGF{beta}1 and of downstream target phospho-SMAD2 in primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells. Furthermore, we showed that topiramate treatment of primary MEPM cells increased expression of SOX9. SOX9 overexpression in chondrocytes is known to cause cleft palate in mouse. We propose that topiramate mediates upregulation of TGF{beta}1 signaling through activation of {gamma}-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the palate. TGF{beta}1 and SOX9 play critical roles in orofacial morphogenesis, and their abnormal overexpression may underlie the teratogenic effects of topiramate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rafi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olm-Shipman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hipp, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.31.892042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Teratogenic Drug Topiramate Upregulates TGFβ1 and SOX9 Expression in Primary Palatal Mesenchyme Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.896647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scalar Approaches to the stable isotope ecology of late Quaternary Proboscideans in the Midcontinent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.08.896647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stable isotopes of mammoths and mastodons have the potential to illuminate ecological changes in late Pleistocene landscapes and megafaunal populations as these species approached extinction. The ecological factors at play in this extinction remain unresolved, but isotopes of bone collagen ({delta}13C, {delta}15N) and tooth enamel ({delta}13C, {delta}18O, 87Sr/86Sr) from the Midwest, USA are leveraged to examine ecological and behavioral changes that occurred during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Both species had significant C3 contributions to their diets and experienced increasing levels of niche overlap as they approached extinction. A subset of mastodons after the last glacial maximum (LGM) exhibit low {delta}15N values that may represent expansion into a novel ecological niche, perhaps densely occupied by other herbivores. Stable isotopes from serial and micro-sampled enamel show increasing seasonality and decreasing temperatures as mammoths transitioned from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e to glacial conditions (MIS 4, MIS 3, MIS 2). Isotopic variability in enamel suggests mobility patterns and life histories have potentially large impacts on the interpretation of their stable isotope ecology. This study further refines the ecology of midwestern mammoths and mastodons demonstrating increasing seasonality and niche overlap as they responded to landscape changes in the final millennia before extinction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Widga, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodgins, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolis, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lengyel, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wanamaker, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.08.896647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scalar Approaches to the stable isotope ecology of late Quaternary Proboscideans in the Midcontinent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.902809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retrospective Ensemble Docking of Allosteric Modulators in an Adenosine G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.902809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEnsemble docking has proven useful in drug discovery and development. It increases the hit rate by incorporating receptor flexibility into molecular docking as demonstrated on important drug targets including G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) is a key GPCR that has been targeted for treating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries, neuropathic pain and renal diseases. Development of allosteric modulators, compounds binding to distinct and less conserved GPCR target sites compared with agonists and antagonists, has attracted increasing interest for designing selective drugs of the A1AR. Despite significant advances, more effective approaches are needed to discover potent and selective allosteric modulators of the A1AR.

MethodsEnsemble docking that integrates Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamic (GaMD) simulations and molecular docking using Autodock has been implemented for retrospective docking of known positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) in the A1AR.

ResultsEnsemble docking outperforms docking of the receptor cryo-EM structure. The calculated docking enrichment factors (EFs) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) are significantly increased.

ConclusionsReceptor ensembles generated from GaMD simulations are able to increase the success rate of discovering PAMs of A1AR. It is important to account for receptor flexibility through GaMD simulations and flexible docking.

General SignificanceEnsemble docking is a promising approach for drug discovery targeting flexible receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.11.902809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retrospective Ensemble Docking of Allosteric Modulators in an Adenosine G-Protein-Coupled Receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbiome composition differs in hybrid and inbred maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.904979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMacroorganisms genotypes shape their phenotypes, which in turn shape the habitat available to potential microbial symbionts. This influence of host genotype on microbiome composition has been demonstrated in many systems; however, most previous studies have either compared unrelated genotypes or delved into molecular mechanisms. As a result, it is currently unclear whether the heritability of host-associated microbiomes follows similar patterns to the heritability of other complex traits.
C_LIO_LIWe take a new approach to this question by comparing the microbiomes of diverse maize inbred lines and their F1 hybrid offspring, which we quantified in both rhizosphere and leaves of field-grown plants using 16S-v4 and ITS1 amplicon sequencing.
C_LIO_LIWe show that inbred lines and hybrids differ consistently in composition of bacterial and fungal rhizosphere communities, as well as leaf-associated fungal communities. A wide range of microbiome features display heterosis within individual crosses, consistent with patterns for non-microbial maize phenotypes. For leaf microbiomes, these results were supported by the observation that broad-sense heritability in hybrids was substantially higher than narrow-sense heritability.
C_LIO_LIOur results support our hypothesis that at least some heterotic host traits affect microbiome composition in maize.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holland, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.904979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbiome composition differs in hybrid and inbred maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.905208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dispersal limitation and fire feedbacks maintain mesic savannas in Madagascar 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.905208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Madagascar is regarded by some as one of the most degraded landscapes on Earth, with estimates suggesting that 90% of forests have been lost to indigenous Tavy farming. However, the extent of this degradation has been challenged: paleoecological data, phylogeographic analysis, and species diversity maps indicate that pyrogenic savannas in Central Madagascar pre-date human arrival, even though rainfall is sufficient to allow forest expansion into Central Madagascar. These observations raise a question--if savannas in Madagascar are not anthropogenic, how then are they maintained in regions where the climate can support forest? Observation reveals that the savanna-forest boundary coincides with a dispersal barrier--the escarpment of the Central Plateau. Using a stepping-stone model, we show that in a limited dispersal landscape, a stable savanna-forest boundary can form due to fire-vegetation feedbacks. This novel phenomenon, referred to as range pinning, could explain why eastern lowland forests have not expanded into the mesic savannas of the Central Highlands. This work challenges the view that highland savannas in Madagascar are derived by human-lit fires and, more importantly, suggests that partial dispersal barriers and strong non-linear feedbacks can pin biogeographical boundaries over a wide range of environmental conditions, providing a temporary buffer against climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vleck, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleman, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staver, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.905208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dispersal limitation and fire feedbacks maintain mesic savannas in Madagascar]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WNT and inflammatory signaling distinguish human Fallopian tube epithelial cell populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.908293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A substantial fraction of ovarian/extra-uterine high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) likely originate in the distal region of the Fallopian tubes epithelium (TE) before implanting/metastasizing to the ovary. Unfortunately, molecular and cellular mechanisms rendering preferential cancer susceptibility of the human distal TE remain insufficiently elucidated, largely due to limited primary human TE gene expression data. Here we report an in depth bioinformatic characterization of 34 primary TE cell mRNA-seq samples. These samples were prepared from the proximal and distal TE regions of 12 normal Fallopian tubes. TE cells were segregated based on their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. As compared to the proximal TE, cells from the distal region form organoids with higher frequency and larger size during serial organoid formation assays. Consistent with enrichment for organoid-forming stem/progenitor cells, ALDH+ cells have greater WNT signaling activity. Comparative evaluation of proximal and distal TE cell populations shows heightened inflammatory signaling in distal differentiated (ALDH-) TE. Furthermore, comparisons of proximal and distal TE cell populations finds that the distal TE express gene sets characteristic of four HGSC molecular sub-types, and that distal ALDH+ cell populations exhibit greater enrichment than their ALDH-counterparts. Taken together, our study shows that increased organoid forming capacity, WNT and inflammatory signaling, and HGSC signatures underlie the differences between distal and proximal regions of the human TE. These findings provide the basis for further mechanistic studies of distal TE susceptibility to the malignant transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rose, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bidarimath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flesken-Nikitin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitin, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.908293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WNT and inflammatory signaling distinguish human Fallopian tube epithelial cell populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.906156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced function of the glutathione S-transferase S1 suppresses behavioral hyperexcitability in Drosophila expressing a mutant voltage-gated sodium channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.906156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels play a central role in the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells such as neurons and muscles. To determine how the phenotypes of Nav-channel mutants are affected by other genes, we performed a forward genetic screen for dominant modifiers of the seizure-prone, gain-of-function Drosophila melanogaster Nav-channel mutant, paraShu. Our analyses using chromosome deficiencies, gene-specific RNA interference, and single-gene mutants revealed that a null allele of glutathione S-transferase S1 (GstS1) dominantly suppresses paraShu phenotypes. Reduced GstS1 function also suppressed phenotypes of other seizure-prone Nav-channel mutants, paraGEFS+ and parabss. Notably, paraShu mutants expressed 50% less GstS1 than wild-type flies, further supporting the notion that paraShu and GstS1 interact functionally. Introduction of a loss-of-function GstS1 mutation into a paraShu background led to up- and down-regulation of various genes, with those encoding cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes most significantly over-represented in this group. Because GstS1 is a fly ortholog of mammalian hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, and in mammals CYPs are involved in the oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids including prostaglandins, our results raise the intriguing possibility that bioactive lipids play a role in GstS1-mediated suppression of paraShu phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasuya, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansdon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaas, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodders, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kitamoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.21.906156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced function of the glutathione S-transferase S1 suppresses behavioral hyperexcitability in Drosophila expressing a mutant voltage-gated sodium channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.917187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.23.917187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the genetic causes of evolutionary diversification is challenging because differences across species are complex, often involving many genes. However, cases where single or few genetic loci affect a feature that varies dramatically across a radiation of species would provide tractable opportunities to understand the genetics of diversification. Here, we show the diversification of bioluminescent signals in cypridinid ostracods ("sea fireflies") to be strongly influenced by a single gene, cypridinid-luciferase. We find different evolutionary processes, including selection, drift, and constraint, each acted on c-luciferase at different times during evolutionary history and impacted different phenotypes, diversifying behavioral signals across species. In particular, some amino acid sites in c-luciferase evolved under episodic diversifying selection, and are associated significantly with phenotypic changes in both enzyme kinetics and color, which impact signals directly. We also find that multiple other amino acid positions in c-luciferase evolved neutrally or under purifying selection and may have impacted the variation of color of bioluminescent signals across genera. This work provides a rare glimpse into the genetic basis of diversification across many species, showing how multiple evolutionary processes may act at different times during a radiation of species to diversify phenotypes. These results indicate not only selection but also drift and constraint may be important evolutionary drivers of species diversification.

Significance statementA hallmark of life is its astounding diversity. While we are beginning to understand the drivers of biodiversity, uncovering the genetic basis remains challenging. As such, how different molecular evolutionary processes act to diversify phenotypes is a major question in biology. Here we show a single gene to be important in a riotous diversity of fantastical behaviors - the bioluminescent signals of sea fireflies - allowing us to demonstrate multiple evolutionary forces including selection, drift, and constraint contributed to diversification. Our work highlights that not only selection but also neutral processes and constraint have each worked at different times to shape phenotypic diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hensley, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, N. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coupart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikhailovsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taketa, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tessler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruber, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Tomaso, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrish, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.23.917187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular evolution of luciferase diversified bioluminescent signals in sea fireflies (Crustacea:Ostracoda:Cypridinidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.918805v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early life stress reduces voluntary exercise and its prevention of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.918805v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. One environmental factor found to be significantly associated with MetS is early life stress (ELS). We have previously reported on our mouse model of ELS, induced by neonatal maternal separation (NMS), that displays altered regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased sensitivity in the urogenital organs, which was attenuated by voluntary wheel running. Here, we are using our NMS model to determine if ELS-induced changes in the HPA axis also influence weight gain and MetS. Naive (non-stressed) and NMS male mice were given free access to a running wheel and a low-fat control diet at 4-weeks of age. At 16-weeks of age, half of the mice were transitioned to a high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet to investigate if NMS influences the effectiveness of voluntary exercise to prevent diet-induced obesity and MetS. Overall, we observed a greater impact of voluntary exercise on prevention of HFS diet-induced outcomes in naive mice, compared to NMS mice. Although body weight and fat mass were still significantly higher, exercise attenuated fasting insulin levels and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in epididymal adipose tissue in HFS diet-fed naive mice. Only moderate changes were observed in exercised NMS mice on a HFS diet, although this could partially be explained by reduced running distance within this group. Interestingly, sedentary NMS mice on a control diet displayed impaired glucose homeostasis and moderately increased pro-inflammatory mRNA levels in epididymal adipose, suggesting that early life stress alone impairs metabolic function and negatively impacts the therapeutic effect of voluntary exercise.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eller-Smith, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.24.918805</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early life stress reduces voluntary exercise and its prevention of diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.920165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thm2 interacts with paralog, Thm1, and sensitizes to Hedgehog signaling in postnatal skeletogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.26.920165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ciliopathies are genetic syndromes that link osteochondrodysplasias to dysfunction of primary cilia. Primary cilia extend from the surface of bone and cartilage cells, to receive extracellular cues and mediate signaling pathways. Mutations in several genes that encode components of the intraflagellar transport-A ciliary protein complex have been identified in skeletal ciliopathies, including THM1. Here, we report a role for genetic interaction between Thm1 and its paralog, Thm2, in skeletogenesis. THM2 localizes to the ciliary axoneme, but unlike its paralog, Thm2 deficiency does not affect ciliogenesis and Thm2-null mice survive into adulthood. Since paralogs often have redundant functions, we crossed a Thm1 null (aln) allele into the Thm2 colony. After 5 generations of backcrossing the colony onto a C57BL6/J background, we observed that by postnatal day 14, Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ mice are smaller than control littermates. Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ mice exhibit shortened long bones, narrow ribcage, shortened cranium and mandibular defects. Mutant mice also show aberrant architecture of the tibial growth plate, with an expanded proliferation zone and diminished hypertrophic zone, indicating impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Using microcomputed tomography, Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ tibia were revealed to have reduced cortical and trabecular bone mineral density. Deletion of one allele of Gli2, a major transcriptional activator of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, exacerbated the small phenotype of Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ mice and caused small stature in Thm2-null mice. Together, these data reveal Thm2 as a novel locus that sensitizes to Hh signaling in skeletal development. Further, Thm2-/-; Thm1aln/+ mice present a new postnatal ciliopathy model of osteochondrodysplasia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allard, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pottorf, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumtaz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bumann, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.26.920165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thm2 interacts with paralog, Thm1, and sensitizes to Hedgehog signaling in postnatal skeletogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin features define adaptive genomic regions in a fungal plant pathogen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.921486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the complex information stored in a genome remains challenging since multiple connected regulatory mechanisms act at various scales to determine function. Increased comprehension of genome function at scales beyond contiguous nucleotides will help understand genetic diseases, the emergence of pathogenesis, and more broadly the genomics of adaptation. Here we report the analysis of DNA methylation, histone modification, and DNA accessibility in the plant pathogenic vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae. Functional analysis details that DNA methylation is restricted to repetitive elements, such as transposable element DNA, but interestingly only some repetitive DNA is methylated. This incomplete DNA methylation is associated with repetitive DNA residing in specific compartments of the genome that were previously defined as Lineage-Specific (LS) regions. These regions are hypervariable between V. dahliae isolates and contain genes that support host colonization and adaptive traits. LS regions are associated with H3 Lys-27 methylated histones (H3K27me3), and repetitive DNA within LS regions are more transcriptionally active and have increased DNA accessibility, representing a hybrid chromatin state when compared to repetitive regions within the core genome. We used machine learning algorithms trained on epigenetic and DNA accessibility data to predict LS regions with high recall, identifying approximately twice as much LS DNA in the V. dahliae genome as previously recognized. Collectively, these results characterize LS regions in an intermediate chromatin state and provide evidence that links chromatin features and genome architecture to adaptive regions within the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cook, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kramer, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidl, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomma, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.27.921486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin features define adaptive genomic regions in a fungal plant pathogen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.917278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional characterization of clinical isolates of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus nidulans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.917278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aspergillus nidulans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen in patients with immunodeficiency and virulence of A. nidulans isolates has mainly been studied in the context of the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), with characterization of clinical isolates obtained from non-CGD patients remaining elusive. This study therefore carried out a detailed biological characterization of two A. nidulans clinical isolates (CIs), obtained from a patient with breast carcinoma and pneumonia and from a patient with cystic fibrosis that underwent lung transplantation, and compared them to the reference, non-clinical A4 strain. Both CIs presented increased growth in comparison to the reference strain in the presence of physiologically-relevant carbon sources. Metabolomic analyses showed that the three strains are metabolically very different from each other in these carbon sources. Furthermore, the CIs were highly susceptible to cell wall perturbing agents but not to other physiologically-relevant stresses. Genome analyses identified several frame-shift variants in genes encoding cell wall integrity (CWI) signalling components. Significant differences in CWI signalling were confirmed by western blotting among the three strains. In vivo virulence studies using several different models revealed that strain MO80069 had significantly higher virulence in hosts with impaired neutrophil function when compared to the other strains. In summary, this study presents detailed biological characterization of two A. nidulans sensu stricto clinical isolates. Just like in A. fumigatus, strain heterogeneity exists in A. nidulans clinical strains that can define virulence traits. Further studies are required to fully characterize A. nidulans strain-specific virulence traits and pathogenicity.

ImportanceImmunocompromised patients are susceptible to infections with opportunistic filamentous fungi from the genus Aspergillus. Although A. fumigatus is the main etiological agent of Aspergillus spp.-related infections, other species, such as A. nidulans are prevalent in a condition-specific manner. A. nidulans is a predominant infective agent in patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). A. nidulans isolates have mainly been studied in the context of CGD, although infection with A. nidulans also occurs in non-CGD patients. This study carried out a detailed biological characterization of two non-CGD A. nidulans clinical isolates and compared it to a reference strain. Phenotypic, metabolomic and genomic analyses highlight fundamental differences in carbon source utilization, stress responses and maintenance of cell wall integrity among the strains. One clinical strain had increased virulence in models with impaired neutrophil function. Just as in A. fumigatus, strain heterogeneity exists in A. nidulans clinical strains that can define virulence traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bastos, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauer, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva-Rocha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lind, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenwyk, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resendiz-Sharpe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagrou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcet-Houben, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabaldon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loures, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almeida, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huttenlocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ries, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.917278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional characterization of clinical isolates of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus nidulans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.924191v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiscale modelling of motility wave propagation in cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.924191v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The collective motion of cell monolayers within a tissue is a fundamental biological process that occurs during tissue formation, wound healing, cancerous invasion, and viral infection. Experiments have shown that at the onset of migration, the motility is self-generated as a polarization wave starting from the leading edge of the monolayer and progressively propagates into the bulk. However, it is unclear how the propagation of this motility wave is influenced by cellular properties. Here, we investigate this using a computational model based on the Potts model coupled to the dynamics of intracellular polarization. The model captures the propagation of the polarization wave initiated at the leading edge and suggests that the cells cortex can regulate the migration modes: strongly contractile cells may depolarize the monolayer, whereas less contractile cells can form swirling movement. Cortical contractility is further found to limit the cells motility, which (i) decelerates the wave speed and the leading edge progression, and (ii) destabilises the leading edge into migration fingers. Together, our model describes how different cellular properties can contribute to the regulation of collective cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khataee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.924191</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiscale modelling of motility wave propagation in cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomics of monitor lizards and the role of competition in dictating body size disparity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.02.931188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organismal interactions drive the accumulation of diversity by influencing species ranges, morphology, and behavior. Interactions vary from agonistic to cooperative and should result in predictable patterns in trait and range evolution. However, despite a conceptual understanding of these processes, they have been difficult to model, particularly on macroevolutionary timescales and across broad geographic spaces. Here we investigate the influence of biotic interactions on trait evolution and community assembly in monitor lizards (Varanus). Monitors are an iconic radiation with a cosmopolitan distribution and the greatest size disparity of any living terrestrial vertebrate genus. Between the colossal Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis and the smallest Australian dwarf goannas, Varanus length and mass vary by multiple orders of magnitude. To test the hypothesis that size variation in this genus was driven by character displacement, we extended existing phylogenetic comparative methods which consider lineage interactions to account for dynamic biogeographic history and apply these methods to Australian monitors and marsupial predators. We use a phylogenomic approach to estimate the relationships among living and extinct varaniform lizards, incorporating both exon-capture molecular and morphological datasets. Our results suggest that communities of Australian Varanus show high functional diversity as a result of continent-wide interspecific competition among monitors but not with faunivorous marsupials. We demonstrate that patterns of trait evolution resulting from character displacement on continental scales are recoverable from comparative data and highlight that these macroevolutionary patterns may develop in parallel across widely distributed sympatric groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brennan, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmon, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moriarty Lemmon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portik, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weijola, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnellan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keogh, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.02.931188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomics of monitor lizards and the role of competition in dictating body size disparity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PICH translocase activity is required for proper distribution of SUMOylated proteins on mitotic chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper chromosome segregation is essential for faithful cell division and if not maintained results in defective cell function caused by abnormal distribution of genetic information. Polo-like kinase 1 interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a DNA translocase essential in chromosome bridge resolution during mitosis. Its function in resolving chromosome bridges requires both DNA translocase activity and ability to bind chromosomal proteins modified by Small Ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). However, it is unclear how these activities are cooperating to resolve chromosome bridges. Here, we show that PICH specifically promotes the organization of SUMOylated proteins like SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα (TopoIIα) on mitotic chromosomes. Conditional depletion of PICH using the Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) system resulted in the retention of SUMOylated chromosomal proteins, including TopoIIα, indicating that PICH functions to control proper association of these proteins with chromosomes. Replacement of PICH with its mutants showed that PICH is required for the proper organization of SUMOylated proteins on chromosomes. In vitro assays showed that PICH specifically attenuates SUMOylated TopoIIα activity using its SUMO-binding ability. Taken together, we propose a novel function of PICH in remodeling SUMOylated proteins to ensure faithful chromosome segregation.Summary Statement Polo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) interacts with SUMOylated proteins to mediate proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The results demonstrate that PICH controls association of SUMOylated chromosomal proteins, including Topoisomerase IIα, and that function requires PICH translocase activity and SUMO binding ability.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.AbbreviationsTopoIIαTopoisomerase IIαPICHPolo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicaseSPRStrand passage reactionSUMOSmall ubiquitin-like modifierXEEXenopus egg extractCSFCytostatic factordnUbc9dominant negative E2 SUMO-conjugating enzymeSENPSentrin-specific proteasePIASProtein inhibitor of activated STATSIMSUMO-interacting-motifView Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hassebroek, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerbakken, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaoutov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.06.937243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PICH translocase activity is required for proper distribution of SUMOylated proteins on mitotic chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A gatekeeping role of ESR2 to maintain the primordial follicle reserve 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.937953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the entire reproductive lifespan in mammals, a fixed number of primordial follicles serve as the source of mature oocytes. Uncontrolled and excessive activation of primordial follicles can lead to depletion of the ovarian reserve. We observed that disruption of ESR2-signaling results in increased activation of primordial follicles in Esr2-null (Esr2-/-) rats. However, follicle assembly was unaffected, and the total number of follicles remained comparable between neonatal wildtype and Esr2-/- ovaries. While the activated follicle counts were increased in Esr2-/- ovary, the number of primordial follicles were markedly decreased. Excessive recruitment of primordial follicles led to premature ovarian senescence in Esr2-/- rats and was associated with reduced levels of serum AMH and estradiol. Disruption of ESR2-signaling through administration of a selective antagonist (PHTPP) increased the number of activated follicles in wildtype rats, whereas a selective agonist (DPN) decreased follicle activation. In contrast, primordial follicle activation was not increased in the absence of ESR1 indicating that the regulation of primordial follicle activation is ESR2-specific. Follicle activation was also increased in Esr2-mutants lacking the DNA-binding domain, suggesting a role for the canonical transcriptional activation function. Both primordial and activated follicles express ESR2 suggesting a direct regulatory role for ESR2 within these follicles. We also detected that loss of ESR2 augmented the activation of AKT, ERK and mTOR pathways. Our results indicate that the lack of ESR2 upregulated both granulosa and oocyte factors, which can facilitate AKT and mTOR activation in Esr2-/- ovaries leading to increased activation of primordial follicles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roby, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.06.937953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A gatekeeping role of ESR2 to maintain the primordial follicle reserve]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.943878v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trait-based aerial dispersal of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.943878v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIDispersal is a key process driving local-scale community assembly and global-scale biogeography of plant symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. A trait-based approach could improve predictions regarding how AM fungal aerial dispersal varies by species.
C_LIO_LIWe conducted month-long collections of aerial AM fungi for 12 consecutive months in an urban mesic environment at heights of 20 m. We measured functional traits of all collected spores and assessed aerial AM fungal community structure both morphologically and with high-throughput sequencing.
C_LIO_LILarge numbers of AM fungal spores were present in the air over the course of one year and these spores were more likely to exhibit traits that facilitate dispersal. Aerial spores were smaller than average for Glomeromycotinan fungi. Trait-based predictions indicate that nearly 1/3 of described species from diverse genera demonstrate the potential for aerial dispersal. Diversity of aerial AM fungi was relatively high (20 spore species and 17 virtual taxa) and both spore abundance and community structure shifted temporally.
C_LIO_LIThe prevalence of aerial dispersal in arbuscular mycorrhizas is perhaps greater than previously indicated and a hypothesized model of AM fungal dispersal mechanisms is presented. Anthropogenic soil impacts may initiate the dispersal of disturbance-tolerating AM fungal species and facilitate community homogenization.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolimal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosa Hernandez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kastens, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.943878</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trait-based aerial dispersal of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.965277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The predicted RNA-binding protein ETR-1/CELF1 acts in muscles to regulate neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.965277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroblast migration is a critical aspect of nervous system development (e.g., neural crest migration). In an unbiased forward genetic screen, we identified a novel player in neuroblast migration, the ETR-1/CELF1 RNA binding protein. CELF1 RNA binding proteins are involved in multiple aspects of RNA processing including alternative splicing, stability, and translation. We find that a specific mutation in alternatively-spliced exon 8 results in migration defects of the AQR and PQR neurons, and not the embryonic lethality and body wall muscle defects of complete knockdown of the locus. Surprisingly, ETR-1 was required in body wall muscle cells for AQR/PQR migration (i.e. it acts cell non-autonomously). Genetic interactions indicate that ETR-1 acts with Wnt signaling, either in the Wnt pathway or in a parallel pathway. Possibly, ETR-1 is involved in the production of a Wnt signal or a parallel signal by the body wall muscles that controls AQR and PQR neuronal migration. In humans, CELF1 is involved in a number of neuromuscular disorders. If the role of ETR-1/CELF1 is conserved, these disorders might also involve cell or neuronal migration. Finally, we describe a technique of amplicon sequencing to detect rare, cell-specific genome edits by CRISPR/Cas9 in vivo (CRISPR-seq) as an alternative to the T7E1 assay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ochs, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josephson, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.965277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The predicted RNA-binding protein ETR-1/CELF1 acts in muscles to regulate neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.976209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Theoretical analysis of neural crest cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.976209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural crest cells are embryonic stem cells that migrate throughout embryos and, at different target locations, give rise to the formation of a variety of tissues and organs. The directional migration of the neural crest cells is experimentally described using a process referred to as contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), by which cells redirect their movement upon the cell-cell contacts. However, it is unclear how the migration alignment is affected by the motility properties of the cells. Here, we computationally model the migration alignment and the average time to reach a target location as functions of the motility dynamics and interaction of the cells in an open domain with a channel geometry. The results indicate that by varying the properties of the CIL interaction a transition takes place from random movement of the cells to an organized collective migration, where the migration alignment is maximised and the migration time is minimised. This phase transition is accelerated and strengthened with the influx rate of the cells into the domain through increasing the density of the migrating cells. The model further suggests that the migration is more coordinated when the cells with a large CIL radius move fast in a narrow domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khataee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neufeld, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.976209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Theoretical analysis of neural crest cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparative analysis of Caenorhabditis and Drosophila transcriptional changes in response to pathogen infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.977595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans are well-used invertebrate models for studying the innate immune system. The organisms are susceptible to bacterial pathogens that include Pseudomonas species, (entomophilia - Drosophila) or (aeruginosa - Caenorhabditis), E. faecalis and P. rettgeri, which are or are related to human pathogens. Further, the consequences of exposure to these pathogens, in terms of organismal survival, are roughly equivalent when compared. That is, worms and flies are more susceptible to infection by Pseudomonas than E. faecalis, whereas organismal survival on E. faecalis and P. rettgeri are roughly the same in both. To better understand how these organisms are coordinating their responses to these bacterial pathogens we examined transcriptomes in infected animals. We grouped our analysis based on protein orthology. Of the 3611 pairs analyzed, we found genes whose responses were conserved across the different species at a higher than expected rate for two of the three pathogens. Interestingly within the animals, genes with 1:1 orthologs between species behaved differently. Such genes were more likely to be expressed in D. melanogaster, and less likely to be expressed in C. elegans. From this analysis we found that the gene nucleobindin (nucb-1/NUCB1 in C. elegans and D. melanogaster, respectively) was upregulated in both species in response to Gram negative bacteria. We used RNAi to knock down nucb-1 and found the treated animals were more susceptible to infection by the Gram negative pathogen P. rettgeri than controls. These results provide insight into some of the conserved mechanisms of pathogen defense, but also suggest that these divergent organisms have evolved specific means to orchestrate the defense against pathogens.

Article SummaryWe analyzed transcriptomic data from C. elegans and D. melanogaster to compare the expression of orthologous pairs of genes in response to bacterial pathogens. Our results indicated that only a handful of genes that are orthologous between species are differentially expressed in response to pathogens, but that the pattern of expression was different when comparing one-to-one orthologs versus those that are restricted to one of the two organisms. These results suggest that, although broad patterns of susceptibility to bacterial pathogens are conserved, the regulatory framework by which the organisms fight pathogens is less well conserved. Further our results suggest a more complete analysis of the evolutionary changes in organismal responses to pathogens is required.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lansdon, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.977595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparative analysis of Caenorhabditis and Drosophila transcriptional changes in response to pathogen infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of γ-Secretase Activation and Substrate Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.984534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid {beta}-peptide, the principal component of characteristic cerebral plaques of Alzheimers disease (AD), is produced through intramembrane proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by {gamma}-secretase. Despite the importance in pathogenesis of AD, the mechanisms of intramembrane proteolysis and substrate processing by {gamma}-secretase remain poorly understood. Here, complementary all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method and biochemical experiments were combined to investigate substrate processing of wildtype and mutant APP by {gamma}-secretase. The GaMD simulations captured spontaneous activation of {gamma}-secretase, with hydrogen bonded catalytic aspartates and water poised for proteolysis of APP at the {varepsilon} cleavage site. Furthermore, GaMD simulations revealed that familial AD mutations I45F and T48P enhanced the initial {varepsilon} cleavage between residues Leu49-Val50, while M51F mutation shifted the {varepsilon} cleavage site to the amide bond between Thr48-Leu49. Detailed analysis of the GaMD simulations allowed us to identify distinct low-energy conformational states of {gamma}-secretase, different secondary structures of the wildtype and mutant APP substrate, and important active-site sub-pockets for catalytic function of the enzyme. The simulation findings were highly consistent with experimental analyses of APP proteolytic products using mass spectrometry and western blotting. Taken together, the GaMD simulations and biochemical experiments have enabled us to elucidate the mechanisms of {gamma}-secretase activation and substrate processing, which should facilitate rational computer-aided drug design targeting this functionally important enzyme.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.984534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of γ-Secretase Activation and Substrate Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.985911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlling the Growth of the Skin Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis Using D-Alanine Auxotrophy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.985911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using live microbes as therapeutic candidates is a strategy that has gained traction across multiple therapeutic areas. In the skin, commensal microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining skin barrier function, homeostasis, and cutaneous immunity. Alterations of the homeostatic skin microbiome are associated with a number of skin diseases. Here, we present the design of an engineered commensal organism, Staphylococcus epidermidis, for use as a live biotherapeutic product (LBP) candidate for skin diseases. The development of novel bacterial strains whose growth can be controlled without the use of antibiotics, or genetic elements conferring antibiotic resistance, enables modulation of therapeutic exposure and improves safety. We therefore constructed an auxotrophic strain of S. epidermidis that requires exogenously supplied D-alanine. The S. epidermidis strain, NRRL B-4268 {Delta}alr1{Delta}alr2{Delta}dat (SE{Delta}{Delta}{Delta}) contains deletions of three biosynthetic genes: two alanine racemase genes, alr1 and alr2 (SE1674 and SE1079), and the D-alanine aminotransferase gene, dat (SE1423). These three deletions restricted growth in D-alanine deficient media, pooled human blood, and skin. In the presence of D-alanine, SE{Delta}{Delta}{Delta} colonized and increased expression of human {beta}-defensin 2 in cultured human skin models in vitro. SE{Delta}{Delta}{Delta}, showed a low propensity to revert to D-alanine prototrophy, and did not form biofilms on plastic in vitro. These studies support the potential safety and utility of SE{Delta}{Delta}{Delta} as a live biotherapeutic strain whose growth can be controlled by D-alanine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whitfill, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dodds, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dube, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkarni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mootien-Boyd, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munivar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pestrak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajpura, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikhonov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turecek, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.985911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlling the Growth of the Skin Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis Using D-Alanine Auxotrophy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.985168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeding-dependent tentacle development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.985168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In cnidarians, axial patterning is not restricted to embryonic development but continues throughout a prolonged life history filled with unpredictable environmental changes. How this developmental capacity copes with fluctuations of food availability and whether it recapitulates embryonic mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we utilize the tentacles of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as a novel paradigm for developmental patterning across distinct life history stages. As a result of embryonic development, Nematostella polyps feature four primary tentacles, while adults have 16 or more. By analyzing over 1000 growing polyps, we find that tentacle progression is remarkably stereotyped and occurs in a feeding-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we show that discrete Fibroblast growth factor receptor b (Fgfrb)-positive ring muscles prefigure the sites of new tentacles in unfed polyps. In response to feeding, a Target of Rapamycin (TOR)-dependent mechanism controls the expansion of Fgfrb expression in oral tissues which defines tentacle primordia. Using a combination of genetic, cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrate that FGFRb regionally enhances TOR signaling activity and promotes polarized growth, a spatial pattern that is restricted to polyp but not to embryonic tentacle primordia. These findings reveal an unexpected plasticity of tentacle development, and show that the crosstalk between TOR-mediated nutrient signaling and FGFRb pathway couples post-embryonic body patterning with food availability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ikmi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbergen, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anzo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMullen, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stokkermans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellington, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.985168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeding-dependent tentacle development in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant p53 suppresses innate immune signaling to promote tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.12.989384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor occur very frequently in human cancer. Often, such mutations lead to the constitutive overproduction of mutant p53 (mtp53) proteins, which can exert a cancer-promoting gain-of-function (GOF). We have identified a novel mechanism by which mtp53 controls both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous signaling to promote cancer cell survival and suppress tumor immune surveillance. Mtp53 interferes with the function of the cytoplasmic DNA sensing machinery, cGAS-STING-TBK1-IRF3, that controls the activation of the innate immune response. We find that mtp53, but not wildtype p53, binds to TANK binding protein kinase (TBK1) and inhibits both its basal and agonist-induced activity. The association of mtp53 with TBK1 prevents the formation of a trimeric complex between TBK1-STING-IRF3, which is required for activation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of IRF3. Mtp53 knockdown restores TBK1 activity, resulting in the transcriptional induction of IRF3 target genes and IRF3-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, inactivation of innate immune signaling by mtp53 alters cytokine production resulting in immune evasion. Restored TBK1 signaling was sufficient to bypass mtp53 and reactivate cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous tumor control. Thus, overriding mtp53s inhibition of this cytosolic DNA sensing pathway may ultimately lead to restored immune cell function and cancer cell eradication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettke, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrales, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwakuma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Velden, A. W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.12.989384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant p53 suppresses innate immune signaling to promote tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.028050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing the Effect of the Toba Volcanic Eruption on Population Sizes in Worldwide Mammal Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.028050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The volcanic eruption of Toba in northern Sumatra at 71 kyBP ({+/-}5 kyBP) emitted sulfur gas and deposited thick layers of dust throughout the surrounding region. It is thought to have had a significant and dramatic cooling impact on the paleoclimate worldwide. Ambrose [1] conjectured this to be the cause of the contemporaneous (50-100 kyBP) population bottleneck observed in humans. We hypothesize that a volcanic winter of sufficient magnitude to cause a population bottleneck in humans would similarly affect other mammals. To test this hypothesis, we estimated pairwise mismatch distributions using mtDNA control region sequences of 28 mammal species archived on NCBI to assess whether each species underwent a population bottleneck. For any species fitting the sudden expansion model, we estimated the timing of the bottleneck and compared it to the date range of the Toba eruption. Only 3 of the 28 species show evidence of rapid population expansion overlapping in time with the Toba eruption. Therefore, the hypothesis that the volcanic winter triggered by the Toba eruption caused a significant bottleneck impacting mammal species worldwide is not supported by mitochondrial evidence. Our results question the hypothesis that the Toba eruption contributed to the bottleneck observed in humans at this time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Torosin, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.028050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing the Effect of the Toba Volcanic Eruption on Population Sizes in Worldwide Mammal Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing Rev1 Catalyze Protein-template DNA Synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.036236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During DNA replication, replicative DNA polymerases may encounter DNA lesions, which can stall replication forks. One way to prevent replication fork stalling is through the recruitment of specialized translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases that have evolved to incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions. Rev1 is a specialized TLS polymerase that bypasses abasic sites as well as minor-groove and exocyclic guanine adducts. It does this by using a unique protein-template mechanism in which the template base is flipped out of the DNA helix and the incoming dCTP hydrogen bonds with an arginine side chain. To observe Rev1 catalysis at the atomic level, we employed time-lapse X-ray crystallography. We found that Rev1 flips out the template base prior to binding the incoming nucleotide. Binding the incoming nucleotide changes the conformation of the DNA substrate to orient it for nucleotidyl transfer, and this is not coupled to large structural changes in the protein like those observed with other DNA polymerases. Moreover, we found that following nucleotide incorporation, Rev1 converts the pyrophosphate product to two mono-phosphates, which drives the reaction in the forward direction. Following nucleotide incorporation, the hydrogen bonds between the incorporated nucleotide and the arginine side chain are broken, but the templating base remains extrahelical. These post-catalytic changes prevent potentially mutagenic processive synthesis by Rev1 and facilitate dissociation of the DNA product from the enzyme.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoang, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.036236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing Rev1 Catalyze Protein-template DNA Synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.042572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary divergence of potential drought adaptations between two subspecies of an annual plant: Do some constraints need to be broken? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.042572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PremiseWhether mechanisms of drought adaptation tend to evolve together, evolve independently, and/or evolve constrained by genetic architecture is incompletely resolved, particularly for water-relations traits besides gas exchange. We addressed this question in two subspecies of Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae), California winter annuals that diverged approximately 65,000 years ago and that are adapted, partly by differences in flowering time, to native ranges that differ in precipitation.

MethodsIn these subspecies and in F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between them we scored drought-adaptation traits related to phenology (times to seed germination and to flowering) and tissue water relations (measures of succulence; pressure-volume curve parameters), in common environments.

ResultsSubspecies differed distinctly. The one native to more arid environments had some trait values associated with drought adaptation (e.g., early flowering and high succulence) but had higher osmotic potential at full turgor and lost turgor at higher water potential, indicating poorer tolerance of dehydration. Traits that differed between subspecies exhibited substantial genetic variation, with broad-sense heritability from 0.09 (stem succulence) to 0.43 (time to flowering). The genetic correlation structure suggests facilitated evolution of some trait combinations that might enhance drought adaptation (e.g., high succulence plus low turgor loss point), but the subspecies exhibit some trait combinations that do not follow genetic correlations.

ConclusionsAs lineages diverged in their potential to escape drought by early flowering, other traits diverged as well. Genetic architecture might facilitate some correlated evolutionary responses to drought, but particular trait combinations also can evolve despite apparent genetic constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burnette, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eckhart, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.16.042572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary divergence of potential drought adaptations between two subspecies of an annual plant: Do some constraints need to be broken?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.047480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coronavirus Infection and PARP Expression Dysregulate the NAD Metabolome: A Potentially Actionable Component of Innate Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.047480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) superfamily members covalently link either a single ADP-ribose (ADPR) or a chain of ADPR units to proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as the source of ADPR. While the well-known poly-ADP-ribosylating (PARylating) PARPs primarily function in the DNA damage response, many non-canonical mono-ADP-ribosylating (MARylating) PARPs are associated with cellular antiviral responses. We recently demonstrated robust upregulation of several PARPs following infection with Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV), a model coronavirus. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection strikingly upregulates MARylating PARPs and induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes for salvage NAD synthesis from nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), while downregulating other NAD biosynthetic pathways. We show that overexpression of PARP10 is sufficient to depress cellular NAD and that the activities of the transcriptionally induced enzymes PARP7, PARP10, PARP12 and PARP14 are limited by cellular NAD and can be enhanced by pharmacological activation of NAD synthesis. We further demonstrate that infection with MHV induces a severe attack on host cell NAD+ and NADP+. Finally, we show that NAMPT activation, NAM and NR dramatically decrease the replication of an MHV virus that is sensitive to PARP activity. These data suggest that the antiviral activities of noncanonical PARP isozyme activities are limited by the availability of NAD, and that nutritional and pharmacological interventions to enhance NAD levels may boost innate immunity to coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heer, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trammell, S. A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.17.047480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coronavirus Infection and PARP Expression Dysregulate the NAD Metabolome: A Potentially Actionable Component of Innate Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.049601v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caught in the Act: Anthrax Toxin Translocation Complex Reveals insight into the Lethal Factor Unfolding and Refolding mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.049601v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Translocation is essential to the anthrax toxin mechanism. Protective antigen (PA), the translocon component of this AB toxin, forms an oligomeric pore with three key clamp sites that aid in the efficient entry of lethal factor (LF) or edema factor (EF), the enzymatic components of the toxin, into the cell. LF and EF translocate through the PA pore (PApore) with the pH gradient between the endosome and the cytosol facilitating rapid translocation in vivo. Structural details of the translocation process have remained elusive despite their biological importance. To overcome the technical challenges of studying translocation intermediates, we developed a novel method to immobilize, transition, and stabilize anthrax toxin to mimic important physiological steps in the intoxication process. Here, we report a cryoEM snapshot of PApore translocating the N-terminal domain of LF (LFN). The resulting 3.3 [A] structure of the complex shows density of partially unfolded LFN near the canonical PApore binding site as well as in the  clamp, the {Phi} clamp, and the charge clamp. We also observe density consistent with an  helix emerging from the 100 [A] {beta} barrel channel suggesting LF secondary structural elements begin to refold in the pore channel. We conclude the anthrax toxin {beta} barrel aids in efficient folding of its enzymatic payload prior to channel exit. Our hypothesized refolding mechanism has broader implications for pore length of other protein translocating toxins.

Significance StatementToxins like the anthrax toxin aid bacteria in establishing an infection, evading the immune system, and proliferating inside a host. The anthrax toxin, a proteinaceous AB toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis, consists of lethal factor and protective antigen. In this work, we explore the molecular details of lethal factor translocation through protective antigen pore necessary for cellular entry. Our cryo electron microscopy results provide evidence of lethal factor secondary structure refolding prior to protective antigen pore exit. Similar to the ribosome exit tunnel, the toxin pore channel likely contributes to native folding of lethal factor. We predict other AB toxins with extended pores also initiate substrate refolding inside the translocon for effective intoxication during bacterial infection, evasion, and proliferation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Machen, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.049601</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caught in the Act: Anthrax Toxin Translocation Complex Reveals insight into the Lethal Factor Unfolding and Refolding mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.051979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD): Characterization of ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.051979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calculations of ligand binding free energies and kinetic rates are important for drug design. However, such tasks have proven challenging in computational chemistry and biophysics. To address this challenge, we have developed a new computational method "LiGaMD", which selectively boosts the ligand non-bonded interaction potential energy based on the Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) enhanced sampling technique. Another boost potential could be applied to the remaining potential energy of the entire system in a dual-boost algorithm (LiGaMD_Dual) to facilitate ligand binding. LiGaMD has been demonstrated on host-guest and protein-ligand binding model systems. Repetitive guest binding and unbinding in the {beta}-cyclodextrin host were observed in hundreds-of-nanosecond LiGaMD simulations. The calculated binding free energies of guest molecules with sufficient sampling agreed excellently with experimental data (< 1.0 kcal/mol error). In comparison with previous microsecond-timescale conventional molecular dynamics simulations, accelerations of ligand kinetic rate constants in LiGaMD simulations were properly estimated using Kramers rate theory. Furthermore, LiGaMD allowed us to capture repetitive dissociation and binding of the benzamidine inhibitor in trypsin within 1 s simulations. The calculated ligand binding free energy and kinetic rate constants compared well with the experimental data. In summary, LiGaMD provides a promising approach for characterizing ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics simultaneously, which is expected to facilitate computer-aided drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.051979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD): Characterization of ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-infiltrating nerves create an electro-physiologically active microenvironment and contribute to treatment resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with densely innervated tumors do poorly as compared to those with sparsely innervated disease. Why some tumors heavily recruit nerves while others do not, remains unknown as does the functional contribution of tumor-infiltrating nerves to cancer. Moreover, while patients receive chemotherapeutic treatment, whether these drugs affect nerve recruitment has not been tested. Using a murine model of ovarian cancer, we show that tumor-infiltrating sensory nerves potentiate tumor growth, decrease survival, and contribute to treatment resistance. Furthermore, matched patient samples show significantly increased tumor innervation following chemotherapy. In vitro analysis of tumor-released extracellular vesicles (sEVs) shows they harbor neurite outgrowth activity. These data suggest that chemotherapy may alter sEV cargo, endowing it with robust nerve recruiting capacity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeer, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madeo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeer, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williamson, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rickel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stamp, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucido, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cain, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tulina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stuckelberger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichwald, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooper, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talbot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drapkin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeer, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.058594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-infiltrating nerves create an electro-physiologically active microenvironment and contribute to treatment resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of a Replicon System for Bourbon Virus and Identification of Small Molecules that Efficiently Inhibit Virus Replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.058693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated from a patient hospitalized at the University of Kansas Hospital in 2014. Since then, several deaths have been reported to be caused by BRBV infection in the Midwest and Southern United States. BRBV is a tick-borne virus that is widely carried by lone star ticks. It belongs to genus Thogotovirus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Currently, there are no treatments or vaccines available for BRBV or thogotovirus infection caused diseases. In this study, we reconstituted a replicon reporter system, composed of plasmids expressing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) complex (PA, PB1 and PB2), nucleocapsid (NP) protein, and a reporter gene flanked by the 3 and 5 UTR of the envelope glycoprotein (GP) genome segment. By using the luciferase reporter, we screened a few small molecule compounds of anti-endonuclease that inhibited the nicking activity by parvovirus B19 (B19V) NS1, as well as FDA-approved drugs targeting the RdRP of influenza virus. Our results demonstrated that myricetin, and an anti-B19V NS1 nicking inhibitor, efficiently inhibited the RdRP activity of BRBV and virus replication. The IC50 and EC50 of myricetin are 2.22 M and 4.6 M, respectively, in cells. Myricetin had minimal cytotoxicity in cells, and therefore the therapeutic index of the compound is high. In conclusion, the BRBV replicon system is a useful tool to study viral RNA replication and to develop antivirals, and myricetin may hold promise in treatment of BRBV infected patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganaie, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavis, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.058693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of a Replicon System for Bourbon Virus and Identification of Small Molecules that Efficiently Inhibit Virus Replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.061796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraflagellar transport-A deficiency ameliorates ADPKD renal cystogenesis in a renal tubular- and maturation-dependent manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.26.061796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are sensory organelles built and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT) multi-protein complexes. Deletion of different IFT-B genes attenuates polycystic kidney disease (PKD) severity in juvenile and adult Autosomal Dominant (AD) PKD mouse models, while deletion of an IFT-A adaptor, Tulp3, attenuates PKD severity in adult mice only. These studies indicate that dysfunction of specific cilia components has potential therapeutic value. To broaden our understanding of cilia dysfunction and its therapeutic potential, here we investigate the impact of global deletion of an IFT-A gene, Thm1, in juvenile and adult ADPKD mouse models. Both juvenile and adult models exhibited increased kidney weight:body weight (KW/BW) ratios, renal cysts, inflammation, lengthened renal cilia, and increased levels of the nutrient sensor, O-linked {beta}-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Thm1 deletion in juvenile ADPKD mice reduced KW/BW ratios and cortical collecting duct cystogenesis, but increased proximal tubular and glomerular dilations and did not reduce inflammation, cilia lengths, and O-GlcNAc signaling. In contrast, Thm1 deletion in adult ADPKD mice markedly attenuated renal cystogenesis, inflammation, cilia lengths, and O-GlcNAc. Thus, unlike IFT-B genes, the role of Thm1 deletion in ADPKD mouse models is development-specific. Unlike an IFT-A adaptor gene, deleting Thm1 in juvenile ADPKD mice is partially ameliorative. Our studies suggest that different microenvironmental factors found in distinct nephron segments and between developing and mature kidneys modify ciliary homeostasis and ADPKD pathobiology. Further, elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, which regulates cellular metabolism and ciliogenesis, may be a novel feature and critical regulator of certain key ADPKD pathological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pottorf, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornelius, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.061796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraflagellar transport-A deficiency ameliorates ADPKD renal cystogenesis in a renal tubular- and maturation-dependent manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Sex Differences in Human Meniscal Cell Response to Estrogen Based on Dosing Kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.27.064451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteoarthritis is a disease marked by progressive and irreversible hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage breakdown that affects the lives of millions of patients worldwide. Female sex and menopause are both risk factors for knee osteoarthritis, indicating that estrogen could play a role in this disease. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to determine the effects of estrogen treatment on human meniscal cells. Differences in the number and type of differentially expressed genes were seen based on donor sex, estrogen dose, and dosing kinetics. Significantly more differentially expressed genes were seen from male meniscal cells in response to all dosing conditions compared to female cells. Importantly, more genes were differentially expressed in cells treated with continuous dosing of estrogen, which has been shown to stimulate genomic estrogen signaling, as compared to pulsed dosing. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis revealed that many genes of the extracellular matrix, which is important for joint health and injury repair, were differentially expressed. Overall, this initial study lays the groundwork for future avenues to pursue the effect of estrogen delivery on regenerative pathways. This critical analysis will then inform the design and implementation of estrogen replacement therapies to promote meniscal health and reduce the onset of osteoarthritis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Knewtson, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Flores, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pacicca, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.064451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Sex Differences in Human Meniscal Cell Response to Estrogen Based on Dosing Kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical meiosis can be adaptive in outcrossed S. pombe due to wtf meiotic drivers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.066035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Killer meiotic drivers are genetic parasites that destroy  sibling gametes lacking the driver allele. The fitness costs of drive can lead to selection of unlinked suppressors. This suppression could involve evolutionary tradeoffs that compromise gametogenesis and contribute to infertility. Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an organism containing numerous gamete-killing wtf drivers, offers a tractable system to test this hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that in scenarios analogous to outcrossing, wtf drivers generate a fitness landscape in which atypical gametes, such as aneuploids and diploids, are advantageous. In this context, wtf drivers can decrease the fitness cost of mutations that disrupt meiotic fidelity and, in some circumstances, can even make such mutations beneficial. Moreover, we find that S. pombe isolates vary greatly in their ability to make haploid gametes, with some isolates generating more than 25% aneuploid or diploid gametes. This work empirically demonstrates the potential for meiotic drivers to shape the evolution of gametogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bravo Nunez, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabbarini, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eide, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanders, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.066035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical meiosis can be adaptive in outcrossed S. pombe due to wtf meiotic drivers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.067025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Placental microRNA Expression Associates with Birthweight through Control of Adipokines: Results from Two Independent Cohorts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.067025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. In the placenta, the master regulator of fetal growth and development, microRNAs shape the basic processes of trophoblast biology and specific microRNA have been associated with fetal growth. To comprehensively assess the role of microRNAs in placental function and fetal development, we have performed small RNA sequencing to profile placental microRNAs from two independent mother-infant cohorts: the Rhode Island Child Health Study (n=225) and the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (n=317). We modeled microRNA counts on infant birthweight percentile (BWP) in each cohort, while accounting for race, sex, parity and technical factors, using negative binomial generalized linear models. We identified microRNAs that were differentially expressed (DEmiRs) with BWP at false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.05 in both cohorts. hsa-miR-532-5p (miR-532) was positively associated with BWP in both cohorts. By integrating parallel whole transcriptome and small RNA sequencing in the RICHS cohort, we identified putative targets of miR-532. These targets are enriched for pathways involved in adipogenesis, adipocytokine signaling, energy metabolism and hypoxia response, and included Leptin, which we further demonstrated to have decreasing expression with increasing BWP, particularly in male infants. Overall, we have shown a robust and reproducible association of miR-532 with BWP, which could influence BWP through regulation of adipocytokines Leptin and Adiponectin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermetz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everson, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyssenroth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karagas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsit, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.067025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Placental microRNA Expression Associates with Birthweight through Control of Adipokines: Results from Two Independent Cohorts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.078766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.078766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybrids account for nearly all commercially planted varieties of maize and many other crop plants, because crosses between inbred lines of these species produce F1 offspring that greatly outperform their parents. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, called heterosis or hybrid vigor, are not well understood despite over a century of intensive research (1). The leading hypotheses--which focus on quantitative genetic mechanisms (dominance, overdominance, and epistasis) and molecular mechanisms (gene dosage and transcriptional regulation)--have been able to explain some but not all of the observed patterns of heterosis (2, 3). However, possible ecological drivers of heterosis have largely been ignored. Here we show that heterosis of root biomass and germination in maize is strongly dependent on the belowground microbial environment. We found that, in some cases, inbred lines perform as well by these criteria as their F1 offspring under sterile conditions, but that heterosis can be restored by inoculation with a simple community of seven bacterial strains. We observed the same pattern for seedlings inoculated with autoclaved vs. live soil slurries in a growth chamber, and for plants grown in fumigated vs. untreated soil in the field. Together, our results demonstrate a novel, ecological mechanism for heterosis whereby soil microbes generally impair the germination and early growth of inbred but not hybrid maize.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salvato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clouse, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartlett, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sermons, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.078766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.078915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recognition memory via repetition suppression in mouse hippocampal dorsal CA2 pyramidal neurons expressing the vasopressin 1b receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.078915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recognition memory, often compromised in psychiatric disorders, is a major component of declarative memory, which permits the realization that an event, object or social subject has been previously encountered. The CA2 region of the dorsal hippocampus (dCA2) is involved in social memory and responds to novel objects, in time and space. However, it remains unclear how these neurons encode either social or inanimate object recognition. Here, we show that in dCA2, encoding of social recognition memory entails suppression of pyramidal neurons activity leading to a sparse representation of the familiar conspecific. We discuss the neural coding scheme by which dCA2 pyramidal neurons contribute to social memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cymerblit-Sabba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stackmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams Avram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granovetter, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cliz, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.078915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recognition memory via repetition suppression in mouse hippocampal dorsal CA2 pyramidal neurons expressing the vasopressin 1b receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.089375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain is a highly efficient ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.089375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other SARS-like-CoVs encode 3 tandem macrodomains within non-structural protein 3 (nsp3). The first macrodomain, Mac1, is conserved throughout CoVs, and binds to and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from target proteins. Mac1 likely counters host-mediated anti-viral ADP-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification that is part of the host response to viral infections. Mac1 is essential for pathogenesis in multiple animal models of CoV infection, implicating it as a virulence factor and potential therapeutic target. Here we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mac1 exhibit similar structural folds and all 3 proteins bound to ADP-ribose with low M affinities. Importantly, using ADP-ribose detecting binding reagents in both a gel-based assay and novel ELISA assays, we demonstrated de-MARylating activity for all 3 CoV Mac1 proteins, with the SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 protein leading to a more rapid loss of substrate compared to the others. In addition, none of these enzymes could hydrolyze poly-ADP-ribose. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 and other CoV Mac1 proteins are MAR-hydrolases with similar functions, indicating that compounds targeting CoV Mac1 proteins may have broad anti-CoV activity.

IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged into the human population and has led to a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 that has caused greater than 900 thousand deaths worldwide. With, no currently approved treatments, novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. All coronaviruses encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that binds to and removes ADP-ribose adducts from proteins in a dynamic post-translational process increasingly recognized as an important factor that regulates viral infection. The macrodomain is essential for CoV pathogenesis and may be a novel therapeutic target. Thus, understanding its biochemistry and enzyme activity are critical first steps for these efforts. Here we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose, and describe its ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis activities in direct comparison to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mac1 proteins. These results are an important first step for the design and testing of potential therapies targeting this unique protein domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashipathy, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.11.089375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain is a highly efficient ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094524v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing the genetic basis of copper toxicity in Drosophila reveals a complex pattern of allelic, regulatory, and behavioral variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.094524v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A range of heavy metals are required for normal cell function and homeostasis. Equally, the anthropogenic release of heavy metals into soil and water sources presents a pervasive health threat. Copper is one such metal; it functions as a critical enzymatic cofactor, but at high concentrations is toxic, and can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species. Using a combination of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and RNA sequencing in the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), we demonstrate that resistance to the toxic effects of ingested copper in D. melanogaster is genetically complex, and influenced by allelic and expression variation at multiple loci. Additionally, we find that copper resistance is impacted by variation in behavioral avoidance of copper and may be subject to life-stage specific regulation. Multiple genes with known copper-specific functions, as well as genes that are involved in the regulation of other heavy metals were identified as potential candidates to contribute to variation in adult copper resistance. We demonstrate that nine of 16 candidates tested by RNAi knockdown influence adult copper resistance, a number of which may have pleiotropic effects since they have previously been shown to impact the response to other metals. Our work provides new understanding of the genetic complexity of copper resistance, highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which copper pollution can negatively impact organisms. Additionally, we further support the similarities between copper metabolism and that of other essential and nonessential heavy metals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Everman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloud-Richardson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.094524</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing the genetic basis of copper toxicity in Drosophila reveals a complex pattern of allelic, regulatory, and behavioral variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.090167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Superior Colliculus-Projected GABAergic Retinal Ganglion Cells Mediate Looming-Evoked Flight Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.090167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The looming stimulus-evoked flight response is an experimental paradigm for studying innate defensive behaviors. However, how the visual looming stimulus is transmitted from the retina to the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we report that superior colliculus (SC)-projecting RGCs transmit the looming signal from the retina to the brain to mediate the looming-evoked flight behavior by releasing GABA. In the mouse retina, GABAergic RGCs are capable of projecting to many brain areas, including the SC. Superior colliculus (SC)-projecting GABAergic RGCs (spgRGCs) are mono-synaptically connected to the parvalbumin-positive SC neurons known to be required for the looming-evoked flight response. Optogenetic activation of spgRGCs triggers GABA-mediated inhibition in SC neurons. The ablation or silence of spgRGCs compromises looming-evoked flight response but not image-forming functions. Therefore, this study shows that spgRGCs control the looming-evoked flight response by regulating SC neurons via GABA, providing novel insight into the regulation of innate defensive behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.090167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Superior Colliculus-Projected GABAergic Retinal Ganglion Cells Mediate Looming-Evoked Flight Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selection and demography shape genomic variation in a Sky Island species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over time, populations of species can expand, contract, fragment and become isolated, creating subpopulations that must adapt to local conditions. Understanding how species maintain variation after divergence as well as adapt to these changes in the face of gene flow, is of great interest, especially as the current climate crisis has caused range shifts and frequent migrations for many species. Here, we characterize how a mycophageous fly species, Drosophila innubila, came to inhabit and adapt to its current range which includes mountain forests in southwestern USA separated by large expanses of desert. Using population genomic data from more than 300 wild-caught individuals, we examine four populations to determine their population history in these mountain forests, looking for signatures of local adaptation. We find D. innubila spread northwards during the previous glaciation period (30-100 KYA), and has recently expanded even further (0.2-2 KYA). D. innubila shows little evidence of population structure, consistent with a recent establishment and genetic variation maintained since before geographic stratification. We also find some signatures of recent selective sweeps in chorion proteins and population differentiation in antifungal immune genes suggesting differences in the environments to which flies are adapting. However, we find little support for long-term recurrent selection in these genes. In contrast, we find evidence of long-term recurrent positive selection in immune pathways such as the Toll-signaling system and the Toll-regulated antimicrobial peptides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.096008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selection and demography shape genomic variation in a Sky Island species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurrent evolution of two competing haplotypes in an insect DNA virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.096024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hosts and viruses are constantly evolving in response to each other: as hosts attempt to suppress the virus, the virus attempts to evade and suppress the hosts immune system. This arms race results in the evolution of novel pathways in both the host and virus to gain the upper hand. Here we describe the coevolution between Drosophila species and a common and virulent DNA virus. We identify two distinct viral types that differ 100-fold in viral titer in infected individuals, with similar effects across multiple species. Our analysis suggests that one of the viral types appears to have recurrently evolved at least 4 times in the past [~]30,000 years, including in another geographically distinct species, due to the high effective mutation rate which increases with titer. The higher titer viral type is associated with suppression of the host immune system and an increased transmission rate compared to the low viral titer type. Both types are maintained in all populations, likely due to an increased virulence in the high titer type creating a trade-off between effective transmission and virulence and resulting in nearly equal reproduction rates (R0) in both types. Together these results suggest that the reciprocal selective pressures caused by the co-evolution between host and virus has resulted in this recurrently evolving relationship.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.096024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurrent evolution of two competing haplotypes in an insect DNA virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.074542v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nutrient restriction, inducer of yeast meiosis, induces mammalian meiosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.074542v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From yeasts to mammals, the molecular machinery and chromosome structures carrying out meiosis are frequently conserved. However, the signal to initiate meiosis appears divergent: while nutrient restriction induces meiosis in the yeast system, retinoic acid (RA), a chordate morphogen, is necessary but not sufficient to induce meiotic initiation in mammalian germ cells via its target, Stra8. Here, using cultured mouse male germline stem cells without the support of gonadal somatic cells, we show that nutrient restriction in combination with RA robustly induces Spo11-dependent meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and Stra8-dependent meiotic gene programs recapitulating those of early meiosis in vivo. Moreover, a distinct network of 11 nutrient restriction-upregulated transcription factor genes was identified, whose expression does not require RA and is associated with early meiosis in vivo. Thus, our study proposes a conserved model, in which nutrient restriction induces meiotic initiation by upregulating transcriptional factors for meiotic gene programs, and provides an in vitro platform to derive haploid gametes in culture.

One Sentence Summarynutrient restriction synergizes with retinoic acid to induce mammalian meiotic initiation
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.15.074542</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nutrient restriction, inducer of yeast meiosis, induces mammalian meiosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid divergence of the copulation proteins in the Drosophila dunni group is associated with hybrid post-mating-prezygotic incompatibilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.106724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins involved in post-copulatory interactions between males and females are among the fastest evolving genes in many species and this has been attributed to reproductive conflict. Likely as a result, these proteins are frequently involved in cases of post-mating-prezygotic isolation between species. The Drosophila dunni subgroup consists of a dozen recently diverged species found across the Caribbean islands with varying levels of hybrid incompatibility. We sought to examine how post-mating-prezygotic factors are involved in isolation among members of this species group. We performed experimental crosses between species in the dunni group and find evidence of hybrid inviability. We also find an insemination reaction-like response preventing egg laying and leading to reduced female survival post-mating. To identify that genes may be involved in these incompatibilities, we sequenced and assembled the genomes of four species in the dunni subgroup and looked for signals of rapid evolution between species. Despite low levels of divergence, we found evidence of rapid evolution and divergence of some reproductive proteins, specifically the seminal fluid proteins. This suggests post-mating-prezygotic isolation as a barrier for gene flow between even the most closely related species in this group and seminal fluid proteins as a possible culprit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosales-Stephens, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.20.106724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid divergence of the copulation proteins in the Drosophila dunni group is associated with hybrid post-mating-prezygotic incompatibilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.120295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burkholderia thailandensis methylated hydroxy-alkylquinolines: biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity in co-culture experiments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.120295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis produces an arsenal of secondary metabolites that have diverse structures and roles in the ecology of this soil-dwelling bacterium. In liquid co-culture experiments, B. thailandensis secretes an antimicrobial that nearly eliminates another soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. To identify the antimicrobial, we used a transposon mutagenesis approach. This screen identified antimicrobial-defective mutants with insertions in the hmqA, hmqC and hmqF genes involved in biosynthesis of a family of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones called 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-alkenylquinolines (HMAQs), which are closely related to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs). Insertions also occurred in the previously uncharacterized gene BTH_II1576. Results confirm that BTH_II1576 is involved in generating N-oxide derivatives of HMAQs (HMAQ-NO) in B. thailandensis and that HMAQ-NOs are sufficient to eliminate B. subtilis in co-cultures. Moreover, synthetic HMAQ-NO is [~]50-fold more active than HMAQ. Both the methyl group and the length of the carbon side chain account for high activity of HMAQ-NO against B. subtilis. The results provide new information on the biosynthesis and activities of HMAQs and reveal new insight into how these molecules might be important for the ecology of B. thailandensis.

IMPORTANCEThe soil bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis produces 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones, mostly methylated 4-hydroxy-alkenylquinolines, a family of relatively unstudied metabolites similar to molecules also synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several of the methylated 4-hydroxy-alkenylquinolines have antimicrobial activity against other species. We show that N-oxidated methyl-alkenylquinolines are particularly antimicrobial and sufficient to kill Bacillus subtilis in co-cultures. We confirmed their biosynthesis requires the previously unstudied protein HmqL. These results provide new information about the biology of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones, particularly the methylated 4-hydroxy-alkenylquinolines, which are unique to B. thailandensis. This study also has importance for understanding B. thailandensis secondary metabolites and has implications for potential therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klaus, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majerczyk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eppler, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groleau, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asfahl, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smalley, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piochon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandekar, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gauthier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deziel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.120295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burkholderia thailandensis methylated hydroxy-alkylquinolines: biosynthesis and antimicrobial activity in co-culture experiments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The long non-coding RNA lnc-HLX-2-7 is oncogenic in group 3 medulloblastomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.140251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMedulloblastoma (MB) is an aggressive brain tumor that predominantly affects children. Recent high-throughput sequencing studies suggest that the non-coding RNA genome, in particular long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), contributes to MB sub-grouping. Here we report the identification of a novel lncRNA, lnc-HLX-2-7, as a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in group 3 MBs.

MethodsPublicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 175 MB patients were interrogated to identify lncRNAs that differentiate between MB subgroups. After characterizing a subset of differentially expressed lncRNAs in vitro and in vivo, the group 3-enriched lncRNA lnc-HLX2-7 was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 in the MB cell line D425 Med. Intracranially injected tumors were further characterized by bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing.

Resultslnc-HLX-2-7 is highly upregulated in group 3 MB cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and primary MBs compared to other MB sub-groups as assessed by qRT-PCR, RNA-seq, and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Depletion of lnc-HLX-2-7 with antisense oligonucleotides or CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced cell proliferation and 3D colony formation and induced apoptosis. lnc-HLX-2-7-deleted D425 Med cells injected into mouse cerebella produced smaller tumors than those derived from parental cells. Pathway analysis revealed that lnc-HLX2-7 modulated oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and sirtuin signaling pathways. The MYC oncogene regulated lnc-HLX-2-7, and the small molecule BET-bromodomain (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1 reduced lnc-HLX2-7 expression.

Conclusionslnc-HLX-2-7 is oncogenic in MB and represents a promising novel molecular marker and a potential therapeutic target in group 3 MBs in children.

Key pointsO_LIlnc-HLX-2-7 is highly upregulated in group 3 medulloblastomas compared to other sub-groups.
C_LIO_LIIn vitro and in vivo studies strongly support an oncogenic role for lnc-HLX2-7 in group 3 medulloblastoma.
C_LIO_LIlnc-HLX-2-7 may be a novel biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in group 3 medulloblastoma.
C_LI

Importance of the studyGroup 3 medulloblastomas are associated with poor clinical outcomes, are difficult to subtype clinically, and their biology is poorly understood. In an effort to address these problems, we identified a group 3-specific long non-coding RNA, lnc-HLX-2-7, in an in silico analysis of 175 medulloblastomas and confirmed its expression in group 3 medulloblastoma cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and FFPE samples. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion and antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of lnc-HLX-2-7 significantly reduced cell growth and 3D colony formation and induced apoptosis. Deletion of lnc-HLX-2-7 in cells injected into mouse cerebellums reduced tumor growth compared to parental cells, and RNA sequencing of these tumors revealed lnc-HLX-2-7-associated modulation of cell viability and cell death signaling pathways. The oncogene MYC regulates lnc-HLX-2-7, and its expression can be controlled by the BET-bromodomain (BRD4) inhibitor JQ1. lnc-HLX-2-7 is a candidate biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in group 3 medulloblastomas in children.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>KATSUSHIMA, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunhiraman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murath, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garancher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Gomez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stapleton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vibhakar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bettegowda, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wechsler-Reya, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jallo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raabe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eberhart, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.140251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The long non-coding RNA lnc-HLX-2-7 is oncogenic in group 3 medulloblastomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141481v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural characterization of the essential cell division protein FtsE and its interaction with FtsX in Streptococcus pneumoniae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.141481v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
FtsEX is a membrane complex widely conserved across diverse bacterial genera and involved in critical processes such as recruitment of division proteins and in spatial and temporal regulation of muralytic activity during cell division or sporulation. FtsEX is a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, where FtsX is an integral membrane protein and FtsE is an ATPase, required for mechanotransmission of the signal from the cytosol through the membrane, to regulate the activity of cell-wall hydrolases in the periplasm. Both proteins are essential in the major human respiratory pathogenic bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae and interact with the modular peptidoglycan hydrolase PcsB at the septum. Here, we report the high-resolution structures of pneumococcal FtsE in complex with different nucleotides. Structural analysis reveals that FtsE contains all the conserved structural motifs associated with ATPase activity, and allowed interpretation of the in vivo dimeric arrangement in both ADP and ATP states. Interestingly, three specific FtsE regions were identified with high structural plasticity that shape the cavity in which the cytosolic region of FtsX would be inserted. The residues corresponding to the FtsX coupling helix, responsible for FtsE contact, were identified and validated by in vivo mutagenesis studies showing that this interaction is essential for cell growth and proper morphology.

IMPORTANCEBacterial cell division is a central process that requires exquisite orchestration of both the cell wall biosynthetic and lytic machineries. The essential membrane complex FtsEX, widely conserved across bacteria, play a central role by recruiting proteins to the divisome apparatus and by regulating periplasmic muralytic activity from the cytosol. FtsEX is a member of the Type VII family of the ABC-superfamily but instead transporter, couple ATP hydrolysis by FtsE to mechanically transduce a conformational signal to activate PG hydrolases. So far, no structural information is available for FtsE. Here we provide the structural characterization of FtsE confirming its ATPase nature and revealing regions with high structural plasticity key for FtsX binding. The complementary region in FtsX has been also identified and validated in vivo. Our results provide evidences on how difference between ATP and ADP states in FtsE would dramatically alter FtsEX interaction with PG hydrolase PcsB in pneumococcal division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alcorlo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straume, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havarstein, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermoso, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.141481</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural characterization of the essential cell division protein FtsE and its interaction with FtsX in Streptococcus pneumoniae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.144923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Corticocortical Connections of the Rostral Forelimb Area in Rats: A Quantitative Tract-Tracing Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.144923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rostral forelimb area (RFA) in the rat is considered to be a premotor cortical region based primarily on its efferent projections to the primary motor cortex. The purpose of the present study was to identify corticocortical connections of RFA, and to describe the relative strength of connections with other cortical areas. This will allow us to better understand the broader cortical network in which RFA participates, and thus, determine its function in motor behavior. In the present study, the RFA of adult male Long-Evans rats (n=6) was identified using intracortical microstimulation techniques and injected with the tract tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). In post-mortem tissue, location of BDA-labeled terminal boutons and neuronal somata were plotted and superimposed on cortical field boundaries. The results demonstrated that the RFA has dense to moderate reciprocal connections with primary motor cortex, the frontal cortex medial and lateral to RFA, primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and lateral somatosensory areas. Importantly, S1 connections were dense to moderate in dysgranular zones, but sparse to negligible in granular zones. Cortical connections of RFA in rat are strikingly similar to cortical connections of the ventral premotor cortex in non-human primates, suggesting that these areas share similar functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Urban, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishibe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.144923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Corticocortical Connections of the Rostral Forelimb Area in Rats: A Quantitative Tract-Tracing Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Task Related Neural Activity Following Primary Motor Cortical Ischemic Injury in Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquired injuries to primary motor cortex (M1) contribute to motor impairment and disability. Functional recovery is predicated on the reorganization of spared areas, which has been demonstrated through cortical motor map representations and neuroanatomical projection and termination patterns. The purpose of this study was to understand how neurophysiological outputs of spared motor areas relate to motor recovery of a skilled reach task following an ischemic infarct to M1. We examined changes in single unit activity within ipsilesional pre-motor (PM) and contralesional M1 cortices of rats during a behavioral task after a unilateral ischemic injury to ipsilesional M1. The data show a shift in neuronal firing patterns in the contralateral PM and ipsilateral M1 during behavioral recovery in lesion rats compared to a non-lesion control group, suggesting that spike-timing properties are altered in specific phases of the task, and that this altered activity may support spontaneous restoration of motor behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFollowing ischemic stroke to primary motor cortex (M1), motor recovery is associated with reorganization of spared cortical motor areas in injured and spared hemispheres. Currently, it is unclear how cortical plasticity within spared motor areas relates to motor recovery. This study examines how task-related neural activity within spared motor areas in rats correlates with motor restoration of a skilled reach task following an ischemic infarct to M1. The data suggest contralateral pre-motor and ipsilateral M1 alter their neural response profiles with respect to the timing of a motor task during recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a compensatory single-spike neurophysiological mechanism that may explain how remote, spared cortical areas contribute to functional recovery after M1 injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pack, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.146266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Task Related Neural Activity Following Primary Motor Cortical Ischemic Injury in Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects Of A Contusive Spinal Cord Injury On Spinal Motor Neuron Activity And Conduction Time In Rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spike activity evoked in the hindlimb spinal cord of the rat from cortical electrical stimulation.

ApproachAdult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a Healthy or SCI group. SCI rats were given a 175 kDyn dorsal midline contusion injury at the level of the T8 vertebrae. At four weeks post-SCI, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was delivered at several sites in the hindlimb motor cortex of anesthetized rats, and evoked neural activity was recorded from corresponding sites throughout the dorsoventral depths of the spinal cord and EMG activity from hindlimb muscles.

Main resultsIn healthy rats, post-ICMS spike histograms showed reliable, evoked spike activity during a short-latency epoch 10-12 ms after the initiation of the ICMS pulse train (short). Longer latency spikes occurred between ~20-60 ms, generally following a Gaussian distribution, rising above baseline at time LON, followed by a peak response (Lp), and then falling below baseline at time LOFF. EMG responses occurred between LON and Lp (25-27 ms). In SCI rats, short-latency responses were still present, long-latency responses were disrupted or eliminated, and EMG responses were never evoked. The retention of the short-latency responses indicates that spared descending spinal fibers, most likely via the cortico-reticulospinal pathway, can still depolarize spinal cord motor neurons after a dorsal midline contusion injury.

SignificanceThis study provides novel insights into the role of alternate pathways for voluntary control of hindlimb movements after SCI that disrupts the corticospinal tract in the rat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borrell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krizsan-Agbas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.146837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects Of A Contusive Spinal Cord Injury On Spinal Motor Neuron Activity And Conduction Time In Rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity Dependent Stimulation Increases Synaptic Efficacy In Spared Pathways In An Anesthetized Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Contusion Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.146910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS), triggered by action potentials (spikes) recorded in motor cortex, to alter synaptic efficacy in descending motor pathways in an anesthetized rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Experiments were carried out in adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats with a moderate contusion injury at T8. For activity-dependent stimulation (ADS) sessions, a recording microelectrode was used to detect neuronal spikes in motor cortex that triggered ISMS in the spinal cord grey matter. SCI rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing by: a) cortical spike-ISMS stimulus delay (10 or 25 ms) and b) number of ISMS pulses (1 or 3). Four weeks after SCI, ADS sessions were conducted in three consecutive 1-hour conditioning bouts for a total of 3 hours. At the end of each conditioning bout, changes in synaptic efficacy were assessed using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) to examine the number of spikes evoked in spinal cord neurons during 5-minute test bouts. A multichannel microelectrode recording array was used to record cortically-evoked spike activity from multiple layers of the spinal cord. The results showed that ADS resulted in an increase in cortically-evoked spikes in spinal cord neurons at specific combinations of spike-ISMS delays and numbers of pulses. Efficacy in descending motor pathways was increased throughout all dorsoventral depths of the hindlimb spinal cord. These results show that after an SCI, ADS can increase synaptic efficacy in spared pathways between motor cortex and spinal cord. This study provides further support for ADS as an effective therapeutic approach for enhancing descending motor control after SCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borrell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krizsan-Agbas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.146910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity Dependent Stimulation Increases Synaptic Efficacy In Spared Pathways In An Anesthetized Rat Model Of Spinal Cord Contusion Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Suppression of Premotor Activity in a Transient Model of Motor Cortex Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cortical injuries (e.g. - strokes or traumatic brain injuries) can create a host of secondary events that further impair the brains sensory, motor, or cognitive capabilities. Here, we attempted to isolate the acute effects of the primary injury - the loss of cortical activity - on rodent motor cortex (caudal forelimb area, CFA) without the secondary effects that arise from damage to cortical tissue. We then observed the effects of this loss of activity on the rodent premotor cortex (rostral forelimb area, RFA). In anesthetized rats, CFA was temporarily inactivated with the GABA-A agonist muscimol, disrupting motor network function while leaving neural connectivity intact. Using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) techniques, we found that CFA inactivation completely abolished ICMS-evoked forelimb movement from RFA yet spared some CFA evoked-movement. Neural recordings confirmed that neural suppression by muscimol was isolated to CFA and did not spread into RFA. We next observed how CFA inactivation suppressed RFA influence on forelimb muscles by obtaining intramuscular electromyographical (EMG) recordings from forelimb muscles during ICMS. EMG recordings showed that despite the presence of evoked movement in CFA, but not RFA, muscle activation in both areas were similarly reduced. These results suggest that the primary reason for the loss of ICMS-evoked movement in RFA is not reduced forelimb muscle activity, but rather a loss of the specific activity between RFA and CFA. Therefore, within the intact motor network of the rat, RFAs influence on forelimb movement is mediated by CFA, similar to the premotor and motor organization observed in non-human primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elliott, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Suppression of Premotor Activity in a Transient Model of Motor Cortex Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anatomical Plasticity of the Distal Forelimb Projection of the Ventral Premotor Cortex Four weeks After Primary Motor Cortex Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain injury affecting the isocortical frontal cortex is a common pathological occurrence. Many patients report severe deficits to functions of daily living. However, there is a variable degree of motor recovery that occurs with some individuals recovering astounding degrees of motor recovery while others have not. This variability has led researchers into investigating the possible mechanisms for this variability. Recently, several non-human primate studies have shed light on the possibility of spared, ipsilesional motor area taken over the lost function to the damaged cortex. Unfortunately, these studies have focused on long-term adaption ranging from 5months to one year post injury. In this present study, we are the first use rigorous stereological quantification to show that significant neuroplastic changes in the form of changes to neuroanatomical connections between distant cortical area occurs at a very early time point of 4 weeks post injury. Much like the Dancause study in 2005, we found that ishemic damage to the distal forelimb area (DFL) of the primary motor cortex (M1) induced plastic changes between the DFL of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and area 1/2 of the somatosensory cortex. Indeed, we found a nearly 2 fold increase in the number of boutons between PMV and area 1/2. Additionally, labeled fibers from PMv change direction from their normal termination within M1 and traveled in a ventral posterior direction toward the somatosensory cortex. Also of interest, several labeled fibers actually traveled through the glial scar of M1 toward the somatosensory cortex. These data demonstrate that a massive neuroplastic response has occurred following an ischemic insult to the DFL of M1. These data may suggest that the brain may be undergoing an attempt to re-establish a degree of motor and or sensory control to compensate for the lost function due to the injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McNeal, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anatomical Plasticity of the Distal Forelimb Projection of the Ventral Premotor Cortex Four weeks After Primary Motor Cortex Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.13.142711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZZ Top: faster and more adaptive Z chromosome evolution in two Lepidoptera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.13.142711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rate of divergence for Z or X chromosomes is theoretically predicted to be greater than autosomes, but the possible explanations for this pattern vary, as do empirical results from diverse taxa. Even among moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), which generally share a single-origin Z chromosome, the handful of available studies give mixed support for faster or more adaptive evolution of the Z chromosome, depending on the species assayed. Here, we examine the molecular evolution of Z chromosomes in two additional lepidopteran species: the Carolina sphinx moth and the monarch butterfly, the latter of which possesses a recent chromosomal fusion yielding a segment of newly Z-linked DNA. We find evidence for both faster and more adaptive Z chromosome evolution in both species, though this effect is strongest in the neo-Z portion of the monarch sex chromosome. The neo-Z is less male-biased than expected of a Z chromosome, and unbiased and female-biased genes drive the signal for adaptive evolution here. Together these results suggest that male-biased gene accumulation and haploid selection have opposing effects on long-term rates of adaptation and may help explain the discrepancies in previous findings as well as the repeated evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in Lepidoptera.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.142711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZZ Top: faster and more adaptive Z chromosome evolution in two Lepidoptera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.159541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomic analysis of four cerianthid (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) venoms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.18.159541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tube anemones, or cerianthids, are a phylogenetically informative group of cnidarians with complex life histories, including a pelagic larval stage and tube-dwelling adult stage, both known to utilize venom in stinging-cell rich tentacles. Cnidarians are an entirely venomous group that utilize their proteinaceous-dominated toxins to capture prey and defend against predators, in addition to several other ecological functions, including intraspecific interactions. At present there are no studies describing the venom for any species within cerianthids. Given their unique development, ecology, and distinct phylogenetic-placement within Cnidaria, our objective is to evaluate the venom-like gene diversity of four species of cerianthids from newly collected transcriptomic data. We identified 525 venom-like genes between all four species. The venom-gene profile for each species was dominated by enzymatic protein and peptide families, which is consistent with previous findings in other cnidarian venoms. However, we found few toxins that are typical of sea anemones and corals, and furthermore, three of the four species express toxin-like genes closely related to potent pore-forming toxins in box jellyfish. Our study is the first to provide a survey of the putative venom composition of cerianthids, and contributes to our general understanding of the diversity of cnidarian toxins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klompen, A. M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macrander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitzel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stampar, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.18.159541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomic analysis of four cerianthid (Cnidaria, Ceriantharia) venoms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.166033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.22.166033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. To develop such probes, we designed constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions included full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also designed mutants to eliminate recognition of the ACE2 receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection ranged from [~]0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes were characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe was determined by cryo-electron microscopy. We also characterized antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike-ectodomain probes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olia, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerutti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazzari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsybovsky, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsamba, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banach, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Acevedo, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira de Souza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiPiazza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abiona, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbett, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascola, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misasi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruckwardt, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.22.166033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting evolutionary change at the DNA level in a natural Mimulus population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.166736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolution by natural selection occurs when the frequencies of genetic variants change because individuals differ in Darwinian fitness components such as survival or reproductive success. Differential fitness has been demonstrated in field studies of many organisms, but our ability to quantitatively predict allele frequency changes from fitness measurements remains unclear. Here, we characterize natural selection on millions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome of the annual plant Mimulus guttatus. We use fitness estimates to calibrate population genetic models that effectively predict observed allele frequency changes into the next generation. Hundreds of SNPs experienced "male selection" in 2013 with one allele at each SNP elevated in frequency among successful male gametes relative to the entire population of adults. In the following generation, allele frequencies at these SNPs consistently shifted in the predicted direction. A second year of study revealed that SNPs had effects on both viability and reproductive success with pervasive trade-offs between fitness components. SNPs favored by male selection were, on average, detrimental to survival. These trade-offs (antagonistic pleiotropy and temporal fluctuations in fitness) may be essential to the long-term maintenance of alleles undergoing substantial changes from generation to generation. Despite the challenges of measuring selection in the wild, the strong correlation between predicted and observed allele frequency changes suggests that population genetic models have a much greater role to play in forward-time prediction of evolutionary change.

Author summaryFor the last 100 years, population geneticists have been deriving equations for {Delta}p, the change in allele frequency owing to mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drift. Seldom are these equations used directly, to match a prediction for {Delta}p to an observation of {Delta}p. Here, we apply genomic sequencing technologies to samples from natural populations, obtaining millions of observations of {Delta}p. We estimate natural selection on SNPs in a natural population of yellow monkeyflowers and find extensive evidence for selection through differential male success. We use the SNP-specific fitness estimates to calibrate a population genetic model that predicts observed {Delta}p into the next generation. We find that when male selection favored one nucleotide at a SNP, that nucleotide increased in frequency in the next generation. Since neither observed nor predicted {Delta}p are generally large in magnitude, we developed a novel method called "haplotype matching" to improve prediction accuracy. The method leverages intensive whole genome sequencing of a reference panel (187 individuals) to infer sequence-specific selection in thousands of field individuals sequenced at much lower coverage. This method proved essential to accurately predicting {Delta}p in this experiment and further development may facilitate population genetic prediction more generally.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monnahan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colicchio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.166736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting evolutionary change at the DNA level in a natural Mimulus population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173187v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline gene de-silencing by a transposon insertion is triggered by an altered landscape of local piRNA biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173187v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TE) are selfish genetic elements that can cause harmful mutations. In Drosophila, it has been estimated that half of all spontaneous visible marker phenotypes are mutations caused by TE insertions. Because of the harm posed by TEs, eukaryotes have evolved systems of small RNA-based genome defense to limit transposition. However, as in all immune systems, there is a cost of autoimmunity and small RNA-based systems that silence TEs can inadvertently silence genes flanking TE insertions. In a screen for essential meiotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster, a truncated Doc retrotransposon within a neighboring gene was found to trigger the germline silencing of ald, the Drosophila Mps1 homolog, a gene essential for meiosis. A subsequent screen for modifiers of this silencing identified a new insertion of a Hobo DNA transposon in the same neighboring gene. Here we describe how the original Doc insertion triggers flanking piRNA biogenesis and local gene silencing and how the additional Hobo insertion leads to de-silencing by reducing flanking piRNA biogenesis triggered by the original Doc insertion. These results support a model of TE-mediated silencing by piRNA biogenesis in cis that depends on local determinants of transcription. This may explain complex patterns of off-target gene silencing triggered by TEs within populations and in the laboratory. It also provides a mechanism of sign epistasis among TE insertions.

Author SummaryTransposable elements (TEs) are selfish DNA elements that can move through genomes and cause mutation. In some species, the vast majority of DNA is composed of this form of selfish DNA. Because TEs can be harmful, systems of genome immunity based on small RNA have evolved to limit the movement of TEs. However, like all systems of immunity, it can be challenging for the host to distinguish self from non-self. Thus, TE insertions occasionally cause the small RNA silencing machinery to turn off the expression of critical genes. The rules by which this inadvertent form of autoimmunity causes gene silencing are not well understood. In this article, we describe a phenomenon whereby a TE insertion, rather than silencing a nearby gene, rescues the silencing of a gene caused by another TE insertion. This reveals a mode of TE interaction via small RNA silencing that may be important for understanding how TEs exert their effects on gene expression in populations and across species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Vaerenberghe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grantham, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummings, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egidy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilliland, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstiel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173187</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline gene de-silencing by a transposon insertion is triggered by an altered landscape of local piRNA biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A clinically-relevant polymorphism in the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) occurs at a rheostat position 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.184424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conventionally, most amino acid substitutions at important protein positions are expected to abolish function. However, in several soluble-globular proteins, we identified a class of non-conserved positions for which various substitutions produced progressive functional changes; we consider these evolutionary “rheostats”. Here, we report a strong rheostat position in the integral membrane protein, Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), at the site of a pharmacologically-relevant polymorphism (S267F). Functional studies were performed for all 20 substitutions (“S267X”) with three substrates (taurocholate, estrone-3-sulfate and rosuvastatin). The S267X set showed strong rheostatic effects on overall transport, and individual substitutions showed varied effects on transport kinetics (Km and Vmax). However, the outcomes were substrate dependent, indicating altered specificity. To assess protein stability, we measured surface expression and used the Rosetta software suite to model structure and stability changes of S267X. Although buried near the substrate binding site, S267X substitutions were easily accommodated in the NTCP structure model. Across the modest range of changes, calculated stabilities correlated with surface-expression differences, but neither parameter correlated with altered transport. Thus, substitutions at rheostat position 267 had wide-ranging effects on the phenotype of this integral membrane protein. We further propose that polymorphic positions in other proteins might be locations of rheostat positions.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruggiero, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malhotra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanicolas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagenbuch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.184424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A clinically-relevant polymorphism in the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) occurs at a rheostat position]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substitutions at Non-Conserved Rheostat Positions Modulate Function by Re-Wiring Long-Range, Dynamic Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.185207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amino acid substitutions at nonconserved protein positions can have non-canonical and “long-distance” outcomes on protein function. Such outcomes might arise from changes in the internal protein communication network, which is often accompanied by changes in structural flexibility. To test this, we calculated flexibilities (“DFI”) and dynamic coupling (“DCI”) for positions in the linker region of the lactose repressor protein (“LacI”). This region contains nonconserved positions for which substitutions alter DNA binding affinity. We first chose to study eleven substitutions at position 52. In computations, substitutions showed long-range effects on flexibilities of DNA binding positions, and the degree of flexibility change correlated with experimentally-measured changes in DNA binding. Substitutions also altered dynamic coupling to DNA binding positions in a manner that captured other experimentally-determined functional changes. Next, we broadened calculations to consider the dynamic coupling between 17 linker positions and the DNA binding domain. Experimentally, these linker positions exhibited a wide range of substitution outcomes: Four conserved positions tolerated almost no substitutions (“toggle”), ten nonconserved positions showed progressive changes from a range of substitutions (“rheostat”), and three nonconserved positions tolerated almost all substitutions (“neutral”). In computations with wild-type LacI, the dynamic couplings between the DNA binding domain and these linker positions showed varied degrees of asymmetry that correlated with the observed toggle/rheostat/neutral substitution outcomes. Thus, we propose that long-range and non-canonical substitutions outcomes at nonconserved positions arise from re-wiring long-range communication among functionally-important positions. Such calculations might enable predictions for substitution outcomes at a range of nonconserved positions.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campitelli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.185207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substitutions at Non-Conserved Rheostat Positions Modulate Function by Re-Wiring Long-Range, Dynamic Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entrainment of network activity by closed-loop microstimulation in healthy ambulatory rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.196725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As our understanding of how motor output is generated increases, it is clear that there is a need to understand the interactions of multiple distinct regions rather than just the output properties of primary motor cortex. This becomes even more imperative when trying to understand how different regions may contribute to recovery following injury. In this study we used a technique that promotes functional motor recovery after injury, activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), to determine the short- and long-term effects on network activity and neuroplasticity of intracortical connections. ADS uses recorded neural activity to trigger stimulation of the brain and may be utilized to manipulate neuronal connectivity in vivo, representing a novel technique to shape intrinsic neuroplasticity. The aim of this work was to compare the effect of ADS to randomly-generated stimulation (RS) of the somatosensory area (S1) on the single units patterns of activity taking place in the premotor cortex (RFA) and to investigate whether synaptic plasticity changes occur in S1 as a consequence of 21 consecutive days of stimulation. In particular, we examined both firing rate changes and correlation between spiking activity and stimuli in chronically-implanted healthy ambulatory rats during both spontaneous and evoked activity, resulting from the two stimulation paradigms. Finally, we evaluated changes in expression of synaptophysin at the end of the treatment. This experimental procedure demonstrated the ability of ADS to modulate firing properties of RFA within daily recording sessions and to promote synaptogenesis in S1, further strengthening the idea that this Hebbian-inspired protocol can be used to effectively modulate cortical connectivity and thus suggesting its translational potential for promoting recovery after brain injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alberto Averna</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Page Hayley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maxwell  D. Murphy</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimmy Nguyen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stefano Buccelli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Federico Barban</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph J. Nudo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michela Chiappalone</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David  J. Guggenmos</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.196725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entrainment of network activity by closed-loop microstimulation in healthy ambulatory rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe North American tiger salamander species complex, including its best-known species, the Mexican axolotl, has long been a source of biological fascination. The complex exhibits a wide range of variation in developmental life history strategies, including populations and individuals that undergo metamorphosis, those able to forego metamorphosis and retain a larval, aquatic lifestyle (i.e., paedomorphosis), and those that do both. This life history variation has been assumed to lead to reproductive isolation and speciation, but the degree to which it has shaped population- and species-level divergence is poorly understood. Using a large multi-locus dataset from hundreds of samples across North America, we identified genetic clusters across the geographic range of the tiger salamander complex. These clusters often contain a mixture of paedomorphic and metamorphic taxa, indicating that geographic isolation has played a larger role in lineage divergence than paedomorphosis in this system. This conclusion is bolstered by geography-informed analyses indicating no effect of life history strategy on population genetic differentiation and by model-based analyses demonstrating gene flow between adjacent metamorphic and paedomorphic populations. This fine-scale genetic perspective on life-history variation establishes a framework for understanding how plasticity, local adaptation, and gene flow contribute to lineage divergence. Many members of the tiger salamander complex are endangered, and the Mexican axolotl is an important model system in regenerative and biomedical research. Our results chart a course for more informed use of these taxa in experimental, ecological, and conservation research.

SO_SCPLOWIGNIFICANCEC_SCPLOW SO_SCPLOWTATEMENTC_SCPLOWPopulation structure and speciation are shaped by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. The tiger salamander complex has been considered to be a key group where life history variation has led to a rapid rate of speciation, driven in large part by the evolution of obligate paedomorphosis-a condition where adults maintain an aquatic, larval phenotype. Using a large multi-locus dataset, we present evidence of gene flow between taxa with different life history strategies, suggesting that obligate paedomorphosis is not a strong driver of speciation in the tiger salamander complex. Many of these nominal taxa are listed as critically endangered, and our genetic results provide information and guidance that will be useful for their conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kathryn Michelle Everson</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levi N Gray</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angela G Jones</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolette M Lawrence</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mary E Foley</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly L Sovacool</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Justin D Kratovil</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott Hotaling</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul M Hime</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrew Storfer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabriela Parra-Olea</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>X Aguilar-Miguel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eric M O'Neill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luis Zambrano</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H Bradley Shaffer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David W Weisrock</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.197624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Peptide Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (Pep-GaMD): Enhanced sampling and free energy calculations of peptide binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.200774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides mediate up to 40% of known protein-protein interactions in higher eukaryotes and play an important role in cellular signaling. However, it is challenging to simulate both binding and unbinding of peptides and calculate peptide binding free energies through conventional molecular dynamics, due to long biological timescales and extremely high flexibility of the peptides. Based on the Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) enhanced sampling technique, we have developed a new computational method "Pep-GaMD", which selectively boosts essential potential energy of the peptide in order to effectively model its high flexibility. In addition, another boost potential is applied to the remaining potential energy of the entire system in a dual-boost algorithm. Pep-GaMD has been demonstrated on binding of three model peptides to the SH3 domains. Independent 1 s dual-boost Pep-GaMD simulations have captured repetitive peptide dissociation and binding events, which enable us to calculate peptide binding thermodynamics and kinetics. The calculated binding free energies and kinetic rate constants agreed very well with available experimental data. Furthermore, the all-atom Pep-GaMD simulations have provided important insights into the mechanism of peptide binding to proteins that involves long-range electrostatic interactions and mainly conformational selection. In summary, Pep-GaMD provides a highly efficient, easy-to-use approach for unconstrained enhanced sampling and calculations of peptide binding free energies and kinetics.

Significance StatementWe have developed a new computational method "Pep-GaMD" for enhanced sampling of peptide-protein interactions based on the Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) technique. Pep-GaMD works by selectively boosting the essential potential energy of the peptide to effectively model its high flexibility. In addition, another boost potential can be applied to the remaining potential energy of the entire system in a dual-boost algorithm. Pep-GaMD has been demonstrated on binding of three model peptides to the SH3 domains. Dual-boost Pep-GaMD has captured repetitive peptide dissociation and binding events within significantly shorter simulation time (microsecond) than conventional molecular dynamics. Compared with previous enhanced sampling methods, Pep-GaMD is easier to use and more efficient for unconstrained enhanced sampling of peptide binding and unbinding, which provides a novel physics-based approach to calculating peptide binding free energies and kinetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.200774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Peptide Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (Pep-GaMD): Enhanced sampling and free energy calculations of peptide binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.201376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A gene-level methylome-wide association analysis identifies novel Alzheimer's disease genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.201376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationTranscriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have successfully facilitated the discovery of novel genetic risk loci for many complex traits, including late-onset Alzheimers disease (AD). However, most existing TWAS methods rely only on gene expression and ignore epigenetic modification (i.e., DNA methylation) and functional regulatory information (i.e., enhancer-promoter interactions), both of which contribute significantly to the genetic basis of AD.

ResultsThis motivates us to develop a novel gene-level association testing method that integrates genetically regulated DNA methylation and enhancer-target gene pairs with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results. Through simulations, we show that our approach, referred to as the CMO (cross methylome omnibus) test, yielded well controlled type I error rates and achieved much higher statistical power than competing methods under a wide range of scenarios. Furthermore, compared with TWAS, CMO identified an average of 124% more associations when analyzing several brain imaging-related GWAS results. By analyzing to date the largest AD GWAS of 71,880 cases and 383,378 controls, CMO identified six novel loci for AD, which have been ignored by competing methods.

Availability and implementationSoftware: https://github.com/ChongWuLab/CMO

Contactcwu3@fsu.edu

Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>deng, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.201376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A gene-level methylome-wide association analysis identifies novel Alzheimer's disease genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Voluntary wheel running improves outcomes in an early life stress-induced model of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome in male mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with a history of early life stress (ELS) exposure have an increased risk of developing chronic pain and mood disorders later in life. The severity of ELS in patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) is directly correlated with symptom severity and increased comorbidity, and is inversely related to likelihood of improvement. Voluntary exercise improves chronic pain symptoms and our group and others have shown that voluntary wheel running can improve outcomes in stress-induced UCPPS models, suggesting that exercise may negate some of the outcomes associated with ELS. Here we provide further evidence that voluntary wheel running can attenuate increased perigenital mechanical sensitivity, bladder output, and mast cell degranulation in the bladder and prostate in male mice that underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Sedentary male NMS mice had reduced serum corticosterone, which was not impacted by voluntary wheel running, although stress-related regulatory gene expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus was significantly increased following exercise. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was diminished in sedentary NMS mice and significantly increased in both exercised naive and NMS mice. Sucrose consumption increased in exercised naive but not NMS mice, and anxiety behaviors measured on an elevated plus maze were increased following exercise. Together these data suggest that voluntary wheel running is sufficient to normalize many of the UCPPS-related outcomes resulting from NMS. Exercise also increased hippocampal neurogenesis and stress-related gene expression within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, further supporting exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for attenuating outcomes related to ELS exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brake, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eller, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supple, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.212480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Voluntary wheel running improves outcomes in an early life stress-induced model of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome in male mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ERβ regulated ovarian kisspeptin plays an important role in oocyte maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.223693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kisspeptin (KISS1) signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis plays essential role in regulating gonadotropin secretion. KISS1 and KISS1 receptor (KISS1R) are also expressed in the ovary; however, the role of intraovarian KISS1 signaling remains largely unclear. Granulosa cell (GC)-specific expression of KISS1, and oocyte-specific expression of KISS1R indicate that GC-derived KISS1 may act on oocytes. Expression of KISS1 in GCs is induced by gonadotropins but it is absent in estrogen receptor {beta} knockout (Er{beta}null) rats. We also observed that gonadotropin stimulation failed to induce maturation of Er{beta}null oocytes. Interestingly, KISS1 treatment of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) isolated from antral follicles promotes in vitro maturation of oocytes. Treatment of oocytes with KISS1 induced intracellular Ca2+ release, and increased activation of MAP kinase ERK1/2. KISS1 treatment also induced the expression of oocyte genes that are crucial for differentiation of GCs, and maturation of oocytes. Our findings suggest that ovarian KISS1-signaling plays an important role in gonadotropin induced follicle development and oocyte maturation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roby, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.223693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ERβ regulated ovarian kisspeptin plays an important role in oocyte maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.246991v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Geographic potential of the world largest hornet, Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), worldwide and particularly in North America 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.11.246991v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Asian giant hornet (AGH, Vespa mandarinia) is the worlds largest hornet, occurring naturally in the Indomalayan region, where it is a voracious predator of pollinating insects including honey bees. In September 2019, a nest of Asian giant hornets was detected outside of Vancouver, British Columbia and in May 2020 an individual was detected nearby in Washington state, indicating that the AGH successfully overwintered in North America. Because hornets tend to spread rapidly and become pests, reliable estimates of the potential invasive range of V. mandarinia in North America are needed to assess likely human and economic impacts, and to guide future eradication attempts. Here, we assess climatic suitability for AGH in North America, and suggest that, without control, this species could establish populations across the Pacific Northwest and much of eastern North America. Predicted suitable areas for AGH in North America overlap broadly with areas where honey production is highest, as well as with species-rich areas for native bumble bees and stingless bees of the genus Melipona in Mexico, highlighting the economic and environmental necessity of controlling this nascent invasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nunez-Penichet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Olvera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRaad, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkishe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Contreras-Diaz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nava-Bolanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Utzumi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeboje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.11.246991</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Geographic potential of the world largest hornet, Vespa mandarinia Smith (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), worldwide and particularly in North America]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.259440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breast cancer endocrine therapy exhausts adipocyte progenitors promoting weight gain and glucose intolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.259440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer survivors treated with anti-estrogen therapies report weight gain and have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, we show that current tamoxifen use associated with larger breast adipocyte diameter only in women with a BMI >30 kg/m2. To understand the mechanisms behind these clinical findings, we investigated the impact of estrogen deprivation and tamoxifen in a relevant pre-clinical model of obesity. Specifically, mature female mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed either a low-fat/low-sucrose (LFLS) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Consistent with the high expression of Esr1 observed in single-cell RNA sequencing of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, endocrine therapies induced adipose accumulation and preadipocyte expansion, but resulted in adipocyte progenitor depletion only in the context of HFHS. Consequently, 7-week endocrine therapy supported adipocyte hypertrophy and was associated with hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance, particularly in HFHS fed females. Metformin or pioglitazone, glucose lowering drugs used to treat diabetes, prevented the effects of tamoxifen but not estrogen deprivation on adipocyte size and insulin resistance in HFHS-fed mice. This translational study suggests that endocrine therapies act via ER to directly disrupt adipocyte progenitors and support adipocyte hypertrophy, leading to ectopic lipid deposition that may promote hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Interventions that target insulin action should be considered for some women receiving life-saving endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scalzo, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foright, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hull, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knaub, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson-Murguia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinanee, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freije, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verzosa, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houck, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A. M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacLean, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reusch, J. E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright-Hobart, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wellberg, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.21.259440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breast cancer endocrine therapy exhausts adipocyte progenitors promoting weight gain and glucose intolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.271130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long Period Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Infection of in Vitro Cultured Polarized Human Airway Epithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.271130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates throughout human airways. The polarized human airway epithelium (HAE) cultured at an airway-liquid interface (HAE-ALI) is an in vitro model mimicking the in vivo human mucociliary airway epithelium and supports the replication of SARS-CoV-2. However, previous studies only characterized short-period SARS-CoV-2 infection in HAE. In this study, continuously monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 infection in HAE-ALI cultures for a long period of up to 51 days revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection was long lasting with recurrent replication peaks appearing between an interval of approximately 7-10 days, which was consistent in all the tested HAE-ALI cultures derived from 4 lung bronchi of independent donors. We also identified that SARS-CoV-2 does not infect HAE from the basolateral side, and the dominant SARS-CoV-2 permissive epithelial cells are ciliated cells and goblet cells, whereas virus replication in basal cells and club cells was not detectable. Notably, virus infection immediately damaged the HAE, which is demonstrated by dispersed Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression without clear tight junctions and partial loss of cilia. Importantly, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 productive infection of HAE requires a high viral load of 2.5 x 105 virions per cm2 of epithelium. Thus, our studies highlight the importance of a high viral load and that epithelial renewal initiates and maintains a recurrent infection of HAE with SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vorhies, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.271130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long Period Modeling SARS-CoV-2 Infection of in Vitro Cultured Polarized Human Airway Epithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.275982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Essential role for FtsL in activation of septal PG synthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.275982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal regulation of septal PG synthesis is achieved by coupling assembly and activation of the synthetic enzymes (FtsWI) to the Z ring, a cytoskeletal element required for division in most bacteria. In E. coli the recruitment of the FtsWI complex is dependent upon the cytoplasmic domain of FtsL, a component of the conserved FtsQLB complex. Once assembled, FtsWI is activated by the arrival of FtsN, which acts through FtsQLB and FtsA that are also essential for their recruitment. However, the mechanism of activation of FtsWI by FtsN is not clear. Here, we identify a region of FtsL that plays a key role in the activation of FtsWI which we designate AWI (Activation of FtsWI) and present evidence that FtsL acts through FtsI. Our results suggest that FtsN switches FtsQLB from a recruitment complex to an activator with FtsL interacting with FtsI to activate FtsW. Since FtsQLB and FtsWI are widely conserved in bacteria this mechanism is likely to be also widely conserved.

SignificanceA critical step in bacterial cytokinesis is the activation of septal peptidoglycan synthesis at the Z ring. Although FtsN is the trigger and acts through FtsQLB and FtsA to activate FtsWI the mechanism is unclear. Here we find an essential role for FtsL in activating septal PG synthesis and find that it acts on FtsI. Our results suggest a model where FtsWI is recruited in an inactive form by FtsQLB and upon FtsN arrival, FtsQLB undergoes a conformational change so that a region of FtsL, that we designate the AWI domain, becomes available to interact with FtsI and activate the FtsWI complex. This mechanism for activation of the divisome has similarities to activation of the elongasome and is likely to be widely conserved in bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.275982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Essential role for FtsL in activation of septal PG synthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.285650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental evolution confirms signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.285650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparative genomics has contributed to the growing evidence that sexual selection is an important component of evolutionary divergence and speciation. Divergence by sexual selection is implicated in faster rates of divergence of the X chromosome and of genes thought to underlie sexually selected traits, including genes that are sex-biased in expression. However, accurately inferring the relative importance of complex and interacting forms of natural selection, demography and neutral processes which occurred in the evolutionary past is challenging. Experimental evolution provides an opportunity to apply controlled treatments for multiple generations and examine the consequent genomic divergence. Here we altered sexual selection intensity, elevating sexual selection in polyandrous lines and eliminating it in monogamous lines, and examined patterns of divergence in the genome of Drosophila pseudoobscura after more than 160 generations of experimental evolution. Divergence is not uniform across the genome but concentrated in "islands", many of which contain candidate genes implicated in mating behaviours and other sexually selected phenotypes. These are more often seen on the X chromosome, which shows divergence greater than neutral expectations. There are characteristic signatures of selection seen in these regions, with lower diversity and greater FST on the X chromosome than the autosomes, and differences in diversity on the autosomes between selection regimes. Reduced Tajimas D implies that selective sweeps have occurred within some of the divergent regions, despite considerable recombination. These changes are associated with both differential gene expression between the lines and sex-biased gene expression within the lines. Our results are very similar to those thought to implicate sexual selection in divergence in natural populations, and hence provide experimental support for the likely role of sexual selection in driving such types of genetic divergence, but also illustrate how variable outcomes can be for different genomic regions.

Impact SummaryHow does sexual selection contribute to the divergence of genomes? It is often thought that sexual selection is a potent force in evolutionary divergence, but finding  signatures of sexual selection in the genome is not straight-forward, and has been quite controversial recently. Here we used experimental evolution to allow replicate populations of fruit fly to evolve under relaxed or strengthened sexual selection for over 160 generations, then sequenced their genomes to see how they had diverged. The features we find are very similar to those reported in populations of natural species thought to be under strong sexual selection. We found that genomic divergence was concentrated in small patches of the genome rather than widespread. These are more often seen on the X chromosome, which overall shows especially elevated divergence. There are also characteristic signatures of selection seen in these regions, with lower genetic diversity suggesting that selection was strong in these regions. The changes are associated with both differential gene expression between the lines and sex-biased gene expression within the lines. Many of the patches of divergence also contain candidate genes implicated in mating behaviours and other sexually selected phenotypes. Our results provide experimental support for the likely role of sexual selection in driving such types of genetic divergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiberg, R. A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltsos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snook, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.07.285650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental evolution confirms signatures of sexual selection in genomic divergence.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.258160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Lonidamine Derivative H2-Gamendazole Reduces Cyst Formation in Polycystic Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.258160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a debilitating renal neoplastic disorder with limited treatment options. It is characterized by the formation of large fluid-filled cysts that develop from kidney tubules through abnormal cell proliferation and cyst-filling fluid secretion driven by cAMP-dependent Cl- secretion. We have examined the effectiveness of the indazole carboxylic acid, H2-gamendazole (H2-GMZ), a derivative of lonidamine, to inhibit these processes and cyst formation using in vitro and in vivo models of ADPKD. H2-GMZ was effective in rapidly blocking forskolin-induced, Cl--mediated short-circuit currents in human ADPKD cells at 1 M and it significantly inhibited both cAMP- and EGF-induced proliferation of ADPKD cells with an IC50 of 5-10 M. Western blot analysis of H2-GMZ-treated ADPKD cells showed decreased phosphorylated ERK and hyperphosphorylated Rb levels. H2-GMZ treatment also decreased ErbB2, Akt, and Cdk4, consistent with inhibition of the chaperone Hsp90, and reduced the levels of the CFTR Cl- channel. H2-GMZ-treated ADPKD cultures contained a higher proportion of smaller cells with fewer and smaller lamellipodia and decreased cytoplasmic actin staining, and they were unable to accomplish wound closure even at low H2-GMZ concentrations, consistent with an alteration in the actin cytoskeleton and decreased cell motility. Studies using mouse metanephric organ cultures showed that H2-GMZ inhibited cAMP-stimulated cyst growth and enlargement. In vivo, H2-GMZ (20mg/kg) was effective in slowing postnatal cyst formation and kidney enlargement in the Pkd1flox/flox:Pkhd1-Cre mouse model. Thus, H2-GMZ treatment decreases Cl- secretion, cell proliferation, cell motility, and cyst growth. These properties, along with its reported low toxicity, suggest that H2-GMZ might be an attractive candidate for treatment of ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sundar, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magenheimer, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reif, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georg, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakkaraj, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tash, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvet, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.258160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Lonidamine Derivative H2-Gamendazole Reduces Cyst Formation in Polycystic Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.288696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Radiation induced toxicity in rectal epithelial stem cell contributes to acute radiation injury in rectum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.288696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRadiation induced rectal epithelial damage is a very common side effect of pelvic radiotherapy and often compromise the life quality and treatment outcome in patients with pelvic malignancies. Unlike small bowel and colon effect of radiation in rectal stem cells has not been explored extensively. Here we demonstrate that Lgr5 positive rectal stem cells are radiosensitive and organoid based transplantation of rectal stem cells mitigates radiation damage in rectum

MethodsC57Bl6 male mice (JAX) at 24 h was exposed to pelvic irradiation (PIR) to determine the radiation effect in pelvic epithelium. Effect PIR on Lgr5-positive rectal stem cells (RSCs) was determined in Lgr5-EGFP-Cre-ERT2 mice exposed to PIR. Effect PIR or clinically relevant fractionated PIR on regenerative response of Lgr5-positive RSCs was examined by lineage tracing assay using Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2; Rosa26-CAG-tdTomato mice with tamoxifen administration to activate Cre recombinase and thereby marking the ISC and their respective progeny. Ex vivo three-dimensional organoid cultures were developed from Lgr5-EGFP-Cre-ERT2 mice. Organoid growth was determined by quantifying the budding crypt/total crypt ratio. Organoids from Lgr5-EGFP-ires-CreERT2-TdT mice were transplanted in C57Bl6 male mice exposed to PIR. Engraftment and repopulation of Lgr5-positive RSCs were determined after tamoxifen administration to activate Cre recombinase in recipient mice. Statistical analysis was performed using Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test and paired two-tail t test.

ResultExposure to pelvic irradiation significantly damaged rectal epithelium with the loss of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells. Radio-sensitivity of rectal epithelium was also observed with exposure to clinically relevant fractionated pelvic irradiation. Regenerative capacity of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells were compromised in response to fractionated pelvic irradiation. Ex-vivo organoid study demonstrated that Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells are sensitive to both single and fractionated radiation. Organoid based transplantation of Lgr5+ve rectal stem cells promote repair and regeneration of rectal epithelium.

ConclusionLgr5 positive rectal stem cells are radio-sensitive and contribute to radiation induced rectal epithelial toxicity. Transplantation of Lgr5 positive rectal stem cells mitigates radiation induced rectal injury and promote repair and regeneration process in rectum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tirado, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castro-Nallar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olea, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamanca, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.288696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Radiation induced toxicity in rectal epithelial stem cell contributes to acute radiation injury in rectum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.289645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IFT-A deficiency in juvenile mice impairs biliary development and exacerbates ADPKD liver disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.289645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is characterized by the growth of numerous biliary cysts and presents in patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), causing significant morbidity. Interestingly, deletion of intraflagellar transport-B (IFT-B) genes in adult mouse models of ADPKD attenuates severity of PKD and PLD. Here we examine the role of deletion of IFT-A gene, Thm1, in PLD of juvenile and adult Pkd2 conditional knock-out mice. Perinatal deletion of Thm1 results in disorganized and expanded biliary regions, biliary fibrosis, shortened primary cilia on CK19+ biliary epithelial cells, and reduced Notch signaling. In contrast, perinatal deletion of Pkd2 causes PLD, with multiple CK19+ biliary epithelial cell-lined cysts, fibrosis, lengthened primary cilia, and increased Notch and ERK signaling. Perinatal deletion of Thm1 in Pkd2 conditional knock-out mice increased hepatomegaly and liver necrosis, indicating enhanced liver disease severity. In contrast to effects in the developing liver, deletion of Thm1 in adult mice, alone and together with Pkd2, did not cause a biliary phenotype nor affect Pkd2-mutant PLD, respectively. However, similar to juvenile PLD, Notch and ERK signaling were increased in adult Pkd2-mutant cyst-lining cholangiocytes. Taken together, Thm1 is required for biliary tract development, likely by enabling Notch signaling, and proper biliary development restricts PLD severity. Unlike IFT-B genes, Thm1 does not affect hepatic cystogenesis, suggesting divergent regulation of signaling and cystogenic processes in the liver by IFT-B and -A. Notably, increased Notch signaling in cyst-lining cholangiocytes may indicate that aberrant activation of this pathway promotes hepatic cystogenesis, presenting as a novel potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pottorf, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavanaugh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornelius, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.289645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IFT-A deficiency in juvenile mice impairs biliary development and exacerbates ADPKD liver disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A long-range chromatin interaction regulates SATB homeobox 1 gene expression in trophoblast stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.11.294181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SATB homeobox proteins are important regulators of developmental gene expression. Among the stem cell lineages determined during early embryonic development, trophoblast stem (TS) cells exhibit robust SATB expression. Both SATB1 and SATB2 act to maintain trophoblast stem-state. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TS-specific Satb expression are not yet known. We identified Satb1 variant 2 as the predominant transcript in trophoblasts. Histone marks, and RNA polymerase II occupancy in TS cells indicated active state of the promoter. A novel cis-regulatory region with active histone marks was identified [~]21kbp upstream of variant 2 promoter. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated disruption of this sequence decreased Satb1 expression in TS cells and chromatin conformation capture confirmed looping of this regulatory region into the promoter. Scanning position weight matrices across the enhancer predicted two ELF5 binding sites in close vicinity of SATB1 sites, which were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of ELF5 downregulated Satb1 expression in TS cells and overexpression of ELF5 increased the enhancer-reporter activity. Interestingly, ELF5 interacts with SATB1 in TS cells, and the enhancer activity was upregulated following SATB overexpression. Our findings indicate that trophoblast-specific Satb1 expression is regulated by long-range chromatin looping of an enhancer that interacts with ELF5 and SATB proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Starks, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.11.294181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A long-range chromatin interaction regulates SATB homeobox 1 gene expression in trophoblast stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential expression of transposable elements in stem cell lineages of the preimplantation embryo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Approximately half of the human genome is comprised of transposable elements (TEs), which are genetic elements capable of amplifying themselves within the genome. Throughout the course of human life, TEs are expressed in germ cells, the preimplantation embryo, and the placenta but silenced elsewhere. However, the functions of TEs during embryonic development are poorly understood. Trophoblast stem (TS), embryonic stem (ES), and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells are cell lineages derived from the preimplantation embryo and known to have different TE silencing mechanisms. Thus, it is likely distinct TEs are expressed in each lineage and that proteins coded by these TEs have lineage-specific functions. The purpose of this research was to determine which TEs are expressed in each of these stem cell lineages and to compare expression levels between lineages. Each lineages transcriptome was analyzed by quantifying TE expression in RNA-sequencing data from mouse stem cells. Expression data were then used for differential expression analyses performed between the cell types. It was found that certain families of TEs are distinctly expressed in certain lineages, suggesting expression of these families may be involved in the differentiation and development of each lineage, the understanding of which can lead to improved stem cell therapies and capacity to study human embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.13.295501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential expression of transposable elements in stem cell lineages of the preimplantation embryo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SATB homeobox 1 regulated genes in the mouse ectoplacental cone are important for placental development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.13.295584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SATB homeobox 1 (SATB1) is abundantly expressed in the stem-state of trophoblast cells but downregulated during trophoblast differentiation. It is also expressed in high levels in the mouse ectoplacental cones (EPCs). We detected that SATB1 is involved in maintaining the self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells and inhibiting trophoblast differentiation. In this study, we have identified SATB1-regulated genes in the mouse EPC and analyzed their potential functions. A total of 1618 differentially expressed genes were identified in Satb1null EPCs by mRNA sequencing. Remarkably 90% of the differentially expressed genes were found to be upregulated in Satb1null EPCs suggesting a transcriptional repressor role of SATB1 in mouse trophoblast cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in Satb1null EPCs are particularly linked to WNT and TGF{beta} signaling pathways, which regulate self-renewal of stem cells and cell differentiation. Moreover, twenty-six of the EPC genes that are known to be involved in placental development including Eomes, Epas1, Fgfr2, Cdkn1c, and Plac9 were found dysregulated in Satb1null EPCs due to the loss of SATB1 expression. These genes are particularly involved in the formation of labyrinthine zone. Our results emphasize that SATB1-regulated genes in the mouse EPC contribute to key roles in the regulation of trophoblast differentiation and placental development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.13.295584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SATB homeobox 1 regulated genes in the mouse ectoplacental cone are important for placental development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.296756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High yield preparation of outer-membrane protein efflux pumps by in vitro refolding is concentration dependent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.296756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Overexpression of tripartite efflux pump systems in gram-negative bacteria are a principal component of antibiotic resistance. High-yield purification of the outer membrane component of these systems will enable biochemical and structural interrogation of their mechanisms of action and allow testing of compounds that target them. However, preparation of these proteins is typically hampered by low yields requiring laborious large-scale efforts. If refolding conditions can be found, refolding these proteins from inclusion bodies can lead to increased yields as compared to membrane isolations. Here, we develop a concentration-dependent folding protocol for refolding TolC, the outer membrane component of the antibiotic efflux pump from Escherichia coli. We show that by our method of re-folding, homotrimeric TolC remains folded in SDS-PAGE, retains binding to an endogenous ligand, and recapitulates the known crystal structure by single particle cryoEM analysis. We find that a key factor in successful re-folding is a concentration dependence of TolC oligomerization. We extended the scheme to CmeC, a homologous protein from Campylobacter jejuni, and find that concentration-dependent oligomerization is a general feature of these systems. Because outer-membrane efflux pump components are ubiquitous across gram-negative species, we anticipate that incorporating a concentration step in re-folding protocols will promote correct refolding allowing for reliable, high-yield preparation of this family of proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Budiardjo, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ikujuni, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firlar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaelber, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.296756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High yield preparation of outer-membrane protein efflux pumps by in vitro refolding is concentration dependent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Structures of SctK and SctD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveal the Interface of the Type III Secretion System Basal Body and Sorting Platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.22.308627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to subvert normal cellular functions. The T3SS apparatus (injectisome) shares a common overall architecture in all systems studied thus far, comprising three major components - the cytoplasmic sorting platform, the envelope-spanning basal body and the external needle with controlling tip complex. The sorting platform consists of an ATPase (SctN) connected to "pods" (SctQ) having six-fold symmetry via radial spokes (SctL). These pods interface with the 24-fold symmetric SctD inner membrane ring (IR) via an adaptor protein (SctK). Here we report the first high-resolution structure of a SctK protein family member, PscK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the structure of its interacting partner, the cytoplasmic domain of PscD (SctD). The cytoplasmic domain of PscD forms a forkhead-associated (FHA) fold, like that of its homologues from other T3SS. PscK, on the other hand, forms a helix-rich structure that does not resemble any known protein fold. Based on these structural findings, we present the first model for an interaction between proteins from the sorting platform and the IR. We also test the importance of the PscD residues predicted to mediate this electrostatic interaction using a two-hybrid analysis. The functional need for Arg96 in vivo was then confirmed by monitoring secretion of the effector ExoU. These structures will contribute to the development of atomic-resolution models of the entire sorting platform and to our understanding of the mechanistic interface between the sorting platform and the basal body of the injectisome.

HighlightsO_LIThe structures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PscD (SctD) and PscK (SctK) were solved
C_LIO_LIThe interface between the T3SS basal body and sorting platform was modeled
C_LIO_LIThe crystal structure of PscK is the first for any SctK family member
C_LIO_LIPscK represents a novel protein fold
C_LIO_LISite-directed mutagenesis supports a computational model of the PscD-PscK interface
C_LI



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=142 SRC="FIGDIR/small/308627v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (59K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1efcf14org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1043d81org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@161f21corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15e4357_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical abstract.

The first reported structure for a T3SS SctK protein family member was solved for PscK from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this allowed for modeling of the interface between this sorting platform protein and the cytoplasmic domain of PscD (a SctD protein family member). This allowed for identification of amino acid residues that may play a role in the interaction between these proteins. The interface appears to be dominated by electrostatic interactions and mutagenesis confirmed the importance of key residues in driving their interaction based on two-hybrid analysis.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Muthuramalingam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tachiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picking, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picking, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.22.308627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Structures of SctK and SctD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Reveal the Interface of the Type III Secretion System Basal Body and Sorting Platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing Ionic Selectivity In Acetyltransferase Chemoproteomic Probes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.24.311530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical proteomics provides a powerful strategy for the high-throughput assignment of enzyme function or inhibitor selectivity. However, identifying optimized probes for an enzyme family member of interest and differentiating signal from background remain persistent challenges in the field. To address this obstacle, here we report a physiochemical discernment strategy for optimizing chemical proteomics based on the Coenzyme A (CoA) cofactor. First, we synthesize a pair of CoA-based Sepharose pulldown resins differentiated by a single negatively charged residue, and find this change alters their capture properties in gel-based profiling experiments. Next, we integrate these probes with quantitative proteomics and benchmark analysis of  probe selectivity versus traditional  competitive chemical proteomics. This reveals the former is well-suited for the identification of optimized pulldown probes for specific enzyme family members, while the latter may have advantages in discovery applications. Finally, we apply our anionic CoA pulldown probe to evaluate the selectivity of a recently reported small molecule N-terminal acetyltransferase inhibitor. These studies further validate the use of physical discriminant strategies in chemoproteomic hit identification and demonstrate how CoA-based chemoproteomic probes can be used to evaluate the selectivity of small molecule protein acetyltransferase inhibitors, an emerging class of pre-clinical therapeutic agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montano, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, P.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krajewski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.311530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing Ionic Selectivity In Acetyltransferase Chemoproteomic Probes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.295550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Granulosa cell genes that regulate ovarian follicle development beyond the antral stage: the role of estrogen receptor β 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.295550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Follicle development beyond the preantral stage is dependent on gonadotropins. FSH signaling is crucial for the advancement of preantral follicles to the antral stage, and LH signaling is essential for further maturation of preovulatory follicles. Estrogen is intricately tied to gonadotropin signaling during the advanced stages of folliculogenesis. We observed that Er{beta}null ovarian follicles fail to develop beyond the antral stage, even after exogenous gonadotropin stimulation. As ER{beta} is primarily expressed in the granulosa cells (GCs), we explored the gonadotropin-regulated GC genes that induce maturation of antral follicles. Synchronized follicle development was induced by administration of exogenous gonadotropins to wildtype 4-wk-old female rats. The GC transcriptome was analyzed via RNA-sequencing before and after gonadotropin stimulation. An Er{beta}null mutant model that fails to show follicle maturation was also included in order to identify the ER{beta}-regulated genes involved at this step. We observed that specific groups of genes were differentially expressed in response to PMSG or hCG administration in wildtype rats. While some of the PMSG or hCG-induced genes showed a similar expression pattern in Er{beta}null GCs, a subset of PMSG- or hCG-induced genes showed a differential expression in Er{beta}null GCs. These latter ER{beta}-regulated genes included previously known FSH or LH target genes including Lhcgr, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, Pgr, Runx2, Egfr, Kiss1, and Ptgs2, which are involved in follicle development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. We also identified novel ER{beta}-regulated genes including Jaml, Galnt6, Znf750, Dusp9, Wnt16, and Mageb16 that failed to respond to gonadotropin stimulation in Er{beta}null GCs. Our findings indicate that the gonadotropin-induced spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression is essential for ovarian follicle maturation beyond the antral stage. However, expression of a subset of those gonadotropin-induced genes is dependent on transcriptional regulation by ER{beta}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roby, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.295550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Granulosa cell genes that regulate ovarian follicle development beyond the antral stage: the role of estrogen receptor β]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.315507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metagenomic Noncoding RNA Profiling and Biomarker Discovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.27.315507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Noncoding RNA plays important regulatory and functional roles in microorganisms, such as gene expression regulation, signaling, protein synthesis, and RNA processing. Given its essential role in microbial physiology, it is natural to question whether we can use noncoding RNAs as biomarkers to distinguish among environments under different biological conditions, such as those between healthy versus disease status. The current metagenomic sequencing technology primarily generates short reads, which contain incomplete structural information that may complicate noncoding RNA homology detection. On the other hand, de novo assembly of the metagenomics sequencing data remains fragmentary and has a risk of missing low-abundant noncoding RNAs. To tackle these challenges, we have developed DRAGoM (Detection of RNA using Assembly Graph from Metagenomics data), a novel noncoding RNA homology search algorithm. DRAGoM operates on a metagenome assembly graph, rather than on unassembled reads or assembled contigs. Our benchmark experiments show DRAGoMs improved performance and robustness over the traditional approaches. We have further demonstrated DRAGoMs real-world applications in disease characterization via analyzing a real case-control gut microbiome dataset for Type-2 diabetes (T2D). DRAGoM revealed potential ncRNA biomarkers that can clearly separate the T2D gut microbiome from those of healthy controls. DRAGoM is freely available from https://github.com/benliu5085/DRAGoM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thippabhotla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.27.315507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metagenomic Noncoding RNA Profiling and Biomarker Discovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.317297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A high fat anti-inflammatory diet improves widespread allodynia despite worsening metabolic outcomes in adult mice exposed to neonatal maternal separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.317297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation plays a key role in the progression and maintenance of chronic pain, which impacts the lives of millions of Americans. Despite growing evidence that chronic pain can be improved by treating underlying inflammation, successful treatments are lacking and pharmaceutical interventions are limited due to drug side effects. Here we are testing whether an anti-inflammatory diet (AID) containing a combination of key anti-inflammatory compounds, at clinically relevant doses, improves pain-like behaviors in a preclinical model of chronic widespread hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation (NMS). Our results demonstrate a benefit of the AID on pain-like behaviors, despite the diet being high in fat, which led to increased caloric intake, adiposity, and weight gain. The AID specifically increased measures of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in female mice, compared to an isocaloric, macronutrient-matched diet lacking the anti-inflammatory compounds. Male mice, especially those exposed to NMS, were equally susceptible to both diets worsening metabolic measures. This work highlights important sexual dimorphic outcomes related to early life stress exposure and dietary interventions, as well as a potential disconnect between improvements in pain-like behaviors and metabolic measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eller, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foright, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brake, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bantis, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.317297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A high fat anti-inflammatory diet improves widespread allodynia despite worsening metabolic outcomes in adult mice exposed to neonatal maternal separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Role of DOT1L Methyltransferase Activity in Fetal Hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.319889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early mammalian erythropoiesis requires the DOT1L methyltransferase. We demonstrated that loss of DOT1L in mutant mice resulted in lethal anemia during midgestation. The molecular mechanisms by which DOT1L regulates embryonic erythropoiesis have not yet been elucidated. In this study, a methyltransferase mutant mouse line (Dot1L-MM) was generated to determine whether the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L is essential for erythropoiesis. Dot1L-MM mice displayed embryonic lethality between embryonic days 10.5 and 13.5, similar to Dot1lL knockout (Dot1L-KO) mice. However, when examined at E10.5, unlike the Dot1L-KO, Dot1L-MM embryos did not exhibit evidence of anemia. In ex vivo hematopoietic differentiation cultures, Dot1L-KO and Dot1L-MM yolk sac (YS) cells both formed reduced numbers of myeloid, and mixed hematopoietic colonies. Erythroid colonies were able to be formed in numbers equal to wildtype embryos. Extensively self-renewing erythroblast (ESRE) cultures were established using YS cells from E10.5 embryos. Dot1L-KO and Dot1L-MM cells expanded significantly less than wild-type cells and exhibited increased cell death. Strikingly, Dot1L-KO and Dot1L-MM cells of YS origin exhibited profound genomic instability, implicating DOT1L methyltransferase activity in maintenance of the genome as well as viability of hematopoietic progenitors. Our results indicate that the methyltransferase activity of DOT1L plays an important role early murine hematopoiesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malcom, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piaseka-Srader, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.30.319889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Role of DOT1L Methyltransferase Activity in Fetal Hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DOT1L methyltransferase regulates the calcium influx in erythroid progenitor cells in response to erythropoietin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling plays a vital role in erythropoiesis by regulating proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. An important downstream response of EPO signaling is calcium influx, which is regulated by transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) proteins, particularly TRPC2 and TRPC6. While EPO induces Ca2+influx through TRPC2, TRPC6 inhibits the function of TRPC2. Thus, interactions between TRPC2 and TRPC6 regulate the rate of Ca2+influx in EPO-induced erythropoiesis. In this study, we observed that the expression of TRPC6 in c-KIT positive erythroid progenitor cells is regulated by DOT1L. DOT1L is a methyltransferase that plays an important role in many biological processes during embryonic development, including early erythropoiesis. We previously reported that Dot1L knockout (Dot1L-KO) hematopoietic progenitors in the yolk sac failed to develop properly, which resulted in lethal anemia. In this study, we have detected a marked downregulation of Trpc6 gene expression in Dot1L-KO progenitor cells in the yolk sac compared to wildtype. However, the expression of Trpc2, the positive regulator of Ca2+influx, remained unchanged. The promoter and the proximal region of the Trpc6 gene loci exhibited an enrichment of H3K79 methylation, which is mediated solely by DOT1L. As the loss of DOT1L affects the expression of TRPC6, which inhibits Ca2+influx by TRPC2, Dot1L-KO progenitor cells in the yolk sac exhibit accelerated and sustained high levels of Ca2+influx. Such heightened Ca2+ levels might have detrimental effects on the development of hematopoietic progenitor cells in response to erythropoietin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Housami, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsey, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.04.325746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DOT1L methyltransferase regulates the calcium influx in erythroid progenitor cells in response to erythropoietin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.329482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoid insecticides increases heat tolerance in honey bees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.07.329482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The European honey bee, Apis mellifera L., is the single most valuable managed pollinator in the world. Poor colony health or unusually high colony losses of managed honey bees result from myriad stressors, which are more harmful in combination. Climate change is expected to accentuate the effects of these stressors, but the physiological and behavioral responses of honey bees to high temperatures while under simultaneous pressure of one or more stressors remains largely unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that exposure to acute, sublethal doses of neonicotinoid insecticides reduce thermal tolerance in honey bees. We administered to bees oral doses of imidacloprid and acetamiprid at 1/5, 1/20, and 1/100 of LD50 and measured their heat tolerance 4 h post-feeding, using both dynamic and static protocols. Contrary to our expectations, acute exposure to sublethal doses of both pesticides resulted in higher thermal tolerance and greater survival rates of bees. Bees that ingested the higher doses of pesticides displayed a critical thermal maximum from 2 {degrees}C to 4 {degrees}C greater than that of the control group, and a reduction in mortality from 69% to 96%. Our study suggests a resilience of honey bees to high temperatures when other stressors are present, which is consistent with studies in other insects. We discuss the implications of these results and hypothesize that this compensatory effect is likely due to induction of heat shock proteins by the insecticides, which provides temporary protection from extremely high temperatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GONZALEZ, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hranitz, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGonigle, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manweiler, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barthell, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.07.329482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoid insecticides increases heat tolerance in honey bees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.331546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redesigning OmpA Loops Using Canonical Outer Membrane Protein Loop Structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.331546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer membrane proteins are all beta barrels and these barrels have a variety of well-documented loop conformations. Here we test the effect of three different loop types on outer membrane protein A (OmpA) folding. We designed twelve 5-residue loops and experimentally tested the effect of replacing the long loops of outer membrane protein OmpA with the designed loops. Our studies succeeded in creating the smallest known outer membrane barrel. We find that significant changes in OmpA loops do not have a strong overall effect on OmpA folding. However, when decomposing folding into a fast rate and a slow rate we find that changes in loops strongly affect the slow rate of OmpA folding. Extracellular loop types with higher levels of hydrogen bonds had more instances of increasing the slow folding rate and extracellular loop types with low levels of hydrogen bonds had more instances of decreasing the slow folding rate. Having the slow rate affected by loop composition is consistent with the slow rate being associated with the insertion step of outer membrane protein folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krise, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.331546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redesigning OmpA Loops Using Canonical Outer Membrane Protein Loop Structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DOT1L primarily acts as a transcriptional repressor in hematopoietic progenitor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.341255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DOT1L is essential for early hematopoiesis but the precise mechanisms remain largely unclear. The only known function of DOT1L is histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methylation. We generated two mouse models; a Dot1L-knockout (Dot1L-KO), and another possessing a point mutation in its methyltransferase domain (Dot1L-MM) to determine the role of its catalytic activity during early hematopoiesis. We observed that Dot1L-KO embryos suffered from severe anemia, while Dot1L-MM embryos showed minimal to no anemia. However, ex vivo culture of Dot1L-MM hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) exhibited defective development of myeloid and mixed progenitors. DOT1L is a well-recognized, cell-type specific epigenetic regulator of gene expression. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying such diverse hematopoietic properties of Dot1L-KO and Dot1L-MM HPCs, we examined their whole transcriptomes. Extensively self-renewing erythroblast (ESRE) cultures were established using yolk sac (YS) cells collected on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Dot1l-KO and Dot1l-MM cells expanded significantly less than the wildtype cells and showed slower progression through the cell cycle. Total RNA extracted from the wildtype and Dot1l-mutant ESRE cells were subjected to RNA-seq analyses. We observed that the majority (~82%) of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated in both of the Dot1L-mutants, which suggests that DOT1L predominantly acts as a transcriptional repressor in HPCs. We also observed that about ~40% of the DEGs were unique to either of the mutant group, suggesting that DOT1L possesses both methyltransferase domain-dependent and -independent functions. We further analyzed Gene Ontology and signaling pathways relevant to the DEGs common to both mutant groups and those that were unique to either group. Among the common DEGs, we observed upregulation of CDK inhibitors, which explains the cell cycle arrest in both of the Dot1L-mutant progenitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rtari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Housami, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malcom, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.341255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DOT1L primarily acts as a transcriptional repressor in hematopoietic progenitor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.18.344689v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quinomycin A reduces cyst progression in Polycystic Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.18.344689v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that affects cilia homeostasis and causes progressive growth of tubular-derived cysts within the kidney. Efforts to find safer drugs for PKD have increased in the past few years after the successful launch of tolvaptan, the first approved drug to combat autosomal dominant PKD progression. Here we investigate the effects of Quinomycin A on progression of PKD. Quinomycin A is a bis-intercalator peptide that has previously shown to be effective against cancer progression. Quinomycin A treatment decreased cyst progression of human ADPKD primary renal epithelial cells grown in a 3D collagen gel to form cysts. In an orthologous mouse model of PKD, Quinomycin A administration reduced kidney to body weight ratios, and reduced cystogenesis. This was accompanied by decreased cell proliferation and fibrosis. Quinomycin treatments efficiently reduced the expression of Notch pathway proteins, RBPjk and HeyL in kidneys of PKD mice. Interestingly, Quinomycin treatments also normalized cilia lengths of collecting duct cyst-lining renal epithelia of PKD mice. This is the first preclinical study to our knowledge that demonstrates Quinomycin A has protective effects against PKD progression, in part by reducing Notch signaling and renal epithelial cilia lengths. Our findings suggest Quinomycin A has potential therapeutic value for PKD patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Radadiya, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magenheimer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calvet, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.18.344689</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quinomycin A reduces cyst progression in Polycystic Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Septate junction proteins are required for egg elongation and border cell migration during oogenesis in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.19.346064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein components of the invertebrate occluding junction - known as the septate junction (SJ) - are required for morphogenetic developmental events during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. In order to determine whether SJ proteins are similarly required for morphogenesis during other developmental stages, we investigated the localization and requirement of four representative SJ proteins during oogenesis: Contactin, Macroglobulin complement-related, Neurexin IV, and Coracle. A number of morphogenetic processes occur during oogenesis, including egg elongation, formation of dorsal appendages, and border cell migration. We found that all four SJ proteins are expressed in egg chambers throughout oogenesis, with the highest and most sustained levels in the follicular epithelium (FE). In the FE, SJ proteins localize along the lateral membrane during early and mid-oogenesis, but become enriched in an apical-lateral domain (the presumptive SJ) by stage 10b. SJ protein relocalization requires the expression of other SJ proteins, as well as rab5 and rab11 in a manner similar to SJ biogenesis in the embryo. Knocking down the expression of these SJ proteins in follicle cells throughout oogenesis results in egg elongation defects and abnormal dorsal appendages. Similarly, reducing the expression of SJ genes in the border cell cluster results in border cell migration defects. Together, these results demonstrate an essential requirement for SJ genes in morphogenesis during oogenesis, and suggests that SJ proteins may have conserved functions in epithelial morphogenesis across developmental stages.

Article SummarySeptate junction (SJ) proteins are essential for forming an occluding junction in epithelial tissues of Drosophila melanogaster, and also for morphogenetic events that occur prior to the formation of the junction during embryogenesis. Here we show that SJ proteins are expressed in the follicular epithelium of egg chambers during oogenesis and are required for morphogenetic events including egg elongation, dorsal appendages formation, and border cell migration. Additionally, the formation of SJs during oogenesis is similar to that in embryonic epithelia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alhadyian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoaib, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.19.346064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Septate junction proteins are required for egg elongation and border cell migration during oogenesis in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HPF1-dependent PARP activation promotes LIG3-XRCC1-mediated backup pathway of Okazaki fragment ligation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.21.348292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA Ligase 1 (LIG1) is known as the major DNA ligase responsible for Okazaki fragment joining. Recent studies have implicated LIG3 complexed with XRCC1 as an alternative player in Okazaki fragment joining in cases where LIG1 is not functional, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, using a cell-free system derived from Xenopus egg extracts, we demonstrated the essential role of PARP1-HPF1 in LIG3-dependent Okazaki fragment joining. We found that Okazaki fragments were eventually ligated even in the absence of LIG1, employing in its place LIG3-XRCC1 which was recruited onto chromatins. Concomitantly, LIG1 deficiency induces ADP-ribosylation of histone H3 in a PARP1-HPF1-dependent manner. The depletion of PARP1 or HPF1 resulted in a failure to recruit LIG3 onto chromatin and a subsequent failure in Okazaki fragment joining in LIG1-depleted extracts. Importantly, Okazaki fragments were not ligated at all when LIG1 and XRCC1 were co-depleted. Our results suggest that a unique form of ADP-ribosylation signalling promotes the recruitment of LIG3 on chromatins and its mediation of Okazaki fragment joining as a backup system for LIG1 perturbation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumamoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishiyama, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiba, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyashita, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konishi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakanishi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.21.348292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HPF1-dependent PARP activation promotes LIG3-XRCC1-mediated backup pathway of Okazaki fragment ligation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutation-specific pathophysiological mechanisms define different neurodevelopmental disorders associated with SATB1 dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.352278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas large-scale statistical analyses can robustly identify disease-gene relationships, they do not accurately capture genotype-phenotype correlations or disease mechanisms. We use multiple lines of independent evidence to show that different variant types in a single gene, SATB1, cause clinically overlapping but distinct neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical evaluation of 42 individuals carrying SATB1 variants identified overt genotype-phenotype relationships, associated with different pathophysiological mechanisms, established by functional assays. Missense variants in the CUT1 and CUT2 DNA-binding domains result in stronger chromatin binding, increased transcriptional repression and a severe phenotype. Contrastingly, variants predicted to result in haploinsufficiency are associated with a milder clinical presentation. A similarly mild phenotype is observed for individuals with premature protein truncating variants that escape nonsense-mediated decay and encode truncated proteins, which are transcriptionally active but mislocalized in the cell. Our results suggest that in-depth mutation-specific genotype-phenotype studies are essential to capture full disease complexity and to explain phenotypic variability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>den Hoed, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boer, E. d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voisin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dingemans, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guex, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nellaker, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amudhavalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bena, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Zeev, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonagura, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruel, A.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chrast, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cimbalistien, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Study, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delot, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demurger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denomme-Pichon, A.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depienne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyment, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elpeleg, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faivre, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilissen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hachiya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamzavi Abedi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanebeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hehir-Kwa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horist, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jewell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joss, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashii, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kattentidt-Mouravieva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotzaer</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.23.352278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutation-specific pathophysiological mechanisms define different neurodevelopmental disorders associated with SATB1 dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.358077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untargeted Metabolomics of the Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus Reveals the Basis of Metabolic Strategies in Adaptation to Extreme Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.27.358077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insights from extreme-adapted organisms, which have evolved natural strategies for promoting survivability under severe environmental pressures, may help guide future research into novel approaches for enhancing human longevity. The cave-adapted Mexican tetra,Astyanax mexicanus, has attracted interest as a model system for metabolic resilience, a term we use to denote the property of maintaining robust health and longevity under conditions that would have highly deleterious effects in other organisms (Fig 1). Cave-dwelling populations of Mexi-can tetra exhibit elevated blood glucose and possess a mutation in the insulin receptor that in humans has been linked to Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, a condition characterized by severe insulin resistance that causes numerous developmental abnormalities, is highly associated with debilitating progression, and drastically reduces lifespan. In addition, cavefish develop large numbers of hypertrophic visceral adipocytes and possess vastly enriched stores of body fat compared to surface-dwelling counterparts. However, cavefish appear to avoid the progression of the respective pathologies typically associated with these conditions, such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), chronic tissue inflammation, impaired growth due to insulin dysregulation, and low survivability due to arterial disease. The metabolic strategies underlying the resilience properties of A. mexicanus cavefish, and how they relate to environmental challenges of the cave environment, are poorly understood. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomics study of long- and short-term fasting in two A. mexicanus cave populations and one surface population. We find that, although cave-fish share many similarities with metabolic syndrome normally associated with the human state of obesity, important differences emerge, including a reduction in cholesteryl esters and intermediates of protein glycation, and an increase in antioxidants and metabolites associated with hypoxia and longevity. We find important overlaps between metabolic alterations in cave-dwelling Mexican tetra and other models of resilience and extreme longevity, such as naked mole-rats, including enhanced reliance on sugars as an energy source and a trend toward more potent antioxidant activity. This work suggests that certain metabolic features associated with human pathologies are not intrinsically harmful, but are rather consequences of suboptimal adaptation of humans to survival under adverse metabolic conditions, and suggests promising avenues for future investigation into the role of metabolic strategies in evolutionary adaptation and health. We provide a transparent pipeline for reproducing our analysis and a Shiny app for other researchers to explore and visualize our dataset.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=141 SRC="FIGDIR/small/358077v3_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (43K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@bcaff5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c40b89org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d17d69org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@80a483_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG O_FLOATNOFig. 1.C_FLOATNO Metabolic resilience  survivability under a variety of extreme conditions. Certain populations of cavefish have adaptations that cause increased appetite (1) and increased fat accumulation (2) (in cases where nutrients are plentiful, such as in lab-raised populations). These same populations also exhibit robust health and longevity (2, 3) and do not suffer ill-effects due to high levels of visceral fat and hyper-glycemia, both of which are features of most cave populations. However, visceral fat accumulation in cave populations is highly dependent on nutrient availability and is not displayed in wild-caught specimens (4). Thus, cavefish paradoxically appear to tolerate both extremely low and extremely high levels of triglycerides, glucose, and other energy storage metabolites. We argue that these differences can be reconciled under a hypothesis whereby the cave environment selects not for resistance to nutrient deprivation per se, but rather resilience to a variety of nutrient availability states (such as seasonal floods). Survival under such challenging conditions ostensibly favors the ability to tolerate extreme metabolic states, including not only starvation but also high levels of potentially deleterious metabolites such as triglycerides and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We find evidence for elevated antioxidant levels and altered cholesterol / cholesteryl ester homeostasis in cavefish, suggesting that cavefish may use these mechanisms to offset potentially harmful metabolites and tolerate a broad range of metabolic conditions.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medley, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Persons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peuss, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.27.358077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untargeted Metabolomics of the Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus Reveals the Basis of Metabolic Strategies in Adaptation to Extreme Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.362749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of ligand recognition by human ACE2 receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.362749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a key role in renin-angiotensin system regulation and amino acid homeostasis. Human ACE2 acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is also widely expressed in epithelial cells of lungs, heart, kidney and pancreas. It is considered an important drug target for treating SARS-CoV-2, as well as pulmonary diseases, heart failure, hypertension, renal diseases and diabetes. Despite the critical importance, the mechanism of ligand binding to the human ACE2 receptor remains unknown. Here, we address this challenge through all-atom simulations using a novel ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD) method. Microsecond LiGaMD simulations have successfully captured both binding and unbinding of the MLN-4760 inhibitor in the ACE2 receptor. In the ligand unbound state, the ACE2 receptor samples distinct Open, Partially Open and Closed conformations. Ligand binding biases the receptor conformational ensemble towards the Closed state. The LiGaMD simulations thus suggest a conformational selection mechanism for ligand recognition by the ACE2 receptor. Our simulation findings are expected to facilitate rational drug design of ACE2 against coronaviruses and other related human diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawnikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.30.362749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of ligand recognition by human ACE2 receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.362756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of RNA recognition by a Musashi RNA-binding protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.362756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Musashi RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate translation of target mRNAs and maintenance of cell stemness and tumorigenesis. Musashi-1 (MSI1), long considered as an intestinal and neural stem cell marker, has been more recently found to be overexpressed in many cancers. It has served as an important drug target for treating acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors such as ovarian, colorectal and bladder cancer. One of the reported binding targets of MSI1 is Numb, a negative regulator of the Notch signaling. However, the dynamic mechanism of Numb RNA binding to MSI1 remains unknown, largely hindering effective drug design targeting this critical interaction. Here, we have performed all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method, which successfully captured spontaneous and highly accurate binding of the Numb RNA from bulk solvent to the MSI1 protein target site. GaMD simulations revealed that Numb binding to MSI1 involved largely induced fit in both the RNA and protein. The simulations also identified important low-energy intermediate conformational states during RNA binding, in which Numb interacted mainly with the {beta}2-{beta}3 loop and C terminus of MSI1. The mechanistic understanding of RNA binding obtained from our GaMD simulations is expected to facilitate rational structure-based drug design targeting MSI1 and other RBPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.30.362756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of RNA recognition by a Musashi RNA-binding protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.364000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population differentiation and structural variation in the genome of Manduca sexta across the United States 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.364000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many species that are extensively studied in the laboratory are less well characterized in their natural habitat, and laboratory strains represent only a small fraction of the variation in a species genome. Here we investigate genomic variation in three natural North American populations of an agricultural pest and a model insect for many scientific disciplines, the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). We show that hornworms from Arizona, Kansas, and North Carolina are genetically distinct, with Arizona being particularly differentiated from the other two populations using Illumina whole-genome resequencing. Peaks of differentiation exist across the genome, but here we focus in on the most striking regions. In particular, we identify two likely segregating inversions found in the Arizona population. One inversion on the Z chromosome may enhance adaptive evolution of the sex chromosome. The larger, autosomal inversion contains a pseudogene may be involved in the exploitation of a novel hostplant in Arizona, but functional genetic assays will be required to support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, our results reveal undiscovered natural variation and provide useful genomic data for both pest management and evolutionary genetics of this insect species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawahara, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.364000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population differentiation and structural variation in the genome of Manduca sexta across the United States]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.358010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Cnot6l impairs inosine RNA modifications in mouse oocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.358010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian oocytes must degrade maternal transcripts through a process called translational mRNA decay, in which maternal mRNA undergoes translational activation, followed by deadenylation and mRNA decay. Once a transcript is translationally activated, it becomes deadenylated by the CCR4-NOT complex. Knockout of Cnot6l, a deadenylase within the CCR4-NOT complex, results in mRNA decay defects during MI entry. Knockout of Btg4, an adaptor protein of the CCR4-NOT complex, results in mRNA decay defects following fertilization. Therefore, mechanisms controlling mRNA turnover have significant impacts on oocyte competence and early embryonic development. Post-transcriptional inosine RNA modifications can impact mRNA stability, possibly through a translation mechanism. Here, we assessed inosine RNA modifications in oocytes from Cnot6l-/- and Btg4-/- mice, which display stabilization of mRNA and over-translation of the stabilized transcripts. If inosine modifications have a role in modulating RNA stability, we hypothesize that in these mutant backgrounds, we would observe changes or a disruption in inosine mRNA modifications. To test this, we used a computational approach to identify inosine RNA modifications in total and polysomal RNA-seq data during meiotic maturation (GV, MI, and MII stages). We observed pronounced depletion of inosine mRNA modifications in oocytes from Cnot6l-/-, but not in Btg4-/- mice. Additionally, analysis of ribosome-associated RNA revealed clearance of inosine modified mRNA. These observations suggest a novel mechanism of mRNA clearance during oocyte maturation, in which inosine-containing transcripts decay in an independent, but parallel mechanism to CCR4-NOT deadenylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brachova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.358010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Cnot6l impairs inosine RNA modifications in mouse oocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.370544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single QTL with large effect is associated with female functional virginity in an asexual parasitoid wasp 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.370544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the transition from sexual to asexual reproduction, a suite of reproduction-related sexual traits become superfluous, and may be selected against if costly. Female functional virginity refers to asexual females resisting to mate or not fertilizing eggs after mating. These traits appear to be among the first that evolve during the gradual transition from sexual to asexual reproduction. The genetic basis of female functional virginity remains elusive. Previously, we reported that female functional virginity segregates as a single recessive locus in the asexual parasitoid wasp Asobara japonica. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of this trait by quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and candidate gene analyses. Consistent with the segregation of phenotypes, a single QTL of large effect was found spanning over 4.23 Mb and comprising at least 131 protein-coding genes, of which 15 featured sex-biased expression in the related sexual Asobara tabida. We speculate that two of these 15 genes may be of particular interest: CD151 antigen and nuclear pore complex protein Nup50. Overall, our results are consistent with a single gene or a cluster of linked genes underlying rapid evolution of female functional virginity in the transition to asexuality. Once a mutation for rejection to mate has swept through a population, the region comprising the gene(s) does not get smaller due to lack of recombination in asexuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pannebakker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geuverink, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anvar, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltsos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwander, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Zande, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beukeboom, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.370544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single QTL with large effect is associated with female functional virginity in an asexual parasitoid wasp]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tobramycin adaptation enhances policing of social cheaters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasR-I quorum sensing (QS) system regulates secreted proteases that can be exploited by cheaters, such as QS receptor-defective (lasR) mutants. lasR mutants emerge in populations growing on casein as a sole source of carbon and energy and increase in the population because they do not incur the substantial cost of engaging in QS. QS also increases resistance to some antibiotics, such as tobramycin. Here, we show that tobramycin suppresses the emergence of lasR mutants in casein-passaged populations. We also identify several mutations that accumulate in those populations indicating evidence of antibiotic adaptation. Mutations in one gene, ptsP, increase activity of the LasR-I system and production of a QS-controlled phenazine, pyocyanin. We find that mutations in ptsP lead to suppression of cheaters independent of tobramycin. Cheater suppression relies on pyocyanin, which acts as a policing toxin by targeting cheaters. These results show that tobramycin suppresses lasR mutants through two mechanisms: first, by directly acting on tobramycin-susceptible cheaters and second, by selecting mutations in ptsP that lead to pyocyanin-dependent policing. This work demonstrates how adaptive mutations can alter the dynamics of cooperator-cheater relationships, which might be important for populations adapting to antibiotics during infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abisado, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrough, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smalley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandekar, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.15.383836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tobramycin adaptation enhances policing of social cheaters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.385294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid evolution and horizontal gene transfer in the genome of a male-killing Wolbachia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.385294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolbachia are widespread bacterial endosymbionts that infect a large proportion of insect species. While some strains of this bacteria do not cause observable host phenotypes, many strains of Wolbachia have some striking effects on their hosts. In some cases, these symbionts manipulate host reproduction to increase the fitness of infected, transmitting females. Here we examine the genome and population genomics of a male-killing Wolbachia strain, wInn, that infects Drosophila innubila mushroom-feeding flies. We compared wInn to other closely-related Wolbachia genomes to understand the evolutionary dynamics of specific genes. The wInn genome is similar in overall gene content to wMel, but also contains many unique genes and repetitive elements that indicate distinct gene transfers between wInn and non-Drosophila hosts. We also find that genes in the Wolbachia prophage and Octomom regions are particularly rapidly evolving, including those putatively or empirically confirmed to be involved in host pathogenicity. Of the genes that rapidly evolve, many also show evidence of recent horizontal transfer among Wolbachia symbiont genomes, suggesting frequent movement of rapidly evolving regions among individuals. These dynamics of rapid evolution and horizontal gene transfer across the genomes of several Wolbachia strains and divergent host species may be important underlying factors in Wolbachias global success as a symbiont.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.385294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid evolution and horizontal gene transfer in the genome of a male-killing Wolbachia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.386979v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
"Multiplex" rheostat positions cluster around allosterically critical regions of the lactose repressor protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.17.386979v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amino acid variation at "rheostat" positions provides opportunity to modulate various aspects of protein function - such as binding affinity or allosteric coupling - across a wide range. Previously a subclass of "multiplex" rheostat positions was identified at which substitutions simultaneously modulated more than one functional parameter. Using the Miller laboratorys dataset of [~]4000 variants of lactose repressor protein (LacI), we compared the structural properties of multiplex rheostat positions with (i) "single" rheostat positions that modulate only one functional parameter, (ii) "toggle" positions that follow textbook substitution rules, and (iii) "neutral" positions that tolerate any substitution without changing function. The combined rheostat classes comprised >40% of LacI positions, more than either toggle or neutral positions. Single rheostat positions were broadly distributed over the structure. Multiplex rheostat positions structurally overlapped with positions involved in allosteric regulation. When their phenotypic outcomes were interpreted within a thermodynamic framework, functional changes at multiplex positions were uncorrelated. This suggests that substitutions lead to complex changes in the underlying molecular biophysics. Bivariable and multivariable analyses of evolutionary signals within multiple sequence alignments could not differentiate single and multiplex rheostat positions. Phylogenetic analyses - such as ConSurf - could distinguish rheostats from toggle and neutral positions. Multivariable analyses could also identify a subset of neutral positions with high probability. Taken together, these results suggest that detailed understanding of the underlying molecular biophysics, likely including protein dynamics, will be required to discriminate single and multiplex rheostat positions from each other and to predict substitution outcomes at these sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bantis, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parente, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.17.386979</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA["Multiplex" rheostat positions cluster around allosterically critical regions of the lactose repressor protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Redistribution of centrosomal proteins by centromeres and Polo kinase controls nuclear envelope breakdown 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper mitotic progression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe requires partial nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) and insertion of the spindle pole body (SPB - yeast centrosome) to build the mitotic spindle. Linkage of the centromere to the SPB is vital to this process, but why that linkage is important is not well understood. Utilizing high- resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM), we show that the conserved SUN- domain protein Sad1 and other SPB proteins redistribute during mitosis to form a ring complex around SPBs, which is a precursor for localized NEBD and spindle formation. Although the Polo kinase Plo1 is not necessary for Sad1 redistribution, it localizes to the SPB region connected to the centromere, and its activity is vital for redistribution of other SPB ring proteins and for complete NEBD at the SPB to allow for SPB insertion. Our results lead to a model in which centromere linkage to the SPB drives redistribution of Sad1 and Plo1 activation that in turn facilitate partial NEBD and spindle formation through building of a SPB ring structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bestul, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaspersen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Redistribution of centrosomal proteins by centromeres and Polo kinase controls nuclear envelope breakdown]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.412460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-induced Weight Gain in Male Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.412460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central integration of peripheral neural signals is one mechanism by which systemic energy homeostasis is regulated. Previous work described increased acute food intake following chemical reduction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels, which was prevented by common hepatic branch vagotomy (HBV). However, possible offsite actions of the chemical compounds confound the precise role of liver energy metabolism. Herein, we used a liver-specific PGC1a heterozygous (LPGC1a) mouse model, with associated reductions in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity, to assess the role of liver energy metabolism in systemic energy homeostasis. LPGC1a male mice have 70% greater high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced weight gain and 35% greater positive energy balance compared to wildtype (WT) (p<0.05). The greater energy balance was associated with altered feeding behavior and lower activity energy expenditure during HFHS in LPGC1a males. Importantly, no differences in HFHS-induced weight gain or energy metabolism was observed between female WT and LPGC1a mice. WT and LPGC1a mice underwent sham or HBV to assess whether vagal signaling was involved in HFHS-induced weight gain of male LPGC1a mice. HBV increased HFHS-induced weight gain (85%, p<0.05) in male WT, but not LPGC1a mice. As above, sham LPGC1a males gain 70% more weight during short-term HFHS feeding than sham WT (p<0.05). These data demonstrate a sexspecific role of reduced liver energy metabolism in acute diet-induced weight gain, and the need of more nuanced assessment of the role of vagal signaling in short-term diet-induced weight gain.

Key Points SummaryO_LIReduced liver PGC1a expression results in reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and respiratory capacity in male mice.
C_LIO_LIMale mice with reduced liver PGC1a expression (LPGC1a) demonstrate greater short-term high-fat/high-sucrose diet-induced weight gain compared to wildtype.
C_LIO_LIGreater positive energy balance during HFHS feeding in male LPGC1a mice is associated with altered food intake patterns and reduced activity energy expenditure.
C_LIO_LIFemale LPGC1a mice do not have differences in short-term HFHS-induced body weight gain or energy metabolism compared to wildtype.
C_LIO_LIDisruption of vagal signaling through common hepatic branch vagotomy increases short-term HFHS-induced weight gain in male wildtype mice, but does not alter male LPGC1a weight gain.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noland, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponte, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montonye, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.412460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced Liver-Specific PGC1a Increases Susceptibility for Short-Term Diet-induced Weight Gain in Male Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.413583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Testing impacts of goal-oriented outreach with the Girl Scouts: Can a single activity change attitudes towards insects? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.10.413583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most people meet insects with fear and disgust but this reputation is largely unfounded, as few insects pose health risks. In fact, many are beneficial and their absence would adversely affect human life; thus insect conservation is important but unpopular. We have begun addressing these concerns as part of a broader effort to establish an ongoing outreach partnership between graduate students at the University of Kansas and the Girl Scouts of Northeast Kansas/Northwest Missouri. To explore ways to advocate for insect conservation, we held an insect collecting activity at a Girl Scout summer camp and surveyed changes in attitudes towards insects afterwards. This activity positively changed reactions to insect encounters and increased confidence in identifying harmful insects but did not strongly reduce fears or increase curiosity towards insects. Beyond these proximate results, this project highlights the potential of Girl Scout troops as targets for informal science education that can benefit both academics and the broader community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colyott, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.10.413583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Testing impacts of goal-oriented outreach with the Girl Scouts: Can a single activity change attitudes towards insects?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OpenTree: A Python package for Accessing andAnalyzing data from the Open Tree of Life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.14.422759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Open Tree of Life project constructs a comprehensive, dynamic and digitally-available tree of life by synthesizing published phylogenetic trees along with taxonomic data. Open Tree of Life provides web-service application programming interfaces (APIs) to make the tree estimate, unified taxonomy, and input phylogenetic data available to anyone. Here, we describe the python package opentree, which provides a user friendly python wrapper for these APIs and a set of scripts and tutorials for straightforward downstream data analyses. We demonstrate the utility of these tools by generating an estimate of the phylogenetic relationships of all bird families, and by capturing a phylogenetic estimate for all taxa observed at the University of California Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McTavish, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Reyes, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OpenTree: A Python package for Accessing andAnalyzing data from the Open Tree of Life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paired heavy and light chain signatures contribute to potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in public antibody responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.31.424987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding protective mechanisms of antibody recognition can inform vaccine and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. We discovered a new antibody, 910-30, that targets the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor binding site as a member of a public antibody response encoded by IGHV3-53/IGHV3-66 genes. We performed sequence and structural analyses to explore how antibody features correlate with SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Cryo-EM structures of 910-30 bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer revealed its binding interactions and ability to disassemble spike. Despite heavy chain sequence similarity, biophysical analyses of IGHV3-53/3-66 antibodies highlighted the importance of native heavy:light pairings for ACE2 binding competition and for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. We defined paired heavy:light sequence signatures and determined antibody precursor prevalence to be ~1 in 44,000 human B cells, consistent with public antibody identification in several convalescent COVID-19 patients. These data reveal key structural and functional neutralization features in the IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibody class to accelerate antibody-based medical interventions against SARS-CoV-2.

HighlightsO_LIA molecular study of IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibody responses reveals critical heavy and light chain features for potent neutralization
C_LIO_LICryo-EM analyses detail the structure of a novel public antibody class member, antibody 910-30, in complex with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer
C_LIO_LICryo-EM data reveal that 910-30 can both bind assembled trimer and can disassemble the SARS-CoV-2 spike
C_LIO_LISequence-structure-function signatures defined for IGHV3-53/3-66 class antibodies including both heavy and light chains
C_LIO_LIIGHV3-53/3-66 class precursors have a prevalence of 1:44,000 B cells in healthy human antibody repertoires
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banach, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cerutti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira de Souza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katsamba, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsybovsky, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francino Urdaniz, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steiner, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Acevedo, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazzari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olia, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddem, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bimela, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laflin, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimrania, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuen, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehead, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shapiro, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.31.424987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paired heavy and light chain signatures contribute to potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in public antibody responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Codon composition in human oocytes reveals age-associated defects in mRNA decay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.05.425501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oocytes from women of advanced reproductive age have lower developmental potential, yet the underlying mechanisms of this phenomena are incompletely understood. Oocyte maturation is dependent upon translational control of stored maternal mRNA that were synthesized during oocyte growth. We observed that GC content of mRNA was negatively associated with half-life in oocytes from reproductively young women (< 30 years), contrastingly directly with oocytes from reproductively aged women ([&ge;] 40 years) where mRNA half-lives were positively associated with GC nucleotide content. Additionally, we observed that mRNA half-lives were negatively associated with protein abundance in young oocytes, while GC content was positively associated with protein abundance in aged oocytes. Examination of codon composition during the GV-to-MII transition revealed that codons that facilitate rapid translation promoted mRNA stability and are considered optimal, while codons that slow translation destabilized mRNA, and are considered non-optimal. GC-containing codons were more optimal in reproductive aging, and also correlated positively with protein abundance. This study indicates that reproductive aging coincides with the stabilization of a subset of mRNA that have the potential to be over-translated during oocyte maturation, this is likely to lead to observed decreases in oocyte quality in older women. Because oocyte mRNA decay is translationally linked, this suggests that maternal aging causes defects in translation, which results in reduced translational efficiency and the retention of maternal mRNA that are normally degraded in oocytes from young women. In the case of oocytes, defects in translation can alter the RNA decay pathways and result in incorrect maternal mRNA dosage, which may negatively impact embryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brachova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.425501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Codon composition in human oocytes reveals age-associated defects in mRNA decay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is driven by multiple genomic traits: Evaluating the role of ISAba1-driven eptA overexpression among Indian isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is mediated by multiple mechanisms. Recently, mutations within pmrAB two component system and overexpression of eptA due to upstream insertion of ISAba1 play a major role.To characterize colistin resistance mechanisms among the clinical isolates of A. baumannii in India. A total of 224 clinical isolates of A. baumannii collected from 2016 to 2019 were included in this study. Mutations within lipid A biosynthesis and pmrAB genes were characterized by Whole Genome Shotgun sequencing. Twenty eight complete genomes were further characterized for insertional inactivation of lpx genes and the association of ISAba1-eptA using hybrid assembly approach. Non-sysnonymous mutations like M12I in pmrA, A138T and A444V in pmrB and E117K in lpxD were identified. Four of the five colistin resistant A.baumannii isolates had insertion of ISAba1 upstream eptA. No mcr genes were identified.Overall, the present study highlights the diversity of colistin resistance mechanisms in A. baumannii. ISAba1-driven eptA overexpression could be responsible for colistin resistance among Indian isolates of colistin resistant A. baumannii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vijayakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasudevan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirubananthan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunasekaran, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeraraghavan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is driven by multiple genomic traits: Evaluating the role of ISAba1-driven eptA overexpression among Indian isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple and Rapid High-Throughput Assay to Identify HSV-1 ICP0 Transactivation Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus that results in lifelong infections due to its ability to cycle between lytic replication and latency. As an obligate intracellular pathogen, HSV-1 exploits host cellular factors to replicate and aid in its life cycle. HSV-1 expresses infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), an immediate-early regulator, to stimulate the transcription of all classes of viral genes via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanisms by which ICP0 activates viral gene expression and the cellular factors involved are largely unknown. Here we report an automated, inexpensive, and rapid high-throughput approach to examine the effects of small molecule compounds on ICP0 transactivator function in cells. Two HSV-1 reporter viruses, KOS6{beta} (wt) and dlx3.1-6{beta} (ICP0-null mutant), were used to monitor ICP0 transactivation activity through the HSV-1 ICP6 promoter::lacz expression cassette. A [&ge;]10-fold difference in {beta}-galactosidase activity was observed in cells infected with KOS6{beta} compared to dlx3.1-6{beta}, demonstrating that ICP0 potently transactivates the ICP6 promoter. We established the robustness and reproducibility with a Z'- factor score of [&ge;]0.69, an important criterium for high-throughput analyses. Approximately 19,000 structurally diverse compounds were screened and 76 potential inhibitors of the HSV-1 transactivator ICP0 were identified. We expect this assay will aid in the discovery of novel inhibitors and tools against HSV-1 ICP0. Using well-annotated compounds could identify potential novel factors and pathways that interact with ICP0 to promote HSV-1 gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ly, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davido, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple and Rapid High-Throughput Assay to Identify HSV-1 ICP0 Transactivation Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstructing tumor trajectories during therapy through integration of multiple measurement modalities. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAccurately determining changes in tumor size during therapy is essential to evaluating response or progression. However, individual imaging methodologies often poorly reflect pathologic response and long-term treatment efficacy in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) early-stage breast cancer. Mathematical models that measure tumor progression over time by integrating diverse imaging and tumor measurement modalities are not currently used but could increase accuracy in measuring response and provide biological insights into cancer evolution.

MethodsFor ER+ breast cancer patients enrolled on a neoadjuvant clinical trial, we reconstructed their tumor size trajectories during therapy by combining all available information on tumor size, including different imaging modalities, physical examinations and pathological assessment data. Tumor trajectories during six months of treatment were generated, using a Gaussian process and the most probable trajectories were evaluated, based on clinical data, using measurement models that account for biases and differences in precision between tumor measurement methods, such as MRI, ultrasound and mammograms.

ResultsReconstruction of tumor trajectories during treatment identified five distinct patterns of tumor size changes, including rebound growth not evident from any single modality. These results increase specificity to distinguish innate or acquired resistance compared to using any single measurement alone. The speed of therapeutic response and extent of subsequent rebound tumor growth quantify sensitivity or resistance in this patient population.

ConclusionsTumor trajectory reconstruction integrating multiple modalities of tumor measurement accurately describes tumor progression on therapy and reveals various patterns of patient responses. Mathematical models can integrate diverse response assessments and account for biases in tumor measurement, thereby providing insights into the timing and rate at which resistance emerges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winblad, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisinski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Regan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhoul, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spring, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanzeb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bild, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstructing tumor trajectories during therapy through integration of multiple measurement modalities.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426750v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human antibody immune responses are personalized by selective removal of MHC-II peptide epitopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426750v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human antibody responses are established by the generation of combinatorial sequence diversity in antibody variable domains, followed by iterative rounds of mutation and selection via T cell recognition of antigen peptides presented on MHC-II. Here, we report that MHC-II peptide epitope deletion from B cell receptors (BCRs) correlates with antibody development in vivo. Large-scale antibody sequence analysis and experimental validation of peptide binding revealed that MHC-II epitope removal from BCRs is linked to genetic signatures of T cell help, and donor-specific antibody repertoire modeling demonstrated that somatic hypermutation selectively targets the personalized MHC-II epitopes in antibody variable regions. Mining of class-switched sequences and serum proteomic data revealed that MHC-II epitope deletion is associated with antibody class switching and long-term secretion into serum. These data suggest that the MHC-II peptide epitope content of a BCR is an important determinant of antibody maturation that shapes the composition and durability of humoral immunity.

HighlightsO_LIAntibody somatic hypermutation selectively removes MHC-II peptide epitopes from B cell receptors.
C_LIO_LIAntibodies with lower MHC-II epitope content show evidence of greater T cell help, including class-switching.
C_LIO_LIMHC-II peptide epitope removal from a BCR is linked to long-term antibody secretion in serum.
C_LIO_LIMHC-II genotype provides a personalized selection pressure on human antibody development.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ardito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nanaware, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Normandin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tivin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coates, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laboune, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douek, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ledgerwood, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascola, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stern, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Groot, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.15.426750</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human antibody immune responses are personalized by selective removal of MHC-II peptide epitopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent evolution of resistance pathways during early stage breast cancer treatment with combination cell cycle (CDK) and endocrine inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.19.427299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Combining cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors with endocrine therapy improves outcomes for metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+), HER2 negative, breast cancer patients. However, the value of this combination in potentially curable earlier stage patients is not clear. Using single cell transcriptomic profiling, we examined the evolutionary trajectories of early stage breast cancer tumors using serial tumor biopsies from a clinical trial of preoperative endocrine therapy (letrozole) alone or in combination with the cell cycle inhibitor ribociclib. Applying hierarchical regression and Gaussian process mathematical modelling, we classified each tumor by whether it shrinks or persists with therapy and determined cancer phenotypes related to evolution of resistance and cell cycle transcriptional rewiring. We found that all patients tumors undergo subclonal evolution during therapy, irrespective of the clinical response. However, tumors subjected to endocrine therapy alone showed reduced diversity over time, while those facing combination therapy exhibited increased diversity. Despite different subclonal diversity, single nuclei RNA sequencing uncovered common phenotypic changes in tumor cells that persist following treatment. In these tumors, cancer cells with accelerated loss of estrogen signaling have convergent up-regulation of the JNK pathway, while cells that maintain estrogen signaling during therapy show potentiation of CDK4/6 activation consistent with ERBB4 and ERK signaling up-regulation. These convergent phenotypes were associated with growing tumors resistant to combination therapy. Cell cycle reconstruction identified that these tumors can rebound during combination therapy treatment, indicating stronger selection and promotion of a proliferative state. These results indicate that combination therapy in early stage ER+ breast cancers with ER and CDK inhibition drives rapid evolution of resistance via a shift from estrogen signaling to alternative growth factor receptor mediated proliferation and JNK signaling activation, concordant with a bypass in the G1 checkpoint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Dea, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trivedi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinsky, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisinski, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Regan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhoul, , I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spring, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bardia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bild, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent evolution of resistance pathways during early stage breast cancer treatment with combination cell cycle (CDK) and endocrine inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.427408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ocular elongation and retraction in foveated reptiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.20.427408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPronounced asymmetric changes in ocular globe size during eye development have been observed in a number of species ranging from humans to lizards. In contrast, largely symmetric changes in globe size have been described for other species like rodents. We propose that asymmetric changes in the three-dimensional structure of the developing eye correlate with the types of retinal remodeling needed to produce areas of high photoreceptor density. To test this idea, we systematically examined three-dimensional aspects of globe size as a function of eye development in the bifoveated brown anole, Anolis sagrei.

ResultsDuring embryonic development, the anole eye undergoes dynamic changes in ocular shape. Initially spherical, the eye elongates in the presumptive foveal regions of the retina and then proceeds through a period of retraction that returns the eye to its spherical shape. During this period of retraction, pit formation and photoreceptor cell packing are observed. We found a similar pattern of elongation and retraction associated with the single fovea of the veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus.

ConclusionsThese results, together with those reported for other foveated species, support the idea that areas of high photoreceptor packing occur in regions where the ocular globe asymmetrically elongates and retracts during development.

Key FindingsO_LIThe eyes of the brown anole, Anolis sagrei, and veiled chameleon, Chamaeleo calyptratus undergo dynamic asymmetrical changes in ocular shape during development.
C_LIO_LIIn both species, asymmetric elongation and retraction of the ocular globe is associated with fovea morphogenesis.
C_LIO_LIPit formation and photoreceptor cell packing in the foveal area occur when the corresponding region of the ocular globe is retracting relative to adjacent regions.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rasys, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pau, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trainor, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauderdale, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.20.427408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ocular elongation and retraction in foveated reptiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.21.427617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic analysis of the septal peptidoglycan synthase FtsWI complex supports a conserved activation mechanism for SEDS-bPBP complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.21.427617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SEDS family peptidoglycan (PG) glycosyltransferases RodA and FtsW require their cognate transpeptidases PBP2 and FtsI (class B penicillin binding proteins) to synthesize PG along the cell cylinder and at the septum, respectively. The activities of these SEDS-bPBPs complexes are tightly regulated to ensure proper cell elongation and division. In Escherichia coli FtsN switches FtsA and FtsQLB to the active forms that synergize to stimulate FtsWI, but the exact mechanism is not well understood. Previously, we isolated an activation mutation in ftsW (M269I) that allows cell division with reduced FtsN function. To try and understand the basis for activation we isolated additional substitutions at this position and found that only the original substitution produced an active mutant whereas drastic changes resulted in an inactive mutant. In another approach we isolated suppressors of an inactive FtsL mutant and obtained FtsWE289G and FtsIK211I and found they bypassed FtsN. Epistatic analysis of these mutations and others confirmed that the FtsN-triggered activation signal goes from FtsQLB to FtsI to FtsW. Mapping these mutations and others affecting the activities of FtsWI on the RodA-PBP2 structure revealed they are located at the interaction interface between the extracellular loop 4 (ECL4) of FtsW and the pedestal domain of FtsI (PBP3). This supports a model in which the interaction between the ECL4 of SEDS proteins and the pedestal domain of their cognate bPBPs plays a critical role in the activation mechanism.

Author summaryBacterial cell division requires the synthesis of septal peptidoglycan by the widely conserved SEDS-bPBP protein complex FtsWI, but how the complex is activated during cell division is still poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that FtsN initiates a signaling cascade in the periplasm to activate FtsW. Here we isolated and characterized activated FtsW and FtsI mutants and confirmed that the signaling cascade for FtsW activation goes from FtsN to FtsQLB to FtsI and then to FtsW. The residues corresponding to mutations affecting FtsWI activation are clustered to a small region of the interaction interface between the pedestal domain of FtsI and the extracellular loop 4 of FtsW, suggesting that this interaction mediates activation of FtsW. This is strikingly similar to the proposed activation mechanism for the RodA-PBP2 complex, another SEDS-bPBP complex required for cell elongation. Thus, the two homologous SEDS-bPBP complexes are activated similarly by completely unrelated activators that modulate the interaction interface between the SEDS proteins and the bPBPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.21.427617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic analysis of the septal peptidoglycan synthase FtsWI complex supports a conserved activation mechanism for SEDS-bPBP complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating the fundamental niche: accounting for the uneven1availability of existing climates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies that question important conceptual and methodological aspects of the field of ecological niche modeling (and species distribution modeling) have cast doubts on whether it is possible to estimate the fundamental niche of a species using presence-only data. The main limitation in niche estimation is that presence data come from the realized niche, which is only a subset of the fundamental niche. Most of the existing methods lack the ability to overcome this limitation and therefore fit niches that resemble the realized niche. To obtain a more accurate estimate of the fundamental niche, we propose using the geographic region that is accessible to a species (based on its dispersal ability) to determine a sampling distribution, in environmental space, from which we can quantify the likelihood of observing a particular environmental combination in a sample of presence points. We incorporate this sampling distribution into a multivariate normal model (i.e., a Mahalanobis distance model) by creating a weight function that modifies the probabilities of observing different environmental combinations in a sample of presences. This modification accounts for the uneven availability of environmental conditions. We show that the parameters of this weighted-normal model can be approximated with a maximum likelihood estimation approach; and then used to draw ellipsoids (confidence regions) that represent the fundamental niche of the species. We illustrate the application of our model with two worked examples. First, we use presence data for an invasive species and an accessible area that includes only its native range to evaluate whether the fitted model predicts confirmed establishments of the species outside its native range. Second, we use presence data for closely related species with known accessible areas to demonstrate how the different dispersal abilities of the species constrain a classic Mahalanobis distance model. Overall, we show that accounting for the distribution of environmental conditions that are accessible to a species indeed affects the estimation of the ellipsoids used to model its fundamental niche.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.428165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating the fundamental niche: accounting for the uneven1availability of existing climates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-frame deletion of SPECC1L microtubule binding domain results in embryonic tissue movement and fusion defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic morphogenesis of the neural tube, palate, ventral body wall and optic fissure require precise sequence of tissue movement and fusion, which if incomplete, leads to anencephaly/exencephaly, cleft palate, omphalocele and coloboma, respectively. These are genetically heterogeneous birth defects, so there is a continued need to identify etiologic genes. Patients with autosomal dominant SPECC1L mutations show syndromic malformations, including hypertelorism, cleft palate and omphalocele. These SPECC1L mutations cluster in the second coiled-coil domain (CCD2), which facilitates association with microtubules. To study SPECC1L function in mice, we first generated a null allele (Specc1l{Delta}Ex4) lacking the entire SPECC1L protein. Homozygous mutants for these truncations died perinatally without cleft palate or exencephaly. Given the clustering of human mutations in CCD2, we hypothesized that targeted perturbation of CCD2 may be required. Indeed, homozygotes for in-frame deletions involving CCD2 (Specc1l{Delta}CCD2) resulted in ~50% exencephaly and ~50% cleft palate. Interestingly, these two phenotypes are never observed in the same embryo. Examination of embryos with and without exencephaly revealed that the oral cavity was narrower in exencephalic embryos, which allowed palatal shelves to elevate despite their defect. In contrast to an evenly distributed subcellular expression pattern, mutant SPECC1L-{Delta}CCD2 protein showed abnormal subcellular localization, decreased overlap with microtubules, increased actin bundles, and dislocated non-muscle myosin II to the cell cortex. Thus, we show that perturbations of CCD2 in the context of full SPECC1L protein affects tissue fusion dynamics, indicating that human SPECC1L CCD2 mutations are gain-of-function. Improper SPECC1L subcellular localization appears to disrupt connections between actomyosin and microtubule networks, which in turn may affect cell alignment and coordinate movement during tissue morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stetsiv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moedritzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isai, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rickabaugh, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-frame deletion of SPECC1L microtubule binding domain results in embryonic tissue movement and fusion defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental sexual selection reveals rapid divergence in male and female reproductive transcriptomes and their interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.29.428831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postcopulatory interactions between the sexes in internally fertilizing species elicits both sexual conflict and sexual selection. Macroevolutionary and comparative studies have linked these processes to rapid transcriptomic evolution in sex-specific tissues and substantial transcriptomic postmating responses in females, patterns of which are altered when mating between reproductively isolated species. Here we test multiple predictions arising from sexual selection and conflict theory about the evolution of sex-specific and tissue-specific gene expression and the postmating response at the microevolutionary level. Following over 150 generations of experimental evolution under either reduced (enforced monogamy) or elevated (polyandry) sexual selection in Drosophila pseudoobscura, we found a substantial effect of sexual selection treatment on transcriptomic divergence in virgin male and female reproductive tissues (testes, male accessory glands, the female reproductive tract and ovaries). Sexual selection treatment also had a dominant effect on the postmating response, particularly in the female reproductive tract - the main arena for sexual conflict - compared to ovaries. This affect was asymmetric with monandry females typically showing more postmating responses than polyandry females, with enriched gene functions varying across treatments. The evolutionary history of the male partner had a larger effect on the postmating response of monandry females, but females from both sexual selection treatments showed unique patterns of gene expression and gene function when mating with males from the alternate treatment. Our microevolutionary results mostly confirm comparative macroevolutionary predictions on the role of sexual selection on transcriptomic divergence and altered gene regulation arising from divergent coevolutionary trajectories between sexual selection treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veltsos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcelli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cossins, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snook, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.29.428831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental sexual selection reveals rapid divergence in male and female reproductive transcriptomes and their interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.30.428970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membrane barrels are taller, fatter, inside-out soluble barrels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.30.428970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Up-and-down {beta}-barrel topology exists in both the membrane and soluble environment. However, {beta}-barrels are virtually the only topology that exist in the outer membrane. By comparing features of these structurally similar proteins, we can determine what features are particular to the environment rather than the fold. Here we compare structures of membrane {beta}-barrels to soluble {beta}-barrels and evaluate their relative size, shape, amino acid composition, hydrophobicity, and periodicity. We find that membrane {beta}-barrels are generally larger than soluble {beta}-barrels in with more strands per barrel and more amino acids per strand, making them wider and taller. We also find that membrane {beta}-barrels are inside-out soluble {beta}-barrels. The inward region of membrane {beta}-barrels have similar hydrophobicity to the outward region of soluble {beta}-barrels, and the outward region of membrane {beta}-barrels has similar hydrophobicity to the inward region of the soluble {beta}-barrels. Moreover, even though both types of {beta}-barrel have been assumed to have strands with amino acids that alternate in direction and hydrophobicity, we find that the membrane {beta}-barrels have more regular alternation than soluble {beta}-barrels. These features give insight into how membrane barrels maintain their fold and function in the membrane.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.30.428970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membrane barrels are taller, fatter, inside-out soluble barrels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variation in Placental microRNA Expression Associates with Familial Cardiovascular Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the United States, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and the rate of maternal mortality remains among the highest of any industrialized nation. Maternal cardiometabolic health throughout gestation and postpartum is representative of placental health and physiology. Both proper placental functionality and placental microRNA expression are essential to successful pregnancy outcomes, and both are highly sensitive to genetic and environmental sources of variation. While placental pathologies, such as preeclampsia, are associated with maternal cardiovascular health and may contribute to the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease, the role of more subtle alterations to placental function and microRNA expression in this relationship remains poorly understood. To develop a more comprehensive understanding of how cardiometabolic health influences placental microRNA expression, and how this shapes placental functionality, we performed small RNA sequencing to investigate microRNA in the placentae from the Rhode Island Child Health Study (n=230). We modeled microRNA counts on maternal family history of cardiovascular disease using negative binomial generalized linear models, and identified microRNAs that were differential expressed (DEmiRs) at a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.10. Utilizing parallel mRNA sequencing data and bioinformatic target prediction software, we identified potential mRNA targets of these DEmiRs. We identified 9 DEmiRs, with predicted targets of those miRNA enriched overwhelmingly in the TGF{beta} signaling pathway but also in pathways involving cellular metabolism and immunomodulation. Overall, we identified a robust association existing between familial cardiovascular disease and placental microRNA expression which may be implicated in both placental insufficiencies and the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tehrani, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Everson, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deyssenroth, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hermetz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsit, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variation in Placental microRNA Expression Associates with Familial Cardiovascular Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Collagens DPY-17 and SQT-3 Direct Anterior-Posterior Migration of the Q Neuroblasts in C. elegans. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell adhesion molecules and their extracellular ligands control morphogenetic events such as directed cell migration. The migration of neuroblasts and neural crest cells establishes the structure of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In C. elegans, the bilateral Q neuroblasts and their descendants undergo long-range migrations with left/right asymmetry. QR and descendants on the right migrate anteriorly, and QL and descendants on the left migrate posteriorly, despite identical patterns of cell division, cell death, and neuronal generation. The initial direction of protrusion of the Q cells relies on the left/right asymmetric function of the transmembrane receptors UNC-40/DCC and PTP-3/LAR in the Q cells. Here we show that Q cell left/right asymmetry of migration is independent of the GPA-16/G pathway that regulates other left/right asymmetries including nervous system L/R asymmetry. No extracellular cue has been identified that guides initial Q anterior versus posterior migration. We show that the Collagens DPY-17 and SQT-3 control initial Q direction of protrusion. Genetic interactions with UNC-40/DCC and PTP-3/LAR suggest that DPY-17 and SQT-3 drive posterior migration and might act with both receptors or in a parallel pathway. Analysis of mutants in other Collagens and extracellular matrix components indicated that general perturbation of Collagens and the ECM did not result in directional defects, and that the effect of DPY-17 and SQT-3 on Q direction is specific. DPY-17 and SQT-3 are components of the cuticle, but a role in the basement membrane cannot be excluded. Possibly, DPY-17 and SQT-3 are part of a pattern in the cuticle and/or basement membrane that is oriented to the anterior-posterior axis of the animal and that is deciphered by the Q cells in a left-right asymmetric fashion. Alternatively, DPY-17 and SQT-3 might be involved in the production or stabilization of a guidance cue that directs Q migrations. In any case, these results describe a novel role for the DPY-17 and SQT-3 Collagens in directing posterior Q neuroblast migration.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lang, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Collagens DPY-17 and SQT-3 Direct Anterior-Posterior Migration of the Q Neuroblasts in C. elegans.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429261v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine Learning Differentiates Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Metals in Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.01.429261v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metalloenzymes are 40% of all enzymes and can perform all seven classes of enzyme reactions. Because of the physicochemical similarities between the active sites of metalloenzymes and inactive metal binding sites, it is challenging to differentiate between them. Yet distinguishing these two classes is critical for the identification of both native and designed enzymes. Because of similarities between these two types of metal binding sites, finding physicochemical features that distinguish active and inactive metal sites can indicate aspects that are critical to enzyme function. In this work, we develop the largest structural dataset of enzymatic and non-enzymatic metalloprotein sites to date. We then use a decision-tree ensemble machine learning model to classify metals bound to proteins as enzymatic or non-enzymatic with 92.2% precision and 90.1% recall. Our model scores electrostatic and pocket lining features as more important than pocket volume, despite the fact that volume is the most quantitatively different feature between enzyme and non-enzymatic sites. Finally, we find our model has overall better performance in a side-to-side comparison against other methods that differentiate enzymatic from non-enzymatic sequences. We anticipate that our models ability to correctly identify which metal sites are responsible for enzymatic activity could enable identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and de novo enzyme design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.429261</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine Learning Differentiates Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Metals in Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome and the dynamics of the S gene furin cleavage site in primary human airway epithelia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the devastating ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which poses a great threat to global public health. The spike (S) polypeptide of SARS-CoV-2 consists of the S1 and S2 subunits and is processed by cellular proteases at the S1/S2 boundary. The inclusion of the 4 amino acids (PRRA) at the S1/S2 boundary forms a furin cleavage site (FCS), 682RRAR{downarrow}S686, distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from its closest relative, the SARS-CoV. Various deletions surrounding the FCS have been identified in patients. When SARS-CoV-2 propagated in Vero cells, the virus acquired various deletions surrounding the FCS. In the present study, we studied the viral transcriptome in SARS-CoV-2 infected primary human airway epithelia (HAE) cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) with an emphasis on the viral genome stability at the S1/S2 boundary using RNA-seq. While we found overall the viral transcriptome is similar to that generated from infected Vero cells, we identified a high percentage of mutated viral genome and transcripts in HAE-ALI. Two highly frequent deletions were found at the S1/S2 boundary of the S gene: one is a deletion of 12 amino acids, 678TNSPRRAR{downarrow}SVAS689, which contains the FCS, another is a deletion of 5 amino acids, 675QTQTN679, which is two amino acids upstream of the FCS. Further studies on the dynamics of the FCS deletions in apically released virions revealed that the selective pressure for the FCS maintains the S gene stability in HAE-ALI but with exceptions, in which the FCS deletions are remained at a high rate. Thus, our study presents evidence for the role of unique properties of human airway epithelia in the dynamics of the FCS region during infection of human airways, which is donor-dependent.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang-Chen, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumlin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salathe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome and the dynamics of the S gene furin cleavage site in primary human airway epithelia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perturbation of BRMS1 interactome reveals pathways that impact cell migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.04.429764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast Cancer Metastasis Suppressor 1 (BRMS1) expression is associated with longer patient survival in multiple cancer types. Understanding BRMS1 functionality will provide insights into both mechanism of action and will enhance potential therapeutic development. In this study, we confirmed that the C-terminus of BRMS1 is critical for metastasis suppression and hypothesized that critical protein interactions in this region would explain its function. Phosphorylation status at S237 regulates BRMS1 protein interactions related to a variety of biological processes, phenotypes [cell cycle (e.g., CDKN2A), DNA repair (e.g., BRCA1)], and metastasis [(e.g., TCF2 and POLE2)]. Presence of S237 also directly decreased MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma migration in vitro and metastases in vivo. The results add significantly to our understanding of how BRMS1 interactions with Sin3/HDAC complexes regulate metastasis and expand insights into BRMS1s molecular role, as they demonstrate that BRMS1 C-terminus involvement in distinct direct protein-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manton, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miah, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welch, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.04.429764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perturbation of BRMS1 interactome reveals pathways that impact cell migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating Sleep Disturbances in Children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAdequate sleep is important for proper neurodevelopment and positive health outcomes. Sleep disturbances are more prevalent in children with genetically determined neurodevelopmental syndromes compared to typically developing counterparts. We characterize sleep behavior in Rett (RTT), Angelman (AS) and Prader-Willi (PWS) syndromes in order to identify effective approaches for treating sleep problems in these populations. We compared sleep-related symptoms across individuals with these different syndromes to each other, and to typically developing controls.

MethodsChildren were recruited from the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) consortium registries; unaffected siblings were enrolled as related controls. For each participant, a parent completed multiple sleep questionnaires including: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (Sleep-Disordered Breathing [SDB]); Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire; Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale.

ResultsSleep data were analyzed from 714 participants, ages 2-18 years. Young children with AS had more reported sleep problems than children with RTT or PWS. Older children with RTT had more reported daytime sleepiness than those with AS or PWS. Finally, all individuals with RTT had more evidence of sleep-disordered breathing when compared to individuals with PWS. Notably, typically developing siblings were also reported to have sleep problems, except for sleep-related breathing disturbances which were associated with each of the genetic syndromes.

ConclusionsIndividuals with RTT, AS and PWS frequently experience sleep problems, including sleep-disordered breathing. Screening for sleep problems in individuals with these and other neurogenetic disorders should be included in clinical assessment and managements. These data may also be useful in developing treatment strategies and in clinical trials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veatch, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malow, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knight, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrish, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neul, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lane, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skinner, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufmann, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driscoll, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dykens, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gold, J.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimonis, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacino, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kothare, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Percy, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaze, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating Sleep Disturbances in Children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct activation of endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is blocked by Simvastatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial activation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure in patients with COVID-19. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial activation in COVID-19 patients remain unclear. In this study, the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins that potently activate human endothelial cells were screened to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved with endothelial activation. It was found that nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 significantly activated human endothelial cells through TLR2/NF-{kappa}B and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, by screening a natural microbial compound library containing 154 natural compounds, simvastatin was identified as a potent inhibitor of NP-induced endothelial activation. Remarkablely, though the protein sequences of N proteins from coronaviruses are highly conserved, only NP from SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial activation. The NPs from other coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HUB1-CoV and influenza virus H1N1 did not affect endothelial activation. These findings are well consistent with the results from clinical investigations showing broad endotheliitis and organ injury in severe COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, the study provides insights on SARS-CoV-2-induced vasculopathy and coagulopathy, and suggests that simvastatin, an FDA-approved lipid-lowering drug, may benefit to prevent the pathogenesis and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaghan-Nichols, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct activation of endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is blocked by Simvastatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
REPROGRAMMING CBX8-PRC1 FUNCTION WITH A POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTCanonical targeting of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) to repress developmental genes is mediated by cell type-specific, paralogous chromobox (CBX) proteins (CBX2, 4, 6, 7 and 8). Based on their central role in silencing and their misregulation associated with human disease including cancer, CBX proteins are attractive targets for small molecule chemical probe development. Here, we have used a quantitative and target-specific cellular assay to discover a potent positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of CBX8. The PAM activity of UNC7040 antagonizes H3K27me3 binding by CBX8 while increasing interactions with nucleic acids and participation in variant PRC1. We show that treatment with UNC7040 leads to efficient PRC1 chromatin eviction, loss of silencing and reduced proliferation across different cancer cell lines. Our discovery and characterization of UNC7040 not only revealed the most cellularly potent CBX8-specific chemical probe to date, but also corroborates a mechanism of polycomb regulation by non-histone lysine methylated interaction partners.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Suh, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bsteh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pribitzer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogana, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rectenwald, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cholensky, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umana, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedford, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mumenthaler, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearce, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kireev, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Musselman, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frye, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[REPROGRAMMING CBX8-PRC1 FUNCTION WITH A POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous Facet Joint Osteoarthritis in NFAT1-Mutant Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesAlthough rodent models of traumatically or chemically induced intervertebral facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) were previously described, the characteristics of spontaneous FJOA animal models have not been documented. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of a murine model of spontaneous FJOA and its underlying mechanisms.

MethodsThe lumbar facet joints of mutant mice carrying a disrupted NFAT1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1) allele and of wild-type control mice were examined by histochemistry, quantitative gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and histomorphometry using a novel FJOA scoring system at 2, 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The reproducibility of the FJOA scoring system was analyzed by inter-observer and intra-observer variability tests. Tissue-specific histomorphometric and gene expression changes were statistically analyzed.

ResultsNFAT1-mutant facet joints displayed dysfunction of articular chondrocytes and synovial cells with aberrant gene and protein expression in cartilage and synovium as early as 2 months, followed by osteoarthritic structural changes such as articular surface fissuring and chondro-osteophyte formation at 6 months. Deeper cartilage lesions, synovitis, separation of cartilage from thickened subchondral bone, and tissue-specific molecular and cellular alterations in NFAT1-mutant facet joints became evident at 12 and 18 months. Osteoarthritic structural changes were not detected in wild-type facet joints at any ages, though age-related cartilage degeneration was observed at 18 months.

ConclusionsUsing NFAT1-mutant mice, this study has identified for the first time an animal model of spontaneous FJOA with age-dependent osteoarthritic characteristics, developed the first FJOA scoring system, and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of NFAT1 mutation-mediated FJOA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asher, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous Facet Joint Osteoarthritis in NFAT1-Mutant Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periodic synchronization of dengue epidemics in Thailand: the roles played by temperature and immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatial distribution of dengue and its vectors (spp. Aedes) may be the widest it has ever been, and projections suggest that climate change may allow the expansion to continue. However, the largest impacts of climate change on dengue might be in regions where the pathogen is already endemic. In these areas, the waxing and waning of immunity has a large impact on temporal dynamics of cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Here, we use 51 years of data across 72 provinces and characterise spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Thailand, where dengue has caused almost 1.5 million cases over the last thirty years, and examine the roles played by temperature and dynamics of immunity in giving rise to those patterns. We find that timescales of multiannual oscillations in dengue vary in space and time and uncover an interesting spatial phenomenon: Thailand has experienced multiple, periodic synchronization events. We show that patterns in synchrony of dengue are consistent with those observed in temperature. Applying a temperature-driven dengue model, we explore how dynamics of immunity interact with temperature to produce the observed multiannual dynamics and patterns in synchrony. While multiannual oscillations are readily produced by immunity in absence of multiannual timescales in temperature, synchrony in temperature can synchronise dengue dynamics in different locations. However, at higher mean temperatures and lower seasonal variation, immune dynamics become more predominant, and dengue dynamics become more insensitive to multiannual fluctuations in temperature. These findings can help underpin predictions of disease patterns as global temperatures rise.

Author summary
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Carreras, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grabowski, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salje, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clapham, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iamsirithaworn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doung-Ngern, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lessler, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummings, D. A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periodic synchronization of dengue epidemics in Thailand: the roles played by temperature and immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain improves immunogenicity in mice and elicits protective immunity in hamsters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global containment of COVID-19 still requires accessible and affordable vaccines for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 Recently approved vaccines provide needed interventions, albeit at prices that may limit their global access.2 Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins are suited for large-volume microbial manufacturing to yield billions of doses annually, minimizing their manufacturing costs.3 These types of vaccines are well-established, proven interventions with multiple safe and efficacious commercial examples.4-6 Many vaccine candidates of this type for SARS-CoV-2 rely on sequences containing the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which mediates viral entry to cells via ACE2.7,8 Here we report an engineered sequence variant of RBD that exhibits high-yield manufacturability, high-affinity binding to ACE2, and enhanced immunogenicity after a single dose in mice compared to the Wuhan-Hu-1 variant used in current vaccines. Antibodies raised against the engineered protein exhibited heterotypic binding to the RBD from two recently reported SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (501Y.V1/V2). Presentation of the engineered RBD on a designed virus-like particle (VLP) also reduced weight loss in hamsters upon viral challenge.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Aponte, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartwell, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tostanoski, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biedermann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowell, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courant, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lebas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemnios, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naranjo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracey, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lok, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleanthous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubois, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barouch, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irvine, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.433558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain improves immunogenicity in mice and elicits protective immunity in hamsters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single synonymous nucleotide change impacts the male-killing phenotype of prophage WO gene wmk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.11.434916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolbachia are the most widespread bacterial endosymbionts in animals. Within arthropods, these maternally-transmitted bacteria can selfishly hijack host reproductive processes to increase the relative fitness of their transmitting females. One such form of reproductive parasitism called male killing, or the selective killing of infected males, is recapitulated to degrees by transgenic expression of the WO-mediated killing (wmk) gene. Here, we characterize the genotype-phenotype landscape of wmk-induced male killing in D. melanogaster using transgenic expression. While phylogenetically distant wmk homologs induce no sex-ratio bias, closely-related homologs exhibit complex phenotypes spanning no death, male death, or death of all hosts. We demonstrate that alternative start codons, synonymous codons, and notably a single synonymous nucleotide in wmk can ablate killing. These findings reveal previously unrecognized features of transgenic wmk-induced killing and establish new hypotheses for the impacts of post-transcriptional processes in male killing variation. We conclude that synonymous sequence changes are not necessarily silent in nested endosymbiotic interactions with life-or-death consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bordenstein, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.11.434916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single synonymous nucleotide change impacts the male-killing phenotype of prophage WO gene wmk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.14.435331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological correlates of gene family size: the draft genome of the redheaded pine sawfly Neodiprion lecontei 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.14.435331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central goal in evolutionary biology is to determine the predictability of adaptive genetic changes. Despite many documented cases of convergent evolution at individual loci, little is known about the repeatability of gene family expansions and contractions. To address this void, we examined gene family evolution in the redheaded pine sawfly Neodiprion lecontei, a non-eusocial hymenopteran and exemplar of a pine-specialized lineage evolved from angiosperm-feeding ancestors. After assembling and annotating a draft genome, we manually annotated multiple gene families with chemosensory, detoxification, or immunity functions and characterized their genomic distributions and evolutionary history. Our results suggest that expansions of bitter gustatory receptor (GR), clan 3 cytochrome P450 (CYP3), and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) subfamilies may have contributed to pine adaptation. By contrast, there was no evidence of recent gene family contraction via pseudogenization. Next, we compared the number of genes in these same families across insect taxa that vary in diet, dietary specialization, and social behavior. In Hymenoptera, herbivory was associated with small GR and olfactory receptor (OR) families, eusociality was associated with large OR and small AMP families, and--unlike investigations in more closely related taxa--ecological specialization was not related to gene family size. Overall, our results suggest that gene families that mediate ecological interactions may expand and contract predictably in response to particular selection pressures, however, the ecological drivers and temporal pace of gene gain and loss likely varies considerably across gene families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vertacnik, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrig, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godfrey, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geib, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnen, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.14.435331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological correlates of gene family size: the draft genome of the redheaded pine sawfly Neodiprion lecontei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.17.435810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Climate change-driven ocean warming is increasing the frequency and severity of bleaching events, in which corals appear whitened after losing their dinoflagellate endosymbionts (family Symbiodiniaceae). Viral infections of Symbiodiniaceae may contribute to some bleaching signs, but little empirical evidence exists to support this hypothesis. We present the first temporal analysis of a lineage of Symbiodiniaceae-infecting positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses ( dinoRNAVs) in coral colonies, which were exposed to a 5-day heat treatment (+2.1{degrees}C). A total of 124 dinoRNAV major capsid protein gene  aminotypes (unique amino acid sequences) were detected from five colonies of two closely related Pocillopora-Cladocopium (coral-symbiont) combinations in the experiment; most dinoRNAV aminotypes were shared between the two coral-symbiont combinations (64%) and among multiple colonies (82%). Throughout the experiment, seventeen dinoRNAV aminotypes were found only in heat-treated fragments, and 22 aminotypes were detected at higher relative abundances in heat-treated fragments. DinoRNAVs in fragments of some colonies exhibited higher alpha diversity and dispersion under heat stress. Together, these findings provide the first empirical evidence that exposure to high temperatures triggers some dinoRNAVs to switch from a persistent to a productive infection mode within heat-stressed corals. Over extended time frames, we hypothesize that cumulative dinoRNAV production in the Pocillopora-Cladocopium system could affect colony symbiotic status, for example, by decreasing Symbiodiniaceae densities within corals. This study sets the stage for reef-scale investigations of dinoRNAV dynamics during bleaching events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grupstra, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe-Kerr, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veglia, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coy, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwelder, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Correa, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.17.435810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermal stress triggers productive viral infection of a key coral reef symbiont]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437055v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteasome autophagy is specifically regulated and requires factors dispensible for general autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.437055v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changing physiological conditions can increase the need for protein degradative capacity in eukaryotic cells. Both the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy contribute to protein degradation. However, proteasomes are also an autophagy substrate. Thus, these processes must be differentially regulated depending on the physiological conditions presented. The signals and molecular mechanisms that govern proteasome autophagy are only partly elucidated. Our data indicate that chemical inhibition of TORC1 with rapamycin induces a bi-phasic response where proteasome levels are upregulated followed by an autophagy-dependent reduction. Surprisingly, several conditions that result in inhibited TORC1 exclusively induce proteasome autophagy (i.e. without any proteasome upregulation), suggesting a convergence of signals upstream of proteasome autophagy under different physiological conditions. Indeed, several conditions that activate general autophagy did not induce proteasome autophagy further distinguishing between proteasome autophagy and general autophagy. Consistent with this, we found that Atg11, the receptor for selective autophagy, and the map kinases Mpk1, Mkk1, and Mkk2, all play a role in autophagy of proteasomes, while they are dispensible for general autophagy. In all, our data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of proteasome autophagy by demonstrating that these complexes are specifically regulated under different autophagy inducing conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waite, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burrris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vontz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.437055</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteasome autophagy is specifically regulated and requires factors dispensible for general autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.28.437443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Asymmetric structures and conformational plasticity of the uncleaved full-length human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.28.437443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer [(gp120/gp41)3] is produced by cleavage of a conformationally flexible gp160 precursor. Gp160 cleavage or the binding of BMS-806, an entry inhibitor, stabilizes the pre-triggered, "closed" (State-1) conformation recognized by rarely elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies. Poorly neutralizing antibodies (pNAbs) elicited at high titers during natural infection recognize more "open" Env conformations (States 2 and 3) induced by binding the receptor, CD4. We found that BMS-806 treatment and crosslinking decreased the exposure of pNAb epitopes on cell-surface gp160; however, after detergent solubilization, crosslinked and BMS-806-treated gp160 sampled non-State-1 conformations that could be recognized by pNAbs. Cryo-electron microscopy of the purified BMS-806-bound gp160 revealed two hitherto unknown asymmetric trimer conformations, providing insights into the allosteric coupling between trimer opening and structural variation in the gp41 HR1N region. The individual protomer structures in the asymmetric gp160 trimers resemble those of other genetically modified or antibody-bound cleaved HIV-1 Env trimers, which have been suggested to assume State-2-like conformations. Asymmetry of the uncleaved Env potentially exposes surfaces of the trimer to pNAbs. To evaluate the effect of stabilizing a State-1-like conformation of the membrane Env precursor, we treated cells expressing wild-type HIV-1 Env with BMS-806. BMS-806 treatment decreased both gp160 cleavage and the addition of complex glycans, implying that gp160 conformational flexibility contributes to the efficiency of these processes. Selective pressure to maintain flexibility in the precursor of functional Env allows the uncleaved Env to sample asymmetric conformations that potentially skew host antibody responses toward pNAbs.

IMPORTANCEThe envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) mediate the entry of the virus into host cells and serve as targets for neutralizing antibodies. The functional Env trimer is produced by cleavage of the gp160 precursor in the infected cell. We found that the HIV-1 Env precursor is highly plastic, allowing it to assume different asymmetric shapes. This conformational plasticity is potentially important for Env cleavage and proper modification by sugars. Having a flexible, asymmetric Env precursor that can misdirect host antibody responses without compromising virus infectivity would be an advantage to a persistent virus like HIV-1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbock, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desaire, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kappes, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodroski, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.28.437443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Asymmetric structures and conformational plasticity of the uncleaved full-length human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein trimer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An MHV macrodomain mutant predicted to lack ADP-ribose binding activity is severely attenuated, indicating multiple roles for the macrodomain in coronavirus replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All coronaviruses (CoVs) contain a macrodomain, also termed Mac1, in non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) which binds and hydrolyzes ADP-ribose covalently attached to proteins. Despite several reports demonstrating that Mac1 is a prominent virulence factor, there is still a limited understanding of its cellular roles during infection. Currently, most of the information regarding the role of CoV Mac1 during infection is based on a single point mutant of a highly conserved asparagine-to-alanine mutation, which is known to largely eliminate Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity. To determine if Mac1 ADP-ribose binding separately contributes to CoV replication, we compared the replication of a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) Mac1 mutant predicted to dramatically reduce ADP-ribose binding, D1329A, to the previously mentioned asparagine mutant, N1347A. D1329A and N1347A both replicated poorly in bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), were inhibited by PARP enzymes, and were highly attenuated in vivo. However, D1329A was significantly more attenuated than N1347A in all cell lines tested that were susceptible to MHV infection. In addition, D1329A retained some ability to block IFN-{beta} transcript accumulation compared to N1347A, indicating that these two mutants impacted distinct Mac1 functions. Mac1 mutants predicted to eliminate both binding and hydrolysis activities were unrecoverable, suggesting that the combined activities of Mac1 may be essential for MHV replication. We conclude that Mac1 has multiple roles in promoting the replication of MHV, and that these results provide further evidence that Mac1 could be a prominent target for anti-CoV therapeutics.

IMPORTANCEIn the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic, there has been a surge to better understand how CoVs replicate, and to identify potential therapeutic targets that could mitigate disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other prominent CoVs. The highly conserved macrodomain, also termed Mac1, is a small domain within non-structural protein 3. It has received significant attention as a potential drug target as previous studies demonstrated that it is essential for CoV pathogenesis in multiple animal models of infection. However, the various roles and functions of Mac1 during infection remain largely unknown. Here, utilizing recombinant Mac1 mutant viruses, we have determined that different biochemical functions of Mac1 have distinct roles in the replication of MHV, a model CoV. These results indicate that Mac1 is more important for CoV replication than previously appreciated, and could help guide the development of inhibitory compounds that target unique regions of this protein domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Voth, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarting, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sperstad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An MHV macrodomain mutant predicted to lack ADP-ribose binding activity is severely attenuated, indicating multiple roles for the macrodomain in coronavirus replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of glycosylation and disulfide bonding of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.01.438120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, uses its spike (S) glycoprotein anchored in the viral membrane to enter host cells. The S glycoprotein is the major target for neutralizing antibodies elicited by natural infection and by vaccines. Approximately 35% of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate, which can influence virus infectivity and susceptibility to antibody inhibition. We found that virus-like particles produced by coexpression of SARS-CoV-2 S, M, E and N proteins contained spike glycoproteins that were extensively modified by complex carbohydrates. We used a fucose-selective lectin to enrich the Golgi-resident fraction of a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein trimer, and determined its glycosylation and disulfide bond profile. Compared with soluble or solubilized S glycoproteins modified to prevent proteolytic cleavage and to retain a prefusion conformation, more of the wild-type S glycoprotein N-linked glycans are processed to complex forms. Even Asn 234, a significant percentage of which is decorated by high-mannose glycans on soluble and virion S trimers, is predominantly modified in the Golgi by processed glycans. Three incompletely occupied sites of O-linked glycosylation were detected. Viruses pseudotyped with natural variants of the serine/threonine residues implicated in O-linked glycosylation were generally infectious and exhibited sensitivity to neutralization by soluble ACE2 and convalescent antisera comparable to that of the wild-type virus. Unlike other natural cysteine variants, a Cys15Phe (C15F) mutant retained partial, but unstable, infectivity. These findings enhance our understanding of the Golgi processing of the native SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein carbohydrates and could assist the design of interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kappes, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desaire, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodroski, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.01.438120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of glycosylation and disulfide bonding of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New distributional opportunities with niche innovation in Eurasian snowfinches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study explores the evolutionary history of ecological niche characters in the Eurasian snowfinch lineage. Specifically, we use new analytical approaches to reconstruct ecological niche evolution, taking uncertainty in knowledge of the ecological niche limits into account. We found an overall pattern of niche conservatism in relation to both temperature and precipitation characteristics of niches, but for one dramatic niche evolution event, in Montifringilla nivalis. Interestingly, this species is also that which has by far the broadest geographic distribution among snowfinches. We conclude that an evolutionary change in niche characteristics perhaps within M. nivalis (i.e., present in some and not all of its populations) made possible the broad, westward range expansion of that species, thus changing the distributional potential of the snowfinch lineage dramatically.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New distributional opportunities with niche innovation in Eurasian snowfinches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-depth phylogenomic analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi based on a comprehensive set of de novo genome assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMorphological characters and nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) phylogenies have so far been the basis of the current classifications of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Improved understanding of the phylogeny and evolutionary history of AM fungi requires extensive ortholog sampling and analyses of genome and transcriptome data from a wide range of taxa.
C_LIO_LITo circumvent the need for axenic culturing of AM fungi we gathered and combined genomic data from single nuclei to generate de novo genome assemblies covering seven families of AM fungi. Comparative analysis of the previously published Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 assembly confirm that our novel workflow generates high-quality genome assemblies suitable for phylogenomic analysis. Predicted genes of our assemblies, together with published protein sequences of AM fungi and their sister clades, were used for phylogenomic analyses.
C_LIO_LIBased on analyses of sets of orthologous genes, we highlight three alternative topologies among families of AM fungi. In the main topology, Glomerales is polyphyletic and Claroideoglomeraceae, is the basal sister group to Glomeraceae and Diversisporales.
C_LIO_LIOur results support family level classification from previous phylogenetic studies. New evolutionary relationships among families where highlighted with phylogenomic analysis using the hitherto most extensive taxon sampling for AM fungi.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montoliu-Nerin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutschera, V. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bever, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.439159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-depth phylogenomic analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi based on a comprehensive set of de novo genome assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isolation of sensory hair cell specific exosomes in human perilymph 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evaluation of hearing loss patients using clinical audiometry has been unable to give a definitive cellular or molecular diagnosis, hampering the development of treatments of sensorineural hearing loss. However, biopsy of inner ear tissue without losing residual hearing function for pathologic diagnosis is extremely challenging. In a clinical setting, perilymph can be accessed, so alternative methods for molecular characterization of the inner ear may be developed. Recent approaches to improving inner ear diagnostics have been focusing on the evaluation of the proteomic or miRNA profiles of perilymph. Inspired by recent characterization and classification of many neurodegenerative diseases using exosomes which not only are produced in locally in diseased tissue but are transported beyond the blood brain barrier, we demonstrate the isolation of human inner ear specific exosomes using a novel ultrasensitive immunomagnetic nano pom-poms capture-release approach. Using perilymph samples harvested from surgical procedures, we were able to isolate exosomes from sensorineural hearing loss patients in only 2-5 L of perilymph. By isolating sensory hair cell derived exosomes through their expression level of myosin VII, we for the first time sample material from hair cells in the living human inner ear. This work sets up the first demonstration of immunomagnetic capture-release nano pom-pom isolated exosomes for liquid biopsy diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. With the ability to isolate exosomes derived from different cell types for molecular characterization, this method also can be developed for analyzing exosomal biomarkers from more accessible patient tissue fluids such as plasma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suiching, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warnecke, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arambula, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Peter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staecker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isolation of sensory hair cell specific exosomes in human perilymph]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced cell deconvolution of peripheral blood using DNA methylation for high-resolution immune profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.11.439377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation microarrays can be employed to interrogate cell-type composition in complex tissues. Here, we expand reference-based deconvolution of blood DNA methylation to include 12 leukocyte subtypes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ naive and memory cells, natural killer, and T regulatory cells). Including derived variables, our method provides up to 56 immune profile variables. The IDOL (IDentifying Optimal Libraries) algorithm was used to identify libraries for deconvolution of DNA methylation data both for current and retrospective platforms. The accuracy of deconvolution estimates obtained using our enhanced libraries was validated using artificial mixtures, and whole-blood DNA methylation with known cellular composition from flow cytometry. We applied our libraries to deconvolve cancer, aging, and autoimmune disease datasets. In conclusion, these libraries enable a detailed representation of immune-cell profiles in blood using only DNA and facilitate a standardized, thorough investigation of the immune system in human health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butler, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molinaro, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiencke, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsey, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.11.439377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced cell deconvolution of peripheral blood using DNA methylation for high-resolution immune profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439766v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DEPDC1/ EEF1A1 complex promotes the progression of human osteosarcoma via downregulation of FOXO3a 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.14.439766v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are currently lack of effective therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma, primarily due to insufficient understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the tumor cells. This study deciphers a potentially critical interplay of DEPDC1-EEF1A1-FOXO3a axis during the osteosarcoma progression. Bioinformatics analysis of documented 25,035 genes for differentially expressed genes were accompanied by transcriptional and translational examinations of clinical osteosarcoma specimens and osteosarcoma cell lines to assess the roles and interactions of DEP domain-containing 1 (DEPDC1), Elongation Factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), and FOXO3a in the tumor cells proliferation and prognosis. Gene expression profile analysis and clinical tests revealed highly expressed DEPDC1 in human osteosarcoma cells and tumor tissues. Vector-mediated silence of DEPDC1 resulted in halted osteosarcoma cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and ceased tumor metastasis. Immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that EEF1A1 directly bind to DEPDC1 protein through three binding regions. Further, DEPDC1/EEF1A1 complex significantly decreased the expression of FOXO3a at transcription and translation levels, which subsequently promoted the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and tumor metastasis. Correlation studies exhibited that overexpression of DEPDC1/EEF1A1 complex in the clinical specimens negatively correlated with the patient survival rate. In conclusion, DEPDC1-EEF1A1-FOXO3a axis plays as a critical pathway that regulates the progression and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bretches, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.14.439766</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DEPDC1/ EEF1A1 complex promotes the progression of human osteosarcoma via downregulation of FOXO3a]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.27.441667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced lipogenesis through Pparγ helps cavefish adapt to food scarcity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.27.441667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient availability varies seasonally and spatially in the wild. The resulting nutrient limitation or restricted access to nutrients pose a major challenge for every organism. While many animals, such as hibernating animals, evolved strategies to overcome periods of nutrient scarcity, the cellular mechanisms of these strategies are poorly understood. Cave environments represent an extreme example of nutrient deprived environments since the lack of sunlight and therefore primary energy production drastically diminishes the nutrient availability. Here, we used Astyanax mexicanus, which includes river-dwelling surface fish and cave adapted cavefish populations to study the genetic adaptation to nutrient limitations. We show that cavefish populations store large amounts of fat in different body regions when fed ad libitum in the lab. We found higher expression of lipogenesis genes in cavefish livers when fed the same amount of food as surface fish, suggesting an improved ability of cavefish to use lipogenesis to convert available energy into triglycerides for storage into adipose tissue. Moreover, the lipid metabolism regulator, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} (Ppar{gamma}), is upregulated at both transcript and protein levels in cavefish livers. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP seq) showed that Ppar{gamma} binds cavefish promoter regions of genes to a higher extent than surface fish. Finally, we identified two possible regulatory mechanisms of Ppar{gamma} in cavefish: higher amounts of ligands of the nuclear receptor, and nonsense mutations in per2, a known repressor of Ppar{gamma}. Taken together, our study reveals that upregulated Ppar{gamma} promotes higher levels of lipogenesis in the liver and contributes to higher body fat accumulation in cavefish populations, an important adaptation to nutrient limited environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenzior, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Persons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peuss, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez Alvarado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.441667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced lipogenesis through Pparγ helps cavefish adapt to food scarcity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Modified Comprehensive Grading System for Murine Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoring the Whole Joint as an Organ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.05.442864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a comprehensive but easy to apply histologic grading system to score osteoarthritic changes in the whole knee joint for both spontaneous and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mouse models.

MethodsThe new OA grading scheme was developed based on extensive literature review and the authors experience in mouse OA models with relatively long periods of observation (up to 24 months of age or 24-week post-surgery). Semi-quantitative assessments of the histopathologic OA changes were applied to all four quadrants of the knee. Grading elements per quadrant were defined as follows: cartilage (0-7) including three new grading elements for early- and late-stage OA, respectively; osteophyte (0-2) covering chondro-osteophytes in both outer and inner joint margins; subchondral bone (0-2) containing subchondral bone thickening and destruction; synovitis (0-2) comprised of both synovial plica and intercondylar notch; and peri-articular tissues (0-2) highlighting ectopic chondrogenesis and ossification in the knee capsule, ligament, and musculature.

ResultsStatistical analyses showed that the new grading system had high intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (Pearsons correlation coefficients r >0.9) for both experienced and novice scorers. Sensitivity and reliability analyses confirmed the ability of the new system to detect minimal OA progression between two timepoints with a two-week interval and to accurately identify tissue-specific OA severity within the knee joint.

ConclusionsThe comprehensive histologic grading system presented here covers all-stage osteoarthritic changes in all major knee joint tissues of mice, which enable us to score OA severity for the whole joint reproducibly and accurately without software-assisted time-consuming measurements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grote, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mackay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.05.442864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Modified Comprehensive Grading System for Murine Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoring the Whole Joint as an Organ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of a 3-color prism-based TIRF microscope to study the interactions and dynamics of macromolecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.10.443430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy allows for real-time visualization of macromolecular dynamics and complex assembly. Prism-based TIRF microscopes (prismTIRF) are relatively simple to operate and can be easily modulated to fit the needs of a wide variety of experimental applications. While building a prismTIRF microscope without expert assistance can pose a significant challenge, the components needed to build a prismTIRF microscope are relatively affordable and, with some guidance, the assembly can be completed by a determined novice. Here, we provide an easy-to-follow guide for the design, assembly, and operation of a 3-color prismTIRF microscope which can be utilized for the study macromolecular complexes, including the multi-component protein-DNA complexes responsible for DNA repair, replication, and transcription. Our hope is that this article can assist laboratories that aspire to implement single-molecule TIRF techniques, and consequently expand the application of this technology to a broader spectrum of scientific questions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fairlamb, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitaker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bain, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spies, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.10.443430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of a 3-color prism-based TIRF microscope to study the interactions and dynamics of macromolecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.444006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Composition and Biophysical Properties of the Sorting Platform Pods in the Shigella Type III Secretion System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.444006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Shigella flexneri, causative agent of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) as its primary virulence factor. The T3SS injectisome delivers effector proteins into host cells to promote entry and create an important intracellular niche. The injectisomes cytoplasmic sorting platform (SP) is a critical assembly that contributes to substrate selection and energizing secretion. The SP consists of oligomeric Spa33 "pods" that associate with the basal body via MxiK and connect to the Spa47 ATPase via MxiN. The pods contain heterotrimers of Spa33 with one full-length copy associated with two copies of a C-terminal domain (Spa33C). The structure of Spa33C is known, but the precise makeup and structure of the pods in situ remains elusive. We show here that recombinant wild-type Spa33 can be prepared as a heterotrimer that forms distinct stable complexes with MxiK and MxiN. In two-hybrid analyses, association of the Spa33 complex with these proteins occurs via the full-length Spa33 component. Furthermore, these complexes each have distinct biophysical properties. Based on these properties, new high-resolution cryo-electron tomography data and architectural similarities between the Spa33 and flagellar FliM-FliN complexes, we provide a preliminary model of the Spa33 heterotrimers within the SP pods. From these findings and evolving models of SP interfaces and dynamics in the Yersinia and Salmonella T3SS, we suggest a model for SP function in which two distinct complexes come together within the context of the SP to contribute to form the complete pod structures during the recruitment of T3SS secretion substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tachiyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skaar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carroll, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthuramalingam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittier, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barta, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picking, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picking, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.444006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Composition and Biophysical Properties of the Sorting Platform Pods in the Shigella Type III Secretion System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.20.445072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational Drug Design of Targeted and Enzyme Cleavable Vitamin E Analogs as Neoadjuvant to Chemotherapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation on Reduction of Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.20.445072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional drug design focus on specific target (s) expressed by cancer cells. However, cancer cells outsmart the interventions by activating survival pathways and/or downregulating cell death pathways. As the research in molecular biology of cancer grows exponentially, new methods of drug designs are needed to target multiple pathways/targets which are involved in survival of cancer cells. Vitamin E analogues including a-tocopheryl succinate (-TOS) is a well-known anti-tumoregenic agent which is well studied both in vitro and in vivo tumor models. However, lack of targeting cancer cells and unexpected toxicity along with the poor water solubility of -TOS compelled a rational drug design using both targeting and cleavable technologies incorporated in the new drug design. A plethora of Vitamin E derivatives (AMP-001, 002 and 003) were synthesized, characterized and studied for the improved efficacy and lowered toxicity in various cancer cells in vitro. Preliminary studies revealed AAAPT leading candidates reduced the invasive potential of brain tumor stem cells, synergized with different drugs and different treatments. AAAPT leading drug AMP-001 enhanced the therapeutic index of front-line drug Doxorubicin in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor rat model preserving the ventricular function when used as a neoadjuvant to Doxorubicin. These results may pave the way for reducing the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy in clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pandurangi, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cseh, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luchman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senedheera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.20.445072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational Drug Design of Targeted and Enzyme Cleavable Vitamin E Analogs as Neoadjuvant to Chemotherapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation on Reduction of Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.22.445248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of the interaction between SETD2 methyltransferase and hnRNP L paralogs for governing co-transcriptional splicing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.22.445248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA recognition motif (RRM) binds to nucleic acids as well as proteins. More than one such domain is found in the pre-mRNA processing hnRNP proteins. While the mode of RNA recognition by RRMs is known, the molecular basis of their protein interaction remains obscure. Here we describe the mode of interaction between hnRNP L and LL with the methyltransferase SETD2. We demonstrate that for the interaction to occur, a leucine pair within a highly conserved stretch of SETD2 insert their side chains in hydrophobic pockets formed by hnRNP L RRM2. Notably, the structure also highlights that RRM2 can form a ternary complex with SETD2 and RNA. Remarkably, mutating the leucine pair in SETD2 also results in its reduced interaction with other hnRNPs. Importantly, the similarity that the mode of SETD2-hnRNP L interaction shares with other related protein-protein interactions reveals a conserved design by which splicing regulators interact with one another.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.22.445248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of the interaction between SETD2 methyltransferase and hnRNP L paralogs for governing co-transcriptional splicing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diverse mating phenotypes impact the spread of wtf meiotic drivers in S. pombe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers are genetic loci that break Mendels law of segregation to be transmitted into more than half of the offspring produced by a heterozygote. The success of a driver relies on outcrossing because drivers gain their advantage in heterozygotes. It is, therefore, curious that Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a species reported to rarely outcross, harbors many meiotic drivers. To address this paradox, we measured mating phenotypes in S. pombe natural isolates. We found that the propensity to inbreed varies between natural isolates and can be affected both by cell density and by the available sexual partners. Additionally, we found that the observed level of inbreeding slows, but does not prevent, the spread of a wtf meiotic driver in the absence of additional fitness costs. These analyses reveal parameters critical to understanding the evolution of S. pombe and help explain the success of meiotic drivers in this species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zanders, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Hernandez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helston, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billmyre, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffner, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eickbush, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCroskey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diverse mating phenotypes impact the spread of wtf meiotic drivers in S. pombe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association mapping of transcriptome variation in Mimulus guttatus indicates differing patterns of selection on cis- versus trans-acting mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We measured the floral bud transcriptome of 151 fully sequenced lines of Mimulus guttatus from one natural population. Thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated as transcription regulators, but there is a striking difference in the Allele Frequency Spectrum (AFS) of cis-acting and trans-acting mutations. Cis-SNPs have intermediate frequencies (consistent with balancing selection) while trans-SNPs exhibit a rare-alleles model (consistent with purifying selection). This pattern only becomes clear when transcript variation is normalized on a gene-to-gene basis. If a global normalization is applied, as is typically in RNAseq experiments, asymmetric transcript distributions combined with "rarity disequilibrium" produce a super-abundance of false positives for trans-acting SNPs. To explore the cause of purifying selection on trans-acting mutations, we identified gene expression modules as sets of co-expressed genes. The extent to which trans-acting mutations influence modules is a strong predictor of allele frequency. Mutations altering expression of genes with high "connectedness" (those that are highly predictive of the representative module expression value) have the lowest allele frequency. The expression modules can also predict whole-plant traits such as flower size. We find that a substantial portion of the genetic (co)variance among traits can be described as an emergent property of genetic effects on expression modules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association mapping of transcriptome variation in Mimulus guttatus indicates differing patterns of selection on cis- versus trans-acting mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unique Features of Different Classes of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Revealed from Sequence Coevolutionary and Structural Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of human membrane proteins and represent the primary targets of about one third of currently marketed drugs. Despite the critical importance, experimental structures have been determined for only a limited portion of GPCRs and functional mechanisms of GPCRs remain poorly understood. Here, we have constructed novel sequence coevolutionary models of the A and B classes of GPCRs and compared them with residue contact frequency maps generated with available experimental structures. Significant portions of structural residue contacts were successfully detected in the sequence-based covariational models. "Exception" residue contacts predicted from sequence coevolutionary models but not available structures added missing links that were important for GPCR activation and allosteric modulation. Moreover, we identified distinct residue contacts involving different sets of functional motifs for GPCR activation, such as the Na+ pocket, CWxP, DRY, PIF and NPxxY motifs in the class A and the HETx and PxxG motifs in the class B. Finally, we systematically uncovered critical residue contacts tuned by allosteric modulation in the two classes of GPCRs, including those from the activation motifs and particularly the extracellular and intracellular loops in class A GPCRs. These findings provide a promising framework for rational design of ligands to regulate GPCR activation and allosteric modulation.

SignificanceG-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in cellular signaling and serve as the primary targets of [~]1/3 of currently marketed drugs. In this work, we have presented the first analysis of both residue sequence coevolution and structural contact maps in different classes of GPCRs. We have inferred pathways for GPCR signal transduction that could not be determined from structural analysis alone. Distinct residue contacts have been identified in the signaling pathways of class A and B GPCRs. Our combined sequence coevolutionary and structural contact analysis has thus revealed important insights into the mechanism of GPCR signal transduction, which is expected to facilitate rational drug design of the GPCRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Do, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haldane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unique Features of Different Classes of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Revealed from Sequence Coevolutionary and Structural Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caenorhabditis elegans ETR-1/CELF has broad effects on the muscle cell transcriptome, including genes that regulate translation and neuroblast migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Migration of neuroblasts and neurons from their birthplace is central to the formation of neural circuits and networks. ETR-1 is the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the CELF1 (CUGBP, ELAV-like family 1) RNA-processing factor involved in neuromuscular disorders. etr-1 regulates body wall muscle differentiation. Our previous work showed that etr-1 in muscle has a non-autonomous role in neuronal migration, suggesting that ETR-1 is involved in the production of a signal emanating from body wall muscle that controls neuroblast migration and that interacts with Wnt signaling. etr-1 is extensively alternatively-spliced, and we identified the viable etr-1(lq61) mutant, caused by a stop codon in alternatively-spliced exon 8 and only affecting etr-1 isoforms containing exon 8. We took advantage of viable etr-1(lq61) to identify potential RNA targets of ETR-1 in body wall muscle using a combination of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of body wall muscles from wild-type and etr-1(lq61) and subsequent RNA-seq. This analysis revealed genes whose splicing and transcript levels were controlled by ETR-1 exon 8 isoforms, and represented a broad spectrum of genes involved in muscle differentiation, myofilament lattice structure, and physiology. Genes with transcripts underrepresented in etr-1(lq61) included those involved in ribosome function and translation, similar to potential CELF1 targets identified in chick cardiomyocytes. This suggests that at least some targets of ETR-1 might be conserved in vertebrates, and that ETR-1 might generally stimulate translation in muscles. As proof-of-principle, a functional analysis of a subset of ETR-1 targets revealed genes involved in AQR and PQR neuronal migration. One such gene, lev-11/tropomyosin, requires ETR-1 for alternative splicing, and another, unc-52/perlecan, requires ETR-1 for the production of long isoforms containing 3 exons. In sum, these studies identified gene targets of ETR-1/CELF1 in muscles, which included genes involved in muscle development and physiology, and genes with novel roles in neuronal migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ochs, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWhirter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caenorhabditis elegans ETR-1/CELF has broad effects on the muscle cell transcriptome, including genes that regulate translation and neuroblast migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A community-driven roadmap to advance research on translated open reading frames detected by Ribo-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in our understanding of the translational  vocabulary of the human genome, discovering thousands of translated open reading frames (ORFs) within long non-coding RNAs and presumed untranslated regions of protein-coding genes. However, reference gene annotation projects have been circumspect in their incorporation of these ORFs due to uncertainties about their experimental reproducibility and physiological roles. Yet, it is indisputable that certain Ribo-seq ORFs make stable proteins, others mediate gene regulation, and many have medical implications. Ultimately, the absence of standardized ORF annotation has created a circular problem: while Ribo-seq ORFs remain unannotated by reference biological databases, this lack of characterisation will thwart research efforts examining their roles. Here, we outline the initial stages of a community-led effort supported by GENCODE / Ensembl, HGNC and UniProt to produce a consolidated catalog of human Ribo-seq ORFs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mudge, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Orera, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prensner, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brunet, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magrane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alba, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baranov, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bazzini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruford, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvunis, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couso, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flicek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankish, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerstein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingolia, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menschaert, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohler, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roucou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saghatelian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Heesch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.10.447896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A community-driven roadmap to advance research on translated open reading frames detected by Ribo-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448577v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Phenotyping of Cutaneous Afferents Reveals Rapid-Onset Alterations in Nociceptor Response Properties Following Spinal Cord Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.15.448577v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex syndrome that has profound effects on patient well-being, including the development of medically-resistant chronic pain. The mechanisms underlying SCI pain have been the subject of thorough investigation but remain poorly understood. While the majority of the research has focused on changes occurring within and surrounding the site of injury in the spinal cord, there is now a consensus that alterations within the peripheral nervous system, namely sensitization of nociceptors, contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic SCI pain. Here we demonstrate that thoracic spinal contusion injury results in the emergence of autotomy and spasticity, both indicators of spontaneous pain, in areas below the level of the injury within 24 hr of SCI. These behaviors were associated with hindpaw edema and elevated cutaneous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. Electrophysiological recordings using an ex vivo skin/nerve/DRG/spinal cord preparation demonstrated that SCI increased mechanical and thermal sensitivity, as well as the incidence of spontaneous activity (SA) and afterdischarge (AD), in below-level C-fiber nociceptors 24 hr following injury. Interestingly, the distribution of nociceptors that exhibit SA and AD are not identical, and the development of SA was observed more frequently in nociceptors with low thermal thresholds, while AD was found more frequently in nociceptors with high thermal thresholds. These results demonstrate that SCI causes the rapid-onset of peripheral inflammation-like processes that sensitize nociceptors, which may contribute to the early emergence and persistence of chronic SCI pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eller, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stair, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson-Brantley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumbauer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.15.448577</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Phenotyping of Cutaneous Afferents Reveals Rapid-Onset Alterations in Nociceptor Response Properties Following Spinal Cord Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449323v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPIKE-TRIGGERED INTRASPINAL MICROSTIMULATION IMPROVES MOTOR PERFORANCE IN AN AMBULATORY RAT MODEL OF SPINAL CORD INJURY 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449323v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purpose of this study was to determine if spike-triggered intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) results in improved motor performance in an ambulatory rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Experiments were carried out in adult male Sprague Dawley rats with 175 kdyn moderate T8 contusion injury. Rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control or Activity Dependent Stimulation (ADS) therapy. Four weeks post-SCI, all rats were implanted with a recording electrode in the left hindlimb motor cortex and a fine-wire, custom-made stimulating electrode in the contralateral lumbar spinal cord. Intracortical and intraspinal microstimulation were used to find sites of similar hip representation areas, which were paired together for ADS therapy. In the ADS therapy group, spike-stimulus conditioning was administered for 4 hours/day, 4 days/week, for 4 weeks via a tethered cable in a testing chamber. During therapy sessions, single-unit spikes were discriminated in real time in the hindlimb motor cortex and used to trigger stimulation in the spinal cord ventral horn. The optimal stimulus intensity (50% ISMS movement threshold) and spike-stimulus delay (10ms) determined in preliminary anesthetized preparations were used during ADS. Control rats were similarly implanted with electrodes but did not receive stimulation therapy. Motor performances of each rat were evaluated before SCI contusion, once a week post-SCI for four weeks (prior to electrode implantation), and once a week post-conditioning for four weeks. Behavioral testing included BBB scoring, Ledged Beam walking, Horizontal Ladder walking, treadmill kinematics via the DigiGait and TreadScan system, and open field walking using OptiTrack kinematic analysis. BBB scores were significantly improved in ADS rats compared to Control rats after 1 week of therapy. In the ADS therapy rats, BBB scores were significantly improved after two weeks of ADS therapy when compared to pre-therapy. Foot fault scores on the Horizontal Ladder were significantly lower in ADS rats compared to pre-therapy ADS and Control rats after 1 week of therapy and returned to pre-injury measures after three weeks of ADS therapy. The Ledged Beam test and kinematic analysis using the DigiGait and TreadScan system showed deficits after SCI in both ADS and Control rats but there were no significant differences between groups after 4 weeks of ADS therapy. These results show that activity dependent stimulation after spinal cord injury using spike-triggered ISMS enhances behavioral recovery of locomotor function as measured by the BBB score and the Horizontal Ladder task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Borrell, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gattozzi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krizsan-Agbas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FROST, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.21.449323</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPIKE-TRIGGERED INTRASPINAL MICROSTIMULATION IMPROVES MOTOR PERFORANCE IN AN AMBULATORY RAT MODEL OF SPINAL CORD INJURY]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory approved monoclonal antibodies contain framework mutations predicted from human antibody repertoires 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.22.449488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutics used to treat cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Identifying highly developable mAb sequences in silico could greatly reduce the time and cost required for therapeutic mAb development. Here, we present position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) for antibody framework mutations developed using natural human antibody repertoire sequences. Our analysis shows that natural human antibody repertoire-based PSSMs are consistent across individuals and demonstrate high correlations between related germlines. We show that mutations in existing therapeutic antibodies can be accurately predicted solely from natural human antibody sequence data. mAbs developed using humanized mice had more human-like FR mutations than mAbs originally developed by hybridoma technology. A quantitative assessment of entire framework regions of therapeutic antibodies revealed that there may be potential for improving the properties of existing therapeutic antibodies by incorporating additional mutations of high frequency in natural human antibody repertoires. In addition, high frequency mutations in natural human antibody repertoires were predicted in silico to reduce immunogenicity in therapeutic mAbs due to the removal of T cell epitopes. Several therapeutic mAbs were identified to have common, universally high-scoring framework mutations, and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the mechanistic basis for the evolutionary selection of these mutations. Our results suggest that natural human antibody repertoires may be useful as predictive tools to guide mAb development in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petersen, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulmer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhodes, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez Gonzalez, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dekosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprenger, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitehead, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.22.449488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory approved monoclonal antibodies contain framework mutations predicted from human antibody repertoires]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex Differences in Cerebral Edema after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.25.449932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral edema following TBI is known to play a critical role in injury severity and prognosis. In the current study we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess cerebral edema 24 hours after unilateral contusive TBI in male and female rats. We then directly quantified brain water content in the same subjects ex vivo. We found that both males and females had similarly elevated T2 values after TBI compared with sham controls. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was more variable than T2 and did not show significant injury effects in males or females. Brain water was elevated in male TBI rats compared with sham controls, but there was no difference between female TBI and sham groups. Notably, MRI biomarkers of edema were more closely correlated with brain water in male rats; female rats did not show any relationship between brain water and T2 or ADC. These observations raise questions about the interpretation of radiological findings traditionally interpreted as edema in female TBI patients. A better understanding of sex differences and similarities in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic edema is needed to help improve patient management and the development of effective treatment strategies for men and women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Minchew, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christian, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keselman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.25.449932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex Differences in Cerebral Edema after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative C-terminal differentiation for bulk and single molecule proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methods for the selective labeling of biogenic functional groups on peptides are being developed and used in the workflow of both current and emerging proteomics technologies, such as single-molecule fluorosequencing. To achieve successful labeling with any one method requires that the peptide fragments contain the functional group for which the labeling chemistry is designed. In practice, only two functional groups are present on every peptide fragment regardless of the protein cleavage site, namely, an N-terminal amine and a C-terminal carboxylic acid. Developing a global-labeling technology, therefore, requires one to specifically target the N- and/or C-terminus of peptides. In this work, we showcase the first successful application of photocatalyzed C-terminal decarboxylative-alkylation for peptide mass-spectrometry and single molecule protein sequencing, that can be broadly applied to any proteome. We demonstrate that peptides in complex mixtures generated from enzymatic digests from bovine serum albumin, as well as protein mixtures from yeast and human cell extracts, can be site-specifically labeled at their C-terminal residue with a Michael acceptor. Using two distinct analytical approaches, we characterize C-terminal labeling efficiencies of greater than 50% across complete proteomes and document the proclivity of various C-terminal amino acid residues for decarboxylative-labeling, showing histidine and tryptophan to be the most disfavored. Finally, we combine C-terminal decarboxylative labeling with an orthogonal carboxylic acid labeling technology in tandem, to establish a new platform for fluorosequencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilamari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mapes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swaminathan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marcotte, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anslyn, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative C-terminal differentiation for bulk and single molecule proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A modular protein subunit vaccine candidate produced in yeast confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.13.452251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been distributed at massive scale in developed countries, and have been effective at preventing COVID-19. Access to vaccines is limited, however, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to insufficient supply, high costs, and cold storage requirements. New vaccines that can be produced in existing manufacturing facilities in LMICs, can be manufactured at low cost, and use widely available, proven, safe adjuvants like alum, would improve global immunity against SARS-CoV-2. One such protein subunit vaccine is produced by the Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. and is currently in clinical testing. Two protein components, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particles (VLPs), are each produced in yeast, which would enable a low-cost, high-volume manufacturing process. Here, we describe the design and preclinical testing of the RBD-VLP vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. We observed titers of neutralizing antibodies (>104) above the range of protection for other licensed vaccines in non-human primates. Interestingly, addition of a second adjuvant (CpG1018) appeared to improve the cellular response while reducing the humoral response. We challenged animals with SARS-CoV-2, and observed a ~3.4 and ~2.9 log10 reduction in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa, respectively, compared to sham controls. These results inform the design and formulation of current clinical COVID-19 vaccine candidates like the one described here, and future designs of RBD-based vaccines against variants of SARS-CoV-2 or other betacoronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tostanoski, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Aponte, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajoria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinot, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrashekar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercado, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giffin, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nampanya, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naranjo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flinchbaugh, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pessaint, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velasco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teow, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camp, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleanthous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barouch, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.13.452251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A modular protein subunit vaccine candidate produced in yeast confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generalizing Bayesian phylogenetics to infer shared evolutionary events 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many processes of biological diversification can simultaneously affect multiple evolutionary lineages. Examples include multiple members of a gene family diverging when a region of a chromosome is duplicated, multiple viral strains diverging at a "super-spreading" event, and a geological event fragmenting whole communities of species. It is difficult to test for patterns of shared divergences predicted by such processes, because all phylogenetic methods assume that lineages diverge independently. We introduce a Bayesian phylogenetic approach to relax the assumption of independent, bifurcating divergences by expanding the space of topologies to include trees with shared and multifurcating divergences. This allows us to jointly infer phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and patterns of divergences predicted by processes of diversification that affect multiple evolutionary lineages simultaneously or lead to more than two descendant lineages. Using simulations, we find the new method accurately infers shared and multifurcating divergence events when they occur, and performs as well as current phylogenetic methods when divergences are independent and bifurcating. We apply our new approach to genomic data from two genera of geckos from across the Philippines to test if past changes to the islands landscape caused bursts of speciation. Unlike our previous analyses restricted to only pairs of gecko populations, we find evidence for patterns of shared divergences. By generalizing the space of phylogenetic trees in a way that is independent from the likelihood model, our approach opens many avenues for future research into processes of diversification across the life sciences.

Significance statementPhylogenetic models have long assumed that lineages diverge independently. Processes of diversification that are of interest in biogeography, epidemiology, and genome evolution, violate this assumption by affecting multiple evolutionary lineages. To relax the assumption of independent divergences and infer patterns of divergences predicted by such processes, we introduce a new way of conceptualizing, modeling, and inferring phylogenetic trees. We apply the new approach to genomic data from geckos distributed across the Philippines, and find support for patterns of shared divergences predicted by repeated fragmentation of the archipelago by interglacial rises in sea level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oaks, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generalizing Bayesian phylogenetics to infer shared evolutionary events]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.454368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A machine-learning approach for detection of local brain networks and marginally weak signals identifies novel AD/MCI differentiating connectomic neuroimaging biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.29.454368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionA computationally fast machine learning method is introduced for uncovering the wholebrain voxel-level connectomic spectra that differentiates different status of Alzheimers disease (AD). The method is applied to the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Fluorinefluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) imaging and clinical data and identified novel AD/MCI differentiating connectomic neuroimaging biomarkers.

MethodsA divide-and-conquer algorithm is introduced for detect informative local brain networks at voxel level and whole-brain scale. The connection information within the local networks is integrated into the node voxels, which makes detection of the marginally weak signals possible. Prediction accuracy is significantly improved by incorporating the local brain networks and marginally weak signals.

ResultsBrain connectomic structures differentiating AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD and healthy, and MIC and healthy were discovered. We identified novel AD/MCI-associated neuroimaging biomarkers by integrating local brain networks and marginally weak signals. For example, networkbased signals in paracentral lobule (p-value=6.1e-5), olfactory cortex (p-value=4.6e-5), caudate nucleus (1.8e-3) and precentral gyrus (1.8e-3) are informative in differentiating AD and MCI. Connections between calcarine sulcus and lingual gyrus (p-value=0.049), between parahippocampal gyrus and Amygdala (p-value=0.025), between rolandic opercula and insula lobes (p-values=0.0028 and 0.0026). An overall prediction accuracy of 95.3% was achieved by integrating the selected local brain networks and marginally weak signals, compared to 84.0% by not considering the inter-voxel connections and using marginally strong signals only.

Conclusion(i) The connectomic structures differentiating AD and MCI are significantly different to that differentiating MCI and healthy, which may indicate different neuronal etiology for AD and MCI. (ii) Many neuroimaging biomarkers exert their effects on the outcome diseases through their connections to other markers. Integrating such connections can help identify novel neuroimaging biomarkers and improve disease prediction accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalise, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahnken, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.29.454368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A machine-learning approach for detection of local brain networks and marginally weak signals identifies novel AD/MCI differentiating connectomic neuroimaging biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distinct inner nuclear membrane proteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae gametes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteome regulates gene expression, chromatin organization, and nuclear transport, however, it is poorly understood how changes in INM protein composition contribute to developmentally regulated processes, such as gametogenesis. Using a split-GFP complementation system, we compared the distribution of all C-terminally tagged transmembrane proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in gametes to that of mitotic cells. Gametes contain a distinct INM proteome needed to complete gamete formation, including expression of genes linked to cell wall biosynthesis, lipid biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, protein degradation and unknown functions. Based on the inheritance pattern, INM components are made de novo in the gametes. Whereas mitotic cells show a strong preference for proteins with small extraluminal domains, gametes do not exhibit this size preference likely due to the changes in the nuclear permeability barrier during gametogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shelton, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaspersen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distinct inner nuclear membrane proteome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae gametes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of Tripeptide Trimming by γ-Secretase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The membrane-embedded {gamma}-secretase complex processively cleaves within the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to produce 37-to-43-residue amyloid {beta}-peptides (A{beta}) of Alzheimers disease (AD). Despite its importance in pathogenesis, the mechanism of processive proteolysis by {gamma}-secretase remains poorly understood. Here, mass spectrometry and western blotting were used to quantify the efficiency of the first tripeptide trimming step (A{beta}49[-&gt;]A{beta}46) of wildtype (WT) and familial AD (FAD) mutant APP substrate. In comparison to WT APP, the efficiency of this first trimming step was similar for the I45F, A42T and V46F APP FAD mutants, but substantially diminished for the I45T and T48P mutants. In parallel with biochemical experiments, all-atom simulations using a novel Peptide Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (Pep-GaMD) method were applied to investigate tripeptide trimming of A{beta}49 by {gamma}-secretase. The starting structure was active {gamma}-secretase bound to A{beta}49 and APP intracellular domain (AICD), as generated from our previous study that captured activation of {gamma}-secretase for the initial endoproteolytic cleavage of APP (Bhattarai et al., ACS Cent Sci, 2020, 6:969-983). Pep-GaMD simulations captured remarkable structural rearrangements of both the enzyme and substrate, in which hydrogen-bonded catalytic aspartates and water became poised for tripeptide trimming of A{beta}49 to A{beta}46. These structural changes required a positively charged N-terminus of endoproteolytic coproduct AICD, which could dissociate during conformational rearrangements of the protease and A{beta}49. The simulation findings were highly consistent with biochemical experimental data. Taken together, our complementary biochemical experiments and Pep-GaMD simulations have enabled elucidation of the mechanism of tripeptide trimming by {gamma}-secretase.

Significance statementProduction of amyloid {beta}-peptide (A{beta}) of Alzheimers disease (AD) from its precursor protein requires a series of proteolytic events carried out by the membrane-embedded {gamma}-secretase complex. Mutations in the substrate and enzyme that produce A{beta} cause hereditary AD and these mutations affect tripeptide trimming of initially formed long A{beta} peptides by {gamma}-secretase. Little is known about the structural mechanism of this trimming process. Here, we have developed a molecular dynamic model for the first step of trimming (A{beta}49 to A{beta}46) by {gamma}-secretase. Conformational changes in the enzyme-substrate complex to set up this trimming step require the presence of N-terminally charged endoproteolytic cleavage co-product. Computational effects of AD-causing mutations in A{beta}49 on the trimming process were validated through biochemical experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of Tripeptide Trimming by γ-Secretase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455255v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of Tethered Agonist-Mediated Signaling by Polycystin-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455255v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystin-1 (PC1) is an important unusual G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with 11 transmembrane (TM) domains and its mutations account for 85% of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PC1 shares multiple characteristics with Adhesion GPCRs. These include a GPCR proteolysis site that autocatalytically divides these proteins into extracellular, N-terminal and membrane-embedded, C-terminal (CTF) fragments, and a tethered agonist (TA) within the N-terminal stalk of the CTF that is suggested to activate signaling. However, the mechanism by which a TA can activate PC1 is not known. Here, we have combined functional cellular signaling experiments of PC1 CTF expression constructs encoding wild type, stalkless and three different ADPKD stalk variants with all-atom Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations to investigate TA-mediated signaling activation. Correlations of residue motions and free-energy profiles calculated from the GaMD simulations correlated with the differential signaling abilities of wild type and stalk variants of PC1 CTF. They suggested an allosteric mechanism involving residue interactions connecting the stalk, Tetragonal Opening for Polycystins (TOP) domain and putative pore loop in TA-mediated activation of PC1 CTF. Key interacting residues such as N3074-S3585 and R3848-E4078 predicted from the GaMD simulations were validated by new mutagenesis experiments. Together, these complementary analyses have provided novel insights into a TA-mediated activation mechanism of PC1 CTF signaling, which will be important for future rational drug design targeting PC1.

Significance StatementMutations of polycystin-1 (PC1) are the major cause (85% of cases) of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure. PC1 is thought to function as an atypical GPCR, yet the mechanism by which PC1 regulates G-protein signaling remains poorly understood. A significant portion of ADPKD mutations of PC1 encode a protein with defects in maturation or reduced function that may be amenable to functional rescue. In this work, we have combined complementary biochemical and cellular assay experiments and accelerated molecular simulations, which revealed a novel allosteric transduction pathway in activation of the PC1 CTF. Our findings shall facilitate future rational drug design efforts targeting the PC1 signaling function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pawnikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magenheimer, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevarez-Munoz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maser, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455255</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of Tethered Agonist-Mediated Signaling by Polycystin-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design of Transmembrane Mimetic Structural Probes to Trap Different Stages of γ-Secretase-Substrate Interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.455313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transmembrane domain (TMD) of the amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimers disease is processively cut by {gamma}-secretase through endoproteolysis and tricarboxypeptidase "trimming". We recently developed a prototype substrate TMD mimetic for structural analysis--composed of a helical peptide inhibitor linked to a transition-state analog--that simultaneously engages a substrate exosite and the active site and is pre-organized to trap the carboxypeptidase transition state. Here we developed variants of this prototype designed to allow visualization of transition states for endoproteolysis, TMD helix unwinding, and lateral gating of substrate, identifying potent inhibitors for each class. These TMD mimetics exhibited non-competitive inhibition and occupy both exosite and active site as demonstrated by inhibitor cross competition experiments and photoaffinity probe binding assays. The new probes should be important structural tools for trapping different stages of substrate recognition and processing via ongoing cryo-electron microscopy with {gamma}-secretase, ultimately aiding rational drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.455313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design of Transmembrane Mimetic Structural Probes to Trap Different Stages of γ-Secretase-Substrate Interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro tau aggregation inducer molecules influence the effects of MAPT mutations on aggregation dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) and Alzheimers disease related dementias (ADRDs) affect 6 million Americans and they are projected to have an estimated health care cost of $355 billion for 2021. A histopathological hallmark of AD and many ADRDs is the aberrant intracellular accumulation of the microtubule associated protein tau. These neurodegenerative disorders that contain tau aggregates are collectively known as tauopathies and recent structural studies have shown that different tauopathies are characterized by different "strains" of tau filaments. In addition, mutations in the gene that encodes for tau protein expression have been associated with a group of tauopathies known as frontotemporal dementias with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17 or familial frontotemporal dementia). In vitro studies often use small molecules to induce tau aggregation as tau is extremely soluble and does not spontaneously aggregate in typical lab conditions and the use of authentic filaments to conduct in vitro studies is not feasible. This study highlights how different inducer molecules can have fundamental disparities to how disease related mutations effect the aggregation dynamics of tau. Using three different classes of tau aggregation inducer molecules we characterized disease relevant mutations in taus PGGG motifs at positions P301S, P332S, and P364S. When comparing these mutations to wild type tau, we found that depending on the type of inducer molecule used we saw fundamental differences in total aggregation, aggregation kinetics, immunoreactivity, and filament morphology. These data support the hypothesis that different tau aggregation inducer molecules make different polymorphs and perhaps structurally distinct strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ingham, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hillyer, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuire, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamblin, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro tau aggregation inducer molecules influence the effects of MAPT mutations on aggregation dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of aryl aminothiazole γ-secretase modulators with novel effects on amyloid β-peptide production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A series of analogs based on a prototype aryl aminothiazole {gamma}-secretase modulator (GSM) were synthesized and tested for their effects on the profile of 37-to-42-residue amyloid {beta}-peptides (A{beta}), generated through processive proteolysis of precursor protein substrate by {gamma}-secretase. Certain substitutions on the terminal aryl D ring resulted in an altered profile of A{beta} production compared to that seen with the parent molecule. Small structural changes led to concentration-dependent increases in A{beta}37 and A{beta}38 production without parallel decreases in their precursors A{beta}40 and A{beta}42, respectively. The new compounds therefore apparently also stimulate carboxypeptidase trimming of A{beta} peptides [&ge;]43 residues, providing novel chemical tools for mechanistic studies of processive proteolysis by {gamma}-secretase.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of aryl aminothiazole γ-secretase modulators with novel effects on amyloid β-peptide production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457171v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constitutive signaling by the C-terminal fragment of polycystin-1 is mediated by a tethered peptide agonist 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457171v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutation of the PKD1 gene, encoding polycystin-1 (PC1), is the primary cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PC1 is an 11-transmembrane domain protein that binds and modulates the activity of multiple heterotrimeric G protein families and is thought to function as a non-canonical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). PC1 shares a conserved GPCR autoproteolysis inducing [GAIN] domain with the adhesion family of GPCRs, that promotes an auto-catalytic, cis-cleavage at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) located proximal to the first transmembrane domain. GPS cleavage divides these receptors into two associated  subunits, the extracellular N-terminal (NTF) and transmembrane C-terminal (CTF) fragments. For the adhesion GPCRs, removal of the NTF leads to activation of G protein signaling as a result of the exposure and subsequent intramolecular binding of the extracellular N-terminal stalk of the CTF, i.e., the tethered cryptic ligand or tethered agonist model. Here, we test the hypothesis that PC1-mediated signaling is regulated by an adhesion GPCR-like, tethered agonist mechanism. Using cell-based reporter assays and mutagenesis of PC1 expression constructs, we show that the CTF form of PC1 requires the stalk for signaling activation and synthetic peptides derived from the PC1 stalk sequence can re-activate signaling by a  stalk-less CTF. In addition, we demonstrate that ADPKD-associated missense mutations within the PC1 stalk affect signaling and can inhibit GPS cleavage. These results provide a foundation for beginning to understand the molecular mechanism of G protein regulation by PC1 and suggest that a tethered agonist-mediated mechanism can contribute to PKD pathogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations of the PKD1 gene, encoding polycystin-1, are the predominant cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a systemic disease that is the 4th leading cause of kidney failure. Polycystin-1 functions as an atypical GPCR capable of binding or activating heterotrimeric G proteins, which is essential for preventing renal cystogenesis. However, little is known regarding its regulation. Polycystin-1 shares structural features with the Adhesion family of GPCRs. In this work, we combined mutagenesis and cellular signaling assays which demonstrated that constitutive activation of signaling by polycystin-1 involves an Adhesion GPCR-like molecular mechanism. This study provides new knowledge regarding the structure-function relationships of polycystin-1 which will stimulate additional areas of investigation and reveal novel avenues of therapeutic intervention for ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magenheimer, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevarez Munoz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravichandran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maser, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.457171</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constitutive signaling by the C-terminal fragment of polycystin-1 is mediated by a tethered peptide agonist]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWIST1 interacts with adherens junction proteins during neural tube formation and regulates fate transition in cranial neural crest cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell fate determination is a necessary and tightly regulated process for producing different cell types and structures during development. Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are unique to vertebrate embryos and emerge from the neural fold borders into multiple cell lineages that differentiate into bone, cartilage, neurons, and glial cells. We previously reported that Irf6 genetically interacts with Twist1 during CNCC-derived tissue formation. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of Twist1 and Irf6 at early stages of craniofacial development. Our data indicates that TWIST1 interacts with /{beta}/{gamma}-CATENINS during neural tube closure, and Irf6 is involved in the structural integrity of the neural tube. Twist1 suppresses Irf6 and other epithelial genes in CNCCs during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and cell migration. Conversely, a loss of Twist1 leads to a sustained expression of epithelial and cell adhesion markers in migratory CNCCs. Disruption of TWIST1 phosphorylation in vivo leads to epidermal blebbing, edema, neural tube defects, and CNCC-derived structural abnormalities. Altogether, this study describes an uncharacterized function of Twist1 and Irf6 in the neural tube and CNCCs and provides new target genes of Twist1 involved in cytoskeletal remodeling. Furthermore, the association between DNA variations within TWIST1 putative enhancers and human facial morphology is also investigated.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThis study uncovers a new function of Twist1 in neural tube development and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cranial neural crest cells. Data further shows that Twist1-interacting Irf6 is involved in regulating neural tube integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bertol, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nitschke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stetsiv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nistor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoskens, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claes, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberg, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farach-Carson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fakhouri, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.22.457283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWIST1 interacts with adherens junction proteins during neural tube formation and regulates fate transition in cranial neural crest cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PH/MyTH4/FERMmolecule MAX-1 inhibits UNC-5 activity in regulation of VD growth cone protrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UNC-6/Netrin is a secreted conserved guidance cue that regulates dorsal-ventral axon guidance of C. elegans and in the vertebral spinal cord. In the polarity/protrusion model of VD growth cone guidance away from ventrally-expressed UNC-6 (repulsion), UNC-6 first polarizes the growth cone via the UNC-5 receptor such that filopodial protrusions are biased dorsally. UNC-6 then regulates a balance of protrusion in the growth cone based upon this polarity. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion ventrally, and the UNC-6 receptor UNC-40/DCC stimulates protrusion dorsally, resulting in net dorsal growth cone outgrowth. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion through the flavin monooxygenases FMO-1, 4, and 5 and possible actin destabilization, and inhibits pro-protrusive microtubule entry into the growth cone utilizing UNC-33/CRMP. The PH/MyTH4/FERM myosin-like protein was previously shown to act with UNC-5 in VD axon guidance utilizing axon guidance endpoint analysis. Here, we analyzed the effects of MAX-1 on VD growth cone morphology during outgrowth. We found that max-1 mutant growth cones were smaller and less protrusive than wild-type, the opposite of the unc-5 mutant phenotype. Furthermore, genetic interactions suggest that MAX-1 might normally inhibit UNC-5 activity, such that in a max-1 mutant growth cone, UNC-5 is overactive. Our results, combined with previous studies suggesting that MAX-1 might regulate UNC-5 levels in the cell or plasma membrane localization, suggest that MAX-1 attenuates UNC-5 signaling by regulating UNC-5 stability or trafficking. In summary, in the context of growth cone protrusion, MAX-1 inhibits UNC-5, demonstrating the mechanistic insight that can be gained by analyzing growth cones during outgrowth in addition to axon guidance endpoint analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahadik, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PH/MyTH4/FERMmolecule MAX-1 inhibits UNC-5 activity in regulation of VD growth cone protrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DOCKGROUND scoring benchmarks for protein docking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein docking protocols typically involve global docking scan, followed by re-ranking of the scan predictions by more accurate scoring functions that are either computationally too expensive or algorithmically impossible to include in the global scan. Development and validation of scoring methodologies are often performed on scoring benchmark sets (docking decoys) which offer concise and nonredundant representation of the global docking scan output for a large and diverse set of protein-protein complexes. Two such protein-protein scoring benchmarks were built for the DO_SCPLOWOCKGROUNDC_SCPLOW resource, which contains various datasets for the development and testing of protein docking methodologies. One set was generated based on the DO_SCPLOWOCKGROUNDC_SCPLOW unbound docking benchmark 4, and the other based on protein models from the DO_SCPLOWOCKGROUNDC_SCPLOW model-model benchmark 2. The docking decoys were designed to reflect the reality of the real-case docking applications (e.g., correct docking predictions defined as near-native rather than native structures), and to minimize applicability of approaches not directly related to the development of scoring functions (reducing clustering of predictions in the binding funnel and disparity in structural quality of the near-native and non-native matches). The sets were further characterized by the source organism and the function of the protein-protein complexes. The sets, freely available to the research community on the DO_SCPLOWOCKGROUNDC_SCPLOW webpage, present a unique, user-friendly resource for the developing and testing of protein-protein scoring approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotthoff, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakser, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DOCKGROUND scoring benchmarks for protein docking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Powerful, efficient QTL mapping in Drosophila melanogaster using bulked phenotyping and pooled sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.02.458801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the value of Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) for the dissection of complex traits, large panels can be difficult to maintain, distribute, and phenotype. An attractive alternative to RILs for many traits leverages selecting phenotypically-extreme individuals from a segregating population, and subjecting pools of selected and control individuals to sequencing. Under a bulked or extreme segregant analysis paradigm, genomic regions contributing to trait variation are revealed as frequency differences between pools. Here we describe such an extreme quantitative trait locus, or X-QTL mapping strategy that builds on an existing multiparental population, the DSPR (Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource), and involves phenotyping and genotyping a population derived by mixing hundreds of DSPR RILs. Simulations demonstrate that challenging, yet experimentally tractable X-QTL designs (>=4 replicates, >=5000 individuals/replicate, and a selection intensity of 5-10%) yield at least the same power as traditional RIL-based QTL mapping, and can localize variants with sub-centimorgan resolution. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach using a 4-fold replicated X-QTL experiment that identifies 7 QTL for caffeine resistance. Two mapped X-QTL factors replicate loci previously identified in RILs, 6/7 are associated with excellent candidate genes, and RNAi knock-downs support the involvement of 4 genes in the genetic control of trait variation. For many traits of interest to drosophilists a bulked phenotyping/genotyping X-QTL design has considerable advantages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloud-Richardson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sims-West, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.02.458801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Powerful, efficient QTL mapping in Drosophila melanogaster using bulked phenotyping and pooled sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Relationship Between Inter-individual Variation in Circadian Rhythm and Sociality: A case Study Using Halictid Bees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The bee family Halictidae is considered to be an optimal model for the study of social evolution due to its remarkable range of social behaviors. Past studies in circadian rhythms suggest that social species may express more diversity in circadian behaviors than solitary species. However, these previous studies did not make appropriate taxonomic comparisons. To further explore the link between circadian rhythms and sociality, we examine four halictid species with different degrees of sociality, three social species of Lasioglossum, one from Greece and two from Puerto Rico, and a solitary species of Systropha from Greece. Based on our previous observations, we hypothesized that species with greater degree of sociality will show greater inter-individual variation in circadian rhythms than solitary species. We observed distinct differences in their circadian behavior that parallel differences across sociality, where the most social species expressed the highest inter-individual variation. We predict that circadian rhythm differences will be informative of sociality across organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melendez Cartagena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortiz-Alvarado, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ordonez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordero-Martinez, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrose, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman Lizasoain, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santos Vega, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez Velez, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo-Gonzalez, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petanidou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tscheulin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barthell, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giray, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agosto-Rivera, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Relationship Between Inter-individual Variation in Circadian Rhythm and Sociality: A case Study Using Halictid Bees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome phylogenies support ancient evolutionary transitions in bioluminescence traits of cypridinid ostracods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the the diversity, beauty, and intricacy of sexually selected courtship displays command the attention of evolutionists, the longevity of these traits in deep time is poorly understood. Population-based theory suggests sexual selection could either lower or raise extinction risk, resulting in high or low persistence of lineages with sexually selected traits. Furthermore, empirical studies that directly estimate longevity of sexually selected traits are uncommon. Sexually selected signals - including bioluminescent courtship - originated multiple times during evolution, allowing empirical study of their longevity after careful phylogenetic and divergence time analyses. Here, we estimate the first transcriptome-based molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Cypridinidae. We report extreme longevity of bioluminescent courtship, a trait important in mate choice and probably under sexual selection. Our relaxed-clock estimates of divergence times coupled with stochastic character mapping show luminous courtship evolved only once in Cypridinidae in a Sub-Tribe we name Luxorina at least 151 Million Years Ago (Ma) from cypridinid ancestors that used bioluminescence only in anti-predator displays, defining a Tribe we name Luminini. This time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of cypridinids will serve as a foundation for integrative and comparative studies on the biochemistry, molecular evolution, courtship, diversification, and ecology of cypridinid bioluminescence. The persistence of luminous courtship for hundreds of millions of years indicates that rates of speciation within the group exceeded extinction risk, allowing for the persistence of a diverse clade of signalling species and that sexual selection did not cause rapid loss of associated traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ellis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodheart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensley, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reda, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrish, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome phylogenies support ancient evolutionary transitions in bioluminescence traits of cypridinid ostracods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BCN057, a Modulator of GSK3b Induces KRAS G12D Mutant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.03.458938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effective treatment for Pancreatic Cancer remains a major challenge due to its resistance to radiation/chemotherapy and poor drug permeability. Moreover, treatment induced normal tissue toxicity, mainly to the duodenum and gastrointestinal epithelium, is common and is a dose limiting event, while toxicity to the pancreas is relatively rare1-3. Gastrointestinal toxicity, however, often results in interruption, reduction or premature withdrawal of anti-cancer therapy which is a very significant factor impacting the overall survival of patients being treated. Therefore, development of a therapeutic strategy to selectively sensitize tumor tissue without inducing normal tissue toxicity is important. In this manuscript, we show that the novel small molecule BCN057 can modulate chemo-sensitivity of oncogenic RAS pancreatic cancer cells while conversely protecting normal intestinal epithelium from off target toxicity. In particular, BCN 057 protects Lgr5 positive intestinal stem cells, thereby preserving barrier function. Further, it is demonstrated that BCN057 inhibits GSK3{beta} and thereby induces a pro-apoptotic phosphorylation pattern on c-Jun in KRAS G12D mutant pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1) leading to the restoration of PTEN expression and consequent apoptosis. This appears to be a new mechanistic observation for the oncogenic RAS phenotype. Lastly, concurrent with its GSK3{beta} inhibition, BCN057 is a small molecule inhibitor of PD-1 expression on human T-lymphocytes co-cultured with human pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, BCN057 can promote synthetic lethality specifically to malignant cells and therefore should be considered to improve the therapeutic ratio in pancreatic and epithelial cancer treatment in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chugh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitelegge, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McBride, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.03.458938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BCN057, a Modulator of GSK3b Induces KRAS G12D Mutant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461079v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated de novo Gene Prediction and Peptide Assembly of Metagenomic Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461079v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomics is the study of all genomic content presented in given microbial communities. Metagenomic functional analysis aims to quantify protein families and reconstruct metabolic pathways from the metagenome. It plays a central role in understanding the interaction between the microbial community and its host or environment. De novo functional analysis, which allows the discovery of novel protein families, remains challenging for high-complexity communities. There are currently three main approaches for recovering novel genes or proteins: de novo nucleotide assembly, gene calling, and peptide assembly. Unfortunately, their informational connection and dependency have been overlooked, and each has been formulated as an independent problem. In this work, we develop a sophisticated workflow called integrated Metagenomic Protein Predictor (iMPP), which leverages the informational dependencies for better de novo functional analysis. iMPP contains three novel modules: a hybrid assembly graph generation module, a graph-based gene calling module, and a peptide assembly-based refinement module. iMPP significantly improved the existing gene calling sensitivity on unassembled fragmented reads, achieving a 92% - 97% recall rate at a high precision level (>90%). iMPP further allowed for more sensitive and accurate peptide assembly, recovering more reference proteins and delivering more hypothetical protein sequences. The high performance of iMPP can provide a more comprehensive and unbiased view of the microbial communities under investigation. iMPP is freely available from https://github.com/Sirisha-t/iMPP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thippabhotla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yooseph, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461079</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated de novo Gene Prediction and Peptide Assembly of Metagenomic Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With over 380,000 described species and possibly several million more yet unnamed, beetles represent the most biodiverse animal order. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived at considerably incongruent topologies and widely varying estimates of divergence dates for major beetle clades. Here we use a dataset of 68 single-copy nuclear protein coding genes sampling 129 out of the 194 recognized extant families as well as the first comprehensive set of fully-justified fossil calibrations to recover a refined timescale of beetle evolution. Using phylogenetic methods that counter the effects of compositional and rate heterogeneity we recover a topology congruent with morphological studies, which we use, combined with other recent phylogenomic studies, to propose several formal changes in the classification of Coleoptera: Scirtiformia and Scirtoidea sensu nov., Clambiformia ser. nov. and Clamboidea sensu nov., Rhinorhipiformia ser. nov., Byrrhoidea sensu nov., Dryopoidea stat. res., Nosodendriformia ser. nov., and Staphyliniformia sensu nov., alongside changes below the superfamily level. The heterogeneous former superfamily Cucujoidea is divided into three monophyletic groups: Erotyloidea stat. nov., Nitiduloidea stat. nov., and Cucujoidea sensu nov. Our divergence time analysis recovered an evolutionary timescale congruent with the fossil record: a late Carboniferous origin of Coleoptera, a late Paleozoic origin of all modern beetle suborders, and a Triassic-Jurassic origin of most extant families. While fundamental divergences within beetle phylogeny did not coincide with the hypothesis of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, many polyphagan superfamilies exhibited increases in richness with Cretaceous flowering plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tihelka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacomelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawrence, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slipinski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrata, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thayer, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newton, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leschen, R. A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimmel, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donoghue, P. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated phylogenomics and fossil data illuminate the evolution of beetles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic regulation and requirement for ribosomal RNA transcription duringmammalian development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.22.461379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) is a critical rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell survival. Despite its global function, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis cause tissue-specific birth defects called ribosomopathies, which frequently affect craniofacial development. Here, we describe a cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the susceptibility of craniofacial development to disruptions in Pol I transcription. We show that Pol I subunits are highly expressed in the neuroepithelium and neural crest cells (NCC), which generate most of the craniofacial skeleton. High expression of Pol I subunits sustains elevated rRNA transcription in NCC progenitors, which supports their high tissue-specific levels of protein translation, but also makes NCC particularly sensitive to rRNA synthesis defects. Consistent with this model, NCC-specific deletion of Pol I subunits Polr1a, Polr1c, and associated factor Tcof1 in mice cell-autonomously diminishes rRNA synthesis, which causes an imbalance between rRNA and ribosomal proteins. This leads to increased binding of ribosomal proteins Rpl5 and Rpl11 to Mdm2 and concomitantly diminished binding between Mdm2 and p53. Consequently, p53 protein accumulates, resulting in NCC apoptosis and craniofacial anomalies. Furthermore, compound mutations in Pol I subunits and associated factors specifically exacerbates the craniofacial anomalies characteristic of the ribosomopathies Treacher Collins Syndrome and Acrofacial Dysostosis-Cincinnati Type. Altogether, our novel results demonstrate a dynamic spatiotemporal requirement for rRNA transcription during mammalian cranial NCC development and corresponding tissue-specific threshold sensitivities to disruptions in rRNA transcription in the pathogenesis of congenital craniofacial disorders.

Significance statementRNA Polymerase I (Pol I) mediated rRNA transcription is required for protein synthesis in all tissues for normal growth and survival as well as for proper embryonic development. Interestingly, disruptions in Pol I mediated transcription perturb ribosome biogenesis and lead to tissue-specific birth defects, which commonly affect the head and face. Our novel results show that during mouse development, Pol I mediated rRNA transcription and protein translation is tissue-specifically elevated in neural crest cells, which give rise to bone, cartilage, and ganglia of the head and face. Using new mouse models, we further show that neural crest cells are highly sensitive to disruptions in Pol I and that when rRNA synthesis is genetically downregulated, it specifically results in craniofacial anomalies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Terrazas Falcon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achilleos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitriasari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sakai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuchiya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugarinovic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trainor, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.22.461379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic regulation and requirement for ribosomal RNA transcription duringmammalian development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipoproteome screening of the Lyme disease agent identifies novel inhibitors of antibody-mediated complement killing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spirochetal pathogens such as the causative agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, encode an abundance of lipoproteins; however, due in part to their evolutionary distance from more well-studied bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, very few spirochetal lipoproteins have assigned functions. Indeed, B. burgdorferi devotes almost 8% of its genome to lipoprotein genes and interacts with its environment primarily through the production of at least eighty surface-exposed lipoproteins throughout its tick vector-vertebrate host lifecycle (57). Several B. burgdorferi lipoproteins have been shown to serve diverse roles, such as cellular adherence or immune evasion, but the functions for most B. burgdorferi surface lipoproteins remain unknown. In this study, we developed a B. burgdorferi lipoproteome screening platform utilizing intact spirochetes that enables the identification of previously unrecognized host interactions. As spirochetal survival in the bloodstream is essential for dissemination, we targeted our screen to C1, the first component of the classical (antibody-mediated) complement pathway. We identified two high-affinity C1 interactions by the paralogous lipoproteins, ErpB and ErpQ. Using biochemical, microbiological, and biophysical approaches, we demonstrated that ErpB and ErpQ inhibit the activated forms of the C1 proteases, C1r and C1s, and represent a new mechanistic class of C1 inhibitors that protect the spirochete from antibody-mediated complement killing by allosteric regulation. In addition to identifying a novel mode of complement inhibition, our study establishes a lipoproteome screening methodology as a discovery platform for identifying direct host-pathogen interactions that are central to the pathogenesis of spirochetes, such as the Lyme disease agent.

Significance StatementSpirochetal pathogens encode an abundance of lipoproteins that can provide a critical interface with the host environment. For example, Borrelia burgdorferi, the model species for spirochetal biology, must survive an enzootic life cycle defined by fluctuations between vector (tick) and vertebrate host. While B. burgdorferi expresses over eighty surface lipoproteins-- many of which likely contribute to host survival--the B. burgdorferi lipoproteome is poorly characterized. Here, we generated a platform to rapidly identify targets of B. burgdorferi surface lipoproteins and identified two orthologs that allosterically inhibit complement C1 subcomponents, conferring resistance to classical complement killing. This work expands our understanding of complement evasion mechanisms and points towards a discovery approach for identifying host-pathogen interactions that are central to spirochete pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pereira, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrigues, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerlach, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinn, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowdell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osburne, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuckert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraiczy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.23.461563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipoproteome screening of the Lyme disease agent identifies novel inhibitors of antibody-mediated complement killing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transoceanic voyages of drywood termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) inferred from extant and extinct species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.24.461667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Termites are major decomposers of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems and the second most diverse lineage of social insects. The Kalotermitidae, the second-largest termite family, are widely distributed across tropical and subtropical ecosystems, where they typically live in small colonies confined to single wood items inhabited by individuals with no foraging abilities. How the Kalotermitidae have acquired their global distribution patterns remains unresolved. Similarly, it is unclear whether foraging is ancestral to Kalotermitidae or was secondarily acquired in a few species. These questions can be addressed in a phylogenetic framework. We inferred time-calibrated phylogenetic trees of Kalotermitidae using mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA genes of [~]120 species, about 27% of kalotermitid diversity, including representatives of 22 of the 23 kalotermitid genera. We found that extant kalotermitids shared a common ancestor 81 Mya (72-91 Mya 95% HPD), indicating that a few disjunctions among early-diverging kalotermitid lineages may predate Gondwana breakup. However, most of the [~]40 disjunctions among biogeographic realms were dated at less than 50 Mya, indicating that transoceanic dispersals, and more recently human-mediated dispersals, have been the major drivers of the global distribution of Kalotermitidae. Our phylogeny also revealed that the capacity to forage is often found in early-diverging kalotermitid lineages, implying that the ancestors of Kalotermitidae were able to forage among multiple wood pieces. Our phylogenetic estimates provide a platform for a critical taxonomic revision of the family and for future comparative analyses of Kalotermitidae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bucek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobotnik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sillam-Dusses, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mizumoto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stiblik, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clitheroe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Plaza, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohagan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafanomezantsoa, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roisin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheffrahn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourguignon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.24.461667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transoceanic voyages of drywood termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) inferred from extant and extinct species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein-protein interaction-Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (PPI-GaMD): Characterization of protein binding thermodynamics and kinetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.27.461974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play key roles in many fundamental biological processes such as cellular signaling and immune responses. However, it has proven challenging to simulate repetitive protein association and dissociation in order to calculate binding free energies and kinetics of PPIs, due to long biological timescales and complex protein dynamics. To address this challenge, we have developed a new computational approach to all-atom simulations of PPIs based on a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) technique. The method, termed "PPI-GaMD", selectively boosts interaction potential energy between protein partners to facilitate their slow dissociation. Meanwhile, another boost potential is applied to the remaining potential energy of the entire system to effectively model the proteins flexibility and rebinding. PPI-GaMD has been demonstrated on a model system of the ribonuclease barnase interactions with its inhibitor barstar. Six independent 2 s PPI-GaMD simulations have captured repetitive barstar dissociation and rebinding events, which enable calculations of the protein binding thermodynamics and kinetics simultaneously. The calculated binding free energies and kinetic rate constants agree well with the experimental data. Furthermore, PPI-GaMD simulations have provided mechanistic insights into barstar binding to barnase, which involve long-range electrostatic interactions and multiple binding pathways, being consistent with previous experimental and computational findings of this model system. In summary, PPI-GaMD provides a highly efficient and easy-to-use approach for binding free energy and kinetics calculations of PPIs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.461974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein-protein interaction-Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (PPI-GaMD): Characterization of protein binding thermodynamics and kinetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a model species for evolution and ecology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.28.462146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapid technological improvements are democratizing access to high quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies. No longer the domain of only the most highly studied model organisms, now non-traditional and emerging model species can be genome-enabled using a combination of sequencing technologies and assembly software. Consequently, old ideas built on sparse sampling across the tree of life have recently been amended in the face of genomic data drawn from a growing number of high-quality reference genomes. Arguably the most valuable are those long-studied species for which much is already known about their biology; what many term emerging model species. Here, we report a new, highly complete chromosome-scale genome assembly for the brown anole, Anolis sagrei - a lizard species widely studied across a variety of disciplines and for which a high-quality reference genome was long overdue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geneva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bock, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarigol, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tollis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donihue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reynolds, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feiner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasys, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauderdale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minchey, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcala, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Infante, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolbe, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schluter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menke, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Losos, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.28.462146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosome-scale genome assembly of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a model species for evolution and ecology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462934v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of the Topoisomerase IIα Chromatin Tether domain in Nucleosome Binding & Chromosome Segregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.03.462934v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to the intrinsic nature of DNA replication, replicated genomes retain catenated genomic loci that must be resolved to ensure faithful segregation of sister chromatids in mitosis. Type II DNA Topoisomerase (TopoII) decatenates the catenated genomic DNA through its unique Strand Passage Reaction (SPR). Loss of SPR activity results in anaphase chromosome bridges and formation of Polo-like Kinase Interacting Checkpoint Helicase (PICH)-coated ultra-fine DNA bridges (UFBs) whose timely resolution is required to prevent micronuclei formation. Vertebrates have two TopoII isoforms- TopoII and TopoII{beta}, that share a conserved catalytic core. However, the essential mitotic function of TopoII cannot be compensated by TopoII{beta}, due to differences in their catalytically inert C-terminal domains (CTDs). Using genome-edited human cells, we show that specific binding of TopoII to methylated histone, tri-methylated H3K27 (H3K27me3), via its Chromatin Tether (ChT) domain within the CTD contributes critically to avoid anaphase UFB formation. Reducing H3K27 methylation prior to mitosis increases UFBs, revealing a requirement for proper establishment of H3K27me3 after DNA replication to facilitate TopoII-ChT dependent UFB prevention. We propose that interaction of the TopoII-ChT with H3K27me3 is a key factor that ensures the complete resolution of catenated loci to permit faithful chromosome segregation in human cells.

Summary StatementGenomic catenations originating from the DNA replication process must be resolved by DNA Topoisomerase II (TopoII) to permit sister chromatid disjunction. The results show that specific recognition of methylated histone containing chromatin by TopoII is critical for complete resolution of the genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sundararajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito-Fujita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saitoh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaoutov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clarke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.03.462934</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of the Topoisomerase IIα Chromatin Tether domain in Nucleosome Binding & Chromosome Segregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of Liver Regeneration by hepatocyte O-GlcNAcylation in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liver has a unique capacity to regenerate after injury in a highly orchestrated and regulated manner. Here we report that O-GlcNAcylation, an intracellular post-translational modification (PTM) regulated by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), is a critical termination signal for liver regeneration (LR) following partial hepatectomy (PHX). We studied liver regeneration after PHX on hepatocyte specific OGT and OGA knockout mice (OGT-KO and OGA-KO), which caused a significant decrease (OGT-KO) and increase (OGA-KO) in hepatic O-GlcNAcylation, respectively. OGA-KO mice had normal regeneration, but the OGT-KO mice exhibited substantial defects in termination of liver regeneration with increased liver injury, sustained cell proliferation resulting in significant hepatomegaly, hepatic dysplasia and appearance of small nodules at 28 days after PHX. This was accompanied by a sustained increase in expression of cyclins along with significant induction in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression in the OGT-KO livers. RNA-Seq studies revealed inactivation of hepatocyte nuclear 4 alpha (HNF4), the master regulator of hepatic differentiation and a known termination signal, in OGT-KO mice at 28 days after PHX, which was confirmed by both Western blot and IHC analysis. Furthermore, a significant decrease in HNF target genes was observed in OGT-KO mice, indicating a lack of hepatocyte differentiation following decreased hepatic O-GlcNAcylation. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed HNF4 is O-GlcNAcylated in normal differentiated hepatocytes. These studies show that O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in the termination of LR via regulation of HNF4 in hepatocytes.

Layman summaryO-GlcNAcylation is a protein modification that plays a critical role in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and disease progression. These studies show that O-GlcNAcylation in hepatocytes is essential for proper liver regeneration. Without O-GlcNAcylation, hepatocytes keep on proliferating eventually forming liver tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGreal, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umbaugh, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkes, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abernathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeschke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanover, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachara, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of Liver Regeneration by hepatocyte O-GlcNAcylation in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Source-sink connectivity: a novel resting-state EEG marker of the epileptogenic zone 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.15.464594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 15 million epilepsy patients worldwide have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Successful surgery is a standard of care treatment for DRE but can only be achieved through complete resection or disconnection of the epileptogenic zone (EZ), the brain region(s) where seizures originate. Surgical success rates vary between 20-80% because no clinically validated biological markers of the EZ exist. Localizing the EZ is a costly and time-consuming process beginning with non-invasive neuroimaging and often followed by days to weeks of intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring. Clinicians visually inspect iEEG data to identify abnormal activity (e.g., low-voltage high frequency activity) on individual channels occurring immediately before seizures or spikes that occur on interictal iEEG (i.e., between seizures). In the end, the clinical standard mainly relies on a small proportion of the iEEG data captured to assist in EZ localization (minutes of seizure data versus days of recordings), missing opportunities to leverage these largely ignored interictal data to better diagnose and treat patients.

Intracranial EEG offers a unique opportunity to observe epileptic cortical network dynamics but waiting for seizures increases patient risks associated with invasive monitoring. In this study, we aim to leverage interictal iEEG data by developing a new network-based interictal iEEG marker of the EZ. We hypothesize that when a patient is not clinically seizing, it is because the EZ is inhibited by other regions. We developed an algorithm that identifies two groups of nodes from the interictal iEEG network: those that are continuously inhibiting a set of neighboring nodes ("sources") and the inhibited nodes themselves ("sinks"). Specifically, patient-specific dynamical network models (DNMs) were estimated from minutes of iEEG and their connectivity properties revealed top sources and sinks in the network, with each node being quantified by source-sink metrics (SSMs). We validated the SSMs in a retrospective analysis of 65 patients by using the SSMs of the annotated EZ to predict surgical outcomes. The SSMs predicted outcomes with an accuracy of 79% compared to an accuracy of 43% for clinicians predictions (surgical success rate of this dataset). In failed outcomes, we identified regions of the brain with high SSMs that were untreated. When compared to high frequency oscillations, the most commonly proposed interictal iEEG feature for EZ localization, SSMs outperformed in predictive power (by a factor of 1.2) suggesting SSMs may be an interictal iEEG fingerprint of the EZ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gunnarsdottir, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crone, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korzeniewska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cameron, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cajigas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inati, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaghloul, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wyckoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barot, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elarjani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bicchi, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarma, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.15.464594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Source-sink connectivity: a novel resting-state EEG marker of the epileptogenic zone]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans Isolates Exhibit Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Microbial Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans serves as a model system to study innate immunity against microbial pathogens. C. elegans have been collected from around the world, where they, presumably, adapted to regional microbial ecologies. Here we use survival assays and RNA- sequencing to better understand how two isolates from disparate climates respond to pathogenic bacteria. We found that, relative to N2 (originally isolated in Bristol, UK), CB4856 (isolated in Hawaii), was more susceptible to the Gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis, but equally susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus as well as two Gram-negative pathogens, Providencia rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We performed transcriptome analysis of infected worms and found gene- expression profiles were considerably different in an isolate-specific and pathogen-specific manner. We performed GO term analysis to categorize differential gene expression in response to S. epidermidis. In N2, genes that encoded detoxification enzymes and extracellular matrix proteins were significantly enriched, while in CB4856, genes that encoded detoxification enzymes, C-type lectins, and lipid metabolism proteins were enriched, suggesting they have different responses to these bacterial pathogens, despite being the same species. Overall, discerning gene expression signatures in an isolate by pathogen manner can help us to understand the different possibilities for the evolution of immune responses within organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lansdon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans Isolates Exhibit Distinct Gene Expression Profiles in Response to Microbial Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immortalization and Functional Screening of Natively Paired Human T Cell Receptor Repertoires 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.465057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional analyses of the T cell receptor (TCR) landscape can reveal critical information about protection from disease and molecular responses to vaccines. However, it has proven difficult to combine advanced next-generation sequencing technologies with methods to decode the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) specificity of individual TCRs. Here we developed a new high-throughput approach to enable repertoire-scale functional evaluations of natively paired TCRs. In particular, we leveraged the immortalized nature of physically linked TCR:{beta} amplicon libraries to analyze binding against multiple recombinant pMHCs on a repertoire scale. To exemplify the utility of this approach, we also performed affinity-based functional mapping in conjunction with quantitative next-generation sequencing to track antigen-specific TCRs. These data successfully validated a new immortalization and screening platform to facilitate detailed molecular analyses of human TCRs against diverse antigen targets associated with health, vaccination, or disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fahad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Acevedo, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Gonzalez, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matus-Nicodemos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laflin, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladi, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Llewellyn-Lacey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doueck, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balfour, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.465057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immortalization and Functional Screening of Natively Paired Human T Cell Receptor Repertoires]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465935v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Application of sequence semantic and integrated cellular geography approach to study biogenesis of exonic circular RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.26.465935v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundConcurrent existence of lncRNA and circular RNA at both nucleus and cytosol within a cell at different proportion is well reported. Secondly, information on genes transcribing both circular and lncRNAs along with total number of RBP binding sites for both of these RNA types is extractable from databases. This study showed how these apparently unconnected pieces of reports could be put together to build a model leading to biogenesis of circular RNA.

ResultsAs a result of this study, a model was built under the premises that, sequences with special semantics were molecular precursors in biogenesis of circular RNA which occurred through catalytic role of some specific RBPs. The model outcome was further strengthened by fulfillment of three logical lemmas which were extracted and assimilated in this work using a novel data analytic approach, Integrated Cellular Geography. Result of the study was found to be in well agreement with proposed model. Furthermore this study also indicated that biogenesis of circular RNA was a post-transcriptional event.

ConclusionsOverall, this study provides a novel systems biology based model under the paradigm of Integrated Cellular Geography which can assimilate independently performed experimental results and data published by global researchers on RNA biology to provide important information on biogenesis of exonic circular RNAs considering lncRNAs as precursor molecule.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lahiri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.26.465935</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Application of sequence semantic and integrated cellular geography approach to study biogenesis of exonic circular RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Structure and Functional Adaptations of the Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear Pore Complexes (NPCs) mediate the nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Here we provide a structure of the yeast NPC in which the inner ring is resolved by cryo-EM at - helical resolution to show how flexible connectors tie together different structural and functional layers in the spoke. These connectors are targets for phosphorylation and regulated disassembly in cells with an open mitosis. Moreover, some nucleoporin pairs and karyopherins have similar interaction motifs, which suggests an evolutionary and mechanistic link between assembly and transport. We also provide evidence for three major NPC variants that foreshadow functional specializations at the nuclear periphery. Cryo-electron tomography extended these studies to provide a comprehensive model of the in situ NPC with a radially-expanded inner ring. Our model reveals novel features of the central transporter and nuclear basket, suggests a role for the lumenal ring in restricting dilation and highlights the structural plasticity required for transport by the NPC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudelman, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varberg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltzberg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumbart, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaspersen, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menendez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludke, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Structure and Functional Adaptations of the Yeast Nuclear Pore Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DOCKGROUND Membrane Protein-Protein Set 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.04.467360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane proteins play essential role in cellular mechanisms. Despite that and the major progress in experimental structure determination, they are still significantly underrepresented in Protein Data Bank. Thus, computational approaches to protein structure determination, which are important in general, are especially valuable in the case of membrane proteins and protein-protein assemblies. Due to a number of reasons, not the least of which is much greater availability of structural data, the main focus of structure prediction techniques has been on soluble proteins. Structure prediction of protein-protein complexes is a well-developed field of study. However, because of the differences in physicochemical environment in the membranes and the spatial constraints of the membranes, the generic protein-protein docking approaches are not optimal for the membrane proteins. Thus, specialized computational methods for docking of the membrane proteins must be developed. Development and benchmarking of such methods requires high-quality datasets of membrane protein-protein complexes. In this study we present a new dataset of 456 non-redundant alpha helical binary complexes. The set is significantly larger and more representative than previously developed ones. In the future, this set will become the basis for the development of docking and scoring benchmarks, similar to the ones developed for soluble proteins in the DOCKGROUND resource http://dockground.compbio.ku.edu.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotthoff, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vakser, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.04.467360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DOCKGROUND Membrane Protein-Protein Set]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards a structurally resolved human protein interaction network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All cellular functions are governed by complex molecular machines that assemble through protein-protein interactions. Their atomic details are critical to the study of their molecular mechanisms but fewer than 5% of hundreds of thousands of human interactions have been structurally characterized. Here, we test the potential and limitations of recent progress in deep-learning methods using AlphaFold2 to predict structures for 65,484 human interactions. We show that higher confidence models are enriched in interactions supported by affinity or structure-based methods and can be orthogonally confirmed by spatial constraints defined by cross-link data. We identify 3,137 high confidence models, of which 1,371 have no homology to a known structure, from which we identify interface residues harbouring disease mutations, suggesting potential mechanisms for pathogenic variants. We find groups of interface phosphorylation sites that show patterns of co-regulation across conditions, suggestive of coordinated tuning of multiple interactions as signalling responses. Finally, we provide examples of how the predicted binary complexes can be used to build larger assemblies. Accurate prediction of protein complexes promises to greatly expand our understanding of the atomic details of human cell biology in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burke, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrio-Hernandez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albanese, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheltema, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruce, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leitner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards a structurally resolved human protein interaction network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.13.468474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating Increased CO2 concentration on the pH of various plant species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.13.468474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The concept of bioremediation is quickly becoming the norm in the resolution of environmental issues. The steady increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, as documented by NASA, inspired scientists to engineer plants to absorb excess CO2 from the atmosphere. Here, we have explored the consequences of the uptake of excess CO2 by select plants. Carbon dioxide dissolves in H2O to produce H2CO3, which dissociates to yield H+ ions. We hypothesized that increased CO2 absorption results in decrease in pH of plant sap. Three plants (Byophyllum pinnatum, Romaine Lettuce and Nevada Lettuce), exposed to increased CO2 concentrations (15%), demonstrated a consistent increase in pH towards alkalinity compared to control plants. Based on the outcome being opposite of what we have hypothesized, our results suggest Byophyllum pinnatum, Romaine lettuce and Nevada lettuce, all have a unique homeostatic system to prevent over-absorption of CO2 in a CO2-rich environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schafer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puga, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strasser, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branum, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbedanu, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.13.468474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating Increased CO2 concentration on the pH of various plant species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interleukin-6 Drives Key Pathologic Outcomes in Experimental Acetaminophen-induced Liver Failure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsIn severe cases of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, acute liver injury rapidly progresses to acute liver failure (ALF), producing life-threatening complications including, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and multi-organ failure (MOF). Systemic levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 are highest in ALF patients with the most severe complications and the poorest prognosis. The mechanistic basis for dysregulation of these cytokines, and their association with outcome in ALF, remain poorly defined.

MethodsTo investigate the impact of IL-6 and IL-10 in ALF, we used an experimental setting of failed liver repair after APAP overdose in which a high dose of APAP is administered (i.e., 500-600 mg/kg). Mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies to block IL-6 and IL-10.

ResultsIn mice with APAP-induced ALF, high levels of IL-10 reduced monocyte recruitment and trafficking in the liver resulting in impaired clearance of dead cell debris. Kupffer cells in these mice, displayed features of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, including high level expression of IL-10 and PD-L1, which were increased in an IL-6-dependent manner. Similar to ALF patients with HE, cerebral blood flow was reduced in mice with APAP-induced ALF. Remarkably, although IL-6 is hepatoprotective in mice treated with low doses of APAP (i.e., 300 mg/kg), IL-6 neutralization in mice with APAP-induced ALF fully restored cerebral blood flow and reduced mortality.

ConclusionCollectively, these studies demonstrate that exaggerated production of IL-6 in APAP-induced ALF triggers immune suppression (i.e., high levels of IL-10 and PD-L1), reduces cerebral blood flow (a feature of hepatic encephalopathy), disrupts liver repair (i.e., failed clearance of dead cells), and increases mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strickland, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Pons, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yen, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freeborn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhushan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rockwell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrance, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luyendyk, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copple, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interleukin-6 Drives Key Pathologic Outcomes in Experimental Acetaminophen-induced Liver Failure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct roles for two Caenorhabditis elegans acid-sensing ion channels in an ultradian clock 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.468673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological clocks are fundamental to an organisms health, controlling periodicity of behavior and metabolism. Here, we identify two acid-sensing ion channels, with very different proton sensing properties, and describe their role in an ultradian clock, the defecation motor program (DMP) of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. An ACD-5-containing channel, on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, is essential for maintenance of luminal acidity, and thus the rhythmic oscillations in lumen pH. In contrast, the second channel, composed of FLR-1, ACD-3 and/or DEL-5, located on the basolateral membrane, controls the intracellular Ca2+ wave and forms a core component of the master oscillator that controls timing and rhythmicity of the DMP. flr-1 and acd-3/del-5 mutants show severe developmental and metabolic defects. We thus directly link the proton-sensing properties of these channels to their physiological roles in pH regulation and Ca2+ signaling, the generation of an ultradian oscillator, and its metabolic consequences.

One-Sentence SummaryTwo acid-sensing DEG/ENaC channels play distinct roles in controlling different aspects of rhythmic proton and Ca2+ oscillations in the C. elegans intestine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaulich, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardege, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.15.468673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct roles for two Caenorhabditis elegans acid-sensing ion channels in an ultradian clock]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction and inhibition of Drosophila X chromosome gene expression are both impeded by the dosage compensation complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex chromosomes frequently differ from the autosomes in the frequencies of genes with sexually dimorphic or tissue-specific expression. Multiple hypotheses have been put forth to explain the unique gene content of the X chromosome, including selection against male-beneficial X-linked alleles, expression limits imposed by the haploid dosage of the X in males, and interference by the dosage compensation complex (DCC) on expression in males. Here, we investigate these hypotheses by examining differential gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster following several treatments that have widespread transcriptomic effects: bacterial infection, viral infection, and abiotic stress. We found that genes that are induced (up-regulated) by these biotic and abiotic treatments are frequently under-represented on the X chromosome, but so are those that are repressed (down-regulated) following treatment. We further show that whether a gene is bound by the DCC in males can largely explain the paucity of both up- and down-regulated genes on the X chromosome. Specifically, genes that are bound by the DCC, or close to a DCC high-affinity site, are unlikely to be up- or down-regulated after treatment. This relationship, however, could partially be explained by a correlation between differential expression and breadth of expression across tissues. Nonetheless, our results suggest that DCC binding, or the associated chromatin modifications, inhibit both up- and down-regulation of X chromosome gene expression within specific contexts. We propose multiple possible mechanisms of action for the effect, including a role of Males absent on the first (Mof), a component of the DCC, as a dampener of gene expression variance in both males and females. This effect could explain why the Drosophila X chromosome is depauperate in genes with tissue-specific or induced expression, while the mammalian X has an excess of genes with tissue-specific expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meisel, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asgari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlamp, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction and inhibition of Drosophila X chromosome gene expression are both impeded by the dosage compensation complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebrovascular response to exercise interacts with individual genotype and amyloid-beta deposition to influence response inhibition with aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.22.469615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The etiology of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimers disease (AD) and dementia is multifactorial. Yet, mechanistic interactions among key neurobiological factors linked to AD pathology are unclear. This study tested the effect of interactions between cerebrovascular function, individual genotype, and structural brain pathology on response inhibition performance, an early and sensitive indicator of cognitive executive dysfunction with aging.

We quantified cerebrovascular response (CVR) to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise using transcranial doppler ultrasound and global amyloid-beta (A{beta}) deposition using positron emission tomography in a group of cognitively normal older adults genotyped as APOE4 carriers and noncarriers. We quantified response inhibition during a cognitive Stroop test.

Individuals with blunted CVR possessed greater A{beta} deposition. There was CVR-by-carrier status-by-A{beta} interaction on response inhibition. Blunted CVR was associated with impaired response inhibition specifically in carriers. Despite having greater A{beta} deposition, carriers with higher CVR demonstrated better response inhibition.

Cerebrovascular interactions with individual genotype and structural brain pathology may provide a physiologically-informed target for precision-medicine approaches for early treatment and prevention of cognitive dysfunction with aging.

HighlightsO_LINeurobiological interactions between CVR, APOE genotype, and A{beta} are behaviorally significant.
C_LIO_LIBlunted CVR to exercise is associated with impaired response inhibition specifically in APOE4 carriers.
C_LIO_LIAPOE4 carriers with more robust CVR have higher response inhibition performance, despite having greater A{beta} deposition.
C_LIO_LIAssessment of multifactorial neurobiological variables offers an early and sensitive biomarker of cognitive behavioral dysfunction with aging.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidoni, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honea, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebrovascular response to exercise interacts with individual genotype and amyloid-beta deposition to influence response inhibition with aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.23.469727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
START domain mediates Arabidopsis GLABRA2 transcription factor dimerization and turnover independently of homeodomain DNA binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.23.469727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Class IV homeodomain leucine-zipper transcription factors (HD-Zip IV TFs) are key regulators of epidermal differentiation that are characterized by a DNA-binding homeodomain (HD) in conjunction with a lipid-binding domain termed START (Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR)-related lipid Transfer). Previous work established that the START domain of GLABRA2 (GL2), a HD-Zip IV member from Arabidopsis, is required for transcription factor activity. Here, we address the functions and possible interactions of START and the HD in DNA binding, dimerization, and protein turnover. Deletion analysis of the HD and missense mutations of a conserved lysine (K146) result in phenotypic defects in leaf trichomes, root hairs and seed mucilage, similar to those observed for START domain mutants, despite nuclear localization of the respective proteins. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that while HD mutations impair binding to target DNA, the START domain is dispensable for DNA binding. Vice versa, protein interaction assays reveal impaired GL2 dimerization for multiple alleles of START mutants, but not HD mutants. Using in vivo cycloheximide chase experiments, we provide evidence for the role of START, but not HD, in maintaining protein stability. This work advances our mechanistic understanding of HD-Zip TFs as multidomain regulators of epidermal development in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subedi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khosla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warner, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerma-Reyes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrick, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.23.469727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[START domain mediates Arabidopsis GLABRA2 transcription factor dimerization and turnover independently of homeodomain DNA binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Processing of oxidatively damaged DNA dirty ends by APE1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.470279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive oxygen species attack the structure of DNA, thus altering its base-pairing properties. Consequently, oxidative stress-associated DNA lesions are a major source of the mutation load that gives rise to cancer and other diseases. Base excision repair (BER) is the pathway primarily tasked with repairing DNA base damage, with apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) having both AP-endonuclease and 3 to 5 exonuclease (exo) DNA cleavage functions. The lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) can enter the genome as either a product of direct damage to the DNA, or through polymerase insertion at the 3-end of a DNA strand during replication or repair. Importantly, 3-8-oxoG impairs the ligation step of BER and therefore must be removed by the exo activity of a surrogate enzyme to prevent double stranded breaks and cell death. In the present study, we characterize the exo activity of APE1 on 3-8-oxoG substrates. These structures demonstrate that APE1 uses a unified mechanism for its exo activities that differs from its more canonical AP-endonuclease activity. In addition, through complementation of the structural data with enzyme kinetics and binding studies employing both wild-type and rationally designed APE1 mutants, we were able to identify and characterize unique protein:DNA contacts that specifically mediate 8-oxoG removal by APE1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whitaker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stark, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.470279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Processing of oxidatively damaged DNA dirty ends by APE1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ESR2 regulates indian hedgehog signaling in neonatal rat ovary 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transcriptional regulatory function of estrogen receptor {beta} (ESR2) is essential for the regulation of primordial follicle activation (PFA). Increased PFA due to the loss of ESR2 becomes evident as early as postnatal day 8 (PND8). To identify the ESR2-regulated genes that control PFA, we performed RNA-seq analyses of wildtype, and Esr2 knockout (Esr2KO) neonatal rat ovaries collected on PND4, PND6, and PND8. Among the differentially expressed genes in Esr2KO ovaries, indian hedgehog (Ihh) displayed the highest downregulation among the ovary enriched genes. IHH regulated genes including Hhip as well as the steroidogenic enzymes were also downregulated in Esr2KO rat ovaries. Remarkably, the expression of Ihh in Esr2KO ovaries was not upregulated despite the high levels of Gdf9 and Bmp15, which are known regulators of Ihh expression in granulosa cells. Our findings suggest that indian hedgehog signaling in the neonatal rat ovary is dependent on ESR2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dilower, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarthi, V. R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borosha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masumi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ESR2 regulates indian hedgehog signaling in neonatal rat ovary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism of nucleotide discrimination by the translesion synthesis polymerase Rev1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.01.470840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rev1 is a translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerase involved in the bypass of adducted-guanine bases and abasic sites during DNA replication. During damage bypass, Rev1 utilizes a protein-template mechanism of DNA synthesis, where the templating DNA base is evicted from the Rev1 active site and replaced by an arginine side chain that preferentially binds incoming dCTP. Here, we utilize X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain structural insight into the dCTP specificity of Rev1. We show the Rev1 R324 protein-template forms sub-optimal hydrogen bonds with incoming dTTP, dGTP, and dATP that prevents Rev1 from adopting a catalytically competent conformation. Additionally, we show the Rev1 R324 protein-template forms optimal hydrogen bonds with incoming rCTP. However, the incoming rCTP adopts an altered sugar pucker, which prevents the formation of a catalytically competent Rev1 active site. This work provides novel insight into the mechanisms for nucleotide discrimination by the TLS polymerase Rev1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Click, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoang, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism of nucleotide discrimination by the translesion synthesis polymerase Rev1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Historical biogeography of early diverging termite lineages (Isoptera: Teletisoptera) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Termites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites (crown-Isoptera) occurred during the earliest Cretaceous, approximately 140 million years ago, suggesting that both vicariance through continental drift and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termite lineages. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families - Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, and Archotermopsidae - using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirmed the monophyly of Stolotermitidae + Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera), with Stolotermitidae diverging from a monophyletic Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100.3 Ma (94.3-110.4 Ma, 95% HPD), and with Archotermopsidae paraphyletic to a monophyletic Hodotermitidae. The Oriental Archotermopsis and the Nearctic Zootermopsis diverged 50.8 Ma (40.7-61.4 Ma, 95% HPD) before land connections between the Palearctic region and North America ceased to exist. The African Hodotermes + Microhodotermes diverged from Anacanthotermes, a genus found in Africa and Asia, 32.1 Ma (24.8-39.9 Ma, 95% HPD), and the most recent common ancestor of Anacanthotermes lived 10.7 Ma (7.3-14.3 Ma, 95% HPD), suggesting that Anacanthotermes dispersed to Asia using the land bridge connecting Africa and Eurasia [~]18-20 Ma. In contrast, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes and Stolotermes lived 20.2 Ma (15.7-25.1 Ma, 95% HPD) and 26.6 Ma (18.3-35.6 Ma, 95% HPD), respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa, and Australia involved over-water dispersals. Our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over-water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis and Zootermopsis, and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hellemans, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobotnik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bucek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sillam-Dusses, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clitheroe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roisin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>bourguignon, t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.471008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Historical biogeography of early diverging termite lineages (Isoptera: Teletisoptera)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraspecific variation in migration timing of green sturgeon in the Sacramento River system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.03.471146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUnderstanding movement patterns of anadromous fishes is critical to conservation management of declining wild populations and preservation of habitats. Yet, infrequent observations of individual animals fundamentally constrain accurate descriptions of movement dynamics.

MethodsIn this study, we synthesized over a decade (2006-2018) of acoustic telemetry tracking observations of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in the Sacramento River system to describe major anadromous movement patterns.

ResultsWe observed that green sturgeon exhibited a unimodal in-migration during the spring months but had a bimodal distribution of out-migration timing, split between an  early out-migration (32%) group during May - June, or alternatively, holding in the river until a  late out-migration (68%), November - January. Focusing on these out-migration groups, we found that river discharge, but not water temperature, may cue the timing of migration, and that fish showed a tendency to maintain out-migration timing between subsequent spawning migration events.

ConclusionsWe recommend that life history descriptions of green sturgeon in this region reflect the distinct out-migration periods described here. Furthermore, we encourage the continued use of biotelemetry to describe migration timing and life history variation, not only this population but other green sturgeon populations and other species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colborne, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rypel, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.03.471146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraspecific variation in migration timing of green sturgeon in the Sacramento River system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.472041v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle-dependent recruitment of FtsN to the divisome in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.472041v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell division in Escherichia coli starts with the formation of an FtsZ protofilament network in the middle of the cell, the Z ring. However, only after a considerable lag period do the cells start to form a midcell constriction. The basis of this cell cycle checkpoint is yet unclear. The onset of constriction is dependent upon the arrival of so-called late divisome proteins, among which, FtsN is the last arriving essential one. The timing and dependency of FtsN arrival to the divisome, along with genetic evidence, suggests it triggers cell division. In this study, we used high throughput fluorescence microscopy to quantitatively determine the arrival of FtsN and the early divisome protein ZapA to midcell at a single-cell level during the cell cycle. Our data show that recruitment of FtsN coincides with the initiation of constriction within experimental uncertainties and that the relative fraction of ZapA/FtsZ reaches its highest value at this event. We also find that FtsN is recruited to midcell in two distinct temporal stages with septal peptidoglycan synthesis starting in the first stage and accelerating in the second stage, during which the amount of ZapA/FtsZ in the midcell decreases. In the presence of FtsA*, recruitment of FtsN becomes concurrent with the formation of the Z-ring, but constriction is still delayed indicating FtsN recruitment is not rate limiting, at least under these conditions. Finally, our data support the recently proposed idea that ZapA/FtsZ and FtsN are part of physically separate complexes in midcell throughout the whole septation process.

ImportanceIn E. coli, FtsN has been considered a trigger for septal wall synthesis and the onset of constriction. While FtsN is critical for cell division, its recruitment kinetics to midcell has not been characterized. Using quantitative high throughput microscopy, we find that FtsN is recruited to midcell in two temporal stages. The septal cell wall synthesis starts at the first stage and accelerates in the second stage. In the presence of an FtsA mutant defective in self-interaction, recruitment of FtsN to midcell is enhanced, but constriction is still delayed. Our results shed new light on an essential but not rate-limiting role of FtsN in E. coli cell division and also support the view that ZapA/FtsZ and FtsN are part of physically separate complexes in midcell throughout the division process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mannik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannik, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.472041</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle-dependent recruitment of FtsN to the divisome in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA binding protein RBM3 augments kissing loop formation with lncRNAs to enhance translational control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.14.472669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is becoming apparent that translational regulation involves the coordinated actions of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs. For efficient translation, mRNA needs to be circularized, which is catalyzed by RNA binding proteins and translation factors. However, the role of lncRNAs in the process is not yet defined. We first performed RNA-seq and RNA- immunoprecipitation coupled-Seq and identified LSAMP-3 and Flii-1. Moreover, modeling studies suggest enhanced kissing loop interactions including of transcripts that encode angiogenesis and epithelial mesenchymal transition. While intestinal epithelial cell specific RBM3 transgenic mice showed increased LSAMP-3 and Flii-1, this was reduced in knockout mice. Also, RBM3 overexpression increased tumor xenograft growth, this was suppressed by knockdown of the lncRNAs. Also, knockdown of endogenous RBM3 reduced lncRNA levels and tumor xenograft growth. In addition, it reduced colitis-associated cancers. We propose that RBPs such as RBM3 mediate their function through regulatory lncRNAs that enable circularization to control translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sayed, A. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponnurangam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandawate, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tawfik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padhye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwakuma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA binding protein RBM3 augments kissing loop formation with lncRNAs to enhance translational control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase SKD3/CLPB forms Nucleotide-Stabilized Dodecamers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.16.472980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SKD3, also known as human CLPB, belongs to the AAA+ family of ATPases associated with various activities. Mutations in the SKD3/CLPB gene cause 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type VII and congenital neutropenia. SKD3 is upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia, where it contributes to anti-cancer drug resistance. SKD3 resides in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it forms ATP-dependent high-molecular weight complexes, but its biological function and mechanistic links to the clinical phenotypes are currently unknown. Using sedimentation equilibrium and dynamic light scattering, we show that SKD3 is monomeric at low protein concentration in the absence of nucleotides, but it forms oligomers at higher protein concentration or in the presence of adenine nucleotides. The apparent molecular weight of the nucleotide-bound SKD3 is consistent with self-association of 12 monomers. Image-class analysis and averaging from negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) of SKD3 in the ATP-bound state visualized cylinder-shaped particles with an open central channel along the cylinder axis. The dimensions of the EM-visualized particle suggest that the SKD3 dodecamer is formed by association of two hexameric rings. While hexameric structure has been often observed among AAA+ ATPases, a double-hexamer sandwich found for SKD3 appears uncommon within this protein family. A functional significance of the non-canonical structure of SKD3 remains to be determined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Spaulding, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thevarajan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrag, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zubcevic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolkiewska, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolkiewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.16.472980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase SKD3/CLPB forms Nucleotide-Stabilized Dodecamers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overlapping stimulons arising in response to divergent stresses in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular responses to stress can cause a similar change in some facets of fitness even if the stresses are different. Lactose as a sole carbon source for Escherichia coli is an established example: too little causes starvation while excessive lactose import causes toxicity as a side-effect. In an E. coli strain that is robust to osmotic and ionic differences in growth media, B REL606, the rate of antibiotic-tolerant persister formation is elevated in both starvation-inducing and toxicity-inducing concentrations of lactose in comparison to less stressful intermediate concentrations. Such similarities between starvation and toxification raise the question of how much the global stress response stimulon differs between them. We hypothesized that a common stress response is conserved between the two conditions, but that a previously shown threshold driving growth rate heterogeneity in a lactose-toxifying medium would reveal that the growing fraction of cells in that medium to be missing key stress responses that curb growth. To test this, we performed RNA-seq in three representative conditions for differential expression analysis. In comparison to nominally unstressed cultures, both stress conditions showed global shifts in gene expression, with informative similarities and differences. Functional analysis of pathways, gene ontology terms, and clusters of orthogonal groups revealed signatures of overflow metabolism, membrane component shifts, and altered cytosolic and periplasmic contents in toxified cultures. Starving cultures showed an increased tendency toward stringent response-like regulatory signatures. Along with other emerging evidence, our results show multiple possible pathways to stress responses, persistence, and possibly other phenotypes. These results suggest a set of overlapping responses that drives emergence of stress-tolerant phenotypes in diverse conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElfresh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijesuriya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, J. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.17.473201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overlapping stimulons arising in response to divergent stresses in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.472248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variant-to-gene-mapping followed by cross-species genetic screening identifies GPI-anchor biosynthesis as novel regulator of sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.472248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep is nearly ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, with deficiencies in sleep having been linked to a wide range of human disorders and diseases. While genome wide association studies (GWAS) in humans have identified loci robustly associated with several heritable diseases or traits, little is known about the functional roles of the underlying causal variants in regulating sleep duration or quality. We applied an ATAC-seq/promoter focused Capture C strategy in human iPSC-derived neural progenitors to carry out a  variant-to-gene mapping campaign that identified 88 candidate sleep effector genes connected to relevant GWAS signals. To functionally validate the role of the implicated effector genes in sleep regulation, we performed a neuron-specific RNAi screen in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. This approach identified a number of genes that regulated sleep, including phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit Q (PIG-Q), a gene that encodes an enzyme involved in the first step of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)- anchor biosynthesis. We show that flies deficient for PIG-Q have longer sleep during both day and night due to an increase in the total number of sleep bouts. Subsequent systematic investigation of other PIG-family genes identified increased sleep in flies for multiple different genes within the PIG pathway. We then mutated the PIG-Q locus in zebrafish and identified similar increases in sleep to those observed in Drosophila, confirming deep homology of PIG-Q mediated sleep regulation. These results provide the first physical variant-to-gene mapping of human sleep genes followed by a model organism-based prioritization, revealing a novel and conserved role for GPI-anchor biosynthesis in sleep regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palermo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasconi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pippin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doldur-Balli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzotti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pack, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehrman, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.472248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variant-to-gene-mapping followed by cross-species genetic screening identifies GPI-anchor biosynthesis as novel regulator of sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged into humans in 2012, causing highly lethal respiratory disease. The severity of disease may be in part because MERS-CoV is adept at antagonizing early innate immune pathways - interferon (IFN) production and signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) - generated in response to viral double-stranded (ds)RNA generated during genome replication. This is in contrast to SARS-CoV-2, which we recently reported activates PKR and RNase L and to some extent, IFN signaling. We previously found that MERS-CoV accessory proteins NS4a (dsRNA binding protein) and NS4b (phosphodiesterase) could weakly suppress these pathways, but ablation of each had minimal effect on virus replication. Here we investigated the antagonist effects of the conserved coronavirus endoribonuclease (EndoU), in combination with NS4a or NS4b. Inactivation of EndoU catalytic activity alone in a recombinant MERS-CoV caused little if any effect on activation of the innate immune pathways during infection. However, infection with recombinant viruses containing combined mutations with inactivation of EndoU and deletion of NS4a or inactivation of the NS4b phosphodiesterase promoted robust activation of the dsRNA-induced innate immune pathways. This resulted in ten-fold attenuation of replication in human lung derived A549 and primary nasal cells. Furthermore, replication of these recombinant viruses could be rescued to the level of WT MERS-CoV by knockout of host immune mediators MAVS, PKR, or RNase L. Thus, EndoU and accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b together suppress dsRNA-induced innate immunity during MERS-CoV infection in order to optimize viral replication.

ImportanceMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes highly lethal respiratory disease. MERS-CoV encodes several innate immune antagonists, accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b unique to the merbeco lineage and the nsp15 protein endoribonuclease (EndoU), conserved among all coronaviruses. While mutation of each antagonist protein alone has little effect on innate immunity, infections with recombinant MERS-CoVs with mutations of EndoU in combination with either NS4a or NS4b, activate innate signaling pathways and are attenuated for replication. Our data indicate that EndoU and accessory proteins NS4a and NS4b together suppress innate immunity during MERS-CoV infection, to optimize viral replication. This is in contrast to SARS-CoV-2 which activates these pathways and consistent with greater mortality observed during MERS-CoV infection compared to SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Comar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MERS-CoV endoribonuclease and accessory proteins jointly evade host innate immunity during infection of lung and nasal epithelial cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular probes of spike ectodomain and its subdomains for SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha through Omicron 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, widespread infections have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to evolve in human, leading to the emergence of multiple circulating variants. Some of these variants show increased resistance to vaccines, convalescent plasma, or monoclonal antibodies. In particular, mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike have drawn attention. To facilitate the isolation of neutralizing antibodies and the monitoring the vaccine effectiveness against these variants, we designed and produced biotin-labeled molecular probes of variant SARS-CoV-2 spikes and their subdomains, using a structure-based construct design that incorporated an N-terminal purification tag, a specific amino acid sequence for protease cleavage, the variant spike-based region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. These probes could be produced by a single step using in-process biotinylation and purification. We characterized the physical properties and antigenicity of these probes, comprising the N-terminal domain (NTD), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the RBD and subdomain 1 (RBD-SD1), and the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain (S2P) with sequences from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern or of interest, including variants Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Kappa, Delta, Lambda, Mu, and Omicron. We functionally validated probes by using yeast expressing a panel of nine SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies and confirmed sorting capabilities of variant probes using yeast displaying libraries of plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent donors. We deposited these constructs to Addgene to enable their dissemination. Overall, this study describes a matrix of SARS-CoV-2 variant molecular probes that allow for assessment of immune responses, identification of serum antibody specificity, and isolation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teng, I.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nazzari, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira de Souza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrova, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsybovsky, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artamonov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Acevedo, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruckwardt, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascola, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Misasi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.29.474491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular probes of spike ectodomain and its subdomains for SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha through Omicron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.474982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Potent protease inhibitors of deadly lagoviruses: rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and European brown hare syndrome virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.474982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) and European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) are highly contagious diseases caused by lagoviruses in the Caliciviridae family and mainly affect rabbits and hares, respectively. These infectious diseases are associated with high mortality and a serious threat to domesticated and wild rabbits and hares, including endangered species such as Riparian brush rabbits. In the US, only isolated cases of RHD had been reported until Spring 2020. However, RHD caused by RHD type 2 virus (RHDV2) was unexpectedly reported in April 2020 in New Mexico and has subsequently spread to several US states infecting wild rabbits and hares, making it highly likely that RHD will become endemic in the US. Vaccines are available for RHD, however, there is no specific treatment for these diseases. RHDV and EBHSV encode a 3C-like protease (3CLpro), which is essential for virus replication and a promising target for antiviral drug development. We have previously generated focused small molecule libraries of 3CLpro inhibitors and demonstrated the in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy of some protease inhibitors against viruses that encode 3CLpro including caliciviruses and coronaviruses. Here we established the enzyme and cell-based assays for these uncultivable viruses to determine the in vitro activity of 3CLpro inhibitors, including GC376, a protease inhibitor being developed for feline infectious peritonitis, and identified potent inhibitors of RHDV1 and 2 and EBHSV. In addition, structure-activity relationship study and homology modelling of the 3CLpros and inhibitors revealed that lagoviruses share similar structural requirements for 3CLpro inhibition with other caliciviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perera, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groutas, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.474982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Potent protease inhibitors of deadly lagoviruses: rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and European brown hare syndrome virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
40 new specimens of Ichthyornis provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.475364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ichthyornis has long been recognized as a pivotally important fossil taxon for understanding the latest stages of the dinosaur-bird transition, but little significant new postcranial material has been brought to light since initial descriptions of partial skeletons in the 19th Century. Here, we present new information on the postcranial morphology of Ichthyornis from 40 previously undescribed specimens, providing the most detailed morphological assessment of Ichthyornis to date. The new material includes four partially complete skeletons and numerous well-preserved isolated elements, enabling new anatomical observations such as muscle attachments previously undescribed for Mesozoic euornitheans. Among the elements that were previously unknown or poorly represented for Ichthyornis, the new specimens include an almost-complete axial series, a hypocleideum-bearing furcula, radial carpal bones, fibulae, a complete tarsometatarsus bearing a rudimentary hypotarsus, and one of the first-known nearly complete three-dimensional sterna from a Mesozoic avialan. Several pedal phalanges are preserved, revealing a remarkably enlarged pes presumably related to foot-propelled swimming. Although diagnosable as Ichthyornis, the new specimens exhibit a substantial degree of morphological variation, some of which may relate to ontogenetic changes. Phylogenetic analyses incorporating our new data and employing alternative morphological datasets recover Ichthyornis stemward of Hesperornithes and Iaceornis, in line with some recent hypotheses regarding the topology of the crownward-most portion of the avian stem group, and we establish phylogenetically-defined clade names for relevant avialan subclades to help facilitate consistent discourse in future work. The new information provided by these specimens improves our understanding of morphological evolution among the crownward-most non-neornithine avialans immediately preceding the origin of crown group birds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benito, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhullar, B.-A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.11.475364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[40 new specimens of Ichthyornis provide unprecedented insight into the postcranial morphology of crownward stem group birds.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteasome granular localization is regulated through mitochondrial respiration and kinase signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In yeast, proteasomes are enriched in cell nuclei where they execute important cellular functions. Nutrient-stress can change this localization indicating proteasomes respond to the cells metabolic state. However, the signals that connect these processes remain poorly understood. Carbon starvation triggers a reversible translocation of proteasomes to cytosolic condensates known as proteasome storage granules (PSGs). Surprisingly, we observed strongly reduced PSG levels when cells had active cellular respiration prior to starvation. This suggests the mitochondrial activity of cells is a determining factor in the response of proteasomes to carbon starvation. Consistent with this, upon inhibition of mitochondrial function we observed proteasomes relocalize to granules. These links between proteasomes and metabolism involve specific signaling pathways, as we identified a MAP kinase cascade that is critical to the formation of proteasome granules after respiratory growth but not following glycolytic growth. Furthermore, the yeast homolog of AMP kinase, Snf1, is important for proteasome granule formation induced by mitochondrial inhibitors, while dispensable for granule formation following carbon starvation. We propose a model where mitochondrial activity promotes proteasome nuclear localization.

SummaryWe determined a role for mitochondrial respiration in regulating proteasome granule formation and identified the cell integrity MAP kinase pathway and Snf1 kinase as regulatory factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waite, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.13.476202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteasome granular localization is regulated through mitochondrial respiration and kinase signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGF????-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.19.476976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGF{beta}-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGF{beta}-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. To delineate HuR-dependent mechanisms, we used photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to identify eleven mRNA transcripts that showed enriched HuR binding following TGF{beta} treatment as well as significant co-expression correlation with HuR, SMA, and periostin using single-cell RNA-sequencing from ischemic-zone isolated fibroblasts. Of these, Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (Wisp1; Ccn4), was the most significantly associated with HuR expression in fibroblasts. Accordingly, we found Wisp1 expression to be increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion, and confirmed Wisp1 expression to be HuR-dependent in isolated fibroblasts. Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 is able to partially rescue myofibroblast contractile function following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGF{beta}. In conclusion, HuR activity is necessary for the functional activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGF{beta}, in part through post-transcriptional regulation of Wisp1.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIThe RNA binding protein HuR is highly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and its expression strongly correlates with markers of active myofibroblasts
C_LIO_LIHuR inhibition reduces migration, contraction, and ECM production activity of cardiac fibroblasts
C_LIO_LIExpression of the secreted matricellular protein, Wisp1, is increased in a HuR-dependent manner following TGF{beta} treatment
C_LIO_LIRecombinant Wisp1 rescues myofibroblast contractile function following HuR inhibition
C_LIO_LIHuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for myofibroblast activation
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Green, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanisicak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.19.476976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGF????-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential of Crassula ovata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of Crassula ovata (C. ovata) against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. About 1-3g samples of C. Ovata leaf samples were extracted with 95 % ethanol and the extract infused into paper discs by soaking and drying. The dried discs were screened against various strains of bacteria and the antimicrobial effects of the infused agents determined by measuring zones of inhibition due to the agents infused into the discs. By the zones of inhibition, C. ovata showed antimicrobial activity against the following gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (14 mm mean zone of clearing), P. vulgaris (13 mm mean zone of clearing), E. cloacae (16 mm mean zone of clearing), and K. pneumoniae (13 mm mean zone of clearing). C. ovata showed antimicrobial activity against the following gram-positive bacteria: S. aureus (22 mm mean zone of clearing) and S. agalactiae (8 mm mean zone of clearing). C. ovata did not show antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes. By its antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, C. ovata displayed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, S. agalactiae, P. vulgaris, E. cloacae, and K. pneumoniae. C. ovata may have the potential to serve as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial in the future. Further testing should be done to investigate the toxicities and side effects of C. ovata. Further testing must also be done with C. ovata against drug-resistant strains of bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agbedanu, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puga, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schafer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buffalo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.20.477177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Potential of Crassula ovata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic rearrangements of mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the excessive genome plasticity, Acinetobacter baumannii has the capability to acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes that are often associated with mobile genetic elements (MGE). Analyzing the genetic environment of resistance genes often provides valuable information on the origin, emergence, evolution and spread of resistance. Thus, we characterized the genomic features of some clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii to understand the role of diverse MGE and their genetic context that are responsible for the dissemination of carbapenem resistance genes. For this, a total of 17 clinical isolates of A. baumannii obtained from multiple hospitals in India between the years 2018 and 2019 were analysed. Antimicrobial resistance determinants, genetic context of resistance genes and molecular epidemiology were studied using whole genome sequencing. A high prevalence of blaOXA-23 was observed followed by the presence of dual carbapenemase, blaOXA-23 and blaNDM. Three novel Oxford sequence types were identified. Majority of the isolates belonged to dominant clone, IC2 followed by less prevalent clones such as IC7 and IC8. Complex diverse AbaR4 like and AbGRI-like islands belonging to IC2 lineage were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive profiling of resistance islands along with the MGE, acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and the distribution of clonal lineages of carbapenem resistant A. baumannii from India.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vijayakumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacob, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasudevan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neeravi, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baskaran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirubananthan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anandan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeraraghavan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic rearrangements of mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding the Separation of Timescales in Rhodococcus erythropolis Proteasome Core Particle Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.04.479176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 20S proteasome Core Particle (CP) is a molecular machine that is a key component of cellular protein degradation pathways. Like other molecular machines, it is not synthesized in an active form, but rather as a set of subunits that assemble into a functional complex. The CP is conserved across all domains of life and is composed of 28 subunits, 14  and 14 {beta}, arranged in four stacked 7-member rings (7{beta}7{beta}77). While details of CP assembly vary across species, the final step in the assembly process is universally conserved: two half proteasomes (HP: 7{beta}7) dimerize to form the CP. In the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis, experiments have shown that the formation of the HP is completed within minutes, while the dimerization process takes hours. The N-terminal propeptide of the {beta} subunit, which is autocatalytically cleaved off after CP formation, plays a key role in regulating this separation of time scales. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of how the propeptide achieves this regulation is unclear. In this work, we used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize HP conformations and found that the HP exists in two states: one where the propeptide interacts with key residues in the HP dimerization interface and likely blocks dimerization, and one where this interface is free. We found that a propeptide mutant that dimerizes extremely slowly is essentially always in the non-dimerizable state, while the WT rapidly transitions between the two. Based on these simulations, we designed a propeptide mutant that favored the dimerizable state in MD simulations. In vitro assembly experiments confirmed that this mutant dimerizes significantly faster than WT. Our work thus provides unprecedented insight into how this critical step in CP assembly is regulated, with implications both for efforts to inhibit proteasome assembly and for the evolution of hierarchical assembly pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Itagi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kante, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagunes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.04.479176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding the Separation of Timescales in Rhodococcus erythropolis Proteasome Core Particle Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hoisted with his own petard: how sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila affinis creates resistance alleles that limit its spread 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.14.480432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers are selfish genetic elements that tinker with gametogenesis to bias their own transmission into the next generation of offspring. Such tinkering can have significant consequences on gametogenesis and end up hampering the spread of the driver. In Drosophila affinis, sex-ratio meiotic drive is caused by an X-linked complex that, when in males with a susceptible Y chromosome, results in broods that are typically more than 95% female. Interestingly, D. affinis males lacking a Y chromosome (XO) are fertile and males with the meiotic drive X and no Y produce only sons - effectively reversing the sex-ratio effect. Here, we show that meiotic drive dramatically increases the rate of nondisjunction of the Y chromosome (at least 750X), meaning that the driver is creating resistant alleles through the process of driving. We then model how the O might influence the spread, dynamics and equilibrium of the sex-ratio X chromosome. We find that the O can prevent the spread or reduce the equilibrium frequency of the sex-ratio X chromosome and it can even lead to oscillations in frequency. Finally, with reasonable parameters, the O is unlikely to lead to the loss of the Y chromosome, but we discuss how it might lead to sex-chromosome turnover indirectly.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patch, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knoles, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoaib, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.14.480432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hoisted with his own petard: how sex-ratio meiotic drive in Drosophila affinis creates resistance alleles that limit its spread]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated epigenome and transcriptome analysis of normal and arrested meiotic initiation during mouse spermatogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.18.481086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from mitotic to meiotic cell cycles is a transcriptional event that entails the activation of genes important for meiosis and requires germline-specific retinoic acid (RA) signaling target, Stra8. To identify novel transcription factors underlying mammalian meiotic initiation, we conducted integrative snATAC-seq and scRNA-seq analysis using wild-type and Stra8-deficient mouse testicular cells to map the chromatin accessibility and gene expression landscapes of normal and genetically arrested meiotic initiation. Our results identified a cluster of putative inhibitory transcription factors for meiotic initiation, which we consider "meiotic inhibitors". STRA8 binds to the regulatory sequences of these meiotic inhibitors and represses their expression upon meiotic initiation. In Stra8-deficient cells that suffer meiotic initiation arrest, the chromatin accessibility of these meiotic inhibitors is increased, concurrent with their uncontrolled and sustained expression. Among these meiotic inhibitors include KLF4, MAX, and MAZ. Importantly, by analyzing the single cell transcriptomes of human testes, our data show that these putative meiotic inhibitor genes are upregulated in early germ cells from patients with spermatogenic failure. Our study suggests that proper repression of meiotic inhibitors is essential for both mouse and human spermatogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.18.481086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated epigenome and transcriptome analysis of normal and arrested meiotic initiation during mouse spermatogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.479396v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.23.479396v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), among the most common human genetic conditions and a frequent etiology of kidney failure, is primarily caused by heterozygous PKD1 mutations. Kidney cyst formation ensues when the PKD1 dosage falls below a critical threshold. However, no framework exists to harness the remaining allele or reverse PKD1 decline. Here, we show that mRNAs produced by the noninactivated PKD1 allele are cis-repressed via their 3-UTR miR-17 binding element. Eliminating this motif (Pkd1{Delta}17) improves mRNA stability, raises Polycystin-1 levels, and alleviates cyst growth in cellular, ex vivo, and mouse PKD models. Remarkably, Pkd2 is also autoinhibited via its 3-UTR miR-17 motif, and Pkd2{Delta}17-induced Polycystin-2 derepression partly compensates and retards cyst growth in Pkd1-mutant models. Moreover, acutely blocking Pkd1/2 cis-inhibition, including after cyst onset, attenuates murine PKD. Finally, PKD1{Delta}17 or PKD2{Delta}17 alleles revert cyst-pathogenic sequala in patient-derived primary ADPKD cultures. Thus, evading 3-UTR cis-interference and enhancing PKD1/2 mRNA translation is a potentially mutation-agnostic ADPKD-arresting approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakhia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramalingam, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobo-Stark, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biggers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flaten, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.23.479396</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.482176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 Macrodomain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.482176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A series of amino acid based 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized to discern the structure activity relationships against the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain (Mac1), an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that is critical for coronavirus replication and pathogenesis. Structure activity studies identified compound 15c as a low-micromolar inhibitor of Mac1 in two ADP-ribose binding assays. This compound also demonstrated inhibition in an enzymatic assay of Mac1 and displayed a thermal shift comparable to ADPr in the melting temperature of Mac1 supporting binding to the target protein. A structural model reproducibly predicted a binding mode where the pyrrolo pyrimidine forms a hydrogen bonding network with Asp22 and the amide backbone NH of Ile23 in the adenosine binding pocket and the carboxylate forms hydrogen bonds to the amide backbone of Phe157 and Asp156, part of the oxyanion subsite of Mac1. Compound 15c also demonstrated notable selectivity for coronavirus macrodomains when tested against a panel of ADP-ribose binding proteins. Together, this study identified several low MW, low M Mac1 inhibitors to use as small molecule chemical probes for this potential anti-viral target and offers starting points for further optimization.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=83 SRC="FIGDIR/small/482176v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (16K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@167aceorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d88c47org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e1b34borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c2321a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherrill, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joya, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atobatele, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wazir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keane, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraris, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.27.482176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 Macrodomain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maturation of cortical endoplasmic reticulum clusters in the mouse oocyte: changes at fertilization. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.28.482320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oocytes from many invertebrate and vertebrate species exhibit unique endoplasmic reticulum specializations (cortical ER clusters) thought be essential for egg activation. In examination of cortical ER clusters, we observed they were tethered to previously unreported fenestrae within the cortical actin layer. Further, studies demonstrated sperm preferentially bind to plasma membrane overlying the fenestrae, establishing close proximity to underlying ER clusters. Moreover, following sperm-oocyte fusion, cortical ER clusters undergo a previously unrecognized global maturational change in volume, shape, and calreticulin content that persists through sperm incorporation, before dispersing at the pronuclear stage. These changes did not occur in oocytes from females mated with Izumo1 -/- males demonstrating that gamete fusion plays an important role in ER cluster maturation. In addition to these global changes seen at sites distant to the sperm, highly localized ER modifications were noted at the sperm binding site as cortical ER clusters surround the sperm head during incorporation, then form a diffuse cloud surrounding the decondensing sperm nucleus. This study provides the first evidence that cortical ER clusters interact with the fertilizing sperm, indirectly through a previous unknown lattice work of actin fenestrae, then directly during sperm incorporation. These observations raise the possibility that oocyte ER cluster-sperm interactions provide a competitive advantage to the oocyte, which may not occur during assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Summary StatementSperm-oocyte interactions stimulate global changes in cortical endoplasmic reticulum cluster structure as well as localized responses at the sperm binding site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinsey, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.28.482320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maturation of cortical endoplasmic reticulum clusters in the mouse oocyte: changes at fertilization.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.481557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HIF1A modulate glycolysis function to governs mouse ovarian microenvironment metabolic plasticity in aging single cell resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.481557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular machinery of ovarian aging and female age-related pathway remain unclear. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-seq to profile over 9815 cells from both young and old female mouse and identified age-related alterations in the female somatic microenvironment. Interestingly, by aging-related signature calculation, we examined HIF1A in mouse ovarian cell aging regulated roles which effect pathways included glycolysis, TCA, OXPHOS and fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, inactivated HIF1A, decreased glycolysis was observed. Comparison analysis reveals the aging related regulon; metabolic and nutrient absorption changes provides a comprehensive understanding of the cell-type-specific mechanisms underlying mouse ovarian aging at single-cell resolution. This study, revealing new potential candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of aging-associated ovary pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.481557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HIF1A modulate glycolysis function to governs mouse ovarian microenvironment metabolic plasticity in aging single cell resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mac1-ADP-ribose binding by high-throughput screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of several zoonotic viruses in the last twenty years, especially the pandemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, has exposed a dearth of antiviral drug therapies for viruses with pandemic potential. Developing a diverse drug portfolio will be critical for our ability to rapidly respond to novel coronaviruses (CoVs) and other viruses with pandemic potential. Here we focus on the SARS-CoV-2 conserved macrodomain (Mac1), a small domain of non-structural protein 3 (nsp3). Mac1 is an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that cleaves mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from target proteins, protects the virus from the anti-viral effects of host ADP-ribosyltransferases, and is critical for the replication and pathogenesis of CoVs. In this study, a luminescent-based high-throughput assay was used to screen [~]38,000 small molecules for those that could inhibit Mac1-ADP-ribose binding. We identified 5 compounds amongst 3 chemotypes that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mac1-ADP-ribose binding in multiple assays with IC50 values less than 100{micro}M, inhibit ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity, and have evidence of direct Mac1 binding. These chemotypes are strong candidates for further derivatization into highly effective Mac1 inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wazir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraris, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtiö, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mac1-ADP-ribose binding by high-throughput screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482921v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new method to estimate the ecological niche through n-dimensional hypervolumes that combines convex hulls and elliptical envelopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482921v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIMethods that estimate the niche of a species by calculating a convex hull or an elliptical envelope have become popular due to their simplicity and interpretation, given Hutchinsons conception of the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume.
C_LIO_LIIt is well known that convex hulls are sensitive to outliers and do not have the ability to differentiate between regions of low and high concentration of presences, while the elliptical envelopes may contain large regions of niche space that are not relevant for the species. Thus, when the goal is to estimate the realized niche of the species, both methods may overestimate the niche.
C_LIO_LIWe present a methodology that combines both the convex hull and the elliptical envelope methods producing an n-dimensional hypervolume that better fits the observed density of species presences, making it a better candidate to model the realized niche. Our method, called the CHE approach, allows defining regions of iso-suitability as a function of the significance levels inherited from the method (Mahalanobis distance model, minimum covariance determinant, or minimum volume ellipsoid) used to fit an initial elliptical envelope from which we then discard regions not relevant for the species by calculating a convex hull.
C_LIO_LIWe applied the CHE approach to a case study of twenty-five species of bats present in the Iberian Peninsula, fitting a hypervolume for each species and comparing them to both the convex hulls and elliptical envelopes obtained with the same data and different values of n. We show that as the number of variables used to define the niche space increases, both the convex hull and elliptical envelope models produce overly large hypervolumes, while the size of the hypervolume fitted with the CHE approach remains stable. As a consequence, similarity measures that account for the niche overlap among different species may be inflated when using convex hulls or elliptical envelopes to model the niche; something that does not occur under the CHE approach.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrasco, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lison, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weintraub, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482921</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new method to estimate the ecological niche through n-dimensional hypervolumes that combines convex hulls and elliptical envelopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesoscale corticocortical connectivity corresponds with intracortical microstimulation-evoked neural activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCortical electrical stimulation has been a versatile technique for examining the structure and function of cortical regions as well as for implementing novel therapies. While electrical stimulation has been used to examine the local spread of neural activity, it may also enable longitudinal examination of mesoscale interregional connectivity. Recent studies have used focal intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) with optical imaging to show cross-region spread of neural activity, but techniques are limited to utilizing hemodynamic responses within anesthetized preparations.

ObjectiveHere, we sought to use ICMS in conjunction with recordings of multi-unit action potentials to assess the mesoscale effective connectivity within sensorimotor cortex.

MethodsNeural recordings were made from multielectrode arrays placed into sensory, motor, and premotor regions during surgical experiments in three squirrel monkeys. During each recording, single-pulse ICMS was repeatably delivered to a single region. Mesoscale effective connectivity was calculated from ICMS-evoked changes in multi-unit firing.

ResultsMulti-unit action potentials were able to be detected on the order of 1 ms after each ICMS pulse. Across sensorimotor regions, short-latency (< 2.5 ms) ICMS-evoked neural activity strongly correlated with known anatomic connections. Additionally, ICMS-evoked responses remained stable across the experimental period, despite small changes in electrode locations and anesthetic state.

ConclusionsThese results show that monitoring ICMS-evoked neural activity, in a technique we refer to as Stimulation-Evoked Effective Connectivity (SEEC), is a viable way to longitudinally assess effective connectivity enabling studies comparing the time course of connectivity changes with the time course of changes in behavioral function.

HighlightsO_LIShort-latency neural responses to ICMS were evaluated in multiple cortical regions.
C_LIO_LINeural responses strongly correlated with known anatomical connections.
C_LIO_LIStimulation-evoked neural responses were maintained across repeated tests.
C_LIO_LIICMS-evoked activity can show longitudinal changes in effective connectivity.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bundy, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesoscale corticocortical connectivity corresponds with intracortical microstimulation-evoked neural activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.04.482688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria is caused by infection with protozoan parasites of the Plasmodium genus, which is part of the phylum Apicomplexa. Most organisms in this phylum contain a relic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicoplast genome is replicated by a single DNA polymerase (apPOL), which is an attractive target for anti-malarial drugs. We screened small-molecule libraries (206,504 compounds) using a fluorescence-based high-throughput DNA polymerase assay. Dose/response analysis and counter-screening identified 186 specific apPOL inhibitors. Toxicity screening against human HepaRG human cells removed 84 compounds and the remaining were subjected to parasite killing assays using chloroquine resistant P. falciparum parasites. Nine compounds were potent inhibitors of parasite growth and may serve as lead compounds in efforts to discover novel malaria drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieto, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honzatko, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.04.482688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.06.483207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippo Signaling Cofactor, WWTR1, at the Crossroads of Human Trophoblast Progenitor Self-Renewal and Differentiation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.06.483207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Healthy progression of human pregnancy relies on cytotrophoblast progenitor (CTB) self-renewal and their differentiation towards multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). However, underlying molecular mechanisms that fine-tune CTB self-renewal or direct their differentiation towards STBs or EVTs during human placentation are poorly defined. Here, we show that hippo signaling cofactor WW Domain Containing Transcription Regulator 1 (WWTR1) is a master regulator of trophoblast fate choice during human placentation. Using human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs), primary CTBs and human placental explants, we demonstrate that WWTR1 promotes self-renewal in human CTBs and is essential for their differentiation to EVTs. In contrast, WWTR1 prevents induction of STB fate in undifferentiated CTBs. Our single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses in first-trimester human placenta along with mechanistic analyses in human TSCs revealed that WWTR1 fine-tunes trophoblast fate by directly regulating Wnt signaling components. Importantly, our analyses of placentae from pathological pregnancies show that extreme preterm birth (gestational time [&le;]28weeks) and intrauterine growth restriction along with preeclampsia (IUGR/PE) are often associated with loss of WWTR1 expression in CTBs. In summary, our findings establish a critical importance of WWTR1 at the crossroads of human trophoblast progenitor self-renewal vs. differentiation. It plays positive instructive roles to promote CTB self-renewal and EVT differentiation and safeguards undifferentiated CTBs from obtaining the STB fate.

SIGNIFICANCEHuman pregnancy relies on formation of the transient organ placenta and trophoblast cells are the major building blocks of the placenta. A defect in trophoblast progenitor self-renewal or their differentiation is associated with either pregnancy loss or pathological pregnancies, yet underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate trophoblast differentiation are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that WWTR1, a transcription cofactor and a component of conserved Hippo signaling pathway, optimizes trophoblast progenitor self-renewal and is essential for their differentiation into the invasive extravillous trophoblast cell lineage. Our findings establish WWTR1 as a critical regulator for success in human placentation and progression of a healthy pregnancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinhardt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukerjee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knofler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.06.483207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippo Signaling Cofactor, WWTR1, at the Crossroads of Human Trophoblast Progenitor Self-Renewal and Differentiation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coevolution of the Tlx homeobox gene with medusa development (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.08.483504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The jellyfish, or medusa, is a life cycle stage characteristic of the cnidarian subphylum Medusozoa. By contrast, the other cnidarian subphyla Anthozoa and Endocnidozoa lack a medusa stage. Of the medusozoan classes, Hydrozoa is the most diverse in terms of species number and life cycle variation. A notable pattern in hydrozoan evolution is that the medusa stage has been lost or reduced several times independently. Although this loss of the jellyfish stage is thought to be due to heterochrony, the precise developmental mechanisms underlying this complex pattern of medusa evolution are unknown. We found that the presence of the homeobox gene Tlx in cnidarian genomes is correlated with those medusozoans that have a medusa stage as part of their life cycle. Although Tlx is conserved in Bilateria and Cnidaria, it is missing in the genomes of anthozoans, endocnidozoans, and those hydrozoans that have lost the medusa stage. Selection analyses of Tlx across medusozoans revealed that hydrozoans undergo relatively relaxed selection compared to the other medusozoan classes, which may in part explain the pattern of multiple medusa losses. Differential expression analyses on three distantly related medusozoan representatives indicate an upregulation of Tlx during medusa development. In addition, Tlx expression is spatially restricted to regions of active development in medusae of the hydrozoan Podocoryna carnea. Our results suggest that Tlx plays a key role in medusa development and that the loss of this gene is likely linked to the repeated loss of the medusa life cycle stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Travert, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boohar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicotra, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclere, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steele, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.08.483504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coevolution of the Tlx homeobox gene with medusa development (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for APE1 processing DNA damage in the nucleosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and effectively repairing DNA damage. The mechanisms by which DNA repair proteins overcome this barrier to repair DNA damage in the nucleosome and protect genomic stability is unknown. Here, we determine how the base excision repair (BER) endonuclease AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) recognizes and cleaves DNA damage in the nucleosome. Kinetic assays determined that APE1 cleaves solvent-exposed AP sites in the nucleosome with 3 - 6 orders of magnitude higher efficiency than occluded AP sites. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of APE1 bound to a nucleosome containing a solvent-exposed AP site identified that APE1 uses a DNA sculpting mechanism for AP site recognition, where APE1 bends the nucleosomal DNA to access the AP site. Notably, additional biochemical and structural characterization of occluded AP sites identified contacts between the nucleosomal DNA and histone octamer that prevent efficient processing of the AP site by APE1. These findings provide a rationale for the position-dependent activity of BER proteins in the nucleosome and suggests the ability of BER proteins to sculpt nucleosomal DNA drives efficient BER in chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoitsma, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gakhar, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnicker, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for APE1 processing DNA damage in the nucleosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting the structure of large protein complexes using AlphaFold and sequential assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AlphaFold can predict the structure of single- and multiple-chain proteins with very high accuracy. However, the accuracy decreases with the number of chains, and the available GPU memory limits the size of protein complexes which can be predicted. Here we show that one can predict the structure of large complexes starting from predictions of subcomponents. We assemble 91 out of 175 complexes with 10-30 chains from predicted subcomponents using Monte Carlo tree search, with a median TM-score of 0.51. There are 30 highly accurate complexes (TM-score [&ge;]0.8, 33% of complete assemblies). We create a scoring function, mpDockQ, that can distinguish if assemblies are complete and predict their accuracy. We find that complexes containing symmetry are accurately assembled, while asymmetrical complexes remain challenging. The method is freely available and accesible as a Colab notebook https://colab.research.google.com/github/patrickbryant1/MoLPC/blob/master/MoLPC.ipynb.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bryant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.12.484089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting the structure of large protein complexes using AlphaFold and sequential assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gram-negative Antimicrobial spectrum of Ulmus pumila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeThis study explores the antimicrobial spectrum of Ulmus pumila by screening commonly infectious gram-negative bacteria for susceptibility. Currently, many gram-negative bacteria are developing resistance to recommended antibiotic therapies used in clinical practice. It is imperative that we continue to explore new antimicrobial compounds in order to help combat the global health issue of antibiotic resistance.

Method3g of freshly harvested leaves and flower samples of Ulmus pumila were extracted in 15 ml of 95% ethanol. The mixture was filtered to remove the debris and sterile blank discs were soaked in the clear filtrate (samples) or the extraction solvent (as background controls) for 20 minutes. Glycerol stocks of bacteria were scaled in LB broth and Muller Hinton agar was prepared with 38g of agar in a liter of water. A 100-microliter suspension of the scaled bacteria was diluted with 9 ml of 1% saline solution and 100 microliters of this saline dilution was plated. Sterile paper discs that were infused with extracts (samples) or vehicle control (95% ethanol) were placed on the freshly plated bacterial plates and incubated at 37 degree Celsius overnight. Zones of inhibition were recorded as a measure of antibacterial activity.

ResultUlmus pumila demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the following gram-negative bacteria: E. coli (16 mm mean zone of clearing), P. vulgaris (15 mm mean zone of clearing), E. cloacae (20.5 mm mean zone of clearing), and K. pneumoniae (16 mm mean zone of clearing).

ConclusionUlmus pumila displayed antimicrobial activity against various species of gram-negative bacteria including E. coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumonaie, and E. cloacae. Ulmus pumila has also previously demonstrated activity against some species of gram-positive bacteria. By this discovery, Ulmus pumila has the potential to serve as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schafer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puga, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbedanu, P. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.12.484112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gram-negative Antimicrobial spectrum of Ulmus pumila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485576v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibits Viral Protein Synthesis and Infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.23.485576v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 encodes for a small 75 amino acid transmembrane protein known as the envelope (E) protein. The E protein forms an ion channel, like the viroporins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) (Vpu) and influenza A virus (M2). Here, we analyzed HIV-1 virus infectivity in the presence of four different {beta}-coronavirus E proteins. We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV E proteins reduced HIV-1 yields by approximately 100-fold while MERS-CoV or HCoV-OC43 E proteins restricted HIV-1 infectivity to a lesser extent. This was also reflected in the levels of HIV-1 protein synthesis in cells. Mechanistically, we show that that the E protein neither affected reverse transcription nor genome integration. However, SARS-CoV-2 E protein activated the ER-stress pathway associated with the phosphorylation of eIF-2, which is known to attenuate protein synthesis in cells. Finally, we show that these four E proteins and the SARS-CoV-2 N protein did not significantly down-regulate bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) while the spike (S) proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and HIV-1 Vpu efficiently down-regulated cell surface BST-2 expression. The results of this study show for the first time that viroporins from a heterologous virus can suppress HIV-1 infection.

IMPORTANCEThe E protein of coronaviruses is a viroporin that is required for efficient release of infectious virus and for viral pathogenicity. We determined if the E protein from four {beta}-coronaviruses could restrict virus particle infectivity of HIV-1 infection. Our results indicate that the E proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV potently restricted HIV-1 while those from MERS-CoV and HCoV-OC43 were less restrictive. Substitution of the highly conserved proline in the cytoplasmic domain of SARS-CoV-2 E abrogated the restriction on HIV-1 infection. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 E protein did not interfere with viral integration or RNA synthesis but rather reduced viral protein synthesis. We show that the E protein-initiated ER stress causing phosphorylation of eIF-2, which is known to attenuate protein synthesis. Companion studies suggest that the E protein also triggers autophagy. These results show for the first time that a viroporin from a coronavirus can restrict infection of another virus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephens, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polpitiya Arachchige, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waisner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalamvoki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485576</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Envelope Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibits Viral Protein Synthesis and Infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 harnesses host translational shutoff and autophagy to optimize virus yields: The role of the envelope (E) protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 virion is composed of four structural proteins: spike (S), nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and envelope (E). E spans the membrane a single time and is the smallest, yet most enigmatic of the structural proteins. E is conserved among coronaviruses and has an essential role in virus-mediated pathogenesis. We found that ectopic expression of E had deleterious effects on the host cell as it activated stress responses, leading to phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 and LC3 lipidation that resulted in host translational shutoff. During infection E is highly expressed although only a small fraction is incorporated into virions, suggesting that E activity is regulated and harnessed by the virus to its benefit. In support of this, we found that the {gamma}1 34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) prevented deleterious effects of E on the host cell and allowed for E protein accumulation. This observation prompted us to investigate whether other SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins regulate E. We found that the N and M proteins enabled E protein accumulation, whereas S prevented E accumulation. While {gamma}1 34.5 protein prevented deleterious effects of E on the host cells, it had a negative effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication. This negative effect of {gamma}1 34.5 was most likely associated with failure of SARS-CoV-2 to divert the translational machinery and with deregulation of autophagy pathways. Overall, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 causes stress responses and subjugates these pathways, including host protein synthesis (phosphorylated eIF2) and autophagy, to support optimal virus production.

ImportanceIn 2020, a new {beta}-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, entered the human population that has caused a pandemic resulting in 6 million deaths worldwide. Although closely related to SARS-CoV, the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are not fully understood. We found that ectopic expression of the SARS-CoV-2 E protein had detrimental effects on the host cell, causing metabolic alterations including shutoff of protein synthesis and mobilization of cellular resources through autophagy activation. Co-expression of E with viral proteins known to subvert host antiviral responses such as autophagy and translational inhibition, either from SARS-CoV-2 or from heterologous viruses increased cell survival and E protein accumulation. However, such factors were found to negatively impact SARS-CoV-2 infection, as autophagy contributes to formation of viral membrane factories, and translational control offers an advantage for viral gene expression. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved mechanisms to harness host functions that are essential for virus replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waisner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieshaber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saud, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalamvoki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 harnesses host translational shutoff and autophagy to optimize virus yields: The role of the envelope (E) protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of the repressor REST affects progesterone receptor function and promotes uterine leiomyoma pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine Leiomyomas (UL) are benign tumors that arise in the myometrial layer of the uterus. The standard treatment option for UL is hysterectomy, although hormonal therapies such as selective progesterone receptor modulators are often used as temporary treatment options to reduce symptoms or slow the growth of tumors. However, since the pathogenesis of UL is poorly understood and most hormonal therapies are not based on UL-specific, divergent hormone signaling pathways, hallmarks that predict long-term efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapies remain largely undefined. In a previous study, we reported aberrant expression of REST/NRSF target genes activate UL growth due to the near ubiquitous loss of REST. Here, we show that ablation of the Rest gene in mouse uterus leads to UL phenotype and gene expression patterns analogous to UL, including altered estrogen and progesterone signaling pathways. We demonstrate that many of the genes dysregulated in UL harbor cis-regulatory elements bound by REST and progesterone receptor (PGR) adjacent to each other. Crucially, we identify an interaction between REST and PGR in healthy myometrium and present a putative mechanism for the dysregulation of progesterone responsive genes in UL ensuing the loss of REST. Using three Rest conditional knockout mouse lines, we provide a comprehensive picture of the impact loss of REST has in UL pathogenesis and in altering the response of UL to steroid hormones.

Significance statementAblation of Rest gene in the mouse uterus, modelling the loss REST in uterine fibroids, results in tumor formation and gene expression patterns analogous to human UL, including altered estrogen and progesterone receptor (PGR) pathways. The current study provides a putative mechanism for the aberrant function of PGR in UL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cloud, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McWilliams, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koohestani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganeshkumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothnick, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennathukuzhi, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.487902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of the repressor REST affects progesterone receptor function and promotes uterine leiomyoma pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is It A Barrel? General Features of Transmembrane Beta Barrels from a Large Database 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large datasets contribute new insights to subjects formerly investigated by exemplars. We used co-evolution data to create a large, high-quality database of transmembrane {beta}-barrels (TMBB). By applying simple feature detection on generated evolutionary contact maps, our method (IsItABarrel) achieves 95.88% balanced accuracy when discriminating among protein classes. Moreover, comparison with IsItABarrel revealed a high rate of false positives in previous TMBB algorithms. In addition to being more accurate than previous datasets, our database (available online) contains 1,894,206 bacterial TMBB proteins from 20 evolutionary classes, respectively 17 and 2.2 times larger than the previous sets TMBB-DB and OMPdb. We anticipate that due to its quality and size the database will serve as a useful resource where high quality TMBB sequence data is required. We found that TMBBs can be divided into 10 types, three of which have not been previously reported. We find tremendous variance in proteome percentage among TMBB-containing organisms with some using 6.79% of their proteome for TMBBs and others using as little as 0.27% of their proteome. The distribution of the lengths of the TMBBs is suggestive of previously hypothesized duplication events. In addition, we find that the C-terminal {beta}-signal varies among different classes of bacteria though it is most commonly HyGHyGY+F. However, this {beta}-signal is only characteristic of prototypical TMBBs. The nine non-prototypical barrel types have other C-terminal motifs and it remains to be determined if these alternative motifs facilitate TMBB insertion or perform any other signaling function.

Significance StatementOuter membrane proteins (OMPs) control all interactions between Gram negative bacteria and their environments including uptake and efflux of antibiotics. We created an algorithm that identifies bacterial OMPs from sequence. The quality of our algorithm allows us to identify most OMPs ([~]1.8 million) from prokaryotic genomes including >240,000 unrelated to previously structurally-resolved OMPs. We identify ten types of OMPs in our database. The largest types signal sequence--used for targeting the membrane-insertion machinery--varies by phylogenetic class. All other types of OMPs do not have a related signal sequence, raising new questions of how these proteins fold. Our web-accessible database will allow for further exploration of the varieties of outer membrane proteins to uncover new targets for controlling antibiotic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Montezano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.13.488089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is It A Barrel? General Features of Transmembrane Beta Barrels from a Large Database]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.15.488461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High total water loss driven by low-fat diet in desert-adapted mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.15.488461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Availability of food resources is an important driver of survival. Animals must either relocate or adapt to persist in environments where critical resource abundance is changing. An optimal diet balances energy gain, water regulation, and nutrition. We used flow-through respirometry to characterize metabolic phenotypes of the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) under diurnally variable environmental conditions that mimic the environment of the Sonoran Desert. We treated mice with two different energetically equivalent diets, a standard diet and a low-fat diet, and measured energy expenditure, water loss rate, respiratory quotient, weight, and electrolyte levels. Mice fed the low-fat diet lost significantly more water than those on the standard diet. Our results suggest that cactus mice may have limited capacity to tolerate water deprivation if optimal foods become less abundant. Given that climate change is predicted to modify the distribution of food items, understanding these links may have important implications for long-term population viability for desert and non-desert adapted animals alike.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blumstein, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linder, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacManes, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.15.488461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High total water loss driven by low-fat diet in desert-adapted mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detergent headgroups control TolC folding in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TolC is the trimeric outer membrane component of the efflux pump system in E. coli responsible for antibiotic efflux from bacterial cells. Over-expression of efflux pumps has been reported to decrease susceptibility to antibiotics in a variety of bacterial pathogens. Reliable production of membrane proteins allows for the biophysical and structural characterization needed to better understand efflux and for the development of therapeutics. Preparation of recombinant protein for biochemical/structural studies often involves the production of proteins as inclusion body aggregates from which bioactive proteins are recovered. Here we find that the in vitro folding of TolC into its functional trimeric state from inclusion bodies is dependent on the headgroup composition of detergent micelles used. Nonionic detergent favors the formation of functional trimeric TolC, whereas zwitterionic detergents induce the formation of a non-native trimeric TolC fold. We also find that nonionic detergents with shorter alkyl lengths facilitate TolC folding. It remains to be seen whether the charges in lipid headgroups have similar effects on membrane insertion and folding in biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ikujuni, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budiardjo, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detergent headgroups control TolC folding in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing the Coordination of APE1 and DNA Polymerase β During Base Excision Repair 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Base Excision Repair (BER) is carried out by a series of DNA repair proteins that function in a step-by-step process to identify, remove, and replace DNA damage. As DNA damage is processed during BER, the DNA transitions through various intermediate states, called BER intermediates, which if left exposed can develop into double-strand DNA breaks and trigger programmed cell death signaling. Previous studies have proposed that in order to minimize exposure of the BER intermediates, each protein may remain bound to its product prior to the next protein binding. Thus, a short-lived complex consisting of the BER intermediate, the incoming enzyme, and the outgoing enzyme may form between each step of the BER pathway. The transfer of BER intermediates between enzymes, known as BER coordination, has yet to be directly visualized and the mechanistic details of the process remain unclear. Here, we utilize single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to investigate the mechanism of BER coordination between apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) and DNA polymerase {beta} (Pol {beta}). When preformed complexes comprised of APE1 and the incised AP-site product were subsequently bound by Pol {beta}, the Pol {beta} enzyme dissociated shortly after binding in a majority of the observations. In the events where Pol {beta} binding was followed by APE1 dissociation (i.e., DNA hand-off), Pol {beta} had remained bound for a longer period of time to allow disassociation of APE1. Our results indicate that, in the absence of other BER factors, transfer of the BER intermediate from APE1 to Pol {beta} during BER is dependent on the dissociation kinetics of APE1 and the duration that Pol {beta} remains bound near the APE1-5 nick complex. These findings provide insight into how APE1 and Pol {beta} coordinate the transfer of DNA within the BER pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fairlamb, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing the Coordination of APE1 and DNA Polymerase β During Base Excision Repair]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.08.491083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A data-driven approach to quantifying meal characteristics influencing energy intake 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.08.491083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We used a data-driven approach to determine the influence of energy density, hyper-palatability, protein content, and eating rate on ad libitum non-beverage energy intake during 2733 meals consumed by 35 inpatient adults who participated in two 28-day feeding studies. All four meal characteristics significantly contributed to energy intake, but their relative importance varied by the prevailing dietary pattern according to macronutrient composition and degree of processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fazzino, T. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courville, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.08.491083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A data-driven approach to quantifying meal characteristics influencing energy intake]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
USP11 promotes endothelial apoptosis-resistance in pulmonary hypertension by deubiquitinating HINT3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, lethal, and incurable disease of the pulmonary vasculature. Evolving evidence indicates that the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), play an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH by deubiquitinating key proteins involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis-paired with transcriptomic profiling indicated that deubiquitinase USP11 and histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 3 (HINT3) are positively correlated and that their expression increased in lungs of PAH patients compared to control (fail donor) group, and inversely correlated with survival. However, mechanisms and function of the USP11/HNT3 axis have not been explored in PAH. Therefore, we aimed to investigate that HINT3 stabilized by USP11 activation links to endothelial apoptosis-resistance in PAH.

Methods and ResultsExpression of USP11 and HINT3 was increased in the lungs of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients and Hypoxia/Sugen-treated mice using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. USP11 and HINT3 interacted physically as shown by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). HINT3 levels were decreased upon transfection of HA-tagged Ubi plasmid into HPAECs. Pretreatment with the potent proteasome inhibitor MG132 prolonged the half-life of HINT3 protein, indicating that HINT3 is degraded by polyubiquitination. HINT3 was stabilized and destabilized by forced overexpression or siRNA knockdown of USP11 respectively. Similarly, treatment with mitoxantrone, a USP11 antagonist, reduced HPAEC HINT3 expression. HINT3 interacted with the antiapoptotic mediator, BCL2. Overexpression of USP11 increased BCL2 content, congruent to elevated lung tissue levels seen in IPAH patients and Hypoxia/Sugen-treated mice. Conversely, knockdown of HINT3 function led to depletion of BCL2.

ConclusionsThe HINT3-USP11 axis contributes to apoptosis-resistance in pulmonary artery endothelial cells, as is potentially a novel and attractive therapeutic target for ubiquitination modulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jang, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stearman, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lister, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Passineau, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benza, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[USP11 promotes endothelial apoptosis-resistance in pulmonary hypertension by deubiquitinating HINT3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats bind transcription factors to tune eukaryotic gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.24.493321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short tandem repeats (STRs) are enriched in eukaryotic cis-regulatory elements and their polymorphisms alter gene expression, yet how they regulate transcription remains unknown. We find that STRs can modulate transcription factor (TF)-DNA affinities and on rates by up to 70-fold by directly binding TF DNA-binding domains, with energetic impacts approaching or exceeding mutations to consensus sites. STRs maximize the number of weakly preferred microstates near target sites, thereby increasing TF density near motifs to speed target search. Confirming that STRs also impact TF binding in cells, neural networks trained only on in vivo occupancies predict identical effects to those observed in vitro. Approximately 90% of TFs preferentially bind STRs that need not resemble known motifs, providing a novel cis-regulatory mechanism to target TFs to cognate sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Horton, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandari, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marklund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaepe, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aditham, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrikumar, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenleaf, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fordyce, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.24.493321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short tandem repeats bind transcription factors to tune eukaryotic gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Doublecortin like kinase 1 is a target in squamous cell carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) plays a crucial role in several cancers including colon and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. However, its role in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unknown. To this end, we examined DCLK1 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). We found that DCLK1 is elevated in patient SCC tissue, which correlated with cancer progression and poorer overall survival. Furthermore, DCLK1 expression is significantly elevated in HPV negative cancer tissues, which are typically aggressive with poor responses to radiation therapy. To understand the role of DCLK1 in tumorigenesis, we used specific shRNA to suppress DCLK1 expression. This significantly reduced tumor growth, spheroid formation, and migration of HNSCC cancer cells. To further the translational relevance of our studies, we sought to identify a selective DCLK1 inhibitor. Current attempts to target DCLK1 using pharmacologic approaches have relied on non-specific suppression of DCLK1 kinase activity. Here, we demonstrate that DiFiD [3,5-bis (2,4-difluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone] binds to DCLK1 with high selectivity. Moreover, DiFiD mediated suppression of DCLK1 led to G2/M arrest and apoptosis and significantly suppressed tumor growth of HNSCC xenografts and ASCC patient derived xenografts, supporting that DCLK1 is critical for SCC growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Standing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandawate, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ottemann, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponnurangam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramaniam, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srinivasan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>New, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwatra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramamoorthy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadoin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Rajabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashcraft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tawfik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padhye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Doublecortin like kinase 1 is a target in squamous cell carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel insights into the fundamentals of palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Embryonic palate development involves bilateral vertical growth of palatal shelves - extensions from the maxillary processes - next to the tongue until embryonic day (E) 13.5. Following vertical growth, palatal shelves elevate and adhere above the tongue by E14.5. Current models indicate that this process of elevation involves a complex vertical to horizontal reorienting of the palatal shelves. While earlier studies have implied that this is a rapid process, the precise timing has not been resolved. To understand the dynamics of palatal shelf elevation, we employed time-restricted pregnancies with a one-hour resolution and magnetic resonance imaging of intermediate stages. Our data showed that in almost all C57BL/6J embryos, palatal shelves have not yet elevated by E14.0. However, six hours later at E14.25, palatal shelves have completed elevation in 80% of embryos. Interestingly, all E14.25 embryos with unelevated palatal shelves (20%) were female, suggesting a delay in female embryos. In FVB/NJ embryos, the elevation window started earlier (E13.875-E14.25) without any noticeable sex differences. We frequently captured an intermediate stage with unilateral elevation of either right or left palatal shelf. Magnetic resonance imaging of various stages showed that palatal shelf elevation began with the formation of bilateral bulges in the posterior. These bulges progressed laterally and anteriorly over time. During elevation, we observed increased cell proliferation in the lingual region of the palatal shelf. Within the bulge, cell orientation was acutely tilted towards the tongue and actomyosin activity was increased, which together may participate in the projection of the bulge in the horizontal direction. Thus, our data reveal novel insights into the rapid dynamic changes in palatal shelf elevation that lay the foundation for future studies of normal and abnormal palatogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moedritzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stetsiv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isai, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufft-Martinez, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rickabaugh, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keselman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chauhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.494562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel insights into the fundamentals of palatal shelf elevation dynamics in normal mouse embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Docking-based long timescale simulation of cell-size protein systems at atomic resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational methodologies are increasingly addressing modeling of the whole cell at the molecular level. Proteins and their interactions are the key component of cellular processes. Techniques for modeling protein interactions, so far, have included protein docking and molecular simulation. The latter approaches account for the dynamics of the interactions, but are relatively slow, if carried out at all-atom resolution, or are significantly coarse-grained. Protein docking algorithms are far more efficient in sampling spatial coordinates. However, they do not account for the kinetics of the association (i.e., they do not involve the time coordinate). Our proof-of-concept study bridges the two modeling approaches, developing an approach that can reach unprecedented simulation timescales at all-atom resolution. The global intermolecular energy landscape of a large system of proteins was mapped by the pairwise Fast Fourier Transform docking and sampled in space and time by Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation protocol was parametrized on existing data and validated on a number of observations from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation protocol performed consistently across very different systems of proteins at different protein concentrations. It recapitulated data on the previously observed protein diffusion rates and aggregation. The speed of calculation allows reaching second-long trajectories of protein systems that approach the size of the cells, at atomic resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vakser, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grudinin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, N. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.495183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Docking-based long timescale simulation of cell-size protein systems at atomic resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496152v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conservation at the uterine-placental interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.14.496152v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hemochorial placentation site is characterized by a dynamic interplay between trophoblast cells and maternal cells. These cells cooperate to establish an interface required for nutrient delivery to promote fetal growth. In the human, trophoblast cells penetrate deep into the uterus. This is not a consistent feature of hemochorial placentation and has hindered the establishment of suitable animal models. The rat represents an intriguing model for investigating hemochorial placentation with deep trophoblast cell invasion. In this study, we used single cell RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of the invasive trophoblast cell lineage, as well as other cell populations within the rat uterine-placental interface during early (gestation day, gd, 15.5) and late (gd 19.5) stages of intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion. We identified a robust set of transcripts that define invasive trophoblast cells, as well as transcripts that distinguished endothelial, smooth muscle, natural killer, and macrophage cells. Invasive trophoblast, immune, and endothelial cell populations exhibited distinct spatial relationships within the uterine-placental interface. Furthermore, the maturation stage of invasive trophoblast cell development could be determined by assessing gestation-stage dependent changes in transcript expression. Finally, and most importantly, expression of a prominent subset of rat invasive trophoblast cell transcripts is conserved in the invasive extravillous trophoblast cell lineage of the human placenta. These findings provide foundational data to identify and interrogate key conserved regulatory mechanisms essential for development and function of an important compartment within the hemochorial placentation site that is essential for a healthy pregnancy.

SIGNIFICANCETrophoblast cell-guided restructuring of the uterus is an essential event in the establishment of the hemochorial placenta. Establishment of a suitable animal model for investigating regulatory mechanisms in this critical developmental process is a key to better understanding the etiology of diseases of placentation, such as early pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm birth. The rat exhibits deep trophoblast cell invasion, as seen in human hemochorial placentation. Similarities are identified in the transcriptomes of rat and human invasive trophoblast cells, leading to the discovery of conserved candidate regulators of the invasive trophoblast cell lineage. This creates opportunities to test hypotheses underlying the pathophysiologic basis of trophoblast cell-guided uterine transformation and new insights into the etiology of diseases of placentation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, H. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.14.496152</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conservation at the uterine-placental interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AKT1-FOXO4 AXIS REGULATES HEMOCHORIAL PLACENTATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemochorial placentation involves the differentiation of specialized cells called invasive trophoblast cells possessing the capacity to exit the placenta and invade into the uterus where they restructure the vasculature. Invasive trophoblast cells arise from a well-defined compartment within the placenta, referred to as the junctional zone in the rat and the extravillous trophoblast cell column in the human. In this study, we investigated roles for AKT1, a serine/threonine kinase, in placental development using a genome-edited/loss-of-function rat model. Disruption of AKT1 resulted in placental, fetal, and postnatal growth restriction. Forkhead box O4 (Foxo4), which encodes a transcription factor and known AKT substrate, was abundantly expressed in the junctional zone and invasive trophoblast cells of the rat placentation site. Foxo4 gene disruption using genome-editing resulted in placentomegaly, including an enlarged junctional zone. AKT1 and FOXO4 regulate the expression of many of the same transcripts expressed by trophoblast cells; however, in opposite directions. In summary, we have identified AKT1 and FOXO4 as part of a regulatory network that reciprocally controls critical indices of hemochorial placenta development.

SUMMARY STATEMENTGenome-edited rat models were utilized to investigate roles for AKT1 and FOXO4 in hemochorial placentation. AKT1 and FOXO4 possess reciprocal actions in regulating development of the hemochorial placenta.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kozai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno Irusta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winchester, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrish, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AKT1-FOXO4 AXIS REGULATES HEMOCHORIAL PLACENTATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CITED2 Is A Conserved Regulator Of Deep Hemochorial Placentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.15.496287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Establishment of the hemochorial uterine-placental interface requires exodus of trophoblast cells from the placenta and their transformative actions on the uterus, which represent processes critical for a successful pregnancy, but are poorly understood. We examined the involvement of CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl terminal domain 2 (CITED2) in rat and human trophoblast cell development. The rat and human exhibit deep hemochorial placentation. CITED2 was distinctively expressed in the junctional zone and invasive trophoblast cells of the rat. Homozygous Cited2 gene deletion resulted in placental and fetal growth restriction. Small Cited2 null placentas were characterized by disruptions in the junctional zone, delays in intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion, and compromised plasticity. In the human placentation site, CITED2 was uniquely expressed in the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell column and importantly contributed to development of the EVT cell lineage. We conclude that CITED2 is a conserved regulator of deep hemochorial placentation.

Significance StatementThe process of establishing the uterine-placental interface is a poorly understood tissue re-engineering event that involves genetically foreign trophoblast cells breaching the immunologically secure uterus. When optimal, mother and fetus thrive, whereas failures represent the root cause of life-threatening diseases of pregnancy. CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl terminal domain 2 (CITED2) is a transcriptional co-regulator with a conspicuous presence in trophoblast cell lineages infiltrating the uterine parenchyma. CITED2 helps coordinate the differentiation of rat and human trophoblast cells into invasive/extravillous trophoblast cells capable of transforming the uterus. These actions ensure requisite placental development and adaptations to physiological stressors. CITED2 exemplifies a conserved regulator of transcriptional events essential for establishing the uterine-placental interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuna, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhakal, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kent, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Irusta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varberg, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sucov, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.15.496287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CITED2 Is A Conserved Regulator Of Deep Hemochorial Placentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TOM-1/Tomosyn acts with the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 to inhibit growth cone protrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the polarity/protrusion model of growth cone repulsion from UNC-6/Netrin, UNC-6 first polarizes the VD growth cone via the UNC-5 receptor, and then regulates protrusion asymmetrically across the growth cone based on this polarity. Through the UNC-40/DCC receptor, UNC-6 stimulates protrusion dorsally, and through UNC-5 inhibits protrusion ventrally and laterally, resulting in net dorsal growth. Previous studies showed that UNC-5 inhibits growth cone protrusion via the flavin monooxygenases and potential destabilization of F-actin, and via UNC-33/CRMP and restriction of microtubule + end entry into the growth cone. To explore the role of vesicle fusion in growth cone protrusion, we analyzed tom-1/tomosyn mutants. Tomosyn normally occludes formation of the SNARE complex by interacting with and inhibiting Syntaxin and thus preventing vesicle fusion. VD growth cones of tom-1 null mutants were similar to wild-type. However, tom-1 null mutants suppressed the effects of constitutively-activated MYR::UNC-5, which alone causes small growth cones with little protrusion. This suggests that TOM-1 is normally required for the inhibitory effects of MYR::UNC-5 on growth cone protrusion. tom-1 encodes long and short isoforms, and results here indicate that tom-1S is required downstream of UNC-5 to inhibit protrusion, whereas the tom-1L has a pro-protrusive role. unc-64/Syntaxin mutants displayed reduced growth cone protrusion, suggesting that TOM-1 inhibits growth cone protrusion by inhibiting UNC-64/Syntaxin, similar to its role in neurotransmission. TOM-1L, TOM-1S, and UNC-64/Syntaxin were all required for VD growth cone polarity of protrusion, indicating that regulated vesicle fusion is required for the establishment and/or maintenance of VD growth cone polarity. These studies show that, in addition to effects on actin and microtubules, UNC-5 might inhibit VD growth cone protrusion by inhibiting growth cone vesicle fusion and thus the ability of growth cones to add plasma membrane necessary for protrusive growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahadik, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.496459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TOM-1/Tomosyn acts with the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 to inhibit growth cone protrusion in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496636v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EWSR1 prevents the induction of aneuploidy by regulating the localization of Aurora B at inner centromere 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.17.496636v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1) was originally identified as a part of an aberrant EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene in Ewing sarcoma, the second most common pediatric bone cancer. Due to formation of the EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene in the tumor genome, the cell loses one wild type EWSR1 allele. Our previous study demonstrated that the loss of ewsr1a (homologue of human EWSR1) in zebrafish leads to the high incidence of mitotic dysfunction, of aneuploidy, and of tumorigenesis in the tp53 mutant background. To dissect the molecular function of EWSR1, we successfully established a stable DLD-1 cell line that enables a conditional knockdown of EWSR1 using Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) system. When both EWSR1 genes of DLD-1 cell were tagged with mini-AID at its 5-end using CRISPR/Cas9 system, treatment of the (AID-EWSR1/AID-EWSR1) DLD-1 cells with a plant-based Auxin (AUX) led to the significant levels of degradation of AID-EWSR1 proteins. During anaphase, the EWSR1 knockdown (AUX+) cells displayed higher incidence of lagging chromosomes compared to the control (AUX-) cells. This defect was proceeded by a lower incidence of the localization of Aurora B at inner centromeres, and by a higher incidence of the protein at kinetochores compared to the control cells during pro/metaphase. Despite these defects, the EWSR1 knockdown cells did not undergo mitotic arrest, suggesting that the cell lacks the error correction mechanism. Significantly, the EWSR1 knockdown (AUX+) cells induced higher incidence of aneuploidy compared to the control (AUX-) cells. Since our previous study demonstrated that EWSR1 interacts with the key mitotic kinase, Aurora B, we generated replacement lines of EWSR1-mCherry and EWSR1:R565A-mCherry (a mutant that has low affinity for Aurora B) in the (AID-EWSR1/AID-EWSR1) DLD-1 cells. The EWSR1-mCherry rescued the high incidence of aneuploidy of EWSR1 knockdown cells, whereas EWSR1-mCherry:R565A failed to rescue the phenotype. Together, we demonstrate that EWSR1 is essential to prevent aneuploidy through interaction with Aurora B, most likely by regulating the localization of Aurora B at centromere.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schulz, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.17.496636</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EWSR1 prevents the induction of aneuploidy by regulating the localization of Aurora B at inner centromere]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The wtf meiotic driver gene family has unexpectedly persisted for over 100 million years 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.24.497463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers are selfish elements that bias their own transmission into more than half of the viable progeny produced by a driver+/driver- heterozygote. Meiotic drivers are thought to exist for relatively short evolutionary timespans because a driver gene or gene family is often found in a single species or in a group of very closely related species. Additionally, drivers are generally considered doomed to extinction when they spread to fixation or when suppressors arise. In this study, we examine the evolutionary history of the wtf meiotic drivers first discovered in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We identify homologous genes in three other fission yeast species S. octosporus, S. osmophilus, and S. cryophilus, which are estimated to have diverged over 100 million years ago from the S. pombe lineage. Synteny evidence supports that wtf genes were present in the common ancestor of these four species. Moreover, the ancestral genes were likely drivers as wtf genes in S. octosporus cause meiotic drive. Our findings indicate that active meiotic drive systems can be maintained for long evolutionary timespans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Carvalho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, G.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nidamangala Srinivasa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billmyre, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabbarini, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanders, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.24.497463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The wtf meiotic driver gene family has unexpectedly persisted for over 100 million years]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.497818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of allosteric, selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors that are negatively cooperative with cyclin binding and show potential as contraceptive agents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.30.497818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared to most ATP-site kinase inhibitors, small molecules that target an allosteric pocket have the potential for improved selectivity due to the often observed lower structural similarity at these distal sites. Despite their promise, relatively few examples of structurally confirmed, high-affinity allosteric kinase inhibitors exist. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a target for many therapeutic indications, including non-hormonal contraception.1 However, an inhibitor against this kinase with exquisite selectivity has not reached the market because of the structural similarity between CDKs.1-2 In this paper, we describe the development and mechanism of action of new type III inhibitors that bind CDK2 with nanomolar affinity, making them the highest affinity, structurally confirmed allosteric CDK inhibitors reported. Notably, these anthranilic acid inhibitors exhibit a strong negative cooperative relationship with cyclin binding, which remains an underexplored mechanism for CDK2 inhibition. Furthermore, the binding profile of these compounds in both biophysical and cellular assays demonstrate the promise of this series for further development into a therapeutic selective for CDK2 over highly similar kinases like CDK1. The potential of these inhibitors as efficacious contraceptive agents is seen by incubation with mouse testicular explants, where they recapitulate Cdk2-/- and Spdya-/- phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faber, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganeshkumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majumbar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalid, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkinson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levinson, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schonbrunn, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennathukuzhi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harki, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georg, G. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.30.497818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of allosteric, selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors that are negatively cooperative with cyclin binding and show potential as contraceptive agents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Obesity Disrupts Pituitary UPR Leading to NAFLD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.06.498610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Obesity is the major risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), for which effective cures are lacking. Despite the notion that obesity is associated with aberrant levels and action of pituitary hormones that are essential for maintaining hepatic metabolic and inflammatory states, the intrinsic pituitary endocrine abnormalities and their systemic consequences are incompletely defined. By characterizing the impact of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on the pituitary whole tissue and single cell transcriptome, we demonstrated that obesity disrupts pituitary endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis by suppressing the inositol-requiring enzyme- (IRE1)-mediated adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). We further showed that defective pituitary UPR by IRE1-deletion in the anterior pituitary strikingly augmented obesity-associated systemic metabolic abnormalities, particularly the NAFLD-associated pathologies. Conversely, enhancing the adaptive UPR in the anterior pituitary, by genetic gain-of-function of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1), ameliorated the systemic and hepatic metabolic defects observed in mice with pituitary IRE1 deletion. Intriguingly, disruption of the UPR in the pituitary resulted in impaired hepatic UPR, which was in part due to a defective thyroid hormone receptor (THR)-mediated activation of hepatic Xbp1. In contrast, activation of the hepatic THR signaling improved obesity-associated glucose intolerance and attenuated the impaired hepatic ER homeostasis in anterior pituitary-IRE1 deficient mice. Together, our study provides the first insight into disruption of endocrine signaling-mediated inter-organ UPR communication drives obesity-associated hepatic pathologies. Unraveling these connections might uncover new therapeutic targets for NAFLD and other obesity-associated diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmouni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.06.498610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Obesity Disrupts Pituitary UPR Leading to NAFLD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Early life stress exposure increases susceptibility to high fat/high sucrose diet in female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposure to stress early in life has been associated with adult-onset co-morbidities such as chronic pain, metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and inactivity. We have established an early life stress model using neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in mice, which displays evidence of increased body weight and adiposity, widespread mechanical allodynia, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation in male mice. Early life stress and consumption of a western style diet contribute to the development of obesity, however, relatively few pre-clinical studies have been performed in female rodents, which are known to be protected against diet induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. In this study we gave naive and NMS female mice access to a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet beginning at 4 weeks of age. Robust increases in body weight and fat were observed in HFS-fed NMS mice during the first 10 weeks on the diet, driven partly by increased food intake. Female NMS mice on a HFS diet showed widespread mechanical hypersensitivity compared to either naive mice on a HFS diet or NMS mice on a control diet. HFS diet-fed NMS mice also had impaired glucose tolerance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. Strikingly, female NMS mice on a HFS diet showed evidence of hepatic steatosis with increased triglyceride levels and altered glucocorticoid receptor levels and phosphorylation state. They also exhibited increased energy expenditure as observed via indirect calorimetry and expression of pro-inflammatory markers in perigonadal adipose. Altogether, our data suggest that early life stress exposure increased the susceptibility of female mice to develop diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and pain-like behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Frick, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eller, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foright, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levasseur, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Early life stress exposure increases susceptibility to high fat/high sucrose diet in female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.15.500132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over the course of aging, there is an early degradation of cerebrovascular health that may be attenuated with aerobic exercise training. Yet, the acute cerebrovascular response to a single bout of exercise remains elusive, particularly within key brain regions most affected by age-related disease processes. We investigated the acute global and region-specific cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to 15 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in older adults ([&ge;]65years) (n=60) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Within 0-6 minutes post-exercise, CBF decreased across all regions, an effect that was attenuated in the hippocampus. The exercise-induced CBF drop was followed by a rebound effect over the 24-minute post-exercise assessment period, an effect that was most robust in the hippocampus. Individuals with low baseline perfusion demonstrated the greatest hippocampal-specific CBF effect post-exercise, showing no immediate drop and a rapid increase in CBF that exceeded baseline levels within 6-12 minutes post-exercise. Gains in domain-specific cognitive performance post-exercise were not associated with changes in regional CBF, suggesting dissociable effects of exercise on acute neural and vascular plasticity. Together, the present findings support a precision-medicine framework for the use of exercise to target brain health that carefully considers age-related changes in the cerebrovascular system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billinger, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepping, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.15.500132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal blood flow rapidly and preferentially increases after a bout of moderate-intensity exercise in older adults with poor cerebrovascular health]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of malathion resistance QTL in Drosophila melanogaster using a bulked phenotyping approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drosophila melanogaster has proven an effective system with which to understand the evolutionary genetics and molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Insecticide use has left signatures of selection in the fly genome, and both functional and quantitative genetics studies in the system have identified genes and variants associated with resistance. Here, we use D. melanogaster and leverage a bulk phenotyping and pooled sequencing "extreme QTL" approach to genetically dissect variation in resistance to malathion, an organophosphate insecticide. We resolve two QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci), one of which implicates allelic variation at the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1, a strong candidate based on previous work. The second shows no overlap with hits from a previous genomewide association study (GWAS) for malathion resistance, recapitulating other studies showing that different strategies for complex trait dissection in flies can yield apparently different architectures. Notably, we see no genetic signal at the Ace gene. Ace encodes the target of organophosphate insecticide inhibition, and GWAS have identified strong Ace-linked associations with resistance. The absence of QTL implicating Ace here is most likely because our mapping population does not segregate for several of the known functional polymorphisms impacting resistance at Ace, perhaps because our population is derived from flies collected prior to the widespread use of organophosphate insecticides. Our fundamental approach can be an efficient, powerful strategy to dissect genetic variation in resistance traits. Nonetheless, studies seeking to interrogate contemporary insecticide resistance variation may benefit from deriving mapping populations from more recently collected strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of malathion resistance QTL in Drosophila melanogaster using a bulked phenotyping approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Data-Independent Acquisition and Quantification of Extracellular Matrix from Human Lung in Chronic Inflammation-Associated Carcinomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.503012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early events associated with chronic inflammation and cancer involve significant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which greatly affects its composition and functional properties. Using lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), a chronic inflammation-associated cancer (CIAC), we optimized a robust proteomic pipeline to discover potential biomarker signatures and protein changes specifically in the stroma. We combined ECM enrichment from fresh human tissues, data-independent acquisition strategies, and stringent statistical processing to analyze  Tumor and matched adjacent histologically normal ( Matched Normal) tissues from patients with LSCC. Overall, 1,802 protein groups were quantified with at least two unique peptides, and 56% of those proteins were annotated as  extracellular. Confirming dramatic ECM remodeling during CIAC progression, 529 proteins were significantly altered in the  Tumor compared to  Matched Normal tissues. The signature was typified by a coordinated loss of basement membrane proteins and small leucine-rich proteins. The dramatic increase in the stromal levels of SERPINH1/heat shock protein 47, that was discovered using our ECM proteomic pipeline, was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of  Tumor and  Matched Normal tissues, obtained from an independent cohort of LSCC patients. This integrated workflow provided novel insights into ECM remodeling during CIAC progression, and identified potential biomarker signatures and future therapeutic targets.

Statement of significance of the studyThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex scaffolding network composed of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagens, which binds soluble factors and, most importantly, significantly impacts cell fate and function. Alterations of ECM homeostasis create a microenvironment promoting tumor formation and progression, therefore deciphering molecular details of aberrant ECM remodeling is essential. Here, we present a multi-laboratory and refined proteomic workflow, featuring i) the prospective collection of tumor and matched histologically normal tissues from patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, ii) the enrichment for ECM proteins, and iii) subsequent label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantification. DIA is a powerful strategy to comprehensively profile and quantify all detectable precursor ions contained in the biological samples, with high quantification accuracy and reproducibility. When combined with very stringent statistical cutoffs, this unbiased strategy succeeded in capturing robust and highly confident proteins changes associated with cancer, despite biological variability between individuals. This label-free quantification workflow provided the flexibility required for ongoing prospective studies. Discussions with clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, and cancer biologists represent an opportunity to interrogate the DIA digitalized maps of the samples for newly formulated questions and hypotheses, thus gaining insights into the continuum of the disease and opening the path to novel ECM-targeted therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen-Tanyolac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fels Elliott, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Broin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basisty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangwan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camilleri-Broet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tankel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gascard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tlsty, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.503012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Data-Independent Acquisition and Quantification of Extracellular Matrix from Human Lung in Chronic Inflammation-Associated Carcinomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soil variation among natural habitats alters glucosinolate content in a wild perennial mustard 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.16.504215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Baseline levels of glucosinolates--important defensive phytochemicals in Brassicaceous plants--are determined by both genotype and the environment. However, the ecological causes of glucosinolate plasticity are not well characterized. Fertilization is known to alter glucosinolate content of Brassica crops, but the effect of naturally-occurring soil variation on glucosinolate content of wild plants is unknown. Here, we conduct greenhouse experiments using Boechera stricta to ask 1) whether soil variation among natural habitats shapes leaf and root glucosinolate profiles; 2) whether such changes are caused by abiotic soil properties, soil microbes, or both; and 3) whether soil-induced glucosinolate plasticity is genetically variable.

Total glucosinolate quantity differed up to two-fold between soils from different natural habitats, while the relative amounts of different compounds was less responsive. This effect was due to physico-chemical soil properties rather than microbial communities. We detected modest genetic variation for glucosinolate plasticity in response to soil. In addition, glucosinolate composition, but not quantity, of field-grown plants could be accurately predicted from measurements from greenhouse-grown plants. In summary, soil alone is sufficient to cause plasticity of baseline glucosinolate levels in natural plant populations, which may have implications for the evolution of this important trait across complex landscapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell-Olds, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.16.504215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soil variation among natural habitats alters glucosinolate content in a wild perennial mustard]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic Insight into AP-Endonuclease 1 Cleavage of Abasic Sites at Stalled Replication Forks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.22.504733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.Many types of DNA damage stall replication fork progression, including abasic sites. AP-Endonuclease 1 (APE1) has been shown to cleave abasic sites in ssDNA substrates. Importantly, APE1 cleavage of ssDNA at a replication fork has significant biological implications by generating double strand breaks that could collapse the replication fork. Despite this, the molecular basis and efficiency of APE1 processing abasic sites at a replication fork remains elusive. Here, we investigate APE1 cleavage of several abasic substrates that mimic potential APE1 interactions at replication forks. We determine that APE1 has robust activity on these substrates, similar to dsDNA, and report rapid rates for cleavage and product release. X-ray crystal structures visualize the APE1 active site, highlighting that a similar mechanism is used to process ssDNA substrates as canonical APE1 activity on dsDNA. However, mutational analysis reveals R177 to be uniquely critical for the APE1 ssDNA cleavage mechanism. Additionally, we investigate the interplay between APE1 and Replication Protein A (RPA), the major ssDNA-binding protein at replication forks, revealing that APE1 can cleave an abasic site while RPA is still bound to the DNA substrate. Together, this work provides molecular level insights into abasic ssDNA processing by APE1, including the presence of RPA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hoitsma, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khoang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaushik, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antony, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedglin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.22.504733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic Insight into AP-Endonuclease 1 Cleavage of Abasic Sites at Stalled Replication Forks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505154v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying climatic drivers of hybridization in Heuchereae (Saxifragaceae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.24.505154v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Applications of molecular phylogenetic approaches have uncovered evidence of hybridization across numerous clades of life, yet the environmental factors responsible for driving opportunities for hybridization remain obscure. Verbal models implicating geographic range shifts that brought species together during the Pleistocene have often been invoked, but quantitative tests using paleoclimatic data are needed to validate these models. Here, we produce a phylogeny for Heuchereae, a clade of 15 genera and 83 species in Saxifragaceae, with complete sampling of recognized species, using 277 nuclear loci and nearly complete chloroplast genomes. We then employ an improved framework with a coalescent simulation approach to test and ultimately confirm previous hybridization hypotheses and identify one new intergeneric hybridization event. Focusing on the North American distribution of Heuchereae, we introduce and implement a newly developed approach to reconstruct potential past distributions for ancestral lineages across all species in the clade and across a paleoclimatic record extending from the late Pliocene. Time calibration based on both nuclear and chloroplast trees recovers a mid- to late-Pleistocene date for most inferred hybridization events, a timeframe concomitant with repeated geographic range restriction into overlapping refugia. Our results indicate an important role for past episodes of climate change, and the contrasting responses of species with differing ecological strategies, in generating novel patterns of range contact among plant communities and therefore new opportunities for hybridization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Folk, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaynor, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engle-Wrye, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Meara, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltis, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltis, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guralnick, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuyama, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.24.505154</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying climatic drivers of hybridization in Heuchereae (Saxifragaceae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505203v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of a novel estrogen- and progesterone-responsive endometrial cancer cell line: HCI-EC-23 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.25.505203v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most endometrial cancers express the hormone receptor estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and are driven by excess estrogen signaling. However, evaluation of the estrogen response in endometrial cancer cells has been limited by the availability of hormonally responsive in vitro models, with one cell line, Ishikawa, being used in most studies. Here, we describe a novel, adherent endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) cell line model, HCI-EC-23. We show that HCI-EC-23 retains ER expression and that ER functionally responds to estrogen induction over a range of passages. We also demonstrate that this cell line retains paradoxical activation of ER by tamoxifen, which is also observed in Ishikawa and is consistent with clinical data. The mutational landscape shows that HCI-EC-23 is mutated at many of the commonly altered genes in EEC, has relatively few copy-number alterations, and is microsatellite instable high (MSI-high). In vitro proliferation of HCI-EC-23 is strongly reduced upon combination estrogen and progesterone treatment. HCI-EC-23 exhibits strong estrogen dependence for tumor growth in vivo and tumor size is reduced by combination estrogen and progesterone treatment. Molecular characterization of estrogen induction in HCI-EC-23 revealed hundreds of estrogen-responsive genes that significantly overlapped with those regulated in Ishikawa. Analysis of ER genome binding identified similar patterns in HCI-EC-23 and Ishikawa, although ER exhibited more bound sites in Ishikawa. This study demonstrates that HCI-EC-23 is an estrogen- and progesterone-responsive cell line model that can be used to study the hormonal aspects of endometrial cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rush, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanchard, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polaski, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborne, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vahrenkamp, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lum, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagan, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pufall, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiel, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gertz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.25.505203</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of a novel estrogen- and progesterone-responsive endometrial cancer cell line: HCI-EC-23]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.505999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Habitat use differences mediate anthropogenic threat exposure in white sturgeon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.505999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding intraspecific variation in habitat use, particularly of long-lived fishes across multiple life history stages, is core to improved conservation management. Here, we present results from a synthesis of acoustic telemetry data for large juvenile and adult white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) from 2010 to 2017 in the San Francisco Estuary and Sacramento River ecosystems. We focused primarily on uncovering spatial patterns of inferred habitat occupancy across life stages, and on linking habitat use to population threats. We found substantial differences in habitat use across individuals and over time that was related to fish age class. However, differences in habitat use were not explained by fish sex or water year flow conditions. We estimated an index of angling exposure, which showed that fish entering reproductive maturity, which historically were of harvestable size, were detected less often than other sizes in areas with high angler pressure, suggesting possible behavioral avoidance of areas of high angler pressure. Additionally, we used historical data to evaluate potential exposure of white sturgeon to a severe red tide event in late summer 2022. We found that >50% of reproductive-age fish may have been residing in areas affected by the red tide. Future monitoring and management of white sturgeon might benefit from examining multiple phases of white sturgeon life history. For example, additional tracking studies could improve understanding of juvenile habitat use, adult survival rates, patterns of anadromy, and cross-basin habitat utilization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walter, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colborne, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Donnell, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombs, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steel, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fangue, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rypel, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.505999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Habitat use differences mediate anthropogenic threat exposure in white sturgeon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metadata preservation and stewardship for genomic data is possible, but must happen now 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.12.507034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic diversity within species represents a fundamental yet underappreciated level of biodiversity. Because genetic diversity can indicate species and population resilience to changing climate, its measurement is relevant to many national and global conservation policy targets. Many studies of evolutionary biology, molecular ecology and conservation genetics produce large amounts of genome-scale genetic diversity data for wild populations. While open data policies have ensured an abundance of freely available genomic data stored in the databases of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC), only about 13% of current accessions have the associated spatial and temporal metadata in INSDC necessary to be reused in monitoring programs, macrogenetic studies, or for acknowledging the sovereignty of nations or Indigenous Peoples. We undertook a "distributed datathon" to quantify the availability of these missing metadata in sources external to the INSDC and to test the hypothesis that these metadata decay with time. We also worked to remediate these missing metadata by extracting them, when present, from associated published papers, online repositories, and/or from direct communication with authors. Starting with 848 programmatically identified candidate datasets (INSDC BioProjects), we manually determined that 561 contained samples from wild populations. We successfully restored spatiotemporal metadata (locality name and/or geospatial coordinates and collection year) for 78% of these 561 datasets (N = 440 BioProjects comprising 45,105 individuals or BioSamples from 762 species in 17 phyla). We also quantified the availability of 33 additional categories of metadata in sources external to the INSDC. Information about associated publications and the type of habitat from which the samples were taken was the most easily found; information about sampling permits was the most challenging to locate. Looking at papers and online repositories was much more fruitful than contacting authors, who only replied to our email requests 45% of the time. Overall, 23% of our email queries to authors discovered useful metadata. Importantly, we found that the probability of retrieving spatiotemporal metadata declines significantly with the age of the dataset, with a 13.5% yearly decrease for metadata located in published papers or online repositories and up to a 22% yearly decrease for metadata that were only available from authors. This observable metadata decay, mirrored in studies of other types of biological data, should motivate swift updates to data sharing policies and researcher practices to ensure that the valuable context provided by metadata is not lost forever.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crandall, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toczydlowski, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liggins, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmes, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoojaei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaither, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wham, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritt, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barton, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berg, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beskid, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Himmelsbach, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queeno, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trinh, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weyand, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riginos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradburd, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toonen, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.12.507034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metadata preservation and stewardship for genomic data is possible, but must happen now]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular engineering of a cryptic epitope in Spike RBD improves manufacturability and neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a continued need for sarbecovirus vaccines that can be manufactured and distributed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Subunit protein vaccines are manufactured at large scales at low costs, have less stringent temperature requirements for distribution in LMICs, and several candidates have shown protection against SARS-CoV-2. We previously reported an engineered variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain antigen (RBD-L452K-F490W; RBD-J) with enhanced manufacturability and immunogenicity compared to the ancestral RBD. Here, we report a second-generation engineered RBD antigen (RBD-J6) with two additional mutations to a hydrophobic cryptic epitope in the RBD core, S383D and L518D, that further improved expression titers and biophysical stability. RBD-J6 retained binding affinity to human convalescent sera and to all tested neutralizing antibodies except antibodies that target the class IV epitope on the RBD core. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice immunized with three doses of a Beta variant of RBD-J6 displayed on a virus-like particle (VLP) generated neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to nine SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern at similar levels as two doses of Comirnaty. The vaccinated mice were also protected from challenge with Alpha or Beta SARS-CoV-2. This engineered antigen could be useful for modular RBD-based subunit vaccines to enhance manufacturability and global access, or for further development of variant-specific or broadly acting booster vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Aponte, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naranjo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajoria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russ, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cyphert, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajurkar, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lothe, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaligram, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batwal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandrasekaran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleanthous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevere, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damron, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.507842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular engineering of a cryptic epitope in Spike RBD improves manufacturability and neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer cells communicate with macrophages to prevent T cell activation during development of cell cycle therapy resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer cells evolve, acquire resistance to therapy and change their environment. One resistance mechanism involves altering communication with non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By corrupting the signals for growth and survival, evolving cancer cells can engineer a pro-tumor TME. However, the specific interactions between malignant and non-malignant cells that predispose drug resistance and their changes during treatment remain widely unknown. Here we examine the composition, communication, and phenotypic diversity of tumor-associated cell populations in serial biopsies from early-stage ER+ breast cancers. These patients received either endocrine therapy (letrozole) alone or in combination with a CDK4/6 cell cycle inhibitor ribociclib, and were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Our analyses reveal cancer cells from ribociclib resistant tumors stimulate macrophage differentiation towards an immune-suppressive phenotype through upregulation of a broad diversity of cytokines and growth factors. This shift in phenotype leads to reduced macrophage cell IL-15/-18 crosstalk with CD8+ T-cell via IL-2/15RA/18R receptors, resulting in diminished T-cell activation and recruitment. Thus, cancer communication promoting an immune-cold TME predispose tumors to develop CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, and that the beneficial effects of cell cycle inhibitors through blocking cancer cell proliferation must be balanced against their known inhibitory effect on immune cell division and activation. An optimal treatment strategy will require coupling the prevention of cancer division with activation of an effective cytotoxic T-cell response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffiths, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina Castaneda, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adler, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bild, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.507931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer cells communicate with macrophages to prevent T cell activation during development of cell cycle therapy resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training across tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms throughout a whole organism are incompletely understood. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) profiled the temporal transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, lipidome, phosphoproteome, acetylproteome, ubiquitylproteome, epigenome, and immunome in whole blood, plasma, and 18 solid tissues in Rattus norvegicus over 8 weeks of endurance exercise training. The resulting data compendium encompasses 9466 assays across 19 tissues, 25 molecular platforms, and 4 training time points in young adult male and female rats. We identified thousands of shared and tissue- and sex-specific molecular alterations. Temporal multi-omic and multi-tissue analyses demonstrated distinct patterns of tissue remodeling, with widespread regulation of immune, metabolism, heat shock stress response, and mitochondrial pathways. These patterns provide biological insights into the adaptive responses to endurance training over time. For example, exercise training induced heart remodeling via altered activity of the Mef2 family of transcription factors and tyrosine kinases. Translational analyses revealed changes that are consistent with human endurance training data and negatively correlated with disease, including increased phospholipids and decreased triacylglycerols in the liver. Sex differences in training adaptation were widespread, including those in the brain, adrenal gland, lung, and adipose tissue. Integrative analyses generated novel hypotheses of disease relevance, including candidate mechanisms that link training adaptation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular health, and tissue injury and recovery. The data and analysis results presented in this study will serve as valuable resources for the broader community and are provided in an easily accessible public repository (https://motrpac-data.org/).

HighlightsO_LIMulti-tissue resource identifies 35,439 analytes regulated by endurance exercise training at 5% FDR across 211 combinations of tissues and molecular platforms.
C_LIO_LIInterpretation of systemic and tissue-specific molecular adaptations produced hypotheses to help describe the health benefits induced by exercise.
C_LIO_LIRobust sex-specific responses to endurance exercise training are observed across multiple organs at the molecular level.
C_LIO_LIDeep multi-omic profiling of six tissues defines regulatory signals for tissue adaptation to endurance exercise training.
C_LIO_LIAll data are available in a public repository, and processed data, analysis results, and code to reproduce major analyses are additionally available in convenient R packages.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MoTrPAC Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Beltran, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almagro Armenteros, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avila-Pacheco, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bararpour, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clish, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutter, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasari, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerszten, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodyear, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkayeva, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivanova, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachman, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshishian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraus, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lira, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Many, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marwaha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muehlbauer, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan Raja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newgard, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortlund, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pie</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training across tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509449v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic Variation in Chromatin State Across Multiple Tissues in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509449v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We use ATAC-seq to examine chromatin accessibility for four different tissues in Drosophila melanogaster: adult female brain, ovaries, and both wing and eye-antennal imaginal discs from males. Each tissue is assayed in eight different inbred strain genetic backgrounds, seven associated with a reference quality genome assembly. We develop a method for the quantile normalization of ATAC-seq fragments and test for differences in coverage among genotypes, tissues, and their interaction at 44099 peaks throughout the euchromatic genome. For the strains with reference quality genome assemblies, we correct ATAC-seq profiles for read mis-mapping due to nearby polymorphic structural variants (SVs). Comparing coverage among genotypes without accounting for SVs results in a highly elevated rate (55%) of identifying false positive differences in chromatin state between genotypes. After SV correction, we identify 1050, 30383, and 4508 regions whose peak heights are polymorphic among genotypes, among tissues, or exhibit genotype-by-tissue interactions, respectively. Finally, we identify 3988 candidate causative variants that explain at least 80% of the variance in chromatin state at nearby ATAC-seq peaks.

AUTHOR SUMMARYChromatin states are well described in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, but adult and pre-adult tissues are poorly studied, as are differences among genotypes. We carried out ATAC-seq on four different tissues in eight different inbred genotypes with biological replicates within tissue and genotype. We discover that apparent differences in coverage, and by inference chromatin openness, are often due to segregating structural variants (SVs) that can only be corrected for if strains are associated with high-quality genome assemblies. After correction for false positives associated with SVs, we identify thousands of regions that appear to vary in chromatin state between genotypes or vary between genotypes in a tissue-dependent manner. It has been widely speculated that cis-regulatory variants contribute to standing variation in complex traits. If this is true, chromatin states that vary between individuals, perhaps in a tissue-dependent manner, are likely to be enriched for quantitative trait loci.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huynh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509449</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic Variation in Chromatin State Across Multiple Tissues in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological hallmarks of allostery at the M4 muscarinic receptor elucidated through structure and dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a major paradigm in drug discovery. Despite decades of research, a molecular level understanding of the general principals that govern the myriad pharmacological effects exerted by GPCR allosteric modulators remains limited. The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) is a well-validated and clinically relevant allosteric drug target for several major psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Here, we present high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of the M4 mAChR bound to a cognate Gi1 protein and the high affinity agonist, iperoxo, in the absence and presence of two different positive allosteric modulators, LY2033298 or VU0467154. We have also determined the structure of the M4 mAChR-Gi1 complex bound to its endogenous agonist, acetylcholine (ACh). Structural comparisons, together with molecular dynamics, mutagenesis, and pharmacological validations, have provided in-depth insights into the role of structure and dynamics in orthosteric and allosteric ligand binding, global mechanisms of receptor activation, cooperativity, probe-dependence, and species variability; all key hallmarks underpinning contemporary GPCR drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vuckovic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mobbs, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belousoff, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burger, W. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeasmin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Westhuizen, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khajehali, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glukhova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wootten, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsley, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tobin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sexton, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valant, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopoulos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thal, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological hallmarks of allostery at the M4 muscarinic receptor elucidated through structure and dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acclimating to degraded environments: The social rationale for swift action on restoration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.27.509807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As environmental degradation progresses, economies and societies adapt to the loss of ecosystem services and public attention to degradation subsides. In systems experiencing such societal acclimation to degradation, net incentives for stakeholder mitigation peak during early degradation phases and subside over time. Using harmful algae blooms in western Lake Erie as a case study, we illustrate how declines in public attention and societal reliance on lake recreation (i.e., finding recreation alternatives) reduce the incentives for stakeholders to reduce pollution runoff (i.e., mitigation efforts throughout the watershed). We then analyze how acclimation can affect a broad array of conservation challenges by developing a general socio-ecological model of societal response to degradation. We find that delays in initiating stakeholder-driven mitigation efforts can exponentially prolong restoration projects. Furthermore, when alleviating intense degradation relies upon voluntary commitments by many individuals, windows of opportunity for mitigation can be very limited because feedback loops of societal adaptation doom late restoration efforts to failure and lock human-environment systems into degraded states. These windows of opportunity can be particularly narrow when a) stakeholder mitigation requires supportive public opinion or b) even modestly valuable alternative services are available in degraded ecosystems. In such cases, maintaining undegraded human-environment regimes may hinge on quickly initiating stakeholder mitigation movements and allocating limited government conservation funds soon after degradation begins instead of spreading mitigation efforts out over decades. Such initiatives, regardless of whether acclimation is slow or rapid in a given system, also greatly accelerate the pace of environmental restoration.

Significance StatementAs societies acclimate to degraded environments, mitigation efforts that hinge on action by many stakeholders can erode. Developing a socio-ecological model of acclimation, we reveal how social and environmental processes intertwine to create alternative stable socio-ecological regimes, with either: 1) undegraded ecosystem states sustained by widespread mitigation adoption, or 2) degraded states where societies neither maintain nor continue relying on traditional, local ecosystem services. This dynamic places a premium on prompt mitigation efforts, which may face narrow opportunity windows to get started and avert degraded regimes in systems that rely on stakeholder-driven mitigation. Moreover, in any system requiring stakeholder action, societal acclimation will increase the importance of early action because decaying mitigation incentives exponentially lengthen restoration efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karatayev, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webster, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Axelrod, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauch, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.27.509807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acclimating to degraded environments: The social rationale for swift action on restoration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cnidarian phylogenomic tree fitted with hundreds of 18S leaves 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cnidarians are critical members of aquatic communities and have been an experimental system for a diversity of research areas ranging from development to biomechanics to global change biology. Yet we still lack a well-resolved, taxonomically balanced, cnidarian tree of life to place this research in appropriate phylogenetic context. To move towards this goal, we combined data from 26 new anthozoan transcriptomes with 86 previously published cnidarian and outgroup datasets to generate two 748-locus alignments containing 123,051 (trimmed) and 449,935 (untrimmed) amino acids. We estimated maximum likelihood phylogenies for both matrices under partitioned and unpartitioned site-homogeneous and site-heterogenous models of substitution. We used the resulting topology to constrain a phylogenetic analysis of 1,814 small subunit ribosomal (18S) gene sequences from GenBank. Our results confirm the position of Ceriantharia (tube-dwelling anemones), a historically recalcitrant group, as sister to the rest of Hexacorallia across all phylogenies regardless of data matrix or model choice. We also find unanimous support for the sister relationship of Endocnidozoa and Medusozoa and propose the name Operculozoa for the clade uniting these taxa. Our 18S hybrid phylogeny provides insight into relationships of 15% of extant taxa. Together these data are an invaluable resource for comparative cnidarian research and provide perspective to guide future refinement of cnidarian systematics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeBiasse, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckenmeyer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macrander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babonis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentlage, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitzel, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stampar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.510641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cnidarian phylogenomic tree fitted with hundreds of 18S leaves]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Zebrafish screen of high-confidence targets at insomnia GWAS loci implicates MEIS1, SKIV2L, and ARFGAP2 as conserved regulators of sleep-wake behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent large-scale human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for insomnia have identified more than 200 significant loci. The functional relevance of these loci to the pathogenesis of insomnia is largely unknown. GWAS signals are typically non-coding variants, which are often arbitrarily annotated to the nearest protein-coding gene; however, due to 3D chromatin structure, variants can interact with more distal genes driving their function. The distal gene may, therefore, represent the true causal gene influencing the phenotype. By integrating our high-resolution chromatin interaction maps from neural progenitor cells with phenotypic data from a Drosophila RNAi screen, we prioritized candidate genes that we hypothesized would have deep phylogenetic conservation of sleep function. To determine the conservation of these candidate genes in the context of vertebrate sleep and their relevance to insomnia-like behaviors, we performed CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis in larval zebrafish for six highly conserved candidate genes and examined sleep-wake behaviors using automated video-tracking. CRISPR mutation of zebrafish orthologs of MEIS1 and SKIV2L produced insomnia-like behaviors, while mutation of ARFGAP2 impaired activity and development in our larval zebrafish model, demonstrating the importance of performing functional validation of GWAS-implicated effector genes to reveal genes influencing disease-relevant mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doldur-Balli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keenan, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, Z. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palermo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sonti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pahl, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pippin, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzotti, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veatch, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gehrman, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grant, S. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pack, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.511011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Zebrafish screen of high-confidence targets at insomnia GWAS loci implicates MEIS1, SKIV2L, and ARFGAP2 as conserved regulators of sleep-wake behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broad-scale factors shaping the ecological niche and geographic distribution of Spirodela polyrhiza 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The choice of appropriate independent variables to create models characterizing ecological niches of species is of critical importance in distributional ecology. This set of dimensions in which a niche is defined can inform about what factors limit the distributional potential of a species. We used a multistep approach to select relevant variables for modeling the ecological niche of the aquatic Spirodela polyrriza, taking into account variability arising from using distinct algorithms, calibration areas, and spatial resolutions of variables. We found that, even after an initial selection of meaningful variables, the final set of variables selected based on statistical inference varied considerably depending on the combination of algorithm, calibration area, and spatial resolution used. However, variables representing extreme temperatures and dry periods were more consistently selected than others, highlighting their importance in shaping the distribution of this species. Other variables related to seasonality of solar radiation, summer solar radiation, and some soil proxies of nutrients in water, were selected commonly but not as frequently as the ones mentioned above. We suggest that the these later variables are also important to understanding the distributional potential of the species, but that their effects may be less pronounced at the scale at which they are represented for the needs of this type of modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.18.512760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broad-scale factors shaping the ecological niche and geographic distribution of Spirodela polyrhiza]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genetic basis of variation immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if the populations were founded by relatively small numbers of genotypes. Similarly, the genetic causes of phenotypic variation among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely different or only partially overlapping. Differences in genetic causes for variation in the same trait among populations suggests considerable context dependence for how selection might act on those traits. Similarities in the genetic causes of variation for different traits, on the other hand, suggests pleiotropy which also would influence how natural selection would shape variation in a trait. We characterized immune defense against a natural Drosophila pathogen, the Gram-positive Lysinibacillus fusiformis, in three different populations and found almost no overlap in the genetic architecture of variation in survival post infection. However, when comparing our results to a similar experiment with the fungal pathogen, B. bassiana, we found a convincing shared QTL peak for both pathogens. This peak contains the Bomanin cluster of Drosophila immune effectors. RNAi knockdown experiments confirms a role of some of these genes in immune defense against both pathogens. This suggests that natural selection may act on the entire cluster of Bomanin genes (and the linked region under the QTL) or specific peptides for specific pathogens.

Author SummaryLike most traits, the way individuals respond to infection vary among individuals within a population. Some of this variation is caused by genetic differences in the host organism. Over the past decade, two prominent resources were developed to assess genetic variation for complex traits of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and map the genetic variants responsible. We recently described a strain of Lysinibacillus fusiformis bacteria, which was isolated from fruit flies and is moderately virulent when flies are infected. We mapped genetic variation in resistance L. fusiformis using these mapping resources. We find that among the resources, different changes were associated with immune defense. However, we also found that within a resource, the same region of the genome was associated with resistance to both L. fusiformis and a fungal pathogen. These results suggest that different populations adapt differently to the same pathogens, but two distinct pathogens share similar causes of genetic variation within a single population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patch, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genetic basis of variation immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergence and divergence of the adaptive landscape in two ecologically similar and sympatric damselfly species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following the development of regression-based methods to estimate natural and sexual selection, evolutionary biologists have quantified the strength, mode and direction of selection in natural populations. Although this approach has been successful, its limitations include lack of replication across species, compromising the generality of the inferences beyond microevolutionary time scales. Here, we carried out a comparative study of selection on wing shape and body size across multiple populations of two closely related and ecologically similar pond damselflies: Enallagma cyathigerum and Ischnura elegans (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). We found weak stabilizing selection on wing shape in both sexes, and no evidence that selection on this trait differed between the species. In contrast, selection on body size was curvilinear in males and directional in females, and they differed in form (males) and intensity (females) between these two species. By analyzing selection on the fine-grained spatial scale, we found that selection on male body size was shaped by the local mating system, and the relationship between mating system characteristics and directional selection was remarkably consistent across these species. Finally, we present a graphical model that links contemporary selection and macroevolution. Based on this model, we conclude that the persistence in ecological modes of life in pond damselflies offers a plausible explanation for why varying selection in nature may still result in a stable adaptive zone lasting millions of years.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Svensson, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frietsch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsuboi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergence and divergence of the adaptive landscape in two ecologically similar and sympatric damselfly species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.514044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repurposing the CRISPR-Cas9 System for Targeted Chromatin O-linked β-N- acetylglucosamine Editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.27.514044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic gene transcription is controlled by many proteins, including the basal transcription machinery, epigenetic chromatin remodeling complexes, and transcription cofactors. Chromatin and genome-mapping consortia identified O-linked {beta}-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) as an abundant chromatin post-translational modification involved in numerous transcriptional processes, including RNA polymerase function, epigenetic dynamics, and transcription factor activity. Thus, O-GlcNAc regulation of cis-regulatory elements is essential for proper gene expression. O-GlcNAc is a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar attached to serine or threonine residues in nuclear, cytoplasmic, or mitochondrial proteins. Two enzymes cycle O-GlcNAc on or off protein; O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) adds the modification, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) removes it. O-GlcNAcylation responds to inputs from multiple metabolic and stress pathways including glucose, amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleotide metabolism. Therefore, O-GlcNAc acts as a sensor of cellular homeostasis able to link environmental conditions with gene transcription; however, decoding the precise function of millions of O-GlcNAc regulated elements remains challenging. Technologies to readily manipulate O-GlcNAcylation at specific cis-regulatory elements for functional analysis without pleiotropic consequences are lacking. We have employed novel CRISPR-based gene targeting tools to probe the function of O-GlcNAc regulated cis-elements. First, we developed a programmable CRISPR-Cas9-based targeting system. This was accomplished by fusing a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) to O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which allows for highly specific O-GlcNAc manipulation at chromatin cis-regulatory elements. Previously, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc plays a role in regulating human A{gamma}-globin gene expression by regulating CHD4 function and the formation of the NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase) complex at the -566 GATA repressor-binding site. Thus, as a proof of principle and to further explore the function of O-GlcNAc in{gamma} -globin gene transcription, we targeted both dCas9-OGT and -OGA fusion proteins to the A{gamma}-globin gene promoter. When dCas9-OGT or dCas9-OGA was targeted to the -566 GATA silencer site of the A{gamma}-globin promoter, gene expression decreased or increased, respectively. This data strongly correlates with our previous findings and implicates O-GlcNAc cycling in{gamma} -globin gene regulation. Importantly, this method can be employed to investigate O-GlcNAc events known to exist within the eukaryotic genome in a highly specific manner. Together, this tool will be fundamental in elucidating the function of O-GlcNAc in gene transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parker, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brautman, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedosyuk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.27.514044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repurposing the CRISPR-Cas9 System for Targeted Chromatin O-linked β-N- acetylglucosamine Editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-species activation of hydrogen cyanide production by a promiscuous quorum-sensing receptor promotes Chromobacterium subtsugae competition in a dual-species model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many saprophytic bacteria have LuxR-I-type acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing systems that may be important for competing with other bacteria in complex soil communities. LuxR AHL receptors specifically interact with cognate AHLs to cause changes in expression of target genes. Some LuxR-type AHL receptors have relaxed specificity and are responsive to non-cognate AHLs. These promiscuous receptors might be used to sense and respond to AHLs produced by other bacteria by eavesdropping. We are interested in understanding the role of eavesdropping during interspecies competition. The soil saprophyte Chromobacterium subtsugae has a single AHL circuit, CviR-I, which produces and responds to N-hexanoyl-HSL (C6-HSL). The AHL receptor CviR can respond to a variety of AHLs in addition to C6-HSL. In prior studies we have utilized a coculture model with C. subtsugae and another soil saprophyte Burkholderia thailandensis. Using this model, we previously showed that promiscuous activation of CviR by B. thailandensis AHLs provides a competitive advantage to C. subtsugae. Here, we show that B. thailandensis AHLs activate transcription of dozens of genes in C. subtsugae, including the hcnABC genes coding for production of hydrogen cyanide. We show that hydrogen cyanide production is population density-dependent and demonstrate that the cross-induction of hydrogen cyanide by B. thailandensis AHLs provides a competitive advantage to C. subtsugae. Our results provide new information on C. subtsugae quorum sensing and are the basis for future studies aimed at understanding the role of eavesdropping in interspecies competition.

IMPACT STATEMENTIn quorum sensing, population density-dependent changes in gene regulation are the result of a cytoplasmic transcription regulator binding to a quorum sensing signal. The signal-receptor interaction is considered to be specific to ensure fidelity of the system. However, some quorum-sensing receptor proteins have relaxed specificity and can recognize and respond to a range of signals. These promiscuous receptors might provide some benefit by enabling interspecies activation of quorum sensing by "eavesdropping," although the potential benefits of eavesdropping are not well studied. The current study utilizes a dual-species laboratory competition model, where one species has a promiscuous signal receptor and can respond to signals produced by the other species. In our study, we identify the signals that enable quorum sensing cross talk and show that cross talk promotes competition by inducing hydrogen cyanide production. Our results highlight how quorum sensing-enabled interspecies cross talk might provide an advantage during competition and provide a new basis for understanding how receptor-signal pairs might evolve in natural environments.

DATA SUMMARYThe authors confirm all supporting data, code and protocols have been provided within the article or through supplementary data files.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koirala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benomar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parisi, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-species activation of hydrogen cyanide production by a promiscuous quorum-sensing receptor promotes Chromobacterium subtsugae competition in a dual-species model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518297v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Elucidation of a Protective B cell Epitope on Outer Surface Protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borreliella burgdorferi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.28.518297v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer surface protein C (OspC) plays a pivotal role in mediating tick-to-host transmission and infectivity of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borreliella burgdorferi. OspC is a helical-rich homodimer that interacts with tick salivary proteins, as well as components of the mammalian immune system. Several decades ago, it was shown that the OspC-specific monoclonal antibody, B5, was able to passively protect mice from experimental tick-transmitted infection by B. burgdorferi strain B31. However, B5s epitope has never been elucidated, despite widespread interest in OspC as a possible Lyme disease vaccine antigen. Here we report the crystal structure of B5 antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) in complex with recombinant OspC type A (OspCA). Each OspC monomer within the homodimer was bound by a single B5 Fab in a side-on orientation, with contact points along OspCs -helix 1 and -helix 6, as well as interactions with the loop between a-helices 5 and 6. In addition, B5s complementarity-determining region (CDR) H3 bridged the OspC-OspC homodimer interface, revealing the quaternary nature of the protective epitope. To provide insight into the molecular basis of B5 serotype specificity, we solved the crystal structures of recombinant OspC types B and K and compared them to OspCA. This study represents the first structure of a protective B cell epitope on OspC and will aid in the rational design of OspC-based vaccines and therapeutics for Lyme disease.

IMPORTANCEThe spirochete, Borreliella burgdorferi, is the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, the most common tickborne disease in the United States. The spirochete is transmitted to humans during the course of a tick taking a bloodmeal. After B. burgdorferi is deposited into the skin of a human host, it replicates locally and spreads systemically, often resulting in clinical manifestations involving the central nervous system, joints, and/or heart. Antibodies directed against B. burgdorferis outer surface protein C (OspC) are known to block tick-to-host transmission, as well as dissemination of the spirochete within a mammalian host. In this report, we reveal the first atomic structure of one such antibody in complex with OspC. Our results have implications for the design of a Lyme disease vaccine capable to interfering with multiple stages in B. burgdorferi infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rudolph, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haque, H. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weis, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piazza, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejemel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavacini, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbow, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantis, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.28.518297</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Elucidation of a Protective B cell Epitope on Outer Surface Protein C (OspC) of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borreliella burgdorferi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human Y chromosome has been notoriously difficult to sequence and assemble because of its complex repeat structure including long palindromes, tandem repeats, and segmental duplications1-3. As a result, more than half of the Y chromosome is missing from the GRCh38 reference sequence and it remains the last human chromosome to be finished4, 5. Here, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) consortium presents the complete 62,460,029 base pair sequence of a human Y chromosome from the HG002 genome (T2T-Y) that corrects multiple errors in GRCh38-Y and adds over 30 million base pairs of sequence to the reference, revealing the complete ampliconic structures of TSPY, DAZ, and RBMY gene families; 41 additional protein-coding genes, mostly from the TSPY family; and an alternating pattern of human satellite 1 and 3 blocks in the heterochromatic Yq12 region. We have combined T2T-Y with a prior assembly of the CHM13 genome4 and mapped available population variation, clinical variants, and functional genomics data to produce a complete and comprehensive reference sequence for all 24 human chromosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rhie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cechova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altemose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hook, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautiainen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrov, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bzikadze, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diekhans, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flicek, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Formenti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fungtammasan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Giron, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrison, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gershman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grady, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guarracino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haggerty, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halabian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haukness, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hourlier, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesharwani, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logsdon, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makalowski,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inducible CRISPRi-based operon silencing and selective in trans gene complementation in Borrelia burgdorferi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To accelerate genetic studies on the Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, we developed an enhanced CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) approach for IPTG-inducible repression of specific B. burgdorferi genes. The entire system is encoded on a compact 11-kb shuttle vector plasmid that allows for inducible expression of both the sgRNA module and a non-toxic codon-optimized dCas9 protein. We validated this CRISPRi system by targeting the genes encoding for OspA and OspB, abundant surface lipoproteins co-expressed by a single operon, and FlaB, the major subunit forming the periplasmic flagella. As in other systems, sgRNAs complementary to the non-template strand were consistently effective in gene repression, with 4- to 994-fold reductions in targeted transcript levels and concomitant reductions of in proteins levels. Furthermore, we showed that ospAB knockdowns could be selectively complemented in trans for OspA expression via the insertion of synonymous or non-synonymous CRISPRi-resistant PAM mutant (PAM*) ospA alleles into a unique site within the plasmid. Together, this establishes CRISPRi PAM* as a robust new genetic tool to simplify the study of B. burgdorferi genes, bypassing the need for gene disruptions by allelic exchange and avoiding rare-codon toxicity from heterologous expression of dCas9.

SIGNIFICANCEBorrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a tick-borne pathogen of global importance. Here, we expand the genetic toolbox for studying B. burgdorferi physiology and pathogenesis by establishing a single-plasmid-based CRISPRi system with optional in trans complementation for the functional study of essential and non-essential proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiepen, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peters, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zueckert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inducible CRISPRi-based operon silencing and selective in trans gene complementation in Borrelia burgdorferi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is niche divergence more likely in parapatry? A test in Sclerurus mexicanus sensu lato (Aves: Furnariidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.06.519370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimWhile species niches are understood to diverge through time, the mode of these divergences is not fully understood. The null hypothesis of niche divergence in the present is that of conservatism; that species are likely to occur in the same environment as their ancestors and, therefore, as allopatric sister species. Alternatively, species are expected to diverge when selective pressure, such as parapatry with a congener, occurs. Here, we analyse niche divergence in a mosaic of allo- and parapatric Sclerurus mexicanus sensu lato populations to determine if niche divergence is more likely in parapatry.

LocationNeotropics.

MethodsWe created a dataset of 1,100 vetted localities for S. mexicanus sensu lato, and assigned each point to each of the seven described populations. We created individual dispersal areas for each species in Maxent following: 1) a broad approach in which training areas where allowed to overlap with parapatric congeners; and 2) a narrow approach in which species dispersal areas adhered to strict parapatry and there was no overlap in training areas. We complemented these ENMs with  random models drawn from points within each training area, thus creating  null ENMs against which we could test niche divergence using the metric Schoeners D.

ResultsThere was no significant difference in the performance of broad and narrow training areas. Few significant divergences were found, and all of those that were found consisted of allopatric populations. Partial divergences were frequently recovered when comparing parapatric taxa.

Main conclusionsIn contrast to our expectation, we found no significant evidence for increased niche divergence in parapatric versus allopatric species. Possible explanations for these findings include true conservatism even among parapatric lineages (e.g., additional environmental or biological factors may delimit distributions) or artefactual errors inherent to model creation. We discuss the implications of these findings, and discuss ways to improve upon tests of niche divergence in the future, especially when dealing with cases of parapatry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooper, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barragan Diaz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.06.519370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is niche divergence more likely in parapatry? A test in Sclerurus mexicanus sensu lato (Aves: Furnariidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519365v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metabolomic Profiling to Identify Early Urinary Biomarkers and Metabolic Pathway Alterations in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519365v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the formation of numerous fluid-filled cysts that lead to progressive loss of functional nephrons. Currently, there is an unmet need for diagnostic and prognostic indicators of early stages of the disease. Metabolites were extracted from the urine of early-stage ADPKD patients (n=48) and age- and sex-matched normal controls (n=47) and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis was employed to generate a global metabolomic profile of early ADPKD for the identification of metabolic pathway alterations and discriminatory metabolites as candidates of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The global metabolomic profile exhibited alterations in steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the urea cycle. A panel of 46 metabolite features were identified as candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Notable putative identities of candidate diagnostic biomarkers for early detection include creatinine, cAMP, dCMP, various androgens (testosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3,17,dione, trans-dehydroandrosterone), betaine aldehyde, phosphoric acid, choline, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, and cortisol. Metabolic pathways associated with variable rates of disease progression included steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, vitamin D3 metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, sialic acid metabolism, and chondroitin sulfate and heparin sulfate degradation. A panel of 41 metabolite features were identified as candidate prognostic biomarkers. Notable putative identities of candidate prognostic biomarkers include ethanolamine, C20:4 anandamide phosphate, progesterone, various androgens (5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, epiandrosterone), betaine aldehyde, inflammatory lipids (eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, stearolic acid), and choline. Our exploratory data support metabolic reprogramming in early ADPKD and demonstrate the ability of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based global metabolomic profiling to detect metabolic pathway alterations as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression of ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hahn, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houske, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glimm, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergstrom, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slipher, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welhaven, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwood, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linse, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>June, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519365</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metabolomic Profiling to Identify Early Urinary Biomarkers and Metabolic Pathway Alterations in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a covert evolutionary pathway between two protein folds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.08.519646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although homologous protein sequences are expected to adopt similar structures, some amino acid substitutions can interconvert -helices and {beta}-sheets. Such fold switching may have occurred over evolutionary history, but supporting evidence has been limited by the: (1) abundance and diversity of sequenced genes, (2) quantity of experimentally determined protein structures, and (3) assumptions underlying the statistical methods used to infer homology. Here, we overcame these barriers by applying multiple statistical methods to a family of ~600,000 bacterial response regulator proteins. We found that their homologous DNA-binding subunits assume divergent structures: helix-turn-helix versus -helix+{beta}-sheet (winged helix). Phylogenetic analyses, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and AlphaFold2 models indicated that amino acid substitutions facilitated a switch from helix-turn-helix into winged helix. This structural transformation likely expanded DNA-binding specificity. Our approach uncovers an evolutionary pathway between two protein folds and provides methodology to identify secondary structure switching in other protein families.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a covert evolutionary pathway between two protein folds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics 2 (LiGaMD2): Improved calculations of ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics with closed protein pocket 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics are critical parameters for drug design. However, it has proven challenging to efficiently predict ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics from molecular simulations due to limited simulation timescales. Protein dynamics especially in the ligand binding pocket often plays an important role in ligand binding. Based on our previously developed Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD), here we present LiGaMD2 in which a selective boost potential was applied to both the ligand and protein residues in the binding pocket to improve sampling of ligand binding and dissociation. To validate the performance of LiGaMD2, the T4 lysozyme (T4L) mutants with open and closed pockets bound by different ligands were chosen as model systems. LiGaMD2 could efficiently capture repetitive ligand dissociation and binding within microsecond simulations of all T4L systems. The obtained ligand binding kinetic rates and free energies agreed well with available experimental values and previous modeling results. Therefore, LiGaMD2 provides an improved approach to sample opening of closed protein pockets for ligand dissociation and binding, thereby allowing for efficient calculations of ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics 2 (LiGaMD2): Improved calculations of ligand binding thermodynamics and kinetics with closed protein pocket]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.520743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin accessibility is a two-tier process regulated by transcription factor pioneering and enhancer activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.20.520743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin accessibility is integral to the process by which transcription factors (TFs) read out cis-regulatory DNA sequences, but it is difficult to differentiate between TFs that drive accessibility and those that do not. Deep learning models that learn complex sequence rules provide an unprecedented opportunity to dissect this problem. Using zygotic genome activation in the Drosophila embryo as a model, we generated high-resolution TF binding and chromatin accessibility data, analyzed the data with interpretable deep learning, and performed genetic experiments for validation. We uncover a clear hierarchical relationship between the pioneer TF Zelda and the TFs involved in axis patterning. Zelda consistently pioneers chromatin accessibility proportional to motif affinity, while patterning TFs augment chromatin accessibility in sequence contexts in which they mediate enhancer activation. We conclude that chromatin accessibility occurs in two phases: one through pioneering, which makes enhancers accessible but not necessarily active, and a second when the correct combination of transcription factors leads to enhancer activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brennan, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weilert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krueger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pampari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A. W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rushlow, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundaje, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.520743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin accessibility is a two-tier process regulated by transcription factor pioneering and enhancer activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Borrelia burgdorferi LptD Homolog Facilitates Flipping of Surface Lipoproteins Through the Spirochetal Outer Membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.21.521298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Borrelia spirochetes are unique among diderm bacteria in their lack of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane (OM) and their abundance of surface-exposed lipoproteins with major roles in transmission, virulence, and pathogenesis. Despite their importance, little is known about how surface lipoproteins are translocated through the periplasm and the OM. In this study, we characterized Borrelia burgdorferi BB0838, a distant homolog of the OM LPS assembly protein LptD. Using a CRISPR interference approach, we showed that BB0838 is essential for cell growth. Upon BB0838 knockdown, sentinel surface lipoprotein OspA was retained in the inner leaflet of the OM, as determined by its inaccessibility to in situ proteolysis but its presence in OM vesicles. The secretion, insertion and topology of the B. burgdorferi OM porin P66 remained unaffected. MudPIT quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of the B. burgdorferi membrane-associated proteome further confirmed the selective periplasmic retention of surface lipoproteins under BB0838 knockdown conditions. Alphafold Multimer modeling predicted a B. burgdorferi LptB2FGCAD complex spanning the periplasm. Together, this indicates that BB0838 facilitates the essential terminal step in a distinctive spirochetal lipoprotein secretion pathway that evolved in parallel to the LPS secretion pathway in gram-negative bacteria. Hence, BB0838/LptDBb represents an attractive target for novel antimicrobials.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zueckert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.21.521298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Borrelia burgdorferi LptD Homolog Facilitates Flipping of Surface Lipoproteins Through the Spirochetal Outer Membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a scientific triumph, the need remains for a globally available vaccine that provides longer-lasting immunity against present and future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Here, we describe DCFHP, a ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine candidate that, when formulated with aluminum hydroxide as the sole adjuvant (DCFHP-alum), elicits potent and durable neutralizing antisera in non-human primates against known VOCs, including Omicron BQ.1, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. Following a booster [~]one year after the initial immunization, DCFHP-alum elicits a robust anamnestic response. To enable global accessibility, we generated a cell line that can enable production of thousands of vaccine doses per liter of cell culture and show that DCFHP-alum maintains potency for at least 14 days at temperatures exceeding standard room temperature. DCFHP-alum has potential as a once-yearly booster vaccine, and as a primary vaccine for pediatric use including in infants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weidenbacher, P. A.- B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanyal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S Arunachalam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontenot, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shirreff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasudevan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feinberg, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villinger, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulendran, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.25.521784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A ferritin-based COVID-19 nanoparticle vaccine that elicits robust, durable, broad-spectrum neutralizing antisera in non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectivity favors hyperactivity leading to synapse loss in amyloidosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While Alzheimers disease (AD) has been extensively studied with a focus on cognitive networks, sensory network dysfunction has received comparatively less attention despite compelling evidence of its significance in both Alzheimers disease patients and mouse models. We recently found that neurons in the primary visual cortex of an AD mouse model expressing human amyloid protein precursor with the Swedish and Indiana mutations (hAPP mutations) exhibit aberrant c-Fos expression and altered synaptic structures at a pre-amyloid plaque stage. However, it is unclear whether aberrant c-Fos expression and synaptic pathology vary across the broader visual network and to what extent c-Fos abnormality in the cortex is inherited through functional connectivity. Using both sexes of 4-6-month AD model mice with hAPP mutations (J20[PDGF-APPSw, Ind]), we found that cortical regions of the visual network show aberrant c-Fos expression and impaired experience-dependent modulation while subcortical regions do not. Interestingly, the average network-wide functional connectivity strength of a brain region in wild type (WT) mice significantly predicts its aberrant c-Fos expression, which in turn correlates with impaired experience-dependent modulation in the AD model. Using in vivo two-photon and ex vivo imaging of presynaptic termini, we observed a subtle yet selective weakening of excitatory cortical synapses in the visual cortex. Intriguingly, the change in the size distribution of cortical boutons in the AD model is downscaled relative to those in WT mice, suggesting that synaptic weakening may reflect an adaptation to aberrant activity. Our observations suggest that cellular and synaptic abnormalities in the AD model represent a maladaptive transformation of the baseline physiological state seen in WT conditions rather than entirely novel and unrelated manifestations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>L'esperance, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGhee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectivity favors hyperactivity leading to synapse loss in amyloidosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
To design or not to design? Comparison of beetle ultraconserved element probe set utility based on phylogenetic distance, breadth, and method of probe design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tailoring ultraconserved element (UCE) probe set design to focal taxa has been demonstrated to improve locus recovery and phylogenomic inference. However, beyond conducting expensive in vitro testing, it remains unclear how best to determine whether an existing UCE probe set is likely to suffice for phylogenomic inference, or if tailored probe design will be desirable. Here we investigate the utility of eight different UCE probe sets for the in silico phylogenomic inference of scarabaeoid beetles. Probe sets tested differed in terms of (1) how phylogenetically distant from Scarabaeoidea taxa those used during probe design are, (2) breadth of phylogenetic inference probe set was designed for, and (3) method of probe design. As part of this study, two new UCE probe sets are produced for the beetle family Scarabaeidae and superfamily Hydrophiloidea. We find that, predictably, probe set utility decreases with increasing phylogenetic distance of design taxa from focal taxa, as well as with narrower breadth of phylogenetic inference probes were designed for. We also confirm previous findings regarding ways to optimize UCE probe design. Finally, we make suggestions regarding assessment of need for de novo probe design and reinforce previous proposed methods for maximizing UCE probe design to improve phylogenomic inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gustafson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glynn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarasov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunter, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.06.522983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[To design or not to design? Comparison of beetle ultraconserved element probe set utility based on phylogenetic distance, breadth, and method of probe design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523326v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.09.523326v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adeshina, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bychkov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowthaman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golemis, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makhov, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillai, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumber, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanicolas, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.09.523326</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ketolysis is Required for the Proper Development and Function of the Somatosensory Nervous System. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.11.523492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketogenic diets are emerging as protective interventions in preclinical and clinical models of somatosensory nervous system disorders. Additionally, dysregulation of succinyl-CoA 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (SCOT, encoded by Oxct1), the fate-committing enzyme in mitochondrial ketolysis, has recently been described in Friedreichs ataxia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the contribution of ketone metabolism in the normal development and function of the somatosensory nervous system remains poorly characterized. We generated sensory neuron-specific, Advillin-Cre knockout of SCOT (Adv-KO-SCOT) mice and characterized the structure and function of their somatosensory system. We used histological techniques to assess sensory neuronal populations, myelination, and skin and spinal dorsal horn innervation. We also examined cutaneous and proprioceptive sensory behaviors with the von Frey test, radiant heat assay, rotarod, and grid-walk tests. Adv-KO-SCOT mice exhibited myelination deficits, altered morphology of putative A{delta} soma from the dorsal root ganglion, reduced cutaneous innervation, and abnormal innervation of the spinal dorsal horn compared to wildtype mice. Synapsin 1-Cre-driven knockout of Oxct1 confirmed deficits in epidermal innervation following a loss of ketone oxidation. Loss of peripheral axonal ketolysis was further associated with proprioceptive deficits, yet Adv-KO-SCOT mice did not exhibit drastically altered cutaneous mechanical and thermal thresholds. Knockout of Oxct1 in peripheral sensory neurons resulted in histological abnormalities and severe proprioceptive deficits in mice. We conclude that ketone metabolism is essential for the development of the somatosensory nervous system. These findings also suggest that decreased ketone oxidation in the somatosensory nervous system may explain the neurological symptoms of Friedreichs ataxia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enders, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasnier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryals, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchalska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.11.523492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ketolysis is Required for the Proper Development and Function of the Somatosensory Nervous System.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria are adaptable organelles with diverse cellular functions critical to whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While chronic endurance exercise training is known to alter mitochondrial activity, these adaptations have not yet been systematically characterized. Here, the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) mapped the longitudinal, multi-omic changes in mitochondrial analytes across 19 tissues in male and female rats endurance trained for 1, 2, 4 or 8 weeks. Training elicited substantial changes in the adrenal gland, brown adipose, colon, heart and skeletal muscle, while we detected mild responses in the brain, lung, small intestine and testes. The colon response was characterized by non-linear dynamics that resulted in upregulation of mitochondrial function that was more prominent in females. Brown adipose and adrenal tissues were characterized by substantial downregulation of mitochondrial pathways. Training induced a previously unrecognized robust upregulation of mitochondrial protein abundance and acetylation in the liver, and a concomitant shift in lipid metabolism. The striated muscles demonstrated a highly coordinated response to increase oxidative capacity, with the majority of changes occurring in protein abundance and post-translational modifications. We identified exercise upregulated networks that are downregulated in human type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis. In both cases HSD17B10, a central dehydrogenase in multiple metabolic pathways and mitochondrial tRNA maturation, was the main hub. In summary, we provide a multi-omic, cross-tissue atlas of the mitochondrial response to training and identify candidates for prevention of disease-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gay, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jean Beltran, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramaker, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natarajan Raja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marwaha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaul, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hershman, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hevener, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burant, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rector, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodpaster, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bodine, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MoTrPAC Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tobramycin adaptation alters the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing-null mutants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.13.523864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the LasR-I quorum sensing system to increase resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin. Paradoxically, lasR-null mutants are commonly isolated from chronic human infections treated with tobramycin, suggesting there may be a mechanism allowing the lasR-null mutants to persist under tobramycin selection. We hypothesized that the effects of inactivating lasR on tobramycin resistance might be dependent on the presence or absence of other gene mutations in that strain, a phenomenon known as epistasis. To test this hypothesis, we inactivated lasR in several highly tobramycin-resistant isolates from long-term evolution experiments. We show that the effects of {Delta}lasR on tobramycin resistance are strain dependent, which is due to a single mutation in the fusA1 gene encoding the translation elongation factor EF-G1A (G61A nucleotide substitution). The fusA1 G61A mutation confers a strong selective advantage to {Delta}lasR mutants under tobramycin treatment. The effects of fusA1 G61A on {Delta}lasR-dependent tobramycin resistance are dependent on the MexXY efflux pump and the MexXY regulator ArmZ. The fusA1 mutation also modulates {Delta}lasR mutant resistance to two other antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. Our results provide a possible explanation for the emergence of lasR-null mutants in clinical isolates and illustrate the importance of epistatic gene interactions in the evolution of quorum sensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abisado-Duquea, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKee, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craddock, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabeen, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.13.523864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tobramycin adaptation alters the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing-null mutants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep Learning Dynamic Allostery of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.15.524128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of human membrane proteins and represent primary targets of [~]1/3 of currently marketed drugs. Allosteric modulators have emerged as more selective drug candidates compared with orthosteric agonists and antagonists. However, many X-ray and cryo-EM structures of GPCRs resolved so far exhibit negligible differences upon binding of positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs). Mechanism of dynamic allosteric modulation in GPCRs remains unclear. In this work, we have systematically mapped dynamic changes in free energy landscapes of GPCRs upon binding of allosteric modulators using the Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), Deep Learning (DL) and free energy prOfiling Workflow (GLOW). A total of 18 available high-resolution experimental structures of allosteric modulator-bound class A and B GPCRs were collected for simulations. A number of 8 computational models were generated to examine selectivity of the modulators by changing their target receptors to different subtypes. All-atom GaMD simulations were performed for a total of 66 {micro}s on 44 GPCR systems in the presence/absence of the modulator. DL and free energy calculations revealed significantly reduced conformational space of GPCRs upon modulator binding. While the modulator-free GPCRs often sampled multiple low-energy conformational states, the NAMs and PAMs confined the inactive and active agonist-G protein-bound GPCRs, respectively, to mostly only one specific conformation for signaling. Such cooperative effects were significantly reduced for binding of the selective modulators to "non-cognate" receptor subtypes in the computational models. Therefore, comprehensive DL of extensive GaMD simulations has revealed a general dynamic mechanism of GPCR allostery, which will greatly facilitate rational design of selective allosteric drugs of GPCRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Do, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.15.524128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep Learning Dynamic Allostery of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the interface of interactions between hosts and microbes and are therefore expected to be fast evolving in a coevolutionary arms race with pathogens. In contrast, previous work demonstrated that one AMP, Metchikowin (Mtk), has a single residue that segregates as either proline (P) or arginine (R) in populations of four different Drosophila species, some of which diverged more than 10 million years ago. The recurrent finding of this polymorphism regardless of geography or host species, coupled with evidence of balancing selection in Drosophila AMPs, suggest there is a distinct functional importance to each allele. The most likely hypotheses involve alleles having specificity to different pathogens or the more potent allele conferring a cost on the host. To assess their functional differences, we created D. melanogaster lines with the P allele, R allele, or Mtk null mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Here, we report results from experiments assessing the two hypotheses using these lines. In males, testing of systemic immune responses to a repertoire of bacteria and fungi demonstrated that the R allele performs as well or better than the P and null alleles with most infections. With some pathogens, however, females show results in contrast with males where Mtk alleles either do not contribute to survival or where the P allele outperforms the R allele. In addition, measurements of life history traits demonstrate that the R allele is more costly in the absence of infection for both sexes. These results provide strong in vivo evidence that differential fitness with or without infection and sex-based functional differences in alleles may be adaptive mechanisms of maintaining immune gene polymorphisms in contrast with expectations of rapid evolution. Therefore, a complex interplay of forces including pathogen species and host sex may lead to balancing selection for immune genotypes. Strikingly, this selection may act on even a single amino acid polymorphism in an AMP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkinson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nevarez-Saenz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.524277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A single amino acid polymorphism in natural Metchnikowin alleles of Drosophila results in systemic immunity and life history tradeoffs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HuR inhibition reduces post-ischemic cardiac remodeling by dampening acute inflammatory gene expression and the innate immune response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.17.524420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the resulting cardiac remodeling is a common cause of heart failure. The RNA binding protein Human Antigen R (HuR) has been previously shown to reduce cardiac remodeling following both I/R and cardiac pressure overload, but the full extent of the HuR-dependent mechanisms within cells of the myocardium have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we applied a novel small molecule inhibitor of HuR to define the functional role of HuR in the acute response to I/R injury and gain a better understanding of the HuR-dependent mechanisms during post-ischemic myocardial remodeling. Our results show an early (two hours post-I/R) increase in HuR activity that is necessary for early inflammatory gene expression by cardiomyocytes in response to I/R. Surprisingly, despite the reductions in early inflammatory gene expression at two hours post-I/R, HuR inhibition has no effect on initial infarct size at 24-hours post-I/R. However, in agreement with previously published work, we do see a reduction in pathological remodeling and preserved cardiac function at two weeks post-I/R upon HuR inhibition. RNA-sequencing analysis of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) at two hours post-LPS treatment to model damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated activation of toll like receptors (TLRs) demonstrates a broad HuR-dependent regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine gene expression in cardiomyocytes. We show that conditioned media from NRVMs pre-treated with HuR inhibitor loses the ability to induce inflammatory gene expression in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) compared to NRVMs treated with LPS alone. Functionally, HuR inhibition in NRVMs also reduces their ability to induce endocrine migration of peripheral blood monocytes in vitro and reduces post-ischemic macrophage infiltration to the heart in vivo. In summary, these results suggest a HuR-dependent expression of pro-inflammatory gene expression by cardiomyocytes that leads to subsequent monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation in the post-ischemic myocardium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Slone, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anthony, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieman, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanisicak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tranter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.17.524420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HuR inhibition reduces post-ischemic cardiac remodeling by dampening acute inflammatory gene expression and the innate immune response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DYRK1A interacts with Tuberous Sclerosis complex and promotes mTORC1 activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DYRK1A, a ubiquitously expressed kinase, is linked to the dominant intellectual developmental disorder, microcephaly and Down syndrome in humans. It regulates numerous cellular processes such as cell cycle, vesicle trafficking and microtubule assembly. DYRK1A is a critical regulator of organ growth; however, how it regulates organ growth is not fully understood. Here, we show that the knockdown of DYRK1A results in reduced cell size, which depends on mTORC1. Using proteomic approaches, we found that DYRK1A interacts with the Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) proteins, namely TSC1 and TSC2, which negatively regulate mTORC1 activation. Further, we show that DYRK1A phosphorylates TSC2 at T1462, a modification known to inhibit TSC activity and promote mTORC1 activity. We also found that the reduced cell growth upon knockdown of DYRK1A can be rescued by overexpression of RHEB, an activator of mTORC1. Our findings suggest that DYRK1A inhibits TSC complex activity through inhibitory phosphorylation on TSC2, thereby promoting mTORC1 activity. Further, using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction as a model, we show that the mnb, the fly homologues of DYRK1A, is rescued by RHEB overexpression, suggesting a conserved role of DYRK1A in TORC1 regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaram, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaiswal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DYRK1A interacts with Tuberous Sclerosis complex and promotes mTORC1 activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-Ischemic Reorganization of Sensory Responses in Cerebral Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.18.524583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensorimotor integration is critical for generating skilled, volitional movements. While stroke tends to impact motor function, there are also often associated sensory deficits that contribute to overall behavioral deficits. Because many of the cortico-cortical projections participating in the generation of volitional movement either target or pass-through primary motor cortex (in rats, caudal forelimb area; CFA), any damage to CFA can lead to a subsequent disruption in information flow. As a result, the loss of sensory feedback is thought to contribute to motor dysfunction even when sensory areas are spared from injury. Previous research has suggested that the restoration of sensorimotor integration through reorganization or de novo neuronal connections is important for restoring function. Our goal was to determine if there was crosstalk between sensorimotor cortical areas with recovery from a primary motor cortex injury. First, we investigated if peripheral sensory stimulation would evoke responses in the rostral forelimb area (RFA), a rodent homologue to premotor cortex. We then sought to identify whether intracortical microstimulation-evoked activity in RFA would reciprocally modify the sensory response. We used seven rats with an ischemic lesion of CFA. Four weeks after injury, the rats forepaw was mechanically stimulated under anesthesia and neural activity was recorded in the cortex. In a subset of trials, a small intracortical stimulation pulse was delivered in RFA either individually or paired with peripheral sensory stimulation. Our results point to post-ischemic connectivity between premotor and sensory cortex that may be related to functional recovery. Premotor recruitment during the sensory response was seen with a peak in spiking within RFA after the peripheral solenoid stimulation despite the damage to CFA. Furthermore, stimulation evoked activity in RFA modulated and disrupted the sensory response in sensory cortex, providing additional evidence for the transmission of premotor activity to sensory cortex and the sensitivity of sensory cortex to premotor cortexs influence. The strength of the modulatory effect may be related to the extent of the injury and the subsequent reshaping of cortical connections in response to network disruption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuchek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borrell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.18.524583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-Ischemic Reorganization of Sensory Responses in Cerebral Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Transcriptomics of Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease using PCK rats 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.19.524760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Congenital hepatic fibrosis / Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (CHF/ARPKD) is an inherited neonatal disease induced by mutations in the PKHD1 gene and characterized by cysts, and robust pericystic fibrosis in liver and kidney. The PCK rat is an excellent animal model which carries a Pkhd1 mutation and exhibits similar pathophysiology. We performed RNA-Seq analysis on liver samples from PCK rats over a time course of postnatal day (PND) 15, 20, 30, and 90 using age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as controls to characterize molecular mechanisms of CHF/ARPKD pathogenesis. A comprehensive differential gene expression (DEG) analysis identified 1298 DEGs between PCK and SD rats. The genes overexpressed in the PCK rats at PND 30 and 90 were involved cell migration (e.g. Lamc2, Tgfb2, and Plet1), cell adhesion (e.g. Spp1, Adgrg1, and Cd44), and wound healing (e.g. Plat, Celsr1, Tpm1). Connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf) and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgfb), two genes associated with fibrosis, were upregulated in PCK rats at all time-points. Genes associated with MHC class I molecules (e.g. RT1-A2) or involved in ribosome assembly (e.g. Pes1) were significantly downregulated in PCK rats. Upstream regulator analysis showed activation of proteins involved tissue growth (MTPN) and inflammation (STAT family members) and chromatin remodeling (BRG1), and inhibition of proteins involved in hepatic differentiation (HNF4) and reduction of fibrosis (SMAD7). The increase in mRNAs of four top upregulated genes including Reg3b, Aoc1, Tm4sf20, and Cdx2 was confirmed at the protein level using immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, these studies indicate that a combination of increased inflammation, cell migration and wound healing, and inhibition of hepatic function, decreased antifibrotic gene expression are the major underlying pathogenic mechanisms in CHF/ARPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khare, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paine Cabrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.19.524760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Transcriptomics of Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease using PCK rats]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lumbar endplate microfracture injury induces Modic-like changes, intervertebral disc degeneration and spinal cord sensitization-An In Vivo Rat Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Endplate (EP) injury plays critical roles in painful IVD degeneration since Modic changes (MCs) are highly associated with pain. Models of EP microfracture that progress to painful conditions are needed to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms and screen therapeutics.

PURPOSE: Establish in vivo rat lumbar EP microfracture model with painful phenotype.

STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: In vivo rat study to characterize EP-injury model with characterization of IVD degeneration, vertebral bone marrow remodeling, spinal cord sensitization, and pain-related behaviors.

METHODS: EP-driven degeneration was induced in 5-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats L4-5 and L5-6 IVDs through the proximal vertebral body injury with intradiscal injections of TNF (n=7) or PBS (n=6), compared to Sham (surgery without EP-injury, n=6). The EP-driven model was assessed for IVD height, histological degeneration, pain-like behaviors (hindpaw von Frey and forepaw grip test), lumbar spine MRI and CT analyses, and spinal cord substance P (SubP).

RESULTS: EP injuries induced IVD degeneration with decreased IVD height and MRI T2 values. EP injury with PBS and TNF both showed MC type1-like changes on T1 and T2-weighted MRI, trabecular bone remodeling on CT, and damage in cartilage EP adjacent to the injury. EP injuries caused significantly decreased paw withdrawal threshold and reduced grip forces, suggesting increased pain sensitivity and axial spinal discomfort. Spinal cord dorsal horn SubP was significantly increased, indicating spinal cord sensitization.

CONCLUSIONS: EP microfracture can induce crosstalk between vertebral bone marrow, IVD and spinal cord with chronic pain-like conditions.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This rat EP microfracture model of IVD degeneration was validated to induce MC-like changes and pain-like behaviors that we hope will be useful to screen therapies and improve treatment for EP-drive pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gansau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seifert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munitz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaheer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhadouria, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laudier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holguin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iatridis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lumbar endplate microfracture injury induces Modic-like changes, intervertebral disc degeneration and spinal cord sensitization-An In Vivo Rat Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Borrelia burgdorferi PlzA is a c-di-GMP dependent DNA and RNA binding protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.30.526351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The PilZ domain-containing protein, PlzA, is the only known cyclic di-GMP binding protein encoded by all Lyme disease spirochetes. PlzA has been implicated in the regulation of many borrelial processes, but the effector mechanism of PlzA was not previously known. Here we report that PlzA can bind DNA and RNA and that nucleic acid binding requires c-di-GMP, with the affinity of PlzA for nucleic acids increasing as concentrations of c-di-GMP were increased. A mutant PlzA that is incapable of binding c-di-GMP did not bind to any tested nucleic acids. We also determined that PlzA interacts predominantly with the major groove of DNA and that sequence length plays a role in DNA binding affinity. PlzA is a dual-domain protein with a PilZ-like N-terminal domain linked to a canonical C-terminal PilZ domain. Dissection of the domains demonstrated that the separated N-terminal domain bound nucleic acids independently of c-di-GMP. The C-terminal domain, which includes the c-di-GMP binding motifs, did not bind nucleic acids under any tested conditions. Our data are supported by computational docking, which predicts that c-di-GMP binding at the C-terminal domain stabilizes the overall protein structure and facilitates PlzA-DNA interactions via residues in the N-terminal domain. Based on our data, we propose that levels of c-di-GMP during the various stages of the enzootic life cycle direct PlzA binding to regulatory targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jusufovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saylor, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brissette, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zueckert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlax, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MOTALEB, M. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.30.526351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Borrelia burgdorferi PlzA is a c-di-GMP dependent DNA and RNA binding protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serial Capture Affinity Purification and Integrated Structural Modeling of the H3K4me3 Binding and DNA Damage Related WDR76:SPIN1 Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
WDR76 is a multifunctional protein involved in many cellular functions. With a diverse and complicated protein interaction network, dissecting the structure and function of specific WDR76 complexes is needed. We previously demonstrated the ability of the Serial Capture Affinity Purification (SCAP) method to isolate specific complexes by introducing two proteins of interest as baits at the same time. Here, we applied SCAP to dissect a subpopulation of WDR76 in complex with SPIN1, a histone marker reader that specifically recognizes trimethylated histone H3 lysine4 (H3K4me3). In contrast to the SCAP analysis of the SPIN1:SPINDOC complex, H3K4me3 was copurified with the WDR76:SPIN1 complex. In combination with crosslinking mass spectrometry, we built an integrated structural model of the complex which revealed that SPIN1 recognized the H3K4me3 epigenetic mark while interacting with WDR76. Lastly, interaction network analysis of copurifying proteins revealed the potential role of the WDR76:SPIN1 complex in the DNA damage response.

TeaserIn contrast to the SPINDOC/SPIN1 complex, analyses reveal that the WDR76/SPIN1 complex interacts with core histones and is involved in DNA damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaughter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serial Capture Affinity Purification and Integrated Structural Modeling of the H3K4me3 Binding and DNA Damage Related WDR76:SPIN1 Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome sequence of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, an apicomplexan parasite of monarch butterflies: cryptic diversity and response to host-sequestered plant chemicals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apicomplexa are ancient and diverse organisms which have been poorly characterized by modern genomics. To better understand the evolution and diversity of these single-celled eukaryotes, we sequenced the genome of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, a parasite of monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus. The genome is miniscule, totaling only 9 million bases and containing fewer than 3,000 genes. We then compared this new sequence to the two other sequenced invertebrate-infecting apicomplexans, Porospora gigantea and Gregarina niphandrodes, which have nearly twice the gene content and found that O. elektroscirrha shares different orthologs with each sequenced relative, suggesting the true set of universally conserved apicomplexan genes is very small indeed. We investigated sequenced reads from other potential hosts to explore the viability of in silico infection screening. We recovered a similarly sized parasite genome from another butterfly, Danaus chrysippus, that was highly diverged from the O. elektroscirrha reference, possibly representing a distinct species. Using these two new genomes, we investigated potential evolutionary response by parasites to toxic phytochemicals their hosts ingest and sequester. Monarch butterflies are well-known to tolerate toxic cardenolides thanks to changes in the sequence of their Type II ATPase sodium pumps. We show that Ophryocystis completely lacks Type II or Type 4 sodium pumps, and related proteins PMCA calcium pumps show extreme sequence divergence compared to other Apicomplexa, demonstrating new avenues of research opened by genome sequencing of non-model Apicomplexa.

Author SummaryThere are many relatives of Plasmodium, the single-celled parasites responsible for malaria, and they infect a wide range of animals, including insects. These parasites have received less attention however, leaving much unknown about them. We sequenced the genome of one such parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (OE), to compare it to better-studied parasites and shed light on OEs interaction with its host, the monarch butterfly. We found that OE has a tiny genome with the fewest genes of any sequenced parasite in this group, lacking many genes found in its relatives. Using our new data, we also discovered evidence that infections of other butterfly species that have been attributed to OE may be caused by a previously undiscovered distinct parasite species. And finally, we explored the evolution of a family of genes that may be targeted by medicinal plant compounds in the monarch butterflys diet; OE has lost one of these genes and radically changed the sequence of another, setting a direction for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manweiler, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scullion, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koehn, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Roode, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome sequence of Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, an apicomplexan parasite of monarch butterflies: cryptic diversity and response to host-sequestered plant chemicals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying Human Specific Adverse Outcome Pathways of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Using Liver-Chimeric Humanized Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.01.526711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants with myriad adverse effects. While perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most common contaminants, levels of replacement PFAS, such as perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (GenX), are increasing. In rodents, PFOA, PFOS, and GenX have several adverse effects on the liver, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine human-relevant mechanisms of PFAS induced adverse hepatic effects using FRG liver-chimeric humanized mice with livers repopulated with functional human hepatocytes.

MethodsMale humanized mice were treated with 0.067 mg/L of PFOA, 0.145 mg/L of PFOS, or 1 mg/L of GenX in drinking water for 28 days. Liver and serum were collected for pathology and clinical chemistry, respectively. RNA-sequencing coupled with pathway analysis was used to determine molecular mechanisms.

ResultsPFOS caused a significant decrease in total serum cholesterol and LDL/VLDL, whereas GenX caused a significant elevation in LDL/VLDL with no change in total cholesterol and HDL. PFOA had no significant changes in serum LDL/VLDL and total cholesterol. All three PFAS induced significant hepatocyte proliferation. RNA-sequencing with alignment to the human genome showed a total of 240, 162, and 619 differentially expressed genes after PFOA, PFOS, and GenX exposure, respectively. Upstream regulator analysis revealed inhibition of NR1D1, a transcriptional repressor important in circadian rhythm, as the major common molecular change in all PFAS treatments. PFAS treated mice had significant nuclear localization of NR1D1. In silico modeling showed PFOA, PFOS, and GenX potentially interact with the DNA-binding domain of NR1D1.

DiscussionThese data implicate PFAS in circadian rhythm disruption via inhibition of NR1D1. These studies show that FRG humanized mice are a useful tool for studying the adverse outcome pathways of environmental pollutants on human hepatocytes in situ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paine-Cabrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venneman, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corton, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foquet, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bial, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.01.526711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying Human Specific Adverse Outcome Pathways of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Using Liver-Chimeric Humanized Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527212v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signatures of antibiotic tolerance and persistence in response to divergent stresses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.05.527212v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In an environment with overly abundant lactose, a strain of the Gram-negative bacterium E. coli induces a persister-enriched phenotype and a heterogeneous pattern of growth rates. In high lactose conditions, the majority of cells are fast-growing, while a minority stochastically switch to a slow-growing, persister-prone phenotype that has higher ampicillin tolerance. Previously, bulk bacterial RNA-seq demonstrated broad changes in gene expression profiles for cells cultured in different lactose conditions, revealing multiple pathway regulatory regime switches enhancing its survivability for counteracting osmotic pressure in high lactose conditions with overflow metabolism.

We hypothesized that a set of unique gene regulatory signatures underlies antibiotic tolerance in the high lactose condition. To further understand the gene regulatory regime in slow-growing cells, the subpopulation of persister-prone cells was enriched with ampicillin treatment. The resulting culture was collected for transcriptomic analysis. The transcriptomic data were then analyzed for differentially expressed genes, signature genes, GO term enrichment, pathway enrichment, and flux balance analysis.

Our results show that under opposing stresses, the cells have similar and divergent responses. Cells exhibit upregulated assimilation pathways and downregulated biosynthesis pathways when encountering stresses. Post ampicillin treatment, cells in both high and low lactose conditions exhibit downregulated central metabolism to reduce growth. In the high-lactose concentration medium after ampicillin treatment, persisters may arise due to ferric imbalance-induced cell growth arrest and gene regulation due to ssrA-mediated downregulation-induced error-prone transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McElfresh, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijesuriya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorny, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.05.527212</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signatures of antibiotic tolerance and persistence in response to divergent stresses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative analyses of interactions between SpoVG and RNA/DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1.The Borrelia burgdorferi SpoVG protein has previously been found to be a DNA- and RNA-binding protein. To aid in the elucidation of ligand motifs, affinities for numerous RNAs, ssDNAs, and dsDNAs were measured and compared. The loci used in the study were spoVG, glpFKD, erpAB, bb0242, flaB, and ospAB, with particular focus on the untranslated 5 portion of the mRNAs. Performing binding and competition assays yielded that the 5 end of spoVG mRNA had the highest affinity while the lowest observed affinity was to the 5 end of flaB mRNA. Mutagenesis studies of spoVG RNA and ssDNA sequences suggested that the formation of SpoVG-nucleic acid complexes are not entirely dependent on either sequence or structure. Additionally, exchanging uracil for thymine in ssDNAs did not affect protein-nucleic acid complex formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saylor, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savage, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krusensjerna, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jusufovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zueckert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brissette, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MOTALEB, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlax, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevenson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative analyses of interactions between SpoVG and RNA/DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.08.527749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.08.527749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDDespite its importance in the clinical management of ovarian cancer, the CA125 biomarker--located on the mucin protein MUC16--is still not completely understood. Questions remain about MUC16s function and structure, specifically the identity and location of the CA125 epitopes.

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to characterize the interaction of individual recombinant repeats from the tandem repeat domain of MUC16 with antibodies used in the clinical CA125 II test.

METHODSUsing E. coli expression, we isolated nine repeats from the putative antigenic domain of CA125. Amino acid composition of recombinant repeats was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We characterized the binding of four antibodies--OC125, M11, "OC125-like," and "M11-like"--to nine recombinant repeats using Western blotting, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy.

RESULTSEach recombinant repeat was recognized by a different combination of CA125 antibodies. OC125 and "OC125-like" antibodies did not bind the same set of recombinant repeats, nor did M11 and "M11-like" antibodies.

CONCLUSIONSCharacterization of the interactions between MUC16 recombinant repeats and CA125 antibodies will contribute to ongoing efforts to identify the CA125 epitopes and improve our understanding of this important biomarker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minkoff, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.08.527749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Individual recombinant repeats of MUC16 display variable binding to CA125 antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Essential Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatic Differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsO-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification catalyzed by the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which transfers a single N-acetylglucosamine sugar from UDP-GlcNAc to the protein on serine and threonine residues on proteins. Another enzyme, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), removes this modification. O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in pathophysiology. Here, we report that O-GlcNAcylation is essential for hepatocyte differentiation, and chronic loss results in fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

MethodsSingle-cell RNA-sequencing was used to investigate hepatocyte differentiation in hepatocyte-specific OGT-KO mice with increased hepatic O-GlcNAcylation and in OGA-KO mice with decreased O-GlcNAcylation in hepatocytes. HCC patient samples and the DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model were used to investigate the effect of modulation of O-GlcNAcylation on the development of liver cancer.

ResultsLoss of hepatic O-GlcNAcylation resulted in disruption of liver zonation. Periportal hepatocytes were the most affected by loss of differentiation characterized by dysregulation of glycogen storage and glucose production. OGT-KO mice exacerbated DEN-induced HCC development with increased inflammation, fibrosis, and YAP signaling. Consistently, OGA-KO mice with increased hepatic O-GlcNAcylation inhibited DEN-induced HCC. A progressive loss of O-GlcNAcylation was observed in HCC patients.

ConclusionsOur study shows that O-GlcNAcylation is a critical regulator of hepatic differentiation, and loss of O-GlcNAcylation promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. These data highlight increasing O-GlcNAcylation as a potential therapy in chronic liver diseases, including HCC.

Lay SummaryProteins in cells are modified by the addition of a single glucosamine sugar molecule called O-GlcNAcylation. Loss of O-GlcNAcylation in hepatocytes, the most common type of cells in the liver, causes the liver to lose its function and can result in increased liver diseases such as fibrosis and cancer.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=85 SRC="FIGDIR/small/528884v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (34K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@aed343org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b00966org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@391ef9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@206d8c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LISingle-Cell RNA-sequencing reveals loss of metabolic liver zonation in O-GlcNAcylation deficient livers.
C_LIO_LILoss of O-GlcNAcylation promoted DEN-Induced HCC.
C_LIO_LIIncrease of hepatic O-GlcNAcylation prevented HCC progression.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paine-Cabrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venneman, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanover, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zachara, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Essential Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Hepatic Differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.529023v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Land-cover change in Cuba may favor biodiversity: An example using Omphalea (Angiosperma: Euphorbiaceae) and Urania boisduvalii (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.17.529023v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Changes in land cover directly affect biodiversity. Here we assessed land-cover change in Cuba in the past 35 years and analyzed how this change may affect the distribution of Omphalea plants and Urania boisduvalii moths. We analyzed the vegetation cover of the Cuban archipelago between 1985 and 2020. We used Google Earth Engine to classify two satellite image compositions into seven cover types: forest and shrubs, mangrove, soil without vegetation cover, wetlands, pine forest, agriculture, and water bodies. We considered three different areas for quantifications of land-cover change: (1) protected areas, (2) areas of potential distribution of Omphalea, and (3) areas of potential distribution of the plant within the protected areas. We found that the category of "forest and shrubs" have increased significantly in Cuba in the past 35 years and that most of the gained forest and shrub areas were agricultural land in the past. This same pattern was observed in the areas of potential distribution of Omphalea; whereas almost all cover types were mostly stables inside the protected areas. The transformation of agricultural areas into forest and shrubs could represent an interesting opportunity for biodiversity conservation in Cuba. Other detailed studies about biodiversity composition in areas of forest and shrubs gain would greatly benefit our understanding on the value of such areas for conservation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nunez-Penicet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maita-Chamba, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.17.529023</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Land-cover change in Cuba may favor biodiversity: An example using Omphalea (Angiosperma: Euphorbiaceae) and Urania boisduvalii (Lepidoptera: Uraniidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Validation of the association between MRI and gene signatures in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy muscle: implications for clinical trial design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.20.529303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the aberrant expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle as the cause of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) has led to rational therapeutic development and clinical trials. Several studies support the use of MRI characteristics and the expression of DUX4-regulated genes in muscle biopsies as biomarkers of FSHD disease activity and progression, but reproducibility across studies needs further validation. We performed lower-extremity MRI and muscle biopsies in the mid-portion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles bilaterally in FSHD subjects and validated our prior reports of the strong association between MRI characteristics and expression of genes regulated by DUX4 and other gene categories associated with FSHD disease activity. We further show that measurements of normalized fat content in the entire TA muscle strongly predict molecular signatures in the mid-portion of the TA. Together with moderate-to-strong correlations of gene signatures and MRI characteristics between the TA muscles bilaterally, these results suggest a whole muscle model of disease progression and provide a strong basis for inclusion of MRI and molecular biomarkers in clinical trial design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snider, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blemker, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riem, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DuCharme, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemmers, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Maarel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tawil, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Statland, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapscott, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.20.529303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Validation of the association between MRI and gene signatures in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy muscle: implications for clinical trial design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated passive visual experience modulates spontaneous and novelty-evoked neural activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.21.529278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Familiarity creates subjective memory of repeated innocuous experiences, reduces neural and behavioral responsiveness to those experiences, and enhances novelty detection. The neural correlates of the internal model of familiarity and the cellular mechanisms of enhanced novelty detection following multi-day repeated passive experience remain elusive. Using the mouse visual cortex as a model system, we test how the repeated passive experience of a 45{degrees} orientation-grating stimulus for multiple days alters spontaneous and non-familiar stimuli evoked neural activity in neurons tuned to familiar or non-familiar stimuli. We found that familiarity elicits stimulus competition such that stimulus selectivity reduces in neurons tuned to the familiar 45{degrees} stimulus; it increases in those tuned to the 90{degrees} stimulus but does not affect neurons tuned to the orthogonal 135{degrees} stimulus. Furthermore, neurons tuned to orientations 45{degrees} apart from the familiar stimulus dominate local functional connectivity. Interestingly, responsiveness to natural images, which consists of familiar and non-familiar orientations, increases subtly in neurons that exhibit stimulus competition. We also show the similarity between familiar grating stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activity increases, indicative of an internal model of altered experience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niraula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauser, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.21.529278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated passive visual experience modulates spontaneous and novelty-evoked neural activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rescue of Auditory Function by a Single Administration of AAV-TMPRSS3 Gene Therapy in Aged Mice of Human Recessive Deafness DFNB8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.530035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractsPatients with mutations in the TMPRSS3 gene suffer from recessive deafness DFNB8/DFNB10 for whom cochlear implantation is the only treatment option. Poor cochlear implantation outcomes are seen in some patients. To develop biological treatment for TMPRSS3 patients, we generated a knock-in mouse model with a frequent human DFNB8 TMPRSS3 mutation. The Tmprss3A306T/A306T homozygous mice display delayed onset progressive hearing loss similar to human DFNB8 patients. Using AAV2 as a vector to carry a human TMPRSS3 gene, AAV2-hTMPRSS3 injection in the adult knock-in mouse inner ears results in TMPRSS3 expression in the hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons. A single AAV2-hTMPRSS3 injection in aged Tmprss3A306T/A306T mice leads to sustained rescue of the auditory function, to a level similar to the wildtype mice. AAV2-hTMPRSS3 delivery rescues the hair cells and the spiral ganglions. This is the first study to demonstrate successful gene therapy in an aged mouse model of human genetic deafness. This study lays the foundation to develop AAV2-hTMPRSS3 gene therapy to treat DFNB8 patients, as a standalone therapy or in combination with cochlear implantation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergin, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loeb, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silver, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armstrong, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurumurthy, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staecker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.530035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rescue of Auditory Function by a Single Administration of AAV-TMPRSS3 Gene Therapy in Aged Mice of Human Recessive Deafness DFNB8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAHOMES II: A webserver for predicting if a metal binding site is enzymatic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances have enabled high-quality computationally generated structures for proteins with no solved crystal structures. However, protein function data remains largely limited to experimental methods and homology mapping. Since structure determines function, it is natural that methods capable of using computationally generated structures for functional annotations need to be advanced. Our laboratory recently developed a method to distinguish between metalloenzyme and non-enzyme sites. Here we report improvements to this method by upgrading our physicochemical features to alleviate the need for structures with sub-angstrom precision and using machine learning to reduce training data labeling error. Our improved classifier identifies protein bound metal sites as enzymatic or non-enzymatic with 94% precision and 92% recall. We demonstrate that both adjustments increased predictive performance and reliability on sites with sub-angstrom variations. We constructed a set of predicted metalloprotein structures with no solved crystal structures and no detectable homology to our training data. Our model had an accuracy of 90 - 97.5% depending on the quality of the predicted structures included in our test. Finally, we found the physicochemical trends that drove this models successful performance were local protein density, second shell ionizable residue burial, and the pockets accessibility to the site. We anticipate that our models ability to correctly identify catalytic metal sites could enable identification of new enzymatic mechanisms and improve de novo metalloenzyme design success rates.

Significance statementIdentification of enzyme active sites on proteins with unsolved crystallographic structures can accelerate discovery of novel biochemical reactions, which can impact healthcare, industrial processes, and environmental remediation. Our lab has developed an ML tool for predicting sites on computationally generated protein structures as enzymatic and non-enzymatic. We have made our tool available on a webserver, allowing the scientific community to rapidly search previously unknown protein function space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAHOMES II: A webserver for predicting if a metal binding site is enzymatic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.532114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlating physicochemical and biological properties to define critical quality attributes of a recombinant AAV vaccine candidate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.10.532114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are a preferred vector system in clinical gene transfer. A fundamental challenge to formulate and deliver rAAVs as stable and efficacious vaccines is to elucidate interrelationships between the vectors physicochemical properties and biological potency. To this end, we evaluated an rAAV-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate which encodes the Spike antigen (AC3) and is produced by an industrially-compatible process. First, state-of-the-art analytical techniques were employed to determine key structural attributes of AC3 including primary and higher-order structures, particle size, empty/full capsid ratios, aggregates and multi-step thermal degradation pathway analysis. Next, several quantitative potency measures for AC3 were implemented and data were correlated with the physicochemical analyses on thermal-stressed and control samples. Results demonstrate links between decreasing AC3 physical stability profiles, in vitro transduction efficiency in a cell-based assay, and importantly, in vivo immunogenicity in a mouse model. These findings are discussed in the general context of future development of rAAV-based vaccines candidates as well as specifically for the rAAV vaccine application under study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanmiguel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zabaleta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandenberghe, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.10.532114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlating physicochemical and biological properties to define critical quality attributes of a recombinant AAV vaccine candidate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.530646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative phylogeography reveals widespread cryptic diversity driven by ecology in Panamanian birds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.530646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Widespread species often harbor unrecognized genetic diversity, and investigating the factors associated with such cryptic variation can help us better understand the forces driving diversification. Here, we identify potential cryptic species based on a comprehensive dataset of COI mitochondrial DNA barcodes from 2,333 individual Panamanian birds across 429 species, representing 391 (59%) of the 659 resident landbird species of the country, as well as opportunistically sampled waterbirds. We complement this dataset with additional publicly available mitochondrial loci, such as ND2 and cytochrome b, obtained from whole mitochondrial genomes from 20 taxa. Using barcode identification numbers (BINs), we find putative cryptic species in 19% of landbird species, highlighting hidden diversity in the relatively well-described avifauna of Panama. Whereas some of these mitochondrial divergence events corresponded with recognized geographic features that likely isolated populations, such as the Cordillera Central highlands, the majority (74%) of lowland splits were between eastern and western populations. The timing of these splits are not temporally coincident across taxa, suggesting that historical events, such as the formation of the Isthmus of Panama and Pleistocene climatic cycles, were not the primary drivers of cryptic diversification. Rather, we observed that forest species, understory species, insectivores, and strongly territorial species--all traits associated with lower dispersal ability--were all more likely to have multiple BINs in Panama, suggesting strong ecological associations with cryptic divergence. Additionally, hand-wing index, a proxy for dispersal capability, was significantly lower in species with multiple BINs, indicating that dispersal ability plays an important role in generating diversity in Neotropical birds. Together, these results underscore the need for evolutionary studies of tropical bird communities to consider ecological factors along with geographic explanations, and that even in areas with well-known avifauna, avian diversity may be substantially underestimated.

LAY SUMMARY- What factors are common among bird species with cryptic diversity in Panama? What role do geography, ecology, phylogeographic history, and other factors play in generating bird diversity?
- 19% of widely-sampled bird species form two or more distinct DNA barcode clades, suggesting widespread unrecognized diversity.
- Traits associated with reduced dispersal ability, such as use of forest understory, high territoriality, low hand-wing index, and insectivory, were more common in taxa with cryptic diversity.


Filogeografia comparada revela amplia diversidad criptica causada por la ecologia en las aves de Panama

RESUMENEspecies extendidas frecuentemente tiene diversidad genetica no reconocida, y investigando los factores asociados con esta variacion criptica puede ayudarnos a entender las fuerzas que impulsan la diversificacion. Aqui, identificamos especies cripticas potenciales basadas en un conjunto de datos de codigos de barras de ADN mitocondrial de 2,333 individuos de aves de Panama en 429 especies, representando 391 (59%) de las 659 especies de aves terrestres residentes del pais, ademas de algunas aves acuaticas muestreada de manera oportunista. Adicionalmente, complementamos estos datos con secuencias mitocondriales disponibles publicamente de otros loci, tal como ND2 o citocroma b, obtenidos de los genomas mitocondriales completos de 20 taxones. Utilizando los numeros de identificacion de codigo de barras (en ingles: BINs), un sistema taxonomico numerico que proporcina una estimacion imparcial de la diversidad potencial a nivel de especie, encontramos especies cripticas putativas en 19% de las especies de aves terrestres, lo que destaca la diversidad oculta en la avifauna bien descrita de Panama. Aunque algunos de estos eventos de divergencia conciden con caracteristicas geograficas que probablemente aislaron las poblaciones, la mayoria (74%) de la divergencia en las tierras bajas se encuentra entre las poblaciones orientales y occidentales. El tiempo de esta divergencia no coincidio entre los taxones, sugiriendo que eventos historicos tales como la formacion del Istmo de Panama y los ciclos climaticos del pleistoceno, no fueron los principales impulsores de la especiacion. En cambio, observamos asociaciones fuertes entre las caracteristicas ecologicas y la divergencia mitocondriale: las especies del bosque, sotobosque, con una dieta insectivora, y con territorialidad fuerte mostraton multiple BINs probables. Adicionalmente, el indice mano-ala, que esta asociado a la capacidad de dispersion, fue significativamente menor en las especies con BINs multiples, sugiriendo que la capacidad de dispersion tiene un rol importamente en la generacion de la diversidad de las aves neotropicales. Estos resultos demonstran la necesidad de que estudios evolutivos de las comunidades de aves tropicales consideren los factores ecologicos en conjunto con las explicaciones geograficos.

Palabras clave: biodiversidad tropical, biogeografia, codigos de barras, dispersion, especies cripticas
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguilar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Navia-Gine, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cueto-Aparicio, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarcon, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takyar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vong, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Chong, O. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driver, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loaiza, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Leon, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saltonstall, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipshutz, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcila, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brock, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.530646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative phylogeography reveals widespread cryptic diversity driven by ecology in Panamanian birds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntingtons and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kandola, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkatesan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerbakken, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Von Schulze, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanck, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berry, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lange, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Box, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halfmann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaLLM: Residue-wise Metal ion Prediction UsingDeep Transformer Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.20.533488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins bind to metals such as copper, zinc, magnesium, etc., serving various purposes such as importing, exporting, or transporting metal in other parts of the cell as ligands and maintaining stable protein structure to function properly. A metal binding site indicates the single amino acid position where a protein binds a metal ion. Manually identifying metal binding sites is expensive, laborious, and time-consuming. A tiny fraction of the millions of proteins in UniProtKB - the most comprehensive protein database - are annotated with metal binding sites, leaving many millions of proteins waiting for metal binding site annotation. Developing a computational pipeline is thus essential to keep pace with the growing number of proteins. A significant shortcoming of the existing computational methods is the consideration of the long-term dependency of the residues. Other weaknesses include low accuracy, absence of positional information, hand-engineered features, and a pre-determined set of residues and metal ions. In this paper, we propose MetaLLM, a metal binding site prediction technique, by leveraging the recent progress in self-supervised attention-based (e.g. Transformer) large language models (LLMs) and a considerable amount of protein sequences publicly available. LLMs are capable of modelling long residual dependency in a sequence. The proposed MetaLLM uses a transformer pre-trained on an extensive database of protein sequences and later fine-tuned on metal-binding proteins for multi-label metal ions prediction. A 10-fold cross-validation shows more than 90% precision for the most prevalent metal ions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shishir, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shomaji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.20.533488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaLLM: Residue-wise Metal ion Prediction UsingDeep Transformer Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.25.534210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Artificial Intelligence Boosted Molecular Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.25.534210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have developed a new Deep Boosted Molecular Dynamics (DBMD) method. Probabilistic Bayesian neural network models were implemented to construct boost potentials that exhibit Gaussian distribution with minimized anharmonicity, thereby allowing for accurate energetic reweighting and enhanced sampling of molecular simulations. DBMD was demonstrated on model systems of alanine dipeptide and the fast-folding protein and RNA structures. For alanine dipeptide, 30ns DMBD simulations captured up to 83-125 times more backbone dihedral transitions than 1{micro}s conventional molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations and were able to accurately reproduce the original free energy profiles. Moreover, DBMD sampled multiple folding and unfolding events within 300ns simulations of the chignolin model protein and identified low-energy conformational states comparable to previous simulation findings. Finally, DBMD captured a general folding pathway of three hairpin RNAs with the GCAA, GAAA, and UUCG tetraloops. Based on Deep Learning neural network, DBMD provides a powerful and generally applicable approach to boosting biomolecular simulations. DBMD is available with open source in OpenMM at https://github.com/MiaoLab20/DBMD/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Do, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.25.534210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Artificial Intelligence Boosted Molecular Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.28.534520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Widespread PRC barrel proteins play critical roles in archaeal cell division 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.28.534520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell division is fundamental to all cellular life. Most of the archaea employ one of two alternative division machineries, one centered around the prokaryotic tubulin homolog FtsZ and the other around the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). However, neither of these mechanisms has been thoroughly characterized in archaea. Here, we show that three of the four PRC (Photosynthetic Reaction Center) barrel domain proteins of Haloferax volcanii (renamed Cell division proteins B1/2/3 (CdpB1/2/3)), play important roles in division. CdpB1 interacts directly with the FtsZ membrane anchor SepF and is essential for division, whereas deletion of cdpB2 and cdpB3 causes a major and a minor division defect, respectively. Orthologs of CdpB proteins are also involved in cell division in other haloarchaea. Phylogenetic analysis shows that PRC barrel proteins are widely distributed among archaea, including the highly conserved CdvA protein of the crenarchaeal ESCRT-based division system. Thus, diverse PRC barrel proteins appear to be central to cell division in most if not all archaea. Further study of these proteins is expected to elucidate the division mechanisms in archaea and their evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makarova, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krupovic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koonin, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.28.534520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Widespread PRC barrel proteins play critical roles in archaeal cell division]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CORE CONSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY NETWORKS DEFINE THE INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELL LINEAGE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The invasive trophoblast cell lineage in rat and human share crucial responsibilities in establishing the uterine-placental interface of the hemochorial placenta. These observations have led to the rat becoming an especially useful animal model to study hemochorial placentation. However, our understanding of similarities or differences between regulatory mechanisms governing rat and human invasive trophoblast cell populations is limited. In this study, we generated single-nucleus (sn) ATAC-seq data from gestation day (gd) 15.5 and 19.5 rat uterine-placental interface tissues and integrated the data with single-cell RNA-seq data generated at the same stages. We determined the chromatin accessibility profiles of invasive trophoblast, natural killer, macrophage, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells, and compared invasive trophoblast chromatin accessibility to extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell accessibility. In comparing chromatin accessibility profiles between species, we found similarities in patterns of gene regulation and groups of motifs enriched in accessible regions. Finally, we identified a conserved gene regulatory network in invasive trophoblast cells. Our data, findings and analysis will facilitate future studies investigating regulatory mechanisms essential for the invasive trophoblast cell lineage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vu, H. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CORE CONSERVED TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY NETWORKS DEFINE THE INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELL LINEAGE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.01.535198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting climate-driven distribution shifts in Hyalomma marginatum (Ixodidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.01.535198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyalomma marginatum is an important tick species which is the main vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and spotted fever. The species is predominantly distributed in parts of Southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia. However, due to ongoing climate change and increasing reports of H. marginatum in central and northern Europe, the expansion of this range poses a potential future risk. In this study, we employed an Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) approach to model the current and future climatic suitability of H. marginatum. Using high resolution climatic variables from the Chelsa dataset and an updated list of locations for H. marginatum, we constructed 2 models under current environmental conditions using MaxEnt: a more specific model for only current conditions, and a more general model for both current conditions and future projections under the ssp370 and ssp585 scenarios. Our models show that the climatically suitable region for H. marginatum matches the current distributional area in the Mediterranean basin and West Asia. When applied to future projections, our models suggest a considerable expansion of H. marginatums range in the north in Europe as a result of rising temperatures. However, they also predict a decline in central Anatolia, potentially due to the exacerbation of drought conditions in that region.

SubjectsEcology, Entomology, Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Climate Change Biology
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hekimoglu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elverici, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuyucu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.01.535198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting climate-driven distribution shifts in Hyalomma marginatum (Ixodidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of safe and effective second-generation COVID-19 vaccines to improve affordability and storage stability requirements remains a high priority to expand global coverage. In this report, we describe formulation development and comparability studies with a self-assembled SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen (called DCFHP), when produced in two different cell lines and formulated with an aluminum-salt adjuvant (Alhydrogel, AH). Varying levels of phosphate buffer altered the extent and strength of antigen-adjuvant interactions, and these formulations were evaluated for their (1) in vivo performance in mice and (2) in vitro stability profiles. Unadjuvanted DCFHP produced minimal immune responses while AH-adjuvanted formulations elicited greatly enhanced pseudovirus neutralization titers independent of [~]100%, [~]40% or [~]10% of the DCFHP antigen adsorbed to AH. These formulations differed, however, in their in vitro stability properties as determined by biophysical studies and a competitive ELISA for measuring ACE2 receptor binding of AH-bound antigen. Interestingly, after one month of 4{degrees}C storage, small increases in antigenicity with concomitant decreases in the ability to desorb the antigen from the AH were observed. Finally, we performed a comparability assessment of DCFHP antigen produced in Expi293 and CHO cells, which displayed expected differences in their N-linked oligosaccharide profiles. Despite consisting of different DCFHP glycoforms, these two preparations were highly similar in their key quality attributes including molecular size, structural integrity, conformational stability, binding to ACE2 receptor and mouse immunogenicity profiles. Taken together, these studies support future preclinical and clinical development of an AH-adjuvanted DCFHP vaccine candidate produced in CHO cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanyal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weidenbacher, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formulation development and comparability studies with an aluminum-salt adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 Spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine antigen produced from two different cell lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical-guided SHAPE sequencing (cgSHAPE-seq) informs the binding site of RNA-degrading chimeras targeting SARS-CoV-2 5' untranslated region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the hallmarks of RNA viruses is highly structured untranslated regions (UTRs) in their genomes. These conserved RNA structures are often essential for viral replication, transcription, or translation. In this report, we discovered and optimized a new type of coumarin derivatives, such as C30 and C34, which bind to a four-way RNA helix called SL5 in the 5 UTR of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome. To locate the binding site, we developed a novel sequencing-based method namely cgSHAPE-seq, in which the acylating chemical probe was directed to crosslink with the 2-OH groups of ribose at the ligand binding site. This crosslinked RNA could then create read-through mutations during reverse transcription (i.e., primer extension) at single-nucleotide resolution to uncover the acylation locations. cgSHAPE-seq unambiguously determined that a bulged G in SL5 was the primary binding site of C30 in the SARS-CoV-2 5 UTR, which was validated through mutagenesis and in vitro binding experiments. C30 was further used as a warhead in RNA-degrading chimeras to reduce viral RNA expression levels. We demonstrated that replacing the acylating moiety in the cgSHAPE probe with ribonuclease L recruiter (RLR) moieties yielded RNA degraders active in the in vitro RNase L degradation assay and SARS-CoV-2 5 UTR expressing cells. We further explored another RLR conjugation site on the E ring of C30/C34 and discovered improved RNA degradation activities in vitro and in cells. The optimized RNA-degrading chimera C64 inhibited live virus replication in lung epithelial carcinoma cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraju, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical-guided SHAPE sequencing (cgSHAPE-seq) informs the binding site of RNA-degrading chimeras targeting SARS-CoV-2 5' untranslated region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 is required for IFN antagonism and efficient virus replication in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.06.535927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several coronavirus (CoV) encoded proteins are being evaluated as targets for antiviral therapies for COVID-19. Included in this set of proteins is the conserved macrodomain, or Mac1, an ADP-ribosylhydrolase and ADP-ribose binding protein. Utilizing point mutant recombinant viruses, Mac1 was shown to be critical for both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV virulence. However, as a potential drug target, it is imperative to understand how a complete Mac1 deletion impacts the replication and pathogenesis of different CoVs. To this end, we created recombinant bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) containing complete Mac1 deletions ({Delta}Mac1) in MHV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. While we were unable to recover infectious virus from MHV or MERS-CoV {Delta}Mac1 BACs, SARS-CoV-2 {Delta}Mac1 was readily recovered from BAC transfection, indicating a stark difference in the requirement for Mac1 between different CoVs. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 {Delta}Mac1 replicated at or near wild-type levels in multiple cell lines susceptible to infection. However, in a mouse model of severe infection, {Delta}Mac1 was quickly cleared causing minimal pathology without any morbidity. {Delta}Mac1 SARS-CoV-2 induced increased levels of interferon (IFN) and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in cell culture and mice, indicating that Mac1 blocks IFN responses which may contribute to its attenuation. {Delta}Mac1 infection also led to a stark reduction in inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. These results demonstrate that Mac1 only minimally impacts SARS-CoV-2 replication, unlike MHV and MERS-CoV, but is required for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and is a unique antiviral drug target.

SIGNIFICANCEAll CoVs, including SARS-CoV-2, encode for a conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that counters host ADP-ribosylation. Prior studies with SARS-CoV-1 and MHV found that Mac1 blocks IFN production and promotes CoV pathogenesis, which has prompted the development of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors. However, development of these compounds into antivirals requires that we understand how SARS-CoV-2 lacking Mac1 replicates and causes disease in vitro and in vivo. Here we found that SARS-CoV-2 containing a complete Mac1 deletion replicates normally in cell culture but induces an elevated IFN response, has reduced viral loads in vivo, and does not cause significant disease in mice. These results will provide a roadmap for testing Mac1 inhibitors, help identify Mac1 functions, and open additional avenues for coronavirus therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parthasarathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghimire, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanda, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuniga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enjuanes, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>More, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Channappanavar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 is required for IFN antagonism and efficient virus replication in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Legacy effects of precipitation and land use impact maize growth and microbiome assembly under drought stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.11.536405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and AimsAs the climate changes, plants and their associated microbiomes face greater water limitation and increased frequency of drought. Historical environmental patterns can leave a legacy effect on soil and root-associated microbiomes, but the impact of this conditioning on future drought performance is poorly understood. Precipitation gradients provide a means to assess these legacy effects.

MethodsWe collected soil microbiomes from four native prairies across a steep precipitation gradient in Kansas, USA. Seedlings of two Zea mays genotypes were inoculated with each soil microbiome in a factorial drought experiment. We investigated plant phenotypic and root microbiome responses to drought and modeled relationships between plant growth metrics and climatic conditions from the soil microbiome origin sites.

ResultsDrought caused plants to accumulate shoot mass more slowly and achieve greater root/shoot mass ratios. Drought restructured the bacterial root-associated microbiome via depletion of Pseudomonadota and enrichment of Actinomycetota, whereas the fungal microbiome was largely unaffected. An environmental legacy effect on prairie soil microbiomes influenced plants drought responses: counterintuitively, prairie soil inocula from historically wetter locations increased shoot biomass under drought more than inocula from historically drier prairie soils.

ConclusionWe demonstrated links between soil microbiome legacy effects and plant performance under drought, suggesting that future drying climates may condition soils to negatively impact plant performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolp, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carmichael, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikes, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.11.536405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Legacy effects of precipitation and land use impact maize growth and microbiome assembly under drought stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aspergillus SUMOylation mutants have normal dynein function but exhibit chromatin bridges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractFunctions of protein SUMOylation remain incompletely understood in different cell types. The budding yeast SUMOylation machinery interacts with LIS1, a protein critical for dynein activation, but dynein-pathway components were not identified as SUMO-targets in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Via A. nidulans forward genetics, here we identified ubaBQ247*, a loss-of-function mutation in a SUMO-activation enzyme UbaB. Colonies of the ubaBQ247*, {Delta}ubaB and {Delta}sumO mutants looked similar and less healthy than the wild-type colony. In these mutants, about 10% of nuclei are connected by abnormal chromatin bridges, indicating the importance of SUMOylation in the completion of chromosome segregation. Nuclei connected by chromatin bridges are mostly in interphase, suggesting that these bridges do not prevent cell-cycle progression. UbaB-GFP localizes to interphase nuclei just like the previously studied SumO-GFP, but the nuclear signals disappear during mitosis when the nuclear pores are partially open, and the signals reappear after mitosis. The nuclear localization is consistent with many SUMO-targets being nuclear proteins, for example, topoisomerase II whose SUMOylation defect gives rise to chromatin bridges in mammalian cells. Unlike in mammalian cells, however, loss of SUMOylation in A. nidulans does not apparently affect the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, further highlighting differences in the requirements of SUMOylation in different cell types. Finally, loss of UbaB or SumO does not affect dynein-and LIS1-mediated early-endosome transport, indicating that SUMOylation is unnecessary for dynein or LIS1 function in A. nidulans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieger, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aspergillus SUMOylation mutants have normal dynein function but exhibit chromatin bridges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Purifying Selection and Persistent Polymorphism among Nuclei in the Multinucleate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form obligate symbiosis with the roots of the majority of land plants and are found in all terrestrial ecosystems. The source and structure of genetic variation in AM fungi has remained an enigma due to difficulties in the axenic cultivation and generation of high-quality genome assemblies from most species. Furthermore, how AM fungi survives long-term without a single nuclear stage per cell life history is puzzling, prompting hypotheses on selection at the nuclear level which functions to purge deleterious mutations. In this study, we aimed to characterize both intra- and inter-organismal genetic variation in AM fungi by analyzing genomic information from individual nuclei of three strains from two species of the genus Claroideoglomus. We observed overall low levels of genetic variation within the strains, most of which represent rare variants likely kept at low frequency by purifying selection. We also observed variants that have been maintained as polymorphic across both strains and species. The results in this study affirm our conceptual understanding that nuclei in AM fungal strains function as populations of asexually reproducing units. Further, we propose that selection acts on different levels within the organism, with strong signals of purifying selection on nuclei within strain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manyara, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thoren, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montoliu-Nerin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bever, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.18.537338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Purifying Selection and Persistent Polymorphism among Nuclei in the Multinucleate Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloid pathology impairs homeostatic inhibitory synaptic plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.04.539450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease patients and mouse models exhibit aberrant neuronal activity and altered excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic ratio. Using multicolor two-photon microscopy, we test how amyloid pathology alters the structural dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and their adaptation to altered visual experience in vivo in the visual cortex. We show that the baseline dynamics of mature excitatory synapses and their adaptation to visual deprivation are not altered in amyloidosis. Likewise, the baseline dynamics of inhibitory synapses are not affected. In contrast, visual deprivation fails to induce inhibitory synapse loss in amyloidosis, a phenomenon observed in nonpathological conditions. Intriguingly, inhibitory synapse loss associated with visual deprivation in nonpathological mice is accompanied by the broadening of spontaneous but not visually evoked calcium transients. However, such broadening does not manifest in the context of amyloidosis. We also show that excitatory and inhibitory synapse loss is locally clustered under the nonpathological state. In contrast, a fraction of synapse loss is not locally clustered in amyloidosis, indicating an impairment in inhibitory synapse adaptation to changes in excitatory synaptic activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niraula, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.04.539450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloid pathology impairs homeostatic inhibitory synaptic plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Soluble antigen arrays improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based tolerogenic immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autoantigen-specific immunotherapy using peptides offers a more targeted approach to treat autoimmune diseases, but the limited in vivo stability and uptake of peptides impedes clinical implementation. We previously showed that multivalent delivery of peptides as soluble antigen arrays (SAgAs) efficiently protects against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Here, we compared the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of SAgAs versus free peptides. SAgAs, but not their corresponding free peptides at equivalent doses, efficiently prevented the development of diabetes. SAgAs increased the frequency of regulatory T cells among peptide-specific T cells or induce their anergy/exhaustion or deletion, depending on the type of SAgA (hydrolysable (hSAgA) and non-hydrolysable  click SAgA (cSAgA)) and duration of treatment, whereas their corresponding free peptides induced a more effector phenotype following delayed clonal expansion. Moreover, the N-terminal modification of peptides with aminooxy or alkyne linkers, which was needed for grafting onto hyaluronic acid to make hSAgA or cSAgA variants, respectively, influenced their stimulatory potency and safety, with alkyne-functionalized peptides being more potent and less anaphylactogenic than aminooxy-functionalized peptides. Both SAgA variants significantly delayed anaphylaxis compared to their respective free peptides. The anaphylaxis, which occurred in NOD mice but not in C57BL/6 mice, was dose-dependent but did not correlate with the production of IgG1 or IgE against the peptides. We provide evidence that SAgAs significantly improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based immunotherapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeptide-based immunotherapy has several advantages over using full antigen as they are easy to synthetize, chemically modify and customize for precision medicine. However, their use in the clinic has been limited by issues of membrane impermeability, poor stability and potency in vivo, and in some cases, hypersensitivity reactions. Here, we provide evidence that soluble antigen arrays and alkyne-functionalization of peptides could be used as strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of peptide-based immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases by influencing the nature and dynamics of immune responses induced by the peptides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Firdessa Fite, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestak, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creusot, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Soluble antigen arrays improve the efficacy and safety of peptide-based tolerogenic immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening effects of HCN channel blockers on sleep/wake behavior in zebrafish 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels generate electrical rhythmicity in various tissues although primarily heart, retina and brain. The HCN channel blocker compound, Ivabradine (Corlanor), is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a medication to lower heart rate by blocking hyperpolarization activated inward current in the sinoatrial node. In addition, a growing body of evidence suggests a role for HCN channels in regulation of sleep/wake behavior. Zebrafish larvae are ideal model organisms for high throughput drug screening, drug repurposing and behavioral phenotyping studies. We leveraged this model system to investigate effects of three HCN channel blockers (Ivabradine, Zatebradine Hydrochloride and ZD7288) at multiple doses on sleep/wake behavior in wild type zebrafish. Results of interest included shorter latency to day time sleep at 0.1 M dose of Ivabradine (ANOVA, p:0.02), moderate reductions in average activity at 30 M dose of Zatebradine Hydrochloride (ANOVA, p:0.024) in daytime, and increased nighttime sleep at 4.5 M dose of ZD7288 (ANOVA, p:0.036). These differences support the hypothesis that compounds blocking HCN channels decreases wakefulness.

HighlightsO_LIA drug screening study in which effects of HCN channel blocker compounds were tested displayed decreased wakefulwness in zebrafish.
C_LIO_LIThere was modest evidence of these drugs on sleep and wake phenotypes including shorter latency to sleep, moderate reductions in average activity and increased sleep at different doses of three compounds compared to DMSO.
C_LIO_LIWhile several specific doses of Ivabradine, Zatebradine hydrochloride or ZD7288 demonstrated some differences compared to DMSO, effects of these compounds was smaller than the effect of melatonin, a positive control.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doldur Balli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keenan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veatch, O. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smieszek, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pack, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening effects of HCN channel blockers on sleep/wake behavior in zebrafish]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540175v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of ready-to-use freezer stocks of a synthetic microbial community for maize root colonization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.10.540175v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) are a valuable tool to study community assembly patterns, host-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions in a fully controllable setting. Constructing the SynCom inocula for plant-microbe experiments can be time consuming and difficult because a large number of isolates with different media requirements and growth rates are grown in parallel and mixed to appropriate titers. A potential workaround to assembling fresh SynCom inocula for every experiment could be to pre-make and freeze SynComs on a large scale, creating ready-to-use stock inocula. The objective of this study was to compare the reproducibility, stability, and colonization ability of freshly prepared versus frozen SynCom inocula. We used a community of seven species known to colonize maize roots. The results from inoculation with the frozen SynCom were as consistent as standardized de novo construction of fresh SynCom. Our results indicate that creating frozen SynCom inocula for repeated use in experiments not only saves time, but could also improve cross-experiment reproducibility. Although this approach was only validated with one SynCom, it demonstrates a principle that can be tested for improving approaches in constructing other SynComs.

ImportanceSynthetic communities (SynComs) are an invaluable tool to characterize and model plant-microbe interactions. Multimember SynComs approximate intricate real-world interactions between plants and their microbiome, but the complexity and time required for their construction increases enormously for each additional member added to the SynCom. Therefore, researchers who study a diversity of microbiomes using SynComs are looking for ways to simplify the use of SynComs. In this manuscript, we evaluate the feasibility of creating ready-to-use freezer stocks of a well-studied seven-member SynCom for maize roots. The frozen ready-to-use SynCom stocks work according to the principle of "just add buffer and apply to sterilized seeds or seedlings" and thus can save multiple days of laborious growing and combining of multiple microorganisms. We show that ready-to-use SynCom stocks provide comparable results to freshly constructued SynComs and thus allow for large time savings when working with SynComs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parnell, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vintila, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.10.540175</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of ready-to-use freezer stocks of a synthetic microbial community for maize root colonization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The essential domain of FtsN triggers cell division by promoting interaction between FtsL and FtsI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell division in bacteria requires the activation of FtsWI at the division site to synthesize septal peptidoglycan. In E. coli FtsN activates FtsWI and a previous model posited that the essential domain of FtsN (EFtsN) acts on FtsQLB causing conformational changes so that a domain of FtsL, called AWI (AWIFtsL), contacts FtsI resulting in activation of FtsW. In this study we use genetic analysis along with an AlphaFold2 model to test this activation model. Based on our findings we propose an updated model wherein the AWIFtsL and FtsI interaction is stabilized by EFtsN to activate FtsW and that this interaction is enhanced by the CytoFtsN-FtsA interaction. Thus, FtsN acts as both a sensor for divisome assembly and an activator. In addition, we elucidate the role played by two critical FtsL residues in FtsW activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pichoff, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.540521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The essential domain of FtsN triggers cell division by promoting interaction between FtsL and FtsI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SRC-1 controls growth cone polarity and protrusion with the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the Polarity/Protusion model of growth cone migration away from the guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin, the UNC-5 receptor polarizes the VD growth cone such that filopodial protrusions are biased to the dorsal leading edge of the growth cone. UNC-5 also inhibits growth cone protrusion ventrally based upon this polarity. The SRC-1 tyrosine kinase has been previously shown to physically interact with and phosphorylate UNC-5, and to act with UNC-5 in axon guidance and cell migration. Here, the role of SRC-1 in VD growth cone polarity and protrusion is investigated. A precise deletion of src-1 was generated, and mutants displayed unpolarized growth cones with increased size, similar to unc-5 mutants. Transgenic expression of src-1(+) in VD/DD neurons resulted in smaller growth cones, and rescued growth cone polarity defects of src-1 mutants, indicating cell-autonomous function. Transgenic expression of a putative kinase-dead src-1(D831A) mutant caused a phenotype similar to src-1 loss-of-function, suggesting that this is a dominant negative mutation. The D381A mutation was introduced into the endogenous src-1 gene by genome editing, which also had a dominant-negative effect. Genetic interactions of src-1 and unc-5 suggest they act in the same pathway on growth cone polarity and protrusion, but might have overlapping, parallel functions in other aspects of axon guidance. src-1 function was not required for the effects of activated myr::unc-5, suggesting that SRC-1 might be involved in UNC-5 dimerization and activation by UNC-6, of which myr::unc-5 is independent. In sum, these results show that SRC-1 acts with UNC-5 in growth cone polarity and inhibition of protrusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahadik, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SRC-1 controls growth cone polarity and protrusion with the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATP-Gated Potassium Channels Contribute to Ketogenic Diet-Mediated Analgesia in Mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.22.541799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic pain is a substantial health burden and options for treating chronic pain remain minimally effective. Ketogenic diets are emerging as well-tolerated, effective therapeutic strategies in preclinical models of chronic pain, especially diabetic neuropathy. We tested whether a ketogenic diet is antinociceptive through ketone oxidation and related activation of ATP-gated potassium (KATP) channels in mice. We demonstrate that consumption of a ketogenic diet for one week reduced evoked nocifensive behaviors (licking, biting, lifting) following intraplantar injection of different noxious stimuli (methylglyoxal, cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin, or Yoda1) in mice. A ketogenic diet also decreased the expression of p-ERK, an indicator of neuronal activation in the spinal cord, following peripheral administration of these stimuli. Using a genetic mouse model with deficient ketone oxidation in peripheral sensory neurons, we demonstrate that protection against methylglyoxal-induced nociception by a ketogenic diet partially depends on ketone oxidation by peripheral neurons. Injection of tolbutamide, a KATP channel antagonist, prevented ketogenic diet-mediated antinociception following intraplantar capsaicin injection. Tolbutamide also restored the expression of spinal activation markers in ketogenic diet-fed, capsaicin-injected mice. Moreover, activation of KATP channels with the KATP channel agonist diazoxide reduced pain-like behaviors in capsaicin-injected, chow-fed mice, similar to the effects observed with a ketogenic diet. Diazoxide also reduced the number of p-ERK+ cells in capsaicin-injected mice. These data support a mechanism that includes neuronal ketone oxidation and activation of KATP channels to provide ketogenic diet-related analgesia. This study also identifies KATP channels as a new target to mimic the antinociceptive effects of a ketogenic diet.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Enders, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryals, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchalska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.22.541799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATP-Gated Potassium Channels Contribute to Ketogenic Diet-Mediated Analgesia in Mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exomap1 mouse: a transgenic model for in vivo studies of exosome biology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.29.542707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of [~]30-150 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell, are enriched in selected exosome cargo proteins, and play important roles in health and disease. To address large unanswered questions regarding exosome biology in vivo, we created the exomap1 transgenic mouse model. In response to Cre recombinase, exomap1 mice express HsCD81mNG, a fusion protein between human CD81, the most highly enriched exosome protein yet described, and the bright green fluorescent protein mNeonGreen. As expected, cell type-specific expression of Cre induced the cell type-specific expression of HsCD81mNG in diverse cell types, correctly localized HsCD81mNG to the plasma membrane, and selectively loaded HsCD81mNG into secreted vesicles that have the size ([~]80 nm), topology (outside out), and content (presence of mouse exosome markers) of exosomes. Furthermore, mouse cells expressing HsCD81mNG released HsCD81mNG-marked exosomes into blood and other biofluids. Using high-resolution, single-exosome analysis by quantitative single molecule localization microscopy, we show here that that hepatocytes contribute [~]15% of the blood exosome population whereas neurons contribute <1% of blood exosomes. These estimates of cell type-specific contributions to blood EV population are consistent with the porosity of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to particles of [~]50-300 nm in diameter, as well as with the impermeability of blood-brain and blood-neuron barriers to particles >5 nm in size. Taken together, these results establish the exomap1 mouse as a useful tool for in vivo studies of exosome biology, and for mapping cell type-specific contributions to biofluid exosome populations. In addition, our data confirm that CD81 is a highly-specific marker for exosomes and is not enriched in the larger microvesicle class of EVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fordjour, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuelreich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lallai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saftics, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carnel-Amar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakimoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anh Phu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiger, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raffai, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jovanovic-Talisman, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gould, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.29.542707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exomap1 mouse: a transgenic model for in vivo studies of exosome biology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quagga mussels have expanded their range across the northern hemisphere in recent decades owing to their dispersal abilities, prolific reproduction rates, and broad ecological tolerances. Their remarkable capacity to filter particulates from the water column has had profound effects on inland aquatic ecosystems. In the North American Great Lakes, quagga mussel populations have increased inexorably since the late 1980s, but it remains unclear whether quagga mussels will follow a similar trajectory in Europe where they have appeared more recently. Here we apply knowledge from a 33-year quagga population monitoring effort in the North American lakes to predict future quagga populations in deep European lakes, where quaggas are quickly becoming a conspicuous part of the underwater landscape. We predict that quagga mussel biomass in Lakes Biel, Constance, and Geneva may increase by a factor of 9 - 20 by 2045. Like in North America, this increase may be characterized by a shift to larger individuals and deeper depths as the population matures. If realized, this rapid expansion of quagga mussels would likely drive the largest aquatic ecosystem change in deep European lakes since the eutrophication period of the mid-20th century.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kraemer, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boudet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burlakova, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haltiner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibelings, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatayev, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatayev, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossbacher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoeckli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An abundant future for quagga mussels in deep European lakes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concerted epithelial and stromal changes during progression of Barrett's Esophagus to invasive adenocarcinoma exposed by multi-scale, multi-omics analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Esophageal adenocarcinoma arises from Barretts esophagus, a precancerous metaplastic replacement of squamous by columnar epithelium in response to chronic inflammation. Multi-omics profiling, integrating single-cell transcriptomics, extracellular matrix proteomics, tissue-mechanics and spatial proteomics of 64 samples from 12 patients paths of progression from squamous epithelium through metaplasia, dysplasia to adenocarcinoma, revealed shared and patient-specific progression characteristics. The classic metaplastic replacement of epithelial cells was paralleled by metaplastic changes in stromal cells, ECM and tissue stiffness. Strikingly, this change in tissue state at metaplasia was already accompanied by appearance of fibroblasts with characteristics of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and of an NK cell-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment. Thus, Barretts esophagus progresses as a coordinated multi-component system, supporting treatment paradigms that go beyond targeting cancerous cells to incorporating stromal reprogramming.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=187 SRC="FIGDIR/small/544265v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@64c375org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15c6ef2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@177dee0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c945e7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Graphical AbstractTo obtain a comprehensive picture of the coordinated changes in epithelial, stromal and immune compartments during development of Barretts-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma, patient-matched samples corresponding to various phases of disease progression were collected from 12 patients, each of which had at a given time point lesions at multiple stages progression (matched-normal, metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma). Matched "normal" gastric tissues were also collected. These sample were analyzed by single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) for single-cell resolution transcriptomics and Copy Number Variant (CNV), by proteomics for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM for tissue stiffness and by CODEX spatial proteomics imaging The integrative multi-omics analysis exposed drastic alterations in cell type composition and shifts in cell states in all three compartments. A large subpopulation of fibroblasts absent in the normal esophagus and characteristic of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma sample, that based on markers would indeed be considered cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), appeared already in the metaplastic phase. This fibroblast subpopulation had transcriptomes virtually indistinguishable with fibroblasts of the cancer free gastric epithelium in these patients

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Strasser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gascard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schürch, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basisty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangwan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camilleri-Broet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fiset, P.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Djambazian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oikonomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fels-Elliott, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vernovsky, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimshoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collyar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragoussis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stachler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldenring, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ingber, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tlsty, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferri, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concerted epithelial and stromal changes during progression of Barrett's Esophagus to invasive adenocarcinoma exposed by multi-scale, multi-omics analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HNF4a regulates acyl chain remodeling and ether lipid accumulation in hepatic steatosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is an established transcriptional master regulator of differentiation, maintenance, and metabolism. Polymorphisms in HNF4 are linked to several diseases in humans including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Identifying novel regulation of lipid metabolism by HNF4 would inform on NAFLD development and progression. We directly assessed HNF4 activity through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and integration of untargeted lipidomics. Direct regulation by HNF4 can be difficult to assess due to the role of HNF4 in liver homeostasis; to rapidly disrupt activity, mice were exposed to cold stress which induces hepatic steatosis in several hours. Cold exposure shifted HNF4 activity with differential genome occupancy of more than 50% of HNF4 binding sites. Focusing on HNF4 binding to promoter with active transcription determined that HNF4 directly regulates fatty acid desaturation, ether lipid synthesis, and peroxisomal biogenesis in response to cold exposure. Integration of lipidomics found that cold exposure increases the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the hepatic lipid pool, including ether lipids, in an HNF4 dependent manner. Because portions of ether lipid synthesis are in the peroxisome and peroxisomal biogenesis is directly HNF4 regulated, we analyzed peroxisomal abundance and found increases with cold exposure that are ablated with loss of HNF4. This peroxisomal regulation was independent of PPAR-- a known regulator of peroxisomes and lipid metabolism--since loss of HNF4 was not rescued by PPAR overexpression. These data determined that regulation of hepatic steatosis by HNF4 is more complex than triglyceride accumulation and includes acyl chain modifications, ether lipid synthesis, and peroxisomal oxidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Von Bank, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoghegan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurtado-Thiele, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevalier, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attie, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simcox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HNF4a regulates acyl chain remodeling and ether lipid accumulation in hepatic steatosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D spheroid culturing of Astyanax mexicanus liver-derived cell lines recapitulates distinct transcriptomic and metabolic states of in vivo tissue environment. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro assays are crucial tools for gaining detailed insights into various biological processes, including metabolism. Cave morphs of the river-dwelling fish species, Astyanax mexicanus, have adapted their metabolism allowing them to thrive in the biodiversity-deprived and nutrient-limited environment of caves. Liver-derived cells from the cave and river morphs of Astyanax mexicanus have proven to be excellent in vitro resources to better understand the unique metabolism of these fish. However, the current 2D cultures have not fully captured the complex metabolic profile of the Astyanax liver. It is known that 3D culturing can modulate the transcriptomic state of cells when compared to its 2D monolayer culture. Therefore, in order to broaden the possibilities of the in vitro system by modeling a wider gamut of metabolic pathways, we cultured the liver-derived Astyanax cells of both surface and cavefish into 3D spheroids. We successfully established 3D cultures at various cell seeding densities for several weeks and characterized the resultant transcriptomic and metabolic variations. We found that the 3D cultured Astyanax cells represent a wider range of metabolic pathways, including cell cycle changes and antioxidant activities, associated with liver functioning as compared to its monolayer culture. Additionally, the spheroids also exhibited surface and cave-specific metabolic signatures, making it a suitable system for evolutionary studies associated with cave adaptation. Taken together, the liver-derived spheroids prove to be a promising in vitro model for widening our understanding of metabolism in Astyanax mexicanus and of vertebrates in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Biswas, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.09.544423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D spheroid culturing of Astyanax mexicanus liver-derived cell lines recapitulates distinct transcriptomic and metabolic states of in vivo tissue environment.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD22L Conjugation to Insulin Attenuates Insulin-Specific B cell Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic islet-reactive B lymphocytes promote Type 1 diabetes (T1D) by presenting antigen to islet-destructive T cells. Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal, delays T1D onset in patients at risk, but additional therapies are needed to prevent disease entirely. Therefore, bifunctional molecules were designed to selectively inhibit T1D-promoting anti-insulin B cells by conjugating a ligand for the B cell inhibitory receptor CD22 (i.e., CD22L) to insulin, which permit these molecules to concomitantly bind to anti-insulin B cell receptors (BCRs) and CD22. Two prototypes were synthesized: 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate on a 4-arm PEG backbone, and 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate. Transgenic mice (125TgSD) expressing anti-insulin BCRs provided cells for in vitro testing. Cells were cultured with constructs for three days then assessed by flow cytometry. Duplicate wells with anti-CD40 simulated T cell help. Surprisingly, a 2-insulin 4-arm PEG control caused robust proliferation and activation-induced CD86 upregulation. Anti-CD40 further boosted these effects. This was unexpected, as soluble insulin alone has no effect, and may indicate that BCR-crosslinking occurs when antigens are tethered by the PEG backbone. Addition of CD22L via the 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate restored B cell properties to that of controls without additional beneficial effect. In contrast, the 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate significantly reduced anti-insulin B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-CD40. CD22L alone had no effect, and the constructs did not affect WT B cells. Thus, high valency constructs activate anti-insulin B cells, while low-valency antigen-CD22L conjugates co-ligate BCR and CD22, reducing B cell activation in response to simulated T cell help and reducing pathogenic B cell numbers without harming normal cells. Thus, the insulin-CD22L direct conjugate is a promising candidate for preclinical trials to prevent T1D without inducing immunodeficiency
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Apley, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD22L Conjugation to Insulin Attenuates Insulin-Specific B cell Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary engineering a larger porin using a loop-to-hairpin mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.14.544993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In protein evolution, diversification is generally driven by genetic duplication. The hallmarks of this mechanism are visible in the repeating topology of various proteins. In outer membrane {beta}-barrels, duplication is visible with {beta}-hairpins as the repeating unit of the barrel. In contrast to the overall use of duplication in diversification, a computational study hypothesized evolutionary mechanisms other than hairpin duplications leading to increases in the number of strands in outer membrane {beta}-barrels. Specifically, the topology of some 16- and 18-stranded {beta}-barrels appear to have evolved through a loop to {beta}-hairpin transition. Here we test this novel evolutionary mechanism by creating a chimeric protein from an 18-stranded {beta}-barrel and an evolutionarily related 16-stranded {beta}-barrel. The chimeric combination of the two was created by replacing loop L3 of the 16-stranded barrel with the sequentially matched transmembrane {beta}-hairpin region of the 18-stranded barrel. We find the resulting chimeric protein is stable and has characteristics of increased strand number. This study provides the first experimental evidence supporting the evolution through a loop to {beta}-hairpin transition.

HighlightsO_LIWe find evidence supporting a novel diversification mechanism in membrane {beta}-barrels
C_LIO_LIThe mechanism is the conversion of an extracellular loop to transmembrane {beta}-hairpin
C_LIO_LIA chimeric protein modeling this mechanism folds stably in the membrane
C_LIO_LIThe chimera has more {beta}-structure and a larger pore, consistent with a loop-to-hairpin transition
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatungimana, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary engineering a larger porin using a loop-to-hairpin mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLOWERING LOCUS C drives delayed flowering in Arabidopsis grown and selected at elevated CO2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIAltered flowering time at elevated [CO2] is well documented, although mechanisms are not well understood. An Arabidopsis genotype previously selected for high fitness at elevated [CO2] (SG) showed delayed flowering and larger size at flowering when grown at elevated (700 ppm) versus current (380 ppm) [CO2]. This response was correlated with prolonged expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a vernalization-responsive floral repressor gene.
C_LIO_LITo determine if FLC directly delays flowering at elevated [CO2] in SG, we used vernalization (extended cold) to downregulate FLC expression. We hypothesized that vernalization would eliminate delayed flowering at elevated [CO2] through the direct reduction of FLC expression, eliminating differences in flowering time between current and elevated [CO2].
C_LIO_LIWe found that with downregulation of FLC expression via vernalization, SG plants grown at elevated [CO2] no longer delayed flowering compared to current [CO2]. Thus, vernalization returned the earlier flowering phenotype, counteracting effects of elevated [CO2] on flowering.
C_LIO_LIThis study indicates that elevated [CO2] can delay flowering directly through FLC, and downregulation of FLC under elevated [CO2] reverses this effect. Moreover, this study demonstrates that increasing [CO2] may potentially drive major changes in development through FLC.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Henderson-Carter, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kinmonth-Schultz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hileman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.15.545149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLOWERING LOCUS C drives delayed flowering in Arabidopsis grown and selected at elevated CO2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collective synchrony of mating signals modulated by ecological cues and social signals in bioluminescent sea fireflies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Individuals often employ simple rules that can emergently synchronise behaviour. Some collective behaviours are intuitively beneficial, but others like mate signalling in leks occur across taxa despite theoretical individual costs. Whether disparate instances of synchronous signalling are similarly organised is unknown, largely due to challenges observing many individuals simultaneously. Recording field collectives and ex situ playback experiments, we describe principles of synchronous bioluminescent signals produced by marine ostracods (Crustacea; Luxorina) that seem behaviorally convergent with terrestrial fireflies, and with whom they last shared a common ancestor over 500 mya. Like synchronous fireflies, groups of signalling males use visual cues (intensity and duration of light) to decide when to signal. Individual ostracods also modulate their signal based on the distance to nearest neighbours. During peak darkness, luminescent "waves" of synchronous displays emerge and ripple across the sea floor every [~]60 seconds, but such periodicity decays within and between nights after the full moon. Our data reveal these bioluminescent aggregations are sensitive to both ecological and social light sources. Because the function of collective signals is difficult to dissect, evolutionary convergence, like in the synchronous visual displays of diverse arthropods, provides natural replicates to understand the generalities that produce emergent group behaviour.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hensley, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivers, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrish, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collective synchrony of mating signals modulated by ecological cues and social signals in bioluminescent sea fireflies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545284v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endometrial cyclin A2 deficiency is associated with human female infertility and is recapitulated in a conditional knockout mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545284v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper action of the female sex steroids, 17{beta}-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on endometrium is essential for fertility. Beyond its role in regulating the cell cycle, cyclin A2 (CCNA2) also mediates E2 and P4 signaling in vitro, but a potential role in modulating steroid action for proper endometrial tissue development and function is unknown. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we examined human endometrial tissue from fertile and infertile women for CCNA2 expression and correlated this with pregnancy outcome. Functional assessment of CCNA2 was validated in vivo using a conditional Ccna2 uterine deficient mouse model while in vitro function was assessed using human cell culture models. We found that CCNA2 expression was significantly reduced in endometrial tissue, specifically the stromal cells, from women undergoing in vitro fertilization who failed to achieve pregnancy. Conditional deletion of Ccna2 from moue uterine tissue recapitulated the inability to achieve successful pregnancy which appears to be due to alterations in the process of decidualization, which was confirmed using in vitro models. From these studies, we conclude that CCNA2 expression during the proliferative/regenerative stage of the menstrual cycle acts as a safeguard allowing for proper steroid responsiveness, decidualization and pregnancy. When CCNA2 expression levels are insufficient there is impaired endometrial responsiveness, aberrant decidualization and loss of pregnancy.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=100 SRC="FIGDIR/small/545284v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@150b471org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@176a804org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@110a47dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19f186c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aljubran, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schumacher, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lydic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holoch, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nothnick, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545284</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endometrial cyclin A2 deficiency is associated with human female infertility and is recapitulated in a conditional knockout mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell and tissue specific manner 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.16.545351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to protein or nucleic acid substrates. This modification can be removed by several different types of proteins, including macrodomains. Several ARTs, also known as PARPs, are stimulated by interferon, indicating ADP-ribosylation is an important aspect of the innate immune response. All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that is critical for CoVs to replicate and cause disease, indicating that ADP-ribosylation can effectively control coronavirus infection. Our siRNA screen indicated that PARP12 might inhibit the replication of a MHV Mac1 mutant virus in bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). To conclusively demonstrate that PARP12 is a key mediator of the antiviral response to CoVs both in cell culture and in vivo, we produced PARP12-/- mice and tested the ability of MHV A59 (hepatotropic/neurotropic) and JHM (neurotropic) Mac1 mutant viruses to replicate and cause disease in these mice. Notably, in the absence of PARP12, Mac1 mutant replication was increased in BMDMs and in mice. In addition, liver pathology was also increased in A59 infected mice. However, the PARP12 knockout did not restore Mac1 mutant virus replication to WT virus levels in all cell or tissue types and did not significantly increase the lethality of Mac1 mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that while PARP12 inhibits MHV Mac1 mutant virus infection, additional PARPs or innate immune factors must contribute to the extreme attenuation of this virus in mice.

IMPORTANCEOver the last decade, the importance of ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), also known as PARPs, in the antiviral response has gained increased significance as several were shown to either restrict virus replication or impact innate immune responses. However, there are few studies showing ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication or pathogenesis in animal models. We found that the CoV macrodomain (Mac1) was required to prevent ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication in cell culture. Here, using knockout mice, we found that PARP12, an interferon-stimulated ART, was required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant CoV both in cell culture and in mice, demonstrating that PARP12 represses coronavirus replication. However, the deletion of PARP12 did not fully rescue Mac1 mutant virus replication or pathogenesis, indicating that multiple PARPs function to counter coronavirus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parthasarathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarting, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>More, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orozco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.16.545351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell and tissue specific manner]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GATA-regulated transcriptional program dictate cell fate equilibrium to establish the maternal-fetal exchange interface and fetal development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The placenta establishes a maternal-fetal exchange interface to transport nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. Establishment of this exchange interface relies on the development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (SynT) from trophoblast progenitors and defect in SynT development often leads to pregnancy failure and impaired embryonic development. Here, we show that mouse embryos with conditional deletion of GATA2 and GATA3 in labyrinth trophoblast progenitors have underdeveloped placenta and die [~] embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5). Single cell RNA Seq (scRNA-Seq) analysis revealed excessive accumulation of multipotent labyrinth trophoblast progenitors upon conditional deletion of GATA factors. The GATA factor-deleted multipotent progenitors were unable to differentiate to matured SynTs. We also show that the GATA factor-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. Loss of either GATA2 or GATA3 in cytotrophoblast (CTB)-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) drastically inhibits SynT differentiation potential. Identification of GATA2 and GATA3 target genes along with comparative bioinformatics analyses revealed that GATA factors directly regulate hundreds of common genes in human TSCs, including genes that are essential for SynT development and implicated in preeclampsia and fetal growth retardation. Thus, our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which coordinated function of GATA2 and GATA3 promote trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT commitment ensuring establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GATA-regulated transcriptional program dictate cell fate equilibrium to establish the maternal-fetal exchange interface and fetal development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since industrialization began, atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) has increased from 270 to 415 ppm and is projected to reach 800-1000 ppm this century. Some Arabidopsis ecotypes delayed flowering in elevated [CO2] relative to current [CO2], while others showed no change or accelerations. To predict genotype-specific flowering behaviors, we must understand the mechanisms driving flowering response to rising [CO2]. [CO2] changes alter photosynthesis and carbohydrates in C3 plants. Plants sense carbohydrate levels and exogenous carbohydrate application influences flowering time and flowering transcript levels. We asked how organismal changes in carbohydrates and transcription correlate with changes in flowering time under elevated [CO2]. We used a genotype (SG) of Arabidopsis that was selected for high fitness at elevated [CO2] (700 ppm). SG delays flowering under elevated [CO2] (700 ppm) relative to current [CO2] (400 ppm). We compared SG to a closely related control genotype (CG) that shows no [CO2]- induced flowering change. We compared metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles in these genotypes at current and elevated [CO2] to assess correlations with flowering in these conditions. While both genotypes altered carbohydrates in response to elevated [CO2], SG had higher levels of sucrose than CG and showed a stronger increase in glucose and fructose in elevated [CO2]. Both genotypes demonstrated transcriptional changes, with CG increasing genes related to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate breakdown, amino acid synthesis, and secondary metabolites; and SG decreasing genes related to starch and sugar metabolism, but increasing genes involved in oligosaccharide production and sugar modifications. Genes associated with flowering regulation within the photoperiod, vernalization, and meristem identity pathways were altered in these genotypes. Elevated [CO2] may act through carbohydrate changes to influence transcription in both genotypes and delayed flowering in SG. Changes in the oligosaccharide pool may contribute to delayed flowering in SG. This work extends the literature exploring genotypic-specific flowering responses to elevated [CO2].
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinmonth-Schultz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bingol, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyt, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markillie, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, H. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicora, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oligosaccharide production and signaling correlate with delayed flowering in an Arabidopsis genotype grown and selected in high]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The VEGF G-quadruplex forming promoter is repaired via long-patch BER 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In response to oxidative damage, base excision repair (BER) enzymes perturb the structural equilibrium of the VEGF promoter between B-form and G4 DNA conformations, resulting in epigenetic-like modifications of gene expression. However, the mechanistic details remain enigmatic, including the activity and coordination of BER enzymes on the damaged G4 promoter. To address this, we investigated the ability of each BER factor to conduct its repair activity on VEGF promoter G4 DNA substrates by employing pre-steady-state kinetics assays and in vitro coupled BER assays. OGG1 was able to initiate BER on double-stranded VEGF promoter G4 DNA substrates. Moreover, pre-steady-state kinetics revealed that compared to B-form DNA, APE1 repair activity on the G4 was decreased [~]2-fold and is the result of slower product release as opposed to inefficient strand cleavage. Interestingly, Pol {beta} performs multiple insertions on G4 substates via strand displacement DNA synthesis in contrast to a single insertion on B-form DNA. The multiple insertions inhibit ligation of the Pol {beta} products, and hence BER is not completed on the VEGF G4 promoter substrates through canonical short-patch BER. Instead, repair requires the long-patch BER flap-endonuclease activity of FEN1 in response to the multiple insertions by Pol {beta} prior to ligation. Because the BER proteins and their repair activities are a key part of the VEGF transcriptional enhancement in response to oxidative DNA damage of the G4 VEGF promoter, the new insights reported here on BER activity in the context of this promoter are relevant toward understanding the mechanism of transcriptional regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hussen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kravitz, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitaker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The VEGF G-quadruplex forming promoter is repaired via long-patch BER]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteasome condensate formation is driven by multivalent interactions with shuttle factors and K48-linked ubiquitin chains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.25.546446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stress conditions can cause the relocalization of proteasomes to condensates in yeast and mammalian cells. The interactions that facilitate the formation of proteasome condensates, however, are unclear. Here, we show that the formation of proteasome condensates in yeast depends on long K48-linked ubiquitin chains together with the proteasome shuttle factors Rad23 and Dsk2. These shuttle factors colocalize to these condensates. Strains deleted for the third shuttle factor gene, DDI1, show proteasome condensates in the absence of cellular stress, consistent with the accumulation of substrates with long K48-linked ubiquitin chains that accumulate in this mutant. We propose a model where the long K48-linked ubiquitin chains function as a scaffold for the ubiquitin binding domains of the shuttle factors and the proteasome, allowing for the multivalent interactions that further drive condensate formation. Indeed, we determined different intrinsic ubiquitin receptors of the proteasome (Rpn1, Rpn10, and Rpn13) are critical under different condensate inducing conditions. In all, our data support a model where the cellular accumulation of substrates with long ubiquitin chains, potentially due to reduced cellular energy, allows for proteasome condensate formation. This suggests that proteasome condensates are not simply for proteasome storage, but function to sequester soluble ubiquitinated substrates together with inactive proteasomes.

SignificanceStress conditions can cause the relocalization of proteasomes to condensates in yeast as well as mammalian cells. Our work shows that the formation of proteasome condensates in yeast depends on long K48-linked ubiquitin chains, the proteasome binding shuttle factors Rad23 and Dsk2 and proteasome intrinsic ubiquitin receptors. Here, different receptors are critical for different condensate inducers. These results indicate distinct condensates can form with specific functionality. Our identification of key factors involved in the process is crucial for understanding the function of proteasome relocalization to condensates. We propose that cellular accumulation of substrates with long ubiquitin chains results in the formation of condensates comprising those ubiquitinated substrates, proteasomes, and proteasome shuttle factors, where the ubiquitin chains serve as the scaffold for condensate formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Waite, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vontz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.25.546446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteasome condensate formation is driven by multivalent interactions with shuttle factors and K48-linked ubiquitin chains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electron microscopic and crystallographic studies of bacteriophage Sf6 procapsid-like particles assembled from heterologously expressed capsid protein gp5 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses undergo a capsid maturation process during assembly of infectious virus particles, which involves transformation of a metastable capsid precursor called procapsid into a stable, DNA-filled capsid usually with a larger size and a more angular shape. Sf6 is a tailed dsDNA bacteriophage that infects Shigella flexneri. The phage Sf6 capsid protein gp5 was heterologously expressed and purified. Electron microscopy showed that the gp5 spontaneously assembled into spherical, procapsid-like particles. We also observed tube-like and cone-shaped particles reminiscent of human immunodeficiency virus. The gp5 procapsid-like particles were crystallized and crystals diffracted beyond 4.3 [A] resolution. X-ray data at 5.9 [A] resolution were collected with a completeness of 31.1% and an overall Rmerge of 15.0%. The crystals belong to the space group C2 with unit cell dimensions of a=973.326 [A], b=568.234 [A], c=565.567 [A], and {beta}=120.540{degrees}. Self-rotation function showed the 532 symmetry, confirming formation of icosahedral particles. The particle was situated at the origin of the crystal unit cell with the icosahedral 2-fold axis coinciding with the crystallographic b axis, and there is a half of the icosahedral particle in the crystallographic asymmetric unit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electron microscopic and crystallographic studies of bacteriophage Sf6 procapsid-like particles assembled from heterologously expressed capsid protein gp5]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/203018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Paleo-Eskimos were the first people to settle vast regions of the American Arctic around 5,000 years ago, and were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yupik. The genetic relationship between Paleo-Eskimos and Native American populations remains uncertain. We analyze ancient and present-day genome-wide data from the Americas and Siberia, including new data from Alaskan Inupiat and West Siberian populations, and the first genome-wide DNA from ancient Aleutian Islanders, ancient northern Athabaskans, and a 4,250-year-old individual of the Chukotkan Ust'-Belaya culture. Employing new methods based on rare allele and haplotype sharing as well as established methods based on allele frequency correlations, we show that Paleo-Eskimo ancestry is widespread among populations who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut languages. Using phylogenetic modelling with allele frequency correlations and rare variation, we present a comprehensive model for the complex peopling of North America.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flegontov, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altinisik, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Changmai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolnick, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Candilio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flegontova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harper, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennett, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamnidis, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olalde, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raff, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sattler, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skoglund, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vajda, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasilyev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veselovskaya, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinhasi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiffels, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/203018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220210v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and calcineurin (Cn) interaction in ALS: A presumed consequence for TDP-43 and zinc aggregation in Tg SOD1G93A rodent spinal cord tissue. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/220210v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Impaired interactions between Calcineurin (Cn) and (Cu/Zn) superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are suspected to be responsible for the formation of hyperphosphorylated protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Serine (Ser)-enriched TDP-43 protein aggregation appears in the spinal cord of ALS animal models, and may be linked to the reduced phosphatase activity of Cn. The mutant overexpressed SOD1G93A protein does not properly bind zinc (Zn) in animal models; hence, mutant SOD1G93A - Cn interaction weakens. Consequently, unstable Cn fails to dephosphorylate TDP-43 that yields hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates. Our previous studies had suggested that Cn and SOD1 interaction was necessary to keep Cn enzyme functional. We have observed low Cn level, increased Zn concentrations, and increased TDP-43 protein levels in cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal cord tissue homogenates. This study further supports our previous published work indicating that Cn stability depends on functional Cn-SOD1 interaction because Zn metal is crucial for maintaining the Cn stability. Less active Cn did not efficiently dephosphorylate TDP-43; hence TDP-43 aggregations appeared in the spinal cord tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billington, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Notarianni, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sage, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monast, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agbas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/220210</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and calcineurin (Cn) interaction in ALS: A presumed consequence for TDP-43 and zinc aggregation in Tg SOD1G93A rodent spinal cord tissue.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Actin Redundancy in Chlamydomonas is Required for Flagellar Protein Synthesis and Gating 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/227553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Flagella of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are nearly identical to cilia of mammalian cells and provide an excellent model to study ciliogenesis. These biflagellated cells have two actin genes: one encoding a conventional actin (IDA5) and the other encoding a divergent novel actin-like protein (NAP1). Previously, we described a role for actin in the regulation of flagella-building intraflagellar transport machinery. Here, we probe how actin redundancy contributes to this process using a nap1 mutant Chlamydomonas strain. Disruption of a single actin allows normal or slower incorporation but complete flagellar assembly. However, when we disrupt both actins using Latrunculin B (LatB) treatment on the nap1 mutant background, we find flagellar growth from newly synthesized limiting flagellar proteins is actin-dependent. Upon total actin disruption during flagellar assembly, transmission electron microscopy identified an accumulation of Golgi-adjacent vesicles, suggesting impaired vesicular trafficking may be the mechanism by which actin supports flagellar growth from new flagellar proteins. We also find there is a mislocalization of a key transition zone gating and ciliopathy protein, NPHP-4. Extended (2 hour) treatment with LatB, a condition under which NAP1 is upregulated, restores NPHP-4 localization. This suggests NAP1 can perform the functions of conventional actin at the transition zone. Our experiments demonstrate that each stage of flagellar biogenesis requires redundant actin function to varying degrees, with an absolute requirement for these actins in transport of Golgi-adjacent vesicles and flagellar incorporation of newly synthesized proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jack, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fee, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tetlow, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avasthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/227553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Actin Redundancy in Chlamydomonas is Required for Flagellar Protein Synthesis and Gating]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terrestrial effects of moderately nearby supernovae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/230847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent data indicate one or more moderately nearby supernovae in the early Pleistocene, with additional events likely in the Miocene. This has motivated more detailed computations, using new information about the nature of supernovae and the distances of these events to describe in more detail the sorts of effects that are indicated at the Earth. This short communication/review is designed to describe some of these effects so that they may possibly be related to changes in the biota around these times.nnSummaryIt has been known for some time that moderately nearby supernovae may have substantial effects on the Earth. Events at {small tilde}150 light years will happen on average every few Myr, but will tend to happen in groups, with long periods between with no events. The effects of cosmic rays from such events appears to be greater than estimated previously. Ozone depletion and the increase of hazardous UVB continues to be important, but new effects come to the fore. Muon irradiation on the ground and hundreds of meters down into the ocean will increase cancer and mutation rates, the differences being most notable in terrestrial megafauna and benthic organisms. Typically larger organisms live long enough to develop cancer; in microorganisms the primary effects would be associated with mutation rates. Atmospheric ionization in the troposphere will greatly increase lightning rates, with a concomitant increase in the rate of wildfires.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melott, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/230847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terrestrial effects of moderately nearby supernovae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLAN: the CrossLinked reads ANalysis tool 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The crosslinked RNA sequencing technology ligates interacting RNA strands followed by next-generation sequencing. Mapping of the resulting duplex reads allows for functional inference of the corresponding intramolecular/intermolecular RNA-RNA interactions. However, duplex read mapping remains computationally challenging, and the existing best-performing software fails to map a significant portion of the duplex reads. To address this challenge, we develop a novel algorithm for duplex read mapping, called CrossLinked reads ANalysis tool (CLAN). CLAN demonstrates drastically improved sensitivity and high alignment accuracy when applied to real crosslinked RNA sequencing data. CLAN is implemented in GNU C++, and is freely available from http://sourceforge.net/projects/clan-mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/233841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLAN: the CrossLinked reads ANalysis tool]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Muon Radiation Dose and Marine Megafaunal Extinction at the end-Pliocene Supernova 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/240093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Considerable data and analysis support the detection of a supernova at a distance of about 50 pc, ~2.6 million years ago. This is possibly related to the extinction event around that time and is a member of a series of explosions which formed the Local Bubble in the interstellar medium. We build on the assumptions made in previous work, and propagate the muon flux from supernova-initiated cosmic rays from the surface to the depths of the ocean. We find that the radiation dose from the muons will exceed the total present surface dose from all sources at depths up to a kilometer and will persist for at least the lifetime of marine megafauna. It is reasonable to hypothesize that this increase in radiation load may have contributed to a newly documented marine megafaunal extinction at that time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melott, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marinho, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulucci, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/240093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Muon Radiation Dose and Marine Megafaunal Extinction at the end-Pliocene Supernova]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/256123v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lineage space and the propensity of bacterial cells to undergo growth transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/256123v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The molecular makeup of the offspring of a dividing cell gradually becomes phenotypically decorrelated from the parent cell by noise and regulatory mechanisms that amplify phenotypic heterogeneity. Such regulatory mechanisms form networks that contain thresholds between phenotypes. Populations of cells can be poised near the threshold so that a subset of the population probabilistically undergoes the phenotypic transition. We sought to characterize the diversity of bacterial populations around a growth-modulating threshold via analysis of the effect of non-genetic inheritance, similar to conditions that create antibiotictolerant persister cells and other examples of bet hedging. Using simulations and experimental lineage data in Escherichia coli, we present evidence that regulation of growth amplifies the dependence of growth arrest on cellular lineage, causing clusters of related cells undergo growth arrest in certain conditions. Our simulations predict that lineage correlations and the sensitivity of growth to changes in toxin levels coincide in a critical regime. Below the critical regime, the sizes of related growth arrested clusters are distributed exponentially, while in the critical regime clusters sizes are more likely to become large. Furthermore, phenotypic diversity can be nearly as high as possible near the critical regime, but for most parameter values it falls far below the theoretical limit. We conclude that lineage information is indispensable for understanding regulation of cellular growth.nnAuthor SummaryOne of the most important characteristics of a cell is whether it is growing. Actively growing cells can multiply exponentially. In the case of infections and cancer, growth causes problems for the host organism. On the other hand, cells that have stopped growing can allocate cellular resources toward different activities, such as bacteria surviving antibiotics and tissues in multicellular organisms performing their physiological roles. Observing small bacterial colonies in a microscope over time, we have found that cells closely related to each other often have similar growth state. We were curious if lineage dependence was an intrinsic property of growth regulation or if other factors were needed to explain this effect. We therefore built a computational model of a growing and dividing cellular colony with an encoded growth regulation network. We found that regulation of growth is sufficient for lineage dependence to emerge. We next asked if lineage dependence constrains how diverse the cellular population can become. We found that cellular diversity can reach a peak that is nearly as high as possible near the conditions that have the highest lineage dependence, but that most conditions do not permit such high diversity. We conclude that lineage is an important constraint and discuss how the growth arrest transition is in some ways like a phase transition from physics, and in some ways strikingly different, making it a unique phenomenon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bandyopadhyay, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/256123</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lineage space and the propensity of bacterial cells to undergo growth transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265066v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Atypical Rho GTPase CHW-1 Works With SAX-3/Robo to Mediate Axon Guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/265066v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During development, neuronal cells extend an axon towards their target destination in response to a cue to form a properly functioning nervous system. Rho proteins, Ras-related small GTPases that regulate cytoskeletal organization and dynamics, cell adhesion, and motility, are known to regulate axon guidance. Despite extensive knowledge about canonical Rho proteins (RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42), little is known about the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) atypical Cdc42-like family members CHW-1 and CRP-1 in regards to axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. chw-1(Chp/Wrch) encodes a protein that resembles human Chp (Wrch-2/RhoV) and Wrch-1 (RhoU), and crp-1 encodes for a protein that resembles TC10 and TCL. Here, we show that chw-1 works redundantly with crp-1 and cdc-42 in axon guidance. Furthermore, proper levels of chw-1 expression and activity are required for proper axon guidance. When examining CHW-1 GTPase mutants, we found that the native CHW-1 protein is likely partially activated, and mutations at a conserved residue (position 12 using Ras numbering, position 18 in CHW-1) alter axon guidance and neural migration. Additionally, we showed that chw-1 genetically interacts with the guidance receptor sax-3 in PDE neurons. Finally, in VD/DD motor neurons, chw-1 works downstream of sax-3 to control axon guidance. In summary, this is the first study implicating the atypical Rho GTPases chw-1 and crp-1 in axon guidance. Furthermore, this is the first evidence of genetic interaction between chw-1 and the guidance receptor sax-3. These data suggest that chw-1 is likely acting downstream and/or in parallel to sax-3 in axon guidance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magsig, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demarco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/265066</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Atypical Rho GTPase CHW-1 Works With SAX-3/Robo to Mediate Axon Guidance in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comment on "Species are not most abundant in the center of their geographic range or climatic niche" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/266510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A study recently published argued against a relationship between population density and position in geographic and environmental spaces. We found a number of methodological problems underlying the analysis. We discuss the main issues and conclude that these problems hinder a robust conclusion about the original question.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Olvera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/266510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comment on "Species are not most abundant in the center of their geographic range or climatic niche"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-quality genome assemblies of 15 Drosophila species generated using Nanopore sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Drosophila genus is a unique group containing a wide range of species that occupy diverse ecosystems. In addition to the most widely studied species, Drosophila melanogaster, many other members in this genus also possess a well-developed set of genetic tools. Indeed, high-quality genomes exist for several species within the genus, facilitating studies of the function and evolution of cis-regulatory regions and proteins by allowing comparisons across at least 50 million years of evolution. Yet, the available genomes still fail to capture much of the substantial genetic diversity within the Drosophila genus. We have therefore tested protocols to rapidly and inexpensively sequence and assemble the genome from any Drosophila species using single-molecule sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore. Here, we use this technology to present high-quality genome assemblies of 15 Drosophila species: 10 of the 12 originally sequenced Drosophila species (ananassae, erecta, mojavensis, persimilis, pseudoobscura, sechellia, simulans, virilis, willistoni, and yakuba), four additional species that had previously reported assemblies (biarmipes, bipectinata, eugracilis, and mauritiana), and one novel assembly (triauraria). Genomes were generated from an average of 29x depth-of-coverage data that after assembly resulted in an average contig N50 of 4.4 Mb. Subsequent alignment of contigs from the published reference genomes demonstrates that our assemblies could be used to close over 60% of the gaps present in the currently published reference genomes. Importantly, the materials and reagents cost for each genome was approximately $1,000 (USD). This study demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of long-read sequencing for genome assembly in Drosophila and provides a framework for the affordable sequencing and assembly of additional Drosophila genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeitlinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-quality genome assemblies of 15 Drosophila species generated using Nanopore sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid low-cost assembly of the Drosophila melanogaster reference genome using low-coverage, long-read sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate and comprehensive characterization of genetic variation is essential for deciphering the genetic basis of diseases and other phenotypes. A vast amount of genetic variation stems from large-scale sequence changes arising from the duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation of sequences. In the past 10 years, high-throughput short reads have greatly expanded our ability to assay sequence variation due to single nucleotide polymorphisms. However, a recent de novo assembly of a second Drosophila melanogaster reference genome has revealed that short read genotyping methods miss hundreds of structural variants, including those affecting phenotypes. While genomes assembled using high-coverage long reads can achieve high levels of contiguity and completeness, concerns about cost, errors, and low yield have limited widespread adoption of such sequencing approaches. Here we resequenced the reference strain of D. melanogaster (ISO1) on a single Oxford Nanopore MinION flow cell run for 24 hours. Using only reads longer than 1 kb or with at least 30x coverage, we assembled a highly contiguous de novo genome. The addition of inexpensive paired reads and subsequent scaffolding using an optical map technology achieved an assembly with completeness and contiguity comparable to the D. melanogaster reference assembly. Comparison of our assembly to the reference assembly of ISO1 uncovered a number of structural variants (SVs), including novel LTR transposable element insertions and duplications affecting genes with developmental, behavioral, and metabolic functions. Collectively, these SVs provide a snapshot of the dynamics of genome evolution. Furthermore, our assembly and comparison to the D. melanogaster reference genome demonstrates that high-quality de novo assembly of reference genomes and comprehensive variant discovery using such assemblies are now possible by a single lab for under $1,000 (USD).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Solares, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalsow, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid low-cost assembly of the Drosophila melanogaster reference genome using low-coverage, long-read sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268029v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efflux Pumps Represent Possible Evolutionary Convergence onto the Beta Barrel Fold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268029v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are around 100 types of integral outer membrane proteins in each Gram negative bacteria. All of these proteins have the same fold--an up-down {beta}-barrel. It has been suggested that all membrane {beta}-barrels other than lysins are homologous. Here we suggest that {beta}-barrels of efflux pumps have converged on this fold as well. By grouping structurally-solved outer membrane {beta}-barrels (OMBBs) by sequence we find evidence that the membrane environment may have led to convergent evolution of the barrel fold. Specifically, the lack of sequence linkage to other barrels coupled with distinctive structural differences, such as differences in strand tilt and barrel radius, suggest that efflux pumps have evolutionarily converged on the barrel. Finally, we find a possible ancestor for the OMBB efflux pumps as they are related to periplasmic components of the same pumps.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nepomnyachiy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Tal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodny, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/268029</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efflux Pumps Represent Possible Evolutionary Convergence onto the Beta Barrel Fold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268813v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ADAR1 A-to-I RNA alters codon usage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/268813v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundFully grown mammalian oocytes and eggs are transcriptionally quiescent, and therefore have a unique RNA environment in which cellular processes depend on post-transcriptional regulation. RNA editing of adenosines into inosines (A-to-I) by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) is a common post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism, yet it has not been systematically studied in oocytes.nnResultsA genome-wide RNA editing analysis of transcriptionally active growing oocytes from postnatal day 12 (PND12) mice, fully grown germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, and transcriptionally quiescent metaphase II (MII) eggs indicates an abundant amount of A-to-I editing of mRNA transcripts. Editing of mRNA was greatest in GV oocyte and MII eggs compared to the PND12 immature oocytes, this was consistent with ADAR1 levels within these cells. Compared to somatic tissues, oocytes exhibited a different pattern of RNA editing, with a high proportion of RNA edits occurring in the coding regions. These edits resulted in nucleotide substitutions that were enriched at the third nucleotide of the codon (wobble position). Codon usage can affect mRNA stability and translation efficiency.nnConclusionsRNA editing in mouse oocytes is distinct from RNA editing in somatic cells due to increased frequencies of coding sequence RNA edits. We provide evidence in support of a previously unreported phenomenon of selective ADAR1 editing of the codon wobble position. Editing of the wobble position has the potential to fine tune post-transcriptional gene regulation through altering codon usage. This important observation advances our current understanding of RNA editing in mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brachova, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Latham, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christenson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/268813</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ADAR1 A-to-I RNA alters codon usage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species delimitation and biogeography of the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens (Aves: Polioptilidae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/271494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The New World avian family Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers and gnatwrens) is distributed from Argentina to Canada and includes 15 species and more than 60 subspecies. No study to date has evaluated phylogenetic relationships within this family and the historical pattern of diversification within the group remains unknown. Moreover, species limits, particularly in widespread taxa that show geographic variation, remain unclear. In this study, we delimited species and estimated phylogenetic relationships using multilocus data for the entire family. We then used the inferred diversity along with alternative taxonomic classification schemes to evaluate how lumping and splitting of both taxa and geographical areas influenced biogeographic inference. Species-tree analyses grouped Polioptilidae into four main clades: Microbates, Ramphocaenus, a Polioptila guianensis complex, and the remaining members of Polioptila. Ramphocaenus melanurus was sister to the clade containing M. cinereiventris and M. collaris, which formed a clade sister to all species within Polioptila. Polioptila was composed of two clades, the first of which included the P. guianensis complex; the other contained all remaining species in the genus. Using multispecies coalescent modeling, we inferred a more than 3-fold increase in species diversity, of which 87% represent currently recognized species or subspecies. Much of this diversity corresponded to subspecies that occur in the Neotropics. We identified three polyphyletic species, and delimited 4-6 previously undescribed candidate taxa. Probabilistic modeling of geographic ranges on the species tree indicated that the family likely had an ancestral origin in South America, with all three genera independently colonizing North America. Support for this hypothesis, however, was sensitive to the taxonomic classification scheme used and the number of geographical areas allowed. Our study proposes the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Polioptilidae and provides genealogical support for the reclassification of species limits. Species limits and the resolution of geographical areas that taxa inhabit influence the inferred spatial diversification history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryson, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mauck, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaves, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleixo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klicka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/271494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species delimitation and biogeography of the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens (Aves: Polioptilidae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intermediate filaments EXC-2 and IFA-4 Maintain Luminal Structure of the Tubular Excretory Canals in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The excretory canals of Caenorhabditis elegans are a model for understanding the maintenance of apical morphology in narrow single-celled tubes. Light and electron microscopy shows that mutants in exc-2 start to form canals normally, but these swell to develop large fluid-filled cysts that lack a complete terminal web at the apical surface, and accumulate filamentous material in the canal lumen. Here, whole-genome sequencing and gene rescue show that exc-2 encodes intermediate filament protein IFC-2. EXC-2/IFC-2 protein, fluorescently tagged via CRISPR/Cas9, is located at the apical surface of the canals independently of other intermediate filament proteins. EXC-2 is also located in several other tissues, though the tagged isoforms are not seen in the larger intestinal tube. Tagged EXC-2 binds via pulldown to intermediate filament protein IFA-4, which is also shown to line the canal apical surface. Overexpression of either protein results in narrow but shortened canals. These results are consistent with a model whereby three intermediate filaments in the canals, EXC-2, IFA-4, and IFB-1, restrain swelling of narrow tubules in concert with actin filaments that guide the extension and direction of tubule outgrowth, while allowing the tube to bend as the animal moves.nnArticle SummaryThe C. elegans excretory canals form a useful model for understanding formation of narrow tubes. exc-2 mutants start to form normal canals that then swell into fluid-filled cysts. We show that exc-2 encodes a large intermediate filament (IF) protein previously not thought to be located in the canals. EXC-2 is located at the apical (luminal) membrane, binds to another IF protein, and appears to be one of three IF proteins that form a flexible meshwork to maintain the thin canal diameter. This work provides a genetically useful model for understanding the interactions of IF proteins with other cytoskeletal elements to regulate tube size and growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Hashimi, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buechner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intermediate filaments EXC-2 and IFA-4 Maintain Luminal Structure of the Tubular Excretory Canals in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synaptonemal complex architecture facilitates the chromosome-specific regulation of recombination in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/277764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a conserved meiotic structure that regulates the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) into crossovers or gene conversions. The removal of any central region SC component, such as the Drosophila melanogaster transverse filament protein C(3)G, causes a complete loss of SC structure and crossovers. To better understand the role of the SC in meiosis, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to construct three in-frame deletions within the predicted coiled-coil region of the C(3)G protein. These three deletion mutants disrupt SC maintenance at different times during pachytene and exhibit distinct defects in key meiotic processes, allowing us to define the stages of pachytene when the SC is necessary for homolog pairing and recombination. Our studies demonstrate that the X chromosome and the autosomes display substantially different defects in pairing and recombination when SC structure is disrupted, suggesting that the X chromosome is potentially regulated differently than the autosomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cahoon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heenan, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unruh, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/277764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synaptonemal complex architecture facilitates the chromosome-specific regulation of recombination in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extensive horizontal exchange of transposable elements in the Drosophila pseudoobscura group 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/284117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the horizontal transfer of a parasitic element can be a potentially catastrophic, it is increasingly recognized as a common occurrence. The horizontal exchange, or lack of exchange, of TE content between species results in different levels of divergence among a species group in the mobile component of their genomes. Here, we examine differences in the TE content of the Drosophila pseudoobscura species group. We identify several putative horizontal transfer events, and examine the role that horizontal transfer plays in the spread of TE families to new species and the homogenization of TE content in these species. Despite rampant exchange of TE families between species, we find that both TE content differs hugely across the group, likely due to differing activity of each TE family and differing suppression of TEs due to divergence in Y chromosome size, and its resulting effects of TE regulation. Overall, we show that TE content is highly dynamic in this species group, and that it plays a large role in shaping the differences seen between species.nnData availabilityAll data used in this study (summarized in table S1) is freely available online through the NCBI short read archive (NCBI SRA: ERR127385, SRR330416, SRR330418, SRR1925723, SRR330426, SRR330420, SRR330423, SRR617430-74). All genomes used are either available through Flybase.org or Popoolation.at.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betancourt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/284117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extensive horizontal exchange of transposable elements in the Drosophila pseudoobscura group]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into the conformational plasticity of the full-length trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein precursor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/288472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates viral entry into cells and is the major target for the host antibody response. In infected cells, the mature Env [(gp120/gp41)3] is produced by cleavage of a trimeric gp160 precursor. Proteolytic cleavage decreases Env conformational flexibility, allowing the mature Env to resist antibody binding to conserved elements. The conformational plasticity of the Env precursor skews the humoral immune response towards the elicitation of ineffectual antibodies, contributing to HIV-1 persistence in the infected host. The structural basis for the plasticity of the Env precursor remains elusive. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to visualize two coexisting conformational states of the full-length Env precursor at nominal resolutions of 5.5 and 8.0 [A]. The State-P2 conformation features a three-helix bundle of the gp41 heptad repeat region in the core, but has disordered membrane-interactive regions. State-P1 trimers lack the three-helix bundle and instead retain ordered transmembrane and membrane-proximal external regions embracing a central cavity. Our structural data shed light on the unusual plasticity of the Env precursor and provide new clues to Env immunogen discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinbock, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desaire, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kappes, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sodroski, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/288472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into the conformational plasticity of the full-length trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein precursor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UNC-6/Netrin and its Receptors UNC-5 and UNC-40/DCC Control Growth Cone Polarity, Microtubule Accumulation, and Protrusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/294215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many axon guidance ligands and their receptors have been identified, but it is still unclear how these ligand-receptor interactions regulate events in the growth cone, such as protrusion and cytoskeletal arrangement, during directed outgrowth in vivo. In this work, we dissect the multiple and complex effects of UNC-6/Netrin on the growth cone. Previous studies showed that in C. elegans, the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 regulates growth cone polarity, as evidenced by loss of asymmetric dorsal F-actin localization and protrusion in unc-5 mutants. UNC-5 and another UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-40/DCC also regulate the extent of protrusion, with UNC-40/DCC driving protrusion and UNC-5 inhibiting protrusion. In this work we analyze the roles of UNC-6/Netrin, UNC-40/DCC, and UNC-5 in coordinating growth cone F-actin localization, microtubule organization, and protrusion that results in directed outgrowth away from UNC-6/Netrin. We find that a previously-described pathway involving the UNC-73/Trio Rac GEF and UNC-33/CRMP that acts downstream of UNC-5, regulates growth cone dorsal asymmetric F-actin accumulation and protrusion. unc-5 and unc-33 mutants also display excess EBP-2::GFP puncta, suggesting that MT + end accumulation is important in growth cone polarity and/or protrusion. unc-73 Rac GEF mutants did not display excess EBP-2::GFP puncta despite larger and more protrusive growth cones, indicating a MT-independent mechanism to polarize the growth cone and to inhibit protrusion, possibly via actin. Finally, we show that UNC-6/Netrin and UNC-40/DCC are required for excess protrusion in unc-5 mutants, but not for loss of F-actin asymmetry or MT + end accumulation, indicating that UNC-6/Netrin and UNC-40/DCC are required for protrusion downstream of F-actin asymmetry and MT + end entry. Our data suggest a model in which UNC-6/Netrin polarizes the growth cone via UNC-5, and then regulates a balance of pro- and anti-protrusive forces driven by UNC-40 and UNC-5, respectively, that result in directed protrusion and outgrowth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gujar, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundararajan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stricker, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/294215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UNC-6/Netrin and its Receptors UNC-5 and UNC-40/DCC Control Growth Cone Polarity, Microtubule Accumulation, and Protrusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/298893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Balancing selection drives maintenance of geneticvariation in Drosophila antimicrobial peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/298893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genes involved in immune defense against pathogens provide some of the most well-known examples of both directional and balancing selection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effector genes, playing a key role in pathogen clearance in many species, including Drosophila. Conflicting lines of evidence have suggested AMPs may be under directional, balancing or purifying selection. Here, we use a case-control gene approach to show that balancing selection is an important force shaping AMP diversity in two species of Drosophila. In D. melanogaster, this is most clearly observed in ancestral African populations. Furthermore, the signature of balancing selection is even clearer once background selection has been accounted for. Balancing selection also acts on AMPs in D. mauritiana, an isolated island endemic separated from D. melanogaster by about 4 million years of evolution. This suggests that balancing selection may be acting to maintain adaptive diversity in AMPs in insects as it does in other taxa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/298893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Balancing selection drives maintenance of geneticvariation in Drosophila antimicrobial peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tight Turns of Outer Membrane Proteins: An Analysis of Sequence, Structure, and Hydrogen Bonding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
I.As a structural class, tight turns can control molecular recognition, enzymatic activity, and nucleation of folding. They have been extensively characterized in soluble proteins but have not been characterized in outer membrane proteins (OMPs), where they also support critical functions. We clustered the 4-6 residue tight turns of 110 OMPs to characterize the phi/psi angles, sequence, and hydrogen bonding of these structures. We find significant differences between reports of soluble protein tight turns and OMP tight turns. Since OMP strands are less twisted than soluble strands they favor different turn structures types. Moreover, the membrane localization of OMPs yields different sequence hallmarks for their tight turns relative to soluble protein turns. We also characterize the differences in phi/psi angles, sequence, and hydrogen bonding between OMP extracellular loops and OMP periplasmic turns. As previously noted, the extracellular loops tend to be much longer than the periplasmic turns. We find that this difference in length is due to the broader distribution of lengths of the extracellular loops not a large difference in the median length. Extracellular loops also tend to have more charged residues as predicted by the charge-out rule. Finally, in all OMP tight turns, hydrogen bonding between the sidechain and backbone two to four residues away plays an important role. These bonds preferentially use an Asp, Asn, Ser or Thr residue in a beta or pro phi/psi conformation. We anticipate that this study will be applicable to future design and structure prediction of OMPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/304287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tight Turns of Outer Membrane Proteins: An Analysis of Sequence, Structure, and Hydrogen Bonding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) Activation is Essential for Termination of Liver Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/304808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is critical for hepatic differentiation. Recent studies have highlighted its role in inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation and tumor suppression. However, the role of HNF4 in liver regeneration is not known. We hypothesized that hepatocytes modulate HNF4 activity when navigating between differentiated and proliferative states during liver regeneration. Western blot analysis revealed a rapid decline in nuclear and cytoplasmic HNF4 protein levels accompanied with decreased target gene expression within 1 hour after 2/3 partial hepatectomy (post-PH) in C57BL/6J mice. HNF4 protein expression did not recover to the pre-PH levels until day 3. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of HNF4 (HNF4-KO) in mice resulted in 100% mortality post-PH despite increased proliferative marker expression throughout regeneration. Sustained loss of HNF4 target gene expression throughout regeneration indicated HNF4-KO mice were unable to compensate for loss of HNF4 transcriptional activity. Deletion of HNF4 resulted in sustained proliferation accompanied by c-myc and cyclin D1 over expression and a complete deficiency of hepatocyte function after PH. Interestingly, overexpression of degradation-resistant HNF4 in hepatocytes did not prevent initiation of regeneration after PH. Finally, AAV8-mediated reexpression of HNF4 in hepatocytes of HNF4-KO mice post-PH restored HNF4 protein levels, induced target gene expression and improved survival of HNF4-KO mice post-PH. In conclusion, these data indicate that HNF4 reexpression following initial decrease is critical for hepatocytes to exit from cell cycle and resume function during the termination phase of liver regeneration. These results reveal the role of HNF4 in liver regeneration and have implications for therapy of liver failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espanol-Suner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willenbring, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/304808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) Activation is Essential for Termination of Liver Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated O-GlcNAcylation Enhances Pro-Inflammatory Th17 Function by Altering the Lipid Microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic, low-grade inflammation increases the risk of atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmunity in diseases like obesity and diabetes. Here, we show that increased levels of the nutrient-responsive, post-translational protein modification, O-GlcNAc (O-linked {beta}-N-acetylglucosamine) are present in naive CD4+ T cells from a diet-induced obesity murine model, and elevation in O-GlcNAc leads to increased pro-inflammatory IL-17A production. Importantly, CD4+ T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which secrete IL-17A, are increased in obesity and contribute to the inflammatory milieu. We found increased binding of the Th17 master transcription factor, ROR{gamma}t, at the IL-17 locus and significant alterations in the lipid microenvironment, leading to increased ligands capable of increasing ROR{gamma}t transcriptional activity. Importantly, the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), is necessary for production of these ROR{gamma}t activating ligands and is O-GlcNAcylated. Thus, we have identified O-GlcNAc as a critical link between excess nutrients and pathological inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Machacek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villar, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artigues, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lydic, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/305722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated O-GlcNAcylation Enhances Pro-Inflammatory Th17 Function by Altering the Lipid Microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of Environmentally-Enforced, Repeat Protein Topology in the Outer Membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer membrane beta barrels (OMBBs) are the proteins on the surface of Gram negative bacteria. These proteins have diverse functions but only a single topology, the beta barrel. It has been suggested that this common fold is a repeat protein with the repeating unit of a beta hairpin. By grouping structurally solved OMBBs by sequence, a detailed evolutionary story unfolds. A strand-number based pathway manifests with progression from a primordial 8-stranded barrel to 16-stranded and then to 18-stranded barrels. The transitions from 16- to 18-stranded barrels show mechanisms of strand number variation without domain duplication, such as a loop to hairpin transition. This indicates that repeat protein topology can be perpetuated without genetic duplication likely because the topology is being enforced by the membrane environment. Moreover, we find the evolutionary trace is particularly prominent in the C-terminal half of OMBBs which may be relevant to understanding OMBB folding pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franklin, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nepomnyaciy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben-Tal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolodny, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/309393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of Environmentally-Enforced, Repeat Protein Topology in the Outer Membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/330159v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A synthesis of mapping experiments reveals extensive genomic structural diversity in the Mimulus guttatus species complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/330159v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding genomic structural variation such as inversions and translocations is a key challenge in evolutionary genetics. In this paper, we tackle this challenge by developing a novel statistical approach to comparative genetic mapping. The procedure couples a Hidden Markov Model with a Genetic Algorithm to detect large-scale structural variation using low-level sequencing data from multiple genetic mapping populations. We demonstrate the method using five distinct crosses within the flowering plant genus Mimulus. The synthesis of data from these experiments is first used to correct numerous errors (misplaced sequences) in the M. guttatus reference genome. Second, we confirm and/or detect eight large inversions polymorphic within the M. guttatus species complex. Finally, we show how this method can be applied in genomic scans to improve the accuracy and resolution of Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYGenome sequences have proved to be a critical experimental resource for genetic research in many species. However, in some species there is considerable variation in genomic organization, making a single reference genome sequence inadequate. This variation can cause issues in interpreting genomic signals, such as those coming from trait mapping. We introduce a new statistical method and computational tools that use linkage information to reorganize a single reference genome to 1) repair genome assembly errors, and 2) identify variation between individuals or populations of the same species. Using this method we can create a new genome order that improves upon the reference genome. We apply this method to five crosses among plants in the Mimulus guttatus species complex. In this system we detect eight large chromosomal inversions and improve the resolution of a trait mapping study. This work highlights the utility of our method, and indicates how others studying diverse species might use them to improve their own research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flagel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackman, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monnahan, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweigart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/330159</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A synthesis of mapping experiments reveals extensive genomic structural diversity in the Mimulus guttatus species complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/332270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel method for systematic genetic analysis and visualization of phenotypic heterogeneity applied to orofacial clefts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/332270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a hallmark of complex traits, and genetic studies may focus on the trait as a whole or on individual subgroups. For example, in orofacial clefting (OFC), three subtypes - cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), and cleft palate (CP) have been studied separately and in combination. It is more challenging, however, to dissect the genetic architecture and describe how a given locus may be contributing to distinct subtypes of a trait. We developed a framework for quantifying and interpreting evidence of subtype-specific or shared genetic effects in complex traits. We applied this technique to create a "cleft map" of the association of 30 genetic loci with three OFC subtypes. In addition to new associations, we found loci with subtype-specific effects (e.g., GRHL3 (CP), WNT5A (CLP)), as well as loci associated with two or all three subtypes. We cross-referenced these results with mouse craniofacial gene expression datasets, which identified promising candidate genes. However, we found no strong correlation between OFC subtypes and expression patterns. In aggregate, the cleft map revealed neither subtype-specific nor shared genetic effects operate in isolation in OFC architecture. Our approach can be easily applied to any complex trait with distinct phenotypic subgroups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carlson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buxo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deleyiannis, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hecht, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Uribe, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orioli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaffer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehby, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weinberg, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murray, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beaty, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lachke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marazita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feingold, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/332270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel method for systematic genetic analysis and visualization of phenotypic heterogeneity applied to orofacial clefts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/335182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of gene flow in rapid and repeated evolution of cave related traits in Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/335182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the molecular basis of repeated evolved phenotypes can yield key insights into the evolutionary process. Quantifying the amount of gene flow between populations is especially important in interpreting mechanisms of repeated phenotypic evolution, and genomic analyses have revealed that admixture is more common between diverging lineages than previously thought. In this study, we resequenced and analyzed nearly 50 whole genomes of the Mexican tetra from three blind cave populations, two surface populations, and outgroup samples. We confirmed that cave populations are polyphyletic and two Astyanax mexicanus lineages are present in our dataset. The two lineages likely diverged [~]257k generations ago, which, assuming 1 generation per year, is substantially younger than previous mitochondrial estimates of 5-7mya. Divergence of cave populations from their phylogenetically closest surface population likely occurred between [~]161k - 191k generations ago. The favored demographic model for most population pairs accounts for divergence with secondary contact and heterogeneous gene flow across the genome, and we rigorously identified abundant gene flow between cave and surface fish, between caves, and between separate lineages of cave and surface fish. Therefore, the evolution of cave-related traits occurred more rapidly than previously thought, and trogolomorphic traits are maintained despite substantial gene flow with surface populations. After incorporating these new demographic estimates, our models support that selection may drive the evolution of cave-derived traits, as opposed to the classic hypothesis of disuse and drift. Finally, we show that a key QTL is enriched for genomic regions with very low divergence between caves, suggesting that regions important for cave phenotypes may be transferred between caves via gene flow. In sum, our study shows that shared evolutionary history via gene flow must be considered in studies of independent, repeated trait evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Herman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandvain, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weagley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeffery, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keene, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kono, T. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilandzija, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borowsky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Espinasa, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Quin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornelas-Garcia, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshizawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warren, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGaugh, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/335182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of gene flow in rapid and repeated evolution of cave related traits in Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An examination of the evolve-and-resequence method using Drosophila simulans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We develop a set of analytical and simulation tools for Evolve-and-Resequence (E&R) experiments and apply them to a new study of rapid evolution in Drosophila simulans. Likelihood based test statistics applied to pooled population sequencing data suggest parallel evolution of 138 polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome. This number is reduced by orders of magnitude from previous studies (thousands or tens of thousands), owing to differences in both experimental design and statistical analysis. Whole genome simulations calibrated from several Drosophila genetic datasets support the contention that the observed genome-wide response could be generated by as few as 30 loci under strong directional selection, with a corresponding hitch-hiking effect. Finally, the SNPs that showed strong parallel evolution in the novel laboratory environment exhibit an (initial) allele frequency spectrum indicative of balancing in nature. These loci also exhibit elevated differentiation among natural populations of D. simulans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/337188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An examination of the evolve-and-resequence method using Drosophila simulans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-GlcNAc Homeostasis Controls Cell Fate Decisions During Hematopoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/337881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The addition of O-GlcNAc (a single {beta}-D-N-acetylglucosamine sugar at serine and threonine residues) by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and removal by O-GlcNAcase (OGA) maintains homeostatic levels of O-GlcNAc. We investigated the role of O-GlcNAc homeostasis in hematopoiesis utilizing G1E-ER4 cells carrying a GATA-1 transcription factor fused to the estrogen receptor (GATA-1ER) that undergo erythropoiesis following the addition of {beta}-estradiol (E2) and myeloid leukemia cells that differentiate into neutrophils in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid. During G1E-ER4 differentiation, a decrease in overall O-GlcNAc levels and an increase in GATA-1 interactions with OGT and OGA were observed. Transcriptome analysis on G1E-ER4 cells differentiated in the presence of Thiamet-G (TMG), an OGA inhibitor, identified expression changes in 433 GATA-1 target genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the occupancy of GATA-1, OGT, and OGA at Laptm5 gene GATA site was decreased with TMG. Myeloid leukemia cells showed a decline in O-GlcNAc levels during differentiation and TMG reduced the expression of genes involved in differentiation. Sustained treatment with TMG in G1E-ER4 cells prior to differentiation caused a reduction of hemoglobin positive cells during differentiation. Our results show that alterations in O-GlcNAc homeostasis disrupt transcriptional programs causing differentiation errors suggesting a vital role of O-GlcNAcylation in control of cell fate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novikova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedosyuk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/337881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-GlcNAc Homeostasis Controls Cell Fate Decisions During Hematopoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting effects of aging on the expression of transposons, the piRNA machinery and mitochondrial transcripts in the Drosophila ovary. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Redistribution of heterochromatin during aging has been linked to the de-repression of transposable elements and an overall loss of gene regulation in the soma. Whether or not epigenetic factors such as heterochromatin marks are perturbed in reproductive and germline tissues is of particular interest because some epigenetic factors are known to transmit across generations. Additionally, the relative contribution of factors intrinsic or extrinsic to the germ line have in reproductive decline remains unknown. Using mRNA sequencing data from late stage egg chambers in Drosophila melanogaster, we show that age-related expression changes occur in genes residing in heterochromatin, particularly on the largely heterochromatic 4th chromosome. In addition, we identify an increase in expression of the piRNA machinery. We further identify a striking age-related reduction in mitochondrial transcripts that we can attribute to the somatic tissues. Other than a modest increase in overall TE expression in the aging germline, we find no global TE de-repression in reproductive tissues. Rather, the observed effects of aging on TEs are primarily strain and family specific. These results indicate unique responses in somatic versus germline tissue with regards to epigenetic aging effects and suggest that the global loss of TE control observed in other studies may be specific to certain tissues, genetic backgrounds and TE family. This study also demonstrates that while age-related effects can be maternally transmitted, the germline is generally robust to age-related changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erwin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstiel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting effects of aging on the expression of transposons, the piRNA machinery and mitochondrial transcripts in the Drosophila ovary.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Recombination Landscape of Drosophila virilis is Robust to Transposon Activation in Hybrid Dysgenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/342824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germline DNA damage is a double-edged sword. Programmed double-strand breaks establish the foundation for meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation. However, double-strand breaks also pose a significant challenge for genome stability. Because of this, meiotic double-strand break formation is tightly regulated. However, natural selection can favor selfish behavior in the germline and transposable elements can cause double-strand breaks independent of the carefully regulated meiotic process. To understand how the regulatory mechanisms of meiotic recombination accommodate unregulated transposition, we have characterized the female recombination landscape in a syndrome of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila virilis. In this system, a cross between two strains of D. virilis with divergent transposable element and piRNA profiles results in germline transposition of diverse transposable elements, reduced fertility, and male recombination. We sought to determine how increased transposition during hybrid dysgenesis might perturb the meiotic recombination landscape. Our results show that the overall frequency and distribution of meiotic recombination is extremely robust to germline transposable element activation. However, we also find that hybrid dysgenesis can result in mitotic recombination within the female germline. Overall, these results show that landscape of meiotic recombination may be insensitive to the DNA damage caused by transposition during early development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hemmer, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstiel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/342824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Recombination Landscape of Drosophila virilis is Robust to Transposon Activation in Hybrid Dysgenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345223v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-GlcNAc modification of oncogenic transcription factor Sox2 promotes protein stability and regulates self-renewal in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345223v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic cancer is among the 3rd leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States along with a 5-year survival rate of 7%. The aggressive biology of the disease is responsible for such dismal outcome and is manifested by an increase in self-renewal capacity of the cancer cells, which leads to an increased rate of tumor-recurrence, contributing to poor prognosis. Transcription factor SOX2 maintains a critical balance between differentiation and "stemness" and is thus tightly regulated within a cell. In cancer, SOX2 is aberrantly "turned-on" leading to activation of self-renewal pathways in cancer. Regulation of Sox2 in cancer is poorly understood. In the current study, we show for the first time that in pancreatic cancer, Sox2 is modified by addition of O-GlcNAc moiety, catalyzed by OGT (O-GlcNAc Transferase) at S246. This activates Sox2 transcriptional activity by stabilizing the protein in the nucleus. A CRISPR-OGT knockout in pancreatic cancer cell line S2VP10 resulted in a delayed tumor initiation. We further showed that mutation of this site (S246A) prevents the modification of Sox2 and its downstream activity. Our study also demonstrated that targeting OGT in vivo with a small molecule inhibitor OSMI, results in decreased tumor burden, delayed tumor progression and a decreased expression of SOX2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Our study highlights for the first time that that the O-GlcNAc transferase dependent SOX2 glycosylation has a profound effect on the transcriptional activity of SOX2 and is instrumental in determining self-renewal in pancreatic cancer.nnSignificanceOur study highlights for the first time that that the O-GlcNAc transferase dependent SOX2 glycosylation determines self-renewal in pancreatic cancer which is responsible for tumor initiation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dauer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudeja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saluja, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/345223</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-GlcNAc modification of oncogenic transcription factor Sox2 promotes protein stability and regulates self-renewal in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine Specificity Epitope Analysis by HX-MS Identifies Contact Points on Ricin Toxin Recognized by Protective Monoclonal Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/345561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ricin is a fast-acting protein toxin classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a biothreat agent. In this report we describe five new mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against an immunodominant region, so-called epitope cluster II, on the surface of ricins ribosome-inactivating enzymatic subunit, RTA. The five mAbs were tested alongside four previously described cluster II-specific mAbs for their capacity to passively protect mice against 10 x LD50 ricin challenge by injection. Only three of the mAbs (LE4, PH12 and TB12) afforded protection over the seven-day study period. Neither binding affinity nor in vitro toxin-neutralizing activity could fully account for LE4, PH12 and TB12s potent in vivo activity relative to the other six mAbs. However, epitope mapping studies by hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry (HX-MS) revealed that LE4, PH12 and TB12 shared common contact points (i.e., "strong" protection by HX-MS) on RTA that encompassed residues 154-164 and 62-69, which correspond to RTA -helices D-E and {beta}-strands d-e, respectively, located on the back side of RTA relative to the active site. The other six mAbs recognized overlapping epitopes on RTA but none shared the same HX-MS profile as LE4, PH12 and TB12. A high-density competition ELISA with a panel of ricin-specific single domain camelid antibodies (VHHs) indicated that even though LE4, PH12 and TB12 make contact with similar secondary motifs, they ultimately approach RTA different from angles. These results underscore how subtle differences in epitope specificity have significant impacts on the antibody functionality in vivo and have important implications in the design of immune-based countermeasures against ricin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Van Slyke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angalakurthi, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vance, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehrbar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Middaught, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/345561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine Specificity Epitope Analysis by HX-MS Identifies Contact Points on Ricin Toxin Recognized by Protective Monoclonal Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel exc Genes Involved in Formation of the Tubular Excretory Canals of C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/359653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of luminal diameter is critical to the function of small single-celled tubes, of which the seamless tubular excretory canals of C. elegans provide a tractable genetic model. Mutations in several sets of genes exhibit the Exc phenotype, in which canal luminal growth is visibly altered. Here, a focused reverse genomic screen of genes highly expressed in the canals found 24 genes that significantly affect luminal outgrowth or diameter. These genes encode novel proteins as well as highly conserved proteins involved in processes including gene expression, cytoskeletal regulation, vesicular movement, and transmembrane transport. In addition, two genes act as suppressors on a pathway of conserved genes whose products mediate vesicle movement from early to recycling endosomes. The results provide new tools for understanding the integration of cytoplasmic structure and physiology in forming and maintaining the narrow diameter of single-cell tubules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Hashimi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiarelli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buechner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/359653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel exc Genes Involved in Formation of the Tubular Excretory Canals of C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissection of complex, fitness-related traits in multiple Drosophila mapping populations offers insight into the genetic control of stress resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We leverage two complementary Drosophila melanogaster mapping panels to genetically dissect starvation resistance, an important fitness trait. Using >1600 genotypes of the multiparental Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) we map numerous starvation stress QTL that collectively explain a substantial fraction of trait heritability. QTL effects further allowed us to estimate DSPR founder phenotypes, predictions that were correlated with the actual founder phenotypes. Starvation resistance has been linked to triglyceride level, and while we observe a modest phenotypic correlation between the traits in the DSPR, overlap among the QTL identified for each trait is low. Since we show that DSPR strains with extreme starvation phenotypes also differ in desiccation resistance and activity level, our data imply that multiple physiological mechanisms contribute to starvation variability. We also exploit the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), identifying a number of sequence variants associated with starvation resistance. Consistent with prior work these sites rarely fall within QTL intervals mapped in the DSPR. Two other groups previously measured starvation resistance in the DGRP, offering a unique opportunity to directly compare mapping results across labs. We found strong phenotypic correlations among studies, but extremely low overlap in the sets of genomewide significant sites. Despite this, our analyses revealed that the most highly-associated variants from each study typically showed the same additive effect sign in independent studies, in contrast to otherwise equivalent sets of random variants. This consistency provides evidence for reproducible trait-associated sites in a widely-used mapping panel, and highlights the polygenic nature of starvation resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Everman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNeil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackett, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bain, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/383802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissection of complex, fitness-related traits in multiple Drosophila mapping populations offers insight into the genetic control of stress resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antiviral genes are not rapidly evolving in Drosophila innubila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/383877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viruses make up a considerable proportion of the pathogens infecting animals. They can spread rapidly between hosts, and sicken or even kill their hosts to promote their own proliferation. Due to this strong selective pressure, antiviral immune genes are some of the fastest evolving genes across metazoans, as highlighted in mammals and insects. While Drosophila melanogaster are frequently exposed to pathogenic RNA viruses, little is known about D. melanogasters ecology in terms of viral exposure, or if they are representative of other Drosophila species. Here, we sequence and assemble the genome of a highly diverged, mushroom-feeding Drosophila species, Drosophila innubila, a species frequently exposed to a highly pathogenic DNA virus. We investigate the evolution of the immune system and find little evidence for rapid evolution of the antiviral RNAi genes, though we do find rapid evolution of several other pathways, suggesting alternate means of viral resistance. This contrasts with D. melanogaster, and suggests that evolution of resistance to DNA viruses differs greatly from that of RNA viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koseva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/383877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antiviral genes are not rapidly evolving in Drosophila innubila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary proteomics reveals distinct patterns of complexity and divergence between lepidopteran sperm morphs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/384164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spermatozoa are one of the most strikingly diverse animal cell types. One poorly understood example of this diversity is sperm heteromorphism, where males produce multiple distinct morphs of sperm in a single ejaculate. Typically, only one morph is capable of fertilization and the function of the non-fertilizing morph, called parasperm, remains to be elucidated. Sperm heteromorphism has multiple independent origins, including Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), where males produce a fertilizing eupyrene sperm and an apyrene parasperm, which lacks a nucleus and nuclear DNA. Here we report a comparative proteomic analysis of eupyrene and apyrene sperm between two distantly related lepidopteran species, the monarch butterfly (Danausplexippus) and Carolina sphinx month (Manduca sexta). In both species, we identified approximatey 700 sperm proteins, with half present in both morphs and the majority of the remainder specific to eupyrene sperm. Apyrene sperm thus have a distinctly less complex proteome. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed proteins shared between morphs tend to be associated with canonical sperm cell structures (e.g. flagellum) and metabolism (e.g. ATP production). GO terms for morph-specific proteins broadly reflect known structural differences, but also suggest a role for apyrene sperm in modulating female neurobiology. Comparative analysis indicates that proteins shared between morphs are most conserved between species as components of sperm, while morph-specific proteins turn over more quickly, especially in apyrene sperm. The rapid divergence of apyrene sperm content is consistent with a relaxation of selective constraints associated with fertilization and karyogamy. On the other hand, parasperm exhibit greater evolutionary lability, which may reflect adaptive response to shifting regimes of sexual selection. Additionally, we provide the first (to our knowledge) scanning electron micrographs of lepidopteran sperm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whittington, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/384164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary proteomics reveals distinct patterns of complexity and divergence between lepidopteran sperm morphs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular analysis of Drosophila melanogaster B chromosomes reveals their origin, composition, and structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/386995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The number of chromosomes carried by an individual species is one of its defining characteristics. Some species, however, can also carry supernumerary chromosomes referred to as B chromosomes. B chromosomes were recently identified in a laboratory stock of Drosophila melanogaster--an established model organism with a wealth of genetic and genomic resources--enabling us to subject them to extensive molecular analysis. We isolated the B chromosomes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and determined their composition through next-generation sequencing. Although these B chromosomes carry no known euchromatic sequence, they are rich in transposable elements and long arrays of short nucleotide repeats, the most abundant being the uncharacterized AAGAT satellite repeat. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization on metaphase chromosome spreads revealed this repeat is located on Chromosome 4, strongly suggesting the origin of the B chromosomes is Chromosome 4. Cytological and quantitative comparisons of signal intensity between Chromosome 4 and the B chromosomes supports the hypothesis that the structure of the B chromosome is an isochromosome. We also report the identification of a new B chromosome variant in a related laboratory stock. This B chromosome has a similar repeat signature as the original but is smaller and much less prevalent. We examined additional stocks with similar genotypes and did not find B chromosomes, but did find these stocks lacked the AAGAT satellite repeat. Our molecular characterization of D. melanogaster B chromosomes is the first step towards understanding how supernumerary chromosomes arise from essential chromosomes and what may be necessary for their stable inheritance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanlon, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eche, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/386995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular analysis of Drosophila melanogaster B chromosomes reveals their origin, composition, and structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/392183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extreme copy number variation at a tRNA ligase affecting phenology and fitness in yellow monkeyflowers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/392183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number variation (CNV) is a major part of the genetic diversity segregating within populations, but remains poorly understood relative to single nucleotide variation. Here, we report on a tRNA ligase gene (Migut.N02091; RLG1a) exhibiting unprecedented, and fitness-relevant, CNV within an annual population of the yellow monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus. RLG1a variation was associated with multiple traits in pooled population sequencing (PoolSeq) scans of phenotypic and phenological cohorts. Resequencing of inbred lines revealed intermediate frequency three-copy variants of RLG1a (trip+; 5/35 = 14%), and trip+ lines exhibited elevated RLG1a expression under multiple conditions. trip+ carriers, in addition to being over-represented in late-flowering and large-flowered PoolSeq populations, flowered later under stressful conditions in a greenhouse experiment (P < 0.05). In wild population samples, we discovered an additional rare RLG1a variant (high+) that carries 250-300 copies of RLG1a totaling [~]5.7Mb (20-40% of a chromosome). In the progeny of a high+ carrier, Mendelian segregation of diagnostic alleles and qPCR-based copy counts indicate that high+ is a single tandem array unlinked from the single copy RLG1a locus. In the wild, high+ carriers had highest fitness in two particularly dry and/or hot years (2015 and 2017; both p < 0.01), while single copy individuals were twice as fecund as either CNV type in a lush year (2016: p < 0.005). Our results demonstrate fluctuating selection on CNVs affecting phenological traits in a wild population, suggest that plant tRNA ligases mediate stress-responsive life-history traits, and introduce a novel system for investigating the molecular mechanisms of gene amplification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nelson, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monnahan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McIntosh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finseth, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macarthur-Waltz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fishman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/392183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extreme copy number variation at a tRNA ligase affecting phenology and fitness in yellow monkeyflowers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/395434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The comparative biogeography of geckos challenges predictions from a paradigm of climate-driven vicariant diversification across an island archipelago 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/395434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A primary goal of biogeography is to understand how large-scale environmental processes, like climate change, affect diversification One often-invoked but seldom tested process is the "species-pump" model, in which repeated bouts of co-speciation are driven by oscillating climate-induced habitat connectivity cycles. For example, over the past three million years, the landscape of the Philippine Islands has repeatedly coalesced and fragmented due to sea-level changes associated with glacial cycles. This repeated climate-driven vicariance has been proposed as a model of speciation across evolutionary lineages codistributed throughout the islands. This model predicts speciation times that are temporally clustered around the times when interglacial rises in sea level fragmented the islands. To test this prediction, we collected comparative genomic data from 16 pairs of insular gecko populations. We analyze these data in a full-likelihood, Bayesian model-choice framework to test for shared divergence times among the pairs. Our results provide support against the species-pump model prediction in favor of an alternative interpretation, namely that each pair of gecko populations diverged independently. These results suggest the repeated bouts of climate-driven landscape fragmentation has not been an important mechanism of speciation for gekkonid lizards on the Philippine Islands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oaks, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siler, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/395434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The comparative biogeography of geckos challenges predictions from a paradigm of climate-driven vicariant diversification across an island archipelago]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differences in DNA methylation of white blood cell types at birth and in adulthood reflect postnatal immune maturation and influence accuracy of cell type prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/399279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundDNA methylation profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes has many research applications, and characterizing the changes in DNA methylation of specific white blood cell types between newborn and adult could add insight into the maturation of the immune system. As a consequence of developmental changes, DNA methylation profiles derived from adult white blood cells are poor references for prediction of cord blood cell types from DNA methylation data. We thus examined cell-type specific differences in DNA methylation in leukocyte subsets between cord and adult blood, and assessed the impact of these differences on prediction of cell types in cord blood.nnResultsThough all cell types showed differences between cord and adult blood, some specific patterns stood out that reflected how the immune system changes after birth. In cord blood, lymphoid cells showed less variability than in adult, potentially demonstrating their naive status. In fact, cord CD4 and CD8 T cells were so similar that genetic effects on DNA methylation were greater than cell type effects in our analysis, and CD8 T cell frequencies remained difficult to predict, even after optimizing the library used for cord blood composition estimation. Myeloid cells showed fewer changes between cord and adult and also less variability, with monocytes showing the fewest sites of DNA methylation change between cord and adult. Finally, including nucleated red blood cells in the reference library was necessary for accurate cell type predictions in cord blood.nnConclusionChanges in DNA methylation with age were highly cell type specific, and those differences paralleled what is known about the maturation of the postnatal immune system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razzaghian, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Goede, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacIsaac, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gervin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duijts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zelm, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavoie, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafavi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobor, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/399279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differences in DNA methylation of white blood cell types at birth and in adulthood reflect postnatal immune maturation and influence accuracy of cell type prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatocyte-Specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) Deletion Decreases Resting Energy Expenditure By Disrupting Lipid and Carbohydrate Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/401802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is required for hepatocyte differentiation and regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism including those that control VLDL secretion and gluconeogenesis. Whereas previous studies have focused on specific genes regulated by HNF4 in metabolism, its overall role in whole body energy utilization has not been studied. In this study, we used indirect calorimetry to determine the effect of hepatocyte-specific HNF4 deletion (HNF4-KO) in mice on whole body energy expenditure (EE) and substrate utilization in fed, fasted, and high fat diet (HFD) conditions. HNF4-KO had reduced resting EE during fed conditions and higher rates of carbohydrate oxidation with fasting. HNF4-KO mice exhibited decreased body mass caused by fat mass depletion despite no change in energy intake and evidence of positive energy balance. HNF4-KO mice were able to upregulate lipid oxidation during HFD suggesting that their metabolic flexibility was intact. However, only hepatocyte specific HNF4-KO mice exhibited significant reduction in basal metabolic rate and spontaneous activity during HFD. Consistent with previous studies, hepatic gene expression in HNF4-KO supports decreased gluconeogenesis and decreased VLDL export and hepatic {beta}-oxidation in HNF4-KO livers across all feeding conditions. Together, our data suggest deletion of hepatic HNF4 increases dependence on dietary carbohydrates and endogenous lipids for energy during fed and fasted conditions by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, hepatic lipid export, and intestinal lipid absorption resulting in decreased whole body energy expenditure. These data clarify the role of hepatic HNF4 on systemic metabolism and energy homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huck, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/401802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatocyte-Specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) Deletion Decreases Resting Energy Expenditure By Disrupting Lipid and Carbohydrate Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive evolution of sperm proteins depends on sperm competition in a pair of Lepidoptera 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/404236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent theory posits that adaptive evolution of reproductive proteins should depend on rates of female remating. In particular, selection on reproductive proteins is proposed to be weak unless females remate frequently, in which case cryptic female choice and sperm competition impose stronger selection. Here, we test these predictions by explicitly examining the role of selection in the molecular evolution of sperm genes in Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Males of this order produce both fertilizing eupyrene sperm and a secondary apyrene type that lacks DNA. Based on population genetic analyses in two species, the monandrous Carolina sphinx moth and the highly polyandrous monarch butterfly, we see evidence for increased selection in fertilizing sperm, but only in the polyandrous species. This signal comes primarily from a decrease in non-synonymous polymorphism in sperm proteins compared to the rest of the genome, indicative of strong purifying selection. Investigation of the distribution of fitness effects of new non-synonymous mutations in monarch sperm confirms stronger selection on sperm proteins in monarchs, with very few neutral variants and weakly deleterious variants and a preponderance of strongly deleterious variants. Additionally, sperm genes in the monarch show an elevation of beneficial variants compared to the rest of the genome, suggesting a role for increased positive selection. Our results suggest that sperm competition can be a powerful selective force at the sequence level as well.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorenson, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/404236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive evolution of sperm proteins depends on sperm competition in a pair of Lepidoptera]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/419275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural variants exhibit allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/419275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite extensive effort to reveal the genetic basis of complex phenotypic variation, studies typically explain only a fraction of trait heritability. It has been hypothesized that individually rare hidden structural variants (SVs) could account for a significant fraction of variation in complex traits. To investigate this hypothesis, we assembled 14 Drosophila melanogaster genomes and systematically identified more than 20,000 euchromatic SVs, of which [~]40% are invisible to high specificity short read genotyping approaches. SVs are common in Drosophila genes, with almost one third of diploid individuals harboring an SV in genes larger than 5kb, and nearly a quarter harboring multiple SVs in genes larger than 10kb. We show that SV alleles are rarer than amino acid polymorphisms, implying that they are more strongly deleterious. A number of functionally important genes harbor previously hidden structural variants that likely affect complex phenotypes (e.g., Cyp6g1, Drsl5, Cyp28d1&2, InR, and Gss1&2).Furthermore, SVs are overrepresented in quantitative trait locus candidate genes from eight Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) mapping experiments. We conclude that SVs are pervasive in genomes, are frequently present as heterogeneous allelic series, and can act as rare alleles of large effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emerson, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/419275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural variants exhibit allelic heterogeneity and shape variation in complex traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/421537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanism of off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/421537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 is the state-of-the-art technology for editing and manipulating nucleic acids. However, the occurrence of off-target mutations can limit its applicability. Here, all-atom enhanced molecular dynamics (MD) simulations - using Gaussian accelerated MD (GaMD) - are used to decipher the mechanism of off-target binding at the molecular level. GaMD reveals that base pair mismatches in the target DNA at specific distal sites with respect to the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) induce an extended opening of the RNA:DNA heteroduplex, which leads to newly discovered interactions between the unwound nucleic acids and the protein counterpart. The conserved interactions between the target DNA strand and the L2 loop of the catalytic HNH domain constitute a "lock" effectively decreasing the conformational freedom of the HNH domain and its activation for cleavage. Remarkably, depending on their position at PAM distal sites, DNA mismatches leading to off-target cleavages are unable to "lock" the HNH domain, thereby identifying the ability to "lock" HNH as a key determinant. Consistently, off-target sequences hampering the catalysis have been shown to "trap" somehow the HNH domain in an inactive "conformational checkpoint" state (Dagdas et al. Sci Adv, 2017). As such, this mechanism identifies the molecular basis underlying off-target cleavages and contributes in clarifying a long-lasting open issue of the CRISPR-Cas9 function. It also poses the foundation for designing novel and more specific Cas9 variants, which could be obtained by magnifying the "locking" interactions between HNH and the target DNA in the presence of any incorrect off-target sequence, thus preventing undesired cleavages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ricci, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudna, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCammon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palermo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/421537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanism of off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424382v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The C. elegans CHP1 homolog, pbo-1, functions in innate immunity by regulating the pH of the intestinal lumen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/424382v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caenorhabditis elegans are soil-dwelling nematodes and models for understanding innate immunity and infection. Previous work has described a regularly-timed pH change in the intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans called the pH wave. To characterize this wave and its function in the worm, we developed a novel fluorescent dye (KR35) that accumulates in the intestine and sensitively responds to dynamic changes in pH. Here, we use KR35 to show that mutations in the Ca2+-binding protein, PBO-1 abrogate the pH wave, causing the anterior intestine to be constantly acidic. Surprisingly, pbo-1 mutants were also more susceptible to infection by several bacterial pathogens. We could suppress pathogen susceptibility in pbo-1 mutants by treating the animals with pH-buffering bicarbonate, suggesting the pathogen susceptibility is a function of the acidity of the intestinal pH. Furthermore, we use KR35 to show that pathogens completely neutralize the pH in the intestine of wild type, but not pbo-1 mutants. C. elegans is known to increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, in response to pathogens, which is an important component of pathogen defense. We show that pbo-1 mutants exhibited decreased H2O2 in response to pathogens, which could also be partially restored in pbo-1 animals treated with bicarbonate. Ultimately, our results support a model whereby pbo-1 functions during infection to permit pH changes in the intestine that are important for fighting pathogens.nnAuthor SummaryInnate immunity is critical for host defense against pathogens. However, questions remain about how the host senses and responds to pathogen invasion. Using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye and a Caenorhabditis elegans pathogen infection model we show that pathogens induce changes in pH of the worm intestine. We also show that intestinal pH directly affects production of reactive oxygen species (e.g. H2O2) important for pathogen defense. Our results show that pH regulation is an important component of the innate immune response to pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benomar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bender, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/424382</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The C. elegans CHP1 homolog, pbo-1, functions in innate immunity by regulating the pH of the intestinal lumen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters of the oral microbiome illuminates the unexplored social language of bacteria during health and disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/431510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small molecules are the primary communication media of the microbial world. Recent bioinformatics studies, exploring the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) which produce many small molecules, have highlighted the incredible biochemical potential of the signaling molecules encoded by the human microbiome. Thus far, most research efforts have focused on understanding the social language of the gut microbiome, leaving crucial signaling molecules produced by oral bacteria, and their connection to health versus disease, in need of investigation. In this study, a total of 4,915 BGCs were identified across 461 genomes representing a broad taxonomic diversity of oral bacteria. Sequence similarity networking provided a putative product class for over 100 unclassified novel BGCs. The newly identified BGCs were cross-referenced against 254 metagenomes and metatranscriptomes derived from individuals with either good oral health, dental caries, or periodontitis. This analysis revealed 2,473 BGCs, which were differentially represented across the oral microbiomes associated with health versus disease. Co-abundance network analysis identified numerous inverse correlations between BGCs and specific oral taxa. These correlations were present in health, but greatly reduced in dental caries, which may suggest a defect in colonization resistance. Finally, corroborating mass spectrometry identified several compounds with homology to products of the predicted BGC classes. Together, these findings greatly expand the number of known biosynthetic pathways present in the oral microbiome and provide an atlas for experimental characterization of these abundant, yet poorly understood, molecules and socio-chemical relationships, which impact the development of caries and periodontitis, two of the worlds most common chronic diseases.nnIMPORTANCEThe healthy oral microbiome is symbiotic with the human host, importantly providing colonization resistance against potential pathogens. Dental caries and periodontitis are two of the worlds most common and costly chronic infectious diseases, and are caused by a localized dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Bacterially produced small molecules, often encoded by BGCs, are the primary communication media of bacterial communities, and play a crucial, yet largely unknown, role in the transition from health to dysbiosis. This study provides a comprehensive mapping of the BGC repertoire of the human oral microbiome and identifies major differences in health compared to disease. Furthermore, BGC representation and expression is linked to the abundance of particular oral bacterial taxa in health versus dental caries and periodontitis. Overall, this study provides a significant insight into the chemical communication network of the healthy oral microbiome, and how it devolves in the case of two prominent diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aleti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boltelho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melnik, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dorrestein, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edlund, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/431510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters of the oral microbiome illuminates the unexplored social language of bacteria during health and disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host-pathogen coevolution increases genetic variation in susceptibility to infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/474924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is common to find considerable genetic variation in susceptibility to infection in natural populations. We have investigated whether natural selection increases this variation by testing whether host populations show more genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens that they naturally encounter than novel pathogens. In a large cross-infection experiment involving four species of Drosophila and four host-specific viruses, we always found greater genetic variation in susceptibility to viruses that had coevolved with their host. We went on to examine the genetic architecture of resistance in one host species, finding that there are more major-effect genetic variants in coevolved host-parasite interactions. We conclude that selection by pathogens increases genetic variation in host susceptibility, and much of this effect is caused by the occurrence of major-effect resistance polymorphisms within populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duxbury, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria Vespasiani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thüringer, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolosana, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tagliaferri, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamacioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindsley, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiggins, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longdon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/474924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host-pathogen coevolution increases genetic variation in susceptibility to infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconciling in vitro and in vivo activities of engineered, LacI-based repressor proteins: Contributions of DNA looping and operator sequence variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/477893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One way to create new components for synthetic transcription circuits is to re-purpose naturally occurring transcription factor proteins and their cognate DNA operators. For the proteins, re-engineering can be accomplished via domain recombination (to create chimeric regulators) and/or amino acid substitutions. The resulting activities of new protein regulators are often assessed in vitro using a representative operator. However, when functioning in vivo, transcription factors can interact with multiple operators. We compared in vivo and in vitro results for two LacI-based transcription repressor proteins, their mutational variants, and four operator sequences. The two sets of repressor variants differed in their overall in vivo repression, even though their in vitro binding affinities for the primary operator spanned the same range. Here, we show that the offset can be explained by different abilities to simultaneously bind and "loop" two DNA operators. Further in vitro studies of the looping-competent repressors were carried out to measure binding to a secondary operator sequence. Surprisingly, binding to this operator was largely insensitive to amino acid changes in the repressor protein. In vitro experiments with additional operators and analyses of published data indicates that amino acid changes in these repressor proteins leads to complicated changes in ligand specificity. These results raise new considerations for engineering components of synthetic transcription circuits and - more broadly - illustrate difficulties encountered when trying to extrapolate information about specificity determinant positions among protein homologs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tungtur, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwingen, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riepe, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeramange, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/477893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconciling in vitro and in vivo activities of engineered, LacI-based repressor proteins: Contributions of DNA looping and operator sequence variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microfluidic On-demand Engineering of Exosomes towards Cancer Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes (30-150 nm), are an emerging delivery system in mediating cellular communications, which have been observed for priming immune responses by presenting parent cell signaling proteins or tumor antigens to immune cells. Therefore, preparation of antigenic exosomes that can play therapeutic roles, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, is emerging. However, standard benchtop methods (e.g., ultracentrifugation and filtration) lack the ability to purify antigenic exosomes specifically among other microvesicle subtypes, due to the non-selective and time-consuming (>10 h) isolation protocols. Exosome engineering approaches, such as the transfection of parent cells, also suffer from poor yield, low purity, and time-consuming operations. In this paper, we introduce a streamlined microfluidic cell culture platform for integration of harvesting, antigenic modification, and photo-release of surface engineered exosomes in one workflow, which enables the production of intact, MHC peptide surface engineered exosomes for cytolysis activation. The PDMS microfluidic cell culture chip is simply cast from a 3D-printed mold. The proof-of-concept study demonstrated the enhanced ability of harvested exosomes in antigen presentation and T cell activation, by decorating melanoma tumor peptides on the exosome surface (e.g., gp-100, MART-1, MAGE-A3). Such surface engineered antigenic exosomes were harvested in real-time from the on-chip culture of leukocytes isolated from human blood, leading to much faster cellular uptake. The activation of gp100-specific CD8 T cells which were purified from the spleen of 2 Pmel1 transgenic mice was evaluated using surface engineered exosomes prepared from muring antigen presenting cells. Antigen-specific CD8 T cell proliferation was significantly induced by the engineered exosomes compared to native, non-engineered exosomes. This microfluidic platform serves as an automated and highly integrated cell culture device for rapid, and real-time production of therapeutic exosomes that could advance cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/478875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microfluidic On-demand Engineering of Exosomes towards Cancer Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Next-generation sequencing based hospital outbreak investigation yields insight into Klebsiella aerogenes population structure and determinants of carbapenem resistance and virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/497958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Klebsiella aerogenes is a nosocomial pathogen associated with drug resistance and outbreaks in intensive care units. In a 5-month period in 2017, we experienced an increased incidence of cultures for carbapenem-resistant K. aerogenes (CR-KA) from an adult cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CICU) involving 15 patients. Phylogenomic analysis following whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified the outbreak CR-KA isolates to group together as a tight clonal cluster (<7 SNPs apart), suggestive of a protracted intra-ward transmission event. No clonal relationships were identified between the CICU CR-KA strains and additional hospital CR-KA patient isolates from different wards and/or previous years. Genes encoding carbapenemases or drug-resistant plasmids were absent in the outbreak strains, and carbapenem resistance was attributed to mutations impacting AmpD activity and membrane permeability. The CICU outbreak strains harbored an integrative conjugative element (ICEKp10), which has been associated with pathogenicity in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae lineages. Comparative genomics with global K. aerogenes genomes showed our outbreak strains to group closely with global ST4 strains, which along with ST93 likely represent dominant K. aerogenes lineages associated with human infections. WGS is a powerful tool that goes beyond high-resolution tracking of transmission events into identifying the genetic basis of drug-resistance and virulence, which are not part of conventional diagnostic workflows. With an increasing availability of sequenced genomes from across the globe, population structure analysis offers opportunities to identify emerging trends and dominant clones associated with specific syndromes and geographical locations for poorly characterized pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGlynn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taffner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fine, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tesini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostafa, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graman, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardy, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecora, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/497958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Next-generation sequencing based hospital outbreak investigation yields insight into Klebsiella aerogenes population structure and determinants of carbapenem resistance and virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatic JARID1a ablation disrupts the transcription adaptation to feeding and alters systemic metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/499566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis whose proper function is dependent on the circadian clock. Here, we show that livers deficient in the oscillator component JARID1a exhibit a dysregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Importantly, we find that mice that lack hepatic JARID1a have decreased lean body mass, decreased respiratory exchange ratios, faster production of ketones and increased glucose production in response to fasting. Finally, we find that JARID1a loss compromises the response of the hepatic transcriptome to nutrient availability. In all, ablation of hepatic JARID1a disrupts the coordination of hepatic metabolic programs with whole-body consequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DiTacchio, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinowska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saran, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiTacchio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/499566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatic JARID1a ablation disrupts the transcription adaptation to feeding and alters systemic metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complex copy number variant underlies differences in both colour plumage and cold adaptation in a dimorphic seabird. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colour morphs associated with different physiological adaptations offer unique opportunities to study the genomic basis of otherwise elusive adaptive traits. These complex balanced polymorphisms are often controlled by groups of tightly linked genes, and understanding how these  supergenes evolve and are maintained is an active area of research in evolutionary biology (Schwander et al. 2014, Thompson and Jiggins 2014). Within the Atlantic, the common murre (Uria aalge, a colonial seabird) displays a plumage colour dimorphism ( bridled and  unbridled) that seems to be associated with differences in thermal adaptation (Birkhead 1984; Reiertsen et al. 2012). The genes associated with bridling and how these genes affect thermal adaptation are unknown. Using whole genome resequencing, we investigate the genomic basis of differences in colouration and thermal adaptation between the two morphs, and how the association between the two traits is maintained despite random mating. We identify a 60 kb genomic region of high differentiation laying in the intergenic area amongst three candidate genes for colouration and thermal adaptation: retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB), thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB), and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2 (NR1D2 or Rev-erb{beta}). Differentiation is due to a complex copy number variant (CNV) that suppresses recombination locally. We show that this CNV acts as a  supergene and maintain association between regulatory elements likely affecting gene expression of one or more of the identified candidate genes. Our analyses also provide insights into the origin of the dimorphism: while copy number proliferation in the unbridled haplotype was potentially mediated by transposable elements (TEs), the bridled haplotype seems to have introgressed from the more cold-adapted sister species, the thick-billed murre (U. lomvia). Our results highlight the role of copy number variants in adaptation, especially when association among traits is maintained in the face of gene flow. They also shed light into the molecular mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis in birds, which is poorly understood.nnHighlightsO_LIDifferences in plumage colour in Atlantic common murres are associated with different thermal adaptationsnC_LIO_LIA single region is highly differentiated between bridled and unbridled morphsnC_LIO_LIA complex copy number variant in a non-coding region underlies the dimorphismnC_LIO_LITransposable elements and adaptive introgression from the thick-billed murre seem to explain the origin of the dimorphismnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tigano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reiertsen, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friesen, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/507384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complex copy number variant underlies differences in both colour plumage and cold adaptation in a dimorphic seabird.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Signal integration and information transfer in an allosterically regulated network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/518514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A biological reaction network may serve multiple purposes, processing more than one input and impacting downstream processes via more than one output. These networks operate in a dynamic cellular environment in which the levels of network components may change within cells and across cells. Recent evidence suggests that protein concentration variability could explain cell fate decisions. However, systems with multiple inputs, multiple outputs, and changing input concentrations have not been studied in detail due to their complexity. Here, we take a systems biochemistry approach, combining physiochemical modeling and information theory, to investigate how cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) processes simultaneous input signals within a complex interaction network. We find that changes in input levels affect the amount of information transmitted by the network, as does the correlation between those inputs. This, and the allosteric regulation of COX-2 by its substrates, allows it to act as a signal integrator that is most sensitive to changes in relative input levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shockley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouzer, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marnett, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/518514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Signal integration and information transfer in an allosterically regulated network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D-printing Enabled Micro-assembly of Microfluidic Electroporation System for 3D Tissue Engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electro-transfection is an essential workhorse tool for regulating cellular responses and engineering cellular materials in tissue engineering. However, existing approaches, including microfluidic platforms and bench top methods, are only able to study monolayer cell suspensions in vitro, and are incapable of clinical translation within in vivo tissue microenvironment. Knowledge regarding the three-dimensional (3D) electric field distribution and mass transport in a tissue microenvironment is lacking. However, building a 3D electro-transfection system that is compatible with 3D cell culture for mimicking in vivo tissue microenvironment is challenging, due to the substantial difficulties in control of 3D electric field distribution as well as the cellular growth. To address such challenges, we introduce a novel 3D micro-assembling strategy assisted by 3D printing, which enables the molding of 3D microstructures as LEGO(R) parts from 3D-printed molds. The molded PDMS LEGO(R) bricks are then assembled into a 3D-cell culture chamber interconnected with vertical and horizontal perfusion microchannels as a 3D channel network. Such 3D perfusion microchannel network is unattainable by direct 3D printing or other microfabrication approaches, which can facilitate the high-efficient exchange of nutrition and waste for 3D cell growth. Four flat electrodes are mounted into the 3D culture chamber via a 3D-printed holder and controlled by a programmable power sequencer for multi-directional electric frequency scanning (3D -electro-transfection). This multi-directional scanning not only can create transient pores all over the cell membrane, but also can generate local oscillation for enhancing mass transport and improving cell transfection efficiency. As a proof-of-concept, we electro-delivered pAcGFP1-C1 vector to 3D cultured HeLa cells within peptide hydrogel scaffolding. The expressed GFP level from transfected HeLa cells reflects the transfection efficiency. We found two key parameters including electric field strength and plasmid concentration playing more important roles than manipulating pulse duration and duty cycles. The results showed an effective transfection efficiency of ~15% with ~85% cell viability, which is a 3-fold increase compared to the conventional benchtop 3D cell transfection. This 3D -electrotransfection system was further used for genetically editing 3D-cultured Hek-293 cells via direct delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid which showed successful transfection with GFP expressed in the cytoplasm as the reporter. The 3D-printing enabled micro-assembly allows facile creation of novel 3D culture system for electro-transfection which can be employed for versatile gene delivery and cellular engineering, as well as building in-vivo like tissue models for fundamentally studying cellular regulatory mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D-printing Enabled Micro-assembly of Microfluidic Electroporation System for 3D Tissue Engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519793v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired Regulation of Redox Transcriptome during the Differentiation of iPSCs into Induced Cardiomyocytes (iCMs) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519793v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundReprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and subsequent differentiation into iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCM) seems to be a promising strategy for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, recent failure or poor outcomes in cardiac cell therapy warrants further investigation focusing on the infarction/wound environment (site of healing) to improve the cardiac regenerative medicine. Here, using next generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed the global transcriptome to discover the unidentified genes/pathways that are crucial for cell survival, cytoprotection and mitochondrial dynamics during the differentiation of iPSC into iCM.nnMethodsHigh throughput NGS was performed RNA from human iPSCs and iCMs (n=3/group) and analyzed the global changes in the transcriptome during differentiation. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and Gene Ontology (GO) for biological process were performed to understand the transcriptional networks that are involved during iCM differentiation. RNA-seq data were further validated by qRT-PCR analyses.nnResultsGlobal transcriptome analysis revealed that ~9,290 genes (log2 FC >2) were significantly altered in human iCMs compared to the parent iPSCs, in which 4,784 transcripts were substantially upregulated and 4,506 transcripts were down-regulated during differentiation. GO enrichment and IPA analyses revealed the top 10 regulatory networks (i.e. hierarchical order) involved in differentiation of iCMs including cardiomyocyte remodeling, integrin-linked kinase signaling, Rho family of GTPases, etc. Surprisingly, none of the top 10 pathways listed the genes liable for redox signaling networks that are crucial for the basal cellular redox homeostasis, Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense, mitochondrial functions and cell survival. Our deeper and unbiased analysis of this data revealed that the genes involved in above canonical signaling pathways are found in the middle of the inverted vertical cone. Of note, although these pathways are significantly altered during the differentiation (of iPS into cardiomyocytes), a majority of them are ranked low in the hierarchical list (>150). Validation of the randomly selected genes representing various pathways real-time qPCR confirmed the global transcriptome changes observed in NGS.nnConclusionWe highlight the significance of Nrf2-redox and mitochondrial transcriptome during differentiation of iPSC into iCMs. Thus, targeting the redox signaling mechanisms in iCMs may enhance their efficiency for cell therapy and improved myocardial repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shanmugam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crossman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajasingh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalley, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namakkal-Soorappan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519793</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired Regulation of Redox Transcriptome during the Differentiation of iPSCs into Induced Cardiomyocytes (iCMs)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RHO-1 and the Rho GEF RHGF-1 interact with UNC-6/Netrin signaling to regulate growth cone protrusion and microtubule organization in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/520262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UNC-6/Netrin is a conserved axon guidance cue that directs growth cone migrations in the dorsal-ventral axis of C. elegans and in the vertebrate spinal cord. UNC-6/Netrin is expressed in ventral cells, and growth cones migrate ventrally toward or dorsally away from UNC-6/Netrin. Recent studies of growth cone behavior during outgrowth in vivo in C. elegans have led to a polarity/protrusion model in directed growth cone migration away from UNC-6/Netrin. In this model, UNC-6/Netrin first polarizes the growth cone via the UNC-5 receptor, leading to dorsally biased protrusion and F-actin accumulation. UNC-6/Netrin then regulates protrusion based on this polarity. The receptor UNC-40/DCC drives protrusion dorsally, away from the UNC-6/Netrin source, and the UNC-5 receptor inhibits protrusion ventrally, near the UNC-6/Netrin source, resulting in dorsal migration. UNC-5 inhibits protrusion in part by excluding microtubules from the growth cone, which are pro-protrusive. Here we report that the RHO-1/RhoA GTPase and its activator GEF RHGF-1 inhibit growth cone protrusion and MT accumulation in growth cones, similar to UNC-5. However, growth cone polarity of protrusion and F-actin were unaffected by RHO-1 and RHGF-1. Thus, RHO-1 signaling acts specifically as a negative regulator of protrusion and MT accumulation, and not polarity. Genetic interactions suggest that RHO-1 and RHGF-1 act with UNC-5, as well as with a parallel pathway, to regulate protrusion. The cytoskeletal interacting molecule UNC-33/CRMP was required for RHO-1 activity to inhibit MT accumulation, suggesting that UNC-33/CRMP might act downstream of RHO-1. In sum, these studies describe a new role of RHO-1 and RHGF-1 in regulation of growth cone protrusion by UNC-6/Netrin.nnAuthor SummaryNeural circuits are formed by precise connections between axons. During axon formation, the growth cone leads the axon to its proper target in a process called axon guidance. Growth cone outgrowth involves asymmetric protrusion driven by extracellular cues that stimulate and inhibit protrusion. How guidance cues regulate growth cone protrusion in neural circuit formation is incompletely understood. This work shows that the signaling molecule RHO-1 acts downstream of the UNC-6/Netrin guidance cue to inhibit growth cone protrusion in part by excluding microtubules from the growth cone, which are structural elements that drive protrusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gujar, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stricker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/520262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RHO-1 and the Rho GEF RHGF-1 interact with UNC-6/Netrin signaling to regulate growth cone protrusion and microtubule organization in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 178 high confidence target genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants (CCVs) in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium, and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities (HPPs) of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of potentially causal variants, using gene expression (eQTL), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways, were over-represented among the 178 highest confidence target genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fachal, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aschard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pooley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michailidou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soucy, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemacon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lush, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyrer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghoussaini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi Marjaneh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agata, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aittomaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alonso, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrulis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton-Culver, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonenkova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arason, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auber, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azzollini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkardottir, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrowdale, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeghly-Fadiel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermisheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialkowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomqvist, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blot, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojesen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonanni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>B</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 178 high confidence target genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aqueous synthesis of a small-molecule lanthanide chelator amenable to copper-free click chemistry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/531087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lanthanides (Ln3+), or rare earth elements, have proven to be useful tools for biomolecular NMR, X-ray crystallographic, and fluorescence analyses due to their unique 4f orbitals. However, their utility in biological applications has been limited because site-specific incorporation of a chelating element is required to ensure efficient binding of the free Ln3+ ion. Additionally, current Ln3+ chelator syntheses complicate efforts to directly incorporate Ln3+ chelators into proteins as the multi-step processes and a reliance on organic solvents promote protein denaturation and aggregation which are generally incompatible with direct incorporation into the protein of interest. To overcome these limitations, herein we describe a two-step aqueous synthesis of a small molecule lanthanide chelating agent amenable to site-specific incorporation into a protein using copper-free click chemistry with unnatural amino acids. The bioconjugate combines a diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating moiety with a clickable dibenzylcyclooctyne-amine (DBCO-amine) to facilitate the reaction with an azide containing unnatural amino acid. Incorporating the DBCO-amine avoids the use of the cytotoxic Cu2+ ion as a catalyst. The clickable lanthanide chelator (CLC) reagent reacted readily with p-azidophenylalanine (paF) without the need of a copper catalyst, thereby demonstrating proof-of-concept. Implementation of the orthogonal click chemistry reaction has the added advantage that the chelator can be used directly in a protein labeling reaction, without the need of extensive purification. Given the inherent advantages of Cu2+-free click chemistry, aqueous synthesis, and facile labeling, we believe that the CLC will find abundant use in both structural and biophysical studies of proteins and their complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bishop, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winefield, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anbanandam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lampe, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/531087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aqueous synthesis of a small-molecule lanthanide chelator amenable to copper-free click chemistry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential effects of open- and closed-loop intracortical microstimulation on firing patterns of neurons in distant cortical areas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/534032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIntracortical microstimulation can be used successfully to modulate neuronal activity. Activity-dependent stimulation (ADS), in which action potentials recorded extracellularly from a single neuron are used to trigger stimulation at another cortical location (closed-loop), is an effective treatment for behavioral recovery after brain lesion in rodents. Neurophysiological changes in cortical communication induced by ADS, and how these changes differ from those induced by open-loop random stimulation (RS) are still not clear.

ObjectivesWe investigated the ability of ADS and RS to induce changes in firing patterns in distant populations of neurons in healthy anesthetized rats.

MethodsFor this study we used 23 adult Long-Evan rats, recording from a total of 591 neuronal units. Stimulation was delivered to either forelimb or barrel field somatosensory cortex, using either randomly-timed stimulus pulses or ADS triggered from neuronal spikes recorded in the rostral forelimb area (RFA) of the motor cortex.

ResultsBoth RS and ADS stimulation protocols rapidly altered spike firing within RFA compared with no stimulation. Changes consisted of increases in mean firing rates and patterns of spike firing as measured by the revised Local Variation metric. ADS was more effective than RS in increasing short-latency evoked spikes during the stimulation periods, by producing a reliable, progressive increase in stimulus-related activity over time.

ConclusionsThese results are critical for understanding the efficacy of electrical microstimulation protocols in altering activity patterns in interconnected brain networks. These data further strengthen the idea that activity-dependent microstimulation, can be used to modulate cortical state and functional connectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Averna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasquale, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogantin, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Acker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiappalone, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/534032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential effects of open- and closed-loop intracortical microstimulation on firing patterns of neurons in distant cortical areas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic Insights into Specific G Protein Interactions with Adenosine Receptors Revealed by Accelerated Molecular Simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/541250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coupling between G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the G proteins is a key step in cellular signaling. Despite extensive experimental and computational studies, the mechanism of specific GPCR-G protein coupling remains poorly understood. This has greatly hindered effective drug design of GPCRs that are primary targets of ~1/3 of currently marketed drugs. Here, we have employed all-atom molecular simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method to decipher the mechanism of the GPCR-G protein interactions. Adenosine receptors (ARs) were used as model systems based on very recently determined cryo-EM structures of the A1AR and A2AAR coupled with the Gi and Gs proteins, respectively. Changing the Gi protein to the Gs led to increased fluctuations in the A1AR and agonist adenosine (ADO), while agonist 5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) binding in the A2AAR could be still stabilized upon changing the Gs protein to the Gi. Free energy calculations identified one stable low-energy conformation for each of the ADO-A1AR-Gi and NECA-A2AAR-Gs complexes as in the cryo-EM structures, similarly for the NECA-A2AAR-Gi complex. In contrast, the ADO agonist and Gs protein sampled multiple conformations in the ADO-A1AR-Gs system. GaMD simulations thus indicated that the ADO-bound A1AR preferred to couple with the Gi protein to the Gs, while the A2AAR could couple with both the Gs and Gi proteins, being highly consistent with experimental findings of the ARs. More importantly, detailed analysis of the atomic simulations showed that the specific AR-G protein coupling resulted from remarkably complementary residue interactions at the protein interface, involving mainly the receptor transmembrane 6 helix and the G 5 helix and 4-{beta}6 loop. In summary, the GaMD simulations have provided unprecedented insights into the dynamic mechanism of specific GPCR-G protein interactions at an atomistic level, which is expected to facilitate future drug design efforts of the GPCRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/541250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic Insights into Specific G Protein Interactions with Adenosine Receptors Revealed by Accelerated Molecular Simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as inferred from total-evidence tip-dating analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/543082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A unique feature among bees is the ability of some species of Megachile s.l. to cut and process fresh leaves for nest construction. The presence of razors between the female mandibular teeth (interdental laminae) to facilitate leaf-cutting (LC) is a morphological novelty that might have triggered a subsequent diversification in this group. However, we have a limited understanding of the evolutionary origins of this behavior and associated structures. Herein, we use total-evidence tip-dating analyses to infer the origin of LC bees and patterns of variation of interdental laminae. Our datasets included five nuclear genes, representatives of all fossil taxa, 80% of the extant generic-level diversity of Megachilidae, and the full range of generic and subgeneric diversity of Megachilini. Our analyses support the notion of a recent origin of LC bees (15-25 Ma), casting doubts on Eocene trace fossils attributed to these bees. We demonstrate that interdental laminae developed asynchronicaly from two different structures in the mandible (teeth or fimbrial ridge), and differ in their phenotypic plasticity. Based on the phylogenetic results, we propose robust classificatory solutions to long-standing challenges in the systematics of Megachilidae. We discuss the implications of our findings as a foundational framework to develop novel evolutionary, ecological, and functional hypotheses on this behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez Betancourt, V. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafson, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/543082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution of leaf-cutter behavior in bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as inferred from total-evidence tip-dating analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair mediated by the histone methyltransferase DOT1L 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/544981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotic cells, the homology-directed repair (HDR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways are required for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). The high-fidelity HDR pathway is particularly important for maintenance of genomic stability. In mammals, histone post-translational modifications and histone variant exchange into nucleosomes at sites of DSB generate an open chromatin state necessary for repair to take place. However, the specific contributions of histone modifications to histone variant exchange at DSB sites and the influence of these changes on the DNA repair process and genome stability are incompletely understood. Here we show that Dot1L-catalyzed methylation of H3 histone on lysine 79 (H3K79) is required for efficient HDR of DSB. In cells with DNA DSB either lacking Dot1L or expressing a methylation-dead Dot1L, there is altered kinetics of DNA repair factor recruitment, markedly decreased H2A.Z incorporation at DSB sites, and a specific and profound reduction in HDR, which results in significant genomic instability. These findings demonstrate a new role for Dot1L, identifying it as a critical regulator of the DNA repair process and a steward of genomic integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alvarez, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/544981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair mediated by the histone methyltransferase DOT1L]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/554279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The elusive actin cytoskeleton of a green alga expressing both conventional and divergent actins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/554279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a leading model system to study photosynthesis, cilia, and the generation of biological products. The cytoskeleton plays important roles in all of these cellular processes, but to date, the filamentous actin network within Chlamydomonas has remained elusive. By optimizing labeling conditions, we can now visualize distinct linear actin filaments at the posterior of the nucleus in both live and fixed vegetative cells. Using in situ cryo-electron tomography, we confirmed this localization by directly imaging actin filaments within the native cellular environment. The fluorescently-labeled structures are sensitive to the depolymerizing agent Latrunculin B (Lat B), demonstrating the specificity of our optimized labeling method. Interestingly, Lat B treatment resulted in the formation of a transient ring-like filamentous actin structure around the nucleus. The assembly of this perinuclear ring is dependent upon a second actin isoform, NAP1, which is strongly upregulated upon Lat B treatment and is insensitive to Lat B-induced depolymerization. Our study combines orthogonal strategies to provide the first detailed visual characterization of filamentous actins in Chlamydomonas, allowing insights into the coordinated functions of two actin isoforms expressed within the same cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Craig, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaffer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avasthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/554279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The elusive actin cytoskeleton of a green alga expressing both conventional and divergent actins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/556621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D cell culture stimulates the secretion of in vivo like exosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/556621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For studying cellular communications ex-vivo, a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model is currently used as the "gold standard". 2D culture models are also widely used in the study of RNA expression profiles from tumor cells secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) for tumor biomarker discovery. Although the 2D culture system is simple and easily accessible, the culture environment is unable to represent in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Our study observed that 2D culture-derived EVs showed significantly different profiles in terms of secretion dynamics and essential signaling molecular contents (RNAs and DNAs), when compared to the three-dimensional (3D) culture-derived EVs. By performing small RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cervical cancer cells and their EVs compared with cervical cancer patient plasma EV-derived small RNAs, we observed that 3D culture-derived EV small RNAs differ from their parent cell small RNA profile which may indicate a specific sorting process. Most importantly, the 3D culture derived EV small RNA profile exhibited a much higher similarity (~96%) to in vivo circulating EVs derived from cervical cancer patient plasma. However, 2D culture derived EV small RNA profile correlated better with only their parent cells cultured in 2D. On the other hand, DNA sequencing analysis suggests that culture and growth conditions do not affect the genomic information carried by EV secretion. This work also suggests that tackling EV molecular alterations secreted into interstitial fluids can provide an alternative, non-invasive approach for investigating 3D tissue behaviors at the molecular precision. This work could serve as a foundation for building precise models employed in mimicking in vivo tissue system with EVs as the molecular indicators or transporters. Such models could be used for investigating tumor biomarkers, drug screening, and understanding tumor progression and metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thippabhotla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/556621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D cell culture stimulates the secretion of in vivo like exosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two resistance nodulation division-family efflux pumps in Chromobacterium species and their role in antibiotic resistance and tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Very little is known of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of members of the Chromobacterium genus. In previous studies of Chromobacterium subtsugae (formerly C. violaceum) strain CV017, we identified a resistance nodulation division (RND)-family efflux pump (CdeAB-OprM). Here, we show the cdeAB-oprM genes are widely distributed in members of the Chromobacterium genus. We use antimicrobial susceptibility testing with a CV017 cdeAB-oprM mutant to show the products of these genes confers resistance to a variety of antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, a clinically important antibiotic. We also identified a related RND-family pump, cseAB-oprN, in the genome of CV017 and other C. subtsugae species, that is not present in other members of the Chromobacterium genus. We demonstrate that CdeAB-OprM and CseAB-OprN are both transcriptionally induced in CV017 cells treated with sub-lethal antibiotic concentrations and they are important for induction of tolerance to different antibiotics. While CdeAB-OprM has a broad antibiotic specificity, the CseAB-OprN system is highly specific for a ribosome-targeting antibiotic produced by the saprophytic bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis, bactobolin. Finally, we use a previously developed B. thailandensis-C. subtsugae CV017 co-culture model to demonstrate that adding sub-lethal bactobolin at the beginning of co-culture growth increases the ability of CV017 to compete with B. thailandensis in a manner that is dependent on the CseAB-OprN system. Our results provide new information on the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Chromobacterium species and highlight the importance of efflux pumps during competition with other bacterial species.

IMPORTANCEThis study describes two closely related efflux pumps in members of the Chromobacterium genus, which includes opportunistic but often-fatal pathogens and species with highly versatile metabolic capabilities. Efflux pumps remove antibiotics from the cell and are important for antibiotic resistance. One of these pumps is broadly distributed in the Chromobacterium genus and increases resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The other efflux pump is present only in Chromobacterium subtsugae and is highly specific for bactobolin, an antibiotic produced by the soil saprophyte Burkholderia thailandensis. We demonstrate these pumps can be activated to increase resistance by their antibiotic substrates, and that this activation is important for C. subtsugae to survive in a laboratory competition experiment with B. thailandensis. These results have implications for managing antibiotic-resistant Chromobacterium infections, bioengineering of Chromobacterium species, and for understanding the evolution of efflux pumps.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Benomar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two resistance nodulation division-family efflux pumps in Chromobacterium species and their role in antibiotic resistance and tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RanGTP regulates cilium formation and ciliary trafficking of a kinesin-II subunit independent of its nuclear functions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kinesin is part of the microtubule (MT)-binding motor protein superfamily, which exerts crucial functions in cell division and intracellular transport in different organelles. The heterotrimeric kinesin-II, consisting of the kinesin like protein KIF3A/3B heterodimer and kinesin-associated protein KAP3, is highly conserved across species between the green alga Chlamydomonas and humans. It plays diverse roles in cargo transport including anterograde (base to tip) trafficking in cilium. However, the molecular determinants mediating trafficking of heterotrimeric kinesin-II itself is poorly understood. Using the unicellular eukaryote Chlamydomonas and mammalian cells, we show that RanGTP regulates ciliary trafficking of KAP3. We found the armadillo repeat region 6-9 (ARM6-9) of KAP3, required for its nuclear translocation, is sufficient for its targeting to the ciliary base. Given that KAP3 is essential for cilia formation and the emerging roles of RanGTP/importin {beta} in ciliary protein targeting, we further investigate the effect of RanGTP in cilium length regulation in these two different systems. We demonstrate that precise control of RanGTP levels, revealed by different Ran mutants, is crucial for cilium formation and maintenance. Most importantly, we were able to segregate RanGTP regulation of ciliary protein incorporation from of its nuclear roles. Our work provides important support for the model that nuclear import mechanisms have been coopted for independent roles in ciliary import.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avasthi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RanGTP regulates cilium formation and ciliary trafficking of a kinesin-II subunit independent of its nuclear functions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation and validation of reference and library selection methods for deconvolution of cord blood DNA methylation data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/570457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUmbilical cord blood (UCB) is commonly used in epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal exposures. Accounting for cell type composition is critical in such studies as it reduces confounding due to the cell specificity of DNA methylation (DNAm). In the absence of cell sorting information, statistical methods can be applied to deconvolve heterogeneous cell mixtures. Among these methods, reference-based approaches leverage age appropriate cell-specific DNA-methylation profiles to estimate cellular composition. In UCB, four reference datasets comprising DNAm signatures profiled in purified cell populations have been published using the Illumina 450K and 850K EPIC arrays. These datasets are biologically and technically different, and currently there is no consensus on how to best apply them. Here, we systematically evaluate and compare these datasets and provide recommendations for reference-based UCB deconvolution.nnResultsWe first evaluated the four reference datasets to ascertain both the purity of the samples and the potential cell cross-contamination. We filtered samples and combined datasets to obtain a joint UCB reference. We selected deconvolution libraries using two different approaches: automatic selection using the top differentially methylated probes from the function pickCompProbes in minfi and a standardized library selected using the IDOL (Identifying Optimal Libraries) iterative algorithm. We compared the performance of each reference separately and in combination, using the two approaches for reference library selection, and validated the results in an independent cohort (Generation R Study, n=191) with matched FACS measured cell counts. Strict filtering and combination of the references significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of cell type estimates. Ultimately, the IDOL library outperformed the library from the automatic selection method implemented in pickCompProbes.nnConclusionThese results have important implications for epigenetic studies in UCB as implementing this method will optimally reduce confounding due to cellular heterogeneity. This work provides guidelines for future reference-based UCB deconvolution and establishes a framework for combining reference datasets in other tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gervin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakulski, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Zelm, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiencke, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duijts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moll, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsey, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobor, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Felix, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/570457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation and validation of reference and library selection methods for deconvolution of cord blood DNA methylation data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/598433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Be Isolated from Human Peripheral Nerves after in vitro BMP-2 Stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/598433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have recently identified a population of cells within the peripheral nerves of adult mice that can respond to BMP-2 exposure or physical injury to rapidly proliferate. More importantly, these cells exhibited embryonic differentiation potentials that could be induced into osteoblastic and endothelial cells in vitro. The current study examined human nerve specimens to compare and characterize the cells after BMP-2 stimulation. Fresh pieces of human nerve tissue were minced and treated with either BMP-2 (750ng/ml) or vehicle for 12 hours at 37{degrees}C, before digested in 0.2% collagenase and 0.05% trypsin-EDTA. Isolated cells were cultured in restrictive stem cell medium. Significantly more cells were obtained from the nerve pieces with BMP-2 treatment in comparison with the non-treated controls. Cell colonies were starting to form at day 3. Expressions of the 4 transcription factors Klf4, c-Myc, Sox2 and Oct4 were confirmed at both transcriptional and translational levels. The cells can be maintained in the stem cell culture medium for at least 6 weeks without changing morphologies. When the cells were switched to fibroblast growth medium, dispersed spindle-shaped cells were noted and became fibroblast activated protein- (FAP) positive following immunocytochemistry staining. The data suggested that human peripheral nerve tissue also contain a population of cells that can respond to BMP-2 and express all four transcription factors KLF4, Sox2, cMyc, and Oct4. These cells are capable to differentiate into FAP-positive fibroblasts. It is proposed that these cells are possibly at the core of a previously unknown natural mechanism for healing injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heggeness, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dart, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/598433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pluripotent Stem Cells Can Be Isolated from Human Peripheral Nerves after in vitro BMP-2 Stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment and representation of variability in ecological niche model predictions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecological niche models are popular tools used in fields such as ecology, biogeography, conservation biology, and epidemiology. These models are used commonly to produce representations of species potential distributions, which are then used to answer other research questions; for instance, where species richness is highest, where potential impacts of climate change can be anticipated, or where to expect spread of invasive species or disease vectors. Although these representations of potential distributions are variable which contributes to uncertainty in these predictions, model variability is neglected when presenting results of ecological niche model analyses. Here, we present examples of how to quantify and represent variability in models, particularly when models are transferred in space and time. To facilitate implementations of analyses of variability, we developed R functions and made them freely available. We demonstrate means of understanding how much variation exists and where this variation is manifested in geographic space. Representing model variability in geographic space gives a reference of the uncertainty in predictions, so analyzing this aspect of model outcomes must be a priority when policy is to be set or decisions taken based on these models. Our open access tools also facilitate post modeling process that otherwise could take days of manual work.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Olvera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment and representation of variability in ecological niche model predictions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/618546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptomics of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) reveals strong differential gene expression in response to host plant toxicity, but weak response to parasite infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/618546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Herbivorous insects have evolved many mechanisms to overcome plant chemical defenses, including detoxification and sequestration. Herbivores may also use toxic plants to reduce parasite infection. Plant toxins could directly interfere with parasites or could enhance endogenous immunity. Alternatively, plant toxins could favor down-regulation of endogenous immunity by providing an alternative (exogenous) defense against parasitism. However, studies on genome-wide transcriptomic responses to plant defenses and the interplay between host plant toxicity and parasite infection remain rare. Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are specialist herbivores that feed on milkweeds (Asclepias spp.), which contain toxic cardenolides. Monarchs have adapted to cardenolides through multiple resistance mechanisms and can sequester cardenolides to defend against bird predators. In addition, high-cardenolide milkweeds confer medicinal effects to monarchs against a specialist protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha). We used this system to study the interplay between the effects of plant toxicity and parasite infection on global gene expression. Our results demonstrate that monarch larvae differentially express several hundred genes when feeding on A. curassavica and A. incarnata, two species that are similar in nutritional content but differ substantially in cardenolide concentrations. These differentially expressed genes include genes within multiple families of canonical insect detoxification genes, suggesting that they play a role in monarch toxin resistance and sequestration. Interestingly, we found little transcriptional response to infection. However, parasite growth was reduced in monarchs reared on A. curassavica, and in these monarchs, a small number of immune genes were down-regulated, consistent with the hypothesis that medicinal plants can reduce reliance on endogenous immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcaide, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerardo, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Roode, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/618546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptomics of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) reveals strong differential gene expression in response to host plant toxicity, but weak response to parasite infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population genomics reveals complex patterns of immune gene evolution in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/620013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune genes presumably rapidly evolve as pathogens exert strong selection pressures on host defense, but the evolution of immune genes is also constrained by trade-offs with other biological functions and shaped by the environmental context. Thus, immune genes may exhibit complex evolutionary patterns, particularly when organisms disperse to or live in variable environments. We examined the evolutionary patterns of the full set of known canonical immune genes within and among populations of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), and relative to a closely related species (D. gilippus). Monarchs represent a system with a known evolutionary history, in which North American monarchs dispersed to form novel populations across the world, providing an opportunity to explore the evolution of immunity in the light of population expansion into novel environments. By analyzing a whole-genome resequencing dataset across populations, we found that immune genes as a whole do not exhibit consistent patterns of selection, differentiation, or genetic variation, but that patterns are specific to functional classes. Species comparisons between D. plexippus and D. gilippus and analyses of monarch populations both revealed consistently low levels of genetic variation in signaling genes, suggesting conservation of these genes over evolutionary time. Modulation genes showed the opposite pattern, with signatures of relaxed selection across populations. In contrast, recognition and effector genes exhibited less consistent patterns. When focusing on genes with exceptionally strong signatures of selection or differentiation, we also found population-specific patterns, consistent with the hypothesis that monarch populations do not face uniform selection pressures with respect to immune function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mongue, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Roode, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerardo, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/620013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population genomics reveals complex patterns of immune gene evolution in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linking patterns of genetic variation to processes of diversification in Malaysian torrent frogs (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops): a landscape genomics approach 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/628891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interplay between environmental attributes and evolutionary processes can provide valuable insights into how biodiversity is generated, partitioned, and distributed. This study investigates the role of spatial, environmental, and historical factors that could potentially drive diversification and shape genetic variation in Malaysian torrent frogs. Torrent frogs are ecologically conserved, and we hypothesize that this could impose tight constraints on dispersal routes, gene flow, and consequently genetic structure. Moreover, levels of gene flow were shown to vary among populations from separate mountain ranges, indicating that genetic differentiation could be influenced by landscape features. Using genome-wide SNPs in conjunction with landscape variables derived from GIS, we performed distance-based redundancy analyses and variance partitioning to disentangle the effects of isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-environment (IBE), and isolation-by-colonization (IBC). Our results demonstrated that IBE, contributed minimally to genetic variation. Intraspecific population structure can be largely attributed to IBD, whereas interspecific diversification was primarily driven by IBC. We also detected two distinct population bottlenecks, indicating that speciation events were likely driven by vicariance or founder events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/628891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linking patterns of genetic variation to processes of diversification in Malaysian torrent frogs (Anura: Ranidae: Amolops): a landscape genomics approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semaphorin 7a dependent programs of cell surivival, matrix remodeling, and EMT drive postpartum breast tumor progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Young women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) have poor prognosis due to increased rates of metastasis. Additionally, women within 10 years of most recent childbirth at diagnosis are [~]3 times more likely to develop metastasis than age and stage matched nulliparous women. We define these cases as postpartum BC (PPBC) and propose that the unique biology of the postpartum mammary gland drives tumor progression. Our published results revealed roles for SEMA7A in breast tumor cell growth, motility, invasion, and tumor associated-lymphangiogenesis, all of which are also increased in pre-clinical models of PPBC. However, whether SEMA7A drives progression in PPBC remains largely unexplored. Our results presented herein show that silencing of SEMA7A decreases tumor growth in a model of PPBC while overexpression is sufficient to increase growth in nulliparous hosts. Further, we show that SEMA7A promotes multiple known drivers of PPBC progression including tumor associated COX-2 expression and fibroblast-mediated collagen deposition in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we show for the first time that SEMA7A expressing cells deposit fibronectin to promote tumor cell survival. Finally, we show that co-expression of SEMA7A/COX-2/FN predicts for poor prognosis in breast cancer patient cohorts. These studies suggest SEMA7A as a key mediator of BC progression and that targeting SEMA7A may open avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tarullo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hill, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behbod, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borges, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyons, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/631044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semaphorin 7a dependent programs of cell surivival, matrix remodeling, and EMT drive postpartum breast tumor progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational mimics of allosteric effectors: a genome editing design to validate allosteric drug targets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of drugs that allosterically regulate enzyme functions to treat disease is a costly venture. Screening mutations that mimic allosteric effectors in vitro will identify therapeutic regulatory targets enhancing the likelihood of developing a disease treatment at a reasonable cost. We demonstrate the potential of this approach utilizing human liver pyruvate kinase (hLPYK) as a model. Inhibition of hLPYK was the first desired outcome of our screen. We identified individual point mutations that: 1) mimicked allosteric inhibition by alanine, 2) mimicked inhibition by protein phosphorylation, and 3) prevented binding of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP). Our second desired screening outcome was activation of hLPYK. We identified individual point mutations that: 1) prevented hLPYK from binding alanine, the allosteric inhibitor, 2) prevented inhibitory protein phosphorylation, or 3) mimicked allosteric activation by Fru-1,6-BP. Combining the three activating point mutations produced a constitutively activated enzyme that was unresponsive to regulators. Expression of a mutant hLPYK transgene containing these three mutations in a mouse model was not lethal. Thus, mutational mimics of allosteric effectors will be useful to confirm whether allosteric activation of hLPYK will control glycolytic flux in the diabetic liver to reduce hepatic glucose production and, in turn, reduce or prevent hyperglycemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villar, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artigues, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/632232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational mimics of allosteric effectors: a genome editing design to validate allosteric drug targets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional tunability from a distance: Rheostat positions influence allosteric coupling between two distant binding sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For protein mutagenesis, a common expectation is that important positions will behave like on/off "toggle" switches (i.e., a few substitutions act like wildtype, most abolish function). However, there exists another class of important positions that manifests a wide range of functional outcomes upon substitution: "rheostat" positions. Previously, we evaluated rheostat positions located near the allosteric binding sites for inhibitor alanine (Ala) and activator fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP) in human liver pyruvate kinase. When substituted with multiple amino acids, many positions demonstrated moderate rheostat effects on allosteric coupling between effector binding and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) binding in the active site. Nonetheless, the combined outcomes of all positions sampled the full range of possible allosteric coupling (full tunability). However, that study only evaluated allosteric tunability of "local" positions, i.e., positions were located near the binding sites of the allosteric ligand being assessed. Here, we evaluated tunability of allosteric coupling when mutated sites were distant from the allosterically-coupled binding sites. Positions near the Ala binding site had rheostat outcomes on allosteric coupling between Fru-1,6-BP and PEP binding. In contrast, positions in the Fru-1,6-BP site exhibited modest effects on coupling between Ala and PEP binding. Analyzed in aggregate, both PEP/Ala and PEP/Fru-1,6-BP coupling were again fully tunable by amino acid substitutions at this limited set of distant positions. Furthermore, some positions exhibited rheostatic control over multiple parameters and others exhibited rheostatic effects on one parameter and toggle control over a second. These findings highlight challenges in efforts to both predict/interpret mutational outcomes and engineer functions into proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/632422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional tunability from a distance: Rheostat positions influence allosteric coupling between two distant binding sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Do neutral protein positions really exist? A case study with allostery in human liver pyruvate kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how each residue position contributes to protein function has been a long-standing goal in protein science. Substitution studies have historically focused on conserved protein positions. However, substitutions of nonconserved positions can also modify function. Indeed, we recently identified nonconserved positions that have large substitution effects in human liver pyruvate kinase (hLPYK), including altered allosteric coupling. To facilitate a comparison of which characteristics determine when a nonconserved position does vs. does not contribute to function, the goal of the current work was to identify neutral positions in hLPYK. However, existing hLPYK data showed that three features commonly associated with neutral positions - high sequence entropy, high surface exposure, and alanine scanning - lacked the sensitivity needed to guide experimental studies. We used multiple evolutionary patterns identified in a sequence alignment of the PYK family to identify which positions were least patterned, reasoning that these were most likely to be neutral. Nine positions were tested with a total of 117 amino acid substitutions. Although exploring all potential functions is not feasible for any protein, five parameters associated with substrate/effector affinities and allosteric coupling were measured for hLPYK variants. For each position, the aggregate functional outcomes of all variants were used to quantify a "neutrality" score. Three positions showed perfect neutral scores for all five parameters. Furthermore, the nine positions showed larger neutral scores than 17 positions located near allosteric binding sites. Thus, our strategy successfully enriched the dataset for positions with neutral and modest substitutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Martin, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougherty, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parente, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/632562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Do neutral protein positions really exist? A case study with allostery in human liver pyruvate kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/639807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An intergenic non-coding RNA promoter required for histone modifications in the human β-globin chromatin domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/639807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome analyses show a surprisingly large proportion of the mammalian genome is transcribed; much more than can be accounted for by genes and introns alone. Most of this transcription is non-coding in nature and arises from intergenic regions, often overlapping known protein-coding genes in sense or antisense orientation. The functional relevance of this widespread transcription is unknown. Here we characterize a promoter responsible for initiation of an intergenic transcript located approximately 3.3 kb and 10.7 kb upstream of the adult-specific human {beta}-globin genes. Mutational analyses in {beta}-YAC transgenic mice show that alteration of intergenic promoter activity results in ablation of H3K4 di- and tri-methylation and H3 hyperacetylation extending over a 30 kb region immediately downstream of the initiation site, containing the adult {delta}- and {beta}-globin genes. This results in dramatically decreased expression of the adult genes through position effect variegation in which the vast majority of definitive erythroid cells harbor inactive adult globin genes. In contrast, expression of the neighboring {varepsilon}- and {gamma}-globin genes is completely normal in embryonic erythroid cells, indicating a developmentally specific variegation of the adult domain. Our results demonstrate a role for intergenic non-coding RNA transcription in the propagation of histone modifications over chromatin domains and epigenetic control of {beta}-like globin gene transcription during development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Debrand, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakalova, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyenechea, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osborne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harju-Baker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pink, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/639807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An intergenic non-coding RNA promoter required for histone modifications in the human β-globin chromatin domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breeding for broad-spectrum disease resistance alters the maize leaf microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPlant genotype strongly affects disease resistance, and also influences the composition of the leaf microbiome. However, these processes have not been studied and linked in the microevolutionary context of breeding for improved disease resistance. We hypothesized that broad-spectrum disease resistance alleles also affect colonization by non-pathogenic symbionts.nC_LIO_LIQuantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to multiple fungal pathogens were introgressed into a disease-susceptible maize inbred line. Bacterial and fungal leaf microbiomes of the resulting near-isogenic lines were compared to the microbiome of the disease-susceptible parent line at two timepoints in multiple fields.nC_LIO_LIIntrogression of QTL from disease-resistant lines strongly shifted the relative abundance of diverse fungal and bacterial taxa in both 3-week-old and 7-week-old plants. Nevertheless, the effects on overall community structure and diversity were minor and varied among fields and years. Contrary to our expectations, host genotype effects were not any stronger in fields with high disease pressure than in uninfected fields, and microbiome succession over time was similar in heavily infected plants and uninfected plants.nC_LIO_LIThese results show that introgressed QTL can greatly improve broad-spectrum disease resistance while having only limited and inconsistent pleiotropic effects on the leaf microbiome in maize.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busby, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breeding for broad-spectrum disease resistance alters the maize leaf microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/647651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While most bacterial and archaeal taxa living in surface soils remain undescribed, this problem is exacerbated in deeper soils owing to the unique oligotrophic conditions found in the subsurface. Additionally, previous studies of soil microbiomes have focused almost exclusively on surface soils, even though the microbes living in deeper soils also play critical roles in a wide range of biogeochemical processes. We examined soils collected from 20 distinct profiles across the U.S. to characterize the bacterial and archaeal communities that live in subsurface soils and to determine whether there are consistent changes in soil microbial communities with depth across a wide range of soil and environmental conditions. We found that bacterial and archaeal diversity generally decreased with depth, as did the degree of similarity of microbial communities to those found in surface horizons. We observed five phyla that consistently increased in relative abundance with depth across our soil profiles: Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Euryarchaeota, and candidate phyla GAL15 and Dormibacteraeota (formerly AD3). Leveraging the unusually high abundance of Dormibacteraeota at depth, we assembled genomes representative of this candidate phylum and identified traits that are likely to be beneficial in low nutrient environments, including the synthesis and storage of carbohydrates, the potential to use carbon monoxide (CO) as a supplemental energy source, and the ability to form spores. Together these attributes likely allow members of the candidate phylum Dormibacteraeota to flourish in deeper soils and provide insight into the survival and growth strategies employed by the microbes that thrive in oligotrophic soil environments.nnImportanceSoil profiles are rarely homogeneous. Resource availability and microbial abundances typically decrease with soil depth, but microbes found in deeper horizons are still important components of terrestrial ecosystems. By studying 20 soil profiles across the U.S., we documented consistent changes in soil bacterial and archaeal communities with depth. Deeper soils harbored distinct communities compared to the more commonly studied surface horizons. Most notably, we found that the candidate phylum Dormibacteraeota (formerly AD3) was often dominant in subsurface soils, and we used genomes from uncultivated members of this group to identify why these taxa are able to thrive in such resource-limited environments. Simply digging deeper into soil can reveal a surprising amount of novel microbes with unique adaptations to oligotrophic subsurface conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brewer, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arogyaswamy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billings, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botthoff, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dove, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fairbanks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallery, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohse, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maltz, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayorga, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neill, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Packman, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pett-Ridge, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silver, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fierer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/647651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological and genomic attributes of novel bacterial taxa that thrive in subsurface soil horizons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Copulas reveal complex and informative dependencies propagating throughout ecology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All branches of ecology study relationships among and between environmental and biological variables. However, standard approaches to studying such relationships, based on correlation and regression, provide only a small slice of the complex information contained in the relationships. Other statistical approaches exist that provide a complete description of relationships between variables, based on the concept of the copula; they are applied in finance, neuroscience and other fields, but rarely in ecology. We here explore the concepts that underpin copulas and examine the potential for those concepts to improve our understanding of ecology. We find that informative copula structure in dependencies between variables is common across all the environmental, species-trait, phenological, population, community, and ecosystem functioning datasets we considered. Many datasets exhibited asymmetric tail associations, whereby two variables were more strongly related in their left compared to right tails, or vice versa. We describe mechanisms by which observed copula structure and asymmetric tail associations can arise in ecological data, including a Moran-like effect whereby dependence structures between environmental variables are inherited by ecological variables; and asymmetric or nonlinear influences of environments on ecological variables, such as under Liebigs law of the minimum. We also describe consequences of copula structure for ecological phenomena, including impacts on extinction risk, Taylors law, and the stability through time of ecosystem services. By documenting the importance of a complete description of dependence between variables, advancing conceptual frameworks, and demonstrating a powerful approach, we aim to encourage widespread use of copulas in ecology, which we believe can benefit the discipline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loecke, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bever, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/650838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Copulas reveal complex and informative dependencies propagating throughout ecology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposable element dynamics are consistent across the Drosophila phylogeny, despite drastically differing content 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) vary across the tree of life and even between closely related species with similar ecologies. In Drosophila, most of the focus on TE dynamics has been completed in Drosophila melanogaster and the overall pattern indicates that TEs show an excess of low frequency insertions, consistent with their frequent turn over and high fitness cost in the genome. Outside of D. melanogaster, insertions in the species Drosophila algonquin, suggests that this situation may not be universal, even within Drosophila. Here we test whether the pattern observed in D. melanogaster is similar across five Drosophila species that share a common ancestor more than fifty million years ago.nnResultsFor the most part, TE family and order insertion frequency patterns are broadly conserved between species, supporting the idea that TEs have invaded species recently, are mostly costly and dynamics are conserved in orthologous regions of the host genomennConclusionsMost TEs retain similar activities and fitness costs across the Drosophila phylogeny, suggesting little evidence of drift in the dynamics of TEs across the phylogeny, and that most TEs have invaded species recently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/651059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposable element dynamics are consistent across the Drosophila phylogeny, despite drastically differing content]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitonuclear interactions influence Alzheimer’s disease risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/654400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We examined the associations between mitochondrial DNA haplogroups (MT-hg) and their interactions with a polygenic risk score based on nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (nMT-PRS) with risk of dementia and age of onset of dementia (AOO). Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of MT-hgs and nMT-PRS on dementia at baseline (332 controls / 204 cases). Cox proportional hazards models were used to model dementia AOO (n=1047; 433 incident cases). Additionally, we tested for interactions between MT-hg and nMT-PRS in the logistic and Cox models. MT-hg K and a one SD larger nMT-PRS were associated with elevated odds of dementia. Significant antagonistic interactions between the nMT-PRS and MT-hg K and T were observed. Individual MT-hg were not associated with AOO; however, a significant antagonistic interactions was observed between the nMT-PRS and MT-hg T and a synergistic interaction between the nMT-PRS and MT-hg V. These results suggest that MT-hgs influence dementia risk, and that variants in the nuclear and mitochondrial genome interact to influence the age of onset of dementia.nnHighlightsO_LIMitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to influence dementia risknC_LIO_LIMT-hg K and T interacted with a genetic risk score to reduce dementia risknC_LIO_LIMT-hg T and V interacted with a genetic risk score to influence dementia age of onsetnC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Andrews, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulton-Howard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFall, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gross, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaelis, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goate, A. M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pa, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/654400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitonuclear interactions influence Alzheimer’s disease risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Simple Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Duplications and Deletions in Next-Generation Sequencing Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number variants (CNV) are associated with phenotypic variation in several species. However, properly detecting changes in copy numbers of sequences remains a difficult problem, especially in lower quality or lower coverage next-generation sequencing data. Here, inspired by recent applications of machine learning in genomics, we describe a method to detect duplications and deletions in short-read sequencing data. In low coverage data, machine learning appears to be more powerful in the detection of CNVs than the gold-standard methods or coverage estimation alone, and of equal power in high coverage data. We also demonstrate how replicating training sets allows a more precise detection of CNVs, even identifying novel CNVs in two genomes previously surveyed thoroughly for CNVs using long read data.nnAvailable at: https://github.com/tomh1lll/dudeml
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hill, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Simple Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Duplications and Deletions in Next-Generation Sequencing Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigen-Specific Immune Decoys Intercept and Exhaust Autoimmunity to Prevent Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relapsing-remitting patterns of many autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are perpetuated by a recurring circuit of adaptive immune cells that amplify in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and traffic to compartments where antigen is abundant to elicit damage. Some of the most effective immunotherapies impede the migration of immune cells through this circuit, however, broadly suppressing immune cell migration can introduce life-threatening risks for patients. We developed antigen-specific immune decoys (ASIDs) to mimic tissues targeted in autoimmunity and selectively intercept autoimmune cells to preserve host tissue. Using Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model, we conjugated autoantigen PLP139-151 to a microporous collagen scaffold. By subcutaneously implanting ASIDs after induction but prior to the onset of symptoms, mice were protected from paralysis. ASID implants were rich with autoimmune cells, however, reactivity to cognate antigen was substantially diminished and apoptosis was prevalent. ASID-implanted mice consistently exhibited engorged spleens when disease normally peaked. In addition, splenocyte antigen-presenting cells were highly activated in response to PLP rechallenge, but CD3+ and CD19+ effector subsets were significantly decreased, suggesting exhaustion. ASID-implanted mice never developed EAE relapse symptoms even though the ASID material had long since degraded, suggesting exhausted autoimmune cells did not recover functionality. Together, data suggested ASIDs were able to sequester and exhaust immune cells in an antigen-specific fashion, thus offering a compelling approach to inhibit the migration circuit underlying autoimmunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Griffin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedlacek, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flannagan, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/662973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigen-Specific Immune Decoys Intercept and Exhaust Autoimmunity to Prevent Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems chemoproteomic analysis of acyl-CoA signaling networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/665281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acyl-CoA/protein interactions are required for many functions essential to life including membrane synthesis, oxidative metabolism, and macromolecular acetylation. However, despite their importance, the global scope and selectivity of these protein-metabolite interactions remains undefined. Here we describe the development of CATNIP (CoA/AcetylTraNsferase Interaction Profiling), a chemoproteomic platform for the high-throughput analysis of acyl-CoA/protein interactions in endogenous proteomes. First, we apply CATNIP to identify acetyl-CoA-binding proteins through unbiased clustering of competitive dose-response data. Next, we use this method to profile diverse protein-CoA metabolite interactions, identifying biological processes susceptible to altered acetyl-CoA levels. Finally, we apply systems-level analyses to assess the features of novel protein networks that may interact with acyl-CoAs, and demonstrate a strategy for high-confidence proteomic annotation of acetyl-CoA binding proteins. Overall our studies illustrate the power of integrating chemoproteomics and systems biology, and provide a resource for understanding the roles of acyl-CoA metabolites in biology and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Levy, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorpe, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fox, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andresson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meier, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/665281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems chemoproteomic analysis of acyl-CoA signaling networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668343v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic and structural diversity of aromatically dense pili from environmental metagenomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/668343v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electroactive type IV pili, or e-pili, are used by some microbial species for extracellular electron transfer. Recent studies suggest that e-pili may be more phylogenetically and structurally diverse than previously assumed. Here, we used updated aromatic density thresholds ([&ge;]9.8% aromatic amino acids, [&le;]22-aa aromatic gaps, and aromatic amino acids at residues 1, 24, 27, 50 and/or 51, and 32 and/or 57) to search for putative e-pilin genes in metagenomes from diverse ecosystems with active microbial metal cycling. Environmental putative e-pilins were diverse in length and phylogeny, and included truncated e-pilins in Geobacter spp., as well as longer putative e-pilins in Fe(II)-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria and Zetaproteobacteria.nnOriginality and SignificanceElectroactive pili (e-pili) are used by microorganisms to respire solid metals in their environment through extracellular electron transfer. Thus, e-pili enable microbes to occupy specific environmental niches. Additionally, e-pili have important potential for biotechnological applications. Currently the repertoire of known e-pili is small, and their environmental distribution is largely unknown. Using sequence analysis, we identified numerous genes encoding putative e-pili from diverse anoxic, metal-rich ecosystems. Our results expand the diversity of putative e-pili in environments where metal oxides may be important electron acceptors for microbial respiration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bray, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padilla, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowle, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simister, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowe, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/668343</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic and structural diversity of aromatically dense pili from environmental metagenomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/670893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NMDA receptor in vasopressin 1b neurons is not required for short-term social memory, object memory or aggression. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/670893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) plays an important role in social behaviors including aggression, social learning and memory. Genetic removal of Avpr1b from mouse models results in deficits in aggression and short-term social recognition in adults. Avpr1b gene expression is highly enriched in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 2 (CA2) region. Activity of the hippocampal CA2 has been shown to be required for normal short-term social recognition and aggressive behaviors. Vasopressin acts to enhance synaptic responses of CA2 neurons through a NMDA-receptor dependent mechanism. Genetic removal of the obligatory subunit of the NMDA receptor (Grin1) within distinct hippocampal regions impairs non-social learning and memory. However, the question of a direct role for NMDA receptor activity in Avpr1b neurons to modulate social behavior remains unclear. To answer this question, we first created a novel transgenic mouse line with Cre recombinase knocked into the Avpr1b coding region to genetically target Avpr1b neurons. We confirmed this line has dense Cre expression throughout the dorsal and ventral CA2 regions of the hippocampus, along with scattered expression within the caudate-putamen and olfactory bulb. Conditional removal of the NMDA receptor was achieved by crossing our line to an available floxed Grin1 line. The resulting mice were measured on a battery of social and memory behavioral tests. Surprisingly, we did not observe any differences between Avpr1b-Grin1 knockout mice and their wildtype siblings. We conclude that mice without typical NMDA receptor function in Avpr1b neurons can develop normal aggression as well as short-term social and object memory performance.nnSignificance StatementActivity of neurons that express vasopressin 1b receptor are essential for aggressive and social recognition behaviors. We created a novel transgenic mouse to allow selective targeting of vasopressin 1b neurons. Our studies indicate that NMDA receptor expression in vasopressin 1b neurons (including most CA2 neurons) are not required for development of the typical expression of aggression or recognition memory. Thus, CA2 neurons may have a unique way of incorporating novel stimuli into memory that deserves further investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams Avram, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fastman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cymerblit-Sabba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Granovetter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cilz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stackmann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/670893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NMDA receptor in vasopressin 1b neurons is not required for short-term social memory, object memory or aggression.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/673277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Bayesian framework for identifying consistent patterns of microbial abundance between body sites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/673277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have found that the microbiome in both gut and mouth are associated with diseases of the gut, including cancer. If resident microbes could be found to exhibit consistent patterns between the mouth and gut, disease status could potentially be assessed non-invasively through profiling of oral samples. Currently, there exists no generally applicable method to test for such associations. Here we present a Bayesian framework to identify microbes that exhibit consistent patterns between body sites, with respect to a phenotypic variable. For a given operational taxonomic unit (OTU), a Bayesian regression model is used to obtain Markov-Chain Monte Carlo estimates of abundance among strata, calculate a correlation statistic, and conduct a formal test based on its posterior distribution. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate overall viability of the approach, and provide information on what factors affect its performance. Applying our method to a dataset containing oral and gut microbiome samples from 77 pancreatic cancer patients revealed several OTUs exhibiting consistent patterns between gut and mouth with respect to disease subtype. Our method is well powered for modest sample sizes and moderate strength of association and can be flexibly extended to other research settings using any currently established Bayesian analysis programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meier, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelsey, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michaud, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/673277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Bayesian framework for identifying consistent patterns of microbial abundance between body sites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic Stability of Single-Channel Neurophysiological Correlates of Gross and Fine Reaching Movements in the Rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/674101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Following injury to motor cortex, reorganization occurs throughout spared brain regions and is thought to underlie motor recovery. Unfortunately, the standard neurophysiological and neuroanatomical measures of post-lesion plasticity are only indirectly related to observed changes in motor execution. While substantial task-related neural activity has been observed during motor tasks in rodent primary motor cortex and premotor cortex, the long-term stability of these responses in healthy rats is uncertain, limiting the interpretability of longitudinal changes in the specific patterns of neural activity during motor recovery following injury. This study examined the stability of task-related neural activity associated with execution of reaching movements in healthy rodents. Rats were trained to perform a novel reaching task combining a  gross lever press and a  fine pellet retrieval. In each animal, two chronic microelectrode arrays were implanted in motor cortex spanning the caudal forelimb area (rodent primary motor cortex) and the rostral forelimb area (rodent premotor cortex). We recorded multiunit spiking and local field potential activity from 10 days to 7-10 weeks post-implantation to characterize the patterns of neural activity observed during each task component and analyzed the consistency of channel-specific task-related neural activity. Task-related changes in neural activity were observed on the majority of channels. While the task-related changes in multi-unit spiking and local field potential spectral power were consistent over several weeks, spectral power changes were more stable, despite the trade-off of decreased spatial and temporal resolution. These results show that rodent primary and premotor cortex are both involved in reaching movements with stable patterns of task-related activity across time, establishing the relevance of the rodent for future studies designed to examine changes in task-related neural activity during recovery from focal cortical lesions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bundy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/674101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic Stability of Single-Channel Neurophysiological Correlates of Gross and Fine Reaching Movements in the Rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/689851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel metric reveals previously unrecognized distortion in dimensionality reduction of scRNA-Seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/689851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-dimensional data are becoming increasingly common in nearly all areas of science. Developing approaches to analyze these data and understand their meaning is a pressing issue. This is particularly true for single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), a technique that simultaneously measures the expression of tens of thousands of genes in thousands to millions of single cells. The emerging consensus for analysis workflows significantly reduces the dimensionality of the dataset before performing downstream analysis, such as assignment of cell types. One problem with this approach is that dimensionality reduction can introduce substantial distortion into the data; consider the familiar example of trying to represent the three-dimensional earth as a two-dimensional map. It is currently unclear if such distortion affects analysis of scRNA-seq data. Here, we introduce a straightforward approach to quantifying this distortion by comparing the local neighborhoods of points before and after dimensionality reduction. We found that popular techniques like t-SNE and UMAP introduce substantial distortion even for relatively simple simulated data sets. For scRNA-seq data, we found the distortion in local neighborhoods was often greater than 95% in the representations typically used for downstream analyses. This level of distortion can introduce errors into cell type identification, pseudotime ordering, and other analyses. We found that principal component analysis can generate accurate embeddings, but only when using dimensionalities that are much higher than typically used in scRNA-seq analysis. Our work suggests the need for a new generation of dimensional reduction algorithms that can accurately embed high dimensional data in its true latent dimension.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cooley, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, J. C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/689851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel metric reveals previously unrecognized distortion in dimensionality reduction of scRNA-Seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692251v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Colicin E1 Fragments Potentiate Antibiotics by Plugging TolC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/692251v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The double membrane architecture of Gram-negative bacteria forms a barrier that is effectively impermeable to extracellular threats. Bacteriocin proteins evolved to exploit the accessible, surface-exposed proteins embedded in the outer membrane to deliver cytotoxic cargo. Colicin E1 is a bacteriocin produced by, and lethal to, Escherichia coli that hijacks the outer membrane proteins TolC and BtuB to enter the cell. Here we capture the colicin E1 translocation domain inside its membrane receptor, TolC, by high-resolution cryoEM, the first reported structure of a bacteriocin bound to TolC. Colicin E1 binds stably to TolC as an open hinge through the TolC pore--an architectural rearrangement from colicin E1s unbound conformation. This binding is stable in live E. coli cells as indicated by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Finally, colicin E1 fragments binding to TolC plugs the channel, inhibiting its native efflux function as an antibiotic efflux pump and heightening susceptibility to three antibiotic classes. In addition to demonstrating that these protein fragments are useful starting points for developing novel antibiotic potentiators, this method could be expanded to other colicins to inhibit other outer membrane protein functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Budiardjo, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deay, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calkins, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wimalasena, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montezano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biteen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J. S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/692251</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Colicin E1 Fragments Potentiate Antibiotics by Plugging TolC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Foot shock stress generates persistent widespread hypersensitivity and anhedonic behavior in an anxiety-prone strain of mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A significant subset of patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS) suffer from widespread, as well as pelvic, pain and experience mood-related disorders, including anxiety, depression, and panic disorder. Stress is a commonly-reported trigger for symptom onset and exacerbation within these patients. The link between stress and pain is thought to arise, in part, from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the response to stress and can influence the perception of pain. Previous studies have shown that stress exposure in anxiety-prone rats can induce both pelvic and widespread hypersensitivity. Here, we exposed female A/J mice, an anxiety-prone inbred murine strain, to 10 days of foot shock stress to determine stress-induced effects on sensitivity, anhedonia, and HPA axis regulation and output in. At 1- and 28-days post-foot shock, A/J mice displayed significantly increased bladder sensitivity and hind paw mechanical allodynia. They also displayed anhedonic behavior, measured as reduced nest building scores and a decrease in sucrose preference during the 10-day foot shock exposure. Serum corticosterone was significantly increased at 1-day post-foot shock and bladder mast cell degranulation rates were similarly high in both sham- and shock-exposed mice. Bladder cytokine and growth factor mRNA levels indicated a persistent shift toward a pro-inflammatory environment following foot shock exposure. Together, these data suggest that chronic stress exposure in an anxiety-prone mouse strain may provide a useful translational model for understanding mechanisms that contribute to widespreadness of pain and increased comorbidity in a subset of UCPPS patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wright, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Foot shock stress generates persistent widespread hypersensitivity and anhedonic behavior in an anxiety-prone strain of mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interaction between induced and natural variation at oil yellow1 delays flowering in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/706846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously demonstrated that maize (Zea mays) locus very oil yellow1 (vey1) encodes a putative cis-regulatory expression polymorphism at the magnesium chelatase subunit I gene (aka oil yellow1) that strongly modifies the chlorophyll content of the semi-dominant Oy1-N1989 mutants. The vey1 allele of Mo17 inbred line reduces chlorophyll content in the mutants leading to reduced photosynthetic output. Oy1-N1989 mutants in B73 reached reproductive maturity four days later than wild-type siblings. Enhancement of Oy1-N1989 by the Mo17 allele at the vey1 QTL delayed maturity further, resulting in detection of a flowering time QTL in two bi-parental mapping populations crossed to Oy1-N1989. The near isogenic lines of B73 harboring the vey1 allele from Mo17 delayed flowering of Oy1-N1989 mutants by twelve days. Just as previously observed for chlorophyll content, vey1 had no effect on reproductive maturity in the absence of the Oy1-N1989 allele. Loss of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Oy1-N1989 mutants and enhancement by vey1 reduced CO2 assimilation. We attempted to separate the effects of photosynthesis on the induction of flowering from a possible impact of chlorophyll metabolites and retrograde signaling by manually reducing leaf area. Removal of leaves, independent of the Oy1-N1989 mutant, delayed flowering but surprisingly reduced chlorophyll contents of emerging leaves. Thus, defoliation did not completely separate the identity of the signal(s) that regulates flowering time from changes in chlorophyll content in the foliage. These findings illustrate the necessity to explore the linkage between metabolism and the mechanisms that connect it to flowering time regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khangura, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkata, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickelbart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhungana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilkes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/706846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interaction between induced and natural variation at oil yellow1 delays flowering in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On Some Problems of Estimating Fundamental Niche from Physiological Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/716688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hutchinson proposed the idea of the fundamental niche, determined by physiological properties of a species, more than 50 years ago. The idea remains both central to ecological thinking and largely unexplored experimentally. In this note, we describe some problems of using physiological experiments databases to estimate fundamental niches, show some solutions, and the apply our solution to testing the prediction that fundamental niches contain realized niches, for some species of marine fishes and terrestrial beetles. Our results were concordant with Hutchinsons predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Ruelas, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiroz-Reyes, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sotelo-Pedroza, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/716688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On Some Problems of Estimating Fundamental Niche from Physiological Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/717520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/717520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent phylogenetic studies of gekkonid lizards have revealed unexpected, widespread paraphyly and polyphyly among genera, unclear generic boundaries, and a tendency towards the nesting of taxa exhibiting specialized, apomorphic morphologies within geographically widespread "generalist" clades. This is especially true in the Australasia, where the monophyly of Gekko proper has been questioned with respect to phenotypically ornate flap-legged geckos of the genus Luperosaurus, the Philippine false geckos of the genus Pseudogekko, and even the elaborately "derived" parachute geckos of the genus Ptychozoon. Here we employ sequence capture targeting 5060 ultraconserved elements to infer phylogenomic relationships among 42 representative ingroup gekkonine lizard taxa. We analyzed multiple datasets of varying degrees of completeness (10, 50, 75, 95, and 100 percent complete with 4715, 4051, 3376, 2366, and 772 UCEs, respectively) using concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent methods. Our sampling scheme was designed to address four persistent systematic questions in this group: (1) Are Luperosaurus and Ptychozoon monophyletic and are any of these named species truly nested within Gekko? (2) Are prior phylogenetic estimates of Sulawesis L. iskandari as sister to Melanesian G. vittatus supported by our genome-scale dataset? (3) Is the high elevation L. gulat of Palawan Island correctly placed within Gekko? (4) And, finally, where do the enigmatic taxa P. rhacophorus and L. browni fall in a higher-level gekkonid phylogeny? We resolve these issues; confirm with strong support some previously inferred findings (placement of Ptychozoon taxa within Gekko; the sister relationship between L. iskandari and G. vittatus); resolve the systematic position of unplaced taxa (L. gulat, and L. browni); and transfer L. iskandari, L. gulat, L. browni, and all members of the genus Ptychozoon to the genus Gekko. Our unexpected and novel systematic inference of the placement of Ptychozoon rhacophorus suggests that this species is not related to Ptychozoon or even Luperosaurus (as previously expected) but may, in fact, be most closely related to several Indochinese species of Gekko. With our final, well-supported topologies, we recognize seven newly defined subgenera to accommodate [~]60 species within the more broadly defined and maximally-inclusive Australasian genus Gekko. The newly defined subgenera will aide taxonomists and systematists in species descriptions by allowing them to only diagnose putatively new species from the most relevant members of the same subgenus, not necessarily the phenotypically variable genus Gekko as a whole, and we argue that it appropriately recognizes geographically circumscribed units (e.g., a new subgenus for a novel clade, entirely endemic to the Philippines) while simultaneously recognizing several of the most systematically controversial, phenotypically distinct, and phylogenetically unique lineages. An added benefit of recognizing the most inclusive definition of Gekko, containing multiple phylogenetically-defined subgenera, is that this practice has the potential to alleviate taxonomic vandalism, if widely adopted, by creating formally available, supraspecific taxa, accompanied by character-based diagnoses and properly assigned type species, such that future, more atomized classifications would necessarily be required to adopt todays subgenera as tomorrows genera under the guidelines of The Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Not only does this simple practice effectively eliminate the nefarious motivation behind taxonomic vandalism, but it also ensures that supraspecific names are created only when accompanied by data, that they are coined with reference to a phylogenetic estimate, and that they explicitly involve appropriate specifiers in the form of type species and, ultimately, type specimens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wood, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travers, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grismer, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siler, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/717520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parachute geckos free fall into synonymy: Gekko phylogeny, and a new subgeneric classification, inferred from thousands of ultraconserved elements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new variance ratio metric to detect the timescale of compensatory dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the mechanisms governing ecological stability - why a property such as primary productivity is stable in some communities and variable in others - has long been a focus of ecology. Compensatory dynamics, in which anti-synchronous fluctuations between populations buffer against fluctuations at the community level, is a key theoretical mechanism of stability. Classically, compensatory dynamics have been quantified using a "variance ratio" approach that compares the ratio between community variance and aggregate population variance, such that a lower ratio indicates compensation and a higher ratio indicates synchrony among species fluctuations. However, population dynamics may be influenced by different drivers that operate on different timescales, and evidence from aquatic systems indicates that communities can be compensatory on some timescales and synchronous on others. The variance ratio and related metrics cannot reflect this timescale-specificity, yet have remained popular, especially in terrestrial systems. Here, we develop a timescale-specific variance ratio approach that formally decomposes the classical variance ratio according to the timescales of distinct contributions. The approach is implemented in a new R package, called tsvr, that accompanies this paper. We apply our approach to a long-term, multi-site grassland community dataset. Our approach demonstrates that the degree of compensation versus synchrony in community dynamics can vary by timescale. Across sites, population variability was typically greater over longer compared to shorter timescales. At some sites, minimal timescale-specificity in compensatory dynamics translated this pattern of population variability into a similar pattern of greater community variability on longer compared to shorter timescales. But at other sites, differentially stronger compensatory dynamics at longer compared to shorter timescales produced lower-than-expected community variability on longer timescales. Within every site there were plots that exhibited shifts in the strength of compensation between timescales. Our results highlight that compensatory versus synchronous dynamics are intrinsically timescale-dependent concepts, and our timescale-specific variance ratio provides a metric to quantify timescale-specificity and relate it back to the classic variance ratio.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallett, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rypel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorani, M. C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoemaker, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cottingham, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suding, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reuman, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/742510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new variance ratio metric to detect the timescale of compensatory dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Labeling proteins within Drosophila embryos by combining FRET reporters, position-specific genomic integration, and GAL4-reponsive expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein interaction network (PIN) or interactome has been mapped vigorously for the entire genome. We recognize, nonetheless, that such a map could illuminate profound insights had its context been revealed. We describe a scalable protein lableling method that could re-supply natural context back to the map of protein interactome. Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, position-specific genomic integration and GAL4-responsive expression control enable labeling proteins A, B and C each with a either an eGFP, mCherry or NirFP in specified cells of optically transparent animals such as Drosophila embryos. While following multiple proteins through development and behavior, these labels offer separable pairs of Forster resonance energy transfer between proteins A and B and proteins B and C. We test and observe FRET interactions between specific protein pairs controlling cytoskeleton, nuclear signaling and cell polarity. By using our protein labeling method, it will be possible to map protein interaction network in situ -- isPIN.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Freitas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boulina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharifai, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samarajeewa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanaba, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zusman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celniker, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/743492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Labeling proteins within Drosophila embryos by combining FRET reporters, position-specific genomic integration, and GAL4-reponsive expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743757v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
G-Protein-Coupled Receptor-Membrane Interactions Depend on the Receptor Activation state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743757v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of human membrane proteins and serve as primary targets of [~]1/3 of currently marketed drugs. In particular, adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) is an important therapeutic target for treating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries, neuropathic pain and renal diseases. As a prototypical GPCR, the A1AR is located within a phospholipid membrane bilayer and transmits cellular signals by changing between different conformational states. It is important to elucidate the lipid-protein interactions in order to understand the functional mechanism of GPCRs. Here, all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) method were performed on both the inactive (antagonist bound) and active (agonist and G protein bound) A1AR, which was embedded in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer. In the GaMD simulations, the membrane lipids played a key role in stabilizing different conformational states of the A1AR. Our simulations further identified important regions of the receptor that interacted distinctly with the lipids in highly correlated manner. Activation of the A1AR led to differential dynamics in the upper and lower leaflets of the lipid bilayer. In summary, GaMD enhanced simulations have revealed strongly coupled dynamics of the GPCR and lipids that depend on the receptor activation state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/743757</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[G-Protein-Coupled Receptor-Membrane Interactions Depend on the Receptor Activation state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743773v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Modeling of Peptide-Protein Binding through Global Docking and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/743773v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides mediate up to 40% of known protein-protein interactions in higher eukaryotes and play a key role in cellular signaling, protein trafficking, immunology and oncology. However, it is challenging to predict peptide-protein binding with conventional computational modeling approaches, due to slow dynamics and high peptide flexibility. Here, we present a prototype of the approach which combines global peptide docking using ClusPro PeptiDock and all-atom enhanced simulations using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD). For three distinct model peptides, the lowest backbone root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) of their bound conformations relative to X-ray structures obtained from PeptiDock were 3.3 [A] - 4.8 [A], being medium quality predictions according to the Critical Assessment of PRediction of Interactions (CAPRI) criteria. GaMD simulations refined the peptide-protein complex structures with significantly reduced peptide backbone RMSDs of 0.6 [A] - 2.7 [A], yielding two high quality (sub-angstrom) and one medium quality models. Furthermore, the GaMD simulations identified important low-energy conformational states and revealed the mechanism of peptide binding to the target proteins. Therefore, PeptiDock+GaMD is a promising approach for exploring peptide-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alekseenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozakov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/743773</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Modeling of Peptide-Protein Binding through Global Docking and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seasonal Effects of Environmental Change on Yellow-Bellied Marmot Population Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/745620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Natural populations are exposed to seasonal variation in environmental factors that simultaneously affect several demographic rates (survival, development, reproduction). The resulting covariation in these rates determines population dynamics, but accounting for its numerous biotic and abiotic drivers is a significant challenge. Here, we use a factor-analytic approach to capture partially unobserved drivers of seasonal population dynamics. We use 40 years of individual-based demography from yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to fit and project population models that account for seasonal demographic covariation using a latent variable. We show that this latent variable, by producing positive covariation among winter demographic rates, depicts a measure of environmental quality. Simultaneous, negative responses of winter survival and reproductive-status change to declining environmental quality result in a higher risk of population quasi-extinction, regardless of summer demography where recruitment takes place. We demonstrate how complex environmental processes can be summarized to understand population persistence in seasonal environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paniw, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armitage, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumstein, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozgul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/745620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seasonal Effects of Environmental Change on Yellow-Bellied Marmot Population Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of defeat-induced social avoidance by medial amygdala DRD1 in male and female prairie voles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/747923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social interaction with unfamiliar individuals is necessary for species-preserving behaviors such as finding mates and establishing social groups. However, social conflict is a potential negative outcome to interaction with a stranger that can be distressing enough to cause an individual to later avoid interactions with other unfamiliar conspecifics. Unfortunately, stress research using a prominent model of social conflict, social defeat stress, has largely omitted female subjects. This has left a void in the literature regarding social strain on female stress biology and adequate comparison of the effect of sex in stress pathways. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) exhibits aggressive behavior in both sexes, making voles an attractive candidate to model social defeat in both sexes. This study sought to establish a model of social defeat stress in both male and female prairie voles, characterize behavioral changes in response to this stressor, and investigate the role of dopamine signaling in the response to social defeat stress. Defeated male and female prairie voles displayed social avoidance as well as an increase in expression of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) in the medial amygdala (MeA). Pharmacological manipulation of DRD1 signaling in the MeA revealed that increased DRD1 signaling is sufficient to induce a social avoidant state, and could be a necessary component in the defeat-induced social avoidance response. These findings provide the prairie vole as a model of social defeat in both sexes, and implicate the MeA in avoidance of unfamiliar conspecifics after a distressing social encounter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tickerhoof, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/747923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of defeat-induced social avoidance by medial amygdala DRD1 in male and female prairie voles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 (Musashi) and EXC-7 (HuR) Regulate Serotonin-Mediated Behaviors in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding proteins HuR and MSI are essential for multiple developmental processes and are upregulated in many cancer tissues. The C. elegans homologues EXC-7 (HuR) and MSI-1 (MSI1 and MSI2) have been implicated in tubulogenesis, neural development, and specific behaviors that include male tail-curling to maintain contact with the hermaphrodite during mating. This behavior is mediated by serotonin signaling. Here, drug studies plus biochemical and genetic results indicate that MSI-1 affects serotonergic signaling through stabilization of mRNA of the G protein GOA-1/GNAO1 in neurons, which in turn affects activity of the serotonin synthase TPH-1/tryptophan hydroxylase via the response element CRH-1/CREB. EXC-7 (HuR) is also involved in this regulatory pathway. These results indicate a novel pathway and role for these RNA-binding proteins in regulating neurotransmitter levels that could be conserved in other tissues where these RNA-binding proteins are present.nnImpact StatementnnRNA-binding proteins Musashi and HuR upregulate serotonin levels for male-specific movement during mating via a novel pathway involving a neural G protein, response element, and serotonin synthase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buechner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/748509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 (Musashi) and EXC-7 (HuR) Regulate Serotonin-Mediated Behaviors in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765610v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exons, Introns, and UCEs Reveal Conflicting Phylogenomic Signals in a Rapid Radiation of Frogs (Ranidae: Hylarana) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765610v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The manuscript titled "Exons, Introns, and UCEs Reveal Conflicting Phylogenomic Signals in a Rapid Radiation of Frogs (Ranidae: Hylarana)" has been withdrawn from BioRxiv temporarily. The manuscript has been withdrawn because it utilizes a new protocol for data collection, which has yet not been published. Once the paper describing the new method becomes available for circulation, this manuscript will be resubmitted to BioRxiv. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grismer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/765610</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exons, Introns, and UCEs Reveal Conflicting Phylogenomic Signals in a Rapid Radiation of Frogs (Ranidae: Hylarana)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robustness and the evolution of length control strategies in the type III secretion system and flagellar hook 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/766733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria construct many structures, like the flagellar hook and the type III secretion system, that aid in crucial processes such as locomotion and pathogenesis. Experimental work has suggested two competing mechanisms bacteria could use to regulate length in these structures: the "ruler" mechanism and the "substrate switching" mechanism. In this work, we constructed a mathematical model of length control based on the ruler mechanism, and found that the predictions of this model are consistent with experimental data not just for the scaling of the average length with the ruler protein length, but also the variance. Interestingly, we found that the ruler mechanism allows for the evolution of needles with large average lengths without the concomitant large increase in variance that occurs in the substrate switching mechanism. These findings shed new light on the trade-offs that may have lead to the evolution of different length control mechanisms in different bacterial species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nariya, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallela, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/766733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robustness and the evolution of length control strategies in the type III secretion system and flagellar hook]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773374v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
17α Estradiol promotes plasticity of spared inputs in the adult amblyopic visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/773374v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The promotion of structural and functional plasticity by estrogens is a promising therapy to enhance central nervous system function in the aged. However, how the sensitivity to estrogens is regulated across brain regions, age and experience is poorly understood. To ask if estradiol treatment impacts structural and functional plasticity in sensory cortices, we examined the acute effect of 17 Estradiol in adult Long Evans (LE) rats following chronic monocular deprivation, a manipulation that reduces the strength and selectivity of deprived eye vision. Chronic monocular deprivation decreased thalamic input from the deprived eye to the binocular visual cortex and accelerated short-term depression of the deprived eye pathway, without changing the total density of excitatory synapses. Importantly, we found that the classical estrogen receptors ER and ER{beta} are robustly expressed in the adult visual cortex, and that a single dose of 17 Estradiol increased the size of excitatory postsynaptic densities, reduced the expression of parvalbumin and decreased the integrity of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, 17 Estradiol enhanced experience-dependent plasticity in the amblyopic visual cortex, and promoted response potentiation of the pathway served by the non-deprived eye. The promotion of plasticity at synapses serving the non-deprived eye may reflect selectivity for synapses with an initially low probability of neurotransmitter release, and may inform applications to remap spared inputs around a scotoma or a cortical infarct
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lantz, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinlan, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/773374</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[17α Estradiol promotes plasticity of spared inputs in the adult amblyopic visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/778605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P<5.0x10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate <0.05). Five loci showed associations (P<0.05) in opposite directions between luminal- and non-luminal subtypes. In-silico analyses showed these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 37.6% for triple-negative and 54.2% for luminal A-like disease. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahearn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lecarpentier, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Mara, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolla, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunning, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abu Ful, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aittomaki, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrulis, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton-Culver, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arndt, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aronson, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arun, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azzollini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrowdale, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beckmann, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benitez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bermisheva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bialkowska, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blomqvist, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanova, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bojesen, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonanni, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondavalli, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brenner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Briceno, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broeks, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brucker, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruning, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burwinkel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/778605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PICH promotes SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα dissociation from mitotic centromeres for proper chromosome segregation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/781401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a SNF2 family DNA translocase and is a Small Ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) binding protein. Despite that both translocase activity and SUMO-binding activity are required for proper chromosome segregation, how these two activities function to mediate chromosome segregation remains unknown. Here, we show that PICH specifically promotes dissociation of SUMOylated TopoisomeraseII (TopoII) from mitotic chromosomes. When TopoII is stalled by treatment of cells with a potent TopoII inhibitor, ICRF-193, TopoII becomes SUMOylated, and this promotes its interaction with PICH. Conditional depletion of PICH using the Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) system resulted in retention of SUMOylated TopoII on chromosomes, indicating that PICH removes stalled SUMOylated TopoII from chromosomes. In vitro assays showed that PICH specifically regulates SUMOylated TopoII activity using its SUMO-binding and translocase activities. Taken together, we propose a novel mechanism for how PICH acts on stalled SUMOylated TopoII for proper chromosome segregation.nnSummary StatementPolo-like kinase interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) interacts with SUMOylated proteins to mediate proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The results demonstrate that PICH promotes dissociation of SUMOylated TopoisomeraseII from chromosomes and that function leads to proper chromosome segregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hassebroek, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerbakken, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksenova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnaoutov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasso, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azuma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/781401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PICH promotes SUMOylated TopoisomeraseIIα dissociation from mitotic centromeres for proper chromosome segregation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Further Exploration of the SAR of Imidazoquinolines; Identification of Potent C7 Substituted Imidazoquinolines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small molecule agonists of TLR7/8, such as imidazoquinolines, are validated agonists for the treatment of cancer and for use in vaccine adjuvants. Imidazoquinolines have been extensively modified to understand the structure-activity relationship (SAR) at the N1- and C2-positions resulting in the clinical drug imiquimod, resiquimod, and several other highly potent analogues. However, the SAR of the aryl ring has not been fully elucidated in the literature. This initial study examines the SAR of C7-substituted imidazoquinolines. These compounds not only demonstrated that TLR7/8 tolerate changes at the C7 position but can increase potency and change their cytokine profiles. The most notable TLR7/8 agonists developed from this study 5, 8, and 14 which are up to 4-fold and 2-fold more active than resiquimod for TLR8 and/or TLR7, respectively, and up to 100-fold more active than the FDA approved imiquimod for TLR7.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hunt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleindl, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moulder, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prisinzano, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/793232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Further Exploration of the SAR of Imidazoquinolines; Identification of Potent C7 Substituted Imidazoquinolines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetAP2 inhibition reduces food intake and body weight in a ciliopathy mouse model of obesity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and Alstrom Syndrome are genetically inherited pleiotropic disorders with primary clinical features of hyperphagia and obesity. Methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitors (MetAP2i) have been shown in preclinical and clinical studies to reduce food intake, body weight, and adiposity. Here we investigated the effects of MetAP2i administration in a mouse model of ciliopathy produced by conditional deletion of the Thm1 gene in adulthood (Thm1 cko). Thm1 cko mice show decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin expression as well as hyperphagia, obesity, metabolic disease and hepatic steatosis. In obese Thm1 cko mice, two-week administration of MetAP2i reduced daily food intake and reduced body weight 17.1% from baseline (vs. 5% reduction for vehicle). This was accompanied with decreased levels of blood glucose, insulin and leptin. Further, MetAP2i reduced gonadal adipose depots and adipocyte size and improved liver morphology. This is the first report of MetAP2i reducing hyperphagia and body weight, and ameliorating metabolic indices in a mouse model of ciliopathy. These results support further investigation of MetAP2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for ciliary-mediated forms of obesity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pottorf, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fagan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vath, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/800151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetAP2 inhibition reduces food intake and body weight in a ciliopathy mouse model of obesity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic interaction of mammalian IFT-A paralogs regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary protein trafficking, Hedgehog signaling and embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primary cilia are sensory organelles that are essential for eukaryotic development and health. These antenna-like structures are synthesized by intraflagellar transport protein complexes, IFT-B and IFT-A, which mediate bi-directional protein trafficking along the ciliary axoneme. Here using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), we investigate the ciliary roles of two mammalian orthologues of Chlamydomonas IFT-A gene, IFT139, namely Thm1 (also known as Ttc21b) and Thm2 (Ttc21a). Thm1 loss causes perinatal lethality, and Thm2 loss allows survival into adulthood. At E14.5, the number of Thm1;Thm2 double mutant embryos is lower than that for a Mendelian ratio, indicating deletion of Thm1 and Thm2 causes mid-gestational lethality. We examined the ciliary phenotypes of mutant MEF. Thm1-mutant MEF show decreased cilia assembly, shortened primary cilia, a retrograde IFT defect for IFT and BBS proteins, and reduced ciliary entry of membrane-associated proteins. Thm1-mutant cilia also show a retrograde transport defect for the Hedgehog transducer, Smoothened, and an impaired response to Smoothened agonist, SAG. Thm2-null MEF show normal ciliary dynamics and Hedgehog signaling, but additional loss of a Thm1 allele impairs response to SAG. Further, Thm1;Thm2 double mutant MEF show enhanced cilia disassembly, and relative to Thm1-null MEF, increased impairment of IFT81 retrograde transport and of INPP5E ciliary import. Thus, Thm1 and Thm2 have unique and redundant roles in MEF. Thm1 regulates cilia assembly, and together with Thm2, cilia disassembly. Moreover, Thm1 alone and together with Thm2, regulates ciliary protein trafficking, Hedgehog signaling, and embryogenesis. These findings shed light on mechanisms underlying Thm1-, Thm2- or IFT-A-mediated ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pottorf, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic interaction of mammalian IFT-A paralogs regulates cilia disassembly, ciliary protein trafficking, Hedgehog signaling and embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution in novel environments: do restored prairie populations experience strong selection? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/824409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When populations colonize new habitats, they are likely to experience novel environmental conditions, and as a consequence may experience strong selection. While selection and the resulting evolutionary responses may have important implications for establishment success in colonizing populations, few studies have estimated selection in such scenarios. Here we examined evidence of selection in recently established plant populations in two prairie restorations in close proximity (< 15 km apart) using two approaches: 1) we tested for evidence of past selection on a suite of traits in two Chamaecrista fasciculata populations by comparing the restored populations to each other and their shared source population in common gardens to quantify evolutionary responses and 2) we measured selection in the field. We found evidence of past selection on flowering time, specific leaf area, and root nodule production in one of the populations, but detected contemporary selection on only one trait (plant height). This demonstrates that while selection can occur in colonizing populations, resulting in significant evolutionary responses in less than 6 generations, rapid evolutionary responses may be weak in even nearby populations sown with the same source population. Because contemporary measures of selection rarely predicted observed evolutionary responses, it also suggests that selection likely differs over the early stages of succession that characterize young prairies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Magnoli, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/824409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution in novel environments: do restored prairie populations experience strong selection?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FrogCap: A modular sequence capture probe set for phylogenomics and population genetics for all frogs, assessed across multiple phylogenetic scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the increasing use of high-throughput sequencing in phylogenetics, many phylogenetic relationships remain difficult to resolve because of conflict between gene trees and species trees. Selection of different types of markers (i.e. protein-coding exons, non-coding introns, ultra-conserved elements) is becoming important to alleviate these phylogenomic challenges. For evolutionary studies in frogs, we introduce the new publicly available FrogCap suite of genomic resources, which is a large and flexible collection of probes corresponding to [~]15,000 markers that unifies previous frog sequencing work. FrogCap is designed to be modular, such that subsets of markers can be selected based on the phylogenetic scale of the intended study. FrogCap uses a variety of molecular marker types that include newly obtained exons and introns, previously sequenced UCEs, and Sanger-sequencing markers, which span a range of alignment lengths (100-12,000 base pairs). We tested three probe sets from FrogCap using 105 samples across five phylogenetic scales, comparing probes designed using a consensus- or genome-based approach. We also tested the effects of using different bait kit sizes on depth of coverage and missing data. We found that larger bait kits did not result in lowered depth of coverage or increased missing data. We also found that sensitivity, specificity, and missing data are not related to genetic distance in the consensus-based probe design, suggesting that this approach has greater success and overcomes a major hurdle in probe design. We observed sequence capture success (in terms of missing data, quantity of sequence data, recovered marker length, and number of informative sites) and compared them at all phylogenetic scales. The incorporation of different molecular marker types allowed recovery of the variation required for resolving difficult phylogenetic relationships and for performing population genetic studies. Altogether, FrogCap is a valuable and adaptable resource for performing high-throughput sequencing projects across variable timescales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hutter, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cobb, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Portik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travers, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/825307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FrogCap: A modular sequence capture probe set for phylogenomics and population genetics for all frogs, assessed across multiple phylogenetic scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species delimitation in the grey zone: introgression obfuscates phylogenetic inference and species boundaries in a cryptic frog complex (Ranidae: Pulchrana picturata) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/832683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As molecular methods continue to elucidate genetic structure at increasingly finer resolutions, delimiting species in the grey zone of the speciation continuum is becoming more relevant in biodiversity research, especially in under-studied biodiversity hotspots such as Southeast Asia where new species are being described at an unprecedented rate. Obvious species at both ends of the speciation continuum have mostly been described and attention is now turning towards the "grey zone:" an intermediate stage in which species criteria are in conflict and boundaries between populations and species are less clear. This study demonstrates that widely-used criteria (phylogenetic placement, genetic divergence, phylogeny- and distance-based species delimitation methods) can overestimate species diversity/boundaries when introgression is present. However, a comprehensive species delimitation framework that considers spatial and genetic population structure, introgression, and the use of species delimitation methods based on parameter estimation, can provide a more accurate characterization of species boundaries in this grey zone. We applied this approach to a group of Southeast Asian frogs from the Pulchrana picturata Complex that exhibits continuous morphological variation and high genetic divergences. Results showed that introgression was rampant among Bornean populations, which led to phylogenetic discordance and an overestimation of species. We suspect that our results do not form an isolated case; and that introgression among cryptic populations, occurring continuously across a wide geographic area (e.g., the topographically complex island of Borneo, and Earths major continents), may be more common than previously thought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grismer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/832683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species delimitation in the grey zone: introgression obfuscates phylogenetic inference and species boundaries in a cryptic frog complex (Ranidae: Pulchrana picturata)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trophoblast paracrine signaling regulates placental hematoendothelial niche 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The placenta acts as a major organ for hematopoiesis. It is believed that placental hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) migrate to the fetal liver to ensure optimum hematopoiesis in the developing embryo. The labyrinth vasculature in a mid-gestation mouse placenta provides a niche for the definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation and expansion. It has been proposed that these processes are regulated by a host of paracrine factors secreted by trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the molecular mechanism by which the TGCs regulate the hematoendothelial niche in a developing placenta is yet to be defined. Using a TGC-specific Gata2 and Gata3 double knockout mouse model, we show that the loss of GATA2 and GATA3 at the TGC layer leads to fetal growth retardation and embryonic death due to disruptions in the delicate hematopoietic-angiogenic balance in the developing placenta. Using single-cell RNA-Seq analyses, we also show that the loss of GATA factors in the TGCs results in the loss of HSC population within the placental labyrinth and is associated with defective placental angiogenesis. Interestingly, we also found that this TGC-specific GATA factor-loss leads to impaired differentiation and distribution of trophoblast progenitor cells. Our study helps to define the GATA-dependent non-autonomous signaling mechanisms of the primary parietal trophoblast giant cells by which it regulates the delicate hematopoietic-angiogenic balance in the developing placenta.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Home, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikshan, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/840660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trophoblast paracrine signaling regulates placental hematoendothelial niche]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent Energy Expenditure Impacts Mouse Metabolic Adaptation to Acute High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet Producing Sexually Dimorphic Weight Gain Patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/840702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveLong-term weight gain can result from cumulative small weight increases due to short-term excess caloric intake during weekends and holidays. Increased physical activity may mediate weight gain through increases in energy expenditure (EE) and reductions in energy balance. Current methods for modulating mouse EE (e.g. - exercise, chemical uncouplers, etc.) have confounding effects. However, it is known that mouse EE linearly increases as housing temperature decreases below the thermoneutral zone.

MethodsTo determine how robust differences in baseline EE impact 7-day changes in weight and body composition on low-fat and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets, we performed indirect calorimetry measurements in male and female mice housed at divergent temperatures (20{degrees}C vs. 30{degrees}C).

ResultsAs expected, mice housed at 30{degrees}C have [~]40% lower total EE and energy intake compared to 20{degrees}C mice regardless of diet or sex. Energy balance was increased with HFHS in all groups, with [~]30% greater increases observed in 30{degrees}C versus 20{degrees}C mice. HFHS increased weight gain regardless of temperature or sex. Interestingly, no HFHS-induced weight gain differences were observed between females at different temperatures. In contrast, 30{degrees}C male mice on HFHS gained [~]50% more weight than 20{degrees}C males, and [~]80% more weight compared to 30{degrees}C females. HFHS increased fat mass across all groups but 2-fold higher gains occurred in 30{degrees}C mice compared to 20{degrees}C mice. Females gained [~]35% less fat mass than males at both temperatures.

ConclusionsTogether, these data reveal an interaction between divergent ambient temperature-induced EE and sex that impacted diet-induced patterns of short-term weight gain and body composition.

HighlightsO_LIUtilized ambient temperature differences as an experimental tool to study the impact of divergent baseline energy expenditure on metabolic adaptation to high-fat, high-sucrose diet.
C_LIO_LIBaseline energy expenditure and sex interact to impact diet-induced changes in body composition and weight gain.
C_LIO_LIThe energy expenditure and sex interaction is a result of an inverse relationship between fat mass gain and weight-adjusted total energy expenditure, as well as, diet-induced non-shivering thermogenesis.
C_LIO_LIThese data support that the hypothesis that higher energy expenditure amplifies the coupling of energy intake to energy expenditure during energy dense feeding, resulting in reduced positive energy balance and reduced gains in weight and adiposity.
C_LIO_LIFirst evidence that energy expenditure level plays a role in the composition of weight gained by female mice during acute HFHS feeding.
C_LIO_LIThis study further highlights issues with obesity/energy metabolism research performed in mice at sub-thermoneutral housing temperatures, particularly with sex comparisons.
C_LI

GRAPHIC ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=100 SRC="FIGDIR/small/840702v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (35K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@39eb69org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8e564forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c46714org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4b5898_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Legend: Male and female mice housed at 30{degrees}C had lower energy expenditure (EE) & energy intake (EI), while having greater energy balance (EB), during 7-day high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) feeding compared to male and female mice, respectively, housed at 20{degrees}C. However, female mice had lower EB compared to males at both housing temperature. Female mice housed at 30{degrees}C gained less weight than 30{degrees}C males but gained the same relative amount of fat mass during acute HFHS feeding. Interestingly, 20{degrees}C females gained the same amount of weight as 20{degrees}C males but gained primarily fat-free mass, while the males gained the same proportion of fat as 30{degrees}C males and females.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noland, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoin, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shook, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lighton, J. R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/840702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent Energy Expenditure Impacts Mouse Metabolic Adaptation to Acute High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet Producing Sexually Dimorphic Weight Gain Patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical Protein Kinase C iota (PKC{lambda}/{iota}) Ensures Mammalian Development by Establishing the Maternal-Fetal Exchange Interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In utero mammalian development relies on the establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface, which ensures transportation of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. This exchange interface is established via development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells (SynTs) during placentation. In mouse, SynTs develop via differentiation of the trophoblast progenitor cells (TSPCs) of the placenta primordium and in human, SynTs are developed via differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors. Despite the critical need in pregnancy progression, conserved signaling mechanisms that ensure SynT development are poorly understood. Herein, we show that Atypical Protein Kinase C iota (PKC{lambda}/I) plays an essential role in establishing the SynT differentiation program in trophoblast progenitors. Loss of PKC{lambda}/I in the mouse TSPCs abrogates SynT development leading to embryonic death at ~E9.0. We also show that PKC{lambda}/I-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. PKC{lambda}/I is selectively expressed in the first-trimester CTBs of a developing human placenta. Furthermore, loss of PKC{lambda}/I in CTB-derived human trophoblast stem cells (Human TSCs) impairs their SynT differentiation potential both in vitro and after transplantation in immunocompromised mice. Our mechanistic analyses indicate that PKC{lambda}/I signaling maintains expression of GCM1, GATA2, and PPAR{gamma}, which are key transcription factors to instigate SynT differentiation programs in both mouse and human trophoblast progenitors. Our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which PKC{lambda}/I signaling regulates establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange surface by promoting trophoblast progenitor to SynT transition during placentation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Home, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical Protein Kinase C iota (PKC{lambda}/{iota}) Ensures Mammalian Development by Establishing the Maternal-Fetal Exchange Interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Legionella pneumophila metaeffector Lpg2505 (SusF) regulates SidI-mediated translation inhibition and GDP-dependent glycosyltransferase activity. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaires Disease, employs an arsenal of hundreds of Dot/Icm-translocated effector proteins to facilitate replication within eukaryotic phagocytes. Several effectors, called metaeffectors, function regulate the activity of other Dot/Icm-translocated effectors during infection. The metaeffector Lpg2505 is essential for L. pneumophila intracellular replication only when its cognate effector, SidI, is present. SidI is a cytotoxic effector that interacts with the host translation factor eEF1A and potently inhibits eukaryotic protein translation by an unknown mechanism. Here, we evaluated the impact of Lpg2505 on SidI-mediated phenotypes and investigated the mechanism of SidI function. We determined that Lpg2505 binds with nanomolar affinity to SidI and suppresses SidI-mediated inhibition of protein translation. SidI binding to eEF1A and SusF is not mutually exclusive and these proteins bind distinct regions of SidI. We also discovered that SidI possesses GDP-dependent glycosyltransferase activity and that this activity is regulated by Lpg2505. We have therefore renamed Lpg2505, SusF (suppressor of SidI function). This work reveals novel enzymatic activity for SidI and provides insight into how intracellular replication of L. pneumophila is regulated by a metaeffector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joseph, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abram, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisbrecht, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shames, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/845313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Legionella pneumophila metaeffector Lpg2505 (SusF) regulates SidI-mediated translation inhibition and GDP-dependent glycosyltransferase activity.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological complementation remedies an inborn error of lipid metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/848119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare, genetic disease in which increased very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in the central nervous system (CNS) cause demyelination and axonal degeneration, leading to severe neurological deficits. Sobetirome, a potent thyroid hormone agonist, has been shown to lower VLCFA levels in the periphery and CNS. In this study, two pharmacological strategies for enhancing the effects of thyromimetics were tested in Abcd1 KO mice, a murine model that has the same inborn error in metabolism as X-ALD patients. First, a sobetirome prodrug (Sob-AM2) with increased CNS penetration lowered CNS VLCFAs more potently than sobetirome, and was better tolerated with lower peripheral exposure, but was unable to unable to break the efficacy threshold of CNS VLCFA lowering in Abcd1 KO mice. Second, co-administration of thyroid hormone with sobetirome enhanced VLCFA lowering in the periphery compared to sobetirome alone but did not produce greater lowering in the CNS. These data suggest that the extent of CNS VLCFA lowering in Abcd1 KO mice is limited by a mechanistic threshold related to slow turnover kinetics, potentially related to the lack of frank X-ALD disease in this model. However, Sob-AM2 has improved potency at correcting the lipid abnormality associated with X-ALD in the CNS with better tolerance than the parent drug sobetirome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hartley, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shokat, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeBell, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerji, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkemo, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scanlan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/848119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological complementation remedies an inborn error of lipid metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Viscoelastic properties of ECM-rich embryonic microenvironments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The material properties of tissues and their mechanical state is an important factor during development, disease, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Here we describe a microrheological measurement technique utilizing aggregates of microinjected ferromagnetic nickel particles to probe the viscoelastic properties of embryonic tissues. Quail embryos were cultured in a plastic incubator chamber located at the center of two pairs of crossed electromagnets. We estimate the Youngs modulus of the ECM-rich region separating the mesoderm and endoderm in Hamburger Hamilton stage 6-10 quail embryos as 300{+/-}100 Pa. We found a pronounced viscoelastic behavior consistent with a Zener (standard generalized solid) model. The viscoelastic response is about 45% of the total response, with a characteristic relaxation time of 1.3 sec.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akos, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isai, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajasingh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghazvini, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/853044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Viscoelastic properties of ECM-rich embryonic microenvironments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SPECC1L-deficient palate mesenchyme cells show speed and directionality defect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/854273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clefts of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) are common anomalies that occur in 1/800 live births. Pathogenic SPECC1L variants identified in patients with rare atypical clefts and syndromic CL/P suggest the gene plays a primary role in face and palate development. We have generated Specc1l gene-trap (Specc1lcGT) and truncation (Specc1l{Delta}C510) alleles that cause embryonic or perinatal lethality, respectively. Specc1lcGT/{Delta}C510 compound mutants show delayed and abnormal palatal shelf elevation at E14.5. By E15.5, the mutant shelves do elevate and fuse, however, the palatal rugae form abnormally. Palatogenesis requires extensive mesenchymal remodeling, especially during palatal shelf elevation. We posit that this remodeling involves collective movement of neural crest-derived palatal mesenchyme cells. Live time-lapse microscopy was performed to visualize in vitro wound-repair assays with wildtype and SPECC1L-deficient primary mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells. SPECC1L-deficient MEPM cells consistently showed delayed closure in wound-repair assays. To evaluate which features of cellular movement were responsible, we performed automated particle image velocimetry (PIV) and manual cell tracking. The analyses revealed that both cell speed and directionality are disrupted in SPECC1L-deficient cells compared to controls. To determine if primary MEPM cells can move collectively, we assayed stream formation, which is a hallmark of collective movement. Indeed, MEPM cultures displayed correlated movement of neighboring cells. Importantly, correlation length was reduced in SPECC1L-deficient cultures, consistent with a role for SPECC1L in collective migration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway with the 740Y-P small molecule can rescue the wound-closure delay in SPECC1L-deficient MEPM cells. Cell tracking analyses showed that this rescue was due to both increased speed and improved directionality. Altogether, our data showed a novel role for SPECC1L in guided movement through modulation of PI3K-AKT signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isai, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenger, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yousaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czirok, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/854273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SPECC1L-deficient palate mesenchyme cells show speed and directionality defect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Make Me a Match: Migration of Populations via Marriages in the Past 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/000257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of human mobility is both of fundamental importance and of great potential value. For example, it can be leveraged to facilitate efficient city planning and improve prevention strategies when faced with epidemics. The newfound wealth of rich sources of data--including banknote flows, mobile phone records, and transportation data--have led to an explosion of attempts to characterize modern human mobility. Unfortunately, the dearth of comparable historical data makes it much more difficult to study human mobility patterns from the past. In this paper, we present such an analysis: we demonstrate that the data record from Korean family books (called "jokbo") can be used to estimate migration patterns via marriages from the past 750 years. We apply two generative models of long-term human mobility to quantify the relevance of geographical information to human marriage records in the data, and we find that the wide variety in the geographical distributions of the clans poses interesting challenges for the direct application of these models. Using the different geographical distributions of clans, we quantify the "ergodicity" of clans in terms of how widely and uniformly they have spread across Korea, and we compare these results to those obtained using surname data from the Czech Republic. To examine population flow in more detail, we also construct and examine a population-flow network between regions. Based on the correlation between ergodicity and migration patterns in Korea, we identify two different types of migration patterns: diffusive and convective. We expect the analysis of diffusive versus convective effects in population flows to be widely applicable to the study of mobility and migration patterns across different cultures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sang Hoon Lee</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robyn Ffrancon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel M. Abrams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beom Jun Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mason A. Porter</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2013-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/000257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Matchmaker, Matchmaker, Make Me a Match: Migration of Populations via Marriages in the Past]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2013-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005371v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IVT-seq reveals extreme bias in RNA-sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/005371v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technique for identifying and quantifying transcription and splicing events, both known and novel. However, given its recent development and the proliferation of library construction methods, understanding the bias it introduces is incomplete but critical to realizing its value.nnResultsHere we present a method, in vitro transcription sequencing (IVT-seq), for identifying and assessing the technical biases in RNA-seq library generation and sequencing at scale. We created a pool of > 1000 in vitro transcribed (IVT) RNAs from a full-length human cDNA library and sequenced them with poly-A and total RNA-seq, the most common protocols. Because each cDNA is full length and we show IVT is incredibly processive, each base in each transcript should be equivalently represented. However, with common RNA-seq applications and platforms, we find [~]50% of transcripts have > 2-fold and [~]10% have > 10-fold differences in within-transcript sequence coverage. Strikingly, we also find > 6% of transcripts have regions of high, unpredictable sequencing coverage, where the same transcript varies dramatically in coverage between samples, confounding accurate determination of their expression. To get at causal factors, we used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to show that rRNA depletion is responsible for the most significant variability in coverage and that several sequence determinants also strongly influence representation.nnConclusionsIn sum, these results show the utility of IVT-seq in promoting better understanding of bias introduced by RNA-seq and suggest caution in its interpretation. Furthermore, we find that rRNA-depletion is responsible for substantial, unappreciated biases in coverage. Perhaps most importantly, these coverage biases introduced during library preparation suggest exon level expression analysis may be inadvisable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nicholas F Lahens</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim Halil Kavakli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katharina Hayer</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael B Black</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannah Dueck</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel Pizarro</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junhyong Kim</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rafael A Irizarry</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russell S Thomas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory R Grant</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John B Hogenesch</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/005371</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IVT-seq reveals extreme bias in RNA-sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/012260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthesis of phylogeny and taxonomy into a comprehensive tree of life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/012260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships that unite all lineages (the tree of life) is a grand challenge. The paucity of homologous character data across disparately related lineages currently renders direct phylogenetic inference untenable. To reconstruct a comprehensive tree of life we therefore synthesized published phylogenies, together with taxonomic classifications for taxa never incorporated into a phylogeny. We present a draft tree containing 2.3 million tips -- the Open Tree of Life. Realization of this tree required the assembly of two additional community resources: 1) a novel comprehensive global reference taxonomy; and 2) a database of published phylogenetic trees mapped to this taxonomy. Our open source framework facilitates community comment and contribution, enabling the tree to be continuously updated when new phylogenetic and taxonomic data become digitally available. While data coverage and phylogenetic conflict across the Open Tree of Life illuminate gaps in both the underlying data available for phylogenetic reconstruction and the publication of trees as digital objects, the tree provides a compelling starting point for community contribution. This comprehensive tree will fuel fundamental research on the nature of biological diversity, ultimately providing up-to-date phylogenies for downstream applications in comparative biology, ecology, conservation biology, climate change, agriculture, and genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cody Hinchliff</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen A Smith</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James F Allman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>J Gordon Burleigh</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruchi Chaudhary</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyndon M Cognill</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keith A Crandall</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiabin Deng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryan T Drew</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romina Gazis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karl Gude</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David S Hibbett</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laura A Katz</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>H Dail Laughinghouse IV</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emily Jane McTavish</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peter E. Midford</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christopher L Owen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richard Ree</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonathan A Rees</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doug E Soltis</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiffani Williams</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karen Ann Cranston</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2014-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/012260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthesis of phylogeny and taxonomy into a comprehensive tree of life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2014-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating information flow through a memory system: the utility of meta-analytic methods for genetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/020586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Critics of significance testing claim that this statistical framework promotes discrepancies by using arbitrary thresholds () to impose reject/accept dichotomies on continuous data, which is not reflective of the biological reality of quantitative phenotypes. Here we explore this idea and evaluate an alternative approach, demonstrating the potential for meta-analysis and related estimation methods to resolve discordance generated by the use of traditional significance tests. We selected a set of behavioral studies proposing differing models of the physiological basis of Drosophila olfactory memory and used systematic review and meta-analysis approaches to define the true role of lobular specialization within the brain. The mainstream view is that each of the three lobes of the Drosophila mushroom body play specialized roles in short-term aversive olfactory memory [1-5], but a number of studies have made divergent conclusions based on their discordant experimental findings [6-8]. Multivariate meta-regression models revealed that short-term memory lobular specialization is not in fact supported by the data, and identified the cellular extent of a transgenic driver as the major predictor of its effect on short-term memory. Our findings demonstrate that meta-analysis, meta-regression, hierarchical models and estimation methods in general can be successfully harnessed to identify knowledge gaps, synthesize divergent results, accommodate heterogeneous experimental design and quantify genetic mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tugce Yildizoglu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan-Marek Weislogel</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhan Mohammad</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwin S.-Y. Chan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryseley N. Assam</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam Claridge-Chang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/020586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating information flow through a memory system: the utility of meta-analytic methods for genetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced Glucose Sensation Can Increase the Fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lacking Mitochondrial DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Damage to the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) can lead to diseases for which there are no clearly effective treatments. Since mitochondrial function and biogenesis are controlled by the nutrient environment of the cell, it is possible that perturbation of conserved, nutrient-sensing pathways may successfully treat mitochondrial disease. We found that restricting glucose or otherwise reducing the activity of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway can lead to improved proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking mtDNA and that the transcriptional response to mtDNA loss is reduced in cells with diminished PKA activity. We have excluded many pathways and proteins from being individually responsible for the benefits provided to cells lacking mtDNA by PKA inhibition, and we found that robust import of mitochondrial polytopic membrane proteins may be required in order for cells without mtDNA to receive the full benefits of PKA reduction. Finally, we have discovered that the transcription of genes involved in arginine biosynthesis and aromatic amino acid catabolism is altered after mtDNA damage. Our results highlight the potential importance of nutrient detection and availability on the outcome of mitochondrial dysfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emel Akdoğan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehmet Tardu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Görkem Garipler</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gülkız Baytek</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>İbrahim Halil Kavaklı</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cory D. Dunn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/024331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced Glucose Sensation Can Increase the Fitness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lacking Mitochondrial DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive lengthening of 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in cellular senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/031302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCellular senescence has historically been viewed as an irreversible cell cycle arrest that acts to prevent cancer. Recent discoveries demonstrated that cellular senescence also played a vital role in normal embryonic development, tissue renewal and senescence-related diseases. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is an important layer of post-transcriptional regulation, which has been found playing an essential role in development, activation of immune cells and cancer progression. However, the role of APA in the process of cellular senescence remains unclear.nnMaterials and MethodsWe applied high-throughput paired-end polyadenylation sequencing (PA-seq) and strand-specific RNA-seq sequencing technologies, combined systematic bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation to investigate APA regulation in different passages of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells of rats (VSMCs) with different ages.nnResultsBased on PA-seq, we found that genes in senescent cells tended to use distal pA sites and an independent bioinformatics analysis for RNA-seq drew the same conclusion. In consistent with these global results, both the number of genes significantly preferred to use distal pAs in senescent MEFs and VSMCs were significantly higher than genes tended to use proximal pAs. Interestingly, the expression levels of genes preferred to use distal pAs in senescent MFEs and VSMCs tended to decrease, while genes with single pAs did not show such trend. More importantly, genes preferred to use distal pAs in senescent MFEs and VSMCs were both enriched in common senescence-related pathways, including ubiqutin mediated proteolysis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, cell cycle and wnt signaling pathway. By cis-elements analyses, we found that the longer 3' UTRs of the genes tended to use distal pAs progressively can introduce more conserved binding sites of senescence-related miRNAs and RBPs. Furthermore, 375 genes with progressive 3' UTR lengthening during MEF senescence tended to use more strong and conserved polyadenylation signal (PAS) around distal pA sites and this was accompanied the observation that expression level of core factors involved in cleavage and polyadenylation complex was decreased.nnConclusionsOur finding that genes preferred distal pAs in senescent mouse and rat cells provide new insights for aging cells posttranscriptional gene regulation in the view of alternative polyadenylation given senescence response was thought to be a tumor suppression mechanism and more genes tended to use proximal pAs in cancer cells. In short, APA was a hidden layer of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation involved in cellular senescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao Han</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo liang Lv</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong bo Nie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi chi Niu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue ping Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen Ding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gang Wei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun Gu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao Li Tian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu fang Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin hua Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin feng Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Tao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting Ni</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/031302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive lengthening of 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in cellular senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/033480v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global lengthening of 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in cellular senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/033480v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular senescence has been viewed as an irreversible cell cycle arrest that acts to prevent cancer. Recent studies discovered widespread shortening of 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) in cancer cells. However, the role of APA in the process of cellular senescence remains elusive. We thus applied our published PA-seq method to investigate APA regulation in different passages of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rats of different ages. We found that genes in senescent cells tended to use distal poly(A) sites (pAs). An independent RNA-seq analysis gave rise to the same conclusion. Interestingly, the level of expression of genes preferred to use distal pAs in senescent MFEs and VSMCs tended to decrease. More importantly, genes that preferred to use distal pAs in senescent MFEs and VSMCs were enriched in common senescence-related pathways such as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and cell cycle. Further, the longer 3' UTRs of the genes that tended to use distal pAs introduced more conserved binding sites of senescence-related microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Noteworthy, the expression level of core factors involved in cleavage and the polyadenylation tended to decrease, while those factors showed opposite trend in cancer cells. In summary, we showed, for the first time, that APA is a hidden layer of post-transcriptional gene expression regulation involved in cellular senescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao Han</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guoliang Lv</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hongbo Nie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting Shen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yichi Niu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xueping Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen Ding</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gang Wei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun Gu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao-Li Tian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yufang Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xinhua Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jinfeng Hu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao Wei</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting Ni</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2015-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/033480</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global lengthening of 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs by alternative cleavage and polyadenylation in cellular senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2015-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AnnoLnc: a web server for systematically annotating novel human lncRNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/042655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the repertoire of human lncRNAs has rapidly expanded, their biological function and regulation remain largely elusive. Here, we present AnnoLnc (http://annolnc.cbi.pku.edu.cn), an online portal for systematically annotating newly identified human lncRNAs. AnnoLnc offers a full spectrum of annotations covering genomic location, RNA secondary structure, expression, transcriptional regulation, miRNA interaction, protein interaction, genetic association and evolution, as well as an abstraction-based text summary and various intuitive figures to help biologists quickly grasp the essentials. In addition to an intuitive and mobile-friendly Web interactive design, AnnoLnc supports batch analysis and provides JSON-based Web Service APIs for programmatic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, AnnoLnc is the first web server to provide on-the-fly and systematic annotation for newly identified human lncRNAs. Some case studies have shown the power of AnnoLnc to inspire novel hypotheses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mei Hou</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing Tang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng Tian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fangyuan Shi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenglin Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge Gao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/042655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AnnoLnc: a web server for systematically annotating novel human lncRNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor characteristics important for mitochondrial targeting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/045351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins localized to mitochondria by a carboxyl-terminal tail anchor (TA) play roles in apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial protein import. To reveal characteristics of TAs that may be important for mitochondrial targeting, we focused our attention upon the TA of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fis1 protein. Specifically, we generated a library of Fis1p TA variants fused to the Gal4 transcription factor, then, using next-generation sequencing, revealed which Fis1p TA mutations inhibited membrane insertion and allowed Gal4p activity in the nucleus. Prompted by our global analysis, we subsequently analyzed the ability of individual Fis1p TA mutants to localize to mitochondria. Our findings suggest that the membrane-associated domain of Fis1p TA may be bipartite in nature, and we encountered evidence that the positively charged patch at the carboxyl-terminus of Fis1p is required for both membrane insertion and organelle specificity. Furthermore, lengthening or shortening the Fis1 TA by up to three amino acids did not inhibit mitochondrial targeting, arguing against a model in which TA length directs insertion of TAs at specific organelles. Most importantly, positively charged residues were more acceptable at several positions within the membrane-associated domain of the Fis1p TA than negatively charged residues. These findings, emerging from the first high-resolution analysis of an organelle targeting sequence by deep mutational scanning, provide strong, in vivo evidence that lysine and arginine can "snorkel," or become stably incorporated within a lipid bilayer by placing terminal charges of their side chains at the membrane interface.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdurrahman Keskin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emel Akdogan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cory D. Dunn</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/045351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep mutational scanning reveals tail anchor characteristics important for mitochondrial targeting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Timing appearance and integration of actin-organizing palladin protein in dynamic myofibril assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/047183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The involvement of actin-associated protein palladin in myogenesis has been elucidated, however, palladin distribution in a functional myotube remains to be identified. Since actin is required for myofibrillogenesis, it is of great interest to enhance our understanding of the spatial arrangements of palladin during sarcomeric assembly. Surprisingly, palladin was found to be discretely organized in different stages of myofibrillogenesis. Palladin revealed stress-fiber-like structures at undifferentiated stages, subsequently displayed chaotic expression and strongly co-distributed with actin, -actinin, and myosin heavy chain of premyofibrils. At late stages, aggregates of palladin were spaced in a regular dot-like structure. On the other hand, palladin presents at I-Z-I bands of adult muscle. These observations suggest that palladin engages with sarcomeric proteins during the process of myoblast differentiation and that these interactions might occur in a temporally regulated fashion. In addition, transient overexpression of 140-kDa-palladin resulted in nonfilamentous actin arresting mature myotube formation. 200-kDa-palladin overexpression led to the early formation of Z-lines. Collectively, these findings suggest that palladin might serve a role in myofibrillogenesis by guiding and positioning sarcomeric proteins at the appropriate time and place. Our results highlight the involvement of palladin protein and the discrete functions of palladin isoforms in sarcomeric development in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ngoc-Uyen-Nhi Nguyen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tz-Yu Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao-Ven Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/047183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Timing appearance and integration of actin-organizing palladin protein in dynamic myofibril assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glu-370 in the Large Subunit Influences the Substrate Binding, Allosteric, and Heat Stability Properties of Potato ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/054106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key allosteric enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis. Plant AGPase is a heterotetrameric enzyme that consists of large (LS) and small subunits (SS), which are encoded by two different genes. In this study, we showed that the conversion of Glu to Gly at position 370 in the LS of AGPase alters the heterotetrameric stability along with the binding properties of substrate and effectors of the enzyme. Kinetic analyses revealed that the affinity of the LSE370GSSWT AGPase for glucose-1-phosphate is 3-fold less than for wild type (WT) AGPase. Additionally, the LSE370GSSWT AGPase requires 3-fold more 3-phosphogyceric acid to be activated. Finally, the LSE370GSSWT AGPase is less heat stable compared with the WT AGPase. Computational analysis of the mutant Gly-370 in the 3D modeled LS AGPase showed that this residue changes charge distribution of the surface and thus affect stability of the LS AGPase and overall heat stability of the heterotetrameric AGPase. In summary, our results show that LSE370 intricately modulate the heat stability and enzymatic activity of the AGPase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayse B Seferoglu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seref Gul</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ugur M Dikbas</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaan Koper</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim Baris</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmut Caliskan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul Cevahir</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim Kavakli</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/054106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glu-370 in the Large Subunit Influences the Substrate Binding, Allosteric, and Heat Stability Properties of Potato ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of kinase gene expression and splicing profile in prostate cancer with RNA-Seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/061085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background: Alternative splicing is a ubiquitous post-transcriptional process in most eukaryotic genes. Aberrant splicing isoforms and abnormal isoform ratios can contribute to cancer development. Kinase genes are key regulators of various cellular processes. Many kinases are found to be oncogenic and have been intensively investigated in the study of cancer and drugs. RNA-Seq provides a powerful technology for genome-wide study of alternative splicing in cancer besides the conventional gene expression profiling. But this potential has not been fully demonstrated yet. Methods: Here we characterized the transcriptome profile of prostate cancer using RNA-Seq data from viewpoints of both differential expression and differential splicing, with an emphasis on kinase genes and their splicing variations. We built up a pipeline to conduct differential expression and differential splicing analysis. Further functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore functional interpretation of the genes. With focus on kinase genes, we performed kinase domain analysis to identify the functionally important candidate kinase gene in prostate cancer. We further calculated the expression level of isoforms to explore the function of isoform switching of kinase genes in prostate cancer. Results: We identified distinct gene groups from differential expression and splicing analysis, which suggested that alternative splicing adds another level to gene expression regulation. Enriched GO terms of differentially expressed and spliced kinase genes were found to play different roles in regulation of cellular metabolism. Function analysis on differentially spliced kinase genes showed that differentially spliced exons of these genes are significantly enriched in protein kinase domains. Among them, we found that gene CDK5 has isoform switching between prostate cancer and benign tissues, which may affect cancer development by changing androgen receptor (AR) phosphorylation. The observation was validated in another RNA-Seq dataset of prostate cancer cell lines. Conclusions: Our work characterized the expression and splicing profile of kinase genes in prostate cancer and proposed a hypothetical model on isoform switching of CDK5 and AR phosphorylation in prostate cancer. These findings bring new understanding to the role of alternatively spliced kinases in prostate cancer and demonstrate the use of RNA-Seq data in studying alternative splicing in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huijuan Feng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tingting Li</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuegong Zhang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/061085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of kinase gene expression and splicing profile in prostate cancer with RNA-Seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/067496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic K-Ras dynamics: A novel molecular dynamics data analysis method shows causality between residue pairs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/067496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While mutant K-Ras is an important therapeutic target for human cancers, there are still no drugs that directly target it. Recent promising studies emphasize the significance of dynamics data to selectively target its active/inactive states. However, despite tremendous information on K-Ras, the direction of information flow in the allosteric regulation of its dynamics has not yet been elucidated. Here, we present a novel approach that identifies causality in correlated motions of proteins and apply it to K-Ras dynamics. Specifically, we analyze molecular dynamics simulations data and comprehensively investigate nucleotide-dependent intrinsic K-Ras activity. We show that GTP binding leads to characteristic residue correlations with relatively long decay times by stabilizing K-Ras motions. Furthermore, we identify for the first time driver-follower relationships of correlated motions in the regulation of K-Ras activity. Our results can be utilized for directly targeting mutant K-Ras in future studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sezen Vatansever</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeynep Gumus</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burak Erman</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/067496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic K-Ras dynamics: A novel molecular dynamics data analysis method shows causality between residue pairs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA Methylation Landscape Reflects the Spatial Organization of Chromatin in Different Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/080531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relation between DNA methylation and chromatin structure is still largely unknown. By analyzing a large set of sequencing data, we observed a long-range power law correlation of DNA methylation with cell-class-specific scaling exponents in the range of thousands to millions of base pairs. We showed such cell-class-specific scaling exponents are caused by different patchiness of DNA methylation in different cells. By modeling the chromatin structure using Hi-C data and mapping the methylation level onto the modeled structure, we demonstrated the patchiness of DNA methylation is related to chromatin structure. The scaling exponents of the power law correlation is thus a display of the spatial organization of chromatin. Besides, the local correlation of DNA methylation is associated with nucleosome positioning and different between partially-methylated-domain and non-partially-methylated-domain, suggesting their different chromatin structures at several nucleosomes level. Our study provides a novel view of the spatial organization of chromatin structure from a perspective of DNA methylation, in which both long-range and local correlations of DNA methylation along the genome reflect the spatial organization of chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/080531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA Methylation Landscape Reflects the Spatial Organization of Chromatin in Different Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation energy and nonlinear kinetics as key determinants for G2/M transition in fission yeast cell cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The living cell is an open nonequilibrium biochemical system, where ATP hydrolysis serves as the energy source for a wide range of intracellular processes including the assurance for decision-making. In the fission yeast cell cycle, the transition from G2 phase to M phase is triggered by the activation of Cdc13/Cdc2 and Cdc25, and the deactivation of Wee1. Each of these three events involves a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation (PdP) cycle, and together they form a regulatory circuit with feedback loops. Almost all quantitative models for cellular networks in the past have invalid thermodynamics due to the assumption of irreversible enzyme kinetics. We constructed a thermodynamically realistic kinetic model of the G2/M circuit, and show that the phosphorylation energy ({Delta}G), which is determined by the cellular ATP/ADP ratio, critically controls the dynamics and the bistable nature of Cdc2 activation. Using fission yeast nucleoplasmic extract (YNPE), we are able to experimentally verify our model prediction that increased {Delta}G, being synergistic to the accumulation of Cdc13, drives the activation of Cdc2. Furthermore, Cdc2 activation exhibits bistability and hysteresis in response to changes in phosphorylation energy. These findings suggest that adequate maintenance of phosphorylation energy ensures the bistability and robustness of the activation of Cdc2 in the G2/M transition. Free energy might play a widespread role in biological decision-making processes, connecting thermodynamics with information processing in biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/084400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation energy and nonlinear kinetics as key determinants for G2/M transition in fission yeast cell cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Entropy Transfer between Residue Pairs Shows that Allostery is an Intrinsic Propertyof Proteins: Quantifying Allosteric Communication in Ubiquitin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractIt has recently been proposed by Gunasakaran et al. that allostery may be an intrinsic property of all proteins. Here, we apply Schreibers transfer entropy formulation to the non-allosteric protein Ubiquitin and show that there are indeed systematic pathways of entropy and information transfer between residues that correlate well with the activities of the protein. We use 600 nanosecond molecular dynamics trajectories for Ubiquitin and its complex with human polymerase iota and evaluate entropy transfer between all pairs of residues of Ubiquitin and quantify the binding susceptibility changes upon complex formation. Calculations show that specific residues act as entropy reservoirs in Ubiquitin and others as entropy sinks. Using the plausible conjecture that extracting entropy from a residue makes it more susceptible for interaction with a partner, we explain the ternary complex formation of Ubiquitin in terms of entropy transfer. Finally, we show that time delayed correlation of fluctuations of two interacting residues possesses an intrinsic causality that tells which residue controls the interaction and which one is controlled. Our work shows that time delayed correlations, entropy transfer and causality are the required new concepts for explaining allosteric communication in proteins.nnAuthor SummaryAllosteric communication is essential for the function of proteins. Recent work shows that allostery results from dynamic processes in the protein associated with atomic fluctuations leading to entropic interactions that involve ensemble of pathways rather than discrete two state transitions. Based on this new picture of allostery, it was proposed that allostery may indeed be an intrinsic property of all proteins. In order to test this hypothesis, we derive the computational tools for quantifying allosteric communication, and explain allostery in terms of entropy transfer, a new concept based on information theory. We use long molecular dynamics simulations of proteins from which we calculate the transfer of entropy between pairs of residues. Results of simulations show that certain residues act as entropy sources while others as entropy sinks. Evaluation of time delayed correlations shows the presence of causality of interactions that allow us to differentiate between residues that are drivers in allosteric activity and those that are driven. Identification of driver-driven relations is important for drug design. Using the example of Ubiquitin, a protein that is not known to be allosteric, we identify paths of information transfer that control its binding to diverse partners in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. We conclude that allosteric communication resulting from entropy transfer between residues is an intrinsic property of all proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/084756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Entropy Transfer between Residue Pairs Shows that Allostery is an Intrinsic Propertyof Proteins: Quantifying Allosteric Communication in Ubiquitin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causality, Transfer Entropy and Allosteric Communication Landscapes inProteins with Harmonic Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/084764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fast and approximate method of generating allosteric communication landscapes is presented by using Schreiber's entropy transfer concept in combination with the Gaussian Network Model of proteins. Predictions of the model and the allosteric communication landscapes generated show that information transfer in proteins does not necessarily take place along a single path, but through an ensemble of pathways. The model emphasizes that knowledge of entropy only is not sufficient for determining allosteric communication and additional information based on time delayed correlations has to be introduced, which leads to the presence of causality in proteins. The model provides a simple tool for mapping entropy sink-source relations into pairs of residues. Residues that should be manipulated to control protein activity may be determined with this approach. This should be of great importance for allosteric drug design and for understanding the effects of mutations on protein function. The model is applied to determine allosteric communication in two proteins, Ubiquitin and Pyruvate Kinase. Predictions are in agreement with detailed molecular dynamics simulations and experimental evidence.nnSignificanceProteins perform their function by an exchange of information within themselves and with their environments through correlated fluctuations of their atoms. Fluctuations of one atom may drive the fluctuations of another. Information transmitted in this way leads to allosteric communication which is described as the process in which action at one site of the protein is transmitted to another site at which the protein performs its activity. Disruption of allosteric communication by mutation for example leads to disease. The present paper incorporates information theoretic concepts into the well known Gaussian Network Model of proteins and allows for rapid characterization of allosteric communication landscapes for normal functioning as well as malfunctioning proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/084764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causality, Transfer Entropy and Allosteric Communication Landscapes inProteins with Harmonic Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Folding Principle of Chromosome Emerges from Mapping of Genome Features onto its 3D Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/085167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How chromosomes fold into 3D structures and how genome functions are affected or even controlled by their spatial organization remain challenging questions. Hi-C experiment has provided important structural insights for chromosome, and Hi-C data are used here to construct the 3D chromatin structure which are characterized by two spatially segregated chromatin compartments A and B. By mapping a plethora of genome features onto the constructed 3D chromatin model, we show vividly the close connection between genome properties and the spatial organization of chromatin. We are able to dissect the whole chromatin into two types of chromatin domains which have clearly different Hi-C contact patterns as well as different sizes of chromatin loops. The two chromatin types can be respectively regarded as the basic units of chromatin compartments A and B, and also spatially segregate from each other as the two chromatin compartments. Therefore, the chromatin loops segregate in the space according to their sizes, suggesting the excluded volume or entropic effect in chromatin compartmentalization as well as chromosome positioning. Taken together, these results provide clues to the folding principles of chromosomes, their spatial organization, and the resulted clustering of many genome features in the 3D space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/085167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Folding Principle of Chromosome Emerges from Mapping of Genome Features onto its 3D Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2016-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic rearrangements near genes leading to upregulation across a diverse subset of human cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/099861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Using a dataset of somatic Structural Variants (SVs) in cancers from 2658 patients--1220 with corresponding gene expression data--we identified hundreds of genes for which the nearby presence (within 100kb) of an SV breakpoint was associated with altered expression. For the vast majority of these genes, expression was increased rather than decreased with corresponding SV event. Well-known up-regulated cancer-associated genes impacted by this phenomenon included TERT, MDM2, CDK4, ERBB2, CD274, PDCD1LG2, and IGF2. SVs upstream of TERT involved ~3% of cancer cases and were most frequent in liver-biliary, melanoma, sarcoma, stomach, and kidney cancers. SVs associated with up-regulation of PD1 and PDL1 genes involved ~1% of non-amplified cases. For many genes, SVs were significantly associated with either increased numbers or greater proximity of enhancer regulatory elements near the gene. DNA methylation near the gene promoter was often increased with nearby SV breakpoint, which may involve inactivation of repressor elements.nnAbbreviations
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Creighton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/099861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic rearrangements near genes leading to upregulation across a diverse subset of human cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial tail anchors can target to the mitochondrial outer membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/111716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the generation and evolution of the eukaryotic cell, a proteobacterial endosymbiont was refashioned into the mitochondrion, an organelle that appears to have been present in the ancestor of all present-day eukaryotes. Mitochondria harbor proteomes derived from coding information located both inside and outside the organelle, and the rate-limiting step toward the formation of eukaryotic cells may have been development of an import apparatus allowing protein entry to mitochondria. Currently, a widely conserved translocon allows proteins to pass from the cytosol into mitochondria, but how proteins encoded outside of mitochondria were first directed to these organelles at the dawn of eukaryogenesis is not clear. Because several proteins targeted by a carboxyl-terminal tail anchor (TA) appear to have the ability to insert spontaneously into the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM), it is possible that self-inserting, tail-anchored polypeptides obtained from bacteria might have formed the first gate allowing proteins to access mitochondria from the cytosol. Here, we tested whether bacterial TAs are capable of targeting to mitochondria. In a survey of proteins encoded by the proteobacterium Escherichia coli, predicted TA sequences were directed to specific subcellular locations within the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Importantly, TAs obtained from DUF883 family members ElaB and YqjD were abundantly localized to and inserted at the mitochondrial OM. Our results support the notion that eukaryotic cells are able to utilize membrane-targeting signals present in bacterial proteins obtained by lateral gene transfer, and our findings make plausible a model in which mitochondrial protein translocation was first driven by tail-anchored proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bal, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seferoglu, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/111716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial tail anchors can target to the mitochondrial outer membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal Growth Of Microbes On Mixed Carbon Sources 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/120667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A classic problem in microbiology is that bacteria display two types of growth behavior when cultured on a mixture of two carbon sources: in certain mixtures the bacteria consume the two carbon sources sequentially (diauxie) and in other mixtures the bacteria consume both sources simultaneously (co-utilization). The search for the molecular mechanism of diauxie led to the discovery of the lac operon and gene regulation in general. However, why microbes would bother to have different strategies of taking up nutrients remained a mystery. Here we show that diauxie versus co-utilization can be understood from the topological features of the metabolic network. A model of optimal allocation of protein resources to achieve maximum growth quantitatively explains why and how the cell makes the choice when facing multiple carbon sources. Our work solves a long-standing puzzle and sheds light on microbes optimal growth in different nutrient conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/120667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal Growth Of Microbes On Mixed Carbon Sources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Shortened Version Of SecA (SecAN) Functions As The Protein-Conducting Channel For Nascent β-Barrel Outer Membrane Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many proteins are translocated across biomembranes via protein translocons in targeting to their subcellular destinations. Hitherto, the SecYEG/Sec61 translocon, existing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, represents the most intensively studied one. According to the current perception, both periplasmic and {beta}-barrel outer membrane proteins ({beta}-barrel OMPs) are translocated via the SecYEG translocon in bacterial cells, although direct living cell evidences remain lacking. Here, mainly via in vivo protein photo-crosslinking analysis, we revealed that the never reported membrane-integrated SecAN protein apparently functions as the translocon for {beta}-barrel OMPs. Additionally, SecAN contains a GXXXG motif known for mediating protein interactions in biomembranes, and processing of {beta}-barrel OMP precursors was severely affected in cells producing an assembly-defective SecAN variant resulted from the GXXXG motif mutations. Furthermore, SecAN was demonstrated to directly interact with the Bam complex, thus likely be a part of the supercomplex that we revealed earlier to be responsible for {beta}-barrel OMP biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Shortened Version Of SecA (SecAN) Functions As The Protein-Conducting Channel For Nascent β-Barrel Outer Membrane Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiplexed sgRNA Expression Allows Versatile Single Non-repetitive DNA Labeling and Endogenous Gene Regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/121905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has made significant contribution to genome editing, gene regulation and chromatin studies in recent years. High-throughput and systematic investigations into the multiplexed biological systems and disease conditions require simultaneous expression and coordinated functioning of multiple sgRNAs. However, current co-transfection based sgRNA co-expression systems remain poorly efficient and virus-based transfection approaches are relatively costly and labor intensive. Here we established a vector-independent method allowing multiple sgRNA expression cassettes to be assembled in series into a single plasmid. This synthetic biology-based strategy excels in its efficiency, controllability and scalability. Taking the flexibility advantage of this all-in-one sgRNA expressing system, we further explored its applications in single non-repetitive genomic locus imaging as well as coordinated gene regulation in live cells. With its strong potency, our method will greatly facilitate the understandings in genome structure, function and dynamics, and will contribute to the systemic investigations into complex physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/121905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiplexed sgRNA Expression Allows Versatile Single Non-repetitive DNA Labeling and Endogenous Gene Regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How Does Mixed Reality Affect Quiet Stance? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/129239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mixed reality (MR) has promise for learning, design, and entertainment, and for use during everyday life. However, when interacting with objects in mixed reality, will moving objects make us fall or perturb our postural stability? To address this question, we recruited participants, instructed them to stand quietly, and measured how much virtual objects presented in mixed reality (Microsoft HoloLens) affected their stance. We analyzed the effects of solid object and text, in both a static and a dynamic setting. Mixed reality events induced some movements, but the effect, while significant, was exceptionally small (< 1mm & < 0.5{degrees} perturbations in terms of mean distance and angle rotations). We conclude that induced movement in "real reality" should not be too much of a concern when designing mixed reality applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kording, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/129239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How Does Mixed Reality Affect Quiet Stance?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Silencing Of Transposable Elements May Not Be A Major Driver Of Regulatory Evolution In Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/142455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable elements (TEs) comprise a substantial proportion of primate genomes. The regulatory potential of TEs can result in deleterious effects, especially during development. It has been suggested that, in pluripotent stem cells, TEs are targeted for silencing by KRAB-ZNF proteins, which recruit the TRIM28-SETDB1 complex, to deposit the repressive histone modification H3K9me3. TEs, in turn, can acquire mutations that allow them to evade detection by the host, and hence KRAB-ZNF proteins need to rapidly evolve to counteract them. To investigate the short-term evolution of TE silencing, we profiled the genome-wide distribution of H3K9me3 in induced pluripotent stem cells from ten human and seven chimpanzee individuals. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K9me3, as well as total RNA sequencing. We focused specifically on cross-species H3K9me3 ChIP-seq data that mapped to four million orthologous TEs. We found that, depending on the TE class, 10-60% of elements are marked by H3K9me3, with SVA, LTR and LINE elements marked most frequently. We found little evidence of inter-species differences in TE silencing, with as many as 80% of orthologous, putatively silenced, TEs marked at similar levels in humans and chimpanzees. Our data suggest limited species-specificity of TE silencing across six million years of primate evolution. Interestingly, the minority of TEs enriched for H3K9me3 in one species are not more likely to be associated with gene expression divergence of nearby orthologous genes. We conclude that orthologous TEs may not play a major role in driving gene regulatory divergence between humans and chimpanzees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ward, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karimi, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephens, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilad, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/142455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Silencing Of Transposable Elements May Not Be A Major Driver Of Regulatory Evolution In Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/148635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluctuations of fMRI activation patterns reveal theta-band dynamics of visual object priming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/148635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain dynamically creates predictions about upcoming stimuli to guide perception efficiently. Recent behavioral results suggest theta-band oscillations contribute to this prediction process, however litter is known about the underlying neural mechanism. Here, we combine fMRI and a time-resolved psychophysical paradigm to access fine temporal-scale profiles of the fluctuations of brain activation patterns corresponding to visual object priming. Specifically, multi-voxel activity patterns in the fusiform face area (FFA) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) show temporal fluctuations at a theta-band (~5 Hz) rhythm. Importantly, the theta-band power in the FFA negatively correlates with reaction time, further indicating the critical role of the observed cortical theta oscillations. Moreover, alpha-band (~10 Hz) shows a dissociated spatial distribution, mainly linked to the occipital cortex. These findings, to our knowledge, are the first fMRI study that indicates temporal fluctuations of multi-voxel activity patterns and that demonstrates theta and alpha rhythms in relevant brain areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goold, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/148635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluctuations of fMRI activation patterns reveal theta-band dynamics of visual object priming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Faster carbon accumulation in global forest soils 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/149393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Comparing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks across space and time is a fundamental issue in global ecology. However, the conventional approach fails to determine SOC stock in an equivalent volume of mineral-soil, and therefore, SOC stock changes can be under- or overestimates if soils swell or shrink during forest development or degradation. Here, we propose to estimate SOC stock as the product of mineral-soil mass in an equivalent mineral-soil volume and SOC concentration expressed as g C Kg-1 mineral-soil. This method enables researchers to compare SOC stocks across space and time. Our results show an unaccounted SOC accumulation of 2.4 - 10.1 g C m-2 year-1 in the 1m surface mineral-soils in global forests. This unaccounted SOC amounts to an additional C sink of 0.12 - 0.25 Pg C year-1, which equals 30 - 62% of the previously estimated annual SOC accumulation in global forests. This finding suggests that forest soils are stronger C sinks than previously recognized.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/149393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Faster carbon accumulation in global forest soils]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151621v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Application of High-Dimensional Statistics and Network based Visualization techniques on Arab Diabetes and Obesity data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/151621v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundObesity and its co-morbidities are characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, uncontrolled expression of metabolic measurements and dis-regulation of various forms of stress response. However, the contribution and correlation of inflammation, metabolism and stress responses to the disease are not fully elucidated. In this paper a cross-sectional case study was conducted on clinical data comprising 117 human male and female subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Characteristics such as anthropometric, clinical and bio-chemical measurements were collected.nnMethodsAssociation of these variables with T2D and BMI were assessed using penalized hierarchical linear and logistic regression. In particular, elastic net, hdi and glinternet were used as regularization models to distinguish between cases and controls. Differential network analysis using closed-form approach was performed to identify pairwise-interaction of variables that influence prediction of the phenotype.nnResultsFor the 117 participants, physical variables such as PBF, HDL and TBW had absolute coefficients 0.75, 0.65 and 0.34 using the glinternet approach, biochemical variables such as MIP, ROS and RANTES were identified as determinants of obesity with some interaction between inflammatory markers such as IL4, IL-6, MIP, CSF, Eotaxin and ROS. Diabetes was associated with a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) which are considered as an index of endogenous lipid peroxidation and an increase in two inflammatory markers, MIP-1 and RANTES. Furthermore, we obtained 13 pairwise effects. The pairwise effects include pairs from and within physical, clinical and biochemical features, in particular metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers.nnConclusionsWe showcase that markers of oxidative stress (derived from lipid peroxidation) such as MIP-1 and RANTES participate in the pathogenesis of diseases such as diabetes and obesity in the Arab population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ullah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunji, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khadir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiss, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abubaker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensmail, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/151621</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Application of High-Dimensional Statistics and Network based Visualization techniques on Arab Diabetes and Obesity data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic footprints of activated telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/157560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancers require telomere maintenance mechanisms for unlimited replicative potential. We dissected whole-genome sequencing data of over 2,500 matched tumor-control samples from 36 different tumor types to characterize the genomic footprints of these mechanisms. While the telomere content of tumors with ATRX or DAXX mutations (ATRX/DAXXtrunc) was increased, tumors with TERT modifications showed a moderate decrease of telomere content. One quarter of all tumor samples contained somatic integrations of telomeric sequences into non-telomeric DNA. With 80% prevalence, ATRX/DAXXtrunc tumors display a 3-fold enrichment of telomere insertions. A systematic analysis of telomere composition identified aberrant telomere variant repeat (TVR) distribution as a genomic marker of ATRX/DAXXtrunc tumors. In this clinically relevant subgroup, singleton TTCGGG and TTTGGG TVRs (previously undescribed) were significantly enriched or depleted, respectively. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the recurrent genomic alterations that are associated with the establishment of different telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sieverling, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koser, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsbach, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinheinz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Ciriano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabbe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eils, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlesner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rippe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. T. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brors, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuerbach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/157560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic footprints of activated telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo Imaging β-cell Function Reveals Two Waves of β-cell Maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/159673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The insulin-secreting cells generated from stem cells in vitro are less glucose responsive than primary {beta}-cells. To search for the missing ingredients that are needed for {beta}-cell maturation, we have longitudinally monitored function of every {beta}-cell in Tg (ins:Rcamp1.07) zebrafish embryos with a newly-invented two-photon light-sheet microscope. We have shown that {beta}-cell maturation begins from the islet mantle and propagates to the islet core during the hatching period, coordinated by the islet vascularization. Lower concentration of glucose is optimal to initiate {beta}-cell maturation, while increased glucose delivery to every cell through microcirculation is required for functional boosting of the {beta}-cells. Both the initiation and the boosting of {beta}-cell maturation demands activation of calcineurin/NFAT by glucose. Calcineurin activator combined with glucose promotes mouse neonatal {beta}-cells cultured in vitro to mature to a functional state similar to adult {beta}-cells, suggesting a new strategy for improving stem cell-derived {beta}-like cell function in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/159673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo Imaging β-cell Function Reveals Two Waves of β-cell Maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An exact transformation of convolutional kernels applied directly to DNA/RNA sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/163220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationConvolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in functional motifs identification for large-scale DNA/RNA sequences. Currently, however, the only way to interpret such a convolutional kernel is a heuristic construction of a position weight matrix (PWM) from fragments scored highly by that kernel.nnResultsInstead of using heuristics, we developed a novel, exact kernel-to-PWM transformation whose equivalency is theoretically proven: the log-likelihood of the resulting PWM generating any DNA/RNA sequence is exactly the sum of a constant and the convolution of the original kernel on the same sequence. Importantly, we further proved that the resulting PWMs performance on sequence classification/regression can be exactly the same as the original kernels under popular CNN frame-works. In simulation, the exact transformation rivals or outperforms the heuristic PWMs in terms of classifying sequences with sequence- or structure-motifs. The exact transformation also faithfully reproduces the output of CNN models on real-world cases, while the heuristic one fails, especially on the case with little prior knowledge on the form of underlying true motifs. Of note, the time complexity of the novel exact transformation is independent on the number of input sequences, enabling it to scale well for massive training sequences.nnAvailabilityPython scripts for the transformation from kernel to PWM, the inverted transformation from PWM to kernel, and a proof-of-concept for the maximum likelihood estimation of optimal PWM are available through https://github.com/gao-lab/kernel-to-PWM.nnContactgaog@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/163220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An exact transformation of convolutional kernels applied directly to DNA/RNA sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing reveals a sparse, but robust pattern of DNA methylation in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/166033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl (CH3) group to a cytosine residue, is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mark involved in a number of different biological functions in eukaryotes, including transcriptional regulation, chromatin structural organization, cellular differentiation and development. In the slime mold Dictyostelium, previous studies have shown the existence of a DNA methyltransferase (DNMA) belonging to the DNMT2 family, but the extent and function of 5-methyl-cytosine in the genome is unclear. Here we present the whole genome DNA methylation profile of Dictyostelium discoideum using deep coverage, replicate sequencing of bisulfite converted gDNA extracted from post-starvation cells. We find an overall very low level of DNA methylation, occurring at only 462 out of the ~7.5 million (0.006%) cytosines in the genome. Despite this sparse profile, significant methylation can be detected at 51 of these sites in replicate experiments, suggesting they are robust targets for DNA methylation. These 5-methyl-cytosines are associated with a broad range of protein-coding genes, tRNA-encoding genes and retrotransposable elements. Our data provides evidence of a minimal, but functional, methylome in Dictyostelium, thereby making Dictyostelium a candidate model organism to further investigate the evolutionary function of DNA methylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steenwyk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>St. Denis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dresch, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larochelle, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drewell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/166033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole genome bisulfite sequencing reveals a sparse, but robust pattern of DNA methylation in the Dictyostelium discoideum genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/178483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effects Of Oncogenic G12D Mutation On K-Ras Structure, Conformation And Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/178483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
K-Ras is the most frequently mutated oncoprotein in human cancers, and G12D is its most prevalent mutation. To understand how G12D mutation impacts K-Ras function, we need to understand how it alters the regulation of its dynamics. Here, we present local changes in K-Ras structure, conformation and dynamics upon G12D mutation, from long-timescale Molecular Dynamics simulations of active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) forms of wild-type and mutant K-Ras, with an integrated investigation of atomistic-level changes, local conformational shifts and correlated residue motions. Our results reveal that the local changes in K-Ras are specific to bound nucleotide (GTP or GDP), and we provide a structural basis for this. Specifically, we show that G12D mutation causes a shift in the population of local conformational states of K-Ras, especially in Switch-II (SII) and 3-helix regions, in favor of a conformation that is associated with a catalytically impaired state through structural changes; it also causes SII motions to anti-correlate with other regions. This detailed picture of G12D mutation effects on the local dynamic characteristics of both active and inactive protein helps enhance our understanding of local K-Ras dynamics, and can inform studies on the development of direct inhibitors towards the treatment of K-RasG12D-driven cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vatansever, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumus, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/178483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effects Of Oncogenic G12D Mutation On K-Ras Structure, Conformation And Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182089v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GVC: A superfast and universal genomic variant caller 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/182089v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germline and somatic variant detection from human and cancer whole-genome sequencing data is a challenge task for genome-wide association study and cancer genomics in precision medicine. Many confounding factors contribute the difficulties including complexity of variant, sequencing and alignment error, tumor clonality and sample purity etc. Current genomic variant callers are too time-consuming to meet the requirement of clinical application in precision medicine. We developed superfast and universal Genomic Variant Caller (GVC), which can simultaneously detect various genomic variants including SNV, sINDEL and SV from personal and normal-cancer paired whole-genome/exome sequencing data within fifteen minutes. Whats more, it achieved higher sensitivity and precision than popular variant callers including GATK4, Mutect, NovoBreak in germline and somatic variant detection from NA12878 and ICGC-TCGA Dream Challenge Datasets respectuvely. It is worth mentioning that GVC achieved comparable performance in variant detection from NA12878 sequenced by three different high-throughput sequencing platforms including Illumina HiSeq2000, NovaSeq and BGISEQ-500.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/182089</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GVC: A superfast and universal genomic variant caller]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/184010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ahr and Cyp1a2 genotypes both affect susceptibility to motor deficits following gestational and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/184010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants known to cause adverse health effects and linked to neurological deficits in both human and animal studies. Children born to exposed mothers are at highest risk of learning and memory and motor deficits. We developed a mouse model that mimics human variation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) to determine if genetic variation increases susceptibility to developmental PCB exposure. In our previous studies, we found that high-affinity AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) and poor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) knockout mice were most susceptible to learning and memory deficits following developmental PCB exposure compared with AhrbCyp1a2(+/+) wild type mice (C57BL/6J strain). Our follow-up studies focused on motor deficits, because human studies have identified PCBs as a potential risk factor for Parkinsons disease. Dams were treated with an environmentally relevant PCB mixture at gestational day 10 and postnatal day 5. We used a motor battery that included tests of nigrostriatal function as well as cerebellar function, because PCBs deplete thyroid hormone, which is essential to normal cerebellar development. There was a significant effect of PCB treatment in the rotarod test with impaired performance in all three genotypes, but decreased motor learning as well in the two Cyp1a2(-/-) knockout lines. Interestingly, we found a main effect of genotype with corn oil-treated control Cyp1a2(-/-) mice performing significantly worse than Cyp1a2(+/+) wild type mice. In contrast, we found that PCB-treated high-affinity Ahrb mice were most susceptible to disruption of nigrostriatal function with the greatest deficits in AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) mice. We conclude that differences in both genes affect susceptibility to motor deficits following developmental PCB exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Colter, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garber, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowler, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harding, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooven, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howes, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Infante, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDougall, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/184010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ahr and Cyp1a2 genotypes both affect susceptibility to motor deficits following gestational and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic load and mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/193482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSRACTLarge and non-recombining genomes are prone to accumulating deleterious mutations faster than natural selection can purge (Mullers ratchet). A possible consequence would then be the extinction of small populations. Relative to most single-cell organisms, cancer cells, with large and non-recombining genomes, could be particularly susceptible to such "mutational meltdown". Curiously, deleterious mutations in cancer cells are rarely noticed despite the strong signals in cancer genome sequences. Here, by monitoring single-cell clones from HeLa cell lines, we characterize deleterious mutations that retard cell proliferation. The main mutational events are copy number variations (CNVs), which happen at an extraordinarily high rate of 0.29 events per cell division. The average fitness reduction, estimated to be 18% per mutation, is also very high. HeLa cell populations therefore have very substantial genetic load and, at this level, natural population would likely experience mutational meltdown. We suspect that HeLa cell populations may avoid extinction only after the population size becomes large. Because CNVs are common in most cell lines and cancer tissues, the observations hint at cancer cells vulnerability, which could be exploited by therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/193482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic load and mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194472v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A2 affect susceptibility to developmental polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in mice: Relevance to studies of human neurological disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194472v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that remain a human health concern with the discovery of new sources of contamination and ongoing bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Children exposed during early brain development are at highest risk of neurological deficits, but there is some evidence that high PCB exposure in adults increases the risk of Parkinsons disease. Our previous studies found allelic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) affect susceptibility to developmental PCB exposure, resulting in cognitive deficits and motor dysfunction. High-affinity AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) mice were most susceptible compared with poor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) and wild type AhrbCyp1a2(+/+) mice. Our follow-up studies assessed biochemical, histological and gene expression changes to identify the brain regions and pathways affected. We also measured PCB and metabolite levels in multiple tissues to determine if genotype altered toxicokinetics. We found evidence of AHR-mediated immune suppression with reduced thymus and spleen weights and significantly reduced thyroxine at P14. In the brain, the greatest changes were seen in the cerebellum where a foliation defect was over-represented in Cyp1a2(-/-) mice. In contrast, we found no difference in tyrosine hydroxylase immuno-staining in the striatum. Gene expression patterns varied across the three genotypes, but there was clear evidence of AHR activation. Distribution of parent PCB congeners also varied by genotype with strikingly high levels of PCB 77 in poor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) while AhrbCyp1a2(+/+) mice effectively sequestered coplanar PCBs in the liver. Together, our data suggest that the AHR pathway plays a role in developmental PCB neurotoxicity, but we found little evidence that developmental exposure is a risk factor for Parkinsons disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Klinefelter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooven, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bates, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colter, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dailey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Infante, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kania-Korwel, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmler, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez-Juarez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludwig, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194472</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and CYP1A2 affect susceptibility to developmental polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in mice: Relevance to studies of human neurological disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Statistical Inferences for Drug Sensitivity Biomarkers in Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/194670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Personal medicine has been associated with different patient responses to different anti-cancer therapies. Recently, scientists are looking not only for new biomarkers associated with a disease such as cancer but also identifying biomarkers that predict patients who are most likely to respond to a particular cancer treatment. Orderly endeavors to relate cancer mutational information with biological conditions may encourage the interpretation of somatic mutation indexes into significant biomarkers for patient stratification.nnWe have screened and incorporated a board of cancer cell lines from Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to recognize genomic highlights related with drug sensitivity. We used mutation, DNA copy number variation, and gene expression information from Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and The Cancer Genome ATLAS (TCGA) for cell lines with their reactions to associate focused and cytotoxic treatments with approved drugs and drugs under clinical and preclinical examination.nnWe discovered mutated cancer genes were related with cell reaction to, mostly accessible, cancer medications and some mutated genes were related with sensitivity to an expansive scope of therapeutic agents. By connecting drug activity to the useful many-sided quality of cancer genomes, efficient pharmacogenomic profiling in tumor cell lines gives an intense biomarker revelation stage to guide balanced malignancy remedial systems.nnOur study highlights that gene ANK2 amplification, and gene CELSER1 amplification and deletion are highly associated with anti-leukemic drug candidate LFM-A13. It also highlights that gene NUP214 and ROS1 copy number and gene NSD1 amplification are as a group highly associated with the parkinson drug Nilotinib. Finally, our study confirms that gene BRAF mutation is interacting with the BRAF-selective inhibitors drugs PLX4720 and SB590885. On the other hand, our study provides two open source analysis packages: bastah for the multitask-association analysis, and UNGeneAnno for automatic annotation of the variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ullah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Muftah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rawi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensmail, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/194670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Statistical Inferences for Drug Sensitivity Biomarkers in Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response to Qian et al (2017): Daily and seasonal climate variations are both critical in the evolution of species’ elevational range size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/195248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In their recent critique, Qian et al. (2017) claimed that the results of structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) in Chan et al. (2016) were flawed. Here, we show that the source of the difference in their re-analysis is that Qian et al. did not follow the standard, iterative process of SEM, which allows researchers to evaluate which model offers the best account of the data in both absolute and relative senses. Here, we provide step-by-step instructions to reproduce our published results. All of Qian et al.s concerns regarding SEM can be put to rest. Moreover, in our original paper we used three distinct statistical methods--hierarchical partitioning, SEM, and stationary bootstrap--to show that different temporal scales of environmental variability can differentially impact the elevational range size (ERS) of species. It is time to move on to probing the pressing issue of how and why climatic variability impacts ERS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colwell, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/195248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response to Qian et al (2017): Daily and seasonal climate variations are both critical in the evolution of species’ elevational range size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Cancer-associated Metabolic Vulnerabilities by Modeling Multi-objective Optimality in Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/198333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational modeling of the genome-wide metabolic network is essential for designing new therapeutics targeting cancer-associated metabolic disorder, which is a hallmark of human malignancies. However, previous studies generally assumed that metabolic fluxes of cancer cells are subjected to the maximization of biomass production, despite the wide existence of trade-offs among multiple metabolic objectives. To address this issue, we developed a multi-objective model of cancer metabolism with algorithms depicting approximate Pareto surfaces and incorporating multiple omics datasets. To validate this approach, we built individualized models for NCI-60 cancer cell lines, and accurately predicted cell growth rates and other biological consequences of metabolic perturbations in these cells. By analyzing the landscape of approximate Pareto surface, we identified a list of metabolic targets essential for cancer cell proliferation and the Warburg effect, and further demonstrated their close association with cancer patient survival. Finally, metabolic targets predicted to be essential for tumor progression were validated by cell-based experiments, confirming this multi-objective modelling method as a novel and effective strategy to identify cancer-associated metabolic vulnerabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/198333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Cancer-associated Metabolic Vulnerabilities by Modeling Multi-objective Optimality in Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.879684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic and fast encoding of representational uncertainty underlies probability distortion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.879684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans do not have an accurate representation of probability information in the environment but distort it in a surprisingly stereotyped way ("probability distortion"), as shown in a wide range of judgment and decision-making tasks. Many theories hypothesize that humans automatically compensate for the uncertainty inherent in probability information ("representational uncertainty") and probability distortion is a consequence of uncertainty compensation. Here we examined whether and how the representational uncertainty of probability is quantified in the human brain and its relevance to probability distortion behavior. Human subjects kept tracking the relative frequency of one color of dot in a sequence of dot arrays while their brain activity was recorded by magnetoencephalography (MEG). We found converging evidence from both neural entrainment and time-resolved decoding analysis that a mathematically- derived measure of representational uncertainty is automatically computed in the brain, despite it is not explicitly required by the task. In particular, the encodings of relative frequency and its representational uncertainty respectively occur at latencies of approximately 300 ms and 400 ms. The relative strength of the brain responses to these two quantities correlates with the probability distortion behavior. The automatic and fast encoding of the representational uncertainty provides neural basis for the uncertainty compensation hypothesis of probability distortion. More generally, since representational uncertainty is closely related to confidence estimation, our findings exemplify how confidence might emerge prior to perceptual judgment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.879684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic and fast encoding of representational uncertainty underlies probability distortion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.879858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing generating and collecting efficiency of single particle upconverting luminescence at low-level power excitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.17.879858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upconverting luminescent nanoparticles are photostable, non-blinking, and low chemically toxic fluorophores that are emerging as promising fluorescent probe at single-molecule level. High luminescence intensity upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is achieved with highly doped rare-earth ions co-doped (20% Yb3+) using high excitation power (>2.5 MW/cm2). However, such particles are inadequate for in-vitro live-cell imaging and single-particle tracking since high excitation power can cause photodamage. Here, we compared UCNPs luminescence intensities with different dopants concentrations and presented a more efficient ([~]7x) UCNPs at low excitation power by increasing the concentrations of Yb3+ and Tm3+ dopants (NaYF4: 60% Yb3+, 8% Tm3+) and adding a core-shell structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mok, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.17.879858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing generating and collecting efficiency of single particle upconverting luminescence at low-level power excitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.873729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developing a DeSipher method for conformational change detection of membrane receptor complex at residue resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.18.873729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While one dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1D 1H-NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most important and convenient method for measuring conformation change in biomacromolecules, characterization of protein dynamics in large membrane protein complexes by 1D 1H-NMR remains challenging, due to the difficulty of spectra assignment, low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the need for large amount of protein. Here we report the site-specific incorporation of 4-trimethylsilyl phenylalanine (TMSiPhe) into proteins, through genetic code expansion in Escherichia coli cells, and the measurement of multiple conformational states in membrane protein complex by 1D 1H-NMR. The unique up-field 1H-NMR chemical shift of TMSiPhe, highly efficient and specific incorporation of TMSiPhe enabled facile assignment of the TMSiPhe 1H-NMR signal, and characterization of multiple conformational state in a 150 kilodalton (kD) membrane protein complex, using only 5 M of protein and 20 min spectra accumulation time. This highly efficient and convenient methods should be broadly applicable for the investigation of dynamic conformation change of protein complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, X.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, C.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahsai, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.18.873729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developing a DeSipher method for conformational change detection of membrane receptor complex at residue resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enzyme capacity-based genome scale modelling of CHO cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.19.883652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are most prevalently used for producing recombinant therapeutics in biomanufacturing. Recently, more rational and systems approaches have been increasingly exploited to identify key metabolic bottlenecks and engineering targets for cell line engineering and process development based on the CHO genome-scale metabolic model which mechanistically characterizes cell culture behaviours. However, it is still challenging to quantify plausible intracellular fluxes and discern metabolic pathway usages considering various clonal traits and bioprocessing conditions. Thus, we newly incorporated enzyme kinetic information into the updated CHO genome-scale model (iCHO2291) and added enzyme capacity constraints within the flux balance analysis framework (ecFBA) to significantly reduce the flux variability in biologically meaningful manner, as such improving the accuracy of intracellular flux prediction. Interestingly, ecFBA could capture the overflow metabolism under the glucose excess condition where the usage of oxidative phosphorylation is limited by the enzyme capacity. In addition, its applicability was successfully demonstrated via a case study where the clone- and media-specific lactate metabolism was deciphered, suggesting that the lactate-pyruvate cycling could be beneficial for CHO cells to efficiently utilize the mitochondrial redox capacity. In summary, iCHO2296 with ecFBA can be used to confidently elucidate cell cultures and effectively identify key engineering targets, thus guiding bioprocess optimization and cell engineering efforts as a part of digital twin model for advanced biomanufacturing in future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yeo, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.19.883652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enzyme capacity-based genome scale modelling of CHO cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.885988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NADPH diaphorase neuronal dystrophy in gracile nucleus, cuneatus nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus in aged rat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.21.885988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NADPH-diaphorase (N-d) activity is commonly used to identify NOS-ergic neurons. In our previous study, N-d positive neuritic dystrophy and spheroid termed aging-related N-d Body is discovered in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the normal aging rats. Histological studies also reveal that N-d positive neurodegenerative changes occur in the gracile nucleus. We re-examined N-d activity in gracile nucleus in aged rat. We found N-d positive neuritic dystrophy and spheroid also occurred in the cuneatus nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus. Besides regular coronal section, longitudinal oriented dystrophic neurites were detected in the sagittal and horizontal section in gracile nucleus and dorsal column. We fziurther examined the medullary oblongata with regular classical histology including Golgi staining, immunocytochemistry of NOS and phosphorylated tau protein, neuronal tracing method with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated alexa-fluor-488 through sciatic nerve, and spinal cord transection at thoracic level. Most of N-d positive neuritic dystrophy and spheroid did not showed colocalization with NOS or phosphorylated tau protein. Neuronal tracing and spinal cord transection revealed that N-d dystrophic neurites in gracile nucleus originated from terminal of sensory projection from spinal cord and peripheral somatic input. The results suggested that aging-related N-d dystrophy in the gracile nucleus was unique morphological feature. In conclusion, it was postulated that the N-d dystrophy as a morphological marker of aging degenerative damage in normal aged organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.21.885988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NADPH diaphorase neuronal dystrophy in gracile nucleus, cuneatus nucleus and spinal trigeminal nucleus in aged rat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.24.887992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNV-BAC: Copy Number Variation Detection in Bacterial Circular Genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.24.887992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationWhole genome sequencing (WGS) is widely used for copy number variation (CNV) detection. However, for most bacteria, their circular genome structure and high replication rate make reads more enriched near the replication origin. CNV detection based on read depth could be seriously influenced by such replication bias.

ResultsWe show that the replication bias is widespread using ~200 bacterial WGS data. We develop CNV-BAC that can properly normalize the replication bias as well as other known biases in bacterial WGS data and can accurately detect CNVs. Simulation and real data analysis show that CNV-BAC achieves the best performance in CNV detection compared with available algorithms.

Availability and implementationCNV-BAC is available at https://github.com/LinjieWu/CNV-BAC.

Contactruibinxi@math.pku.edu.cn
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.24.887992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNV-BAC: Copy Number Variation Detection in Bacterial Circular Genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.25.888479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Parametric Profiling of Endothelial Cell Networks Reveals Functional Role of Glutamate Receptors in Angiogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.25.888479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiogenesis plays a key role in several diseases including cancer, ischemic vascular disease, and Alzheimers disease. High throughput screening of endothelial tube formation provides a robust approach for identifying drugs that impact microvascular network formation and morphology. However, the analysis of resulting imaging datasets has been limited to a few phenotypic features such as the total tube length or the number of branching points. Here we developed a high content analysis framework for detailed quantification of various aspects of network morphology including network complexity, symmetry and topology. By applying our approach to a high content screen of 1,280 drugs, we found that many drugs that result in a similar phenotype share the same mechanism of action or common downstream signalling pathways. Our multiparametric analysis revealed a group of drugs, that target glutamate receptors, results in enhanced branching and network connectivity. Using an integrative meta-analysis approach, we validated the link between these receptors and angiogenesis. We further found that the expression of these genes correlates with the prognosis of Alzheimers patients. In conclusion, our work shows that detailed image analysis of complex endothelial phenotypes can reveal new insights into biological mechanisms modulating the morphogenesis of endothelial networks and identify potential therapeutics for angiogenesis-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sailem, H. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Haj Zen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.25.888479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Parametric Profiling of Endothelial Cell Networks Reveals Functional Role of Glutamate Receptors in Angiogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.28.890095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subcellular protein profiling with far-red light mediated proximal labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.28.890095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organelle specific protein identification is essential for understanding how cell functions on a subcellular level. Here, we report a light mediated proximal labeling (LIMPLA) strategy for organelle specific protein profiling in living cells. In this strategy, various commercial mitochondria-localized fluorescent trackers, such as Mitoview 405 and Rhodamine 123, can activate 2-Propynylamine (PA) to label proximal proteins in mitochondria under illumination. PA tagged proteins are subsequently derivatized via click chemistry with azido fluorescent dye for imaging or with azido biotin for further enrichment and mass-spec identification. This strategy can be generalized to other organelles specific protein labeling. For example, proteins in nucleus are labeled by utilizing the commercial nucleus tracker DRAQ5. As compared with other chemical strategies for subcellular protein labeling, there are several advantages for this LIMPLA strategy. First, this approach allows minimal interference to the cells status by avoiding exogenous gene tansduction and some special treatment such as hydrogen peroxide or serum starvation. Second, all reagents used in this strategy are commercially available without additional synthesis work. Further, this strategy holds the potential for analyzing proximal proteins of specific macromolecules that can be tagged with fluorescent dye by metabolic labeling strategy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.28.890095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subcellular protein profiling with far-red light mediated proximal labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.892190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlated Gene Modules Uncovered by Single-Cell Transcriptomics with High Detectability and Accuracy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.31.892190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell transcriptome sequencing has become extremely useful for cell typing. However, such differential expression data has shed little light on regulatory relationships among genes. Here, by examining pairwise correlations between mRNA levels of any two genes under steady-state conditions, we uncovered correlated gene modules (CGMs), clusters of intercorrelated genes that carry out certain biological functions together. We report a novel single-cell RNA-seq method called MALBAC-DT with higher detectability and accuracy, allowing determination of the covariance matrix of the expressed mRNAs for a homogenous cell population. We observed a prevalence of positive correlations between pairs of genes, with higher correlations corresponding to higher likelihoods of protein-protein interactions. Some CGMs, such as the p53 module in a cancer cell line, are cell type specific, while others, such as the protein synthesis CGM, are shared by different cell types. CGMs distinguished direct targets of p53 and exposed different modes of regulation of these genes in different cell types. Our covariance analyses of steady-state fluctuations provides a powerful way to advance our functional understanding of gene-to-gene interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chapman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2019.12.31.892190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlated Gene Modules Uncovered by Single-Cell Transcriptomics with High Detectability and Accuracy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.04.894998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine Sieving of Collected Atmospheric Particles using Oil Electrophoresis (iSCAPE) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.04.894998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is rather challenging to separate atmospheric particles from nano-to micro-metre mixed in a sample. Here, a system named iSCAPE was invented to efficiently sieve particles out from a mixture by employing an electrostatic field and a non-conductive mineral oil. Tests with atmospheric particles of different cities as well as soil and road dust samples demonstrated that the iSCAPEd particles under different operating conditions moved rapidly with different velocities and both directions. Particles of different sources such as ambient air, soil or road were shown to have different polarity-charged particle fractions, and exhibited clearly different particle electrical mobility graphs after the iSCAPE sieving from seconds to minutes. Data also revealed that after the sieving some particles were enriched at specific mobility ranges. Bacterial ATP measurements implied that the iSCAPE can be also used to efficiently separate bacteria of different sizes and charge polarity. Experimental data here suggest that the iSCAPE sieving strongly replies on the electrostatic field strength, mineral oil viscosity and the run time. In theory, the iSCAPE system can be used to extract any desired targets from a complex sample, thus opening up many outstanding opportunities for environmental, biomedical and life science fields.

TOC

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.04.894998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine Sieving of Collected Atmospheric Particles using Oil Electrophoresis (iSCAPE)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897124v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by competitive inhibitor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.07.897124v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident, multi-transmembrane enzyme that belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family 1. It catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol to generate cholesteryl esters for cholesterol storage 2. SOAT1 is a target to treat several human diseases 3. However, its structure and mechanism remain elusive since its discovery. Here, we report the structure of human SOAT1 (hSOAT1) determined by cryo-EM. hSOAT1 is a tetramer consisted of a dimer of dimer. The structure of hSOAT1 dimer at 3.5 [A] resolution reveals that the small molecule inhibitor CI-976 binds inside the catalytic chamber and blocks the accessibility of the active site residues H460, N421 and W420. Our results pave the way for future mechanistic study and rational drug design of SOAT1 and other mammalian MBOAT family members.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.07.897124</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by competitive inhibitor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.09.898866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRY1-CBS binding regulates circadian clock function and metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.09.898866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circadian disruption influences metabolic health. Metabolism modulates circadian function. However, the mechanisms coupling circadian rhythms and metabolism remain poorly understood. Here we report that Cystathionine {beta}-synthase (CBS), a central enzyme in one-carbon metabolism, functionally interacts with the core circadian protein Cryptochrome1 (CRY1). In cells, CBS augments CRY1 mediated repression of the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex and shortens circadian period. Notably, we find that mutant CBS-I278T protein, the most common cause of homocystinuria, does not bind CRY1 or regulate its repressor activity. Transgenic CbsZn/Zn mice, while maintaining circadian locomotor activity period, exhibit reduced circadian power and increased expression of E-BOX outputs. CBS function is reciprocally influenced by CRY1 binding. CRY1 modulates enzymatic activity of the CBS. Liver extracts from Cry1-/- mice show reduced CBS activity that normalizes after the addition of exogenous wild type (WT) CRY1. Metabolomic analysis of WT, CbsZn/Zn, Cry1-/-, and Cry2-/- samples highlights the metabolic importance of endogenous CRY1. We observed temporal variation in one-carbon and transsulfuration pathways attributable to CRY1 induced CBS activation. CBS-CRY1 binding provides a post-translational switch to modulate cellular circadian physiology and metabolic control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cal-Kayitmazbatir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Growe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selby, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhoades, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asimgil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francey, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sancar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruger, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hogenesch, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weljie, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anafi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.09.898866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRY1-CBS binding regulates circadian clock function and metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.09.900548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circadian Rhythm Is Disrupted by ZNF704 in Breast Carcinogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.09.900548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number gain in chromosome 8q21 is considered as the prototype of genetic abnormalities associated with development of breast cancer, yet the oncogenic potential underlying this amplicon in breast carcinogenesis remains to be delineated. We report here that ZNF704, a gene mapped to 8q21, is recurrently amplified in various malignancies including breast cancer. We found that ZNF704 acts as transcription repressor and interacts with the transcription corepressor SIN3A complex. Genome-wide interrogation of the transcriptional targets identifies that the ZNF704/SIN3A complex represses a panel of genes including PER2 that are critically involved in the function of circadian clock. Indeed, ZNF704 overexpression prolongs the period and dampens the amplitude of circadian clock. We showed that ZNF704 promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and accelerates the growth and metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. Consistently, the level of ZNF704 expression is inversely correlated with that of PER2 in breast carcinomas, and high level of ZNF704 correlates with advanced histological grades, lymph node positivity, and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients, especially those with HER2+ and basal-like subtypes. These results indicate that ZNF704 is an important regulator of circadian clock and a potential driver for breast carcinogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.09.900548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circadian Rhythm Is Disrupted by ZNF704 in Breast Carcinogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.902833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable generation of mesenchymal stem cells and adipocytes from human pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.11.902833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide unlimited supply for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipocytes that can be used for therapeutic applications. Here we developed a simple and highly efficient All-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-based method for generating an off-the-shelf and scalable number of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived MSCs with enhanced adipogenic potential. We showed that short exposure of multiple hPSC lines (hESCs/ hiPSCs) to a high RA concentration (10 M) dramatically enhances embryoid body (EB) formation through regulation of genes activating signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, survival and adhesion, among others. Disruption of cell adhesion induced the subsequent differentiation of the highly expanded RA-derived EB-forming cells into a pure population of multipotent MSCs (up to 1542-fold increase in comparison to RA-untreated counterparts). Interestingly, the RA-derived MSCs displayed enhanced differentiation potential into adipocytes. Thus, these findings present a novel RA-based approach for providing an unlimited source of MSCs and adipocytes that can be used for regenerative medicine, drug screening, and disease modeling applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karam, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Younis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelalim, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.11.902833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable generation of mesenchymal stem cells and adipocytes from human pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.903872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward an understanding of the relation between gene regulation and 3D genome organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.903872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development and usage of chromosome conformation capture technologies have provided great details on 3D genome organization and provide great opportunities to understand how gene regulation is affected by the 3D chromatin structure. Previously, we identified two types of sequence domains, CGI forest and CGI prairie, which tend to segregate spatially, but to different extent in different tissues/cell states. To further quantify the association of domain segregation with gene regulation and differentiation, we analyzed in this study the distribution of genes of different tissue specificities along the linear genome, and found that the distribution patterns are distinctly different in forests and prairies. The tissue-specific genes (TSGs) are significantly enriched in the latter but not in the former and genes of similar expression profiles among different cell types (co-activation/repression) also tend to cluster in specific prairies. We then analyzed the correlation between gene expression and the spatial contact revealed in Hi-C measurement. Tissue-specific forest-prairie contact formation was found to correlate with the regulation of the TSGs, in particular those in the prairie domains, pointing to the important role gene positioning, in the linear DNA sequence as well as in 3D chromatin structure, plays in gene regulatory network formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.903872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward an understanding of the relation between gene regulation and 3D genome organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.903963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domain segregated 3D chromatin structure and segmented DNA methylation in carcinogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.13.903963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure, together with DNA methylation and other epigenetic marks, profoundly affects gene expression and displays abnormal behaviors in cancer cells. We elucidated the chromatin architecture remodeling in carcinogenesis from the perspective of spatial interactions between CGI forest and prairie domains, which are two types of megabase-sized domains defined by different sequence features but show distinct epigenetic and transcriptional patterns. DNA sequence strongly affects chromosome spatial interaction, DNA methylation and gene expression. Globally, forests and prairies show enhanced spatial segregation in cancer cells and such structural changes are accordant with the alteration of CGI interactions and domain boundary insulation, which could affect vital cancer-related properties. As the cancer progresses, a gradual increase of the DNA methylation difference between the two types of DNA domains is also observed for many different types of cancers. These observations are consistent with the change of transcriptional level differences of genes in these two domains, suggesting a highly-connected global structural, epigenetic and transcriptional activity changes in carcinogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.13.903963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domain segregated 3D chromatin structure and segmented DNA methylation in carcinogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.905653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Nonequilibrium Mechanism of Noise Enhancer synergizing with Activator in HIV Latency Reactivation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.905653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactivating HIV latency and then simultaneously eliminating it by antiretroviral therapy has become a leading strategy in curing HIV. Recently, single-cell screening experiments have shown the drug synergy between two categories of biomolecules, Activators (AC) and Noise Enhancers (NE): NE can amplify the reactivation of latent HIV induced by AC, although NE itself cannot reactivate HIV latency. Based on an established LTR-two-state effective model, we uncover two necessary conditions for this type of drug synergy: The decreasing of the turning-on rate of LTR induced by NE is highly inhibited when presented with AC; The timescale of LTR turning off without AC/NE presented should be no slower than the timescale of Tat transactivation. Then we propose a detailed LTR-four-state mechanistic model with both AC/NE regulation kinetics and Tat transactivation circuit. We show that, in order to achieve drug synergy, the system of HIV gene state transition must operate out of thermodynamic equilibrium, which is caused by energy input. The direction of energy input determines whether the inhibition of NE upon the reactivation rate of LTR-off states (unbinding of RNAP) can be successfully prevented in the presence of AC. The drug synergy can also be significantly enhanced if the energy input is appropriately distributed to more than one reaction. Our model reveals a generic nonequilibrium mechanism underpinning the noise enhanced drug synergy, which may apply to identify the same drug synergy on reactivating a diverse class of lentivirus latency.

Significance StatementThe "kick and kill" strategy has become a promising way to cure HIV by eliminating latent HIV reservoirs, the main barrier to a clinical cure. Two categories of biomolecules, Activators (AC) and Noise Enhancers (NE), have been found to have synergy on reactivating latent HIV (kick strategy). We uncover the underlying non-equilibrium mechanism of such drug synergy by developing mathematical models based on genetic regulatory kinetics. We find that controlling the magnitude and direction of energy input into genetic regulatory kinetics can prevent NE from reducing the turn-on rate of the inactivated gene state in the presence of AC, which produces the synergy. This general nonequilibrium mechanism can be useful for identifying other drug synergies on lentivirus latency reactivation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.905653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Nonequilibrium Mechanism of Noise Enhancer synergizing with Activator in HIV Latency Reactivation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906883v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A global map of root biomass across the world's forests 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.14.906883v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract (150 words limits)Root plays a key role in plant growth and functioning. Here we combine 10307 field measurements of forest root biomass worldwide with global observations of forest structure, climatic conditions, topography, land management and soil characteristics to derive a spatially-explicit global high-resolution (~ 1km) root biomass dataset, including fine and coarse roots. In total, 142 {+/-} 32 Pg of live dry matter biomass is stored below-ground, that is a global average root:shoot biomass ratio of 0.25 {+/-} 0.10. Our estimations of total root biomass in tropical, temperate and boreal forests are 44-226% smaller than earlier studies1-3. The smaller estimation is attributable to the updated forest area, spatially explicit above-ground biomass density used to predict the patterns of root biomass, new root measurements and upscaling methodology. We show specifically that the root shoot allometry is one underlying driver that leads to methodological overestimation of root biomass in previous estimations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciais, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santoro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makowski, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chave, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schepaschenko, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abramoff, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goll, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.14.906883</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A global map of root biomass across the world's forests]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.907287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary forces on A-to-I RNA editing revealed by sequencing individual honeybee drones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.15.907287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social insects exhibit extensive phenotypic diversities among the genetically similar individuals, suggesting a role for the epigenetic regulations beyond the genome level. The ADAR-mediated adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, facilitates adaptive evolution by expanding proteomic diversities. Here, we characterize the A-to-I RNA editome of honeybees (Apis mellifera), identifying 407 high-confidence A-to-I editing sites. Editing is most abundant in the heads, and shows signatures for positive selection. Editing behavior differs between foragers and nurses, suggesting a role for editing in caste differentiation. Although only five sites are conserved between bees and flies, an unexpectedly large number of genes exhibit editing in both species, albeit at different locations, including the nonsynonymous auto-editing of Adar. This convergent evolution, where the same target genes independently acquire recoding events in distant diverged clades, together with the signals of adaptation observed in honeybees alone, further supports the notion of recoding being adaptive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenberg, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.15.907287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary forces on A-to-I RNA editing revealed by sequencing individual honeybee drones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.908129v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic interactions shaping evolutionary trajectories in an RNA virus population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.908129v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A quantitative understanding of evolution rests on the analysis of the mutation accumulation process in biological populations, but is largely limited to high-frequency mutations due to the resolution of conventional sequencing technologies. Here, we examine the mutation composition of a poliovirus population over multiple passages using a highly-accurate sequencing strategy, that enables detection of up to 99% of all possible mutations, most of which are present at low-frequency. This data informs a mathematical model describing trajectory patterns of individual mutations to understand the type of interactions shaping population dynamics. We identify mutations consistent with a locus-independent behavior, and others deviating from that simple model by interactions. Clonal interference, followed by hitchhiking, appear to be the most prevalent interactions in the virus population. Epistasis, while presents, but does not significantly affect the distribution of mutational fitness on the short time scale examined in our study. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the allelic composition and how mutation rate, fitness, epistasis, clonal interference and hitchhiking influence population dynamics and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bianco, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acevedo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.16.908129</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic interactions shaping evolutionary trajectories in an RNA virus population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PE5-PPE4-EspG3 trimer structure from mycobacterial ESX-3 secretion system gives insight into cognate substrate recognition by ESX systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.16.909523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved numerous type VII secretion (ESX) systems to secrete multiple factors important for both growth and virulence across their cell envelope. Three such systems; ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5; have been shown to each secrete a unique set of substrates. A large class of these substrates secreted by these three systems are the PE and PPE families of proteins. Proper secretion of the PE-PPE proteins requires the presence of EspG, with each system encoding its own unique copy. There is no cross-talk between any of the ESX systems and how each EspG is recognizing its subset of PE-PPE proteins is currently unknown. The only current structural characterization of PE-PPE-EspG trimers is from the ESX-5 system. Here we present the crystal structure of the PE5mt-PPE4mt-EspG3mm trimer, from the ESX-3 system. Our trimer reveals that EspG3mm interacts exclusively with PPE4mt in a similar manner to EspG5, shielding the hydrophobic tip of PPE4mt from solvent. The C-terminal helical domain of EspG3mm is dynamic, alternating between an  open and  closed form, and this movement is likely functionally relevant in the unloading of PE-PPE heterodimers at the secretion machinery. In contrast to the previously solved ESX-5 trimers, the PE-PPE heterodimer of our ESX-3 trimer is interacting with its chaperone at a drastically different angle, and presents different faces of the PPE protein to the chaperone. We conclude that the PPE-EspG interface from each ESX system has a unique shape complementarity that allows each EspG to discriminate amongst non-cognate PE-PPE pairs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williamson, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaton, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciocca, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korotkova, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korotkov, K. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.16.909523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PE5-PPE4-EspG3 trimer structure from mycobacterial ESX-3 secretion system gives insight into cognate substrate recognition by ESX systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.910356v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting endothelial to haematopoietic stem cell transition by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.18.910356v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in adults are believed to be born from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) in mid-gestational mouse embryos. Due to rare and transient nature, the HSC-competent ECs have never been stringently identified and accurately captured, let alone their genuine vasculature precursors. Here, we firstly used high-precision single-cell transcriptomics to unbiasedly examine relevant EC populations at continuous developmental stages and transcriptomically identified putative HSC-primed HECs. Combining computational prediction and in vivo functional validation, we precisely captured HSC-competent HECs by newly constructed Neurl3-EGFP reporter mouse model, and realized enrichment further by surface marker combination. Surprisingly, endothelial-haematopoietic bi-potential was rarely but reliably witnessed in culture of single HECs. Noteworthy, primitive vascular ECs experienced two-step fate choices to become HSC-primed HECs, resolving several previously observed contradictions. Taken together, comprehensive understanding of endothelial evolutions and molecular programs underlying HSC-primed HEC specification in vivo will facilitate future investigations directing HSC production in vitro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.18.910356</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting endothelial to haematopoietic stem cell transition by single-cell transcriptomic and functional analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.19.911701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surveying Brain Tumor Heterogeneity by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Multi-sector Biopsies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.19.911701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain tumors are among the most challenging human tumors for which the mechanisms driving progression and heterogeneity remain poorly understood. We combined single-cell RNA-seq with multisector biopsies to sample and analyze single-cell expression profiles of gliomas from 13 Chinese patients. After classifying individual cells, we generated a spatial and temporal landscape of glioma that revealed the patterns of invasion between the different sub-regions of gliomas. We also used single-cell inferred CNVs and pseudotime trajectories to inform on the crucial branches that dominate tumor progression. The dynamic cell components of the multi-region biopsy analysis allowed us to spatially deconvolute with unprecedented accuracy the transcriptomic features of the core and those of the periphery of glioma at single cell level. Through this rich and geographically detailed dataset, we were also able to characterize and construct the chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions that exist among different tumor and non-tumor cells. This study provides the first spatial-level analysis of the cellular states that characterize human gliomas. It also presents an initial molecular map of the crosstalks between glioma cells and the surrounding microenvironment with single cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasko, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iavarone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.19.911701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surveying Brain Tumor Heterogeneity by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Multi-sector Biopsies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.19.911941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralizing PD-L1 and PD-L2 Enhances the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.19.911941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have improved for a number of solid tumors. Unfortunately, ovarian cancer represents a major clinical hurdle for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with reported low patient response rates. Using IHC staining, we find that PD-L2 is highly expressed in ovarian cancers and other malignancies with sub-optimal response to ICB, and is expressed at low levels in cancers responsive to ICB. Based on this observation, we hypothesized that the elevated expression of PD-L2 produced by both tumor and surrounding stromal cells contributes to immune-suppression. Since PD-L2 has been reported to have a 6- to10-fold higher native binding affinity to PD-1 compared with PD-L1, we hypothesized that high levels of PD-L2 can lead to insufficient blockade of the PD-1 signaling pathway. To overcome the immune repressive activity of PD-L2, we engineered a soluble PD-1 decoy molecule (sPD-1 mutant) that binds and neutralizes both PD-L1 and PD-L2 with a 10,000- and 200- fold improvement in binding affinity, respectively, when compared to wild-type binding to these same molecules. Such enhancement in binding affinity is facilitated by amino acid mutations both within and outside of the binding interface. Furthermore, this high affinity sPD-1 mutant molecule demonstrates superior in vivo efficacy in multiple cancer models including ovarian cancer where PD-L2 is highly expressed on the cell surface.

One Sentence SummaryDual Inhibition of PD-L1 and PD-L2 using an affinity enhanced sPD-1 decoy molecule delivers superior antitumor activity when compared with PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies in ovarian cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakkar, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kariolis, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandagopal, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diep, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherf, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alemany, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rankin, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giaccia, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.19.911941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralizing PD-L1 and PD-L2 Enhances the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.912147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Schisandrin B for treatment of male infertility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.20.912147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The decline of male fertility and its consequences on human populations are important public-health issues. However, there are limited choices for treatment of male infertility. In an attempt to identify a compound that could promote male fertility, we identified and characterized a library of small molecules from an ancient formulation Wuzi Yanzong-Pill, which was used as a folk medicine since the Tang dynasty of China. We found that SB enabled evident repairs in oligoasthenospermia-associated testicular tissue abnormality and in spermatogenesis disruption, resulting in significant improvements of sperm count, mobility, and reproductive ability in oligoasthenospermia mice. Furthermore, SB could alter substantial testicular genes (2033), among which, upregulation of Fst while downregulation of Inhba involved in reproductive signaling pathway could explain its role in enhancing spermatogenesis. The encouraging preclinical data with pharmacokinetics warranted a rapid development of this new class of therapeutic agent. Our finding provides a strong potent drug for treatment of male infertility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zou, D.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.20.912147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Schisandrin B for treatment of male infertility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.21.914044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China caused by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emphasizes the importance of detecting novel viruses and predicting their risks of infecting people. In this report, we introduced the VHP (Virus Host Prediction) to predict the potential hosts of viruses using deep learning algorithm. Our prediction suggests that 2019-nCoV has close infectivity with other human coronaviruses, especially the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Bat SARS-like Coronaviruses and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Based on our prediction, compared to the Coronaviruses infecting other vertebrates, bat coronaviruses are assigned with more similar infectivity patterns with 2019-nCoVs. Furthermore, by comparing the infectivity patterns of all viruses hosted on vertebrates, we found mink viruses show a closer infectivity pattern to 2019-nCov. These consequences of infectivity pattern analysis illustrate that bat and mink may be two candidate reservoirs of 2019-nCov.These results warn us to beware of 2019-nCoV and guide us to further explore the properties and reservoir of it.

One Sentence SummaryIt is of great value to identify whether a newly discovered virus has the risk of infecting human. Guo et al. proposed a virus host prediction method based on deep learning to detect what kind of host a virus can infect with DNA sequence as input. Applied to the Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus, our prediction demonstrated that several vertebrate-infectious coronaviruses have strong potential to infect human. This method will be helpful in future viral analysis and early prevention and control of viral pathogens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.21.914044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.920975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying Priority Landscapes for Conservation of Snow Leopards in Pakistan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.27.920975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pakistans total estimated snow leopard habitat is about 80,000 km2 of which about half is considered prime. However, this preliminary demarcation was not always in close agreement with the actual distribution--the discrepancy may be huge at the local and regional level. Recent technological developments like camera trapping and molecular genetics allow for collecting reliable presence records that could be used to construct realistic species distribution based on empirical data and advanced mathematical approaches like MaxEnt. Current study followed this approach to construct accurate distribution of the species in Pakistan. Moreover, movement corridors, among different landscapes, were also identified through the circuit theory. The habitat suitability map, generated from 384 presence points and 28 environmental variables, scored the snow leopards assumed range in Pakistan, from 0 to 0.97. A large shear of previously known range represented low-quality habitat, including areas in lower Chitral, Swat, Astore and Kashmir. Conversely, Khunjerab, Misgar, Chapursan, Qurumber, Broghil, and Central Karakoram represented high-quality habitats. Variables with higher contribution in the MaxEnt model were precipitation of driest month (34%), annual mean temperature (19.5%), mean diurnal range of temperature (9.8%), annual precipitation (9.4%) and river density (9.2). The validation texts suggest a good model fit, and strong prediction power.

The connectivity analysis revealed that the population in the Hindukush landscape appears to be more connected with the population in Afghanistan as compared to other populations in Pakistan. Similarly, the Pamir-Karakoram population is better connected with China and Tajikistan, while the Himalayan population was with the population in India.

Current study allows for proposing three model landscapes to be considered under GSLEP agenda as regional priority areas, to safeguard safeguard future of the species in the long run. These landsacpes fall in mountain ranges of the Himalaya, Hindu Kush and Karakoram-Pamir, respectively. We also identified gaps in existing protected areas network, and suggest new protected areas in Chitral and Gilgit-Baltistan to protect critical habitats of snow leopard in Pakistan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hameed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Din, J. u.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabir, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Younas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bischof, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawaz, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.27.920975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying Priority Landscapes for Conservation of Snow Leopards in Pakistan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analyses of chromatin interactions after the loss of Pol I, Pol II and Pol III 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.28.923995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe relationship between transcription and the 3D genome organization is one of the most important questions in molecular biology, but the roles of transcription in 3D chromatin remain controversial. Multiple groups showed that transcription affects global Cohesin binding and genome 3D structures. At the same time, several studies have indicated that transcription inhibition does not affect global chromatin interactions.

ResultsHere, we provide the most comprehensive evidence to date to demonstrate that transcription plays a marginal role in organizing the 3D genome in mammalian cells: 1) degraded Pol I, Pol II and Pol III proteins in mESCs, and showed their loss results in little or no changes of global 3D chromatin structures for the first time; 2) selected RNA polymerases high abundance binding sites-associated interactions and found they still persist after the degradation; 3) generated higher resolution chromatin interaction maps and revealed that transcription inhibition mildly alters small loop domains; 4) identified Pol II bound but CTCF and Cohesin unbound loops and disclosed that they are largely resistant to transcription inhibition. Interestingly, Pol II depletion for a longer time significantly affects the chromatin accessibility and Cohesin occupancy, suggesting RNA polymerases are capable of affecting the 3D genome indirectly. So, the direct and indirect effects of transcription inhibition explain the previous confusing effects on the 3D genome.

ConclusionsWe conclude that Pol I, Pol II, and Pol III loss only mildly alter chromatin interactions in mammalian cells, suggesting the 3D chromatin structures are pre-established and relatively stable.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>jiang, y. p.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>huang, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>lun, k. h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, b. y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zheng, h. n.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, y. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhou, r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>duan, w. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>feng, y. q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>yao, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.28.923995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analyses of chromatin interactions after the loss of Pol I, Pol II and Pol III]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Landscape of transcript isoforms in single T cells infiltrating in non-small cell lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.924308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell RNA-seq has enabled high-resolution characterization of molecular signatures of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, analyses at the transcript isoform level are rarely reported. As alternative splicing is critical to T cell differentiation and activation, here we proposed a computational method named as IDEA to comprehensively detect and annotate differentially used isoforms across cell subtypes. We applied IDEA on a scRNA-seq dataset of 12,346 T cells from non-small cell lung cancer. We found most genes tend to dominantly express one isoform in single T cells, enabling typing T cells according to the isotypes given a gene. Isotype analysis suggested that tumor-infiltrating T cells significantly preferred specific isotypes for 245 genes in CD8+ T cells and 456 genes in CD4+ T cells. Functional annotation suggests that the preferred isoforms involved in coding/non-coding switches, transcription start site changes, gains/losses of domains and subcellular translocation. Clonal analysis revealed that isoform switching occurred during T cell activation/differentiation. Our analysis provides precise characterization of the molecular events in tumor-infiltrating T cells and sheds new lights into the regulatory mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.924308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Landscape of transcript isoforms in single T cells infiltrating in non-small cell lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.926105v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposase assisted tagmentation of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.29.926105v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tn5-mediated transposition of double-strand DNA has been widely utilized in various high-throughput sequencing applications. Here, we report that the Tn5 transposase is also capable of direct tagmentation of RNA/DNA hybrids in vitro. As a proof-of-concept application, we utilized this activity to replace the traditional library construction procedure of RNA sequencing, which contains many laborious and time-consuming processes. Results of activity of transposase assisted RNA/DNA hybrids co-tagmentation (termed "ATRAC-seq") are comparable to traditional RNA-seq methods in terms of gene number, gene body coverage and gene expression analysis; at the meantime, ATRAC-seq enables a one-tube library construction protocol and hence is more rapid (within 8 h) and convenient. We expect this tagmentation activity on RNA/DNA hybrids to have broad potentials on RNA biology and chromatin research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.29.926105</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposase assisted tagmentation of RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline genetic contribution to the immune landscape of cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.926527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of germline genetics in shaping the tumor immune landscape is largely unknown. Using genotypes from >9,000 individuals in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we investigated the association of common and rare variants with 139 well-defined immune traits. Our analysis of common variants identified 10 immune traits with significant heritability estimates, and an additional 23 with suggestive heritability, including estimates of T-cell subset abundance and interferon signaling. We performed genome-wide association on the 33 heritable traits and identified 23 genome-wide significant loci associated with at least one immune trait, including SNPs in the IFIH1 locus previously associated with several autoimmune diseases. We also found significant associations between immune traits and pathogenic or likely-pathogenic rare variants in BRCA1 and in genes functionally linked to telomere stabilization, and Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling. We conclude that germline genetic variants significantly impact the composition and functional orientation of the tumor immune microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sayaman, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelands, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokrab, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farshidfar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchhoff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sweis, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bathe, O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porta-Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stretch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huntsman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graff, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radvanyi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shelly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolf, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marincola, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceccarelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziv, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.926527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline genetic contribution to the immune landscape of cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927509v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pial surface CSF-contacting texture, subpial and funicular plexus in the thoracic spinal cord in monkey: NADPH diaphorase histological configuration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927509v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In spinal cord, white matter is distinguished from grey matter in that it contains ascending and descending axonal tracts. While grey matter gets concentrated with neuronal cell bodies. Notable cell bodies and sensory modality of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in white matter are still elusive in certain segment of the spinal cord. Monkey Spinal cord was examined by NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. We found that NADPH-d positive neurons clustered and featured flat plane in mediolateral funiculus in caudal thoracic and rostral lumber spinal cord, especially evident in the horizontal sections. Majority of NADPH-d funicular neurons were relatively large size and moderately-or lightly-stained neurons. In horizontal section, the multipolar processes of the neurons were thicker than that of regular other neurons. The processes oriented laterally or obliquely in the lateral funiculus. Some of neuronal cell bodies and proximal processes attached NADPH-d positive buttons or puncta. The neuronal processes interlaced network medially linked to lateral horn (intermediolateral nucleus, IML) and laterally to subpial region, in which formed subpial plexus with subpial NADPH-d neurons. Subpial plexus appeared to contacting externally with CSF. The subpial plexus patterned like round brackets located in lateromarginal pial surface. Compared with sympathetic IML in rostral thoracic segments and sacral parasympathetic IML, the funicular plexus configurated a specialized neuro-texture in caudal thoracic segments. The dendritic arbor of funicular neuron featured variety geometric plane shapes. The funicular plexus oriented exclusive layered flat-plane organization between lateral horn and subpial region in caudal thoracic and rostral lumber spinal cord. The subpial plexus may work as CSF sensor outside of spinal cord. The cluster of funicular neurons may function as locomotion sensor, besides visceral regulation. Different to periventricular CSF contacting or pericentral canal structures, NADPH-d funicular neurons and subpial plexus that located in the pial surface. With advantage of NADPH-d, we found funicular neurons which termed academically as funicular plexus and specialized localization for subpial structure we termed subpial plexus. The funicular texture was regarded as neuronal bridge between the interior CSF in the central canal and external CSF out of the pial surface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927509</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pial surface CSF-contacting texture, subpial and funicular plexus in the thoracic spinal cord in monkey: NADPH diaphorase histological configuration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927749v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinically applicable histopathological diagnosis system for gastric cancer detection using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.30.927749v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gastric cancer is among the most malignant tumours with the highest incidence and mortality rates. The early detection and accurate histopathological diagnosis of gastric cancer are essential factors that can help increase the chances of successful treatment. While the worldwide shortage of pathologists has imposed burdens on current histopathology services, it also offers a unique opportunity for the use of artificial intelligence assistance systems to alleviate the workload and increase diagnostic accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a clinically applicable histopathological assistance system with high accuracy that can generalize to whole slide images created with diverse digital scanner models from different hospitals. Here, we report a clinically applicable artificial intelligence assistance system developed at the Chinese PLA General Hospital, China, using a deep convolutional neural network trained with 2,123 pixel-level annotated H&amp;E-stained whole slide images. The model achieved a sensitivity near 100% and an average specificity of 80.6% on a real-world test dataset, which included 3,212 whole slide images digitalized with three scanner models. We showed that the system could aid pathologists in improving diagnostic accuracy and preventing misdiagnoses. Moreover, we demonstrated that our system could perform robustly with 1,582 whole slide images from two other medical centres. Our study suggests the feasibility and benefits of using histopathological artificial intelligence assistance systems in routine practice scenarios.Competing Interest StatementXiaoqing Zhang is the founder of Thorough Images. Shuhao Wang is the co-founder and chief technology officer (CTO) of Thorough Images. Calvin Ku, Cancheng Liu, Zhuo Sun, Gang Xu, Yuefeng Wang are algorithm researchers of Thorough Images. All remaining authors have declared no conflicts of interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927749</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinically applicable histopathological diagnosis system for gastric cancer detection using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.926295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The hidden cost of receiving favors: A theory of indebtedness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.926295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Receiving help or a favor from another person can sometimes have a hidden cost for the beneficiary. In this study, we explore these hidden costs by developing and validating a conceptual model of indebtedness across three studies that combine a large scale online questionnaire, an interpersonal game, computational modeling, and neuroimaging. Our model captures how individuals perceive the altruistic and strategic intentions of the benefactor. These inferences produce distinct feelings of guilt and obligation that together comprise indebtedness and motivate reciprocity. Perceived altruistic intentions convey care and concern and are associated with activity in insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, while inferred strategic intentions convey expectations of future reciprocity and are associated with activation in temporal parietal junction and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. We further develop a neural utility model of indebtedness using multivariate patterns of brain activity that captures the tradeoff between these feelings and reliably predicts reciprocity behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.926295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The hidden cost of receiving favors: A theory of indebtedness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DPHL: A pan-human protein mass spectrometry library for robust biomarker discovery using Data-Independent Acquisition and Parallel Reaction Monitoring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.03.931329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To answer the increasing need for detecting and validating protein biomarkers in clinical specimens, proteomic techniques are required that support the fast, reproducible and quantitative analysis of large clinical sample cohorts. Targeted mass spectrometry techniques, specifically SRM, PRM and the massively parallel SWATH/DIA technique have emerged as a powerful method for biomarker research. For optimal performance, they require prior knowledge about the fragment ion spectra of targeted peptides. In this report, we describe a mass spectrometric (MS) pipeline and spectral resource to support data-independent acquisition (DIA) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) based biomarker studies. To build the spectral resource we integrated common open-source MS computational tools to assemble an open source computational workflow based on Docker. It was then applied to generate a comprehensive DIA pan-human library (DPHL) from 1,096 data dependent acquisition (DDA) MS raw files, and it comprises 242,476 unique peptide sequences from 14,782 protein groups and 10,943 SwissProt-annotated proteins expressed in 16 types of cancer samples. In particular, tissue specimens from patients with prostate cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell lung carcinoma, diseased thyroid, glioblastoma multiforme, sarcoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as plasma samples from a range of hematologic malignancies were collected from multiple clinics in China, the Netherlands and Singapore and included in the resource. This extensive spectral resource was then applied to a prostate cancer cohort of 17 patients, consisting of 8 patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and 9 with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), respectively. Data analysis of DIA data from these samples identified differential expressions of FASN, TPP1 and SPON2 in prostate tumors. Thereafter, PRM validation was applied to a larger PCa cohort of 57 patients and the differential expressions of FASN, TPP1 and SPON2 in prostate tumors were validated. As a second application, the DPHL spectral resource was applied to a patient cohort consisting of samples from 19 DLBCL patients and 18 healthy individuals. Differential expressions of CRP, CD44 and SAA1 between DLBCL cases and healthy controls were detected by DIA-MS and confirmed by PRM. These data demonstrate that the DPHL supported that DIA-PRM MS pipeline enables robust protein biomarker discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piersma, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schelfhorst, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haas, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bijnsdorp, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houdt, W. J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Large, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojtuszkiewicz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koppers-Lalic, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bottger, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheepbouwer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brakenhoff, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leenders, G. J. L. H. v.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijzermans, J. N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, J. W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenbergen, R. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grieken, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvarajan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantoo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeow, S. J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkaff, S. M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.03.931329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DPHL: A pan-human protein mass spectrometry library for robust biomarker discovery using Data-Independent Acquisition and Parallel Reaction Monitoring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.936856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluctuation, correlation and perturbation-response behavior of nature-made and artificial nanobodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.06.936856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanobodies, like other antibodies bind their targets through complementarity determining regions (CDRs). Improving nanobody-antigen binding affinities by introducing mutations in these CDRs is critical for biotechnological applications. However, any mutation is expected to introduce changes in the behavior of the protein, such as fluctuations of residues, correlation of fluctuations of residue pairs, response of a residue to perturbation of another. Most importantly, the nanoscale dynamics of the protein may change. In these respects, the problem is similar to the general problem of dynamic allostery, a perturbation at one site affecting the response at another site. Using the Gaussian Network Model of proteins, we show that CDR mutations indeed modify the fluctuation profile and dynamics of the nanobody. Effects are not confined to CDR regions but extend throughout the full structure. We introduce a computational scheme where fluctuations of a residue are perturbed by a force and response amplitude and response time of the remaining residues are determined. Response to a perturbation of a residue shows a synchronous and an asynchronous component. The model is used to quantify the effects of mutation on protein dynamics: highly perturbable residues and highly responsive residues of the nanobody are determined. Residues whose perturbation has no effect on protein behavior may also be determined with the present model. Three known nanobodies produced by nature are used as an illustrative example and their various modifications which we generated by CDR residue mutations are analyzed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkip, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.06.936856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluctuation, correlation and perturbation-response behavior of nature-made and artificial nanobodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.941658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acute inhibition of centriolar satellite function and positioning reveals their functions at the primary cilium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.941658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites are dynamic, membrane-less granules composed of over 200 proteins. They store, modify, and traffic centrosome and primary cilium proteins, and help to regulate both the biogenesis and some functions of centrosomes and cilium. In most cell types, satellites cluster around the perinuclear centrosome, but their integrity and cellular distribution are dynamically remodeled in response to different stimuli, such as cell cycle cues. Dissecting the specific and temporal functions and mechanisms of satellites and how these are influenced by their cellular positioning and dynamics has been challenging using genetic approaches, particularly in ciliated and proliferating cells. To address this, we developed a chemical-based trafficking assay to rapidly and efficiently redistribute satellites to either the cell periphery or center, and fuse them into stable clusters in a temporally-controlled way. Induced satellite clustering at either the periphery or center resulted in antagonistic changes in the pericentrosomal levels of a subset of proteins, revealing a direct role for their positioning in protein targeting and sequestration. Systematic analysis of the interactome of peripheral satellite clusters revealed enrichment of proteins implicated in cilium biogenesis and mitosis. Importantly, inducible peripheral satellite targeting in ciliated cells revealed a function for satellites not just for efficient cilium assembly, but also in the maintenance of steady-state cilia and in cilia disassembly by regulating the structural integrity of the ciliary axoneme. Finally, although perturbing satellite distribution and dynamics inhibited their mitotic dissolution, it did not cause mitotic defects. Collectively, our results for the first time showed a direct link between satellite functions and their pericentrosomal clustering, and provided a new tool for probing temporal satellite functions in different contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aydin, O. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taflan, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurkaslar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.941658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acute inhibition of centriolar satellite function and positioning reveals their functions at the primary cilium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-read Individual-molecule Sequencing Reveals CRISPR-induced Genetic Heterogeneity in Human ESCs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.10.942151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately quantifying the genetic heterogeneity of a cell population is essential to understanding of biological systems. We develop a universal method to label individual DNA molecules for analyzing diverse types of rare genetic variants, with frequency as low as 4x10-5, using short- or long-read sequencing. It enables base-resolution haplotype-resolved quantitative characterization of rare variants. It provides the first quantitative evidence of persistent nonrandom large deletions and insertions following DNA repair of double-strand breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in human pluripotent stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.942151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-read Individual-molecule Sequencing Reveals CRISPR-induced Genetic Heterogeneity in Human ESCs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into secretory immunoglobulin A and its interaction with a pneumococcal adhesin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.11.943233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the most abundant antibody at the mucosal surface. SIgA possesses two additional subunits besides IgA: the joining chain (J-chain) and secretory component (SC). SC is the ectodomain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which functions to transport IgA to the mucosa. The underlying mechanism of how the J-chain and pIgR/SC facilitates the assembly and secretion of SIgA remains to be understood. During the infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pneumococcal adhesin SpsA hijacks SIgA and unliganded pIgR/SC to evade host defense and gain entry to human cells. How SpsA specifically targets SIgA and pIgR/SC also remains unclear. Here we report a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Fc region of human IgA1 (Fc) in complex with J-chain and SC (Fc-J-SC), which reveals the organization principle of SIgA. We also present the structure of Fc-J-SC in complex with SpsA, which uncovers the specific interaction between SpsA and human pIgR/SC. These results advance the molecular understanding of SIgA and shed light on the pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.11.943233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into secretory immunoglobulin A and its interaction with a pneumococcal adhesin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral duplicated DL/CRC orthologs display function on orchid reproductive organ innovation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.945865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The orchid flower is renowned for complexity of flower organ morphogenesis and has attracted great interest from scientists. The YABBY genes encode plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in vegetative and reproductive development in seed plants. DROOPING LEAF/CRABS CLAW (DL/CRC) orthologs are involved in reproductive organ development (especially carpels) of angiosperms. Orchid gynostemium (the fused organ of the androecium and gynoecium) and ovule development are unique developmental processes. Understanding the DL/CRC-like genes controlling the developmental program of the gynostemium and ovule could provide accessible information for reproductive organ molecular regulation in orchids. Two DL/CRC-like genes, named PeDL1 and PeDL2, were cloned from Phalaenopsis equestris. The orchid DL/CRC forms a monophyletic clade with two subclades including AshDL, PeDL1 and DcaDL1 in subclade I, and PeDL2 and DcaDL2 in subclade II. The temporal and spatial expression analysis indicated PeDL genes are specifically expressed in the gynostemium and at the early stages of ovule development. Both PeDLs could partially complement an Arabidopsis crc-1 mutant. Transient overexpression of PeDL1 in Phalaenopsis orchids caused abnormal development of ovule and stigmatic cavity of gynostemium. PeDL1, instead of PeDL2, could form a heterodimer with PeCIN8. Paralogue retention and subsequent divergence of the gene sequence of PeDL1 and PeDL2 in P. equestris might result in the differentiation of function and protein behaviors. These results reveal the important roles of PeDLs involved in orchid gynostemium and ovule development and provide new insights for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying orchid reproductive organ development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitsuda, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.945865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral duplicated DL/CRC orthologs display function on orchid reproductive organ innovation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.946491v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of Small Molecule MEIS Inhibitors that modulate HSC activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.12.946491v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meis1, which belongs to TALE-type class of homeobox gene family, appeared as one of the key regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and a potential therapeutical target. However, small molecule inhibitors of MEIS1 remained unknown. This led us to develop inhibitors of MEIS1 that could modulate HSC activity. To this end, we have established a library of relevant homeobox family inhibitors and developed a high-throughput in silico screening strategy against homeodomain of MEIS proteins using the AutoDock Vina and PaDEL-ADV platform. We have screened over a million druggable small molecules in silico and selected putative MEIS inhibitors (MEISi) with no predicted cytotoxicity or cardiotoxicity. This was followed by in vitro validation of putative MEIS inhibitors using MEIS dependent luciferase reporter assays and analysis in the ex vivo HSC assays. We have shown that small molecules named MEISi-1 and MEISi-2 significantly inhibit MEIS-luciferase reporters in vitro and induce murine (LSKCD34low cells) and human (CD34+, CD133+, and ALDHhi cells) HSC self-renewal ex vivo. In addition, inhibition of MEIS proteins results in downregulation of Meis1 and MEIS1 target gene expression including Hif-1, Hif-2 and HSC quiescence modulators. MEIS inhibitors are effective in vivo as evident by induced HSC content in the murine bone marrow and downregulation of expression of MEIS target genes. These studies warrant identification of first-in-class MEIS inhibitors as potential pharmaceuticals to be utilized in modulation of HSC activity and bone marrow transplantation studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turan, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albayrak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uslu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siyah, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alyazici, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalkan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aslan, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yucel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksoz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuysuz, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meric, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulbas, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocabas, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.12.946491</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of Small Molecule MEIS Inhibitors that modulate HSC activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reconstruction of cell spatial organization based on ligand-receptor mediated self-assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.13.948521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized transcriptomic studies by providing unprecedented cellular and molecular throughputs, but spatial information of individual cells is lost during tissue dissociation. While imaging-based technologies such as in situ sequencing show great promise, technical difficulties currently limit their wide usage. Since cellular spatial organization is inherently encoded by cell identity and can be reconstructed, at least in part, by ligand-receptor interactions, here we present CSOmap, a computational strategy to infer cellular interaction from scRNA-seq. We show that CSOmap can successfully recapitulate the spatial organization of tumor microenvironments for multiple cancers and reveal molecular determinants of cellular interactions. Further, CSOmap readily simulates perturbation of genes or cell types to gain novel biological insights, especially into how immune cells interact in the tumor microenvironment. CSOmap can be widely applicable to interrogate cellular organizations based on scRNA-seq data for various tissues in diverse systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sun, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.948521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reconstruction of cell spatial organization based on ligand-receptor mediated self-assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.950295v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Atomic-scale Molecular Diffusion of a Plant Transcription Factor WRKY domain protein along DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.14.950295v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor (TF) target search on genome is highly essential for gene expression and regulation. High-resolution determination of TF diffusion along DNA remains technically challenging. Here we constructed a TF model system of the plant WRKY domain protein in complex with DNA from crystallography and demonstrated microsecond diffusion dynamics of WRKY on the DNA employing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Notably, we found that WRKY preferentially binds to the Crick strand of DNA with significantly stronger energetic association than to the Watson strand. The preferential binding becomes highly prominent from non-specific to specific DNA binding, but less distinct from static binding to diffusive movements of WRKY on the DNA. Remarkably, without employing acceleration forces or bias, we captured a complete one-base pair (bp) stepping cycle of WRKY tracking along major groove of DNA with homogenous (AT)n sequence, as individual protein-DNA contacts break and reform at the binding interface. Continuous tracking of WRKY forward or backward, with occasional sliding as well as strand crossing to the minor groove of DNA, have also been captured in the simulation. The processive diffusion of WRKY had been confirmed by accompanied single-molecule fluorescence assays and coarse-grained (CG) structural simulations. The study thus provides unprecedented structural dynamics details on the TF diffusion, suggests how TF possibly approaches to gene target, and supports further high-precision experimental follow-up. The stochastic movements revealed in the TF diffusion also provide general clues on how other nucleic acid walkers step and slide along DNA.

Significance StatementHow transcription factors search for target genes impact on how quickly and accurately the genes are transcribed and expressed. To locate target sufficiently fast, 1D diffusion of the protein along DNA appears essential. Experimentally, it remains challenging to determine diffusional steps of protein on DNA. Here, we report all-atom equilibrium simulations of a WRKY protein binding and diffusing on DNA, revealing structural dynamics details which have not been identified previously. We unprecedently demonstrate a complete stepping cycle of the protein for one base pair on DNA within microseconds, along with stochastic stepping or sliding, directional switching, and strand crossing. Additionally, we have found preferential DNA strand association of WRKY. These suggest how protein factors approach toward target DNA sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.14.950295</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Atomic-scale Molecular Diffusion of a Plant Transcription Factor WRKY domain protein along DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.15.950584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Infrared heater warming system markedly reduces dew formation: An overlooked factor in arid ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.15.950584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dew plays a vital role in ecosystem processes in arid and semi-arid regions and is expected to be affected by climate warming. Infrared heater warming systems have been widely used to simulate climate warming effects on ecosystem. However, how this warming system affects dew formation has been long ignored and rarely addressed. In a typical alpine grassland ecosystem on the Northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, we measured dew amount and duration by artificial condensing surfaces, leaf wetness sensors and in situ dew formation on plants from 2012 to 2017. We also measured plant traits related to dew conditions. The results showed that (1) warming reduced the dew amount by 41.6%-91.1% depending on the measurement method, and reduced dew duration by 32.1 days compared to the ambient condition. (2) Different plant functional groups differed in dew formation. (3) Under the infrared warming treatment, the dew amount decreased with plant height, while under the ambient conditions, the dew amount showed the opposite trend. We concluded that warming with an infrared heater system greatly reduces dew formation, and if ignored, it may lead to overestimation of the effects of climate warming on ecosystem processes in climate change simulation studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>FENG, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shangguan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.15.950584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Infrared heater warming system markedly reduces dew formation: An overlooked factor in arid ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.953141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Basal forebrain-derived acetylcholine encodes valence-free reinforcement prediction error. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.17.953141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acetylcholine (Ach) is released by the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) throughout the cortical mantle and is implicated in behavioral functions ranging from arousal to attention to learning. Yet what signal ACh provides to cortex remains unresolved, hindering our understanding of its functional roles. Here we demonstrate that the CBF signals unsigned reinforcement prediction error, in contrast to dopamine (DA) neurons that encode reward prediction error. We show that both CBF neuronal activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release at cortical targets signal reinforcement delivery, acquire responses to predictive stimuli and show diminished responses to expected outcomes, hallmarks of a prediction error. To compare ACh with DA, we simultaneously monitored the activity of both neuromodulators during a serial reversal learning task. ACh tracked learning as swiftly as DA during acquisition but lagged slightly during extinction, suggesting that these neuromodulators play complementary roles in reinforcement as their patterns of innervation, cellular targets, and signaling mechanisms are themselves complementary. Through retrograde viral tracing we show that the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems engage overlapping upstream circuits, accounting for their coordination during learning. This predictive and valence-free signal explains how ACh can proactively and retroactively improve the processing of behaviorally important stimuli, be they good or bad.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sturgill, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hegedüs, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chevy, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siebels, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hangya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepecs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.17.953141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Basal forebrain-derived acetylcholine encodes valence-free reinforcement prediction error.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmon-Coupled Photocapacitor Neuromodulators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.18.953604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient transduction of optical energy to bioelectrical stimuli is an important goal for effective communication with biological systems. For that plasmonics has significant potential via boosting the light-matter interactions. However, plasmonics has been primarily used for heat-induced cell stimulation due to membrane capacitance change (i.e., optocapacitance). Instead, here we demonstrate that plasmonic coupling to photocapacitor biointerfaces improves safe and efficacious neuromodulating displacement charges for an average of 185% in the entire visible spectrum while maintaining the Faradaic currents below 1%. Hot-electron injection dominantly leads the enhancement of displacement current at blue spectral window, and nanoantenna effect is mainly responsible for the improvement at red-spectral region. The plasmonic photocapacitor facilitates wireless modulation of single cells at 3-orders of magnitude below the maximum retinal intensity levels corresponding to one of the most sensitive optoelectronic neural interfaces. This study introduces a new way of using plasmonics for safe and effective photostimulation of neurons and paves the way toward ultra-sensitive plasmon-assisted neurostimulation devices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Melikov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatum, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogru, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahmani Jalali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikbas, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulgut, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizamoglu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.18.953604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmon-Coupled Photocapacitor Neuromodulators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.957142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome Wide Analysis of Dinucleotide Distribution along the Genomes of Species and its Biological Implication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.957142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dinucleotide densities and their distribution patterns vary significantly among species. Previous studies revealed that CpG is susceptible to methylation, enriched at topologically associating domains (TADs) boundaries and its distribution along the genome correlates with chromatin compartmentalization. However, the multi-scale organizations of CpG in the linear genome, their role in chromatin organization, and how they change along the evolution are only partially understood. By comparing the CpG distribution at different genomic length scales, we quantify the difference between the CpG distributions of different species and evaluate how the hierarchical uneven CpG distribution appears in evolution. The clustering of species based on the CpG distribution is consistent with the phylogenetic tree. Interestingly, we found the CpG distribution and chromatin structure to be correlated in many different length scales, especially for mammals and avians, consistent with the mosaic CpG distribution in the genomes of these species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.20.957142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome Wide Analysis of Dinucleotide Distribution along the Genomes of Species and its Biological Implication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.23.961573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Parameterization of Protein-DNA Interactions for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of PCNA Diffusion on DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.23.961573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here, we quantitatively evaluate the accuracy of the protein-DNA interactions in AMBER and CHARMM force fields by comparing experimental and simulated diffusion coefficients of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We find that both force fields underestimate diffusion coefficients by at least an order of magnitude because the interactions between basic amino acids and DNA phosphate groups are too attractive. Then, we propose Lennard-Jones parameters optimized using the experimental osmotic pressure data of model chemicals, by using which one can reproduce the experimental diffusion coefficients. Newly optimized parameters will have a broad impact on general protein-DNA interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>You, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.23.961573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Parameterization of Protein-DNA Interactions for Molecular Dynamics Simulations of PCNA Diffusion on DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.962282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically encoded GRAB sensor for measuring serotonin dynamics in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.24.962282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serotonin (5-HT) is a phylogenetically conserved monoamine neurotransmitter modulating a variety of processes in the brain. To directly visualize the dynamics of 5-HT, we developed a genetically encoded GPCR-Activation-Based 5-HT (GRAB5-HT) sensor with high sensitivity, selectivity, and spatiotemporal resolution. GRAB5-HT, detected 5-HT release in multiple physiological and pathological conditions in both flies and mice, and thus provides new insights into the dynamics and mechanisms of 5-HT signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.24.962282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically encoded GRAB sensor for measuring serotonin dynamics in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Key histone chaperones have distinct roles in replisome progression and genomic stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.25.964221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Replication-coupled (RC) nucleosome assembly is an essential process in eukaryotic cells in order to maintain chromatin structure during DNA replication. The deposition of newly synthesized H3/H4 histones during DNA replication is facilitated by specialized histone chaperones. Although the contribution of these histone chaperones to genomic stability has been thoroughly investigated, their effect on replisome progression is much less understood. By exploiting a time-lapse microscopy system for monitoring DNA replication in individual live cells, we examined how mutations in key histone chaperones including CAC1, RTT106, RTT109 and ASF1, affect replication fork progression. Our experiments revealed that mutations in CAC1 or RTT106 that directly deposit histones on the DNA, slowdown replication fork progression. In contrast, analysis of cells mutated in the intermediary ASF1 or RTT109 histone chaperones revealed that replisome progression is not affected. We found that mutations in histone chaperones including ASF1 and RTT109 lead to extended G2/M duration, elevated number of RPA foci and in some cases, increased spontaneous mutation rate. Our research suggests that histone chaperones have distinct roles in enabling high replisome progression and maintaining genome stability during cell cycle progression.

Author SummaryHistone chaperones (HC) play key roles in maintaining the chromatin structure during DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Despite extensive studies on HCs, little is known regarding their importance for replication fork progression during S-phase. Here, we utilized a live-cell imaging approach to measure the progression rates of single replication forks in individual yeast cells mutated in key histone chaperones. Using this approach, we show that mutations in CAC1 or RTT106 HCs that directly deposit histones on the DNA lead to slowdown of replication fork progression. In contrast, mutations in ASF1 or RTT109 HCs that transfers H3/H4 to CAC1 or RTT106, do not affect replisome progression but lead to post replication defects. Our results reveal distinct functions of HCs in replication fork progression and maintaining genome stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsirkas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dovrat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalyva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lotysh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aharoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.02.25.964221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Key histone chaperones have distinct roles in replisome progression and genomic stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Automatic encoding of a view-centered background image in the macaque temporal lobe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual processing along the ventral visual pathway to the hippocampus is hypothesized to be substantiated by signal transformation from retinotopic space to relational space, which represents interrelations among constituent visual elements. However, our visual perception necessarily reflects the first persons perspective based on the retinotopic space. To investigate this two-facedness of visual perception, we compared neural activities in the temporal lobe (anterior inferotemporal cortex, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices, and hippocampus) between when monkeys gazed on an object and when they fixated on the screen center with an object in their peripheral vision. We found that in addition to the spatially invariant object signal, the temporal lobe areas automatically represent a large-scale background image, which specify the subjects viewing location. These results suggest that a combination of two distinct visual signals on relational space and retinotopic space may provide the first persons perspective serving for perception and presumably subsequent episodic memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.971507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Automatic encoding of a view-centered background image in the macaque temporal lobe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic cell-derived BMPs induce male germ cell meiosis initiation during embryonic stage via regulating Dazl expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.01.971937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germ cell fate is believed to be determined by the signaling from sexually differentiated somatic cell. However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, ectopic initiation of meiosis in male germ cells was observed during embryonic stage by over-activating CTNNB1 in Sertoli cells. Somatic cell transcriptome and single germ cell RNA-seq analysis indicated that TGF-{beta} signaling was activated after CTNNB1 over-activation. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed somatic cell-derived BMPs played crucial roles in germ cell meiosis initiation. Further studies revealed that Dazl was significantly increased in germ cells of CTNNB1 over-activated testes and induced by BMP signaling. DNMT3a and DNA methylation was also reduced in germ cells of CTNNB1 over-activated testes and increased by BMP signaling inhibitor treatment. Taken together, this study demonstrates that germ cell fate could be reprogrammed after sex determination. BMP signaling pathway is involved in germ cell meiosis initiation via up-regulating Dazl expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.01.971937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic cell-derived BMPs induce male germ cell meiosis initiation during embryonic stage via regulating Dazl expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.963959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amorphous nickel titanium alloy film: a new choice for cryo electron microscopy sample preparation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.02.963959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) has become one of the most important approach for structural biology. However, barriers are still there for an increase successful rate, a better resolution and improved efficiency from sample preparation, data collection to image processing. CryoEM sample preparation is one of the bottlenecks with many efforts made recently, including the optimization of supporting substrate (e.g. ultra-thin carbon, graphene, pure gold, 2d crystal of streptavidin, and affinity modification), which was aimed to solve air-water interface problem, or reduce beam induced motion (BIM), or change particle distribution in the grid hole. Here, we report another effort of developing a new supporting substrate, the amorphous nickel-titanium alloy (ANTA) film, for cryoEM sample preparation. Our investigations showed advantages of ANTA film in comparison with conventional carbon film, including superior electron conductivity and trace non-specific interaction with protein. These advantages yield less BIM and significantly improved particle distribution during cryoEM experiment of human apo-ferritn, thus resulting an improved reconstruction resolution from a reduced number of micrographs and particles. Unlike the pure gold film, the usage of the ANTA film is just same with the carbon film, compatible to conventional automatic cryoEM data collection procedure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.02.963959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amorphous nickel titanium alloy film: a new choice for cryo electron microscopy sample preparation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.972455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid & reversable mutations generate subclonal genetic diversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.03.972455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most genetic changes have negligible reversion rates. As most mutations that confer resistance to an adversary condition (e.g., drug treatment) also confer a growth defect in its absence, it is challenging for cells to genetically adapt to transient environmental changes. Here we identify a set of rapidly reversible drug resistance mutations in S. pombe that are caused by Microhomology mediated Tandem Duplication (MTD), and reversion back to the wild-type sequence. Using 10,000x coverage whole-genome sequencing we identify near 6000 subclonal MTDs in a single clonal population, and determine using machine learning how MTD frequency is encoded in genome. We find that sequences with the highest predicted MTD rates tend to generate insertions that maintain the correct reading frame suggesting that MTD formation has shaped the evolution of coding sequences. Our study reveals a common mechanism of reversible genetic variation that is beneficial for adaptation to environmental fluctuations and facilitates evolutionary divergence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.972455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid & reversable mutations generate subclonal genetic diversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.976803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MosaicBase: A Knowledgebase of Postzygotic Mosaic Variants in Noncancer Diseases and Asymptomatic Human Individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.04.976803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mosaic variants resulting from postzygotic mutations are prevalent in the human genome and play important roles in human diseases. However, except for cancer-related variant collections, there are no collections of mosaic variants in noncancer diseases and asymptomatic individuals. Here, we present MosaicBase (http://mosaicbase.cbi.pku.edu.cn/ or http://49.4.21.8:8000/), a comprehensive database that includes 6,698 mosaic variants related to 269 noncancer diseases and 27,991 mosaic variants identified in 422 asymptomatic individuals. The genomic and phenotypic information for each variant was manually extracted and curated from 383 publications. MosaicBase supports the query of variants with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) entries, genomic coordinates, gene symbols, or Entrez IDs. We also provide an integrated genome browser for users to easily access mosaic variants and their related annotations within any genomic region. By analyzing the variants collected in MosaicBase, we found that mosaic variants that directly contribute to disease phenotype showed features distinct from those of variants in individuals with a mild or no phenotype in terms of their genomic distribution, mutation signatures, and fraction of mutant cells. MosaicBase will not only assist clinicians in genetic counseling and diagnosis but also provide a useful resource to understand the genomic baseline of postzygotic mutations in the general human population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.04.976803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MosaicBase: A Knowledgebase of Postzygotic Mosaic Variants in Noncancer Diseases and Asymptomatic Human Individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.08.982355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal cells integrate past memory and present perception for the future 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.08.982355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to use stored information in a highly flexible manner is a defining feature of the declarative memory system. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying this flexibility are poorly understood. To address this question, we recorded single-unit activity from the hippocampus of two non-human primates performing a newly devised task requiring the monkeys to retrieve long-term item-location association memory and then use it flexibly in different circumstances. We found that hippocampal neurons signaled both mnemonic information representing the retrieved location and perceptual information representing the external circumstance. The two signals were combined at a single-neuron level to construct goal-directed information by three sequentially occurring neuronal operations (e.g., convergence, transference, targeting) in the hippocampus. Thus, flexible use of knowledge may be supported by the hippocampal constructive process linking memory and perception, which may fit the mnemonic information into the current situation to present manageable information for a subsequent action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.08.982355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal cells integrate past memory and present perception for the future]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.983742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying temperature compensation of Bicoid gradients with a fast T-tunable microfluidic device 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.09.983742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a reaction-diffusion system strongly affected by temperature, the early fly embryos surprisingly show highly reproducible and accurate developmental patterns during embryogenesis under temperature perturbations. To reveal the underlying temperature compensation mechanism, it is important to overcome the challenge in quantitative imaging on fly embryos under temperature perturbations. Inspired by a microfluidics generating temperature steps on fly embryos, here we design a microfluidic device capable of ensuring the normal development of multiple fly embryos as well as achieving real-time temperature control and fast temperature jumps for quantitative live imaging with a home-built two-photon microscope. We apply this system to quantify the temperature compensation of the morphogen Bicoid (Bcd) gradient in fly embryos. The length constant of the exponential Bcd gradient reaches the maximum at 25 {degrees}C within the measured temperatures of 18-29 {degrees}C and gradually adapts to the corresponding value at new temperatures upon a fast temperature switch. Such an adaption decreases to a less degree if temperature is switched in a later developmental stage. This age-dependent temperature compensation could not be explained with the traditional synthesis-diffusion-degradation (SDD) model assuming the static parameters but an extended SDD model incorporating the dynamic change of the parameters controlling the formation of Bcd gradients.

SIGNIFICANCEThermal robustness is important for biological systems experiencing temperature fluctuations. To reveal the temperature compensation mechanism, the fruit fly embryo is an ideal model system. It is intriguing how the early fly embryo achieves highly reproducible and accurate patterning despite it is a reaction-diffusion system strongly affected by temperature. However, it has been challenging to quantitatively measure the developmental patterns in fly embryos under temperature perturbations. To overcome this problem, we construct a fast temperature tunable microfluidic device for fly embryos. Combining quantitative imaging with this device and mathematical modeling, we successfully quantify the temperature response of the morphogen Bicoid (Bcd) gradient and reveal that the temperature compensation for the Bcd gradient is stronger in the later developmental stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.09.983742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying temperature compensation of Bicoid gradients with a fast T-tunable microfluidic device]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.984872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A quasi-paired cohort strategy reveals the impaired detoxifying function of microbes in the gut of autistic children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.984872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growing evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly associated with dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. However, results of metagenome-based microbiome studies are not always consistent due to great individual diversity that overwhelms disease-associated alterations. Here, we proposed a novel analysis strategy--quasi-paired cohort and applied it to a metagenomic study of ASD microbiomes. By comparing the paired samples of ASD and neurotypical subjects, we identified significant deficiencies in ASD children in detoxifying enzymes and pathways, which showed strong correlations to mitochondrial damage. Diagnostic models with these detoxifying enzymes accurately discriminated ASD individuals from controls, and the dysfunction score inferred from the model increased with the clinical rating scores of ASD. Conclusively, our findings suggest a previously undiscovered mechanism in which impaired microbial detoxification leads to toxicant accumulation and mitochondrion damage contributes to the pathogenesis of ASD. This novel mechanism points to future therapeutic strategies of rebuilding microbial detoxification for ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.10.984872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A quasi-paired cohort strategy reveals the impaired detoxifying function of microbes in the gut of autistic children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.986786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Consensus-seeking and conflict-resolving -an fMRI study on college couples shopping interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.986786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the typical campus scenes is the social interaction between college couples, and the lesson couples must keep learning is to adapt to each other. This fMRI study investigated the shopping interactions of 30 college couples, one lying inside and the other outside the scanner, beholding the same item from two connected PCs, making preference ratings and subsequent buy/not-buy decisions. The behavioral results showed the clear modulation of significant others preferences onto ones own decisions, and the contrast of the "shop-together vs. shop-alone", and the "congruent (both liked or disliked the item, 68%) vs. incongruent (one liked but the other disliked, and vice versa)" together trials, both revealed bilateral temporal parietal junction (TPJ) among other reward-related regions, likely reflecting mentalizing during preference harmony. Moreover, when contrasting "own-high/other-low vs. own-low/other-high" incongruent trials, left anterior inferior parietal lobule (l-aIPL) was parametrically mapped, and the "yield (e.g., own-high/not-buy) vs. insist (e.g., own-low/not-buy)" modulation further revealed left lateral-IPL (l-lIPL), together with left TPJ forming a local social decision network that was further constrained by the mediation analysis among left TPJ-lIPL-aIPL. In sum, these results exemplify, via the two-person fMRI, the neural substrate of shopping interactions between couples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.11.986786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Consensus-seeking and conflict-resolving -an fMRI study on college couples shopping interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.988253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Three-dimensional genome structure and chromatin accessibility reorganization during in vivo induction of human T cell tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.988253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Achieving T cell tolerance is a pivotal goal for the field of transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Here, we characterized the gene expression profiles, 3D genome architecture and chromatin accessibility in human steady-state and tolerant T cells, which had been induced in healthy donors by granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in vivo. We provided the first high-resolution 3D genomic landscape of human tolerant T cells in vivo and identified highly expressed suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which is essential for maintaining T cell tolerance and was validated by ex vivo experiments. Mechanistically, SOCS1 is activated by STAT3, which mediates a new interaction between the SOCS1 locus and downstream super-enhancers and is accompanied by the disruption of the CTCF loop between the SOCS1 locus and upstream heterochromatin. This competitive regulation pattern between STAT3 and CTCF is present in the whole genome. Our study defines a regulatory model of transcription factors and provides insight into the induction of immune tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.11.988253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Three-dimensional genome structure and chromatin accessibility reorganization during in vivo induction of human T cell tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.988279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D Genome Analysis Identifies Enhancer Hijacking Mechanism for High-Risk Factors in Human T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.988279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D genome alterations play important roles in tumorigenesis1-3, including the development of hematological malignancies4-7. However, how such alterations may provide key insights into T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients is largely unknown. Here, we report integrated analyses of 3D genome alterations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 18 newly diagnosed T-ALL patients and 4 healthy T cell controls. We found that 3D genome organization at the compartment, topologically associated domains (TAD) and loop levels as well as the gene expression profiles could hierarchically classify different subtypes of T-ALL according to the T cell differentiation trajectory. Alterations in the 3D genome were associated with nearly 45% of the upregulated genes in T-ALL. We also identified 34 previously unrecognized translocations in the noncoding regions of the genome and 44 new loops formed between translocated chromosomes, including translocation-mediated enhancer hijacking of the HOXA cluster. Our analysis demonstrated that T-ALLs with HOXA cluster overexpression were heterogeneous clinical entities, and ectopic expressions of the HOXA11-A13 genes, but not other genes in the HOXA cluster, were associated with immature phenotypes and poor outcomes. Our findings highlight the potentially important roles of 3D genome alterations in the etiology and prognosis of T-ALL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.11.988279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D Genome Analysis Identifies Enhancer Hijacking Mechanism for High-Risk Factors in Human T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.992305v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of a P4-ATPase lipid flippase in lipid bilayers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.14.992305v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 4 P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are a group of key enzymes maintaining lipid asymmetry of eukaryotic membranes. Phospholipids are actively and selectively flipped by P4-ATPases from the exoplasmic leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet. How lipid flipping is coupled with ATP-hydrolysis by P4-ATPases is poorly understood. Here, we report the electron cryo-microscopy structures of a P4-ATPase, Dnf1-Cdc50 from Chaetomium thermophilum, which had been reconstituted into lipid nanodiscs and captured in two transport intermediate states. The structures reveal that transmembrane segment 1 of Dnf1 becomes highly flexible during lipid transport. The local lipid bilayers are distorted to facilitate the entry of the phospholipid substrates from the exoplasmic leaflet to a cross-membrane groove. During transport, the lipid substrates are relayed through four binding sites in the groove which constantly shields the lipid polar heads away from the hydrophobic environment of the membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.14.992305</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of a P4-ATPase lipid flippase in lipid bilayers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.986497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in autism spectrum disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.15.986497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenetic and environmental factors, alone or in combination, contribute to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although many protein-coding genes have now been identified as disease risk genes for ASD, a detailed illustration of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with ASD remains elusive. In this study, our aim was to identify ASD-related lncRNAs and explore their functions and associated biological pathways in autism.

MethodsASD-related lncRNAs were identified based on genomic variant data of individuals with ASD from a twin study, and further validated using an independent copy number variant (CNV) dataset. The functions and associated biological pathways of ASD-related lncRNAs were explored by enrichment analysis of three different types of functional neighbor genes (i.e. genomic neighbors, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) neighbors and gene co-expression neighbors in the cortex). The differential functions of ASD-related lncRNAs in distinct brain regions were demonstrated by using gene co-expression network analysis based on tissue-specific gene expression profiles. Moreover, a functional network analysis were conducted for highly reliable functional neighbor genes of ASD-related lncRNAs. Finally, several potential drugs were predicted based on the enrichment of drug-induced pathway sets in ASD-altered biological pathway list.

ResultsIn total, 532 ASD-related lncRNAs were identified, and 86.7% of these ASD-related lncRNAs were further validated by a copy number variant (CNV) dataset. Most of functional neighbor genes of ASD-related lncRNAs were enriched in several functions and biological pathways, including nervous system development, inflammatory response and transcriptional regulation. As a set, ASD-related lncRNAs were mainly associated with nervous system development and dopaminergic synapse in the cortex, but associated with transcriptional regulation in the cerebellum. Moreover, all highly reliable functional neighbor genes were connected in a single functional network. Finally, several potential drugs were predicted and partly supported by the previous reports.

ConclusionsWe concluded that ASD-related lncRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of ASD through various known biological pathways, which may be differential in distinct brain regions. And detailed investigation of ASD-related lncRNAs also provided clues for developing potential ASD diagnosis biomarker and therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.986497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in autism spectrum disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.994939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA methylation is indispensable for leukemia inhibitory factor dependent embryonic stem cells reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.17.994939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Naive pluripotency can be maintained by the 2i/LIF supplements (CHIR99021, PD0325901 and LIF), which primarily affect canonical WNT, FGF/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 signaling. However, whether one of these tripartite supplements alone is sufficient to maintain naive self-renewal remain unclear. Here we show that LIF alone is sufficient to induce reprogramming of 2i/LIF cultured ESCs (2i/L-ESCs) to ESCs with hypermethylated state (L-ESCs). In vitro, upon withdrawal of 2i, 2i/L-ESCs overcome the epigenetic barrier and DNA hypermethylated, which accompanies transcriptional changes and subsequent establishment of epigenetic memory. Global transcriptome features also show that L-ESCs are close to 2i/L-ESCs and in a stable state between naive and primed pluripotency. Notably, our results demonstrate that DNA methylation was indispensable for LIF-dependent mouse ESCs reprogramming and self-renew. LIF-dependent ESCs reprogramming efficiency is significantly increased in serum treatment and reduced in Dnmt3a or Dnmt3l knockout ESCs. Importantly, unlike epiblast and EpiSCs, L-ESCs contribute to somatic tissues and germ cells in chimaeras. Such simple culture system of ESCs is more conducive to clarify the molecular mechanism of ESCs in vitro culture.

SignificanceEmbryonic stem cell (ESCs) exhibit naive pluripotency which reflects their ability to contribute to all embryonic lineages upon injection into blastocyst. ESCs were originally derived by co-culture with feeder cells and fetal calf serum. In this manuscript, we took a detailed approach to dissect the roles of LIF alone in ESC reprogramming of 2i/LIF cultured ESCs (2i/L-ESCs). Here, for the first time, we derived stable hypermethylated pluripotent ESCs under culture of LIF alone (L-ESCs). We further assessed L-ESCs properties both in vitro and in vivo, and provide molecular insights to the mechanism which allows LIF alone to maintain pluripotency and a hypermethylated state. We believe these findings are novel and valuable for future ESCs study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.17.994939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA methylation is indispensable for leukemia inhibitory factor dependent embryonic stem cells reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.998039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Click-ExM enables expansion microscopy for all biomolecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.19.998039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expansion microscopy (ExM) allows super-resolution imaging on conventional fluorescence microscopes, but has been limited to proteins and nucleic acids. Here we develop click-ExM, which integrates click-labeling into ExM to enable a "one-stop-shop" method for nanoscale imaging of various types of biomolecules. Using 18 clickable labels for click-ExM imaging of DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, glycans and small molecules, we demonstrate its universality, compatibility with signal-amplification techniques, and broad applications in cellular imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.-e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.998039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Click-ExM enables expansion microscopy for all biomolecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.998443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sulfopin, a selective covalent inhibitor of Pin1, blocks Myc-driven tumor initiation and growth in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.998443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Pin1, acts as a unified signaling hub that is exploited in cancer to activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressors, in particular through up-regulation of c-Myc target genes. However, despite considerable efforts, Pin1 has remained an elusive drug target. Here, we screened an electrophilic fragment library to discover covalent inhibitors targeting Pin1s active site nucleophile - Cys113, leading to the development of Sulfopin, a double-digit nanomolar Pin1 inhibitor. Sulfopin is highly selective for Pin1, as validated by two independent chemoproteomics methods, achieves potent cellular and in vivo target engagement, and phenocopies genetic knockout of Pin1. Although Pin1 inhibition had a modest effect on viability in cancer cell cultures, Sulfopin induced downregulation of c-Myc target genes and reduced tumor initiation and tumor progression in murine and zebrafish models of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. Our results suggest that Sulfopin is a suitable chemical probe for assessing Pin1-dependent pharmacology in cells and in vivo. Moreover, these studies indicate that Pin1 should be further investigated as a potential cancer target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dubiella, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinch, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaidman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manz, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resnick, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langer, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ficarro, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kibe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozono, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koikawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doctor, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nabet, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browne, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoler-Barak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vangos, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geffken, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oren, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sidi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shulman, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marto, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhe-Paganon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Look, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gray, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>London, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.20.998443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sulfopin, a selective covalent inhibitor of Pin1, blocks Myc-driven tumor initiation and growth in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.004325v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycoengineering of NK cells with glycan ligands of CD22 and selectins for B-cell lymphoma therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.23.004325v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD22, a member of Siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins, has restricted expression on B cells. Antibody-based agents targeting CD22 or CD20 (Rituxan) on B lymphoma and leukemia cells exhibit clinical efficacy for treating these malignancies, but also attack normal B cells leading to immune deficiency. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic glycocalyx editing strategy to introduce high-affinity and specific CD22 ligands onto NK-92MI and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells to achieve tumor-specific CD22 targeting. These CD22-ligand modified cells exhibited significantly enhanced tumor cell binding and killing in vitro without harming healthy B cells. For effective lymphoma cell killing in vivo we further functionalized CD22 ligand-modified NK-92MI cells with the E-selectin ligand sialyl Lewis X to promote trafficking to bone marrow. The cells containing the ligands of both CD22 and selectins resulted in the efficient suppression of B lymphoma in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that NK cells modified with glycan ligands to CD22 and selectins promote both targeted killing of B lymphoma cells and improved trafficking to sites where the cancer cells reside, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CHEN, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapla, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reigh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narimatsu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clausen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moremen, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macauley, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulson, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.23.004325</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycoengineering of NK cells with glycan ligands of CD22 and selectins for B-cell lymphoma therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.005561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational simulations reveal the binding dynamics between human ACE2 and the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.24.005561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A novel coronavirus (the SARS-CoV-2) has been identified in January 2020 as the causal pathogen for COVID-19 pneumonia, an outbreak started near the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 was found to be closely related to the SARS-CoV, based on the genomic analysis. The Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protein (ACE2) utilized by the SARS-CoV as a receptor was found to facilitate the infection of SARS-CoV-2 as well, initiated by the binding of the spike protein to the human ACE2. Using homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods, we report here the detailed structure of the ACE2 in complex with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The predicted model is highly consistent with the experimentally determined complex structures. Plausible binding modes between human ACE2 and the RBD were revealed from all-atom MD simulations. The simulation data further revealed critical residues at the complex interface and provided more details about the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and human ACE2. Two mutants mimicking rat ACE2 were modeled to study the mutation effects on RBD binding to ACE2. The simulations showed that the N-terminal helix and the K353 of the human ACE2 alter the binding modes of the CoV2-RBD to the ACE2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lupala, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.24.005561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational simulations reveal the binding dynamics between human ACE2 and the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.004606v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.25.004606v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The deep population history of East Asia remains poorly understood due to a lack of ancient DNA data and sparse sampling of present-day people. We report genome-wide data from 191 individuals from Mongolia, northern China, Taiwan, the Amur River Basin and Japan dating to 6000 BCE - 1000 CE, many from contexts never previously analyzed with ancient DNA. We also report 383 present-day individuals from 46 groups mostly from the Tibetan Plateau and southern China. We document how 6000-3600 BCE people of Mongolia and the Amur River Basin were from populations that expanded over Northeast Asia, likely dispersing the ancestors of Mongolic and Tungusic languages. In a time transect of 89 Mongolians, we reveal how Yamnaya steppe pastoralist spread from the west by 3300-2900 BCE in association with the Afanasievo culture, although we also document a boy buried in an Afanasievo barrow with ancestry entirely from local Mongolian hunter-gatherers, representing a unique case of someone of entirely non-Yamnaya ancestry interred in this way. The second spread of Yamnaya-derived ancestry came via groups that harbored about a third of their ancestry from European farmers, which nearly completely displaced unmixed Yamnaya-related lineages in Mongolia in the second millennium BCE, but did not replace Afanasievo lineages in western China where Afanasievo ancestry persisted, plausibly acting as the source of the early-splitting Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages. Analyzing 20 Yellow River Basin farmers dating to [~]3000 BCE, we document a population that was a plausible vector for the spread of Sino-Tibetan languages both to the Tibetan Plateau and to the central plain where they mixed with southern agriculturalists to form the ancestors of Han Chinese. We show that the individuals in a time transect of 52 ancient Taiwan individuals spanning at least 1400 BCE to 600 CE were consistent with being nearly direct descendants of Yangtze Valley first farmers who likely spread Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Austroasiatic languages across Southeast and South Asia and mixing with the people they encountered, contributing to a four-fold reduction of genetic differentiation during the emergence of complex societies. We finally report data from Jomon hunter-gatherers from Japan who harbored one of the earliest splitting branches of East Eurasian variation, and show an affinity among Jomon, Amur River Basin, ancient Taiwan, and Austronesian-speakers, as expected for ancestry if they all had contributions from a Late Pleistocene coastal route migration to East Asia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popov, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumura, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sirak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheronet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovalev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernardos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tumen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallick, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adamski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broomandkhoshbacht, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Callan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culleton, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eccles, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawson, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppenheimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewardson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zalzala, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitin, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabarev, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tishkin, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayarsaikhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mijiddorj, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erde</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.25.004606</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genomic Formation of Human Populations in East Asia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.010710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative effects of oncogenic mutations G12C, G12V, G13D, and Q61H on local conformations and dynamics of K-Ras 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.26.010710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
K-Ras is the most frequently mutated protein in human cancers. However, until very recently, its oncogenic mutants were viewed as undruggable. To develop inhibitors that directly target oncogenic K-Ras mutants, we need to understand both their mutant-specific and pan-mutant dynamics and conformations. Recently, we have investigated how the most frequently observed K-Ras mutation in cancer patients, G12D, changes its local dynamics and conformations1. Here, we extend our analysis to study and compare the local effects of other frequently observed oncogenic mutations, G12C, G12V, G13D and Q61H. For this purpose, we have performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of each mutant when active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound), analyzed their trajectories, and compared how each mutant changes local residue conformations, inter-protein distance distributions, local flexibility and residue pair correlated motions. Our results reveal that in the four active oncogenic mutants we have studied, the 2 helix moves closer to the C-terminal of the 3 helix. However, P-loop mutations cause 3 helix to move away from Loop7, and only G12 mutations change the local conformational state populations of the protein. Furthermore, the motions of coupled residues are mutant-specific: G12 mutations lead to new negative correlations between residue motions, while Q61H destroys them. Overall, our findings on the local conformational states and protein dynamics of oncogenic K-Ras mutants can provide insights for both mutant-selective and pan-mutant targeted inhibition efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vatansever, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumus, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.010710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative effects of oncogenic mutations G12C, G12V, G13D, and Q61H on local conformations and dynamics of K-Ras]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New and improved GRAB fluorescent sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.28.013722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The monoamine neuromodulator dopamine (DA) plays a critical role in the brain, and the ability to directly measure dopaminergic activity is essential for understanding its physiological functions. We therefore developed the first red fluorescent GPCR-activation-based DA (GRABDA) sensors and optimized versions of green fluorescent GRABDA sensors following our previous studies. In response to extracellular DA, both the red and green GRABDA sensors have a large increase in fluorescence ({Delta}F/F0 values of 150% and 340%, respectively), with subcellular resolution, subsecond kinetics, and nanomolar to submicromolar affinity. Moreover, both the red and green GRABDA sensors readily resolve evoked DA release in mouse brain slices, detect compartmental DA release in live flies with single-cell resolution, and report optogenetically elicited nigrostriatal DA release as well as mesoaccumbens dopaminergic activity during sexual behavior in freely behaving mice. Importantly, co-expressing red GRABDA with either green GRABDA or the calcium indicator GCaMP6s provides a robust tool for simultaneously tracking neuronal activity and dopaminergic signaling in distinct circuits in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.28.013722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New and improved GRAB fluorescent sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.29.014050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hormone Receptor-status Prediction in Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Profiles and Their Macroscopic Landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.29.014050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cost of next-generation sequencing technologies is rapidly declining, making RNA-seq-based gene expression profiling (GEP) an affordable technique for predicting receptor expression status and intrinsic subtypes in breast cancer (BRCA) patients. Based on the expression levels of co-expressed genes, GEP-based receptor-status prediction can classify clinical subtypes more accurately than can immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using data from the cancer genome atlas TCGA BRCA and METABRIC datasets, we identified common predictor genes found in both datasets and performed receptor-status prediction based on these genes. By assessing the survival outcomes of patients classified using GEP- or IHC-based receptor status, we compared the prognostic value of the two methods. We found that GEP-based HR prediction provided higher concordance with the intrinsic subtypes and a stronger association with treatment outcomes than did IHC-based hormone receptor (HR) status. GEP-based prediction improved the identification of patients who could benefit from hormone therapy, even in patients with non-luminal BRCA. We also confirmed that non-matching subgroup classification affected the survival of BRCA patients and that this could be largely overcome by GEP-based receptor-status prediction. In conclusion, GEP-based prediction provides more reliable classification of HR status, improving therapeutic decision making for breast cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.29.014050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hormone Receptor-status Prediction in Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Profiles and Their Macroscopic Landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing the functions of supra-temporal and insular auditory responsive areas in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.30.015289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human auditory sensory area, which includes primary and non-primary auditory cortices, has been considered to locate in the supra-temporal lobe for more than a century. Recently, accumulating evidence shows that the posterior part of insula responses to sounds under non-task states with relevant short latencies. However, whether posterior insula (InsP) contribute to forming auditory sensation remains unclear. Here we addressed this issue by recording and stimulation directly on the supra-temporal and insular areas via intracranial electrodes from 53 epileptic patients. During passive listening to a non-speech sound, the high-{gamma} (60-140 Hz) active rate of InsP (68.8%) was approximate to the non-primary auditory areas (72.4% and 79.0%). Moreover, we could not distinguish InsP from supra-temporal subareas by either activation, latency, temporal pattern or lateral dominance of sound induce high-{gamma}. On the contrary, direct electrical stimulation evoked auditory sensations effectively on supra-temporal subareas (> 65%), while sparsely on InsP (9.49%). The results of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) showed strong bidirectional connectivity within supra-temporal areas, but weak connectivity between supra-temporal areas and InsP. These findings suggest that even the InsP has similar basic auditory response properties to the primary or non-primary cortex, it may not directly participate in the formation of auditory perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.015289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing the functions of supra-temporal and insular auditory responsive areas in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018309v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral and neural decomposition of skull-induced death awareness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018309v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Death awareness influences multiple aspects of human lives, but its psychological constructs and underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. We address these by measuring behavioral and brain responses to images of human skulls. We show that skulls relative to control stimuli delay responses to life-related words but speed responses to death-related words. Skulls compared to the control stimuli induce early deactivations in the posterior ventral temporal cortex followed by activations in the posterior and anterior ventral temporal cortices. The early and late neural modulations by perceived skulls respectively predict skull-induced changes of behavioral responses to life- and death-related words and the early neural modulation further predicts death anxiety. Our findings decompose skull-induced death awareness into two-stage neural processes of a lifeless state of a former life.

One sentence summaryBehavioral and brain imaging findings decompose skull-induced death awareness into two-stage neural processes of a lifeless state of a former life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018309</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral and neural decomposition of skull-induced death awareness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polygenic adaptation of rosette growth variation in Arabidopsis thaliana populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.31.018341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rate at which plants grow is a major functional trait in plant ecology. However, little is known about its evolution in natural populations. Here, we investigate evolutionary and environmental factors shaping variation in the growth rate of Arabidopsis thaliana. We used plant diameter as a proxy to monitor plant growth over time in environments that mimicked latitudinal differences in the intensity of natural light radiation, across a set of 278 genotypes sampled within four broad regions, including an outgroup set of genotypes from China. A field experiment conducted under natural conditions confirmed the ecological relevance of the observed variation. All genotypes markedly expanded their rosette diameter when the light supply was decreased, demonstrating that environmental plasticity is a predominant source of variation to adapt plant size to prevailing light conditions. Yet, we detected significant levels of genetic variation both in growth rate and growth plasticity. Genome-wide association studies revealed that only 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms associate with genetic variation for growth above Bonferroni confidence levels. However, marginally associated variants were significantly enriched among genes with an annotated role in growth and stress reactions. Polygenic scores computed from marginally associated variants confirmed the polygenic basis of growth variation. For both light regimes, phenotypic divergence between the most distantly related population (China) and the various regions in Europe is smaller than the variation observed within Europe, indicating that some level of stabilizing selection constrains the evolution of growth rate. We observed that Spanish genotypes, however, reach a significantly larger size than Northern European genotypes. Tests of adaptive divergence and analysis of the individual burden of deleterious mutations reveal that adaptive processes have played a more important role in shaping regional differences in rosette growth than maladaptive evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Meaux, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wieters, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steige, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Onsins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunyaev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.03.31.018341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polygenic adaptation of rosette growth variation in Arabidopsis thaliana populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022657v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transformation of single-cell three-dimensional genome structure during postnatal development of the mammalian brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.022657v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both transcription and 3D organization of the mammalian genome play critical roles in neurodevelopment and its disorders. However, 3D genome structures of single brain cells have not been solved; little is known about the dynamics of single-cell transcriptome and 3D genome after birth. Here we generate a transcriptome atlas of 3,517 cells and a 3D genome atlas of 3,646 cells from the developing mouse cortex and hippocampus, using our high-resolution MALBAC-DT and Dip-C methods. In adults, 3D genome "structure types" delineate all major cell types, with high correlation between A/B compartments and gene expression. During development, both transcriptome and 3D genome are extensively transformed in the first postnatal month. In neurons, 3D genome is rewired across multiple scales, correlated with gene expression modules and independent of sensory experience. Finally, we examine allele-specific structure of imprinted genes, revealing local and chromosome-wide differences. These findings uncover a previously unknown dimension of neurodevelopment.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LITranscriptomes and 3D genome structures of single brain cells (both neurons and glia) in the developing mouse forebrain
C_LIO_LICell type identity encoded in the 3D wiring of the mammalian genome ("structure types")
C_LIO_LIMajor transformation of both transcriptome and 3D genome during the first month of life, independent of sensory experience
C_LIO_LIAllele-specific 3D structure at 7 imprinted gene loci, including one that spans a whole chromosome
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daley, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.02.022657</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transformation of single-cell three-dimensional genome structure during postnatal development of the mammalian brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.03.022855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High affinity of Skp to OmpC revealed by single-molecule detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.03.022855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are essential to Gram-negative bacteria, and they need molecular chaperones to prevent from aggregation in periplasm during the OMPs biogenesis. Seventeen kilodalton protein (Skp) is the major protein for this purpose. Here we used singlemolecule detection (SMD) to study the stoichiometry modulation of Skp in binding with outer membrane protein C (OmpC) from Escherichia coli. To accomplish our task, we developed the tool of portion selectively chosen fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (pscFCS). We found that Skp binds OmpC with high affinity. The half concentration for Skp to form homotrimer Skp3 (C1/2) was measured to be 250 nM. Under the Skp concentrations far below C1/2 OmpC can recruit Skp monomers to form OmpC{middle dot}Skp3. The affinity of the process is in picomolar range, indicating that the trimerization of Skp in OmpC{middle dot}Skp3 complex is induced by OmpC-Skp interaction even though free Skp3 is rarely present. In the concentration range that Skp3 is the predominant form, OmpC may directly interact with Skp3. Under micro-molar concentrations of Skp, the formation of OmpC{middle dot}(Skp3)2 was observed. Our results suggest that the fine-tuned modulation of Skp composition stoichiometry plays an important role in the safe-guarding and quality control mechanism of OMPs in the periplasm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.03.022855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High affinity of Skp to OmpC revealed by single-molecule detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.025858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, an Endophyte isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc. produces Taxol and Other Bioactive Metabolites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.05.025858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endophytes are microbial colonizers that reside in plants by symbiotic association produces several biological classes of natural products. The current study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds produced by endophytic fungi isolated from the Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) collected from the Mustang district of Nepal. The plant materials were collected from the Lower-Mustang region in the month of October 2016 and the endophytic fungi were isolated on artificial media from inner tissues of bark and needles. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, along with total phenolic- and flavonoid-content assays, were used in the evaluation of bioactivity of the fermented crude extracts along with the in vitro ability of the endophytes to produce the anticancer compound Taxol was analyzed. A total of 16 fungal morphotypes were obtained from asymptomatic inner tissues of the bark and needles of T. wallichiana. Among the 16 isolates, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of isolate MUS1, showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against all test-pathogens used, with significant inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC: 250 {micro}g/ml) and the pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans (MIC: 125 {micro}g/ml). Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). At a concentration of 100 {micro}g/ml, the % radical scavenging activity was 83.15{+/-}0.40, 81.62{+/-}0.11, and 62.36{+/-}0.29, for ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the EA fraction of MUS1, respectively. The DPPH-IC50 value for the EA fraction was 81.52 {micro}g/ml, compared to BHT (62.87 {micro}g/ml) and ascorbic acid (56.15 {micro}g/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the EA fraction were 16.90{+/-}0.075 {micro}g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 11.59{+/-}0.148 {micro}g rutin equivalent (RE), per mg of dry crude extract, respectively. Isolate MUS1, identified as an Annulohypoxylon sp. by ITS sequencing, also produced Taxol (282.05 {micro}g/L) as shown by TLC and HPLC analysis. Having the ability to produce antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, as well as the anticancer compound Taxol, makes Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, a promising candidate for further study given that naturally occurring bioactive compounds are of great interest to the pharmacological, food and cosmetic industries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gauchan, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velez, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acharya, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lunden, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elfstrand, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Gil, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.05.025858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Annulohypoxylon sp. strain MUS1, an Endophyte isolated from Taxus wallichiana Zucc. produces Taxol and Other Bioactive Metabolites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.027615v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trade-Offs between Speed, Accuracy, and Dissipation in tRNAIle Aminoacylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.06.027615v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Living systems maintain a high fidelity in information processing through kinetic proofreading, a mechanism to preferentially remove incorrect substrates at the cost of energy dissipation and slower speed. Proofreading mechanisms must balance their demand for higher speed, fewer errors, and lower dissipation, but it is unclear how rates of individual reaction steps are evolutionary tuned to balance these needs, especially when multiple proofreading mechanisms are present. Here, using a discrete-state stochastic model, we analyze the optimization strategies in Escherichia coli isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. Surprisingly, this enzyme adopts an economic proofreading strategy and improves speed and dissipation as long as the error is tolerable. Through global parameter sampling, we reveal a fundamental dissipation-error relation that bounds the enzymes optimal performance and explains the importance of the post-transfer editing mechanism. The proximity of native system parameters to this bound demonstrates the importance of energy dissipation as an evolutionary force affecting fitness.

Graphical TOC Entry

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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f4f4e1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1f8e45forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1591e16org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c650b0_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallory, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolomeisky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Igoshin, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.06.027615</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trade-Offs between Speed, Accuracy, and Dissipation in tRNAIle Aminoacylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vulnerabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to proteotoxicity -- opportunity for repurposed chemotherapy of COVID-19 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.029488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global pandemic of COVID-19 disease caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has produced an urgent requirement and search for improved treatments whilst effective vaccines are developed. A strategy for improved drug therapy is to increase levels of endogenous reactive metabolites for selective toxicity to SARS-CoV-2 by preferential damage to the viral proteome. Key reactive metabolites producing major quantitative damage to the proteome in physiological systems are: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reactive glycating agent methylglyoxal (MG); cysteine residues and arginine residues are their most susceptible targets, respectively. From sequenced-based prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 proteome, we found 0.8-fold enrichment or depletion of cysteine residues in functional domains of the viral proteome; whereas there was a 4.6-fold enrichment of arginine residues, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 is resistant to oxidative agents and sensitive to MG. For arginine residues of the SARS-CoV-2 predicted to be in functional domains, we examined which are activated towards modification by MG - residues with predicted or expected low pKa by neighbouring group in interactions. We found 25 such arginine residues, including 2 in the spike protein and 10 in the nucleoprotein. These sites were partially conserved in related coronaviridae: SARS-COV and MERS. Finally, we identified drugs which increase cellular MG concentration to virucidal levels: antitumor drugs with historical antiviral activity, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Our findings provide evidence of potential vulnerability of SARS-CoV-2 to inactivation by MG and a scientific rationale for repurposing of doxorubicin and paclitaxel for treatment of COVID-19 disease, providing efficacy and adequate therapeutic index may be established.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Motawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Fuente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rabbani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornalley, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.07.029488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vulnerabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to proteotoxicity -- opportunity for repurposed chemotherapy of COVID-19 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
D4: Deep Drug-drug interaction Discovery and Demystification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.08.032011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationDrug-drug interactions (DDIs) are complex processes which may depend on many clinical and non-clinical factors. Identifying and distinguishing ways in which drugs interact remains a challenge. To minimize DDIs and to personalize treatment based on accurate stratification of patients, it is crucial that mechanisms of interaction can be identified. Most DDIs are a consequence of metabolic mechanisms of interaction, but DDIs with different mechanisms occur less frequently and are therefore more difficult to identify.

ResultsWe developed a method (D4) for computationally identifying potential DDIs and determining whether they interact based on one of eleven mechanisms of interaction. D4 predicts DDIs and their mechanisms through features that are generated through a deep learning approach from phenotypic and functional knowledge about drugs, their side-effects and targets. Our findings indicate that our method is able to identify known DDIs with high accuracy and that D4 can determine mechanisms of interaction. We also identify numerous novel and potential DDIs for each mechanism of interaction and evaluate our predictions using DDIs from adverse event reporting systems.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/bio-ontology-research-group/D4

Contactarnoor@kau.edu.sa and robert.hoehndorf@kaust.edu.sa
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnawi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assiri, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bukhari, S. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoehndorf, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.032011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[D4: Deep Drug-drug interaction Discovery and Demystification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CBRPP: a new RNA-centric method to study RNA-protein interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.033290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA-protein interactions play essential roles in tuning gene expression at RNA level and modulating the function of proteins. Abnormal RNA-protein interactions lead to cell dysfunction and human diseases. Therefore, mapping networks of RNA-protein interactions is crucial for understanding cellular mechanism and pathogenesis of diseases. Different practical protein-centric methods for studying RNA-protein interactions has been reported, but few RNA-centric methods exist. Here, we developed CRISPR-based RNA proximity proteomics (CBRPP), a new RNA-centric method to identify proteins associated with the target RNA in native cellular context without cross-linking or RNA manipulation in vitro. CBRPP is based on a fusion of dCas13 and proximity-based labeling (PBL) enzyme. dCas13 can deliver PBL enzyme to the target RNA with high specificity, while PBL enzyme labels the surrounding proteins of the target RNA, which are then identified by mass spectrometry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.033290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CBRPP: a new RNA-centric method to study RNA-protein interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
sTAM: An Online Tool for the Discovery of miRNA-set Level Disease Biomarkers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
microRNAs (miRNAs) are one class of important small noncoding RNA molecules, which have shown their excellent ability as biomarkers of various diseases. However, current miRNA biomarkers including those comprised of multiple miRNAs work at a single-miRNA level but not at a miRNA set level. Given the rapidly accumulated miRNA omics data, it is believed that miRNA set level analysis could be an important supplement to the single miRNA level analysis. For doing so, here we presented a computational method for single-sample miRNA set enrichment analysis and developed the sTAM tool (http://mir.rnanut.net/stam). Moreover, we demonstrated the usefulness of sTAM scores in discovering miRNA-set level biomarkers through two case studies. We conducted pan-cancer analysis of the sTAM scores of "tumor suppressor miRNA set" on 15 types of cancers from TCGA and 14 types of cancers from GEO, finding that the scores show a good performance in distinguishing the cancers from the controls. Moreover, we revealed that the sTAM score of "brain development" miRNA set can effectively predict cerebrovascular disorder (CVD). Finally, we believe sTAM can be used in discovering disease-related biomarkers at a miRNA-set level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.035345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[sTAM: An Online Tool for the Discovery of miRNA-set Level Disease Biomarkers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalein inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its 3C-like protease in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.10.035824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19 has become a global pandemic that threatens millions of people worldwide. There is an urgent call for developing effective drugs against the virus (SARS-CoV-2) causing this disease. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2, 3C-like protease (3CLpro), is highly conserved across coronaviruses and is essential for the maturation process of viral polyprotein. Scutellariae radix (Huangqin in Chinese), the root of Scutellaria baicalensis has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat viral infection related symptoms. The extracts of S. baicalensis have exhibited broad spectrum antiviral activities. We studied the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of S. baicalensis and its ingredient compounds. We found that the ethanol extract of S. baicalensis inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity in vitro and the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells with an EC50 of 0.74 g/ml. Among the major components of S. baicalensis, baicalein strongly inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity with an IC50 of 0.39 M. We further identified four baicalein analogue compounds from other herbs that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro activity at microM concentration. Our study demonstrates that the extract of S. baicalensis has effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity and baicalein and analogue compounds are strong SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.035824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalein inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its 3C-like protease in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.038000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic Architecture of Cells in Tissues (GeACT): Study of Human Mid-gestation Fetus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.12.038000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By circumventing cellular heterogeneity, single cell omics have now been widely utilized for cell typing in human tissues, culminating with the undertaking of human cell atlas aimed at characterizing all human cell types. However, more important are the probing of gene regulatory networks, underlying chromatin architecture and critical transcription factors for each cell type. Here we report the Genomic Architecture of Cells in Tissues (GeACT), a comprehensive genomic data base that collectively address the above needs with the goal of understanding the functional genome in action. GeACT was made possible by our novel single-cell RNA-seq (MALBAC-DT) and ATAC-seq (METATAC) methods of high detectability and precision. We exemplified GeACT by first studying representative organs in human mid-gestation fetus. In particular, correlated gene modules (CGMs) are observed and found to be cell-type-dependent. We linked gene expression profiles to the underlying chromatin states, and found the key transcription factors for representative CGMs.

HighlightsO_LIGenomic Architecture of Cells in Tissues (GeACT) data for human mid-gestation fetus
C_LIO_LIDetermining correlated gene modules (CGMs) in different cell types by MALBAC-DT
C_LIO_LIMeasuring chromatin open regions in single cells with high detectability by METATAC
C_LIO_LIIntegrating transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility to reveal key TFs for a CGM
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chapman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semayel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.12.038000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic Architecture of Cells in Tissues (GeACT): Study of Human Mid-gestation Fetus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.033415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.17.033415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sheep was among the first domesticated animals, but its demographic history is little understood. Here we present combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphism data from ancient central and west Anatolian sheep dating to the Late Glacial and early Holocene. We observe loss of mitochondrial haplotype diversity around 7500 BCE during the early Neolithic, consistent with a domestication-related bottleneck. Post-7000 BCE, mitochondrial haplogroup diversity increases, compatible with admixture from other domestication centres and/or from wild populations. Analysing archaeogenomic data, we further find that Anatolian Neolithic sheep (ANS) are genetically closest to present-day European breeds, and especially those from central and north Europe. Our results indicate that Asian contribution to south European breeds in the post-Neolithic era, possibly during the Bronze Age, may explain this pattern.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yurtman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Özer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yüncü, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dagtas, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koptekin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakan, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Özkan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbaba, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaptan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atag, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gündem, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kılınc, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghalichi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaka, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saglıcan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagerholm, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krzewinska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piskin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevketoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgin, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atakuman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdal, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sürer, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenstra, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yorulmaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abazari, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadati, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baird, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bıcakcı, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cevik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerritsen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Özbal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Götherström, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Togan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Özer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.17.033415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Archaeogenetic analysis of Neolithic sheep from Anatolia suggests a complex demographic history since domestication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.051292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms display carbohydrate ligands for CD206 and CD209 that interfere with their receptor function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.20.051292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial biofilms represent a challenge to the healthcare system because of their resilience against antimicrobials and immune attack. Biofilms consist of bacterial aggregates embedded in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of carbohydrate polymers, nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates within P. aeruginosa biofilms include neutral and mannose-rich Psl, and cationic Pel composed of N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine. Here we show that P. aeruginosa biofilms display ligands for the C-type lectin receptors mannose receptor (MR, CD206) and Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3-Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN, CD209). Binding of MR and DC-SIGN to P. aeruginosa biofilms is carbohydrate-and calcium-dependent and extends to biofilms formed by clinical isolates. Confocal analysis of P. aeruginosa biofilms shows abundant DC-SIGN ligands among bacteria aggregates while MR ligands concentrate into discrete clusters. DC-SIGN ligands are also detected in planktonic P. aeruginosa cultures and depend on the presence of the common polysaccharide antigen. Carbohydrates purified from P. aeruginosa biofilms are recognised by DC-SIGN and MR; both receptors preferentially bind the high molecular weight fraction (HMW; >132,000Da) with KDs in the nM range. HMW preparations contain 74.9-80.9% mannose, display -mannan segments and alter the morphology of human dendritic cells without causing obvious changes in cytokine responses. Finally, HMW interferes with the endocytic activity of cell-associated MR and DC-SIGN. This work identifies MR and DC-SIGN as receptors for bacterial biofilms and highlights the potential for biofilm-associated carbohydrates as immunomodulators through engagement of C-type lectin receptors.

Author SummarySelective engagement of pattern recognition receptors during infection guides the decision-making process during induction of immune responses. This work identifies mannose-rich carbohydrates within bacterial biofilms as novel molecular patterns associated with bacterial infections. P. aeruginosa biofilms and biofilm-derived carbohydrates bind two important lectin receptors, MR (CD206) and DC-SIGN (CD209), involved in recognition of self and immune evasion. Abundance of MR and DC-SIGN ligands in the context of P. aeruginosa biofilms could impact immune responses and promote chronic infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almuhanna, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshahrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lowman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graves, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelkar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koranteng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastrotto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camara, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Pomares, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.20.051292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms display carbohydrate ligands for CD206 and CD209 that interfere with their receptor function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellbow: a robust customizable cell segmentation program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time-lapse live cell imaging of a growing cell population is routine in many biological investigations. A major challenge in imaging analysis is accurate segmentation, a process to define the boundaries of cells based on raw image data. Current segmentation methods relying on single boundary features have problems in robustness when dealing with inhomogeneous foci which invariably happens in cell population imaging. Here, we demonstrated that combined with multi-layer training set strategy, a neural-network-based algorithm Cellbow can achieve accurate and robust segmentation of cells in broad and general settings. It can also facilitate long-term tracking of cell growth and division. Furthermore, Cellbow is customizable and generalizable. It is broadly applicable to segmenting fluorescent images of diverse cell types with no further training needed. For bright-field images, only a small set of sample images of the specific cell type from the user may be needed for training. To facilitate the application of Cellbow, we provide a website on which one can online test the software, as well as an ImageJ plugin for the user to visualize the performance before software installation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.052597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellbow: a robust customizable cell segmentation program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for human TRPC5 channel inhibition by two distinct inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.21.052910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TRPC5 channel is a non-selective cation channel that participates diverse physiological processes. Human TRPC5 inhibitors show promise in the treatment of anxiety disorder, depression and kidney disease. Despite the high relevance of TRPC5 to human health, its inhibitor binding pockets have not been fully characterized due to the lack of structural information, which greatly hinders structure-based drug discovery. Here we show cryo-EM structures of human TRPC5 in complex with two distinct inhibitors, namely clemizole and HC-070, to the resolution of 2.7 [A]. Based on the high-quality cryo-EM maps, we uncover the different binding pockets and detailed binding modes for these two inhibitors. Clemizole binds inside the voltage sensor-like domain of each subunit, while HC-070 binds close to the ion channel pore and is wedged between adjacent subunits. Both of them exert the inhibitory function by stabilizing the ion channel in a closed state. These structures provide templates for further design and optimization of inhibitors targeting human TRPC5.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.21.052910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for human TRPC5 channel inhibition by two distinct inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic beta cell selective deletion of mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) disrupts mitochondrial architecture and abrogates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.055384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aims/hypothesisMitochondrial glucose metabolism is essential for stimulated insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Whether mitochondrial networks may be important for glucose or incretin sensing has yet to be determined.

MethodsHere, we generated mice with beta cell-selective, adult-restricted deletion of the mitofusin genes Mfn1 and Mfn2 ({beta}Mfn1/2 dKO). Whole or dissociated pancreatic islets were used for live beta cell fluorescence imaging of cytosolic or mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and ATP production or GSIS in response to increasing glucose concentrations or GLP-1 receptor agonists. Serum and blood samples were collected to examine oral and i.p. glucose tolerance.

Results{beta}Mfn1/2 dKO mice displayed elevated fed and fasted glycaemia (p<0.01, p<0.001) and a >five-fold decrease (p<0.0001) in plasma insulin. Mitochondrial length, glucose-induced polarisation, ATP synthesis and cytosolic Ca2+ increases were all reduced (p<0.05,p<0.01,p<0.0001) in dKO islets, and beta cell Ca2+ dynamics were suppressed in vivo (p<0.001). In contrast, oral glucose tolerance was near normal in {beta}Mfn1/2 dKO mice (p<0.05, p<0.01) and GLP-1 or GIP receptor agonists largely corrected defective GSIS from isolated islets through an EPAC-dependent signalling activation.

Conclusions/interpretationMitochondrial fusion and fission cycles are thus essential in the beta cell to maintain normal glucose, but not incretin, sensing. Defects in these cycles in some forms of diabetes might therefore provide opportunities for novel incretin-based or other therapies.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=180 SRC="FIGDIR/small/055384v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (38K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@258053org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c07cborg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d3bb1forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a1f128_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG Impact of Mfn1/2 deletion on glucose and incretin stimulated-insulin secretion in beta cells. (A) In control animals, glucose is taken up by beta cells through GLUT2 and metabolised by mitochondria (elongated structure) through the citrate (TCA) cycle, leading to an increased mitochondrial proton motive force (hyperpolarised {Delta}{psi}m), accelerated ATP synthesis and O2 consumption rate (OCR). Consequently, the cytoplasmic ATP:ADP ratio rises, which causes closure of KATP channels, depolarisation of plasma membrane potential ({psi}m), opening of VDCCs and influx of cytosolic Ca2+. Elevated [Ca2+]cyt triggers a number of ATP-dependent processes including insulin secretion and improved beta-beta cell communication through connexin 36 (Cx36). (B) Following Mfn1/2 deletion (Mfn1/2 dKO), highly fragmented mitochondria were associated with reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) accumulation, leading to a less polarised {Delta}{psi}m, weaker OCR, lower mtDNA copy number and decreased ATP synthesis. This is expected to result in weaker {psi}m depolarisation, cytosolic Ca2+ influx and beta-beta cell connectivity due to lower expression of Cx36. Despite observing a higher number of docked insulin granules on the plasma membrane, insulin secretion was highly suppressed in these animals. This was also associated with increased beta cell death and reduced beta cell mass. (C) In response to incretins, insulin secretion is potentiated through the activation of GLP1-R and cAMP signalling involving PKA- and EPAC2-dependent pathways. Elevated [Ca2+]cyt triggers a number of ATP-dependent processes including insulin secretion and Ca2+ removal into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).(D) In Mfn1/2 dKO cells, activation of the GLP1-R was shown to be linked with a potentiation of the EPAC2 pathway that is PKA independent, along with an increased ER Ca2+ uptake and improved beta-beta cell communication. How these amplifying signals of glucose metabolism for insulin secretion are linked with fragmented mitochondria remains unknown. Red and bold arrows represent enhanced pathways; dashed arrows represent impaired pathways. This figure was produced using illustrations from Servier Medical Art, http://smart.servier.com/

C_FIG Research in contextWhat is already known about this subject?

Mitochondrial ultrastructural variations and number are altered in beta cells of human T2D patients [1].

Mice lacking Opa1, which controls mitochondrial fusion and inner membrane cristae structure, in beta cells, develop hyperglycaemia and defects in GSIS [2].

What is the key question?

Is an interconnected mitochondrial network essential in primary mouse beta cells for normal insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis?

What are the new findings?

We generated mice with beta cell-selective, adult-restricted deletion of the mitofusin genes Mfn1 and Mfn2 and show that insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis are strongly reduced in vivo.

Cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ increases, {Delta}{psi}m, ATP production and beta cell connectivity are impaired in {beta}Mfn1/2 dKO animals.

Incretins bypass the above defects through an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC)-dependent signalling mechanism.

How might this impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?

The ability of incretins to bypass defects in mitochondrial function might be exploited by the design of new agonists which target this pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Georgiadou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chabosseau, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wern, F. Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stylianides, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothery, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregorio, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leclerc, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linnemann, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutter, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.055384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic beta cell selective deletion of mitofusins 1 and 2 (Mfn1 and Mfn2) disrupts mitochondrial architecture and abrogates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.056762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cytotoxicity evaluation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in multiple cell lines and tissues by dynamic imaging system and PBPK model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.22.056762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been used in treating COVID-19 patients recently. However, both drugs have some contradictions and rare but severe side effects, such as hypoglycemia, retina and cardiac toxicity. To further uncover the toxicity profile of CQ and HCQ in different tissues, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of them in 8 cell lines, and further adopted the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) to predict the tissue risk respectively. Retina, myocardium, lung, liver, kidney, vascular endothelium and intestinal epithelium originated cells were included in the toxicity evaluation of CQ and HCQ respectively. The proliferation pattern was monitored in 0-72 hours by IncuCyte S3, which could perform long-term continuous image and video of cells upon CQ or HCQ treatment. CC50 and the ratio of tissue trough concentrations to CC50 (RTTCC) were brought into predicted toxicity profiles. The CC50 at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of CQ and HCQ decreased in the time-dependent manner, which indicates the accumulative cytotoxic effect. HCQ was found to be less toxic in 7 cell types except cardiomyocytes H9C2 cells (CC50-48 h=29.55 M; CC50-72 h=15.26 M). In addition, RTTCC is significant higher in CQ treatment group compared to HCQ group, which indicates that relative safety of HCQ. Both CQ and HCQ have certain cytotoxicity in time dependent manner which indicates the necessity of short period administration clinically. HCQ has the less impact in 7 cell lines proliferation and less toxicity compared to CQ in heart, liver, kidney and lung.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.22.056762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cytotoxicity evaluation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in multiple cell lines and tissues by dynamic imaging system and PBPK model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059881v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRPM7 kinase-mediated immunomodulation in macrophage plays a central role in magnesium ion-induced bone regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.059881v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of magnesium ion (Mg2+)-modified biomaterials in bone regeneration is a promising and cost-effective therapeutic. Despite the widespread observation on the osteogenic effects of Mg2+, the diverse roles played by Mg2+ in the complex biological process of bone healing have not been systematically dissected. Here, we reveal a previously unknown biphasic mode of action of Mg2+ in bone repair. In the early inflammation phase, Mg2+ primarily targets the monocyte-macrophage lineage to promote their recruitment, activation, and polarization. We showed that an increase in extracellular Mg2+ contributes to an upregulated expression of transient receptor potential cation channel member 7 (TRPM7) and a TRPM7-dependent influx of Mg2+ in the monocyte-macrophage lineage, resulting in the cleavage and nuclear accumulation of TRPM7-cleaved kinase fragments (M7CKs). This then triggers the phosphorylation of Histone H3 at serine 10, in a TRPM7-dependent manner at the promoters of inflammatory cytokines like IL-8, leading to the formation of a pro-osteogenic immune microenvironment. In the later active repair/remodeling phase of bone healing, however, continued exposure of Mg2+ and IL-8 leads to over activation of NF-{kappa}B signaling in macrophages, turning the immune microenvironment into pro-osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, the presence of Mg2+ at this stage also decelerates bone maturation through the suppression of hydroxyapatite precipitation. The negative effects of Mg2+ on osteogenesis can override the initial pro-osteogenic benefits of Mg2+, as we found prolonged delivery of Mg2+ compromises overall bone formation. Taken together, this study establishes a paradigm shift in understanding the diverse and multifaceted roles of Mg2+ in bone healing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K. H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matinlinna, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, Y. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, K. M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeung, K. W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.059881</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRPM7 kinase-mediated immunomodulation in macrophage plays a central role in magnesium ion-induced bone regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.060913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sessile bacterium unlocks ability of surface motility through mutualistic interspecies interaction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.24.060913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In addition to their common planktonic lifestyle, bacteria frequently live in surface-associated habitats. Surface motility is essential for exploring these habitats for food sources. However, many bacteria are found on surfaces, even though they lack features required for migrating along surfaces. How these canonical non-motile bacteria adapt to the environmental fluctuations on surfaces remains unknown. Recently, several cases of interspecies interaction were reported that induce surface motility of non-motile bacteria either by using  hitchhiking strategies or through  social spreading mechanisms. Here, we report a previously unknown mechanism for interaction-dependent surface motility of the canonical non-motile bacterium, Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, which is induced by interaction with a dimorphic prosthecate bacterium, Glycocaulis alkaliphilus 6B-8T. Dietzia cells exhibits "sliding"-like motility in an area where the strain Glycocaulis cells was pre-colonized with a sufficient density. Furthermore, we show that biosurfactants play a critical role in inducing the surface motility of Dietzia cells. Our analysis also demonstrates that Dietzia degrade n-alkanes and provide Glycocaulis with the resulting metabolites for survival, which in turn enabled directional migration of Dietzia towards nutrients in the environment. Such interaction-dependent migration was also found between Dietzia and Glycocaulis strains isolated from other habitats, suggesting that this mutualistic relationship ubiquitously occurs in natural environments. In conclusion, we propose a novel model for such a  win-win strategy, whereby non-motile bacteria pay metabolites to dimorphic prosthecate bacteria in return for migrating to reach environments otherwise inaccessible. We propose that this mechanism represents a common strategy for canonically non-motile bacteria living on a surface.

ImportanceCell motility provides a selective advantage for bacteria searching for nutrients. While a large body of evidence exists for how motile bacteria migrate on surface by virtue of different ways of motility, fewer studies concerned about how canonical non-motile bacteria adapted to those surface-associated habitats. Recent reports have proposed that interactions with other bacteria trigger the movement of those sessile bacteria. However, these interactions are limited to  hitchhiking or  social spreading modes. Here, we characterized a previously unknown interaction mode between Dietzia and Glycocaulis.

This interaction differs from previously described modes, thus advance our limited understanding of how sessile bacteria move on surfaces. We propose that this interaction mode represents a  win-win strategy for both strains, and this mode might be widely distributed across diverse environments. These novel insights should greatly assist in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the cellular interplay between microbes in complex microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.24.060913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sessile bacterium unlocks ability of surface motility through mutualistic interspecies interaction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.060947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MINERVA: A facile strategy for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome deep sequencing of clinical samples 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.25.060947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a serious public health risk. Analyzing the genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from clinical samples is crucial for the understanding of viral spread and viral evolution, as well as for vaccine development. Existing sample preparation methods for viral genome sequencing are demanding on user technique and time, and thus not ideal for time-sensitive clinical samples; these methods are also not optimized for high performance on viral genomes. We have developed MetagenomIc RNA EnRichment VirAl sequencing (MINERVA), a facile, practical, and robust approach for metagenomic and deep viral sequencing from clinical samples. This approach uses direct tagmentation of RNA/DNA hybrids using Tn5 transposase to greatly simplify the sequencing library construction process, while subsequent targeted enrichment can generate viral genomes with high sensitivity, coverage, and depth. We demonstrate the utility of MINERVA on pharyngeal, sputum and stool samples collected from COVID-19 patients, successfully obtaining both whole metatranscriptomes and complete high-depth high-coverage SARS-CoV-2 genomes from these clinical samples, with high yield and robustness. MINERVA is compatible with clinical nucleic extracts containing carrier RNA. With a shortened hands-on time from sample to virus-enriched sequencing-ready library, this rapid, versatile, and clinic-friendly approach will facilitate monitoring of viral genetic variations during outbreaks, both current and future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.25.060947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MINERVA: A facile strategy for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome deep sequencing of clinical samples]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.065854v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generation and Validation of Versatile Inducible CRISPRi Embryonic Stem Cell and Mouse Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.28.065854v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 has been widely used far beyond genome editing. Fusions of deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) to transcription effectors enable interrogation of the epigenome and controlling of gene expression. However the large transgene size of dCas9-fusion hinders its applications especially in somatic tissues. Here, we develop a robust CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system by transgenic expression of doxycycline (Dox) inducible dCas9-KRAB in mouse embryonic stem cells (iKRAB ESC). After introduction of specific gRNAs, the induced dCas9-KRAB efficiently maintains gene inactivation, though it exerts modest effects on active gene expression. Proper timing of Dox addition during cell differentiation or reprogramming allows us to study or screen spatiotemporally activated promoters or enhancers and thereby the gene functions. Furthermore, taking the ESC for blastocyst injection, we generate an iKRAB knockin (KI) mouse model that enables shut-down of gene expression and loss-of-function studies ex vivo and in vivo by a simple transduction of gRNAs. Thus, our inducible CRISPRi ESC line and KI mouse provide versatile and convenient platforms for functional interrogation and high-throughput screens of specific genes and potential regulatory elements in the setting of development or diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.065854</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generation and Validation of Versatile Inducible CRISPRi Embryonic Stem Cell and Mouse Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impairment of the Gβγ-SNAP25 brake on exocytosis enhances insulin action, protects against diet-induced obesity, and promotes adipocyte browning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.29.069138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Negative regulation of exocytosis from secretory cells throughout the body is accomplished through inhibitory signals from Gi/o G protein-coupled receptors by G{beta}{gamma} subunit inhibition of two common mechanisms: (i) decreased calcium entry and (ii) direct interaction of G{beta}{gamma} with the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein (SNAP) Receptor (SNARE) plasma membrane fusion machinery. We have previously shown that disabling the second mechanism with a truncation of SNAP25 (SNAP25{Delta}3/{Delta}3) decreases the affinity of G{beta}{gamma} for the SNARE complex, leaving exocytotic fusion as well as modulation of calcium entry intact but disabling GPCR inhibition of exocytosis. Here we report significant beneficial metabolic remodeling in mice carrying this mutation. Chow-fed SNAP25{Delta}3/{Delta}3 mice exhibit enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased beiging of white fat. In response to a high fat diet, the metabolic protection was amplified in SNAP25{Delta}3/{Delta}3 mice. Glucose homeostasis, whole body insulin action, and insulin-mediated glucose uptake into white adipose tissue were improved along with resistance to diet-induced obesity. This metabolic protection in SNAP25{Delta}3/{Delta}3 mice occurred without compromising the physiological response to fasting or cold. All metabolic phenotypes were reversed at thermoneutrality, suggesting basal autonomic activity is required. Direct electrode stimulation of sympathetic neurons exocytosis from SNAP25{Delta}3/{Delta}3 inguinal adipose depot resulted in enhanced and prolonged norepinephrine release. Thus, the G{beta}{gamma}-SNARE interaction represents a cellular mechanism that deserves further exploration as a new avenue for combatting metabolic disease.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/069138v4_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ceddia, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurawski, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson Gray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adegboye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGuinness, O. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamm, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.04.29.069138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impairment of the Gβγ-SNAP25 brake on exocytosis enhances insulin action, protects against diet-induced obesity, and promotes adipocyte browning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.074021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An artificial intelligence system reveals liquiritin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by mimicking type I interferon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.074021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pandemic COVID-19 has spread to all over the world and greatly threatens safety and health of people. COVID-19 is highly infectious and with high mortality rate. As no effective antiviral treatment is currently available, new drugs are urgently needed. We employed transcriptional analysis to uncover potential antiviral drugs from natural products or FDA approved drugs. We found liquiritin significantly inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells with EC50 = 2.39 M. Mechanistically, we found liquiritin exerts anti-viral function by mimicking type I interferon. Upregulated genes induced by liquiritin are enriched in GO categories including type I interferon signaling pathway, negative regulation of viral genome replication and etc. In toxicity experiment, no death was observed when treated at dose of 300 mg/kg for a week in ICR mice. All the organ indexes but liver and serum biochemical indexes were normal after treatment. Liquiritin is abundant in licorice tablet (~0.2% by mass), a traditional Chinese medicine. Together, we recommend liquiritin as a competitive candidate for treating COVID-19. We also expect liquiritin to have a broad and potent antiviral function to other viral pathogens, like HBV, HIV and etc.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.074021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An artificial intelligence system reveals liquiritin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by mimicking type I interferon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.074450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A pathway of NADPH diaphorase positivity between central canal and pial surface at anterior fissure in spinal cord: Supra fissure area with hypothesis configuring from dog, rat, monkey and pigeon 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.074450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spinal cord is a cylinder structure in the vertebra and thought a simplified with the gray matter and white matter. Rexed lamination for the gray matter and regional sub-division for whiter matter are completely termed to date. Anterior commissure locates between the central canal and the anterior median fissure. However, some experimental data may still confront with new confined anatomical interpretation. By using NADPH diaphorase [N-d] enzyme histology, we found a vertical oriented neuronal pathway between the central canal and the anterior median fissure in the sacral spinal cord of young adult and aged dog. We used a term "supra fissure area" [SFA] to illustrate the region which consisted of the gray commissure and anterior white commissure. The N-d pathway was notably observable in aged animals. The vertical neurites revealed the cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] contacting neurites between the anterior median fissure and the central canal. We further examined the monkey, rat and pigeon in the region for better understanding of the structure and potential function. The neurodegeneration of N-d dystrophy was detected in the [SFA] in the thoracic spinal cord of the aged monkey. N-d positive fibers were detected in anterior fissure of the rat spinal cord. N-d fibrous structures were also detected in the pigeon spinal cord. These results suggested a new pathway of CSF contacting neurons and the neuronal communications about the central canal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masse, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abulikim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.02.074450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A pathway of NADPH diaphorase positivity between central canal and pial surface at anterior fissure in spinal cord: Supra fissure area with hypothesis configuring from dog, rat, monkey and pigeon]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.075473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational analysis on the ACE2-derived peptides for neutralizing the ACE2 binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.03.075473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19, is spreading globally and has infected more than 3 million people. It has been discovered that SARS-CoV-2 initiates the entry into cells by binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) through the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike glycoprotein. Hence, drugs that can interfere the SARS-CoV-2-RBD binding to hACE2 potentially can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 from entering human cells. Here, based on the N-terminal helix 1 of human ACE2, we designed nine short peptides that have potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding. Molecular dynamics simulations of peptides in the their free and SARS-CoV-2 RBD-bound forms allow us to identify fragments that are stable in water and have strong binding affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The important interactions between peptides and RBD are highlighted to provide guidance for the design of peptidomimetics against the SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>lupala, c. s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>su, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.03.075473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational analysis on the ACE2-derived peptides for neutralizing the ACE2 binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A GRAB sensor reveals activity-dependent non-vesicular somatodendritic adenosine release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.04.075564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purinergic signaling molecule adenosine (Ado) modulates many physiological and pathological brain functions,but its spatiotemporal release dynamics in the brain remains largely unknown. We developed a genetically encoded GPCR-Activation-Based Ado sensor (GRABAdo) in which Ado-induced changes in the human A2A receptor are reflected by fluorescence increases. This GRABAdo revealed that neuronal activity-induced extracellular Ado elevation was due to direct Ado release from somatodendritic regions of the neuron, requiring calcium influx through L-type calcium channels, rather than the degradation of extracellular ATP. The Ado release was slow ([~]30 s) and depended on equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) rather than conventional vesicular release mechanisms. Thus, GRABAdo reveals an activity-dependent slow Ado release from somatodendritic region of the neuron, potentially serving modulating functions as a retrograde signal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.04.075564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A GRAB sensor reveals activity-dependent non-vesicular somatodendritic adenosine release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.078741v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in silico approach to identification, categorization and prediction of nucleic acid binding proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.05.078741v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interaction between proteins and nucleic acid plays an important role in many processes, such as transcription, translation and DNA repair. The mechanisms of related biological events can be understood by exploring the function of proteins in these interactions. The number of known protein sequences has increased rapidly in recent years, but the databases for describing the structure and function of protein have unfortunately grown quite slowly. Thus, improving such databases is meaningful for predicting protein-nucleic acid interactions. Furthermore, the mechanism of related biological events, such as viral infection or designing novel drug targets, can be further understood by understanding the function of proteins in these interactions. The information for each sequence, including its function and interaction sites, were collected and identified, and a database called PNIDB was built. The proteins in PNIDB were grouped into 27 classes, such as transcription, immune system, and structural protein, etc. The function of each protein was then predicted using a machine learning method. Using our method, the predictor was trained on labeled sequences, and then the function of a protein was predicted based on the trained classifier. The prediction accuracy achieved a score of 77.43% by 10-fold cross validation.

Availability and ImplementationPNIDB is now fully working and can be freely accessed at: http://server.malab.cn/PNIDB/index.html. All the data are publicly available for non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium.

Contactzouquan@nclab.net
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.05.078741</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in silico approach to identification, categorization and prediction of nucleic acid binding proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.081216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Roles of developmentally regulated KIF2A alternative isoforms in cortical neuron migration and differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.07.081216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KIF2A is a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin motor protein with essential roles in neural progenitor division and axonal pruning during brain development. KIF2A is alternatively spliced in nervous tissue by specific RNA-binding proteins. However, how different KIF2A isoforms function during development of the cerebral cortex is not known. Here, we focus on three Kif2a isoforms expressed in mouse embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex. We show that KIF2A is essential for dendritic pruning of primary cortical neurons in mice and that the functions of all three isoforms are sufficient for this process. Interestingly, only two of the isoforms can sustain radial migration of cortical neurons while a third isoform, lacking a key stretch of twenty amino acids, is ineffective. By proximity-labeling-based interactome mapping for individual KIF2A isoforms, we provide novel insight into how isoform specific interactions can confer changes to KIF2A protein function. Our interactome mapping identifies previously known KIF2A interactors, proteins localized to the mitotic spindle poles, and unexpectedly, also translation factors, ribonucleoproteins and proteins that are targeted to the mitochondria and ER, suggesting a novel transport function for KIF2A.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akkaya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamacioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akarlar, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guner, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince Dunn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.07.081216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Roles of developmentally regulated KIF2A alternative isoforms in cortical neuron migration and differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Atlas of Gene Regulatory Elements in Adult Mouse Cerebrum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.10.087585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian cerebrum performs high level sensory, motor control and cognitive functions through highly specialized cortical networks and subcortical nuclei. Recent surveys of mouse and human brains with single cell transcriptomics1-3 and high-throughput imaging technologies4,5 have uncovered hundreds of neuronal cell types and a variety of non-neuronal cell types distributed in different brain regions, but the cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory programs responsible for the unique identity and function of each brain cell type have yet to be elucidated. Here, we probe the accessible chromatin in >800,000 individual nuclei from 45 regions spanning the adult mouse isocortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebral nuclei, and use the resulting data to define 491,818 candidate cis regulatory DNA elements in 160 distinct sub-types. We link a significant fraction of them to putative target genes expressed in diverse cerebral cell types and uncover transcriptional regulators involved in a broad spectrum of molecular and cellular pathways in different neuronal and glial cell populations. Our results provide a foundation for comprehensive analysis of gene regulatory programs of the mammalian brain and assist in the interpretation of non-coding risk variants associated with various neurological disease and traits in humans. To facilitate the dissemination of information, we have set up a web portal (http://catlas.org/mousebrain).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preissl, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poirion, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukamel, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ecker, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.10.087585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Atlas of Gene Regulatory Elements in Adult Mouse Cerebrum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095513v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling the IL-2-Teff-Treg system in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients: possible mechanism and treatment strategies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.14.095513v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a non-organ specific autoimmune disease, which the pathogenesis of development is still unclear. For revealing the underlying mechanism, we construct a mathematical model depicting the interactions among CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells), CD4+ effect T cells (Teff cells) and IL-2 in SLE patients to simulate and reproduce the development of SLE. Through our analysis, one possible pathogenesis is that the activation point and deactivation point of Teff in SLE patients produced a forward shift compared to the normal Teff. According to our simulation, a therapeutic window existed in the treatment of lupus with exogenous IL-2, which means there is a strict limit to the dose of IL-2 in clinic. Finally, we study three different dosing strategies and reveal that specific dosing regimens can better exert the effects of IL-2 and relieve the possible side effect of high dose IL-2. It is possible to promote the study of autoimmune diseases through our efforts and assist the development of precision medical treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.095513</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling the IL-2-Teff-Treg system in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients: possible mechanism and treatment strategies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.103085v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Seesaw Conformations of Npl4 in the Human p97 Complex and the Inhibitory Mechanism of a Disulfiram Derivative 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.18.103085v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP) or Cdc48, plays a central role in cellular protein homeostasis1. Human p97 mutations are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases2,3. Targeting p97 and its cofactors is a strategy for cancer drug development4. Despite significant structural insights into the fungal homolog Cdc485-7, little is known about how human p97 interacts with its cofactors. Recently, the anti-alcohol abuse drug disulfiram was found to target cancer through Npl4, a cofactor of p978, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we uncovered three Npl4 conformational states in complex with human p97 before ATP hydrolysis. The motion of Npl4 results from its zinc finger motifs interacting with the N domain of p97, which is essential for the unfolding activity of p97. In vitro and cell-based assays showed that under oxidative conditions, the disulfiram derivative bis-(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper (CuET) inhibits p97 function by releasing cupric ions, which disrupt the zinc finger motifs of Npl4, locking the essential conformational switch of the complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.18.103085</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Seesaw Conformations of Npl4 in the Human p97 Complex and the Inhibitory Mechanism of a Disulfiram Derivative]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.103903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational study on ratio-sensing in yeast galactose utilization pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.19.103903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic networks undergo gene expression regulation in response to external nutrient signals. In microbes, the synthesis of enzymes that are used to transport and catabolize less preferred carbon sources is repressed in the presence of a preferred carbon source. For most microbes, glucose is a preferred carbon source, and it has long been believed that as long as glucose is present in the environment, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of alternative carbon sources is shut down, due to catabolite repression. However, recent studies have shown that the induction of the galactose (GAL) metabolic network does not solely depend on the exhaustion of glucose. Instead, the GAL genes respond to the external concentration ratio of galactose to glucose, a phenomenon of unknown mechanism that we termed ratio-sensing. Using mathematical modeling, we found that ratio-sensing is a general phenomenon that can arise from competition between two carbon sources for shared transporters, between transcription factors for binding to communal regulatory sequences of the target genes, or a combination of the aforementioned two levels of competition. We analyzed how the parameters describing the competitive interaction influenced ratio-sensing behaviors in each scenario and found that the concatenation of both layers of signal integration can expand the dynamical range of ratio-sensing. Finally, we investigated the influence of circuit topology on ratio-sensing and found that incorporating negative auto-regulation and/or coherent feedforward loop motifs to the basic signal integration unit can tune the sensitivity of the response to the external nutrient signals. Our study not only deepened our understanding of how ratio-sensing is achieved in yeast GAL metabolic regulation, but also elucidated design principles for ratio-sensing signal processing that can be used in other biological settings, such as being introduced into circuit designs for synthetic biology applications.

Author summaryMicrobes make sophisticated choices about the uptake and metabolism of nutrients depending on the variety of nutrient choices available to them in their environment. In the well-studied yeast galactose utilization network, a recent study has shown that galactose metabolic genes respond to the external concentration ratio of galactose to glucose. Using computational models, we showed that this type of phenomenon could arise from a competition between galactose and glucose for transporters, a competition between transcription factors for promoters, or a combination of these two mechanisms. We further revealed the controlling parameters that determined the system sensitivity towards competing input signals and that determined the concentration ratio required to induce the metabolic network in each scenario. Combining competition inhibition at both the transporter level and the transcriptional level can enlarge the ratio-sensing regime, resulting a robust signal integration module. We suspect that modules of this kind may be common in many areas of biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Springer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.103903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational study on ratio-sensing in yeast galactose utilization pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.109983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High burden of Mycoplasma genitalium and other reproductive tract infections among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.22.109983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is a pressing need for detailed knowledge of the range of pathogens, extent of co-infection and clinical impact of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among pregnant women. Here, we report on RTIs (Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) and other sexual and reproductive health indicators among 699 pregnant women in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We found widespread M. genitalium infection (12.5% of women), the first time this pathogen has been reported in PNG, with no evidence of macrolide resistance. Most pregnant women (76.2%) had at least one RTI, most of which are treatable. Excluding syphilis, sexually-transmitted infections were detected in 37.8% women. Syndromic management of infections is greatly inadequate and there was remarkably little use of contraception; 98.4% report never having used barrier contraception. This work has implications for improving maternal and child health in PNG.

ARTICLE SUMMARY LINEThis first report of Mycoplasma genitalium in Papua New Guinea finds a high burden (12.5%) among 699 pregnant women. Additionally, more than one in two women were positive for a treatable reproductive tract infection associated with poor health outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scoullar, M. J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boeuf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peach, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fidelis, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokmun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melepia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elijah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehler, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siba, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erskine, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokany, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umbers, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luchters, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallely, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badman, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallely, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fowkes, F. J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pomat, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crabb, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.22.109983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High burden of Mycoplasma genitalium and other reproductive tract infections among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.111831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protocadherin 7 localizes to the plasma membrane during mitosis and promotes cytokinesis by a palmitoylation-dependent mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.24.111831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell division requires dramatic reorganization of the cell cortex that is primarily driven by the actomyosin network. We previously reported that Protocadherin 7 (PCDH7) enriches at the cell surface during mitosis which is required for building up the full mitotic rounding pressure. Here we showed that PCDH7 gets palmitoylated and interacts with the palmitoyltransferase, ZDHHC5. Both PCDH7 and ZDHHC5 co-localize at the mitotic cell surface, and they translocate to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. PCDH7s localization depends on palmitoylation activity of ZDHHC5. Loss of expression of PCDH7 impairs active RhoA and phospho-myosin levels at the cleavage furrow and increases the rate of multinucleated cells. This work uncovers a palmitoylation-dependent translocation mechanism for PCDH7 and attributes a regulatory role to contributing actomyosin activity during cytokinesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozkan-Kucuk, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qureshi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yigit, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamacioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bavili, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiraz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.24.111831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protocadherin 7 localizes to the plasma membrane during mitosis and promotes cytokinesis by a palmitoylation-dependent mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.112896v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted CRISPR screening identifies PRMT5 as synthetic lethality combinatorial target with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.112896v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging cancer to treat. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease and ineffective drug treatment modalities, the survival rate of PDAC patients remains one of the lowest. The recurrent genetic alterations in PDAC are yet to be targeted; therefore, identifying effective therapeutic combinations is desperately needed. Here, we performed an in vivo CRISPR screening in a clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model system to identify synergistic drug combinations for PDAC treatment. Our approach revealed protein arginine methyltransferase gene 5 (PRMT5) as a promising druggable candidate whose inhibition creates synergistic vulnerability of PDAC cells to gemcitabine. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition results indicate that of PRMT5 depletion results in synergistic cytotoxicity with Gem due to depleted replication protein A (RPA) levels and an impaired non-homology end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. Thus, the novel combination creates conditional lethality through the accumulation of excessive DNA damage and cell death, both in vitro and in vivo. The findings demonstrate that unbiased genetic screenings combined with a clinically relevant model system is an effective approach in identifying synthetic lethal drug combinations for cancer treatment.

STATEMENT of SIGNIFICANCEIdentify synergistic drug combinations for PDAC is a significant unmet need. Through CRISPR screening, we discovered and validated that PRMT5 depletion creates synergistic vulnerability of PDAC cells to gemcitabine. Mechanistically, the combination impairs DNA repair, synergistic accumulation of DNA damage and cell death in vitro and in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adair, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuscu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Hara, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirlenk, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habieb, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bauer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.25.112896</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted CRISPR screening identifies PRMT5 as synthetic lethality combinatorial target with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116897v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NF45/NF90-mediated rDNA transcription provides a novel target for immunosuppressant development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.26.116897v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Herein, we demonstrate that NFAT, a key regulator of the immune response, translocates from cytoplasm to nucleolus and interacts with NF45/NF90 complex to collaboratively promote rDNA transcription via triggering the directly binding of NF45/NF90 to the ARRE2-like sequences in rDNA promoter upon T cell activation in vitro. The elevated pre-rRNA level of T cells is also observed in both mouse heart or skin transplantation models, and in kidney transplanted patients. Importantly, T cell activation can be significantly suppressed by inhibiting NF45/NF90-dependent rDNA transcription. Amazingly, CX5461, a rDNA transcription specific inhibitor, outperformed FK506, the most commonly used immunosuppressant, both in terms of potency and off-target activity (i.e. toxicity), as demonstrated by a series of skin and heart allograft models. Collectively, this reveals NF45/NF90-mediated rDNA transcription as a novel signaling pathway essential for T cell activation and as a new target for the development of safe and effective immunosuppressants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsiang-i, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eriksson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.26.116897</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NF45/NF90-mediated rDNA transcription provides a novel target for immunosuppressant development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.118661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Light-Sheet Fluorescence Imaging Charts the Gastrula Origin of Vascular Endothelial Cells in Early Zebrafish Embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.27.118661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It remains challenging to construct a complete cell lineage map of the origin of vascular endothelial cells in any vertebrate embryo. Here, we report the application of in toto light-sheet fluorescence imaging of embryos to tracing the origin of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) at single-cell resolution in zebrafish. We first adapted a previously-reported method to mount embryos and light-sheet imaging, created an alignment, fusion, and extraction all-in-one software (AFEIO) for processing big data, and performed quantitative analysis of cell lineage relationships using commercially-available Imaris software. Our data revealed that vascular ECs originated from broad regions of the gastrula along the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior axes, of which the dorsal-anterior cells contributed to cerebral ECs, the dorsal-lateral cells to anterior trunk ECs, and the ventral-lateral cells to posterior trunk and tail ECs. Therefore, this work, to our knowledge, charts the first comprehensive map of the gastrula origin of vascular ECs in zebrafish, and has potential applications for studying the origin of any embryonic organs in zebrafish and other model organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.118661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Light-Sheet Fluorescence Imaging Charts the Gastrula Origin of Vascular Endothelial Cells in Early Zebrafish Embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.126797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep learning approach for automated cancer detection and tumor proportion score estimation of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.31.126797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background This study proposed a computational method to detect the cancer areas and calculate the tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression for lung adenocarcinoma based on deep learning and transfer learning.Patients and methods PD-L1 22C3 and SP142 IHC slides of lung adenocarcinoma samples on digitized whole-slide images (WSI) database were employed. We build a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to automatically segment cancer regions. TPS was calculated based on segmented areas and then compared with the interpretations of pathologists.Results We trained a DCNN model based on 22C3 dataset and fine-tuned it with SP142 dataset. We obtain a robust performance on cancer region detection on both datasets, with a sensitivity of 93.36% (22C3) and 92.80% (SP142) and a specificity of 93.97% (22C3) and 89.25% (SP142). With all the coefficient of determinations larger than 0.9 and Fleiss’ and Cohen’s Kappa larger than 0.8 (between mean or median of pathologists and TPS calculated by our method), we also found out the strong correlation between the TPS estimated by our computational method and estimation from multiple pathologists’ interpretations of 22C3 and SP142 respectively.Conclusion We provide an AI method to efficiently predict cancer region and calculate TPS in PD-L1 IHC slide of lung adenocarcinoma on two different antibodies. It demonstrates the potential of using deep learning methods to conveniently access PD-L1 IHC status. In the future, we will further validate the AI tool for automated scoring PD-L1 in large volume samples.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.05.31.126797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep learning approach for automated cancer detection and tumor proportion score estimation of PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic Consequences of Hormonal Interactions between Opposite-sex Twin Fetuses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In human opposite-sex twins, certain phenotypic traits of the female are affected negatively by testosterone transfer from the male, while the male may or may not be affected by the female in utero. However, no study was carried out to uncover the epigenetic basis of these effects. Here, we generated DNA methylation data from 54 newborn twins and histone modification data from 14 newborn twins, including female-female (FF), female-male (FM), and male-male (MM) newborn twins, to exclude the effects of postnatal environment and socialization, and investigated the epigenetic consequences of prenatal interactions between female and male gonadal hormones. We found that FM-Fs (female in FM twins) were distinguishable from FF twins by their DNA methylome, as were FM-Ms (male in FM twins) from MM twins. The correlation between genome-wide DNA methylation of females and males showed that FM-Fs, but not FFs, were closer to males from FM-Ms and MMs. Interestingly, the DNA methylomic differences between FM-Fs and FFs, but not those between FM-Ms and MMs, were linked to cognition and the nervous system. Meanwhile, FM-Ms and MMs, but not FM-Fs and FFs, displayed differential histone modification of H3K4me3, which were linked to immune responses. These findings provide epigenetic evidence for the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis and explain how prenatal hormone exposure is linked to reported and novel traits of childhood and adult through the epigenome in opposite-sex twins.

Author SummaryPrenatal exposure to testosterone may affect physiological, cognitive, and behavioral traits in females with male co-twins, while the males in opposite-sex twins present weak and inconsistent influences. In this study, we systematically investigated the hormonal interactions between opposite-sex twins in newborns from epigenetics including DNA methylation and histone modifications. We show that DNA methylome in FM-Fs (female in FM twins) was different from FF twins and their DNA methylomic differences were associated with cognition and the nervous system. We also suggest that FM-Ms (male in FM twins) were distinguishable from MM twins by their DNA methylome and FM-Ms versus MMs displayed differential histone modification of H3K4me3, which were linked to immune responses. Our study provides insight into the epigenetic explanation for hormonal influences between opposite-sex fetuses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.141242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic Consequences of Hormonal Interactions between Opposite-sex Twin Fetuses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency induces Alzheimer's pathology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.09.141358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThiamine diphosphate (TDP) reduction plays an important role in cerebral glucose hypometabolism, the neurodegenerative indicator, in Alzheimers disease (AD). The mechanism underlying TDP reduction remains elusive. Thus, it is critical to define the mechanism and its effect on neurodegeneration, the pathological basis of the disease occurrence and progression.

MethodsThe mRNA levels of all known genes associated with thiamine metabolism, including thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK), Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2), SLC19A3, and SLC25A19, in brain samples of patients with AD and other neurodegenerative disorders in multiple independent datasets were analyzed. TPK protein levels were further examined in the brain tissues of AD patients and control subjects. A mouse model with conditional knockout (cKO) of TPK gene in the excitatory neurons of adult brain was established.

ResultsThe brain TPK mRNA level was markedly lower in AD patients, but not in other neurodegenerative disorders. The brain TPK protein level was also significantly decreased in AD patients. TPK gene knockout in the mice caused cerebral glucose hypometabolism, {beta}-amyloid deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Cross-species correlation analysis revealed the similar changes of gene profiling between the cKO mice and AD patients.

ConclusionsThe deficiency of brain TPK, a key enzyme for TDP synthesis, is specific to AD. The cKO mice show AD-associated phenotypes and could serve as a new mouse model for AD studies. Our study provides a novel insight into the critical role of TPK in AD pathogenesis and its potential for the disease treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.09.141358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency induces Alzheimer's pathology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Functional Analyses of Hub MicroRNAs in an Integrated Gene Regulatory Network of Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.10.145185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are trans-acting small regulatory RNAs that work coordinately with transcription factors (TFs) to shape the repertoires of cellular mRNA available for translation. Despite our growing knowledge of individual plant miRNAs, their global roles in gene regulatory networks remain mostly unassessed. Based on interactions reanalyzed from public databases and curated from the literature, we reconstructed an integrated miRNA network in Arabidopsis that includes 66 core TFs, 318 miRNAs, and 1712 downstream genes. We found that miRNAs occupy distinct niches and enrich miRNA-containing feed-forward loops (FFLs), particularly those in which the miRNAs are intermediate nodes. Further analyses revealed that miRNA-containing FFLs coordinate TFs located in different hierarchical layers and that intertwined miRNA-containing FFLs are associated with party and date miRNA hubs. Using the date hub MIR858A as an example, we performed detailed molecular and genetic analyses of three interconnected miRNA-containing FFLs. These analyses revealed individual functions of the selected miRNA-containing FFLs and elucidated how the date hub miRNA fulfills multiple regulatory roles. Collectively, our findings highlighted the prevalence and importance of miRNA-containing FFLs to provide new insights into the design principles and control logic of miRNA regulatory networks governing gene expression programs in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.10.145185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Functional Analyses of Hub MicroRNAs in an Integrated Gene Regulatory Network of Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.145367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RPRH: a web-based tool for the inference of potential roles of plant microRNAs in human body 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.145367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, increasing studies reported that plant microRNAs (miRNAs) from food could be absorbed through gastrointestinal tract to regulate the physiological processes of animals. These novel cross-kingdom regulatory roles of plant miRNAs open a new field in miRNA study and drug discovery, but the lack of corresponding bioinformatics tools limit the development of this field. In this study, we built a web-based tool, RPRH (Role of Plant microRNA in Human), to infer the potential roles of plant miRNAs in human and to profile the landscape of all documented plant miRNAs regulatory functions in human. Totally, RPRH included 10414 miRNAs from 82 plant species and 18062 annotation terms like diseases, pathway, gene ontology (GO), and drugs. RPRH represents a bioinformatics resource for further investigation of cross-kingdom regulations of plant miRNAs.

Availabilityhttp://www.rnanut.net/rprh/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.145367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RPRH: a web-based tool for the inference of potential roles of plant microRNAs in human body]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hybrid Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway provides a synthetic link between sugar and phosphate metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.147082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fundamental Embden–Meyerhoff–Paranas (EMP) pathway for sugar catabolism, anabolism, and energy metabolism has been reconstituted with non-oxidative glycolysis (NOG). Although carbon conservation was achieved via NOG, the energy metabolism was significantly limited. Herein, we showed the construction of a hybrid EMP that replaced the first phase of the EMP in Corynebacterium glutamicum with NOG and revealed a metabolic link of carbon and phosphorus metabolism. In accordance with synthetic glucose kinase activity and phosphoketolase on the hybrid EMP, cell growth was completely recovered in the C. glutamicum pfkA mutant strain where the first phase of EMP was eliminated. Notably, we have revealed a phosphate-replenishing pathway that involved trehalose biosynthesis for the generation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) sources in the hybrid EMP when external Pi supply was limited. Thus, the re-designed hybrid EMP pathway with balanced carbon and phosphorus states provides an efficient microbial platform for biochemical production.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.11.147082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hybrid Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway provides a synthetic link between sugar and phosphate metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152231v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of a dominant negative mutant reveals a stalled intermediate in anthrax protective antigen pore maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.15.152231v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthrax is a severe bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, which produces a tripartite toxin that includes protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). A series of dominant-negative mutations have been previously identified that prevent the heptameric PA prepore from forming the pH-induced, membrane spanning beta-barrel pore that is required for translocation of EF and LF to the cytoplasm of the infected cell. Here we show that the dominant negative D425A mutation stalls the formation of the pore at a reversible intermediate maturation state, which exhibits many of the structural aspects of the pore but fails to form the phi({phi})-clamp and beta-barrel structure needed for full pore maturation. Overall, this structure reveals that {phi}-clamp and beta-barrel pore formation are later steps in the pathway to pore formation, thereby providing a regulatory mechanism to prevent premature translocation of EF and LF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scott, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganti, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehzabeen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>G. Bann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.152231</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a dominant negative mutant reveals a stalled intermediate in anthrax protective antigen pore maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.162438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequence structure organizes items in varied latent states of working memory neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.20.162438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In memory experiences, events do not exist independently but are linked with each other via structure-based organization. Structure context largely influences memory behavior, but how it is implemented in the brain remains unknown. Here, we combined magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings, computational modeling, and impulse-response approaches to probe the latent states when subjects held a list of items in working memory (WM). We demonstrate that sequence context reorganizes WM items into distinct latent states, i.e., being reactivated at different latencies during WM retention, and the reactivation profiles further correlate with recency behavior. In contrast, memorizing the same list of items without sequence task requirements disrupts the recency effect and elicits comparable neural reactivations. Computational modeling further reveals a dominant function of sequence context, instead of passive memory decaying, in characterizing recency effect. Taken together, sequence structure context shapes the way WM items are stored in the human brain and essentially influences memory behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.20.162438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequence structure organizes items in varied latent states of working memory neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.150367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of a gene-trap knockout mouse model of Scn2a encoding voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.23.150367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed SCN2A as one of the most frequently mutated gene in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. SCN2A encodes for voltage-gated sodium channel isoform 1.2 (Nav1.2), which is mainly expressed in the central nervous system and responsible for the propagation of neuronal action potentials. Homozygous knockout (null) of Scn2a is perinatal lethal, whereas heterozygous knockout of Scn2a results in mild behavior abnormalities. To achieve a more substantial, but not complete, reduction of Scn2a expression, we characterized a Scn2a deficient mouse model using a targeted gene trap knockout (gtKO) strategy to recapitulate loss-of-function SCN2A disorders. This model produces viable homozygous mice (Scn2agtKO/gtKO) that can survive to adulthood, with markedly low but detectable Nav1.2 expression. Although Scn2agtKO/gtKO adult mice possess normal olfactory, taste, hearing, and mechanical sensitivity, they have decreased thermal and cold tolerance. Innate behaviors are profoundly impaired including impaired nesting, marble burying, and mating. These mice also have increased food and water intake with subsequent increases in fecal excretion of more but smaller fecal boli. This novel Scn2a gene trap knockout mouse thus provides a unique model to study pathophysiology associated with Scn2a deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Eaton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lietzke, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coleman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skarnes, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koss, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.23.150367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of a gene-trap knockout mouse model of Scn2a encoding voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.168666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutant glucocorticoid receptor binding elements on Interleukin-6 promoter regulate dexamethasone effects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.24.168666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucocorticoid has been widely used as an important modulator for clinical infectious and inflammatory disease. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a transcription factor belonging to the family of nuclear receptors, regulated anti-inflammatory process and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Five putative GR and other transcription factor binding sites on interleukin (IL)-6 promoter were identified and dexamethasone could reduce LPS-induced IL-6 release. Among them, the mutant transcriptional factors NF-{kappa}B, AP-1, and Sp1-2 site decreased the basal and effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 promoter activities in different responses. GR2/3 seemed to be an important role in both basal and inducible promoter activities in LPS-induced inflammation. We concluded that the selective GR2/3 modulators may have agonistic and antagonistic combined effects and activate important signaling pathway during LPS-stimulated inflammatory process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.24.168666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutant glucocorticoid receptor binding elements on Interleukin-6 promoter regulate dexamethasone effects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.172874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preferred endocytosis of amyloid precursor protein from cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.172874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the plasma membrane is internalized via endocytosis, and delivered to endosomes and lysosomes, where neurotoxic amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) is produced via {beta}-, {gamma}-secretases. Hence, endocytosis plays a key role in the processing of APP and subsequent A{beta} generation. {beta}-, {gamma}-secretases as well as APP are localized in cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains. However, it is still unclear whether lipid rafts are the site where APP undergoes endocytosis and whether cholesterol levels affect this process. In this study, we found that localization of APP in lipid rafts was increased by elevated cholesterol level. We also showed that increasing or decreasing cholesterol levels increased or decreased APP endocytosis, respectively. When we labeled cell surface APP, APP localized in lipid rafts preferentially underwent endocytosis compared to non-raft localized APP. In addition, APP endocytosis from lipid rafts was regulated by cholesterol levels. Our results indicate that cholesterol levels regulate the localization of APP in lipid rafts affecting raft-dependent APP endocytosis. Thus, regulating the microdomain localization of APP could offer a new therapeutic strategy for Alzheimers disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, O.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.172874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preferred endocytosis of amyloid precursor protein from cholesterol-enriched lipid raft microdomains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Berberine reverses multidrug resistance in Candida albicans by hijacking the drug efflux pump Mdr1p 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical use of antimicrobials faces great challenges from the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The overexpression of drug efflux pumps is one of the major contributors to MDR. It is considered as a promising approach to overcome MDR by reversing the function of drug efflux pumps. In the life-threatening fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter Mdr1p can excrete many structurally unrelated antifungals, leading to multidrug resistance. Here we report a counterintuitive case of reversing multidrug resistance in C. albicans by using a natural product berberine to hijack the overexpressed Mdr1p for its own importation. Moreover, we illustrate that the imported berberine accumulates in mitochondria, and compromises the mitochondrial function by impairing mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial Complex I. It results in the selective elimination of Mdr1p overexpressed C. albicans cells. Furthermore, we show that berberine treatment can prolong the mean survival time (MST) of mice with a blood-borne dissemination of Mdr1p overexpressed multidrug resistant candidiasis. This study provided a potential direction of novel anti-MDR drug discovery by screening for multidrug efflux pump converters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calderone, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alterovitz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Berberine reverses multidrug resistance in Candida albicans by hijacking the drug efflux pump Mdr1p]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetics of human gut microbiome composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.26.173724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To study the effect of host genetics on gut microbiome composition, the MiBioGen consortium curated and analyzed genome-wide genotypes and 16S fecal microbiome data from 18,340 individuals (24 cohorts). Microbial composition showed high variability across cohorts: only 9 out of 410 genera were detected in more than 95% samples. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of host genetic variation in relation to microbial taxa identified 31 loci affecting microbiome at a genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) threshold. One locus, the lactase (LCT) gene locus, reached study-wide significance (GWAS signal P=1.28x10-20), and it showed an age-dependent association with Bifidobacterium abundance. Other associations were suggestive (1.95x10-10<P<5x10-8) but enriched for taxa showing high heritability and for genes expressed in the intestine and brain. A phenome-wide association study and Mendelian randomization identified enrichment of microbiome trait loci in the metabolic, nutrition and environment domains and suggested the microbiome has causal effects in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kurilshikov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medina-Gomez, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacigalupe, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radjabzadeh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roy, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raygoza Garay, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finnicum, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhernakova, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruhlemann, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turpin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lull, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barkan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornage, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szopinska-Tokov, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borisevich, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agreus, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreasson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedrani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bisgaard, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boehnke, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boomsma, D. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burk, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claringbould, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croitoru, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Duijn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duijts, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falony, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Graaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, T</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.06.26.173724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetics of human gut microbiome composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.183459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultra-Fast Homomorphic Encryption Models enable Secure Outsourcing of Genotype Imputation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.02.183459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABSTRACTGenotype imputation is a fundamental step in genomic data analysis such as GWAS, where missing variant genotypes are predicted using the existing genotypes of nearby ‘tag’ variants. Imputation greatly decreases the genotyping cost and provides high-quality estimates of common variant genotypes. As population panels increase, e.g., the TOPMED Project, genotype imputation is becoming more accurate, but it requires high computational power. Although researchers can outsource genotype imputation, privacy concerns may prohibit genetic data sharing with an untrusted imputation service. To address this problem, we developed the first fully secure genotype imputation by utilizing ultra-fast homomorphic encryption (HE) techniques that can evaluate millions of imputation models in seconds. In HE-based methods, the genotype data is end-to-end encrypted, i.e., encrypted in transit, at rest, and, most importantly, in analysis, and can be decrypted only by the data owner. We compared secure imputation with three other state-of-the-art non-secure methods under different settings. We found that HE-based methods provide full genetic data security with comparable or slightly lower accuracy. In addition, HE-based methods have time and memory requirements that are comparable and even lower than the non-secure methods. We provide five different implementations and workflows that make use of three cutting-edge HE schemes (BFV, CKKS, TFHE) developed by the top contestants of the iDASH19 Genome Privacy Challenge. Our results provide strong evidence that HE-based methods can practically perform resource-intensive computations for high throughput genetic data analysis. In addition, the publicly available codebases provide a reference for the development of secure genomic data analysis methods.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmanci, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossuat, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carpov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheon, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chilotti, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Froelicher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gama, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Georgieva, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubaux, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohno-Machado, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sofia, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Troncoso-Pastoriza, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.02.183459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultra-Fast Homomorphic Encryption Models enable Secure Outsourcing of Genotype Imputation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.195263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of potent and convergent neutralizing antibodies bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike unveil a unique epitope responsible for exceptional potency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.09.195263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the mechanism of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for effective vaccines and therapeutics development. We recently reported an exceptionally potent NAb, BD-368-2, and revealed the existence of VH3-53/VH3-66 convergent NAbs in COVID-19. Here we report the 3.5-[A] cryo-EM structure of BD-368-2s Fabs in complex with a mutation-induced prefusion-state-stabilized spike trimer. Unlike VH3-53/VH3-66 NAbs, BD-368-2 fully blocks ACE2 binding by occupying all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) simultaneously, regardless of their "up" and "down" positions. BD-368-2 also triggers fusogenic-like structural rearrangements of the spike trimer, which could impede viral entry. Moreover, BD-368-2 completely avoids the common epitope of VH3-53/VH3-66 NAbs, evidenced by multiple crystal structures of their Fabs in tripartite complexes with RBD, suggesting a new way of pairing potent NAbs to prevent neutralization escape. Together, these results rationalize a unique epitope that leads to exceptional neutralization potency, and provide guidance for NAb therapeutics and vaccine designs against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shuo Du</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yunlong Cao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qinyu Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guopeng Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaoxia Du</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runsheng He</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua Xu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yinghui Zheng</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yali Bai</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenggong Ji</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayijiang Yisimayi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qisheng Wang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning Gao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>X. Sunney Xie</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao-dong Su</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junyu Xiao</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.09.195263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of potent and convergent neutralizing antibodies bound to the SARS-CoV-2 spike unveil a unique epitope responsible for exceptional potency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.194647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive and Neural State Dynamics of Story Comprehension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.194647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding a story involves a constant interplay of the accumulation of narratives and its integration into a coherent structure. This study characterizes cognitive state dynamics during story comprehension and the corresponding network-level reconfiguration of the whole brain. We presented movie clips of temporally scrambled sequences, eliciting fluctuations in subjective feelings of understanding. An understanding occurred when processing events with high causal relations to previous events. Functional neuroimaging results showed that, during moments of understanding, the brain entered into a functionally integrated state with increased activation in the default mode network (DMN). Large-scale neural state transitions were synchronized across individuals who comprehended the same stories, with increasing occurrences of the DMN-dominant state. The time-resolved functional connectivities predicted changing cognitive states, and the predictive model was generalizable when tested on new stories. Taken together, these results suggest that the brain adaptively reconfigures its interactive states as we construct narratives to causally coherent structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayoung Song</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo-yong Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyunjin Park</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won Mok Shim</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.194647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive and Neural State Dynamics of Story Comprehension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Induction of a SALL4-dependency for targeted cancer therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.10.197434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncofetal protein SALL4 is critical for tumor cell survival, making it a promising target in cancer therapy. However, it is detectable only in a subset of cancer patients, which limits the therapeutic impact of a SALL4 targeted therapy. Here we report that SALL4 can be activated and/or upregulated pharmacologically by hypomethylating agents, such as 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC), which are used clinically, and that SALL4 negative cancer cells become SALL4 dependent following exogenous expression of SALL4. In addition, the histone deacetylase inhibitor Entinostat (ENT) negatively regulates SALL4 expression by upregulating miR-205. Both ENT and miR-205 treatment induced cell apoptosis, rescuable by SALL4 expression or miR-205 inhibition. Finally, DAC pre-treatment sensitizes SALL4 negative cancer cell lines to ENT both in culture and in vivo by upregulating SALL4. Overall, we propose a framework whereby the scope of targeted therapy can be expanded by sensitizing cancer cells to treatment by target induction and engineered dependency.

SignificanceThis proof of concept study demonstrates that targeted cancer therapy can be achieved by inducing a targetable gene establishing a survival-dependency for cancer cells. For SALL4, sequential treatment of DAC and ENT could expand the scope of SALL4 targeted cancer therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Junyu Yang</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong Gao</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhiyuan Chen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao-Chung Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Junsu Kwon</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jun Qi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi Tian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alicia Stein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanjing Liu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikki R. Kong</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue Wu</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenyi Yin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jianzhong Xi</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hongbo Luo</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leslie E. Silberstein</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Julie A.I. Thoms</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashwin Unnikrishnan</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John E. Pimanda</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel Geoffrey Tenen</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI Chai</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.10.197434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Induction of a SALL4-dependency for targeted cancer therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.199752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simple and efficient metric quantifying druggable property of chemical small molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.13.199752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One big class of drugs are chemical small molecules (CSMs), but the majority of CSMs are in very low druggable potential. Therefore, it is quite important to predict drug-related properties (druggable properties) for candidate CSMs. Currently, although a number of druggable properties (e.g. logP and pKa) can be calculated by in silico methods, the identification of druggable CSMs is still at high risk and new quantitative metrics for the druggable potential of CSMs are increasingly needed. Here, we presented normalized bond energy (NBE), a new metric for the above purpose. By applying NBE to the DrugBank CSMs whose properties are largely known, we revealed that NBE is able to describe a number of critical druggable properties including logP, pKa, membrane permeability, blood-brain barrier penetration, and human intestinal absorption. Moreover, given that the human endogenous metabolites could be served as an important resource for drug discovery, we applied NBE to the metabolites in the Human Metabolome Database. As a result, NBE shows a significant difference in metabolites from various body fluids and is correlated with some important properties including melting point and water solubility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.13.199752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simple and efficient metric quantifying druggable property of chemical small molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fibroblast growth factor 9 stimulates neurite outgrowth through NF-kB signaling in striatal cell Huntington's disease models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.207837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper development of neuronal cells is important for brain functions, and impairment of neuronal development may lead to neuronal disorders, implying that improvement in neuronal development may be a therapeutic direction for these diseases. Huntingtons disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairment of neuronal structures, ultimately leading to neuronal death and dysfunctions of the central nervous system. Based on previous studies, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) may provide neuroprotective functions in HD, and FGFs may enhance neuronal development and neurite outgrowth. However, whether FGF9 can provide neuronal protective functions through improvement of neuronal morphology in HD is still unclear. Here, we study the effects of FGF9 on neuronal morphology in HD and attempt to understand the related working mechanisms. Taking advantage of striatal cell lines from HD knock-in mice, we found that FGF9 increases neurite outgrowth and upregulates several structural and synaptic proteins under HD conditions. In addition, activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling by FGF9 was observed to be significant in HD cells, and blockage of NF-kB leads to suppression of these structural and synaptic proteins induced by FGF9, suggesting the involvement of NF-kB signaling in these effects of FGF9. Taken these results together, FGF9 may enhance neurite outgrowth through upregulation of NF-kB signaling, and this mechanism could serve as an important mechanism for neuroprotective functions of FGF9 in HD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yusuf, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.207837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fibroblast growth factor 9 stimulates neurite outgrowth through NF-kB signaling in striatal cell Huntington's disease models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.208959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for the inhibition of the papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 by small molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.17.208959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 is the pathogen responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like cysteine protease has been implicated in virus maturation, dysregulation of host inflammation and antiviral immune responses. We showed that PLpro preferably cleaves the K48-ubiquitin linkage while also being capable of cleaving ISG15 modification. The multiple functions of PLpro render it a promising drug target. Therefore, we screened an FDA-approved drug library and also examined available inhibitors against PLpro. Inhibitor GRL0617 showed a promising IC50 of 2.1 M. The co-crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro-C111S in complex with GRL0617 suggests that GRL0617 is a non-covalent inhibitor. NMR data indicate that GRL0617 blocks the binding of ISG15 to PLpro. The antiviral activity of GRL0617 reveal that PLpro is a promising drug target for therapeutically treating COVID-19.

One Sentence SummaryCo-crystal structure of PLpro in complex with GRL0617 reveals the druggability of PLpro for SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.17.208959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for the inhibition of the papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 by small molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.19.210781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gaze dynamics of feature-based distractor inhibition under the prior-knowledge and expectation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.19.210781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prior information about distractor facilitates selective attention to task-relevant items and helps the optimization of oculomotor planning. Particularly, feature-based attentional inhibition could be benefited from the pre-knowledge of critical features of the distractors. In the present study, we capitalized on gaze-position decoding to examine the dynamics of attentional deployment in a feature-based attentional task that involved two groups of dots (target/distractor dots) moving toward different directions. Specifically, this measurement revealed how pre-knowledge of the targets or distractors direction modulated real-time feature-based attentional bias. In Experiment 1, participants were provided with target cues indicating the moving direction of target dots. The results showed that participants were biased towards the cued direction and tracked the target dots throughout the task period. In Experiment 2 and Experiment 3, participants were provided with cues that informed the moving direction of distractor dots. The results showed that participants would continuously monitor the distractors direction when the distractor cue varied on a trial-by-trial basis (Experiment 2). However, when the to-be-ignored distractor direction remained constant (Experiment 3), participants would strategically bias their attention to the distractors direction before the cue onset and reduce the cost of re-deployment of attention between trials. These results suggest that monitoring the distractors feature is a prerequisite for feature-based attentional inhibition and this process is facilitated by the predictability of the distractors feature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.19.210781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gaze dynamics of feature-based distractor inhibition under the prior-knowledge and expectation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distributed Sampling-based Bayesian Inference in Coupled Neural Circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain performs probabilistic inference to interpret the external world, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain not well understood. The stimulus structure of natural scenes exists in a high-dimensional feature space, and how the brain represents and infers the joint posterior distribution in this rich, combinatorial space is a challenging problem. There is added difficulty when considering the neuronal mechanics of this representation, since many of these features are computed in parallel by distributed neural circuits. Here, we present a novel solution to this problem. We study continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs), each representing and inferring a stimulus attribute, where attractor coupling supports sampling-based inference on the multivariate posterior of the high-dimensional stimulus features. Using perturbative analysis, we show that the dynamics of coupled CANNs realizes Langevin sampling on the stimulus feature manifold embedded in neural population responses. In our framework, feedforward inputs convey the likelihood, reciprocal connections encode the stimulus correlational priors, and the internal Poisson variability of the neurons generate the correct random walks for sampling. Our model achieves high-dimensional joint probability representation and Bayesian inference in a distributed manner, where each attractor network infers the marginal posterior of the corresponding stimulus feature. The stimulus feature can be read out simply with a linear decoder based only on local activities of each network. Simulation experiments confirm our theoretical analysis. The study provides insight into the fundamental neural mechanisms for realizing efficient high-dimensional probabilistic inference.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doiron, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.212126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distributed Sampling-based Bayesian Inference in Coupled Neural Circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PIF1-MIR408-Plantacyanin Repression Cascade Regulates Light Dependent Seed Germination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.20.212340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Light-sensing seed germination is a vital process for the seed plants. A decisive event in light-induced germination is degradation of the central repressor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1). It is also known that the balance between gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) critically controls germination. But the cellular mechanisms linking PIF1 turnover to hormonal rebalancing remain elusive. Here, employing far-red light-induced Arabidopsis seed germination as the experimental system, we identified Plantacyanin (PLC) as an inhibitor of germination, which is a storage vacuole-associated blue copper protein highly expressed in mature seed and rapidly silenced during germination. Molecular analyses showed that PIF1 directly binds to the MIR408 promoter and represses miR408 accumulation, which in turn post-transcriptionally modulates PLC abundance, thus forming the PIF1-MIR408-PLC repression cascade for translating PIF1 turnover to PLC turnover during early germination. Genetic analysis, RNA-sequencing, and hormone quantification revealed that PLC is necessary and sufficient to maintain the PIF1-mediated seed transcriptome and the low-GA-high-ABA state. Furthermore, we found that PLC domain organization and regulation by miR408 are conserved features in seed plants. These results unraveled a cellular mechanism whereby PIF1-relayed external light signals are converted through PLC-based copper mobilization into internal hormonal profiles for controlling seed germination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.20.212340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PIF1-MIR408-Plantacyanin Repression Cascade Regulates Light Dependent Seed Germination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.215517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct brain networks coupled with the parietal cortex represent target location inside and outside the visual field 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.22.215517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our mental representation of egocentric space is influenced by the disproportionate sensory perception of the body. Previous studies have focused on the neural architecture for egocentric representations within the visual field. However, the space representation underlying the body is still unclear. To address this problem, we applied both fMRI and MEG to a spatial-memory paradigm by using a virtual environment in which human participants remembered a target location left, right, or back relative to their own body. Both experiments showed larger involvement of the frontoparietal network in representing a retrieved target on the left/right side than on the back. Conversely, the medial temporal lobe (MTL)-parietal network was more involved in retrieving a target behind the participants. The MEG data showed preferential connectivity in the alpha-band frequency in both networks. These findings suggest that the parietal cortex may represent the entire space around the self-body by coordinating two distinct brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.215517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct brain networks coupled with the parietal cortex represent target location inside and outside the visual field]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in COVID-19 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.23.217703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, the relationship between disease severity and the host immune response is not fully understood. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood samples of five healthy donors and 13 COVID-19 patients including moderate, severe and convalescent cases. Through determining the transcriptional profiles of immune cells, coupled with assembled T cell receptor and B cell receptor sequences, we analyzed the functional properties of immune cells. Most cell types in COVID-19 patients showed a strong interferon-alpha response, and an overall acute inflammatory response. Moreover, intensive expansion of highly cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, such as CD4+ Effector-GNLY (Granulysin), CD8+ Effector-GNLY and NKT CD160, was associated with convalescence in moderate patients. In severe patients, the immune landscape featured a deranged interferon response, profound immune exhaustion with skewed T cell receptor repertoire and broad T cell expansion. These findings illustrate the dynamic nature of immune responses during the disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zumla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maeurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.23.217703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in COVID-19 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.192310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
β-Coronaviruses use lysosomal organelles for cellular egress. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.192310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}-Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand enveloped RNA viruses that include the severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV2 (SARS-CoV2). While much is known regarding their cellular entry and replication pathways, their mode of egress remains uncertain; however, this is assumed to be via the biosynthetic secretory pathway by analogy to other enveloped viruses. Using imaging methodologies in combination with virus-specific reporters, we demonstrate that {beta}-Coronaviruses utilize lysosomal trafficking for egress from cells. This pathway is regulated by the Arf-like small GTPase Arl8b; thus, virus egress is insensitive to inhibitors of the biosynthetic secretory pathway. Coronavirus infection results in lysosome deacidification, inactivation of lysosomal degradation and disruption of antigen presentation pathways. This coronavirus-induced exploitation of lysosomes provides insights into the cellular and immunological abnormalities observed in patients and suggests new therapeutic modalities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Altan-Bonnet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altan-Bonnet, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dellibovi-Ragheb, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisher, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takvorian, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bleck, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Straus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Haan, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.25.192310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[β-Coronaviruses use lysosomal organelles for cellular egress.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.220855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NanoReviser: An Error-correction Tool for Nanopore Sequencing Based on a Deep Learning Algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.220855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanopore sequencing is regarded as one of the most promising third-generation sequencing (TGS) technologies. Since 2014, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) has developed a series of devices based on nanopore sequencing to produce very long reads, with an expected impact on genomics. However, the nanopore sequencing reads are susceptible to a fairly high error rate owing to the difficulty in identifying the DNA bases from the complex electrical signals. Although several basecalling tools have been developed for nanopore sequencing over the past years, it is still challenging to correct the sequences after applying the basecalling procedure. In this study, we developed an open-source DNA basecalling reviser, NanoReviser, based on a deep learning algorithm to correct the basecalling errors introduced by current basecallers provided by default. In our module, we re-segmented the raw electrical signals based on the basecalled sequences provided by the default basecallers. By employing convolution neural networks (CNNs) and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) networks, we took advantage of the information from the raw electrical signals and the basecalled sequences from the basecallers. Our results showed NanoReviser, as a post-basecalling reviser, significantly improving the basecalling quality. After being trained on standard ONT sequencing reads from public E. coli and human NA12878 datasets, NanoReviser reduced the sequencing error rate by over 5% for both the E. coli dataset and the human dataset. The performance of NanoReviser was found to be better than those of all current basecalling tools. Furthermore, we analyzed the modified bases of the E. coli dataset and added the methylation information to train our module. With the methylation annotation, NanoReviser reduced the error rate by 7% for the E. coli dataset and specifically reduced the error rate by over 10% for the regions of the sequence rich in methylated bases. To the best of our knowledge, NanoReviser is the first post-processing tool after basecalling to accurately correct the nanopore sequences without the time-consuming procedure of building the consensus sequence. The NanoReviser package is freely available at https://github.com/pkubioinformatics/NanoReviser.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.25.220855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NanoReviser: An Error-correction Tool for Nanopore Sequencing Based on a Deep Learning Algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.26.221747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of voltage-modulated sodium-selective NALCN-FAM155A channel complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.26.221747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resting membrane potential determines the excitability of the cell and is essential for the cellular electrical activities. NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents, which positively tune the resting membrane potential towards depolarization. NALCN channel is involved in many important neurological processes and is implicated in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite its functional importance, the mechanisms of ion permeation and voltage-modulation for NALCN channel remain elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of rat NALCN and mouse FAM155A complex to 2.7 [A] resolution. The structure reveals detailed interactions between NALCN and extracellular cysteine-rich domain of FAM155A. The non-canonical architecture of NALCN selectivity filter dictates its sodium selectivity and calcium block. The asymmetric arrangement of two functional voltage-sensors confers the modulation by membrane potential. Moreover, mutations found in human diseases were mapped to the domain-domain interfaces or the pore domain of NALCN, intuitively suggesting their pathological mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.26.221747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of voltage-modulated sodium-selective NALCN-FAM155A channel complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.218867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The landscape of micro-inversions provides clues for population genetic analysis of humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.27.218867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundVariations in the human genome have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the role of micro-inversions (MIs), generally defined as small (<100 bp) inversions, in human evolution, diversity, and health. Depicting the pattern of MIs among diverse populations is critical for interpreting human evolutionary history and obtaining insight into genetic diseases.

ResultsIn this paper, we explored the distribution of MIs in genomes from 26 human populations and 7 nonhuman primate genomes and analyzed the phylogenetic structure of the 26 human populations based on the MIs. We further investigated the functions of the MIs located within genes associated with human health. With hg19 as the reference genome, we detected 6,968 MIs among the 1,937 human samples and 24,476 MIs among the 7 nonhuman primate genomes. The analyses of MIs in human genomes showed that the MIs were rarely located in exonic regions. Nonhuman primates and human populations shared only 82 inverted alleles, and Africans had the most inverted alleles in common with nonhuman primates, which was consistent with the "Out of Africa" hypothesis. The clustering of MIs among the human populations also coincided with human migration history and ancestral lineages.

ConclusionsWe propose that MIs are potential evolutionary markers for investigating population dynamics. Our results revealed the diversity of MIs in human populations and showed that they are essential to constructing human population relationships and have a potential effect on human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-07-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.07.27.218867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The landscape of micro-inversions provides clues for population genetic analysis of humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-07-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.235630v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Cytomegalovirus Drives WDR5 to the Virion Assembly Compartment to Facilitate Virion Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.03.235630v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously reported that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) utilizes the cellular protein WDR5 to facilitate capsid nuclear egress. Here, we further show that HCMV infection drives WDR5 to the perinuclear region by a mechanism that requires viral replication and intact microtubules. WDR5 accumulated in the virion assembly compartment (vAC) and co-localized with vAC markers of gamma-tubulin ({gamma}-tubulin), early endosomes, and viral vAC marker proteins pp65, pp28, and glycoprotein B (gB). WDR5 interacted with multiple virion proteins, including MCP, pp150, pp65, pIRS1, and pTRS1, which may explain the increasing WDR5 accumulation in the vAC during infection. WDR5 was then incorporated into HCMV virions and localized to the tegument layer, as demonstrated by fractionation and immune-gold electron microscopy. Thus, WDR5 is driven to the vAC and incorporated into virions, suggesting that WDR5 facilitates HCMV replication at later stage of virion assembly besides the capsid nuclear egress stage. These data highlight that WDR5 is a potential target for antiviral therapy.

ImportanceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a large (~235-kb) genome that contains over 170 ORFs and exploits numerous cellular factors to facilitate its replication. In the late phase of HCMV infection cytoplasmic membranes are profoundly reconfigured to establish the virion assembly compartment (vAC), which is important for efficient assembly of progeny virions. We previously reported that WDR5 promotes HCMV nuclear egress. Here, we show that WDR5 is further driven to the vAC and incorporated into virions, perhaps to facilitate efficient virion maturation. This work identified potential roles for WDR5 in HCMV replication in the cytoplasmic stages of virion assembly. Taken together, WDR5 plays a critical role in HCMV capsid nuclear egress and is important for virion assembly, and thus is a potential target for antiviral treatment of HCMV-associated diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVoy, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britt, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.03.235630</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Cytomegalovirus Drives WDR5 to the Virion Assembly Compartment to Facilitate Virion Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.234153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis of strains in Pakistan reveals GH, S and L clade strains at the start of the pandemic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.234153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesPakistan has a high infectious disease burden with about 265,000 reported cases of COVID-19. We investigated the genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 strains and present the first data on viruses circulating in the country.

MethodsWe performed whole-genome sequencing and data analysis of SARS-CoV-2 eleven strains isolated in March and May.

ResultsStrains from travelers clustered with those from China, Saudi Arabia, India, USA and Australia. Five of eight SARS-CoV-2 strains were GH clade with Spike glycoprotein D614G, Ns3 gene Q57H, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) P4715L mutations. Two were S (ORF8 L84S and N S202N) and three were L clade and one was an I clade strain. One GH and one L strain each displayed Orf1ab L3606F indicating further evolutionary transitions.

ConclusionsThis data reveals SARS-CoV-2 strains of L, G, S and I have been circulating in Pakistan from March, at the start of the pandemic. It indicates viral diversity regarding infection in this populous region. Continuing molecular genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of disease severity will be important to understand virus transmission patterns and host related determinants of COVID-19 in Pakistan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghanchi, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abidi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmood, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanji, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razzak, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansar, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dharejo, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.04.234153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 genome analysis of strains in Pakistan reveals GH, S and L clade strains at the start of the pandemic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.07.242263v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Worldwide tracing of mutations and the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.07.242263v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the mutational and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for treating COVID-19 and the development of a vaccine. Here, we analyzed publicly available 15,818 assembled SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, along with 2,350 raw sequence datasets sampled worldwide. We investigated the distribution of inter-host single nucleotide polymorphisms (inter-host SNPs) and intra-host single nucleotide variations (iSNVs). Mutations have been observed at 35.6% (10,649/29,903) of the bases in the genome. The substitution rate in some protein coding regions is higher than the average in SARS-CoV-2 viruses, and the high substitution rate in some regions might be driven to escape immune recognition by diversifying selection. Both recurrent mutations and human-to-human transmission are mechanisms that generate fitness advantageous mutations. Furthermore, the frequency of three mutations (S protein, F400L; ORF3a protein, T164I; and ORF1a protein, Q6383H) has gradual increased over time on lineages, which provides new clues for the early detection of fitness advantageous mutations. Our study provides theoretical support for vaccine development and the optimization of treatment for COVID-19. We call researchers to submit raw sequence data to public databases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irwin, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.07.242263</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Worldwide tracing of mutations and the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.242891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein kinase D1 phosphorylates CBX8 to facilitate the disassociation of PRC1 complex from p16 promoter and promotes cell senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.242891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Polycomb group (PcG) protein chromobox 8 (CBX8) is the subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and recognizes the trimethylation of histone H3 on Lysine 27 (H3K27me3), and coordinates with PRC2 complex to function as epigenetic gene silencer. CBX8 plays a key role in cell proliferation, stem cell biology, cell senescence, and cancer development. However, our knowledge of CBX8 post-translational modifications remains elusive. Here, we report that protein kinase D1 (PKD1) interacts and phosphorylates CBX8 at Ser256 and Ser311 in an evolutionarily conserved motif. We found that PKD1 activation triggered by serum stimulation, Nocodazole treatment and oncogene Ras-induced cell senescence (Ras OIS) all promotes CBX8 S256/311 phosphorylation. PKD1-mediated CBX8 S256/311 phosphorylation impairs PRC1 complex integrity by reducing the binding of CBX8 to other PRC1 components BMI1 and RING1B, decreases the monoubiquitination of histone H2AK119, and results in CBX8 dissociation from its target INK4a/ARF locus and the de-repression of p16, and thus ultimately facilitates cellular senescence. CBX8 S256/311 phosphorylation also compromises hepatocellular cancer cells proliferation and migration. Collectively, these results suggest that PKD1-mediated CBX8 S256/311 phosphorylation is a key mechanism governing CBX8 function, including cell senescence and cancer cell proliferation.

Financial supportThis work was supported by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology of the Peoples Republic of China (2018YFC2000102), and from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871382 and 81571369).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.09.242891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein kinase D1 phosphorylates CBX8 to facilitate the disassociation of PRC1 complex from p16 promoter and promotes cell senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.243527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic crosstalk fine-tunes sensitivities of IRE1 and PERK signaling during unfolded protein response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.09.243527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs, a collection of phylogenetically conserved signaling pathways, termed unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, monitors the stress level in the ER and is activated to restore homeostasis. If stress is overwhelming, activation of these signaling pathways also leads to apoptosis. The initial response in the ER is fluxed into several parallel branches, i.e., IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 branch. How they coordinate in response to different ER stress levels remains largely unknown. Here, we constructed a dual-reporter system to simultaneously monitor and quantify the response of both the IRE1 and PERK branches. We found that the IRE1 and PERK branches were highly coordinated via mutual inhibition. Furthermore, IRE1 branch was more sensitive to ER stress than the PERK branch under low ER stress and IRE1 activity was attenuated under high ER stress. The differential sensitivity between the two branches arises from the interbranch inhibitor p58IPK, rather than the intra-branch inhibitor GADD34. Our results suggested a model where cells use the antagonistic crosstalk between parallel UPR signaling pathways to fine-tune their activities in response to different ER stress levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.09.243527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic crosstalk fine-tunes sensitivities of IRE1 and PERK signaling during unfolded protein response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals That Some Mutations May Affect On Both Spike Structure Damage and Ligand Binding Site 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.10.244632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are some mutations are known related to SARS-CoV-2. Together with these mutations known, I tried to show other newly mutations regionally. According to my results which 4326 whole sequences are used, I found that some mutations occur only in a certain region, while some other mutations are found in each regions. Especially in Asia, more than one mutation(three different mutations are found in QLA46612 isolated from South Korea) was seen in the same sequence. Although I detected a huge number of mutations (more than seventy in Asia) by regions, some of them were predicted that damage spikes protein structure by using bioinformatic tools.The predicted results are G75V(isolated from North America), T95I(isolated from South Korea), G143V(isolated from North America), M177I(isolated Asia), L293M(isolated from Asia), P295H(isolated from Asia), T393P(isolated from Europe), P507S(isolated from Asia), D614G(isolated from all regions) respectively. Also, in this study, I tried to show how possible binding sites of ligands change if the spike protein structure is damaged and whether more than one mutation affects ligand binding was estimated using bioinformatics tools. Interestingly, mutations that predicted to damage the structure do not affect ligand binding sites, whereas ligands binding sites were affected in those with multiple mutations.Focusing on mutations may opens up the window to exploit new future therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aktas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.10.244632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals That Some Mutations May Affect On Both Spike Structure Damage and Ligand Binding Site]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ATF3 drives senescence by reconstructing accessible chromatin profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.13.249458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin architecture and gene expression profile undergo tremendous reestablishment during senescence. However, the regulatory mechanism between chromatin reconstruction and gene expression in senescence remain elusive. The chromatin accessibility is an excellent perspective to reveal the latent regulatory elements. Thus, we depicted the landscapes of chromatin accessibility and gene expression during HUVECs senescence. We found that chromatin accessibilities are re-distributed during senescence. The senescence related increased accessible regions (IARs) and the decreased accessible regions (DARs) are mainly distributed in distal intergenic regions. The DARs are correlated with the function declines caused by senescence, whereas the IARs are involved in the regulation for senescence program. Moreover, the heterochromatin contributes most of IARs in senescent cells. We identified that the AP-1 transcription factors, especially ATF3 is responsible for driving chromatin accessibility reconstruction in IARs. In particular, DNA methylation is negatively correlated with chromatin accessibility during senescence. AP-1 motifs with low DNA methylation may improve their binding affinity in IARs and further opens the chromatin nearby. Our results described a dynamic landscape of chromatin accessibility whose remodeling contributes to the senescence program. And we identified a cellular senescence regulator, AP-1, which promotes senescence through organizing the accessibility profile in IARs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.13.249458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ATF3 drives senescence by reconstructing accessible chromatin profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.250704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-epigenetic mechanisms enable short memories of the environment for cell cycle commitment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.14.250704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells continuously survey their environment in order to make fundamental decisions, including whether to divide, migrate, or differentiate. However, a fascinating phenomenon in biology is that cells often possess memory--they temporally integrate both past and present signals to make a reliable decision. Cellular memory manifests across different biological systems over different timescales, and a variety of underlying molecular mechanisms have been proposed. Here we investigate a non-epigenetic molecular mechanism underpinning how a single yeast cell can remember its recent environmental history to decide whether to enter the cell cycle. This "memories" is encoded by the phosphorylation level of the cell cycle inhibitor Whi5. G1 cyclin Cln3 senses environmental nutrient levels and promotes cell-cycle entry by phosphorylating and thus inactivating Whi5. We developed an optogenetic system whereby the nuclear localization of Cln3 can be rapidly and reversibly controlled by light. By monitoring cellular response to different temporal profiles of Cln3, we found that cell cycle entry requires the time duration of nuclear Cln3, supporting the model of "cellular memories". Moreover, instead of the memory could last for the entire G1 phase as previously observed in glucose, we found Whi5 re-activates rapidly, with a similar half-time [~] 12 min, in a variety of nutrient and stress conditions. Our results suggest yeast cell can shortly remember its recent environmental cues to decide whether to enter the cell cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.14.250704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-epigenetic mechanisms enable short memories of the environment for cell cycle commitment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic α and β cells are globally phase-locked 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Ca2+ modulated pulsatile secretion of glucagon and insulin by pancreatic  and {beta} cells plays a key role in glucose homeostasis. However, how  and {beta} cells coordinate via paracrine interaction to produce various Ca2+ oscillation patterns is still elusive. Using a microfluidic device and transgenic mice in which  and {beta} cells were labeled with different colors, we were able to record islet Ca2+ signals at single cell level for long times. Upon glucose stimulation, we observed heterogeneous Ca2+ oscillation patterns intrinsic to each islet. After a transient period, the oscillations of  and {beta} cells were globally phase-locked, i.e., the two types of cells in an islet each oscillate synchronously but with a phase shift between the two. While the activation of  cells displayed a fixed time delay of ~20 s to that of {beta} cells, {beta} cells activated with a tunable delay after the  cells. As a result, the tunable phase shift between  and {beta} cells set the islet oscillation period and pattern. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the phase shift can be modulated by glucagon. A mathematical model of islet Ca2+ oscillation taking into consideration of the paracrine interaction was constructed, which quantitatively agreed with the experimental data. Our study highlights the importance of cell-cell interaction to generate stable but tunable islet oscillation patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sneppen, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.16.252304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic α and β cells are globally phase-locked]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription-coupled structural dynamics of topologically associating domains regulate replication origin efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.16.252668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metazoan cells only utilize a small subset of the potential DNA replication origins to duplicate the whole genome in each cell cycle. Origin choice is linked to cell growth, differentiation, and replication stress. Despite various genetic and epigenetic signatures are found to be related with active origins, it remains elusive how the selection of origins is determined. The classic Rosette model proposes that the origins clustered in a chromatin domain are preferentially and simultaneously fired, but direct imaging evidence has been lacking due to insufficient spatial resolution. Here, we applied dual-color stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution imaging to map the spatial distribution of origins within individual topologically associating domains (TADs). We found that multiple replication origins initiate separately at the spatial boundary of a TAD at the beginning of the S phase, in contrary to the Rosette model. Intriguingly, while both active and dormant origins are distributed homogeneously in the TAD during the G1 phase, active origins relocate to the TAD periphery before entering the S phase. We proved that such origin relocalization is dependent on both transcription and CTCF-mediated chromatin structure. Further, we observed that the replication machinery protein PCNA forms immobile clusters around the TADs at the G1/S transition, which explains why origins at the TAD periphery are preferentially fired. Thus, we propose a "Chromatin Re-organization Induced Selective Initiation" (CRISI) model that the transcription-coupled chromatin structural re-organization determines the selection of replication origins, which transcends the scope of specific genetic and epigenetic signatures for origin efficiency. Our in situ super-resolution imaging unveiled coordination among DNA replication, transcription, and chromatin organization inside individual TADs, providing new insights into the biological functions of sub-domain chromatin structural dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sun, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.16.252668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription-coupled structural dynamics of topologically associating domains regulate replication origin efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characteristics of fMRI responses to visual stimulation in anesthetized vs. awake mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.253500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe functional characteristics of the mouse visual system have not previously been well explored using fMRI. In this research, we examined 9.4 T BOLD fMRI responses to visual stimuli of varying pulse durations (1 - 50 ms) and temporal frequencies (1 - 10 Hz) under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia, and compared fMRI responses of anesthetized and awake mice. Under anesthesia, significant positive BOLD responses were detected bilaterally in the major structures of the visual pathways, including the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei, superior colliculus, lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus, primary visual area, and higher-order visual area. BOLD responses increased slightly with pulse duration, were maximal at 3 - 5 Hz stimulation, and significantly decreased at 10 Hz, which were all consistent with previous neurophysiological findings. When the mice were awake, the BOLD fMRI response was faster in all active regions and stronger in the subcortical areas compared with the anesthesia condition. In the V1, the BOLD response was biphasic for 5 Hz stimulation and negative for 10 Hz stimulation under wakefulness, whereas prolonged positive BOLD responses were observed at both frequencies under anesthesia. Unexpected activation was detected in the extrastriate postrhinal area and non-visual subiculum complex under anesthesia, but not under wakefulness. Widespread positive BOLD activity under anesthesia likely results from the disinhibition and sensitization of excitatory neurons induced by ketamine. Overall, fMRI can be a viable tool for mapping brain-wide functional networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DINH, T. N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.17.253500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characteristics of fMRI responses to visual stimulation in anesthetized vs. awake mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.271569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Transferable Deep Learning Approach to Fast Screen Potent Antiviral Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.28.271569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic calls for rapid development of effective treatments. Although various drug repurpose approaches have been used to screen the FDA-approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical phases against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes this disease, no magic bullets have been found until now. We used directed message passing neural network to first build a broad-spectrum anti-beta-coronavirus compound prediction model, which gave satisfactory predictions on newly reported active compounds against SARS-CoV-2. Then we applied transfer learning to fine-tune the model with the recently reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds. The fine-tuned model was applied to screen a large compound library with 4.9 million drug-like molecules from ZINC15 database and recommended a list of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds for further experimental testing. As a proof-of-concept, we experimentally tested 7 high-scored compounds that also demonstrated good binding strength in docking study against the 3C-like protease of SARS-CoV-2 and found one novel compound that inhibited the enzyme with an IC50 of 37.0 M. Our model is highly efficient and can be used to screen large compound databases with billions or more compounds to accelerate the drug discovery process for the treatment of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.28.271569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Transferable Deep Learning Approach to Fast Screen Potent Antiviral Drugs against SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.273946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein Phosphatase 1 in association with Bud14 inhibits mitotic exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.273946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitotic exit in budding yeast is dependent on correct orientation of the mitotic spindle along the cell polarity axis. When accurate positioning of the spindle fails, a surveillance mechanism named the Spindle Position Checkpoint (SPOC) prevents cells from exiting mitosis. Mutants with a defective SPOC become multinucleated and lose their genomic integrity. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the SPOC mechanism is missing. In this study, we identified the type 1 protein phosphatase, Glc7, in association with its regulatory protein Bud14 as a novel checkpoint component. We further showed that Glc7-Bud14 promotes dephosphorylation of the SPOC effector protein Bfa1. Our results suggest a model in which two mechanisms act in parallel for a robust checkpoint response: first, the SPOC kinase Kin4 isolates Bfa1 away from the inhibitory kinase Cdc5 and second, Glc7-Bud14 dephosphorylates Bfa1 to fully activate the checkpoint effector.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kocakaplan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaburk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirdok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkan, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilege, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caydasi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.273946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein Phosphatase 1 in association with Bud14 inhibits mitotic exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Homeotic Regulation of Olfactory Receptor Choice via NFI-dependent Heterochromatic Silencing and Genomic Compartmentalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Expression of one out of >1000 olfactory receptor (OR) genes is stochastic but, yet, spatially organized in stereotypic anatomical segments, or "zones", along the dorsoventral axis of the mouse olfactory epithelium. We discovered that zonal OR expression is specified by OR chromatin structure and genome architecture during olfactory neuron differentiation. Specifically, across every zone dorsally expressed ORs have higher levels of heterochromatic marks and long-range contacts than ORs expressed ventrally. However, OR heterochromatin levels and frequency of genomic contacts between ORs gradually increase towards ventral zones. Consequently, ORs from dorsal indexes accumulate high H3K9me3/H3K79me3 enrichment and become silenced in ventral zones, while ORs from ventral indexes lack activating long-range genomic interactions and, thus, cannot be chosen in dorsal segments. This process is regulated by NFIA, B, and X gradients along the dorsoventral axis, triple deletion of which causes homeotic transformations on zonal OR expression, heterochromatin formation, and genomic compartmentalization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bashkirova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monahan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osinski, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieren, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronostajski, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomvardas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.274035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Homeotic Regulation of Olfactory Receptor Choice via NFI-dependent Heterochromatic Silencing and Genomic Compartmentalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ecological specialization promotes diversity and diversification in the East Mediterranean genus Ricotia (Brassicaceae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.30.274670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its amazing biodiversity, the Eastern Mediterranean remains a highly understudied region especially when compared to the Western Mediterranean. Scarcity of such studies restrict our understanding of the processes shaping diversity across the entire Mediterranean. To this end we used a combination of molecular markers and presence/absence data from all species of the Eastern Mediterrranean genus Ricotia collected across its full geographic range to determine historical, ecological and evolutionary factors responsible for lineage-specific diversification in this genus. Network analysis based on nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA revealed high genetic structure within all lineages and phylogenetic reconstructions based on the multispecies coalescent showed that within lineage diversification corresponded to the onset of the Mediterranean climate. Reconstruction of ancestral histories indicate the genus originated within Anatolia and slowly spread across the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant using the Taurus mountains. Ecological niche models based on climatic and environmental variables suggest local populations did not go through any major distributional shifts and have persisted in present day habitats since the LGM. Furthermore, niche differentiation tests revealed significant niche differences between closely related species and showed the main variables predicting species limits to be different for each species. Our results give crucial information on the patterns and processes shaping diversity in the Eastern Mediterranean and show the main factor promoting diversification to be local environmental dynamics and ecological specialization and not large scale latitudinal movements as often reported for southern Europe. By determining regional and global patterns of diversification in an eastern Mediterranean genus we further our understanding of the major trends influencing plant diversity in the Mediterranean basin as a whole.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ozudogru, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>karacaoglu, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>akaydin, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>erik, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>mummenhoff, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SAGLAM, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.08.30.274670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ecological specialization promotes diversity and diversification in the East Mediterranean genus Ricotia (Brassicaceae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.274977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic fluctuations of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system underlie sleep state transitions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.274977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We normally regard sleep and wake as two distinct opposing brain states, where sleep requires silence of wake-promoting structures such as the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system. We set out to investigate how cortical NE dynamics and NE-related astrocytic activity relates to LC population activity during sleep states.

We show that LC displays regular phasic activity bouts during NREM sleep leading to a slow oscillatory pattern of prefrontal NE levels of which the majority of NE increases does not lead to awakening. NE troughs link to sleep spindles and continued NE decline transitions into REM sleep. Last, we show that prefrontal astrocytes have reduced sensitivity towards NE during sleep.

Our results suggest that dynamic changes in the activity of wake-promoting systems during sleep create alternation between crucial sleep processes and broadening of sensitivity towards incoming sensory input.

HighlightsO_LIExtracellular levels of norepinephrine display dynamic changes during NREM and REM sleep
C_LIO_LIPhasic activity of locus coeruleus neurons during NREM underlies slow norepinephrine oscillations
C_LIO_LISpindles occur at norepinephrine troughs and are abolished by norepinephrine increases
C_LIO_LIIncreased spindles prior to REM reflect the beginning of a long-lasting norepinephrine decline
C_LIO_LIREM episodes are characterized by a sub-threshold continuous norepinephrine decline
C_LIO_LIThe responsiveness of astrocytic Ca2+ to norepinephrine is reduced during sleep
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kjaerby, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hauglund, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dall, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joergensen, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weikop, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirase, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nedergaard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.01.274977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic fluctuations of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system underlie sleep state transitions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.282525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals early heterogeneity during ageing in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.04.282525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has relatively short lifespan and is genetically tractable, making it a widely used model organism in ageing research. Here, we carried out a systematic and quantitative investigation of yeast ageing with single-cell resolution through transcriptomic sequencing. We optimized a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) protocol to quantitatively study the whole transcriptome profiles of single yeast cells at different ages, finding increased cell-to-cell transcriptional variability during ageing. The single-cell transcriptome analysis also highlighted key biological processes or cellular components, including oxidation-reduction process, oxidative stress response (OSR), translation, ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrion that underlie ageing in yeast. Remarkably, we uncovered a molecular marker, FIT3, that was linked to mitochondrial DNA loss and indicated the early heterogeneity during ageing in yeast. We also analyzed the regulation of transcription factors and further characterized the distinctive temporal regulation of the OSR by YAP1 and proteasome activity by RPN4 during ageing in yeast. Overall, our data profoundly reveal early heterogeneity during ageing in yeast and shed light on the ageing dynamics at the single cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azad, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormick, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kennedy, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.04.282525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell RNA-seq reveals early heterogeneity during ageing in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.284927v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Kallmann syndrome-associated gene WDR11 disrupts primordial germ cell development by affecting canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.06.284927v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations of WDR11 are associated with Kallmann syndrome (KS) and congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH), typically caused by defective functions of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones in the brain. We previously reported that Wdr11 knockout mice show profound infertility with significantly fewer germ cells present in the gonads. To understand the underlying mechanisms mediated by WDR11 in these processes, we investigated the effects of Wdr11 deletion on primordial germ cell (PGC) development. Using live-tracking of PGCs and primary co-cultures of genital ridges (GR), we demonstrated that Wdr11-deficient embryos contained reduced numbers of PGCs which had delayed migration due to significantly decreased proliferation and motility. We found primary cilia-dependent canonical Hedgehog (Hh) signalling was required for proliferation of the somatic mesenchymal cells of GR, while primary cilia-independent non-canonical Hh signalling mediated by Ptch2/Gas1 and downstream effectors Src and Creb was required for PGC proliferation and migration, which was disrupted by the loss of function mutations of WDR11. Therefore, canonical and non-canonical Hh signalling are differentially involved in the development of somatic and germ cell components of the gonads, and WDR11 is required for both of these pathways operating in parallel in GR and PGCs, respectively, during normal PGC development. Our study provides a mechanistic link between the development of GnRH neurones and germ cells mediated by WDR11, which may underlie some cases of KS/CHH and ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ataliotis, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Layman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.06.284927</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Kallmann syndrome-associated gene WDR11 disrupts primordial germ cell development by affecting canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.285783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structural basis of the oncogenic mutant K-Ras4B homodimers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.07.285783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ras proteins activate their effectors through physical interactions in response to the various extracellular stimuli at the plasma membrane. Oncogenic Ras forms dimer and nanoclusters at the plasma membrane, boosting the downstream MAPK signal. It was reported that K-Ras4B can dimerize through two major interfaces: (i) the effector lobe interface, mapped to Switch I and effector binding regions; (ii) the allosteric lobe interface involving 3 and 4 helices. Recent experiments showed that constitutively active, oncogenic mutant K-Ras4BG12D dimers are enriched in the plasma membrane. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of K-Ras4BG12D homodimers aiming to quantify the two major interfaces in atomic level. To examine the effect of mutations on dimerization, two double mutations, K101D/R102E on the allosteric lobe and R41E/K42D on the effector lobe interfaces were added to the K-Ras4BG12D dimer simulations. We observed that the effector lobe K-Ras4BG12D dimer is stable, while the allosteric lobe dimer alters its helical interface during the simulations, presenting multiple conformations. The K101D/R102E mutations slightly weakens the allosteric lobe interface. However, the R41E/K42D mutations disrupt the effector lobe interface. Using the homo-oligomers prediction server, we obtained trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric complexes with the allosteric lobe K-Ras4BG12D dimers. However, the allosteric lobe dimer with the K101D/R102E mutations is not capable of generating multiple higher order structures. Our detailed interface analysis may help to develop inhibitor design targeting functional Ras dimerization and high order oligomerization at the membrane signaling platform.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kosoglu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omur, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussinov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.07.285783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structural basis of the oncogenic mutant K-Ras4B homodimers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.287987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Near-Physiological-Temperature Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography Reveals Novel Conformations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Active Site for Improved Drug Repurposing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.287987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID19 pandemic has resulted in 25+ million reported infections and nearly 850.000 deaths. Research to identify effective therapies for COVID19 includes: i) designing a vaccine as future protection; ii) structure-based drug design; and iii) identifying existing drugs to repurpose them as effective and immediate treatments. To assist in drug repurposing and design, we determined two apo structures of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 main protease at ambienttemperature by Serial Femtosecond X-ray crystallography. We employed detailed molecular simulations of selected known main protease inhibitors with the structures and compared binding modes and energies. The combined structural biology and molecular modeling studies not only reveal the dynamics of small molecules targeting main protease but will also provide invaluable opportunities for drug repurposing and structure-based drug design studies against SARS-CoV-2.

One Sentence SummaryRadiation-damage-free high-resolution SARS-CoV-2 main protease SFX structures obtained at near-physiological-temperature offer invaluable information for immediate drug-repurposing studies for the treatment of COVID19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yigin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avsar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyukdag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erol, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orhan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksoydan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besler, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oktay, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peksen, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocenler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yucel, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozabrahamyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdemoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksit, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanisali, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yefanov, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolstikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketawala, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaberg, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batyuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mariani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupitz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sn</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.287987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Near-Physiological-Temperature Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography Reveals Novel Conformations of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Active Site for Improved Drug Repurposing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Small molecules inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced aberrant inflammation and viral replication in mice by targeting S100A8/A9-TLR4 axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.09.288704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses an unprecedented public health crisis. Accumulating evidences suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dysregulation of immune system. However, the unique signature of early immune responses remains elusive. We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly induced by SARS-CoV-2 in animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could reduce inflammatory response and rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral titers in SASR-CoV-2 infected animals. Remarkably, Paquinimod treatment resulted in 100% survival of mice in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus (MHV) infection. A novel group of neutrophils that contributed to the uncontrolled inflammation and onset of COVID-19 were dramatically induced by coronavirus infections. Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain antiviral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and noncanonical neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.288704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Small molecules inhibit SARS-COV-2 induced aberrant inflammation and viral replication in mice by targeting S100A8/A9-TLR4 axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.288951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordination of two enhancers drives expression of olfactory trace amine-associated receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.10.288951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are functionally defined by their expression of a unique odorant receptor (OR). Mechanisms underlying singular OR expression are well studied, and involve a massive cross-chromosomal enhancer interaction network. Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) form a distinct family of olfactory receptors, and here we find that mechanisms regulating Taar gene choice display many unique features. The epigenetic signature of Taar genes in TAAR OSNs is different from that in OR OSNs. We further identify that two TAAR enhancers conserved across placental mammals are absolutely required for expression of the entire Taar gene repertoire. Deletion of either enhancer dramatically decreases the expression probabilities of different Taar genes, while deletion of both enhancers completely eliminates the TAAR OSN populations. In addition, both of the enhancers are sufficient to drive transgene expression in the partially overlapped TAAR OSNs. We also show that the TAAR enhancers operate in cis to regulate Taar gene expression. Our findings reveal a coordinated control of Taar gene choice in OSNs by two remote enhancers, and provide an excellent model to study molecular mechanisms underlying formation of an olfactory subsystem.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartmann, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riegler, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liberles, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.288951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordination of two enhancers drives expression of olfactory trace amine-associated receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.293753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor Edge-to-Core Transition Promotes Malignancy in Primary-to-Recurrent Glioblastoma Progression in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.293753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlioblastoma remains highly lethal due to its inevitable recurrence. This recurrence is found locally in most cases, indicating that post-surgical tumor-initiating cells (TICs) accumulate at tumor edge. These edge TICs then generate recurrent tumors harboring new core lesions. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of the edge-to-core transition (ECT) signature causing glioblastoma recurrence and sought to identify central mediators for ECT.

MethodsFirst, we examined the association of the ETC-related expression changes and patient outcome in matched primary and recurrent samples (n=37). Specifically, we tested whether the combined decrease of the edge TIC marker PROM1 (CD133) with the increase of the core TIC marker CD109 representing ECT during the primary-to-recurrence progression indicates poorer patient outcome. We then investigated the specific molecular mediators that trigger tumor recurrence driven by the ECT signature. Subsequently, the functional and translational significance of the identified molecule was validated within our patient-derived tumor edge-TIC models in vitro and in vivo.

ResultsPatients exhibiting a CD133down/CD109up signature during recurrence representing ECT displayed a strong association with poorer progression-free survival and overall survival among all tested patients. Differential gene expression identified that PLAGL1 was tightly correlated with the core TIC marker CD109 and was linked to a shorter survival of glioblastoma patients. Experimentally, forced PLAGL1 overexpression enhanced, while its knockdown reduced, the glioblastoma edge-derived tumor growth in vivo and subsequent mouse survival, suggesting its essential role in the ECT-mediated glioblastoma development.

ConclusionsECT is likely an ongoing lethal process in primary glioblastoma contributing to its recurrence partly in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism.

Key PointsO_LIECT is a pathobiological process contributing to glioblastoma lethality
C_LIO_LIThe CD133down/CD109up signature is a novel prognostic molecular biomarker in ECT
C_LIO_LIPLAGL1 regulates growth of edge-located tumor-initiating cells
C_LI

Importance of the StudyVery few studies have sought to longitudinally characterize the transition of molecular landscapes from primary to recurrent glioblastoma. Post-surgical edge-located TICs are presumably the predominant source of tumor recurrence, yet this cellular subpopulation in glioblastoma remains largely uncharacterized. This study evaluates the significance of glioblastoma edge-derived core transition (ECT) for tumor recurrence in the primary-recurrent paired sample set. We elucidate a prognostically-significant shift in molecular and cellular phenotypes associated with ECT in the CD133down/CD109up group. Moreover, our results provide clinical and experimental evidence that PLAGL1 is a mediator of glioblastoma ECT and its subsequent tumor development by the direct transcriptional regulation of the core TIC marker CD109.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashita, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelrashid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chagoya, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A. Elsayed, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komarova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohtsuka, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunieda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>I Kornblum, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kondo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.293753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor Edge-to-Core Transition Promotes Malignancy in Primary-to-Recurrent Glioblastoma Progression in a PLAGL1/CD109-mediated mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.296111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchronous and Asynchronous Response in Dynamically Perturbed Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.14.296111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We developed a Dynamic Gaussian Network Model to study perturbation and response in proteins. The model is based on the solution of the Langevin equation in the presence of noise and perturbation. A residue is perturbed periodically with a given frequency and the response of other residues is determined in terms of a storage and loss modulus of the protein. The amount of work lost upon periodic perturbation and the residues that contribute significantly to the lost work is determined. The model shows that perturbation introduces new dynamic correlations into the system with time delayed synchronous and asynchronous components. Residues whose perturbation induces large correlations in the protein and those that do not lead to correlations may be identified. The model is used to investigate the dynamic modulation of nanobodies. Despite its simplicity, the model explains several features of perturbation and response such as the role of loops and linkers in perturbation, dispersion of work of perturbation, and information transfer through preexisting pathways, all shown to be important factors in allostery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erkip, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.14.296111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchronous and Asynchronous Response in Dynamically Perturbed Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA775 Promotes Intrinsic Leaf Size and Reduces Cell Wall Pectin Level via a Target Galactosyltransferase in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.17.301705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants possess unique primary cell walls made of complex polysaccharides that play critical roles in determining intrinsic cell and organ size. How genes responsible for synthesizing and modifying the polysaccharides are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) to control plant size remains largely unexplored. Here we identified 23 putative cell wall related miRNAs, termed CW-miRNAs, in Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized miR775 as an example. We showed that miR775 post-transcriptionally silences GALT9, which encodes an endomembrane-located galactosyltransferase belonging to the glycosyltransferase 31 family. Over-expression of miR775 and deletion of GALT9 significantly enlarged leaf-related organs, primarily owing to increases in cell size. Monosaccharide quantification, confocal Raman imaging, and immunolabelling combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the MIR775A-GALT9 circuit modulates pectin level and elastic modulus of the cell wall. We further showed that MIR775A is directly repressed by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). Genetic analysis confirmed that HY5 is a negative regulator of leaf size and acts through the HY5-MIR775A-GALT9 repression cascade to control pectin level. These results demonstrate that miR775-regulated cell wall remodeling is an integral determinant for intrinsic leaf size in A. thaliana and highlight the need to study other CW-miRNAs for more insights into cell wall biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.17.301705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA775 Promotes Intrinsic Leaf Size and Reduces Cell Wall Pectin Level via a Target Galactosyltransferase in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the Mathematics of RNA Velocity I: Theoretical Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.19.304584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The RNA velocity provides a new avenue to study the stemness and lineage of cells in the development in scRNA-seq data analysis. Some promising extensions of it are proposed and the community is experiencing a fast developing period. However, in this stage, it is of prime importance to revisit the whole process of RNA velocity analysis from the mathematical point of view, which will help to understand the rationale and drawbacks of different proposals. The current paper is devoted to this purpose. We present a thorough mathematical study on the RNA velocity model from dynamics to downstream data analysis. We derived the analytical solution of the RNA velocity model from both deterministic and stochastic point of view. We presented the parameter inference framework based on the maximum likelihood estimate. We also derived the continuum limit of different downstream analysis methods, which provides insights on the construction of transition probability matrix, root and endingcells identification, and the development routes finding. The overall analysis aims at providing a mathematical basis for more advanced design and development of RNA velocity type methods in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.19.304584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the Mathematics of RNA Velocity I: Theoretical Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteasome Regulation by Reversible Tyrosine Phosphorylation at the Membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.20.305532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reversible phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating 26S proteasome function in health and disease. Over 100 phospho-tyrosine (pTyr) sites of the human proteasome have been detected, and yet their function and regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the 19S subunit Rpt2 is phosphorylated at Tyr439, a strictly conserved residue within the C-terminal HbYX motif of Rpt2 that is essential for 26S proteasome assembly. Unexpectedly, we found that Y439 phosphorylation depends on Rpt2 membrane localization mediated by its N-myristoylation. Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can trigger Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by activating Src, a N-myristoylated tyrosine kinase. Src directly phosphorylates Rpt2-Y439 in vitro and negatively regulates 26S proteasome integrity and activity at cellular membranes, which can be reversed by the membrane-associated isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). In H1975 lung cancer cells with activated Src, blocking Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by the Y439F mutation conferred partial resistance to the Src inhibitor saracatinib both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft tumor model, and caused significant changes of cellular responses to saracatinib at the proteome level. Our study has defined a novel mechanism involved in the spatial regulation of proteasome function and provided new insights into tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based anti-cancer therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.20.305532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteasome Regulation by Reversible Tyrosine Phosphorylation at the Membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanism of human dual oxidase 1 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.23.309245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dual oxidases (DUOXs) produce hydrogen peroxide by transferring electrons from intracellular NADPH to extracellular oxygen. They are involved in many crucial biological processes and human diseases, especially in thyroid diseases. DUOXs are protein complexes co-assembled from the catalytic DUOX subunits and the auxiliary DUOXA subunits and their activities are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human DUOX1-DUOXA1 complex in both high-calcium and low-calcium states. These structures reveal the DUOX1 complex is a symmetric 2:2 hetero-tetramer stabilized by extensive inter-subunit interactions. Substrate NADPH and cofactor FAD are sandwiched between transmembrane domain and the cytosolic dehydrogenase domain of DUOX. In the presence of calcium ions, intracellular EF-hand modules enhance the catalytic activity of DUOX by stabilizing the dehydrogenase domain in a position that is optimal for electron transfer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.23.309245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanism of human dual oxidase 1 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.313270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 and Malayan pangolin coronavirus infect human endoderm, ectoderm and induced lung progenitor cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.25.313270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in several somatic cells, little is known about the infection of SASRS-CoV-2 and its related pangolin coronavirus (GX_P2V). Here we present for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and GX_P2V could infect lung progenitor and even anterior foregut endoderm cells causing these cells death, which differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and GX_P2V were inhibited when treated with whey protein of breastmilk and Remdesivir, confirming that these two viruses could infect lung progenitor and even anterior foregut endoderm. Moreover, we found that SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus could infect endoderm and ectoderm. We found that whey protein blocked SARS-CoV-2 infecting these cells. In line with the SARS-CoV-2 results, GX_P2V could also infected endoderm and ectoderm, and also was inhibited by Remdesivir treatment. Although expressing coronavirus related receptor such as ACE2 and TMPRSS2, mesoderm cells are not permissive for SARS-CoV-2 and GX_P2V infection, which needed further to study the mechanisms. Interestingly, we also found that hESCs, which also express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 markers, are permissive for GX_P2V but not SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection and replication, indicating the widespread cell types for GX_P2V infection. Heparin treatment blocked efficiently viral infection. These results provided insight that these stem cells maybe provided a stable repository of coronavirus function or genome. The potential consequence of SARS-CoV-2 and animal coronavirus such as GX_P2V infection in hESCs, germ layer and induced progenitors should be closely monitored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.25.313270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 and Malayan pangolin coronavirus infect human endoderm, ectoderm and induced lung progenitor cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondria fragment and reassemble to initiate the formation and development of the nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.29.319723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The function of nuclear-localized mitochondria remains unknown. We found that mitochondria assembled dense particles to fragment and disperse into the particles, which reassembled to initiate nuclear formation and development. Individually-formed nuclei in one single cell were joined together by mitochondrial fragmentation concurrently partitioning cytoplasm to form an intranuclear inclusion (INC), whose creation was not related to herniation or invagination of the cytoplasm. Along with the nuclear transition of a mitochondrion and its neighboring counterparts, the organelle included itself in the nucleus to become nuclear mitochondrion through peripherally assembling of dense particles. New medium reversed the nuclear formation of the organelles to recovery and re-establishment via the return of the particles, which consisted of dense microvesicles (MIVs).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Che, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.09.29.319723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondria fragment and reassemble to initiate the formation and development of the nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HiCORE: Hi-C analysis for identification of core chromatin loops with higher resolution and reliability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.01.322024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (3C)-based high-throughput sequencing (Hi-C) has enabled identification of genome-wide chromatin loops. Because the Hi-C map with restriction fragment resolution is intrinsically associated with sparsity and stochastic noise, Hi-C data are usually binned at particular intervals; however, the binning method has limited reliability, especially at high resolution. Here, we describe a new method called HiCORE, which provides simple pipelines and algorithms to overcome the limitations of single-layered binning and predict core chromatin regions with 3D physical interactions. In this approach, multiple layers of binning with slightly shifted genome coverage are generated, and interacting bins at each layer are integrated to infer narrower regions of chromatin interactions. HiCORE predicts chromatin looping regions with higher resolution and contributes to the identification of the precise positions of potential genomic elements.

Author SummaryThe Hi-C analysis has enabled to obtain information on 3D interaction of genomes. While various approaches have been developed for the identification of reliable chromatin loops, binning methods have been limitedly improved. We here developed HiCORE algorithm that generates multiple layers of bin-array and specifies core chromatin regions with 3D interactions. We validated our algorithm and provided advantages over conventional binning method. Overall, HiCORE facilitates to predict chromatin loops with higher resolution and reliability, which is particularly relevant in analysis of small genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.01.322024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HiCORE: Hi-C analysis for identification of core chromatin loops with higher resolution and reliability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gait-symmetry-based human-in-the-loop optimization for unilateral transtibial amputees with robotic prostheses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.04.325720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gait asymmetry due to the loss of unilateral limb increases the risk of injury or progressive joint degeneration. The development of wearable robotic devices paves a way to improve gait symmetry of unilateral amputees. Moreover, the state-of-the-art studies on human-in-the-loop optimization strategies through decreasing the metabolic cost as the optimization task, have met several challenges, e.g. too long period of optimization and the optimization feasibility for unilateral amputees who have the deficit of gait symmetry. Here, in this paper, we proposed gait-symmetry-based human-in-the-loop optimization method to decrease the risk of injury or progressive joint degeneration for unilateral transtibial amputees. The experimental results (N = 3 unilateral transtibial subjects) demonstrate that only average 9.0{+/-}4.1min of convergence was taken. Compared to gait symmetry while wearing prosthetics, after optimization, the gait symmetry indicator value of the subjects wearing the robotic prostheses was improved by 21.0% and meanwhile the net metabolic energy consumption value was reduced by 9.2%. Also, this paper explores the rationality of gait indicators and what kind of gait indicators are the optimization target. These results suggest that gait-symmetry-based human-in-the-loop strategy could pave a practical way to improve gait symmetry by accompanying the reduction of metabolic cost, and thus to decrease the risk of joint injury for the unilateral amputees.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.04.325720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gait-symmetry-based human-in-the-loop optimization for unilateral transtibial amputees with robotic prostheses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.329169v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fluorescent sensor for spatiotemporally resolved endocannabinoid dynamics in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.329169v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are retrograde neuromodulators that play an important role in a wide range of physiological processes; however, the release and in vivo dynamics of eCBs remain largely unknown, due in part to a lack of suitable probes capable of detecting eCBs with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed a new eCB sensor called GRABeCB2.0. This genetically encoded sensor consists of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor fused to circular-permutated EGFP, providing cell membrane trafficking, second-resolution kinetics, high specificity for eCBs, and a robust fluorescence response at physiological eCB concentrations. Using the GRABeCB2.0 sensor, we monitored evoked changes in eCB dynamics in both cultured neurons and acute brain slices. Interestingly, in cultured neurons we also observed spontaneous compartmental eCB transients that spanned a distance of approximately 11 m, suggesting constrained, localized eCB signaling. Moreover, by expressing GRABeCB2.0 in the mouse brain, we readily observed foot shock-elicited and running-triggered eCB transients in the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus, respectively. Lastly, we used GRABeCB2.0 in a mouse seizure model and observed a spreading wave of eCB release that followed a Ca2+ wave through the hippocampus. Thus, GRABeCB2.0 is a robust new probe for measuring the dynamics of eCB release under both physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dudok, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farrell, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liput, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puhl, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albarran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovinger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltesz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.329169</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fluorescent sensor for spatiotemporally resolved endocannabinoid dynamics in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.330845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attractive internuclear force drives the collective behavior of nuclear arrays in Drosophila embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.08.330845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emerging collective behaviors during embryogenesis play an important role in precise and reproducible morphogenesis. An important question in the study of collective behavior is what rule underlies the emerging pattern. Here we use the Drosophila embryo as a test tube to study this question. We focus on the nuclear array without membrane separation on the embryo periphery from the nuclear cycle (NC) 11 to NC14. After live imaging with light sheet microscopy, we extract the nuclear trajectory, speed, and internuclear distance with an automatic nuclear tracing method. We find that the nuclear speed shows a period of standing waves along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis after each metaphase as the nuclei collectively migrate towards the embryo poles and partially move back. And the maximum nuclear speed dampens by 38% in the second half of the standing wave. Moreover, the nuclear density is 35% higher in the middle than the pole region of the embryo during the S phase of NC11-NC14. To find mechanical rules controlling the collective motion and packing patterns of the nuclear array, we use the deep neural network (DNN) to learn the force field from data. We find two potential strong nuclear-age-dependent force fields, i.e., the repulsive or attractive force field. Simulations with the particle-based model indicate that only if the net internuclear force is attractive and increases with distance, the pseudo-synchronous mitotic wave in a nuclear array with lower nuclear density in embryo poles can drive the collective motion with the damped standing wave of the nuclear speed, and the collective nuclear motion, in turn, maintains the non-uniform nuclear density.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.08.330845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attractive internuclear force drives the collective behavior of nuclear arrays in Drosophila embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel density-based neural mass model for simulating neuronal network dynamics with conductance-based synapses and membrane current adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.334144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nowadays, building low-dimensional mean-field models of neuronal populations is still a critical issue in the computational neuroscience community, because their derivation is difficult for realistic networks of neurons with conductance-based interactions and spike-frequency adaptation that generate nonlinear properties of neurons. Here, based on a colored-noise population density method, we derived a novel neural mass model, termed density-based neural mass model (dNMM), as the mean-field description of network dynamics of adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire neurons. Our results showed that the dNMM was capable of correctly estimating firing rate responses under both steady- and dynamic-input conditions. Finally, it was also able to quantitatively describe the effect of spike-frequency adaptation on the generation of asynchronous irregular activity of excitatory-inhibitory cortical networks. We conclude that in terms of its biological reality and calculation efficiency, the dNMM is a suitable candidate to build very large-scale network models involving multiple brain areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.09.334144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel density-based neural mass model for simulating neuronal network dynamics with conductance-based synapses and membrane current adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.337634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Auxin guides germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.13.337634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germ cells (GCs) transmit genetic information from one generation to the next. Unlike animal GCs, plant GCs are induced post-embryonically, forming locally from somatic cells. This induction is coordinated with organogenesis and might be guided by positional cues. In angiosperms, male GCs initiate from the internal layers at the four corners of the anther primordia and are gradually enclosed by parietal cell (PC) layers, leading to a concentric GC-PC pattern.1,2 However, the underlying mechanism of GC initiation and GC-PC pattern formation is unclear. Auxin affects pattern formation3 and anther development.4-11 However, whether GC formation involves auxin remains unknown. We report that the auxin distribution in pre-meiotic anthers parallels GC initiation, forming a centripetal gradient between the outer primordial cells and the inner GCs. The auxin biosynthesis genes TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED 2 (TAR2)5,12 are responsible for this patterning and essential for GC specification. SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ, a determinant for GC specification)13-15 mediates the effect of auxin on GC specification, modulates auxin homeostasis, and maintains centripetal auxin patterning. Our results reveal that auxin is a key factor guiding GC specification in Arabidopsis anthers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.13.337634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Auxin guides germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.336982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DEBKS: A Tool to Detect Differentially Expressed Circular RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.336982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various biological processes and in disease pathogenesis. However, only a small number of functional circRNAs have been identified among hundreds of thousands of circRNA species, partly because most current methods are based on circular junction counts and overlook the fact that circRNA is formed from the host gene by back-splicing (BS). To distinguish between expression originating from BS and that from the host gene, we present DEBKS, a software program to streamline the discovery of differential BS between two rRNA-depleted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) sample groups. By applying real and simulated data and employing RT-qPCR for validation, we demonstrate that DEBKS is efficient and accurate in detecting circRNAs with differential BS events between paired and unpaired sample groups. DEBKS is available at https://github.com/yangence/DEBKS as open-source software.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>She, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.336982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DEBKS: A Tool to Detect Differentially Expressed Circular RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.338863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A connectome-wide functional signature of trait anger 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.14.338863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Past research on the brain correlates of trait anger has been limited by small sample sizes, a focus on relatively few regions-of-interest, and poor test-retest reliability of functional brain measures. To address these limitations, we conducted a data-driven analysis of variability in connectome-wide general functional connectivity, which has good test-retest reliability, in a sample of 1,048 young adult volunteers. Multi-dimensional matrix regression analysis showed that individual differences in self-reported trait anger maps onto variability in the whole-brain functional connectivity patterns of three brain regions that serve action-related functions: bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and the right lateral frontal pole. Follow-up seed-based analysis confirmed that high trait anger is associated with hyperconnectivity between these three regions and the somatomotor network as well as hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity between SMA and default mode and visual networks, respectively. Supplementary targeted analyses based on theoretical and empirical grounds further revealed that high trait anger is associated with hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum. These patterns suggest that the dispositional tendency to more easily experience frustration and anger is associated with variability in the functional connectivity of brain networks supporting somatomotor, affective, self-referential, and visual information processes. The emergence of action-related brain regions from our connectome-wide analysis is consistent with trait anger as reflecting a greater propensity to provoked action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elliott, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knodt, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hariri, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.14.338863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A connectome-wide functional signature of trait anger]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.339226v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell joint detection of chromatin occupancy and transcriptome enables higher-dimensional epigenomic reconstructions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.339226v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering mechanisms in cell fate decisions requires single-cell holistic reconstructions of multi-dimensional epigenome in transcriptional regulation. Here we develop CoTECH, a combinatorial barcoding method allowing for high-throughput single-cell joint detection of chromatin occupancy and transcriptome. First, we used CoTECH to examine bivalent histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) with transcription from naive to primed mouse embryonic stem cells. Concurrent bivalent marks in pseudo-single cells linked via transcriptome were computationally derived, resolving pseudotemporal bivalency trajectories and disentangling a context-specific interplay between H3K4me3/H3K27me3 and transcription level. Next, CoTECH with H3K27ac, an active enhancer marker, revealed the regulatory basis of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in two waves of hematopoietic cells and distinctive enhancer-gene linking schemes guiding hemogenic endothelial cell (HEC) emergence, indicating a unique epigenetic control of transcriptional regulation for hematopoietic stem cell priming. Together, CoTECH provides an efficient framework for single-cell co-assay of chromatin occupancy and transcription, thus, enabling higher-dimensional epigenomic reconstructions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.339226</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell joint detection of chromatin occupancy and transcriptome enables higher-dimensional epigenomic reconstructions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.340794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome, microbiome, antibiotic resistance and host response from single throat swabs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.15.340794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, poses a severe threat to humanity. Rapid and comprehensive analysis of both pathogen and host sequencing data is critical to track infection and inform therapies. In this study, we performed unbiased metatranscriptomic analysis of clinical samples from COVID-19 patients using a newly-developed RNA-seq library construction method (TRACE-seq), which utilizes tagmentation activity of Tn5 on RNA/DNA hybrids. This approach avoids the laborious and time-consuming steps in traditional RNA-seq procedure, and hence is fast, sensitive and convenient. We demonstrated that TRACE-seq allowed integrated characterization of full genome information of SARS-CoV-2, putative pathogens causing coinfection, antibiotic resistance and host response from single throat swabs. We believe that the integrated information will deepen our understanding of pathogenesis and improve diagnostic accuracy for infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.15.340794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome, microbiome, antibiotic resistance and host response from single throat swabs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resolving transcriptional states and predicting lineages in the annelid Capitella teleta using single-cell RNAseq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.16.342709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolution and diversification of cell types has contributed to animal evolution. However, gene regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate acquisition during development remains largely uncharacterized in spiralians. Here we use a whole-organism, single-cell transcriptomic approach to map larval cell types in the annelid Capitella teleta at 24- and 48-hours post gastrulation (stages 4 and 5). We identified eight unique cell clusters (undifferentiated precursors, ectoderm, muscle, ciliary-band, gut, neurons, neurosecretory cells and protonephridia), thus helping to identify previously uncharacterized molecular signatures such as novel neurosecretory cell markers. Analysis of coregulatory programs in individual clusters revealed gene interactions that can be used for comparisons of cell types across taxa. We examined the neural and neurosecretory clusters more deeply and characterized a differentiation trajectory starting from dividing precursors to neurons using Monocle3 and velocyto. Pseudotime analysis along this trajectory identified temporally-distinct cell states undergoing progressive gene expression changes over time. Our data revealed two potentially distinct neural differentiation trajectories including an early trajectory for brain neurosecretory cells. This work provides a valuable resource for future functional investigations to better understanding neurogenesis and the transitions from neural precursors to neurons in an annelid.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.342709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resolving transcriptional states and predicting lineages in the annelid Capitella teleta using single-cell RNAseq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.17.343608v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy in PTEN-null prostate cancer by sequential intermittent anti-PI3Ka/b/δ and anti-PD-1 treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.17.343608v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prostate cancers generally lack T cell infiltration and display resistance to immune checkpoint therapies (ICT). We found that intermittent but not daily dosing of PI3K/{beta}/{delta} inhibitor BAY1082439 on a Pten-null spontaneous prostate cancer model could overcome ICT resistance and unleash CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, BAY1082439 converts Pten-null cancer cell-intrinsic immune-suppression to immune-stimulation by promoting IFN/{gamma} pathway activation, {beta}2-microglubin expression and CXCL10/CCL5 secretion. Together with its preferential Treg inhibition activity, BAY1082439 promotes clonal expansion of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells. Once primed, tumors remain as T cell-inflamed and become responsive to anti-PD-1 therapy. Our data suggest that intermittent PI3K inhibition can alleviate Pten-null cancer cell-intrinsic immunosuppressive activity and turn "cold" tumors into T cell-inflamed ones, paving the way for successful ICT.

SignificanceThe combination of ICT and targeted therapies holds great promises for broad and long-lasting therapeutic effects for cancers. However, combining ICT with anti-PI3K inhibitors have been difficult because the multifaceted effects of PI3K on both cancer cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Here we show a carefully designed anti-PI3K treatment, both in its specificity and dosing schedule, to inhibit cancer cell growth while promoting anti-tumor immunity, is critically important for successful ICT. Since the PI3K pathway is one of the most frequently altered signaling pathways in human cancers, our work may shed light on treating those cancers with PI3K activation and overcome resistance to ICT.

HighlightsO_LIIntermittent PI3K/{beta}/{delta} inhibitor BAY1082439 treatment overcomes ICT resistance
C_LIO_LIBAY1082439 turns Pten-null prostate cancer from "cold" to T cell-inflamed
C_LIO_LIBAY1082439 inhibits cancer cell-intrinsic immunosuppressive activity and Treg
C_LIO_LIBAY1082439 promotes clonal expansion and immunity of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.17.343608</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy in PTEN-null prostate cancer by sequential intermittent anti-PI3Ka/b/δ and anti-PD-1 treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.346668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel design of transcriptional factor-mediated dynamic control of DNA recombination. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.346668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic regulation is achieved by monitoring multiple levels of gene expression, from transcription to protein interaction. Unlike common temporary transcriptional regulation methods such as the use of inducible promoters, integrases permanently edit DNA sequences. Integrases, however, require especially strict regulation when implemented in synthetic genetic systems because of the irreversible result. Here we propose to improve the regulation of site-specific integrase-based genetic system by dynamically hiding one of the attB/P sites that are essential for recombination with transcriptional factors. After effectively suppressing excessive recombination, we also validated the necessity of each of the essential components in our transcriptional factor-controlled recombination (TFCR) system. The system applied transcriptional-level regulators directly on controlling the activity of existing non-transcriptional-level trans-factor proteins by inhibiting its binding to the cis-regulatory elements. We anticipate my results to provide greater robustness for integrase components to enable safer use in systems as well as be a starting point for future cross-expression level gene regulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.346668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel design of transcriptional factor-mediated dynamic control of DNA recombination.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.346692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is prognostic and associates with Slug in head and neck cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.346692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapy resistance leading to local recurrence and metastases remains highly problematic in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Single cell RNA-sequencing defined a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) signature associated with metastases in HNSCC. However, the prognostic value of the p-EMT signature and potential drivers of p-EMT in HNSCC remain unclear. Here, single sample scoring of molecular phenotypes (Singscoring) served to establish clinical p-EMT-Singscores that were significantly associated with nodal metastases and predicted overall survival in two independent HNSCC cohorts. p-EMT-Singscores correlated most strongly with EMT transcription factor (EMT-TF) Slug. In vitro, Slug promoted p-EMT, enhanced invasion, and resistance to irradiation. In patients, Slug protein levels in tumors predicted disease-free survival and its peripheral expression at the interphase to tumor-microenvironment was significantly increased in recurring patients. Thus, p-EMT represents a novel clinical risk-predictor that impacts on HNSCC patients outcome and is partly controlled by Slug.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schinke, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akyol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kranz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libl, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gires, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.346692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is prognostic and associates with Slug in head and neck cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347179v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experience-dependent alteration of mnemonic representation in early visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.20.347179v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to discriminate between stimuli relies on a chain of neural operations associated with perception, memory and decision-making. Accumulating studies show learning-dependent plasticity in perception or decision-making, yet whether perceptual learning modifies mnemonic processing remains unclear. Here, we trained participants on an orientation discrimination task, while using fMRI and TMS to separately examine training-induced changes in working memory (WM) representation. Although fMRI decoding revealed orientation-specific neural patterns during delay period in early visual cortex (V1) before, but not after, training, neurodisruption of V1 during delay period led to behavioral deficit in both phases. In contrast, both fMRI decoding and disruptive effect of TMS showed that intraparietal sulcus (IPS) represent WM content after, but not before, training. These results suggest that sensory engagement for WM is relatively independent of training but the coding format may be altered, whereas the involvement of parietal area in WM depends on training.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.20.347179</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experience-dependent alteration of mnemonic representation in early visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.340760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genetics and Evolution of Eye Color in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.25.340760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The avian eye color, generally referred to the color of the iris, results from both pigments and structural coloration. Avian iris colors exhibit striking interspecific and, in some domestic species, intraspecific variations, suggesting unique evolutionary and ecological histories. Here we tackled the genetic basis of the pearl (white) iris color in domestic pigeons (Columba livia), to elucidate the largely unknown genetic mechanism underlying the evolution of avian iris coloration. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 92 pigeons, we mapped the pearl iris trait to a 9 kb region and a facilitative glucose transporter gene SLC2A11B. A nonsense mutation W49X leading to a premature stop codon in SLC2A11B was identified as the causal variant. Transcriptome analysis suggested that SLC2A11B loss-of-function may downregulate the xanthophore-differentiation gene CSF1R, and a key gene GCH1 involved in biosynthesis of pteridine, whose absence results in pearl iris. Coalescence and phylogenetic analyses indicated the mutation originated about 5,400 years ago coinciding with the onset of pigeon domestication, while positive selection was detected likely associated with artificial breeding. Within Aves, potentially impaired SLC2A11B was found in 10 species from six distinct lineages correlated to their signature brown or blue eyes. Analysis of vertebrate SLC2A11B orthologs revealed relaxed selection in the avian clade, consistent with the scenario that, during and after avian divergence from reptile ancestor, the SLC2A11B-involved development of dermal chromatophores likely degenerated due to feather coverage. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of avian iris color variations and the evolution of pigmentation in vertebrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Si, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.25.340760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genetics and Evolution of Eye Color in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360479v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale single-cell analysis reveals critical immune characteristics of COVID-19 patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.29.360479v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysfunctional immune response in the COVID-19 patients is a recurrent theme impacting symptoms and mortality, yet the detailed understanding of pertinent immune cells is not complete. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to 284 samples from 205 COVID-19 patients and controls to create a comprehensive immune landscape. Lymphopenia and active T and B cell responses were found to coexist and associated with age, sex and their interactions with COVID-19. Diverse epithelial and immune cell types were observed to be virus-positive and showed dramatic transcriptomic changes. Elevation of ANXA1 and S100A9 in virus-positive squamous epithelial cells may enable the initiation of neutrophil and macrophage responses via the ANXA1-FPR1 and S100A8/9-TLR4 axes. Systemic upregulation of S100A8/A9, mainly by megakaryocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood, may contribute to the cytokine storms frequently observed in severe patients. Our data provide a rich resource for understanding the pathogenesis and designing effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LILarge-scale scRNA-seq analysis depicts the immune landscape of COVID-19
C_LIO_LILymphopenia and active T and B cell responses coexist and are shaped by age and sex
C_LIO_LISARS-CoV-2 infects diverse epithelial and immune cells, inducing distinct responses
C_LIO_LICytokine storms with systemic S100A8/A9 are associated with COVID-19 severity
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.10.29.360479</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale single-cell analysis reveals critical immune characteristics of COVID-19 patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.364208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ontology-Aware Deep Learning Enables Ultrafast, Accurate and Interpretable Source Tracking among Sub-Million Microbial Community Samples from Hundreds of Niches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.01.364208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The taxonomical structure of microbial community sample is highly habitat-specific, making it possible for source tracking niches where samples are originated. Current methods face challenges when the number of samples and niches are magnitudes more than current in use, under which circumstances they are unable to accurately source track samples in a timely manner, rendering them difficult in knowledge discovery from sub-million heterogeneous samples. Here, we introduce a deep learning method based on Ontology-aware Neural Network approach, ONN4MST (https://github.com/HUST-NingKang-Lab/ONN4MST), which takes into consideration the ontology structure of niches and the relationship of samples from these ontologically-organized niches. ONN4MSTs superiority in accuracy, speed and robustness have been proven, for example with an accuracy of 0.99 and AUC of 0.97 in a microbial source tracking experiment that 125,823 samples and 114 niches were involved. Moreover, ONN4MST has been utilized on several source tracking applications, showing that it could provide highly-interpretable results from samples with previously less-studied niches, detect microbial contaminants, and identify similar samples from ontologically-remote niches, with high fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.01.364208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ontology-Aware Deep Learning Enables Ultrafast, Accurate and Interpretable Source Tracking among Sub-Million Microbial Community Samples from Hundreds of Niches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.367250v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scaling up biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships: the role of environmental variability in space and time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.367250v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship is expected to be scale-dependent. The autocorrelation of environmental heterogeneity is hypothesized to explain this scale dependence because it influences how quickly biodiversity accumulates over space or time. However, this link has yet to be demonstrated in a formal model. Here we use a Lotka-Volterra competition model to simulate community dynamics when environmental conditions vary across either space or time. Species differ in their optimal environmental conditions, which results in turnover in community composition. We vary biodiversity by modelling communities with different sized regional species pools and ask how the amount of biomass per unit area depends on the number of species present, and the spatial or temporal scale at which it is measured. We find that more biodiversity is required to maintain functioning at larger temporal and spatial scales. The number of species required increases quickly when environmental autocorrelation is low, and slowly when autocorrelation is high. Both spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity led to scale dependence in BEF, but autocorrelation had larger impacts when environmental change was temporal. These findings show how the biodiversity required to maintain functioning is expected to increase over space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thompson, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kefi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelnik, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dee, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mazancourt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loreau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.367250</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scaling up biodiversity ecosystem functioning relationships: the role of environmental variability in space and time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.04.368043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing cell types and cell states is one of the fundamental questions in single-cell studies. Meanwhile, exploring the lineage relations among cells and finding the path and critical points in the cell fate transition are also of great importance.

Existing unsupervised clustering methods and lineage trajectory reconstruction methods often face several challenges such as clustering data of arbitrary shapes, tracking precise trajectories and identifying critical points. Certain adaptive landscape approach1-3, which constructs a pseudo-energy landscape of the dynamical system, may be used to explore such problems. Thus, we propose Markov hierarchical clustering algorithm (MarkovHC), which reconstructs multi-scale pseudo-energy landscape by exploiting underlying metastability structure in an exponentially perturbed Markov chain4. A Markov process describes the random walk of a hypothetically traveling cell in the corresponding pseudo-energy landscape over possible gene expression states. Technically, MarkovHC integrates the tasks of cell classification, trajectory reconstruction, and critical point identification in a single theoretical framework consistent with topological data analysis (TDA)5.

In addition to the algorithm development and simulation tests, we also applied MarkovHC to diverse types of real biological data: single-cell RNA-Seq data, cytometry data, and single-cell ATAC-Seq data. Remarkably, when applying to single-cell RNA-Seq data of human ESC derived progenitor cells6, MarkovHC not only could successfully identify known cell types, but also discover new cell types and stages. In addition, when using MarkovHC to analyze single-cell RNA-Seq data of human preimplantation embryos in early development7, the hierarchical structure of the lineage trajectories was faithfully reconstituted. Furthermore, the critical points representing important stage transitions had also been identified by MarkovHC from early gastric cancer data8.

In summary, these results demonstrate that MarkovHC is a powerful tool based on rigorous metastability theory to explore hierarchical structures of biological data, to identify a cell sub-population (basin) and a critical point (stage transition), and to track a lineage trajectory (differentiation path).

HighlightsO_LIMarkovHC explores the topology hierarchy in high-dimensional data.
C_LIO_LIMarkovHC can find clusters (basins) and cores (attractors) of clusters in different scales.
C_LIO_LIThe trajectory of state transition (transition paths) and critical points in the process of state transition (critical points) among clusters can be tracked.
C_LIO_LIMarkovHC can be applied on diverse types of single-cell omics data.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.04.368043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MarkovHC: Markov hierarchical clustering for the topological structure of high-dimensional single-cell omics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Fast Lysine Cross-linker DOPA Enables Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Protein Unfolding and Weak Protein-protein Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemical cross-linking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry analysis (CXMS) has become a widely used method for protein structure analysis. Central to this technology are chemical cross-linkers. The most popular cross-linkers are N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters, which react with protein amino groups relatively slowly over 10 minutes or more while in competition with the hydrolysis reaction of NHS esters. To improve the speed of cross-linking, we developed a new class of amine-selective and non-hydrolyzable di-ortho-phthalaldehyde (DOPA) cross-linkers. DOPA can cross-link proteins in 10 seconds under near physiological conditions, which is 60 times faster than the NHS ester cross-linker DSS. DOPA also works at low pH, low temperature, or in the presence of high concentrations of denaturants such as 8 M urea or 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Further, DOPA-mediated pulse cross-linking captured the dynamic conformational changes associated with RNase A unfolding. Lastly, DOPA outperformed DSS at capturing weak but specific protein-protein interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.369280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Fast Lysine Cross-linker DOPA Enables Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Protein Unfolding and Weak Protein-protein Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dimerization of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor LigandBinding Domain by helix 9, 10 and the F-domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.369587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vertebrates, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a steroid-activated nuclear receptor (NR) that plays essential roles in water-electrolyte balance and blood pressure homeostasis. It belongs to the group of oxo-steroidian NRs, together with the glucocorticoid (GR), progesterone (PR), and androgen (AR) receptors. Classically, these oxo-steroidian NRs homodimerize and bind to specific genomic sequences to activate gene expression. NRs are multi-domain proteins, and dimerization is mediated by both the DNA (DBD) and ligand binding (LBD) domains, with the latter thought to provide the largest dimerization interface. However, at the structural level, the LBD dimerization of oxo-steroidian receptors has remained largely a matter of debate. This is linked to the receptor refractory expression, purification and crystallization. As a result, there is currently no consensus on a common homodimer assembly across the 4 receptors, i.e. GR, PR, AR and MR, despite their sequence homology. Examining the available MR LBD crystals and using widely plebiscited tools such as PISA, PRISM and EPPIC, and the MM/PBSA method, we have determined that an interface mediated by the helices H9 and H10 of the LBD as well as by the F domain presents the features of a biological protein-protein interaction surface. This interface which has been observed in both GR and MR crystals, distinguished itself among other contacts and provided for the first time a homodimer architecture that is common to both oxo-steroidian receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BIANCHETTI, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sinar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Depenveiller, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dejaegere, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.369587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dimerization of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor LigandBinding Domain by helix 9, 10 and the F-domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.370320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aurora Kinase A proximity interactome reveals centriolar satellites as regulators of its function during primary cilium biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.05.370320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is a conserved kinase that plays crucial roles in numerous cellular processes. Although AURKA overexpression is frequent in human cancers, its pleiotropic functions and complex spatiotemporal regulation have presented challenges in its therapeutic targeting. An essential step to overcome these challenges is the identification of the full range of AURKA regulators and substrates, which are often weak and transient. Previous proteomic studies were limited in monitoring dynamic and non-mitotic AURKA interactions. Here, we generated the first in vivo proximity interactome of AURKA, which consisted of over 100 proteins involving multiple biological processes and cellular compartments. Importantly, AURKA had extensive proximity interactions to centriolar satellites, key regulators of the primary cilium. Affinity pulldown and phosphoproteomics experiments confirmed this proximity relationship at the physical level. Loss-of-function experiments defined satellites as negative regulators of AURKA activity, abundance and localization in quiescent cells. Notably, loss of satellites increased AURKA activation at the basal body and resulted in defective cilium assembly and enhanced cilium disassembly. Collectively, our results provide a powerful resource for dissecting AURKA function and regulation and uncover proteostatic regulation of AURKA by centriolar satellites as a new regulatory mechanism for its non-mitotic functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arslanhan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rauniyar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yates, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.05.370320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aurora Kinase A proximity interactome reveals centriolar satellites as regulators of its function during primary cilium biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Target-driven design of a coumarinyl chalcone scaffold based novel EF2 Kinase inhibitor suppresses breast cancer growth in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.371062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), an unusual alpha kinase, is involved in protein synthesis through phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 (EF2). eEF-2K is indicated as one of the critical drivers of breast cancer and associated with poor clinical prognosis, representing a potential molecular target. The crystal structure of eEF-2K is unknown and there is no potent and effective eEF-2K inhibitor reported for clinical applications. To meet this challenge, we designed and synthesized several generations of potential inhibitor compounds and performed in silico studies. The effect of the inhibitors at the binding pocket of eEF-2K is analyzed after developing a 3D target model by homology modeling approaches using a domain of another -kinase called myosin heavy-chain kinase A (MHCKA) that is closely resembling eEF-2K. Our results showed that compounds with coumarin-chalcone cores have a high predicted binding affinity for binding to eEF-2K. Following in vitro studies, we identified a compound that was highly effective in inhibiting eEF-2K activity at submicromolar concentrations and inhibited proliferation of various breast cancer cells with different features (BT20, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MCF-7) by induction of apoptosis while sparing normal cells. In vivo systemic administration of the the lead inhibitor encapsulated in single lipid-based nanoparticles twice a week significantly supressed growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors in orthotopic breast cancer models in nude mice. In conclusion, our study provides the first in vivo effective small molecule eEF-2K inhibitor that may be used for molecularly targeted precison medicine strategies in breast cancer or other eEF-2K-dependent tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Comert Onder, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellur Atici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cagir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandemir, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatar, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin Tok, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karliga, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.371062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Target-driven design of a coumarinyl chalcone scaffold based novel EF2 Kinase inhibitor suppresses breast cancer growth in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372144v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Knockdown of LC3 increases mitochondria-to-micronucleus transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.06.372144v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear-localized mitochondria were discovered over sixty years ago1; however, the function of these organelles in the initiation of nuclear formation and development remains unknown. Here, we showed that mitochondria fragmented into dense particles to initiate and develop a nucleus, and multiple nuclei were separately and simultaneously formed by fragmented mitochondria in a single cell. The combination of nuclei individually constructed by the mitochondrial assembly of dense particles for nuclear transition partitioned the cytoplasm to form an intranuclear inclusion (INC), whose formation was not related to herniation or invagination of the cytoplasm. During nuclear conversion of itself and neighbouring organelles, the mitochondrion was incorporated into the nucleus to become a nuclear mitochondrion. Knockdown of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), a key autophagic protein, increased free micronuclei by delaying nuclear fusion and enhancing the mitochondria-to-micronuclei transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.372144</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Knockdown of LC3 increases mitochondria-to-micronucleus transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.07.372334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simultaneous, cell-intrinsic downregulation of PD-1 and TIGIT enhances the effector function of CD19-targeting CAR T cells and promotes an early-memory phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.07.372334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have become an important therapeutic option for patients with relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies. However, recent clinical data indicate that a significant portion of patients still do not benefit from the therapy owing to various resistance mechanisms, including high expression of multiple inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors on activated CAR T cells. Here, we report a lentiviral two-in-one CAR T approach in which two checkpoint receptors are downregulated simultaneously by a dual short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) cassette integrated into a CAR vector. Using this system, we evaluated CD19-targeting CAR T cells in the context of four different checkpoint combinations--PD-1/TIM-3, PD-1/LAG-3, PD-1/CTLA-4 and PD-1/TIGIT--and found that CAR T cells with PD-1/TIGIT downregulation uniquely exerted synergistic antitumor effects in mouse xenograft models compared with PD-1 single downregulation, and maintained cytolytic and proliferative capacity upon repeated antigen exposure. Importantly, functional and phenotypic analyses of CAR T cells as well as analyses of transcriptomic profiles suggested that downregulation of PD-1 enhances short-term effector function, whereas downregulation of TIGIT is primarily responsible for maintaining a less-differentiated/exhausted state, providing a potential mechanism for the observed synergy. The PD-1/TIGIT-downregulated CAR T cells generated from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient-derived T cells using a clinically applicable manufacturing process also showed robust antitumor activity and significantly improved persistence in vivo compared with conventional CD19-targeting CAR T cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that the cell-intrinsic PD-1/TIGIT dual downregulation strategy may prove effective in overcoming immune checkpoint-mediated resistance in CAR T therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hupperetz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singer, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.07.372334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simultaneous, cell-intrinsic downregulation of PD-1 and TIGIT enhances the effector function of CD19-targeting CAR T cells and promotes an early-memory phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.374827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SlSWEET15 exports sucrose from phloem and seed coat in tomato to supply carbon for fruit and seed development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.09.374827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tomato, an important fruit crop worldwide, requires efficient sugar allocation for fruit development. However, molecular mechanisms for sugar import to fruits remain poorly understood. Expression of SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) proteins is closely linked with hexose ratio in tomato fruits and may be involved in sugar allocation. Here, using quantitative PCR, we discovered that SlSWEET15 was highly expressed in developing fruits compared to vegetative organs. Based on in situ hybridization and GUS fusion analyses, SlSWEET15 proteins accumulated in vascular tissues and seed coats, major sites of sucrose unloading in fruits. Localizing SlSWEET15-GFP to the plasma membrane supported its putative role in apoplasmic sucrose unloading. The sucrose transport activity of SlSWEET15 was confirmed by complementary growth assays in a yeast mutant. Elimination of the SlSWEET15 function by CRISPR/cas9 gene editing significantly decreased average sizes and weights of fruits, with severe defects in seed filling and embryo development. Together, we confirmed the role of SlSWEET15 in mediating sucrose efflux from the releasing phloem to the fruit apoplasm and subsequent import into parenchyma cells during fruit development. Furthermore, SlSWEET15-mediated sucrose efflux was also required for sucrose unloading from the seed coat to the developing embryo.

One-sentence SummarySlSWEET15, a specific sucrose uniporter in tomato, mediates apoplasmic sucrose unloading from releasing phloem cells and seed coat for carbon supply during fruit expansion and seed filling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ko, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhaus, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.09.374827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SlSWEET15 exports sucrose from phloem and seed coat in tomato to supply carbon for fruit and seed development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD127 imprints functional heterogeneity to diversify monocyte responses in human inflammatory diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.10.376277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies on human monocytes historically focused on characterization of bulk responses, whereas functional heterogeneity is largely unknown. Here, we identified an inducible population of CD127-expressing human monocytes under inflammatory conditions and named the subset M127. M127 is nearly absent in healthy individuals yet abundantly present in patients with infectious and inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19 and rheumatoid arthritis. Multiple genomic and functional approaches revealed unique gene signatures of M127 and unified anti-inflammatory properties imposed by the CD127-STAT5 axis. M127 expansion correlated with mild COVID-19 disease outcomes. Thereby, we phenotypically and molecularly characterized a human monocyte subset marked by CD127 that retained anti-inflammatory properties within the pro-inflammatory environments, uncovering remarkable functional diversity among monocytes and signifying M127 as a potential therapeutic target for human inflammatory disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ping, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.10.376277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD127 imprints functional heterogeneity to diversify monocyte responses in human inflammatory diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.377622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative genomic analyses provide clues to capsule switch in Streptococcus suis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.11.377622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major bacterial pathogen in swine industry and also an emerging zoonotic agent. S. suis produces an important extracellular component, capsular polysaccharides (CPS). Based on which, dozens of serotypes have been identified. Through virulence genotyping, we uncovered the relatedness between proportions of SS2, SS3 and SS7 strains despite their differences in serotypes. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used to characterize whole S. suis population, revealing that there is capsule switch between S. suis strains. Importantly, capsule switch occurred in SS2, 3 and 7 strains belonging to CC28 and CC29, which is phylogenetically distinct from the main CC1 SS2 lineage. To further explore capsule switch in S. suis, comparative genomic analyses were performed using available S. suis complete genomes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that SS2 strains can be divided into two clades (1 and 2), and those classified into clade 2 are colocalized with SS3 and SS7 strains, which is in accordance with above virulence genotyping and MLST analyses. Clade 2 SS2 strains presented high genetic similarity with SS3 and SS7 and shared common competence and defensive elements, but are significantly different from Clade 1 SS2 strains. Notably, although the cps locus shared by Clade 1 and 2 SS2 strains is almost the same, a specific region in cps locus of strain NSUI002 (Clade 2 SS2) can be found in SS3 cps locus, but not in Clade 1 SS2 strain. These data indicated that SS2 strains appeared in CC28 and CC29 might acquire cps locus through capsule switch, which could well explain the distinction of genetic lineages within SS2 population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.11.377622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative genomic analyses provide clues to capsule switch in Streptococcus suis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381244v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free bone marrow white blood cell classification using refractive index tomograms and deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.13.381244v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we report a label-free bone marrow white blood cell classification framework that captures the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) distributions of individual cells and analyzes with deep learning. Without using labeling or staining processes, 3D RI distributions of individual white blood cells were exploited for accurate profiling of their subtypes. Powered by deep learning, our method used the high-dimensional information of the WBC RI tomogram voxels and achieved high accuracy. The results show >99 % accuracy for the binary classification of myeloids and lymphoids and >96 % accuracy for the four-type classification of B, T lymphocytes, monocytes, and myelocytes. Furthermore, the feature learning of our approach was visualized via an unsupervised dimension reduction technique. We envision that this framework can be integrated into existing workflows for blood cell investigation, thereby providing cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of hematologic malignancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.13.381244</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free bone marrow white blood cell classification using refractive index tomograms and deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepMosaic: Control-independent mosaic single nucleotide variant detection using deep convolutional neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.14.382473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Introductory paragraphMosaic variants (MVs) reflect mutagenic processes during embryonic development1 and environmental exposure2, accumulate with aging, and underlie diseases such as cancer and autism3. The detection of MVs has been computationally challenging due to sparse representation in non-clonally expanded tissues. While heuristic filters and tools trained on clonally expanded MVs with high allelic fractions are proposed, they show relatively lower sensitivity and more false discoveries4-9. Here we present DeepMosaic, combining an image-based visualization module for single nucleotide MVs, and a convolutional neural networks-based classification module for control-independent MV detection. DeepMosaic achieved higher accuracy compared with existing methods on biological and simulated sequencing data, with a 96.34% (158/164) experimental validation rate. Of 932 mosaic variants detected by DeepMosaic in 16 whole genome sequenced samples, 21.89-58.58% (204/932-546/932) MVs were overlooked by other methods. Thus, DeepMosaic represents a highly accurate MV classifier that can be implemented as an alternative or complement to existing methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuss, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antaki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ball, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abyzov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebat, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleeson, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.14.382473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepMosaic: Control-independent mosaic single nucleotide variant detection using deep convolutional neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of BMP signaling during early development of the annelid Capitella teleta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.15.383695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanisms regulating nervous system development are still unknown for a wide variety of taxa. In insects and vertebrates, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a key role in establishing the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis and limiting the neuroectoderm to one side of that axis, leading to speculation about the conserved evolution of centralized nervous systems. Studies outside of insects and vertebrates show a more diverse picture of what, if any role, BMP signaling plays in neural development across Bilateria. This is especially true in the morphologically diverse Spiralia (~Lophotrochozoa). Despite several studies of D-V axis formation and neural induction in spiralians, there is no consensus for how these two processes are related, or whether BMP signaling may have played an ancestral role in either process. To determine the function of BMP signaling during early development of the spiralian annelid Capitella teleta, we incubated embryos and larvae in BMP4 protein for different amounts of time. Adding exogenous BMP protein to early-cleaving C. teleta embryos had a striking effect on formation of the brain, eyes, foregut, and ventral midline in a time-dependent manner. However, adding BMP did not block brain or VNC formation or majorly disrupt the D-V axis. We identified three key time windows of BMP activity. 1) BMP treatment around birth of the 3rd-quartet micromeres caused the loss of the eyes, radialization of the brain, and a reduction of the foregut, which we interpret as a loss of A- and C-quadrant identities with a possible trans-fate switch to a D-quadrant identity. 2) Treatment after birth of micromere 4d induced formation of a third ectopic brain lobe, eye, and foregut lobe, which we interpret as a trans-fate switch of B-quadrant micromeres to a C-quadrant identity. 3) Continuous BMP treatment from late cleavage (4d + 12h) through mid-larval stages resulted in a modest expansion of Ct-chrdl expression in the dorsal ectoderm and a concomitant loss of the ventral midline (neurotroch ciliary band). Loss of the ventral midline was accompanied by a collapse of the bilaterally-symmetric ventral nerve cord, although the total amount of neural tissue did not appear to be greatly affected. Our results compared to those from other annelids and molluscs suggest that BMP signaling was not ancestrally involved in delimiting neural tissue to one region of the D-V axis. However, the effects of ectopic BMP on quadrant-identity during cleavage stages may represent a non-axial organizing signal that was present in the last common ancestor of annelids and mollusks. Furthermore, in the last common ancestor of annelids, BMP signaling may have functioned in patterning ectodermal fates along the D-V axis in the trunk. Ultimately, studies on a wider range of spiralian taxa are needed to determine the role of BMP signaling during neural induction and neural patterning in the last common ancestor of this group. Ultimately, these comparisons will give us insight into the evolutionary origins of centralized nervous systems and body plans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corbet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.15.383695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of BMP signaling during early development of the annelid Capitella teleta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.386102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scPretrain: Multi-task self-supervised learning for cell type classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.386102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapidly generated scRNA-seq datasets enable us to understand cellular differences and the function of each individual cell at single-cell resolution. Cell type classification, which aims at characterizing and labeling groups of cells according to their gene expression, is one of the most important steps for single-cell analysis. To facilitate the manual curation process, supervised learning methods have been used to automatically classify cells. Most of the existing supervised learning approaches only utilize annotated cells in the training step while ignoring the more abundant unannotated cells. In this paper, we proposed scPretrain, a multi-task self-supervised learning approach that jointly considers annotated and unannotated cells for cell type classification. scPretrain consists of a pre-training step and a fine-tuning step. In the pre-training step, scPretrain uses a multi-task learning framework to train a feature extraction encoder based on each datasets pseudo-labels, where only unannotated cells are used. In the fine-tuning step, scPretrain fine-tunes this feature extraction encoder using the limited annotated cells in a new dataset. We evaluated scPretrain on 60 diverse datasets from different technologies, species and organs, and obtained a significant improvement on both cell type classification and cell clustering. Moreover, the representations obtained by scPretrain in the pre-training step also enhanced the performance of conventional classifiers such as random forest, logistic regression and support vector machines. scPretrain is able to effectively utilize the massive amount of unlabelled data and be applied to annotating increasingly generated scRNA-seq datasets.

Availabilityhttps://github.com/ruiyi-zhang/scPretrain
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.386102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scPretrain: Multi-task self-supervised learning for cell type classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.387787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate traits govern the assembly and spatial organization of microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.387787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic division of labor (MDOL) is widespread in nature, whereby a complex metabolic pathway is shared between different strains within a community for mutual benefit. However, little is known about how the mutual interactions in the microbial community engaged in MDOL are regulated. We hypothesized that when degradation of an organic compound is carried out via MDOL, the substrate traits (i.e., concentration and its toxicity) modulate the benefit allocation between the two microbial populations, thus affecting the structure of this community. We tested this hypothesis by combining mathematical modelling with experiments using engineered synthetic microbial consortia. Numerous modelling analyses suggested that the proportion of the population executing the first metabolic step can be simply estimated by Monod-like formulas governed by substrate traits. The model and the proposed formula quantitatively predicted the structure of our synthetic consortia composed of two strains degrading salicylate through MDOL. Individual-based modelling and colony pattern formation assays further indicated that our rule is also applicable to estimating community structure in spatially structured environments. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the microbial communities can be quantitatively predicted from simple environmental factors, such as substrate concentration and its toxicity, which provides novel perspectives on understanding the assembly of natural communities, as well as insights into how to manage artificial microbial systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.387787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate traits govern the assembly and spatial organization of microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.389197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recurrent circuit based neural population codes for stimulus representation and inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.18.389197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large part of the synaptic input received by cortical neurons comes from local cortico-cortical connectivity. Despite their abundance, the role of local recurrent connections in cortical function is unclear, and in simple coding schemes it is often the case that a circuit with no recurrent connections performs optimally. We consider a recurrent excitatory-inhibitory circuit model of a cortical hypercolumn which performs sampling-based Bayesian inference to infer latent hierarchical stimulus features. We show that local recurrent connections can store an internal model of the correlations between stimulus features that are present in the external world. When the resulting recurrent input is combined with feedforward input it produces a population code from which the posterior over the stimulus features can be linearly read out. Internal Poisson spiking variability provides the proper fluctuations for the population to sample stimulus features, yet the resultant population variability is aligned along the stimulus feature direction, producing differential correlations. Importantly, the amplitude of these internally generated differential correlations is determined by the associative prior in the model stored in the recurrent connections. This provides experimentally testable predictions for how population connectivity and response variability are related to the structure of latent external stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doiron, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.389197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recurrent circuit based neural population codes for stimulus representation and inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structural mechanism underlying the antithetic effect of homologous RND1 and RhoD GTPases in plexin regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.19.389494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plexins are semaphorin receptors that play essential roles in neuronal axon guidance and in many other important biological processes. Plexin signaling depends on a semaphorin-induced dimerization mechanism, and is modulated by small signaling GTPases of the Rho family, of which RND1 serves as a plexin activator yet its close homolog RhoD an inhibitor. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we showed that RND1 reinforces plexin dimerization interface whereas RhoD destabilizes it due to their differential interaction with cell membrane. Upon binding plexin dimers at the Rho-GTPase binding (RBD) domains, RND1 and RhoD interact differently with the inner leaflet of cell membrane, and exert opposite effects on the dimerization interface via an allosteric network involving the RBD domain, RBD linkers, and a buttress segment adjacent to the dimerization interface. The differential membrane interaction is attributed to the fact that, unlike RND1, RhoD features a short C-terminal tail and a positively-charged membrane interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.19.389494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structural mechanism underlying the antithetic effect of homologous RND1 and RhoD GTPases in plexin regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular engineering improves antigen quality and enables integrated manufacturing of a trivalent subunit vaccine candidate for rotavirus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.20.391532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundVaccines comprising recombinant subunit proteins are well-suited to low-cost and high-volume production for global use. The design of manufacturing processes to produce subunit vaccines depends, however, on the inherent biophysical traits presented by an individual antigen of interest. New candidate antigens typically require developing custom processes for each one and may require unique steps to ensure sufficient yields without product-related variants.

ResultsWe describe a holistic approach for the molecular design of recombinant protein antigens--considering both their manufacturability and antigenicity--informed by bioinformatic analyses such as RNA-seq, ribosome profiling, and sequence-based prediction tools. We demonstrate this approach by engineering the product sequences of a trivalent non-replicating rotavirus vaccine (NRRV) candidate to improve titers and mitigate product variants caused by N-terminal truncation, hypermannosylation, and aggregation. The three engineered NRRV antigens retained their original antigenicity and immunogenicity, while their improved manufacturability enabled concomitant production and purification of all three serotypes in a single, end-to-end perfusion-based process using the biotechnical yeast Komagataella phaffii.

ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that molecular engineering of subunit antigens using advanced genomic methods can facilitate their manufacturing in continuous production. Such capabilities have potential to lower the cost and volumetric requirements in manufacturing vaccines based on recombinant protein subunits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalvie, N. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowell, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracey, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biedermann, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kristensen, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonnyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Aponte, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittaker, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bok, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhopadhyay, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parreno, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Love, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.20.391532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular engineering improves antigen quality and enables integrated manufacturing of a trivalent subunit vaccine candidate for rotavirus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.395004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The SC-SNc pathway boosts appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.395004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Appetitive locomotion is essential for organisms to approach rewards, such as food and prey. How the brain controls appetitive locomotion is poorly understood. In a naturalistic goal-directed behavior--predatory hunting, we demonstrate an excitatory brain circuit from the superior colliculus (SC) to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to boost appetitive locomotion. The SC-SNc pathway transmitted locomotion-speed signals to dopamine neurons and triggered dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. Activation of this pathway increased the speed and frequency of approach during predatory hunting, an effect that depended on the activities of SNc dopamine neurons. Conversely, synaptic inactivation of this pathway impaired appetitive locomotion but not defensive or exploratory locomotion. Together, these data revealed the SC as an important source to provide locomotion-related signals to SNc dopamine neurons to boost appetitive locomotion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.23.395004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The SC-SNc pathway boosts appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.397190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response of methanogen community to elevation of cathode potentials in the presence of magnetite 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.24.397190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Electromethanogenesis refers to the process where methanogens utilize electrons derived from cathodes for the reduction of CO2 to CH4. Setting of low cathode potentials is essential for this process. In this study, we test if magnetite, an iron oxide mineral widespread in environment, can facilitate the adaption of methanogen community to the elevation of cathode potentials in electrochemical reactors. Two-chamber electrochemical reactors were constructed with inoculants obtained from a paddy field soil. We elevated cathode potentials stepwise from the initial -0.6 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) to -0.5 V and then to -0.4 V over the 120 days acclimation. Only weak current consumption and CH4 production were observed in the reactors without magnetite. But biocathodes were firmly developed and significant current consumption and CH4 production were recorded in the magnetite reactors. The robustness of electro-activity in the magnetite reactors was not affected with the elevation of cathode potentials from -0.6 V to -0.4 V. But, the current consumption and CH4 production were virtually halted in the reactors without magnetite when cathode potential was elevated to -0.4 V. Methanogens related to Methanospirillum were enriched on cathode surface of the magnetite reactors at -0.4 V, while Methanosarcina relatively dominated in the reactors without magnetite. Methanobacterium also increased in the magnetite reactors but stayed off electrodes in the culture medium at -0.4 V. Apparently, magnetite greatly facilitates the development of biocathodes, and it appears that with the aid of magnetite Methanospirillum spp. can adapt to high cathode potentials performing the efficient electromethanogenesis.

IMPORTANCEConverting CO2 to CH4 through bioelectrochemistry is a promising approach for development of green energy biotechnology. This process however requires setting the low cathode potentials, which takes cost. In this study, we test if magnetite, a conductive iron mineral, can facilitate the adaption of methanogens to the elevation of cathode potentials. In the two-chamber reactors constructed using inoculants obtained from a paddy field soil, biocathodes were firmly developed in the presence of magnetite, whereas only weak electro-activity was observed in the reactors without magnetite. The elevation of cathode potentials did not affect the robustness of electro-activity in the magnetite reactors over the 120 days acclimation. Methanospirillum was identified as the key methanogens associated with cathode surface during the operation at relatively high potentials. The findings reported in this study shed a new light on the adaption of methanogen community to the elevated cathode potentials in the presence of magnetite.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.24.397190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response of methanogen community to elevation of cathode potentials in the presence of magnetite]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D8, a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing scFv, confers antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and multiple coronaviruses in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.25.398909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe current pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the etiology of Coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID-19) and poses a critical public health threat worldwide. Effective therapeutics and vaccines against multiple coronaviruses remain unavailable. Single chain variable fragment (scFv), a recombinant antibody exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses owing to its nucleic acid-hydrolyzing property.

ObjectiveThis study is aimed to investigate an antiviral activity of 3D8 scFv against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses.

Methods3D8, a recombinant scFv antibody was evaluated for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43 and PEDV in Vero E6 cell cultures. Viral growth was quantified with quantitative RT-qPCR and plaque assay. Nucleic acid hydrolyzing activity of 3D8 was assessed through abzyme assays of in vitro viral transcripts and cell viability was determined by MTT assay.

Results3D8 inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Our results revealed the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of 3D8 scFv against SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells. Immunoblot and plaque assays showed the reduction of coronavirus nucleoproteins and infectious particles respectively in 3D8 scFv-treated cells.

ConclusionsThis data demonstrates the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 3D8 against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. Thus, it could be considered a potential antiviral countermeasure against SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic coronaviruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budhathoki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, K.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ham, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.25.398909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D8, a nucleic acid-hydrolyzing scFv, confers antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and multiple coronaviruses in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.400234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined inhibition of KDM6A/B and HDACs exacerbates integrated stress response and mediates therapeutic effects in IDH1-mutant glioma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.26.400234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIDH1/2-mutant gliomas are primary brain tumors for which curative treatments are lacking. Mutant IDH-dependent 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) accumulation leads to DNA and histone hypermethylation. Based on this distinct phenotype, we interrogated epigenetic dependencies of IDH-mutant glioma that can be targeted therapeutically.

MethodsWe conducted a chemical screen targeting chromatin modifiers in patient derived IDH1-mutant GBM cells. We investigated mechanisms of action of compound hits and their combinations through cell-based functional assays, live-cell imaging, Western blot, CRISPR knockout, RNA-seq and ChIP experiments. The therapeutic concept was validated in vivo using chemical inhibitors GSK-J4 and Belinostat in an orthotopic GBM model.

ResultsWe identified the H3K27me3 demethylase (KDM6) inhibitor GSK-J4 and histone deacetylase inhibitor Belinostat as potent, genotype-selective agents against IDH1-mutant glioma. RNA-sequencing on paired wild-type and IDH1R132H cells revealed inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and activation of cellular stress in IDH1R132H cells, which were reversible with a mutant IDH1 inhibitor. GSK-J4 caused further repression of cholesterol biosynthesis pathway genes through H3K27me3 deposition and exacerbated the ATF4-mediated integrated stress response. Belinostat inhibited anti-apoptotic pathways through activation of TGF-{beta} signaling and induced cell cycle arrest. Together, the GSK-J4 and Belinostat combination activated DDIT3/CHOP-dependent apoptosis in IDH1-mutant cells and extended survival in an IDH1-mutant orthotopic model in vivo.

ConclusionsThese results provide a possible therapeutic approach that exploits epigenetic vulnerabilities of IDH-mutant gliomas.

Key points- Combination of GSK-J4 and Belinostat selectively targets IDH1-mutant cells.
- GSK-J4 downregulates cholesterol biosynthesis and activates an ATF4-mediated stress response.
- Belinostat activates the TGF{beta} pathway, induces G2/M arrest and inhibits anti-apoptotic pathways.


Importance of the studyIDH1/2 genes are frequently mutated in low grade glioma and secondary glioblastoma. These tumors exhibit a distinct epigenomic signature with increased DNA and histone methylation; therefore, identifying and exploiting their epigenetic vulnerabilities may lead to effective therapies. We discovered that targeting of KDM6A/6B together with HDACs provides a promising therapeutic approach for IDH1-mutant glioma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seker-Polat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cingoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakimoto, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cahill, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solaroglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppermann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.26.400234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined inhibition of KDM6A/B and HDACs exacerbates integrated stress response and mediates therapeutic effects in IDH1-mutant glioma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.400929v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Large-Scale Structural and Functional Connectome of Social Mentalizing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.400929v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans have a remarkable ability to infer the mind of others. This mentalizing skill relies on a distributed network of brain regions but how these regions connect and interact is not well understood. Here we leveraged large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data to elucidate the connectome-level organization and brain-wide mechanisms of mentalizing processing. Key features of the mentalizing connectome have been delineated in exquisite detail and its relationship with the default mode network has been extensively scrutinized. Our study demonstrates that mentalizing processing unfolds across functionally heterogeneous regions with highly structured fiber tracts and unique hierarchical functional architecture, which make it distinguishable from the default mode network and other social brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metoki, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, I. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.400929</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Large-Scale Structural and Functional Connectome of Social Mentalizing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spiking neural circuit model for learning multi-sensory integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.27.401216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurons in visual and vestibular information integration areas of macaque brain such as medial superior temporal (MSTd) and ventral intraparietal (VIP) have been classified into congruent neurons and opposite neurons, which prefer congruent inputs and opposite inputs from the two sensory modalities, respectively. In this work, we propose a mechanistic spiking neural model that can account for the emergence of congruent and opposite neurons and their interactions in a neural circuit for multi-sensory integration. The spiking neural circuit model is adopted from an established model for the circuits of the primary visual cortex with little changes in parameters. The network can learn, based on the basic Hebbian learning principle, the correct topological organization and behaviors of the congruent and opposite neurons that have been proposed to play a role in multi-sensory integration. This work explore the constraints and the conditions that lead to the development of a proposed neural circuit for cue integration. It also demonstrates that such neural circuit might indeed be a canonical circuit shared by computations in many cortical areas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.27.401216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spiking neural circuit model for learning multi-sensory integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.403436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A body map of somatic mutagenesis in morphologically normal human tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.30.403436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutations accumulated in normal tissues are associated with aging and disease. Here, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of 1,737 morphologically normal tissue biopsies (~ 600 cells each), mostly from the epithelia, of nine organs from five donors. We found that somatic mutation accumulations and clonal expansions are widespread, although with variable extent, in morphologically normal human tissues. Somatic copy number alterations were rarely detected, except for tissues from esophagus and cardia. Endogenous mutational processes like SBS1 and SBS5 are ubiquitous among normal tissues though exhibiting different relative activities. Exogenous mutational processes like SBS22 were found in different tissues from the same donor. We reconstructed the spatial somatic clonal architecture with sub-millimeter resolution. In epithelial tissues from esophagus and cardia, macroscopic somatic clones expanded to several millimeters were frequently seen, whereas in tissues from colon, rectum, and duodenum somatic clones were microscopic in size and evolved independently. Our study depicted a body map of somatic mutations and clonal expansions from the same individuals, and it revealed that the degree of somatic clonal expansion and enrichment of driver mutations are highly organ specific.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.11.30.403436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A body map of somatic mutagenesis in morphologically normal human tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.405605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localization, proteomics and metabolite profiling reveal a putative vesicular transporter for UDP-glucose 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.405605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vesicular neurotransmitter transporters (VNTs) mediate the selective uptake and enrichment of small molecule neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles (SVs) and are therefore a major determinant of the synaptic output of specific neurons. To identify novel VNTs expressed on SVs (thus identifying new neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators), we conducted localization profiling of 361 solute carrier (SLC) transporters tagging with a fluorescent protein in neurons, which revealed 40 possible candidates through comparison with a known SV marker. We parallelly performed proteomics analysis of immunoisolated SVs and identified 7 transporters in overlap. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed one of the transporters, SLC35D3, localized to SVs. Finally, by combining metabolite profiling with a radiolabeled substrate transport assay, we identified UDP-glucose as the principal substrate for SLC35D3. These results provide new insights into the functional role of SLC transporters in neurotransmission and improve our understanding of the molecular diversity of chemical transmitters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.405605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localization, proteomics and metabolite profiling reveal a putative vesicular transporter for UDP-glucose]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling of Internal and External Factors affecting a Complex Dengue Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.01.406033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are different factors that are the cause of abrupt spread of arbovirus. We modelled the factors (internal & external) that can increase the diffusion of dengue virus and observed their effects. These factors have influenced on the Aedes aegypti (a dengue virus carrier); factors which increase the dengue transmission. Interestingly, there are some factors that can suppress the Aedes aegypti. The species of Aedes aegypti formalizes its own network by which dengue virus is spread. Internal & external exposures of the dengue epidemic complex network have been modelled and analyzed. Influence of internal and external diffusion with two scenarios has been discussed.  Genetically modified mosquito technique has been applied and its associated simulated results are discussed. From the outcomes, the best time duration to contain the spread of dengue virus has been proposed, and our simulation model showed the possibility of suppressing the Aedes aegypti network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malik, H. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahiddin, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waqas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling of Internal and External Factors affecting a Complex Dengue Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cognitive and neural bases of collateral damage during intergroup conflict 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.04.411280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Civilian casualties occur during military attacks. Such "collateral damage" is prohibited by international laws but increases with substantial consequences when intergroup conflict escalates. Here, we investigate cognitive and neural bases of decision-making processes resulting in civilian harm, using a task that simulates punishment decision-making during intergroup conflict. We test two groups of Chinese participants in a laboratory setting, and two ethnic groups (Jewish and Palestinian) in Israel. The results dissociate two psychological constructs, harm preference and harm avoidance, which respectively characterize punishment decision-making related to outgroup combatants and outgroup noncombatants during intergroup conflict. In particular, individuals show decreased avoidance of harming outgroup noncombatants when conflict escalates. Brain imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) reveals that decreased harm avoidance is predicted by inhibition of the left middle frontal activity during selection of punishment decisions. Our findings provide insight into the cognitive and neural bases of decision-making involving civilian harm during intergroup conflict.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahoum, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamay-Tsoory, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelfand, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.04.411280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cognitive and neural bases of collateral damage during intergroup conflict]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.05.412791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociated neural representations of content and ordinal structure in auditory sequence memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.05.412791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two forms of information - frequency (content) and ordinal position (structure) - have to be stored when retaining a sequence of auditory tones in working memory (WM). However, the neural representations and coding characteristics of content and structure, particularly during WM maintenance, remain elusive. Here, in two electroencephalography (EEG) studies, by transiently perturbing the  activity-silent WM retention state and decoding the reactivated WM information, we demonstrate that content and structure are stored in a dissociative manner with distinct characteristics throughout WM process. First, each tone in the sequence is associated with two codes in parallel, characterizing its frequency and ordinal position, respectively. Second, during retention, a structural retrocue successfully reactivates structure but not content, whereas a following white noise triggers content but not structure. Third, structure representation remains stable whereas content code undergoes a dynamic transformation through memory progress. Finally, the noise-triggered content reactivations during retention correlate with subsequent WM behavior. Overall, our results support distinct content and structure representations in auditory WM and provide a novel approach to access the silently stored WM information in the human brain. The dissociation of content and structure could facilitate efficient memory formation via generalizing stable structure to new auditory contents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.05.412791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociated neural representations of content and ordinal structure in auditory sequence memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415489v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying liquid-liquid phase separation property of chromatin under physiological conditions using Hi-MS and Hi-C 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.07.415489v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an important organizing principle for biomolecular condensation and chromosome compartmentalization. However, while many proteins have been reported to undergo LLPS, quantitative and global analysis of chromatin LLPS property remains absent.

ResultsHere, by combing chromatin associated protein pull-down, quantitative proteomics and 1,6-hexanediol treatment, we developed Hi-MS and defined anti-1,6-HD index of chromatin-associated proteins (AICAP) to quantitative measurement of LLPS property of chromatin-associated proteins in their endogenous state and physiological abundance. The AICAP values were verified by previously reported experiments and were reproducible across different MS platforms. Moreover, the AICAP values were highly correlate with protein functions. Proteins act in active/regulatory biological process often exhibit low AICAP values, while proteins act in structural and repressed biological process often exhibit high AICAP values. We further revealed that chromatin organization changes more in compartment A than B, and the changes in chromatin organization at various levels, including compartments, TADs and loops are highly correlated to the LLPS properties of their neighbor nuclear condensates.

ConclusionsOur work provided the first global quantitative measurement of LLPS properties of chromatin-associated proteins and higher-order chromatin structure, and demonstrate that the active/regulatory chromatin components, both protein (trans) and DNA (cis), exhibit more hydrophobicity-dependent LLPS properties than the repressed/structural chromatin components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.07.415489</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying liquid-liquid phase separation property of chromatin under physiological conditions using Hi-MS and Hi-C]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418558v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In-House Forecasting of Crop Latitude Adaptation through a Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.09.418558v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global climate change necessitates the accelerated breeding of new crop varieties that can sustain yields in new environments. As a proxy for environmental adaptation, the selection of crops that can adapt to different latitudes is an appealing strategy. However, such selection currently involves a lengthy procedure that severely restricts the rapid breeding of varieties. Here, we aimed to combine molecular technologies with an in-house streamlined screening method to facilitate rapid selection for latitude adaptation. We established the Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS) to measure crop latitude adaptation via the transcriptional dynamics of florigen genes at different latitudes. We used different statistical approaches to demonstrate that DEAS predicts the florigen expression profiles in rice with high accuracy. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential for application of DEAS in different crops. Incorporating DEAS into the breeding programs of conventional and underutilized crops could help meet the future needs for crop adaptation and promote sustainable agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.09.418558</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In-House Forecasting of Crop Latitude Adaptation through a Daylength-sensing-based Environment Adaptation Simulator (DEAS)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-coding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The majority of the non-coding regions in the human genome do not harbor any annotated element and are even not marked with any epigenomic signal or protein binding. An understudied aspect of these regions is their possible roles in stabilizing the 3D chromatin organization. To illuminate their "structural importance", we chose to start with the non-coding regions forming many 3D contacts (referred to as hubs) and identified dozens of hubs essential for cell viability. Hi-C and single cell transcriptomic analyses showed that their deletion could significantly alter chromatin organization and impact gene expression located distal in the genome. This study revealed the 3D structural importance of non-coding loci that are not associated with any functional element, providing a new mechanistic understanding of the disease-associated genetic variations (GVs). Furthermore, our analyses also suggested a powerful approach to develop "one-drug-multiple-targets" therapeutics targeting the disease-specific non-coding regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-coding loci without epigenomic signals can be essential for maintaining global chromatin organization and cell viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Increasing evidence shows that promoters and enhancers could be related to 3D chromatin structure, thus affecting cellular functions. Except for functioning through the canonical chromatin loops formed by promoters and enhancers, their roles in maintaining broad chromatin organization have not been well studied. Here, we focused on the active promoters/enhancers (referred to as hotspots) predicted to form many 3D contacts with other active promoters/enhancers, and identified dozens of loci critical for cell survival. While the essentiality of hotspots is not resulted from their association with essential genes, deletion of an essential hotspot could lead to change of broad chromatin organization and expressions of distal genes. We demonstrated that multiple affected genes that are individually non-essential could have synergistic effects to cause cell death.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory elements can be essential for maintaining broad chromatin organization and cell viability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computable Early C. elegans Embryo with a Data-driven Phase Field Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.13.422560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Morphogenesis is a precise and robust dynamic process during metazoan embryogenesis, consisting of both cell proliferation and cell migration. Despite the fact that much is known about specific regulations at the molecular level, how cell proliferation and migration together drive the morphogenesis at the cellular and organismic levels is not well understood. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model animal, we present a data-driven phase field model to compute the early embryonic morphogenesis within a confined eggshell. By using three-dimensional time-lapse cellular morphological information generated by imaging experiments to set the model parameters, we can not only reproduce the precise evolution of cell location, cell shape and cell-cell contact relationship in vivo, but also reveal the critical roles of cell division and cell-cell attraction in governing the early development of C. elegans embryo. In brief, we provide a generic approach to compute the embryonic morphogenesis and decipher the underlying mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.13.422560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computable Early C. elegans Embryo with a Data-driven Phase Field Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422856v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separation of Mer2 organizes the meiotic loop-axis structure of chromatin during meiosis I 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.15.422856v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sexually reproducing organisms acquire genetic diversity through meiotic recombination during meiosis I, which is initiated via programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by Spo11-containing machinery in each meiotic cell. The combination of programmed DSB sites in each meiotic cell must be diverse, which requires a certain degree of randomness in the distribution of DSBs. The formation of programmed DSBs requires a preestablished loop-axis structure of chromatin. Here, we demonstrate that the axial element protein Mer2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation in vitro and in vivo through its intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain. A DNA binding motif within its central domain is responsible for bringing DNA into Mer2 liquid droplets and Mer2-DNA complex could assemble into filamentous structures extending from the droplets. These results suggest that phase separation of Mer2 drives the formation of a droplet-loop structure of meiotic chromatin to facilitate and to diversify programmed DSB formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.15.422856</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separation of Mer2 organizes the meiotic loop-axis structure of chromatin during meiosis I]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Surfactant Protein D Binds S1 and Receptor Binding Domain of Spike protein and acts as an entry inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped viral particles in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human SP-D is a potent innate immune molecule whose presence at pulmonary mucosal surfaces allows immune surveillance role against pulmonary pathogens. Higher levels of serum SP-D have been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV). Studies have suggested the ability of human SP-D to recognise spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV; its interaction with HCoV-229E strain leads to viral inhibition in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. Previous studies have reported that a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) composed of 8 Gly-X-Y repeats, neck and CRD region, can act against a range of viral pathogens including influenza A Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models. In this context, this study was aimed at examining the likely protective role of rfhSP-D against SARS-CoV-2 infection. rfhSP-D showed a dose-responsive binding to S1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor binding domain. Importantly, rfhSP-D inhibited interaction of S1 protein with the HEK293T cells overexpressing Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. The protective role of rfhSP-D against SARS-CoV-2 infection as an entry inhibitor was further validated by the use of pseudotyped lentiviral particles expressing SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein; ~0.5 RLU fold reduction in viral entry was seen following rfhSP-D treatment (10 g/ml). The results highlight the therapeutic potential of rfhSP-D in SARS-CoV-2 infection and merits pre-clinical studies in murine models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beirag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murugaiah, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chou, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kishore, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Surfactant Protein D Binds S1 and Receptor Binding Domain of Spike protein and acts as an entry inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped viral particles in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.18.423427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The onset of sepsis is an important feature of COVID19 and a main cause of death. It is unknown how SARS-CoV-2 infection results in viral sepsis in human. We recently found that SARS-CoV-2 provoked an anti-bacterial like response and activation of TLR4 pathway at the very early stage of infection in animal models. This abnormal immune response led to emergency granulopoiesis and sepsis. However, the original trigger of TLR4 signaling by SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. We here identified that the trimeric spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 could bind to TLR4 directly and robustly activate downstream signaling in monocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, specific TLR4 or NFKB inhibitor, or knockout of MyD88 could significantly block IL-1B induction by spike protein. We thus reveal that spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 functions as a potent stimulus causing TLR4 activation and sepsis related abnormal responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.397000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptional analysis of immune modulatory genes in melanoma treated with PD-1 blockade 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.20.397000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryWe aimed to characterize immunological features of melanoma patients treated with PD-1 blockade using tumor transcriptomic datasets. Response-dependent and response-independent predictors based on biological knowledge were investigated. Domain knowledge-driven regression-based analysis identified CEACAM1, CD40, B7-H3, and CD112 as key genes that determine the melanoma immune status. We devised the transcriptional deviance score (TDS) representing the individual sample-wise contribution to the immune network. The TDS not only showed good predictive power for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses but also suggested specific gene interactions that determine ICI responses. Dynamic TDS changes following ICI treatment were related to long survival, indicating immune network modulation by ICIs occurred in responders. A predictive model incorporating B7-H3 and CEACAM1 expression, mutational status, clinical features, and the TDS showed excellent performance for ICI response. Thus, our approaches suggest a novel measure for the tumor immune temperature and provide insight into melanoma immunobiology.

HighlightsO_LIWe applied outcome-independent and outcome-dependent methods to investigate melanoma immunobiology.
C_LIO_LICEACAM1, CD40, B7-H3, and CD112 expression levels are key determinants of immune status.
C_LIO_LIWe devised a TDS that could measure tumor immune network status at the individual level.
C_LIO_LIIncorporating regression and correlation approaches greatly improves predictive power.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.20.397000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptional analysis of immune modulatory genes in melanoma treated with PD-1 blockade]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AF10 (MLLT10) prevents somatic cell reprogramming through regulation of H3K79 methylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L is a key chromatin-based barrier to somatic cell reprogramming. However, the mechanisms by which DOT1L safeguards cell identity and somatic-specific transcriptional programs remain unknown. Here, we employed a proteomic approach using proximity-based labeling to identify DOT1L-interacting proteins and investigated their effects on reprogramming. Among DOT1L interactors, suppression of AF10 (MLLT10) via RNA interference or CRISPR/Cas9, significantly increases reprogramming efficiency. In somatic cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) higher order H3K79 methylation is dependent on AF10 expression. In AF10 knockout cells, re-expression wildtype AF10, but not a mutant defective in DOT1L binding, rescues overall H3K79 methylation and reduces reprogramming efficiency. Transcriptomic analyses during reprogramming show that AF10 suppression results in downregulation of fibroblast-specific genes and accelerates the activation of pluripotency-associated genes. Our findings establish AF10 as a novel barrier to reprogramming by regulating H3K79 methylation and thereby sheds light on the mechanism by which cell identity is maintained in somatic cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ugurlu-Cimen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odluyurt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevinc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan-Kucuk, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcimen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirtas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppermann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AF10 (MLLT10) prevents somatic cell reprogramming through regulation of H3K79 methylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep manifold learning reveals hidden dynamics of proteasome autoregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.22.423932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 26S proteasome regulates proteostasis and myriad cellular processes. Here we reconstitute the hidden dynamics of human 26S proteasome during protein degradation using cryo-EM data-driven deep learning, which identified 64 proteasomal conformers. These conformers revealed substrate-dependent conformational entanglement of two 19S regulatory particles in the doubly capped holocomplexes. The rate-limiting step in single-nucleotide exchange dynamics of the AAA-ATPase motor is ATPase re-engagement with the substrate, while the rate-limiting step in proteasomal degradation is the initiation of substrate unfolding by the AAA-ATPase motor following deubiquitylation. Nine rare conformers delineated novel ubiquitin-binding sites on the RPN2 and 5 subunits, along with a ubiquitylation site on RPN10, which were verified using site-directed mutagenesis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Opening of the 20S core particle gate was found to upregulate proteolytic activity by allosterically promoting nucleophilic attack on the scissile peptide bond. Our systematic analyses illuminate a grand hierarchical allostery underlying ubiquitin-mediated proteasome autoregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.22.423932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep manifold learning reveals hidden dynamics of proteasome autoregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.25.424404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinguish virulent and temperate phage-derived sequences in metavirome data with a deep learning approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.25.424404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProkaryotic viruses referred to as phages can be divided into virulent and temperate phages. Distinguishing virulent and temperate phage-derived sequences in metavirome data is important for their role in interactions with bacterial hosts and regulations of microbial communities. However there is no experimental or computational approach to classify sequences of these two in culture-independent metavirome effectively, we present a new computational method DeePhage, which can directly and rapidly judge each read or contig as a virulent or temperate phage-derived fragment.

FindingsDeePhage utilizes a "one-hot" encoding form to have an overall and detailed representation of DNA sequences. Sequence signatures are detected via a deep learning algorithm, namely a convolutional neural network to extract valuable local features. DeePhage makes better performance than the most related method PHACTS. The accuracy of DeePhage on five-fold validation reach as high as 88%, nearly 30% higher than PHACTS. Evaluation on real metavirome shows DeePhage annotated 54.4% of reliable contigs while PHACTS annotated 44.5%. While running on the same machine, DeePhage reduces computational time than PHACTS by 810 times. Besides, we proposed a new strategy to explore phage transformations in the microbial community by direct detection of the temperate viral fragments from metagenome and metavirome. The detectable transformation of temperate phages provided us a new insight into the potential treatment for human disease.

ConclusionsDeePhage is the first tool that can rapidly and efficiently identify two kinds of phage fragments especially for metagenomics analysis with satisfactory performance. DeePhage is freely available via http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/DeePhage or https://github.com/shufangwu/DeePhage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.25.424404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinguish virulent and temperate phage-derived sequences in metavirome data with a deep learning approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.26.424423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The neutralization effect of Montelukast on SARS-CoV-2 is shown by multiscale in silico simulations and combined in vitro studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.26.424423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small molecule inhibitors have previously been investigated in different studies as possible therapeutics in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. In the current drug repurposing study, we identified the leukotriene (D4) receptor antagonist Montelukast as a novel agent that simultaneously targets two important drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. We initially demonstrated the dual inhibition profile of Montelukast through multiscale molecular modeling studies. Next, we characterized its effect on both targets by different in vitro experiments including the Fluorescent Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based main protease enzyme inhibition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy, pseudovirus neutralization on HEK293T / hACE2, and virus neutralization assay using xCELLigence MP real time cell analyzer. Our integrated in silico and in vitro results confirmed the dual potential effect of the Montelukast both on virus entry into the host cell (Spike/ACE2) and on the main protease enzyme inhibition. The virus neutralization assay results showed that while no cytotoxicity of the Montelukast was observed at 12 M concentration, the cell index time 50 (CIT50) value was delayed for 12 hours. Moreover, it was also shown that Favipiravir, a well-known antiviral used in COVID-19 therapy, should be used by 16-fold higher concentrations than Montelukast in order to have the same effect of Montelukast. The rapid use of new small molecules in the pandemic is very important today. Montelukast, whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are very well characterized and has been widely used in the treatment of asthma since 1998, should urgently be completed in clinical phase studies and if its effect is proven in clinical phase studies, it should be used against COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avsar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orhan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serhatli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balcioglu, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, H. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydinlik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akdemir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oktay, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butun, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdemoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyukkilic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yumak, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.26.424423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The neutralization effect of Montelukast on SARS-CoV-2 is shown by multiscale in silico simulations and combined in vitro studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.27.424506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single cell gene fusion detection by scFusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.27.424506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene fusions are widespread in tumor cells and can play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. Using full length single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), gene fusions can now be detected at single cell level. However, scRNA-seq data has a high noise level and contains various technical artefacts that can lead to spurous fusion discoveries. Here we present a computational tool, scFusion, for gene fusion detection based on scRNA-seq. scFusion can efficiently and sensitively detect fusions with a low false discovery rate. In a T cell data, scFusion detected the invariant TCR gene recombinations in Mucosal-associated invariant T cells that many methods developed for bulk-data failed to detect. In a multiple myeloma data, scFusion detected the known recurrent fusion IgH-WHSC1, which was associated with overexpression of the WHSC1 oncogene.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.27.424506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single cell gene fusion detection by scFusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Individual Complete mtDNA Sequencing Uncovers Hidden Mitochondrial Heterogeneity in Human and Mouse Oocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.28.424537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ontogeny and dynamics of mtDNA heteroplasmy remain unclear due to limitations of current mtDNA sequencing methods. We developed individual Mitochondrial Genome sequencing (iMiGseq) of full-length mtDNA for ultra-sensitive variant detection, complete haplotyping, and unbiased evaluation of heteroplasmy levels, all at the individual mtDNA molecule level. iMiGseq uncovers unappreciated levels of heteroplasmic variants in single healthy human oocytes well below the current 1% detection limit, of which numerous variants are detrimental and could contribute to late-onset mitochondrial disease and cancer. Extreme mtDNA heterogeneity among oocytes of the same mouse female, and a strong selection against deleterious mutations in human oocytes are observed. iMiGseq could comprehensively characterize and haplotype single-nucleotide and structural variants of mtDNA and their genetic linkage in NARP/Leigh syndrome patient-derived cells. Therefore, iMiGseq could not only elucidate the mitochondrial etiology of diseases, but also help diagnose and prevent mitochondrial diseases with unprecedented precision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos-Mandujano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izpisua Belmonte, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Individual Complete mtDNA Sequencing Uncovers Hidden Mitochondrial Heterogeneity in Human and Mouse Oocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mutations: Insertion of the Phenylalanine in the NSP6 Linked to the United Kingdome and Premature Termination of the ORF-8 Associated with the European and the United States of America Derived Samples. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.29.424530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coronavirus belongs to the order Nidovirales, which is known for the longest RNA genome virus. The polymerase enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 has proofreading functions, but still, the RNA viruses have a higher mutation rate than DNA viruses. The mutations in the viral genome provide a replication advantage in any population/geographical location and that may have profound consequences in the outcome and pathogenesis, diagnosis and patient management of the viral infection. In the present study, we have analysed full-length SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences, derived from symptomatic/asymptomatic COVID-19 patients from all six continents to investigate the common mutations globally. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is mutating independently, we identified total 313 mutations and some (21 mutations) of them are prevailing over time irrespective of geographical location. Another important finding, we are reporting here is, the mutation rate of the virus varies in different geographical locations suggesting the virus is adapting different strategies in the infected populations, having different genetic backgrounds across the globe. We have identified 11085TTT insertion (insertion of the Phenylalanine in NSP6 at position 38) mutation, which is mainly linked to the UK derived SARS-CoV-2 samples, we have also discovered non-sense mutation in ORF-8 after 17 amino acid is linked to the European and the USA derived SARS-CoV-2 samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-ebini, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2020-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2020.12.29.424530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mutations: Insertion of the Phenylalanine in the NSP6 Linked to the United Kingdome and Premature Termination of the ORF-8 Associated with the European and the United States of America Derived Samples.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2020-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structured illumination microscopy artifacts caused by illumination scattering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.01.425033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its wide application in live-cell super-resolution (SR) imaging, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) suffers from aberrations caused by various sources. Although artifacts generated from inaccurate reconstruction parameter estimation and noise amplification can be minimized, aberrations due to the scattering of excitation light on samples have rarely been investigated. In this paper, by simulating multiple subcellular structure with the distinct refractive index (RI) from water, we study how different thicknesses of this subcellular structure scatter incident light on its optical path of SIM excitation. Because aberrant interference light aggravates with the increase in sample thickness, the reconstruction of the 2D-SIM SR image degraded with the change of focus along the axial axis. Therefore, this work may guide the future development of algorithms to suppress SIM artifacts caused by scattering in thick samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.01.425033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structured illumination microscopy artifacts caused by illumination scattering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein scaffold-based multimerization of soluble ACE2 efficiently blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Soluble ACE2 (sACE2) decoy receptors are promising agents to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, as their efficiency is less likely to be affected by common escape mutations in viral proteins. However, their success may be limited by their relatively poor potency. To address this challenge, we developed a large decoy library of sACE2 fusion proteins, generated with several protease inhibitors or multimerization tags. Among these decoys, multimeric sACE2 consisting of SunTag or MoonTag systems, which were originally utilized for signal amplification or gene activation systems, were extremely effective in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in pseudoviral systems and in clinical isolates. These novel sACE2 fusion proteins exhibited greater than 100-fold SARS-CoV-2 neutralization efficiency, compared to monomeric sACE2. SunTag or MoonTag in combination with a more potent version of sACE2, which has multiple point mutations for greater binding (v1), achieved near complete neutralization at a sub-nanomolar range, comparable with clinical monoclonal antibodies. Pseudoviruses bearing mutant versions of Spike, alpha, beta, gamma or delta variants, were also neutralized efficiently with SunTag or MoonTag fused sACE2(v1). Finally, therapeutic treatment of sACE2(v1)-MoonTag provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in an in vivo mouse model. Overall, we suggest that the superior activity of the sACE2-SunTag or sACE2-MoonTag fusions is due to the greater occupancy of the multimeric sACE2 receptors on Spike protein as compared to monomeric sACE2. Therefore, these highly potent multimeric sACE2 decoy receptors may offer a promising treatment approach against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

One Sentence SummaryMultimerization of sACE2 markedly enhanced the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by blocking multiple viral spike proteins simultaneously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarayloo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nurtop, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, G. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albayrak, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solaroglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.04.425128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein scaffold-based multimerization of soluble ACE2 efficiently blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic analysis of Paget's disease of bone identifies differentially methylated loci that predict disease status 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.04.425216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pagets Disease of Bone (PDB) is characterized by focal increases in disorganized bone remodeling. This study aims to characterize PDB associated changes in DNA methylation profiles in patients blood. Meta-analysis of data from the discovery and replication set, comprising of 116 PDB cases and 130 controls, revealed significant differences in DNA methylation at 14 CpG sites, 4 CpG islands, and 6 gene-body regions. These loci, including two characterized as functional through eQTM analysis, were associated with functions related to osteoclast differentiation, mechanical loading, immune function, and viral infection. A multivariate classifier based on discovery samples was found to discriminate PDB cases and controls from the replication with a sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.81, and an area under curve of 92.8%. In conclusion, this study has shown for the first time that epigenetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PDB and may offer diagnostic markers for prediction of the disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Diboun, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralston, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albagha, O. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.04.425216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic analysis of Paget's disease of bone identifies differentially methylated loci that predict disease status]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable Interaction Of The UK B.1.1.7 lineage SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike N501Y Mutant With ACE2 Revealed By Molecular Dynamics Simulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.07.425307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a massive health crisis across the globe, with some genetic variants gaining enhanced infectivity and competitive fitness, and thus significantly aggravating the global health concern. In this regard, the recent SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant, B.1.1.7 lineage, reported from the United Kingdom (UK), is of great significance in that it contains several mutations that increase its infection and transmission rates as evident from clinical reports. Specifically, the N501Y mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) has been shown to possess an increased affinity for ACE2, although the basis for this is not entirely clear yet. Here, we dissect the mechanism underlying the increased affinity using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the available ACE2-S1-RBD complex structure (6M0J) and show a prolonged and stable interfacial interaction of the N501Y mutant S1-RBD with ACE2 compared to the wild type S1-RBD. Additionally, we find that the N501Y mutant S1-RBD displays altered dynamics that likely aids in its enhanced interaction with ACE2. By elucidating a mechanistic basis for the increased affinity of the N501Y mutant S1-RBD for ACE2, we believe that the results presented here will aid in developing therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 including designing drugs targeting the ACE2-S1-RBD interaction.

SignificanceThe emergence of the new SARS-CoV-2 lineage in the UK in December 2020 has further aggravated the COVID-19 pandemic due to an increased ability of the variant to infect human hosts, likely due to mutations in the viral S1 spike protein including the N501Y S1-RBD mutation that is located at the interface of S1-RBD and ACE2, the host cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Given its location at the interface, N501Y S1-RBD mutation can therefore potentially alter the interfacial interaction. Multiple, all-atom, explicit solvent MD simulations of the ACE2-S1-RBD complex carried here indicated a more stable interaction between the N501Y mutant S1-RBD and ACE2 through stabilizing interfacial interactions of residues at one end of the interface that are either sequentially or physically near the mutation site. These mechanistic details will aid in better understanding the mechanism by which the alpha variant has increased infectivity as well as in designing better therapeutics including ACE2-S1 spike protein inhibitors that will, in turn, help thwarting the current and future pandemic.

HighlightsO_LIN501 in the wild type SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD forms unsustained hydrogen bonds with residues in the ACE2, namely Y41 and K353
C_LIO_LIY501 in the N501Y mutant SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD is not capable of forming substantial hydrogen bonds with ACE2 within the time span of the current simulation
C_LIO_LIEvidence from analyzing the simulation results suggests that Y501 of S1-RBD could form other types of non-covalent interactions with ACE2, such as van der Waals interactions
C_LIO_LIN501Y S1-RBD mutation stabilizes the position of interfacial residues neighboring to the mutation site, as well as other non-interfacial residues that are distant from the mutation site
C_LIO_LIThese altered dynamics results in more stable interaction of S1-RBD with ACE2 which could be the main reason underlying the reported enhanced affinity of S1-RBD in the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant (UK B.1.1.7 lineage) to ACE2
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillip, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.07.425307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable Interaction Of The UK B.1.1.7 lineage SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike N501Y Mutant With ACE2 Revealed By Molecular Dynamics Simulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring the promoter activity of long noncoding RNAs and stem cell differentiation through knock-in of sgRNA flanked by tRNA in an intron 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.08.425823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian genomes encode thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are often expressed in a tissue and cell specific manner. Therefore, a reporter that can faithfully reflect the expression or activity of lncRNAs can provide tools useful not only for uncovering the regulators of lncRNAs, but also for tracking cell fate and disease status. Here, we design a sgRNA precursor in an intron (GRIT) strategy that can monitor the promoter activity of lncRNAs. We used this strategy to report the expression of Lncenc1 and Neat1 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Furthermore, we show that GRIT may be used to track differentiation status of stem cells. We anticipate that GRIT will be applicable in dissecting regulatory mechanisms underlying the transcription of lncRNAs, tracking cell fate switch during differentiation or disease progression and integrating the promoter activity of various RNAs for synthetic biology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.08.425823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring the promoter activity of long noncoding RNAs and stem cell differentiation through knock-in of sgRNA flanked by tRNA in an intron]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.10.426065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear m6A reader Ythdc1 regulates the scaffold function of LINE1 in mouse ESCs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.10.426065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) on chromosome-associated regulatory RNAs (carRNAs), including repeat RNAs, play important roles in tuning the chromatin state and transcription1. Among diverse RNA-chromatin interacting modes, the nuclear RNA scaffold is considered important for trans-interactions2,3 but has not yet been connected with m6A yet. Here, we found that Ythdc1 played indispensable roles in the embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal and differentiation potency, and these roles highly depended on its m6A-binding ability. Ythdc1 deficiency in ESCs resulted in decreased rRNA synthesis and the activation of 2-cell (2C) embryo-specific transcriptional program, and these observations recapitulated the transcriptome defects induced by dysfunction of the long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE1)-scaffold, which were unrelated to the direct targeting of Ythdc1. A detailed analysis revealed that Ythdc1 recognized m6A on LINE1 and was physically involved in the formation of the LINE1-Nucleolin partnership and the chromatin recruitment of Kap1. In summary, our study reveals a new link between m6A and the RNA scaffold and thus provides a new regulatory model for the crosstalk between RNA and the chromatin epigenome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.10.426065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear m6A reader Ythdc1 regulates the scaffold function of LINE1 in mouse ESCs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426208v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The PELOTA-HBS1 Complex Orchestrates mRNA Translation Surveillance and PDK1-mediated Plant Growth and Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426208v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The quality control system for messenger RNA is fundamental for cellular activities in eukaryotes. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase1 (PDK1), an essential regulator throughout growth and development of eukaryotes, a forward genetic approach was employed to screen for suppressors of the loss-of-function T-DNA insertional pdk1.1 pdk1.2 double mutant in Arabidopsis. Notably, the severe growth attenuation of pdk1.1 pdk1.2 is rescued by sop21 (suppressor of pdk1.1 pdk1.2) that harbours a loss-of-function mutation in PELOTA1 (PEL1). PEL1 is a homologue of mammalian PELOTA and yeast DOM34, which form a heterodimeric complex with the GTPase HBS1, responsible for ribosome rescue to assure the quality and fidelity of mRNA molecules. Genetic analysis further reveals that the dysfunction of PEL1-HBS complex fails to degrade the T-DNA-disrupted, truncated but functional PDK1 transcripts, thus rescuing pdk1.1 pdk1.2. Our studies demonstrate the functionality and identify the essential functions of a homologous PELOTA-HBS1 complex in higher plant, and provide novel insights into the mRNA quality control mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friml, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.11.426208</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The PELOTA-HBS1 Complex Orchestrates mRNA Translation Surveillance and PDK1-mediated Plant Growth and Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426296v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human leukocyte antigen class II gene diversity tunes antibody repertoires to common pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426296v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allelic diversity of HLA class II genes may help maintain humoral immunity against infectious diseases. We investigated the relative contribution of specific HLA class II alleles, haplotypes and genotypes on the variation of antibody responses to a variety of common pathogens in a cohort of 800 adults representing the general Arab population. We found that classical HLA class II gene heterozygosity confers a selective advantage. Moreover, we demonstrated that multiple HLA class II alleles play a synergistic role in shaping the antibody repertoire. Interestingly, associations of HLA-DRB1 genotypes with specific antigens were identified. Our findings suggest that HLA class II gene polymorphisms confer specific humoral immunity against common pathogens, which may have contributed to the genetic diversity of HLA class II loci during hominine evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Ali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jithesh, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.11.426296</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human leukocyte antigen class II gene diversity tunes antibody repertoires to common pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antifungal activities of artesunate, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole against Basidiobolus species, the causal agents of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.11.426312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basidiobolus species (n =13) isolated from human gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis and lizards were tested against artesunate, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. The three agents exhibited inhibitory actions against Basidiobolus species comparable to the known antifungals. The combined effects of artesunate + voriconazole and cotrimoxazole + voriconazole have significant synergic effects, p = 0.003 and p = 0.021, respectively. These are promising results that enhance accelerated combined treatment of GIB in humans particularly the combination of artesunate and voriconazole.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Qahtani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, M. R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AL-HAKAMI, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asseri, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathew, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Bshabshe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhumayed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamid, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.11.426312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antifungal activities of artesunate, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole against Basidiobolus species, the causal agents of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the Molecular Targets of Disulfide Bond Disrupting Agents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breast cancer mortality remains unacceptably high, indicating a need for safer and more effective therapeutic agents. Disulfide bond Disrupting Agents (DDAs) were previously identified as a novel class of anticancer compounds that selectively kill cancers that overexpress the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) or its family member HER2. DDAs kill EGFR+ and HER2+ cancer cells via the parallel downregulation of EGFR, HER2, and HER3 and activation/oligomerization of Death Receptors 4 and 5 (DR4/5). However, the mechanisms by which DDAs mediate these effects are unknown. Affinity purification analyses employing biotinylated-DDAs reveal that the Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) family members AGR2, PDIA1, and ERp44 are DDA target proteins. Further analyses demonstrate that shRNA-mediated knockdown of AGR2 and ERp44, or expression of ERp44 mutants, enhance basal and DDA-induced DR5 oligomerization. DDA treatment of breast cancer cells disrupts PDIA1 and ERp44 mixed disulfide bonds with their client proteins. Together, the results herein reveal DDAs as the first small molecule, active site inhibitors of AGR2 and ERp44, and demonstrate roles for AGR2 and ERp44 in regulating the activity, stability, and localization of DR4 and DR5, and activation of Caspase 8.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Law, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yaaghubi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghilardi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DePeter, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilson, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heldermon, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norgaard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellano, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the Molecular Targets of Disulfide Bond Disrupting Agents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning interpretable cellular and gene signature embeddings from single-cell transcriptomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.13.426593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has revolutionized transcriptomic studies. However, large-scale integrative analysis of scRNA-seq data remains a challenge largely due to unwanted batch effects and the limited transferabilty, interpretability, and scalability of the existing computational methods. We present single-cell Embedded Topic Model (scETM). Our key contribution is the utilization of a transferable neural-network-based encoder while having an interpretable linear decoder via a matrix tri-factorization. In particular, scETM simultaneously learns an encoder network to infer cell type mixture and a set of highly interpretable gene embeddings, topic embeddings, and batch effect linear intercepts from multiple scRNA-seq datasets. scETM is scalable to over 106 cells and confers remarkable cross-tissue and cross-species zero-shot transfer-learning performance. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we find that scETM-learned topics are enriched in biologically meaningful and disease-related pathways. Lastly, scETM enables the incorporation of known gene sets into the gene embeddings, thereby directly learning the associations between pathways and topics via the topic embeddings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.13.426593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning interpretable cellular and gene signature embeddings from single-cell transcriptomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovering hidden brain network responses to naturalistic stimuli via tensor component analysis of multi-subject fMRI data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.14.426756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of brain network interactions during naturalistic stimuli facilitates a deeper understanding of human brain function. Intersubject correlation (ISC) analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is a widely used method that can measure neural responses to naturalistic stimuli that are consistent across subjects. However, interdependent correlation values in ISC artificially inflated the degrees of freedom, which hinders the investigation of individual differences. Besides, the existing ISC model mainly focus on similarities between subjects but fails to distinguish neural responses to different stimuli features. To estimate large-scale brain networks evoked with naturalistic stimuli, we propose a novel analytic framework to characterize shared spatio-temporal patterns across subjects in a purely data-driven manner. In the framework, a third-order tensor is constructed from the timeseries extracted from all brain regions from a given parcellation, for all participants, with modes of the tensor corresponding to spatial distribution, time series and participants. Tensor component analysis (TCA) will then reveal spatially and temporally shared components, i.e., naturalistic stimuli evoked networks, their temporal courses of activity and subject loadings of each component. To enhance the reproducibility of the estimation with TCA, a novel spectral clustering method, tensor spectral clustering, was proposed and applied to evaluate the stability of TCA algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework via simulations and real fMRI data collected during a motor task with a traditional fMRI study design. We also apply the proposed framework to fMRI data collected during passive movie watching to illustrate how reproducible brain networks are identified evoked by naturalistic movie viewing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nickerson, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovering hidden brain network responses to naturalistic stimuli via tensor component analysis of multi-subject fMRI data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlation of Computerized Tomography (CT) Severity Score for COVID-19 pneumonia with Clinical Outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.15.426787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionVarious CT severity scores have already been described in literature since the start of this pandemic. One pertinent issue with all of the previously described severity scores is their relative challenging calculation and variance in inter-observer agreement. The severity score proposed in our study is relatively simpler, easier to calculate and apart from a trained radiologist, can easily be calculated even by physicians with good inter-observer agreement. Therefore, a rapid CT severity score calculation can give a clue to physician about possible clinical outcome without being dependent on radiologist who may not be readily available especially in third world countries.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to develop a simple CT severity score (CT-SS) with good inter-observer agreement and access its correlation with clinical outcome.

MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted by the Department of Radiology and Internal Medicine, at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, from April 2020 to August 2020. Non-probability consecutive sampling was used to include all patients who were positive for COVID-19 on PCR, and underwent CT chest examination at AKUH. Severity of disease was calculated in each lobe on the basis of following proposed CT severity scoring system (CT-SS). For each lobe the percentage of involvement by disease was scored - 0% involvement was scored 0, <50% involvement was scored 1 and >50% involvement was scored 2. Maximum score for one lobe was 2 and hence total maximum overall score for all lobes was 10. Continuous data was represented using mean and standard deviation, and compared using independent sample t-tests. Categorical data was represented using frequencies and percentages, and compared using Chi-squared tests. Inter-observer reliability between radiologist and COVID intensivist for the 10 point CT-SS rated on 0-10 was assessed using the Kappa statistic. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.

ResultsA total of 73 patients were included, the majority male (58.9%) with mean age 55.8 {+/-} 13.93 years. The CT-SS rated on 0-10 showed substantial inter-observer reliability between radiologist and intensivist with a Kappa statistic of 0.78. Patients with CT-SS 8-10 had a significantly higher ICU admission & intubation rate (53.8% vs. 23.5%) and mortality rate (35.9% vs. 11.8%; p = 0.017), as compared to those with CT-SS 0-7.

ConclusionWe conclude that the described CT severity score (CT-SS) is a quick, effective and easily reproducible tool for prediction of adverse clinical outcome in patients with COVID 19 pneumonia. The tool shows good inter-observer agreement when calculated by radiologist and physician independently.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hilal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahid, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aameen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth Martins, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nankani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arshad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.15.426787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlation of Computerized Tomography (CT) Severity Score for COVID-19 pneumonia with Clinical Outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.17.426988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid contact probability: an essential and predictive character for the structural and functional studies of membrane proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.17.426988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the unique traits of membrane proteins is that a significant fraction of their hydrophobic amino acids is exposed to the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers rather than being embedded in the protein interior, which is often not explicitly considered in the protein structure and function predictions. Here, we propose a characteristic and predictive quantity, the membrane contact probability (MCP), to describe the likelihood of the amino acids of a given sequence being in direct contact with the acyl chains of lipid molecules. We show that MCP is complementary to solvent accessibility in characterizing the outer surface of membrane proteins, and it can be predicted for any given sequence with a machine learning-based method by utilizing a training dataset extracted from MemProtMD, a database generated from molecular dynamics simulations for the membrane proteins with a known structure. As the first of many potential applications, we demonstrate that MCP can be used to systematically improve the prediction precision of the protein contact maps and structures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.17.426988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid contact probability: an essential and predictive character for the structural and functional studies of membrane proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural mechanisms underlying regulation of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others' pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.18.427136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceived cues signaling others pain induce empathy that in turn motivates altruistic behavior toward those who appear suffering. This perception-emotion-behavior reactivity is the core of human altruism but does not always occur in real life situations. Here, by integrating behavioral and multimodal neuroimaging measures, we investigate neural mechanisms underlying the functional role of beliefs of others pain in modulating empathy and altruism. We show evidence that decreasing (or enhancing) beliefs of others pain reduces (or increases) subjective estimation of others painful emotional states and monetary donations to those who show pain expressions. Moreover, decreasing beliefs of others pain attenuates neural responses to perceived cues signaling others pain within 200 ms after stimulus onset and modulate neural responses to others pain in the frontal cortices and temporoparietal junction. Our findings highlight beliefs of others pain as a fundamental cognitive basis of human empathy and altruism and unravel the intermediate neural architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural mechanisms underlying regulation of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others' pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inspiratory muscle training for enhancing repeated-sprint ability: A pilot study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.22.427755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This pilot study examined the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on repeated-sprint ability and vastus lateralis reoxygenation. Ten recreationally trained subjects were randomly divided into two groups to complete 4 weeks of IMT or Sham (placebo) training. Pre- and post-intervention, a repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test was performed in both normoxia and hypoxia (FiO2 {approx} 14.5%). Vastus lateralis reoxygenation (VLreoxy), defined as peak to minimum amplitude deoxyhaemoglobin for each sprint/recovery cycle, was assessed during all trials using near-infrared spectroscopy. For total work performed, power analysis revealed that for small, medium and large effects (Cohens f), sample sizes of n = 8, 16 and 90 respectively, are required to achieve a power of 80% at an  level of 0.05. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure increased in IMT by 36.5%, 95% CI [20.9, 61.6] and by 2.7%, 95% CI [-4.46, 8.8] in Sham. No clear difference in the change of work completed during the sprints between groups were observed in normoxia (Sham -0.805 kJ, 95% CI [-3.92, 0.39]; IMT -2.06 kJ, 95% CI [-11.5, 4.96]; P = 0.802), or hypoxia (Sham -3.09 kJ, 95% CI [-7, 0.396]; IMT 0.354 kJ, 95% CI [-1.49, 2.1]; P = 0.802). VLreoxy in IMT increased by 9.34%, 95% CI [5.15, 13.7] in normoxia only. In conclusion, despite a large increase in IMT, this was only associated with a small effect on RSA in our pilot study cohort. Owing to a potentially relevant impact of training the inspiratory musculature, future studies should include a sample size of at least 16-20 to detect moderate to large effects on RSA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aughey, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billaut, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townsend, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.22.427755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inspiratory muscle training for enhancing repeated-sprint ability: A pilot study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.23.427937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering and Fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.23.427937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractCarbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) play an important role in flower bud differentiation and seed-filling; however, the effects of these elements on the flowering and fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. are not known. In this study, we evaluated the differences in the C, N, P, and K levels between the fruiting and nonfruiting plants of G. uralensis at different growth stages. The correlations between the elements C, N, P, and K and the flower and fruit falling rates, rate of empty seeds, rate of shrunken grains, and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were also determined. The results show that the P and K levels and C:N, P:N, and K:N ratios of flowering plants are significantly higher than those of nonflowering plants; N level of flowering plants is significantly lower than that of nonflowering plants at the flower bud differentiation stage. The number of inflorescences was positively correlated with C and K levels and C:N and K:N ratios. A low level of C, P, and K and high level of N in flowering and pod setting stage may lead to the flower and fruit drop of G. uralensis. The K level is significantly negatively correlated with the rates of empty and shrunken seeds. The N level is significantly positively correlated with TKW. Thus, high levels of C, P, and K might be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, while higher levels of N is not beneficial to the flower bud formation of G. uralensis. Higher levels of N and K at the filling stage were beneficial to the seed setting and seed-filling of G. uralensis.

HighlightHigh levels of C, P, and K might be beneficial to flower bud differentiation, while higher levels of N is not beneficial to the flower bud formation of G. uralensis. Higher levels of N and K at the filling stage were beneficial to the seed setting and seed-filling of G. uralensis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>yan, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>guo, l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.23.427937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering and Fruiting of Glycyrrhiza uralensis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deconstruction of the retrosplenial granular cortex for social behavior in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.24.428008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deficits in fragile X mental retardation 1 protein lead to fragile X syndrome (FXS) with mental retardation and social activity disorder. Until now, the neuronal circuits that mediate the social impairments of FXS were mostly unclear. Accidently, we found fewer c-fos expression in RSG of KO than WT mice after social behavior test. Inactivation of RSG neurons decreased social novelty but not the sociability of naive mice. Interestingly, although the RSG neurons of KO mice had higher background activity, fewer social contact-related Ca2+ neurons were observed during social interaction test via one-photon Ca2+ imaging in freely-behaving mice. Strikingly, enhancing the activity of RSG neurons rescued the abnormal social novelty in KO mice. Further studies proved that the innervations from the subiculum and ACC to RSG contributes to the social behavior. Take together, we found that abnormal activity in the retrosplenial granular cortex (RSG) led to social novelty deficits in Fmr1-knockout (KO) mice. Moreover, selective manipulation of RSG neurons may be an effective strategy to treat the social deficits in FXS.

One Sentence SummaryDeletion of FMRP leads to lower social-related neuronal activity in the RSG; this causes social novelty deficits in Fmr1-KO mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shang, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.24.428008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deconstruction of the retrosplenial granular cortex for social behavior in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surface-based Single-subject Morphological Brain Networks: Effects of Morphological Index, Brain Parcellation and Similarity Measure, Sample Size-varying Stability and Test-retest Reliability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.25.428021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Morphological brain networks, in particular those at the individual level, have become an important approach for studying the human brain connectome; however, relevant methodology is far from being well-established in their formation, description and reproducibility. Here, we extended our previous study by constructing and characterizing single-subject morphological similarity networks from brain volume to surface space and systematically evaluated their reproducibility with respect to effects of different choices of morphological index, brain parcellation atlas and similarity measure, sample size-varying stability and test-retest reliability. Using the Human Connectome Project dataset, we found that surface-based single-subject morphological similarity networks shared common small-world organization, high parallel efficiency, modular architecture and bilaterally distributed hubs regardless of different analytical strategies. Nevertheless, quantitative values of all interregional similarities, global network measures and nodal centralities were significantly affected by choices of morphological index, brain parcellation atlas and similarity measure. Moreover, the morphological similarity networks varied along with the number of participants and approached stability until the sample size exceeded [~]70. Using an independent test-retest dataset, we found fair to good, even excellent, reliability for most interregional similarities and network measures, which were also modulated by different analytical strategies, in particular choices of morphological index. Specifically, fractal dimension and sulcal depth outperformed gyrification index and cortical thickness, higher-resolution atlases outperformed lower-resolution atlases, and Jensen-Shannon divergence-based similarity outperformed Kullback-Leibler divergence-based similarity. Altogether, our findings propose surface-based single-subject morphological similarity networks as a reliable method to characterize the human brain connectome and provide methodological recommendations and guidance for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.25.428021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surface-based Single-subject Morphological Brain Networks: Effects of Morphological Index, Brain Parcellation and Similarity Measure, Sample Size-varying Stability and Test-retest Reliability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterogeneous recruitment abilities to RNA polymerases generate superlinear and sublinear scaling of gene expression level with cell volume 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While most genes expression levels are proportional to cell volumes, some genes exhibit nonlinear scaling between their expression levels and cell volume. Therefore, their mRNA and protein concentrations change as the cell volume increases, which often have crucial biological functions such as cell-cycle regulation. However, the biophysical mechanism underlying the nonlinear scaling between gene expression and cell volume is still unclear. In this work, we show that the nonlinear scaling is a direct consequence of the heterogeneous recruitment abilities of promoters to RNA polymerases based on a gene expression model at the whole-cell level. Those genes with weaker (stronger) recruitment abilities than the average ability spontaneously exhibit superlinear (sublinear) scaling with cell volume. Analysis of the promoter sequences and the nonlinear scaling of Saccharomyces cerevisiaes mRNA levels shows that motifs associated with transcription regulation are indeed enriched in genes exhibiting nonlinear scaling, in concert with our model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.428201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterogeneous recruitment abilities to RNA polymerases generate superlinear and sublinear scaling of gene expression level with cell volume]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macaque V1 responses to 2nd-order contrast-modulated stimuli and the possible subcortical and cortical contributions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.28.428627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
V1 neurons as linear filters supposedly only respond to 1st-order luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli, but not 2nd-order contrast-modulated (CM) ones. To solve this difficulty, filter-rectify-filter models are proposed, in which first-stage filters respond to CM stimulus elements, and the nonlinear-rectified outputs are summed by a second-stage filter for CM stimulus representation. Correspondingly, neurophysiological evidence shows V1/A17 neurons less responsive to CM stimuli than V2/A18 neurons. Here we used two-photon calcium imaging to demonstrate substantial V1 responses to CM gratings with unimodally distributed LM/CM preferences. Moreover, LM responses are suppressed by LM and CM adaptations regardless of orientation, but CM responses are more suppressed by same-orientation LM and CM adaptations than by orthogonal ones. While LM adaptation results agree with the Hubel-Wiesel view of LGN contributions to V1 orientation responses, CM adaptation results, which include both orientation-unspecific and specific components, may suggest similar subcortical contributions plus additional refinement by recurrent intracortical interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, N.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.01.28.428627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macaque V1 responses to 2nd-order contrast-modulated stimuli and the possible subcortical and cortical contributions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive domain segregation in early embryonic development and underlying correlation to genetic and epigenetic changes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The author has withdrawn this manuscript due to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2019/521401. Therefore, the author does not wish this work to be cited as a reference for the project. Please cite and refer to the preprint BIORXIV/2019/521401 if necessary. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author (gaoyq@pku.edu.cn).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive domain segregation in early embryonic development and underlying correlation to genetic and epigenetic changes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational insights into differential interaction of mamalian ACE2 with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.02.429327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causing agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has spread globally. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the host cell receptor that binds to receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-COV-2 spike protein and mediates cell entry. Because the ACE2 proteins are widely available in mammals, it is important to investigate the interactions between the RBD and the ACE2 of other mammals. Here we analyzed the sequences of ACE2 proteins from 16 mammals and predicted the structures of ACE2-RBD complexes. Analyses on sequence, structure, and dynamics synergistically provide valuable insights into the interactions between ACE2 and RBD. The comparison results suggest that the ACE2 of bovine, cat and panda form strong binding with RBD, while in the cases of rat, least horseshoe bat, horse, pig, mouse and civet, the ACE2 proteins interact weakly with RBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lupala, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.429327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational insights into differential interaction of mamalian ACE2 with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429504v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling of histone modifications reveals formation mechanism and function of bivalent chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.03.429504v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bivalent chromatin is characterized by occupation of both activating histone modifications and repressive histone modifications. While bivalent chromatin is known to link with many biological processes, the mechanisms responsible for its multiple functions remain unclear. Here, we develop a mathematical model that involves antagonistic histone modifications H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 to capture the key features of bivalent chromatin. Three necessary conditions for the emergence of bivalent chromatin are identified, including advantageous methylating activity over demethylating activity, frequent noise conversions of modifications, and sufficient nonlinearity. The first condition is further confirmed by analyzing the experimental data from a recent study. Investigation of the composition of bivalent chromatin reveals that bivalent nucleosomes carrying both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 account for no more than half of nucleosomes at the bivalent chromatin domain. We identify that bivalent chromatin not only allows transitions to multiple states but also serves as a stepping stone to facilitate a step-wise transition between repressive chromatin state and activating chromatin state, and thus elucidate crucial roles of bivalent chromatin in mediating phenotypical plasticity during cell fate determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429504</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling of histone modifications reveals formation mechanism and function of bivalent chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-infection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.05.429937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to be a serious global public health threat. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a virus protease encoded by SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for virus replication. We have previously reported a series of small molecule 3CLpro inhibitors effective for inhibiting replication of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and in animal models. Here we generated a series of deuterated variants of a 3CLpro inhibitor, GC376, and evaluated the antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. The deuterated GC376 displayed potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the enzyme and the cell-based assays. The K18-hACE2 mice develop mild to lethal infection commensurate with SARS-CoV-2 challenge doses and was proposed as a model for efficacy testing of antiviral agents. We treated lethally infected mice with a deuterated derivative of GC376. Treatment of K18-hACE2 mice at 24 hr post infection with a derivative (compound 2) resulted in increased survival of mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Lung virus titers were decreased, and histopathological changes were ameliorated in compound 2-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Structural investigation using high-resolution crystallography illuminated binding interactions of 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with deuterated variants of GC376. Taken together, deuterated GC376 variants have excellent potential as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dampalla, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, L. Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyerholz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashipathy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groutas, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.429937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-infection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.429971v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of Probabilistic Representation in the Neural Network of Primary Visual Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.429971v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the early development of mammalian visual system, the distribution of neuronal preferred orientations in the primary visual cortex (V1) gradually shifts to match the major orientation features of an environment, achieving optimal representation of the environment. By combining the computational modeling and experimental electrophysiological recording, we provide a circuitry plasticity mechanism that underlies the developmental emergence of such matched representation in the visual cortical network. Specifically, in a canonical circuit of densely interconnected pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) fast-spiking interneurons in the V1 layer 2/3, our model successfully simulates the experimental observations and further reveals that the non-uniform inhibition, mediated by local interneurons, exerts a key role in shaping the network representation through spike timing-dependent synaptic modifications. The experimental results confirm that PV+ interneurons in the V1 are capable of providing such non-uniform inhibition during a short period after the vision onset. Thus, our study elucidates a circuitry mechanism for acquisition of the prior knowledge of environment for optimal inference in sensory neural system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.06.429971</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of Probabilistic Representation in the Neural Network of Primary Visual Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.430082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A data-driven method to learn a jump diffusion process from aggregate biological gene expression data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.06.430082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic models of gene expression are urgently required. Different from trajectory inference and RNA velocity, our method reveals gene dynamics by learning a jump diffusion process for modeling the biological process directly. The algorithm needs aggregate gene expression data as input and outputs the parameters of the jump diffusion process. The learned jump diffusion process can predict population distributions of gene expression at any developmental stage, achieve long-time trajectories for individual cells, and offer a novel approach to computing RNA velocity. Moreover, it studies biological systems from a stochastic dynamics perspective. Gene expression data at a time point, which is a snapshot of a cellular process, is treated as an empirical marginal distribution of a stochastic process. The Wasserstein distance between the empirical distribution and predicted distribution by the jump diffusion process is minimized to learn the dynamics. For the learned jump diffusion equation, its trajectories correspond to the development process of cells and stochasticity determines the heterogeneity of cells. Its instantaneous rate of state change can be taken as "RNA velocity", and the changes in scales and orientations of clusters can be noticed too. We demonstrate that our method can recover the underlying nonlinear dynamics better compared to parametric models and diffusion processes driven by Brownian motion for both synthetic and real world datasets. Our method is also robust to perturbations of data because it only involves population expectations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, M.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.06.430082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A data-driven method to learn a jump diffusion process from aggregate biological gene expression data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430158v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physiological underpinning of default-mode network emergence in the human infant brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430158v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human infancy is characterized by most rapid cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases across lifespan and emergence of a fundamental brain system default-mode network (DMN). However, how infant rCBF change spatiotemporally across the brain and how the rCBF dynamics support emergence of vital functional networks such as DMN remains unknown. Here, by acquiring cutting-edge multi-modal MRI including pseudo-continuous arterial-spin-labeled perfusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI of infants aged 0 to 24 months, we elucidated unprecedented 4D spatiotemporal infant rCBF framework and region-specific physiology-function coupling across infancy. We found faster rCBF increases in the DMN than other regions. We also found strongly coupled increases of rCBF and network strength specifically in the DMN, suggesting faster local blood flow increase to meet extra neuronal metabolic demands in the DMN maturation. These results offer insights into physiological mechanism of brain functional network emergence and have important implications in altered network maturation in brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detre, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.08.430158</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physiological underpinning of default-mode network emergence in the human infant brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondriomics reveals the underlying neuoprotective mechanism of TrkB receptor agonist R13 in the 5xFAD mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Decreased energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis defects are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease (AD). In present study, mitochondriomics analysis revealed significant effects of R13, a prodrug of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, on mitochondrial protein expression profile, including the proteins related to the biological processes: fatty acid beta-oxidation, fatty acid metabolic process, mitochondrial electron transport, and mitochondrial respiratory chain. Cluster analysis of mitochondriomics demonstrated that R13 promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The functional analysis showed that R13 increased ATP levels and enhanced OXPHOS including complex I, complex II, complex III and complex IV. R13 treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating the levels of p-AMPK, p-CREB, PGC-1, NRF1 and TFAM as a consequence of activation of TrkB receptor in the 5xFAD mice. Finally, R13 significantly reduced the levels of tau phosphorylation and A{beta} plaque. Our data suggest that R13 may be used for treating AD via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.08.430227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondriomics reveals the underlying neuoprotective mechanism of TrkB receptor agonist R13 in the 5xFAD mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative proteomics identifies secreted diagnostic biomarkers as well as tumor-dependent prognostic targets for clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third most common and most malignant urological cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 10% for patients with advanced tumors. Here, we identified 10,160 unique proteins by in-depth quantitative proteomics, of which 955 proteins were significantly regulated between tumor and normal adjacent tissues. We verified 4 putatively secreted biomarker candidates, namely PLOD2, FERMT3, SPARC and SIRP, as highly expressed proteins that are not affected by intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Moreover, SPARC displayed a significant increase in urine samples of ccRCC patients, making it a promising marker for clinical screening assays. Furthermore, based on molecular expression profiles, we propose a biomarker panel for the robust classification of ccRCC tumors into two main clusters, which significantly differed in patient outcome with an almost three times higher risk of death for cluster 1 tumors compared to cluster 2 tumors. Moreover, among the most significant clustering proteins, 13 were targets of repurposed inhibitory FDA-approved drugs. Our rigorous proteomics approach identified promising diagnostic and tumor-discriminative biomarker candidates which can serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ccRCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Senturk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armutlu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiremit, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagbudar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.08.430238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative proteomics identifies secreted diagnostic biomarkers as well as tumor-dependent prognostic targets for clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective inhibition reveals the regulatory function of DYRK2 in protein synthesis and calcium entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.12.430909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK2 has emerged as a key regulator of cellular processes such as proteasome-mediated protein degradation. To gain further insights into its function, we took a chemical biology approach and developed C17, a potent small-molecule DYRK2 inhibitor, through multiple rounds of structure-based optimization guided by a number of co-crystallized structures. C17 displayed an effect on DYRK2 at a single-digit nanomolar IC50 and showed outstanding selectivity for the human kinome containing 467 other human kinases. Using C17 as a chemical probe, we further performed quantitative phosphoproteomic assays and identified several novel DYRK2 targets, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). DYRK2 phosphorylated 4E-BP1 at multiple sites, and the combined treatment of C17 with AKT and MEK inhibitors showed synergistic 4E-BP1 phosphorylation suppression. The phosphorylation of STIM1 by DYRK2 substantially increased the interaction of STIM1 with the ORAI1 channel, and C17 impeded the store-operated calcium entry process. Collectively, these studies further expand our understanding of DYRK2 and provide a valuable tool to further pinpoint its biological function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.12.430909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective inhibition reveals the regulatory function of DYRK2 in protein synthesis and calcium entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An allosteric ligand stabilizes distinct conformations in the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.14.431178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric modulators provide therapeutic advantages over orthosteric drugs. A plethora of allosteric modulators have been identified for several GPCRs, particularly for muscarinic receptors (mAChRs)1,2. To study the molecular mechanisms governing allosteric modulation, we utilized a recently developed NMR system to investigate the conformational changes in the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) in response to the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) LY2119620. Our studies provide the first biophysical data showing that LY2119620 can substantially change the structure and dynamics of M2R in both the extracellular and G-protein coupling domains during the activation process. These NMR data suggest that LY2119620 may function by stabilizing distinct sets of conformations not observed in the presence of orthosteric agonists alone, which may account for the different signaling behaviors of the M2R when bound to LY2119620. Our studies provide new structural information for understanding the mechanism of GPCR allostery, and may facilitate the rational design of allosteric therapeutics targeting muscarinic receptors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubner, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gmeiner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobilka, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.14.431178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An allosteric ligand stabilizes distinct conformations in the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431335v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global detection of DNA repair outcomes induced by CRISPR-Cas9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.15.431335v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 generates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) to activate cellular DNA repair pathways for genome editing. The repair of DSBs leads to small insertions or deletions (indels) and other complex byproducts, including large deletions and chromosomal translocations. Indels are well understood to disrupt target genes, while the other deleterious byproducts remain elusive. We developed a new in silico analysis pipeline for the previously described primer-extension-mediated sequencing assay to comprehensively characterize CRISPR-Cas9-induced DSB repair outcomes in human or mouse cells. We identified tremendous deleterious DSB repair byproducts of CRISPR-Cas9 editing, including large deletions, plasmid integrations, and chromosomal translocations. We further elucidated the important roles of microhomology, chromosomal interaction, recurrent DSBs, and DSB repair pathways in the generation of these byproducts. Our findings provide an extra dimension for genome editing safety besides off-targets. And caution should be exercised to avoid not only off-target damages but also deleterious DSB repair byproducts during genome editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.15.431335</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global detection of DNA repair outcomes induced by CRISPR-Cas9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene loss during the transition to multicellularity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multicellular evolution is a major transition associated with momentous diversification of multiple lineages and increased developmental complexity. The volvocine algae comprise a valuable system for the study of this transition, as they span from unicellular to undifferentiated and differentiated multicellular morphologies despite their genomes being highly similar, suggesting multicellular evolution requires few genetic changes to undergo dramatic shifts in developmental complexity. Here, the evolutionary dynamics of six volvocine genomes were examined, where a gradual loss of genes was observed in parallel to the co-option of a few key genes. Protein complexes in the six species exhibited a high degree of novel interactions, suggesting that gene loss plays a role in evolutionary novelty. This finding was supported by gene network modeling, where gene loss outpaces gene gain in generating novel stable network states. These results suggest developmental complexity may be driven by gene loss, and not just by gene gain.

Significance StatementIncreased developmental complexity is thought to evolve mainly through genetic innovation and co-option. Comparison of the genomes of the closely related volvocines revealed that despite large changes in developmental complexity their genomes are exhibiting significant gene loss. Further, a burst of gene loss is shown to occur at the transition to undifferentiated multicellularity by gene inactivation and decay. This likely results in changes to protein-protein interactions within the cell, suggesting evolutionary novelty does not always require gene gain. Using empirical and modelling approaches we demonstrate gene loss can more easily produce protein network novelty than gene gain. We propose that gene loss can be a driver of biological innovation, allowing for reconfiguration of gene networks and differential use of existing functional repertoires.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Marin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakijas, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tyagi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanschen, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffel, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, B. J. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.16.431445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene loss during the transition to multicellularity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Probe the effect of clustering on EphA2 receptor signaling efficiency by subcellular control of ligand-receptor mobility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.16.431455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clustering of ligand:receptor complexes on the cell membrane is widely presumed to have functional consequences for subsequent signal transduction. However, it is experimentally challenging to selectively manipulate receptor clustering without altering other biochemical aspects of the cellular system. Here, we develop a microfabrication strategy to produce substrates displaying mobile and immobile ligands that are separated by roughly one micron and thus experience an identical cytoplasmic signaling state, enabling precision comparison of downstream signaling reactions. Applying this approach to characterize the ephrinA1:EphA2 signaling system reveals that EphA2 clustering enhances receptor phosphorylation. Single molecule imaging clearly resolves increased molecular binding dwell time at EphA2 clusters for both Grb2:SOS and NCK:NWASP signaling modules. This type of intracellular comparison enables a substantially higher degree of quantitative analysis than is possible when comparisons must be made between different cells and essentially eliminates the effects of cellular response to ligand manipulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaidel-Bar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groves, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.16.431455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Probe the effect of clustering on EphA2 receptor signaling efficiency by subcellular control of ligand-receptor mobility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impaired pattern separation in Tg2576 mice is associated with hyperexcitable dentate gyrus caused by Kv4.1 downregulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.17.431569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss. Most AD researches have focused on neurodegeneration mechanisms. Considering that neurodegenerative changes are not reversible, understanding early functional changes before neurodegeneration is critical to develop new strategies for early detection and treatment of AD. We found that Tg2576 mice exhibited impaired pattern separation at the early preclinical stage. Based on previous studies suggesting a critical role of dentate gyrus (DG) in pattern separation, we investigated functional changes in DG of Tg2576 mice. We found that granule cells in DG (DG-GCs) in Tg2576 mice showed increased action potential firing in response to long depolarizations and reduced 4-AP sensitive K+-currents compared to DG-GCs in wild-type (WT) mice. Among Kv4 family channels, Kv4.1 mRNA expression in DG was significantly lower in Tg2576 mice. We confirmed that Kv4.1 protein expression was reduced in Tg2576, and this reduction was restored by antioxidant treatment. Hyperexcitable DG and impaired pattern separation in Tg2576 mice were also recovered by antioxidant treatment. These results highlight the hyperexcitability of DG-GCs as a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying early cognitive deficits in AD and Kv4.1 as a new target for AD pathogenesis in relation to increased oxidative stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.17.431569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impaired pattern separation in Tg2576 mice is associated with hyperexcitable dentate gyrus caused by Kv4.1 downregulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-Path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.431761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uniparentally-inherited markers on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining regions of the Y chromosome (NRY), have been used for the past 30 years to investigate the history of humans from a maternal and paternal perspective.

Researchers have preferred mtDNA due to its abundance in the cells, and comparatively high substitution rate. Conversely, the NRY is less susceptible to back mutations and saturation, and is potentially more informative than mtDNA owing to its longer sequence length. However, due to comparatively poor NRY coverage via shotgun sequencing, and the relatively low and biased representation of Y-chromosome variants on capture arrays such as the 1240K, ancient DNA studies often fail to utilize the unique perspective that the NRY can yield.

Here we introduce a new DNA enrichment assay, coined YMCA (Y-mappable capture assay), that targets the "mappable" regions of the NRY. We show that compared to low-coverage shotgun sequencing and 1240K capture, YMCA significantly improves the coverage and number of sites hit on the NRY, increasing the number of Y-haplogroup informative SNPs, and allowing for the identification of previously undiscovered variants.

To illustrate the power of YMCA, we show that the analysis of ancient Y-chromosome lineages can help to resolve Y-chromosomal haplogroups. As a case study, we focus on H2, a haplogroup associated with a critical event in European human history: the Neolithic transition. By disentangling the evolutionary history of this haplogroup, we further elucidate the two separate paths by which early farmers expanded from Anatolia and the Near East to western Europe.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rohrlach, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papac, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childebayeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivollat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villalba-Mouco, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumann, G. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penske, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skourtanioti, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van de Loosdrecht, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyadzhiev, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyadzhiev, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deguilloux, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdal, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frangipane, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furmanek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friederich, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghesquiere, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haluszko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuessner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannino, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oezbal, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhold, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rottier, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar-Garcia, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stockhammer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Togores Munoz, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yener, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posth, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krause, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herbig, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haak, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.431761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using Y-chromosome capture enrichment to resolve haplogroup H2 shows new evidence for a two-Path Neolithic expansion to Western Europe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antiviral effect of a nucleic acid hydrolyzing scFv against oseltamivir resistant influenza A virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.19.432068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Influenza viral genome is frequently mutated due to antigenic shift and drift, and therefore the existing antiviral drugs have been suffered from low efficacy against the viruses. Here we report an innovative strategy for treating influenza Type A (IAV) infection by 3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) showing intrinsic viral RNA hydrolyzing activity, cell penetration activity and the epidermal cell penetration ability. In this study, we first analyzed antiviral activity directed by 3D8 scFv to three different strains, two oseltamivir-sensitive (A/PuertoRico/8/1934, A/X-31) and oseltamivir-resistant (A/Korea/2785/2009pdm) using cell culture models, suggesting that 3D8 scFv reduces viral genomic RNA. Moreover, we further addressed antiviral effect to analyze clinical outcomes in in vivo mice model. Intranasal administered 3D8 scFv rescued the mice challenged by oseltamivir resistant H1N1. Consistent results are observed through IHC pathology and molecular virological analysis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3D8 scFv has antiviral potential against a wide range of IAV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, w.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.19.432068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antiviral effect of a nucleic acid hydrolyzing scFv against oseltamivir resistant influenza A virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.21.432153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insight into host plasma membrane association and assembly of HIV-1 Matrix protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.21.432153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HIV-1 continues to be a global health concern since AIDS was first recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is estimated that there were 38 million people infected with HIV-1 and 1.5 million deaths in 2019 alone. A better understanding of the details of the HIV late-stage life cycle, involving Pr55Gag attachment to the membrane for the further oligomerization to release virion, will provide us new avenues for potential treatment. Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is an abundant endogenous cyclitol molecule and its binding was linked to the oligomerization of Pr55Gag via the MA domain. However, the binding site of IP6 on MA was unknown and the structural details of this interaction were missing. Here, we present three high-resolution crystal structures of the MA domain in complex with IP6 molecules to reveal its binding mode. Additionally, extensive Differential Scanning Fluorimetry analysis combined with cryo- and ambient-temperature X-ray crystallography and computational biology identify the key residues that participate in IP6 binding. Our data provide novel insights about the multilayered HIV-1 virion assembly process that involves the interplay of IP6 with PIP2, a phosphoinositide essential for the membrane binding of Pr55Gag. IP6 and PIP2 have neighboring alternate binding sites within the same highly basic region (residues 18-33). This indicates that IP6 and PIP2 bindings are not mutually exclusive and may play a key role in coordinating virion particles membrane localization. Based on our three different IP6-MA complex crystal structures, we propose a new model that involves the IP6 coordination of the oligomerization of outer MA and inner CA domain 2D layers during assembly and budding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tateishi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koiwai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anraku, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monde, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yigin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Besler, S. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haliloglu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yumoto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.21.432153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insight into host plasma membrane association and assembly of HIV-1 Matrix protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of interspecies recombinations in the evolution of antibiotic resistant pneumococci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe evolutionary histories of the antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae lineages PMEN3 and PMEN9 were reconstructed using global collections of genomes. In PMEN3, one resistant clade spread worldwide, and underwent 25 serotype switches, enabling evasion of vaccine-induced immunity. In PMEN9, only 9 switches were detected, and multiple resistant lineages emerged independently and circulated locally. In Germany, PMEN9s expansion correlated significantly with the macrolide:penicillin consumption ratio. These isolates were penicillin sensitive but macrolide resistant, through a homologous recombination that integrated Tn1207.1 into a competence gene, preventing further diversification via transformation. Analysis of a species-wide dataset found 183 acquisitions of macrolide resistance, and multiple gains of the tetracycline-resistant transposon Tn916, through homologous recombination, often originating in other streptococcal species. Consequently, antibiotic selection preserves atypical recom- bination events that cause sequence divergence and structural variation throughout the S. pneumoniae chromosome. These events reveal the genetic exchanges between species normally counter-selected until perturbed by clinical interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>D'Aeth, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Linden, M. P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGee, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Lencastre, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gladstone, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sá-Leão, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanage, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beall, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentley, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croucher, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The GPS Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of interspecies recombinations in the evolution of antibiotic resistant pneumococci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432260v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Resurrection of human endogenous retroviruses during aging reinforces senescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.22.432260v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether and how certain transposable elements with viral origins, such as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) dormant in our genomes, can become awakened and contribute to the aging process are largely unknown. In human senescent cells, we found that HERVK (HML-2), the most recently integrated human ERVs, are unlocked to transcribe viral genes and produce retrovirus-like particles (RVLPs). These HERVK RVLPs constitute a transmissible message to elicit senescence phenotypes in young cells, which can be blocked by neutralizing antibodies. Activation of ERVs was also observed in organs of aged primates and mice, as well as in human tissues and serum from the elderly. Their repression alleviates cellular senescence and tissue degeneration and, to some extent, organismal aging. These findings indicate that the resurrection of ERVs is a hallmark and driving force of cellular senescence and tissue aging.

In briefLiu and colleagues uncover the ways in which de-repression of human endogenous retrovirus triggers cellular senescence and tissue aging; the findings provide fresh insights into therapeutic strategies for alleviating aging.

HighlightsO_LIDerepression of the endogenous retrovirus contributes to programmed aging
C_LIO_LIUpregulation of HERVK triggers the innate immune response and cellular senescence
C_LIO_LIExtracellular HERVK retrovirus-like particles induce senescence in young cells
C_LIO_LIEndogenous retrovirus serves as a potential target to alleviate agings
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=194 SRC="FIGDIR/small/432260v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (64K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@31d384org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13594c0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b8e070org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@196e5be_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>liu, g.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.22.432260</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Resurrection of human endogenous retroviruses during aging reinforces senescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.23.432530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is an essential guild of many forested ecosystems and has a dynamic evolutionary history across kingdom Fungi, having independently evolved from diverse types of saprotrophic ancestors. In this study, we seek to identify genomic features of the transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit within the Russulaceae, one of the most diverse lineages of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We present comparative analyses of the pangenome and gene repertoires of 21 species across the order Russulales, including a closely related saprotrophic member of Russulaceae. The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae is inferred to have originated around the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event (73.6-60.1 million years ago (MY)). The genomes of the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae are characterized by a loss of genes for plant cell-wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), an expansion of genome size through increased transposable element (TE) content, a reduction in secondary metabolism clusters, and an association of genes coding for certain secreted proteins with TE "nests". The saprotrophic sister group of the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae, Gloeopeniophorella convolvens, possesses some of these aspects (e.g., loss of some PCWDE and protease orthologs, TE expansion, reduction in secondary metabolism clusters), resulting from an accelerated rate of gene evolution in the shared ancestor of Russulaceae that predates the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal habit. Genomes of Russulaceae possess a high degree of synteny, including a conserved set of terpene secondary metabolite gene clusters. We hypothesize that the evolution of the ectomycorrhizal habit requires premodification of the genome for plant root association followed by an accelerated rate of gene evolution within the secretome for host-defense circumvention and symbiosis establishment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Looney, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyauchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drula, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courty, P.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kohler, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindquist, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LaButti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pangilinan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipzen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreopoulos, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barry, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grigoriev, I. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagy, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbett, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrissat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matheny, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labbe, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.23.432530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary priming and transition to the ectomycorrhizal habit in an iconic lineage of mushroom-forming fungi: is preadaptation a requirement?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
REVA as a Well-curated Database for Human Expression-modulating Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
More than 80% of disease- and trait-associated human variants are noncoding. By systematically screening multiple large-scale studies, we compiled REVA, a manually curated database for over 11.8 million experimentally tested noncoding variants with expression-modulating potentials. We provided 2424 functional annotations that could be used to pinpoint plausible regulatory mechanism of these variants. We further benchmarked multiple state-of-the-art computational tools and found their limited sensitivity remains a serious challenge for effective large-scale analysis. REVA provides high-qualify experimentally tested expression-modulating variants with extensive functional annotations, which will be useful for users in the noncoding variants community. REVA is available at http://reva.gao-lab.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[REVA as a Well-curated Database for Human Expression-modulating Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ultrasensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The purinergic transmitter ATP (adenosine 5-triphosphate) plays an essential role in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and the ability to directly measure extracellular ATP in real time will increase our understanding of its physiological functions. We developed an ultrasensitive GPCR Activation-Based ATP sensor called GRABATP1.0, with a robust fluorescence response to extracellular ATP when expressed in several cell types. This sensor has sub-second kinetics, ATP affinity in the range of tens of nanomolar, and can be used to localize ATP release with subcellular resolution. Using this sensor, we monitored ATP release under a variety of in vitro and in vivo conditions, including primary hippocampal neurons, a zebrafish model of injury-induced ATP release, and LPS-induced ATP-release events in individual astrocytes in the mouse cortex measured using in vivo two-photon imaging. Thus, the GRABATP1.0 sensor is a sensitive, versatile tool for monitoring ATP release and dynamics under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ultrasensitive GRAB sensor for detecting extracellular ATP in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Permeant Fluorescent Probes Visualize the Activation of SARM1 and Uncover an Anti-neurodegenerative Drug Candidate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARM1 regulates axonal degeneration through its NAD-metabolizing activity and is a drug target for neurodegenerative disorders. We designed and synthesized fluorescent conjugates of styryl derivative with pyridine to serve as substrates of SARM1, which exhibited large red-shifts after conversion. With the conjugates, SARM1 activation was visualized in live cells following elevation of endogenous NMN or treatment with a cell-permeant NMN-analog. In neurons, imaging documented SARM1 activation preceded vincristine-induced axonal degeneration by hours. Library screening identified a derivative of nisoldipine as a covalent inhibitor of SARM1 that reacted with Cys311 in its Armadillo-domain and blocked its NMN-activation, protecting axons from degeneration. CryoEM showed that SARM1 was locked into an inactive conformation by the inhibitor, uncovering an unsuspected neuroprotective mechanism of dihydropyridines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Permeant Fluorescent Probes Visualize the Activation of SARM1 and Uncover an Anti-neurodegenerative Drug Candidate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Natural selections on both amino acid sequences and expression levels are determinants of ohnolog retention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.24.432806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanism of ohnolog retention is a subject of concern in evolutionary biology. Natural selections on coding sequences and gene dosages have been proposed to be determinants of ohnolog retention. However, the relationship between the two models is not widely accepted, and the role of regulatory sequences on ohnolog retention has long been neglected. In this study, based on a model of complex traits genetic architecture, we compared the natural selections strength on corresponding sequences between ohnologs and non-ohnologs by comparing complex traits heritability enrichments. We showed that complex traits regulatory sequences heritability enrichments (p = 1.1 x 10-5 in 5 kb flanking regions) and expression-mediated heritability enrichments (p = 2.1 x 10-5) of ohnologs were significantly higher than non-ohnologs. Then, we deduced that regulatory sequences of ohnologs were under substantial natural selection, which was also a determent of ohnolog retention. Meanwhile, we showed that in coding sequences, the complex traits heritability enrichments of ohnologs were significantly higher than of non-ohnologs (p = 9.9 x 10-5), supporting the ohnolog retention model of natural selection on coding sequences. We also showed that complex traits causal gene expression effect sizes of ohnologs were significantly larger than of non-ohnologs (p = 8.8 x 10-6), supporting the ohnolog retention model of natural selection on gene dosages. In conclusion, we provide the first unified framework to show that both amino acid sequences and expression levels of ohnologs are under substantial selection, which may end the long-standing debate on ohnolog retention models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.24.432806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Natural selections on both amino acid sequences and expression levels are determinants of ohnolog retention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.25.432705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Withaferin A promotes white adipose browning and prevents obesity through sympathetic nerve-activated Prdm16-FATP1 axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.25.432705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing prevalence of obesity has resulted in demands for the development of new effective strategies for obesity treatment. The Withaferin A (WA) shows a great potential for prevention of obesity by sensitizing leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanism underlying the weight- and adiposity-reducing effects of WA remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that WA treatment induced white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, elevated energy expenditure (EE), decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and prevented high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The sympathetic chemical denervation dampened the WAT browning and also impeded the reduction of adiposity in WA-treated mice. WA markedly up-regulated the levels of Prdm16 and FATP1 (Slc27a1) in the inguinal WAT (iWAT), and this was blocked by sympathetic denervation. Prdm16 or FATP1 knockdown in iWAT abrogated the WAT browning-inducing effects of WA, and restored the weight gain and the adiposity in WA-treated mice. Together, these findings suggest that WA induces WAT browning through the sympathetic nerve-adipose axis; and the adipocytic Prdm16-FATP1 pathway mediates the promotive effects of WA on white adipose browning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.25.432705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Withaferin A promotes white adipose browning and prevents obesity through sympathetic nerve-activated Prdm16-FATP1 axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.432996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AIM-CICs: automatic identification method for Cell-in-cell structures based on convolutional neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.432996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas biochemical markers are available for most types of cell death, current studies on non-autonomous cell death by entosis relays strictly on the identification of cell-in-cell structure (CICs), a unique morphological readout that can only be quantified manually at present. Moreover, the manual CICs quantification is generally over-simplified as CICs counts, which represents a major hurdle against profound mechanistic investigations. In this study, we take advantage of artificial intelligence (AI) technology to develop an automatic identification method for CICs (AIM-CICs), which performs comprehensive CICs analysis in an automated and efficient way. The AIM-CICs, developed on the algorithm of convolutional neural network (CNN), can not only differentiate between CICs and non-CICs (AUC > 0.99), but also accurately categorize CICs into five subclasses based on CICs stages and cell number involved (AUC > 0.97 for all subclasses). The application of AIM-CICs would systemically fuel researches on CICs-mediated cell death such as high-throughput screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.432996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AIM-CICs: automatic identification method for Cell-in-cell structures based on convolutional neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allostery in Proteins as Point-to-Point Telecommunication in a Network: Frequency Decomposed Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Channel Capacity Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAllostery in proteins is a phenomenon in which the binding of a ligand induces alterations in the activity of remote functional sites. This can be conceptually viewed as point-to-point telecommunication in a networked communication medium, where a signal (ligand) arriving at the input (binding site) propagates through the network (interconnected and interacting atoms) to reach the output (remote functional site). The reliable transmission of the signal to distal points occurs despite all the disturbances (noise) affecting the protein. Based on this point of view, we propose a computational frequency-domain framework to characterize the displacements and the fluctuations in a region within the protein, originating from the ligand excitation at the binding site and noise, respectively. We characterize the displacements in the presence of the ligand, and the fluctuations in its absence. In the former case, the effect of the ligand is modeled as an external dynamic oscillatory force excitation, whereas in the latter, the sole source of fluctuations is the noise arising from the interactions with the surrounding medium that is further shaped by the internal protein network dynamics. We introduce the excitation frequency as a key factor in a Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) based analysis, where SNR is defined as the ratio of the displacements stemming from only the ligand to the fluctuations due to noise alone. We then employ an information-theoretic (communication) channel capacity analysis that extends the SNR based characterization by providing a route for discovering new allosteric regions. We demonstrate the potential utility of the proposed methods for the representative PDZ3 protein.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bozkurt Varolgunes, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudzinski, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allostery in Proteins as Point-to-Point Telecommunication in a Network: Frequency Decomposed Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Channel Capacity Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433035v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calbindin regulates Kv4.1 trafficking and excitability of dentate granule cells via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.433035v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Calbindin, a major Ca2+ buffer in dentate granule cells (GCs), plays a critical role in shaping Ca2+ signals, yet how it regulates neuronal functions remains largely unknown. Here, we found that calbindin knock-out mice (CBKO) exhibited hyperexcitability in dentate GCs and impaired pattern separation, which was concurrent with reduced K+ current due to downregulated surface expression of Kv4.1. Consistently, manipulation of the calbindin expression in HT22 led to changes in CaMKII activation and the level of surface localization of Kv4.1 through phosphorylation at serine 555, confirming the mechanism underlying neuronal hyperexcitability in CBKO. We also discovered that Ca2+ buffering capacity was significantly reduced in the GCs of Tg2576 to the level of CBKO GCs, and this reduction was restored to normal levels by antioxidants, suggesting that calbindin is a target of oxidative stress. Our data suggest that regulation of CaMKII signaling by Ca2+ buffer is crucial for neuronal excitability regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.02.26.433035</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calbindin regulates Kv4.1 trafficking and excitability of dentate granule cells via CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A role for the immune system-released activating agent (ISRAA) in the ontogenetic development of brain astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Immune System-Released Activating Agent (ISRAA) was discovered as a novel molecule that functions as a mediator between the nervous and immune systems in response to a nervous stimulus following an immune challenge. This research investigated the role of ISRAA) in promoting the ontogeny of the mouse brain astrocytes. Astrocyte cultures were prepared from two-month-old BALB/c mice. Recombinant ISRAA protein was used to stimulate astrocyte cultures. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were utilized to measure ISRAA and IFN-{gamma} levels, IFN-{gamma}R expression and STAT1 nuclear translocation. MTT-assay was used to evaluate cellular survival and proliferation. To assess astrocyte cell lysates and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, SDS-PAGE and western blot were used. ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. ISRAA stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1. IFN-{gamma} was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-{gamma} in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-{gamma}R. The results suggest that ISRAA is involved in mouse brain development through the cytokine network involving IFN-{gamma}.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Awadi, A. M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlJawder, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mousa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhiet, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A role for the immune system-released activating agent (ISRAA) in the ontogenetic development of brain astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identify phage hosts from metaviromic short reads based on deep learning and Markov chain model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.01.433351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phages - viruses that infect bacteria and archaea - are dominant in the virosphere and play an important role in the microbial community. It is very important to identify the host of a given phage fragment from metavriome data for understanding the ecological impact of phage in a microbial community. State-of-the-art tools for host identification only present reliable results on long sequences within a narrow candidate host range, while there are a large number of short fragments in real metagenomic data and the taxonomic composition of a microbial community is often complicated. Here, we present a method, named HoPhage, to identify the host of a given phage fragment from metavirome data at the genus level. HoPhage integrates two modules using the deep learning algorithms and the Markov chain model, respectively. By testing on both the artificial benchmark dataset of phage contigs and the real virome data, HoPhage demonstrates a satisfactory performance on short fragments within a wide candidate host range at every taxonomic level. HoPhage is freely available at http://cqb.pku.edu.cn/ZhuLab/HoPhage/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.433351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identify phage hosts from metaviromic short reads based on deep learning and Markov chain model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433762v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cooperative regulation of coupled oncoprotein translation and stability in triple-negative breast cancer by EGFR and CDK12 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433762v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence has long suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may play a prominent role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) pathogenesis, but clinical trials of EGFR inhibitors have yielded disappointing results. Using a candidate drug screen, we discovered that inhibition of CDK12 dramatically sensitizes diverse models of TNBC to EGFR blockade. Instead of functioning through CDK12s well-established roles proximal to transcription, this combination therapy drives cell death through the 4E-BP1-dependent suppression of the translation and consequent stability of driver oncoproteins, including MYC. A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identified the CCR4-NOT complex as a major determinant of sensitivity to the combination therapy whose loss renders 4E-BP1 unresponsive to drug-induced dephosphorylation, rescuing MYC translational suppression and stability. The central roles of CCR4-NOT and 4E-BP1 in response to the combination therapy were further underscored by the observation of CNOT1 loss and rescue of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in TNBC cells that naturally evolved therapy resistance. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of CDK12 reveals a long proposed EGFR dependence in TNBC that functions through the cooperative regulation of translation-coupled oncoprotein stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ang, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutiman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartelt, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDowell, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicchitta, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.433762</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cooperative regulation of coupled oncoprotein translation and stability in triple-negative breast cancer by EGFR and CDK12]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of Large-Scale Brain Network Dynamics in Children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.03.433828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional brain networks require dynamic reconfiguration to support flexible cognitive function. However, the developmental principles shaping brain network dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we report the longitudinal development of large-scale brain network dynamics during childhood and adolescence, and its connection with gene expression profiles. Using a multilayer network model, we show the temporally varying modular architecture of child brain networks, with higher network switching primarily in the association cortex and lower switching in the primary regions. This topographical profile exhibits progressive maturation, which manifests as reduced modular dynamics, particularly in the transmodal (e.g., default-mode and frontoparietal) and sensorimotor regions. These developmental refinements mediate age-related enhancements of global network segregation and are linked with the expression profiles of genes associated with the enrichment of ion transport and nucleobase-containing compound transport. These results highlight a progressive stabilization of brain dynamics, which expand our understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie cognitive development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.433828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of Large-Scale Brain Network Dynamics in Children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scaling dictates the decoder structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite fluctuations in embryo size within a species, the spatial gene expression pattern and hence the embryonic structure develop in proportion with embryo size, known as the scaling phenomenon. For morphogen induced patterning of gene expression, the positional information encoded in the morphogen profile is decoded by the downstream genetic network (the decoder). In this paper, we show that the requirement of scaling sets severe constraints on the geometric structure of the decoder, which in turn enables deduction of mutants behavior and extraction of regulation information without going into any molecular details. We demonstrate that the Drosophila gap gene system achieves scaling in the way consistent with our theory - the decoder geometry required by scaling correctly accounts for the observed gap gene expression pattern in nearly all maternal morphogen mutants. Furthermore, the regulation logic and the coding/decoding strategy of the gap gene system can also be revealed from the decoder geometry. Our work provides a general theoretical framework on a large class of problems where scaling output is induced by non-scaling input, as well as a unified understanding of scaling, mutants behavior and gene regulation for the Drosophila gap gene system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.433820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scaling dictates the decoder structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Using Chimeric Antisense Oligonucleotides through RNase L Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.04.433849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is an urgent need for effective antiviral drugs to alleviate the current COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we rationally designed and developed chimeric antisense oligonucleotides to degrade envelope and spike RNAs of SARS-CoV-2. Each oligonucleotide comprises a 3 antisense sequence for target recognition and a 5-phosphorylated 2-5 poly(A)4 for guided ribonuclease L (RNase L) activation. Since RNase L can potently cleave single strand RNA during innate antiviral response, the improved degradation efficiency of chimeric oligonucleotides was twice as much as classic antisense oligonucleotides in Vero cells, for both SARS-CoV-2 RNA targets. In pseudovirus infection models, one of chimeric oligonucleotides targeting spike RNA achieved potent and broad-spectrum inhibition of both SARS-CoV-2 and its recently reported N501Y and/or {Delta}H69/{Delta}V70 mutants. These results showed that the constructed chimeric oligonucleotides could efficiently degrade pathogenic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 facilitated by immune activation, showing promising potentials as antiviral nucleic acid drugs for COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.433849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Using Chimeric Antisense Oligonucleotides through RNase L Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recovery of high-qualitied Genomes from a deep-inland Salt Lake Using BASALT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.05.434042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metagenomic binning enables the in-depth characterization of microorganisms. To improve the resolution and efficiency of metagenomic binning, BASALT (Binning Across a Series of AssembLies Toolkit), a novel binning toolkit was present in this study, which recovers, compares and optimizes metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) across a series of assemblies from short-read, long-read or hybrid strategies. BASALT incorporates self-designed algorithms which automates the separation of redundant bins, elongate and refine best bins and improve contiguity. Evaluation using mock communities revealed that BASALT auto-binning obtained up to 51% more number of MAGs with up to 10 times better MAG quality from microbial community at low (132 genomes) and medium (596 genomes) complexity, compared to other binners such as DASTool, VAMB and metaWRAP. Using BASALT, a case-study analysis of a Salt Lake sediment microbial community from northwest arid region of China was performed, resulting in 426 non-redundant MAGs, including 352 and 69 bacterial and archaeal MAGs which could not be assigned to any known species from GTDB (ANI < 95%), respectively. In addition, two Lokiarchaeotal MAGs that belong to superphylum Asgardarchaeota were observed from Salt Lake sediment samples. This is the first time that candidate species from phylum Lokiarchaeota was found in the arid and deep-inland environment, filling the current knowledge gap of earth microbiome. Overall, BASALT is proven to be a robust toolkit for metagenomic binning, and more importantly, expand the Tree of Life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.434042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recovery of high-qualitied Genomes from a deep-inland Salt Lake Using BASALT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434240v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chloride efflux transporter OsBIRG1 regulates grain size and salt tolerance in rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434240v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grain size is determined by the number of cells and cell size of the grain. Regulation of grain size is crucial for improving crop yield. However, the genes and underlying molecular mechanisms controlling grain size remain elusive. Here we report a member of Detoxification efflux carrier (DTX)/Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) family transporter, BIG RICE GRAIN 1 (BIRG1), negatively regulates the grain size in rice. BIRG1 is highly expressed in reproductive organs and roots. In birg1 grain, the size of the outer parenchyma layer cells of spikelet hulls is noticeably larger but the cell number is not altered compared with that in the wild-type (WT) grain. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, BIRG1 exhibits chloride efflux activity. In line with the role of BIRG1 in mediating chloride efflux, the birg1 mutant shows reduced tolerance to salt stress under which the chloride level is toxic. Moreover, the birg1 grains contain higher level of chloride compared to WT grains when grown under normal paddy field. The birg1 roots accumulate more chloride than those of WT under saline condition. Collectively, our findings suggest that BIRG1 functions as a chloride efflux transporter regulating grain size and salt tolerance via controlling chloride homeostasis in rice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.434240</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chloride efflux transporter OsBIRG1 regulates grain size and salt tolerance in rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting Transition Cells from Single-Cell Transcriptome Data through Multiscale Stochastic Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advances of single-cell technologies allow scrutinizing of heterogeneous cell states, however, analyzing transitions from snap-shot single-cell transcriptome data remains challenging. To investigate cells with transient properties or mixed identities, we present MuTrans, a method based on multiscale reduction technique for the underlying stochastic dynamical systems that prescribes cell-fate transitions. By iteratively unifying transition dynamics across multiple scales, MuTrans constructs the cell-fate dynamical manifold that depicts progression of cell-state transition, and distinguishes meta-stable and transition cells. In addition, MuTrans quantifies the likelihood of all possible transition trajectories between cell states using the coarse-grained transition path theory. Downstream analysis identifies distinct genes that mark the transient states or drive the transitions. Mathematical analysis reveals consistency of the method with the well-established Langevin equation and transition rate theory. Applying MuTrans to datasets collected from five different single-cell experimental platforms and benchmarking with seven existing tools, we show its capability and scalability to robustly unravel complex cell fate dynamics induced by transition cells in systems such as tumor EMT, iPSC differentiation and blood cell differentiation. Overall, our method bridges data-driven and model-based approaches on cell-fate transitions at single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.434281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting Transition Cells from Single-Cell Transcriptome Data through Multiscale Stochastic Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.14.434027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A General LSTM-based Deep Learning Method for Estimating Neuronal Models and Inferring Neural Circuitry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.14.434027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational neural models are essential tools for neuroscientists to study the functional roles of single neurons or neural circuits. With the recent advances in experimental techniques, there is a growing demand to build up neural models at single neuron or large-scale circuit levels. A long-standing challenge to build up such models lies in tuning the free parameters of the models to closely reproduce experimental recordings. There are many advanced machine-learning-based methods developed recently for parameter tuning, but many of them are task-specific or requires onerous manual interference. There lacks a general and fully-automated method since now. Here, we present a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based deep learning method, General Neural Estimator (GNE), to fully automate the parameter tuning procedure, which can be directly applied to both single neuronal models and large-scale neural circuits. We made comprehensive comparisons with many advanced methods, and GNE showed outstanding performance on both synthesized data and experimental data. Finally, we proposed a roadmap centered on GNE to help guide neuroscientists to computationally reconstruct single neurons and neural circuits, which might inspire future brain reconstruction techniques and corresponding experimental design. The code of our work will be publicly available upon acceptance of this paper.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.14.434027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A General LSTM-based Deep Learning Method for Estimating Neuronal Models and Inferring Neural Circuitry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gel-like inclusions of C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 sequester and inhibit proteasomes in neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.15.435268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TDP-43 inclusions enriched in C-terminal fragments of ~25kDa ("TDP-25") are associated with neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we analyzed gain-of-function mechanisms of TDP-25 combining cryo-electron tomography, proteomics and functional assays. TDP-25 inclusions are amorphous with gel-like biophysical properties and sequester proteasomes adopting exclusively substrate-processing conformations. This leads to proteostasis impairment, further enhanced by pathogenic mutations. These findings bolster the importance of proteasome dysfunction in ALS/FTD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Riemenschneider, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bader, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frottin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farny, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinberger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haass, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartl, F. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hipp, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meissner, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Busnadiego, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edbauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.15.435268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gel-like inclusions of C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 sequester and inhibit proteasomes in neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circular RNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.16.435594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its emerging variants of concern (VOC), such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), has continued to drive the worldwide pandemic. Therefore, there is a high demand for vaccines with enhanced efficacy, high thermostability, superior design flexibility, and fast manufacturing speed. Here, we report a circular RNA (circRNA) vaccine that encodes the trimeric RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Without the need of nucleotide modification, 5-capping or 3-polyadenylation, circRNA could be rapidly produced via in vitro transcription and is highly thermostable whether stored in naked or lipid-nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated format. LNP-encapsulated circRNARBD elicited potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses, providing robust protection against Beta (B.1.351) and native viruses in mice and rhesus macaques, respectively. Notably, circRNA vaccine enabled higher and more durable antigen production than 1m{Psi}-modified mRNA vaccine, eliciting a higher proportion of neutralizing antibodies and stronger Th1-biased immune responses. Importantly, we found that circRNARBD-Omicron vaccine induced effective neutralizing antibodies against only Omicron but not Delta variant. By contrast, circRNARBD-Delta could elicit high level of neutralizing antibodies against both Delta and Omicron. Following two doses of either native- or Delta-specific vaccination, circRNARBD-Delta, but not Omicron or Beta vaccines, could effectively boost the neutralizing antibodies against both Delta and Omicron variants. These results suggest that circRNARBD-Delta is a favorable choice for vaccination to provide a broad-spectrum protection against the current variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.16.435594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circular RNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amelioration of hemophilia B through CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-independent targeted integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.18.435908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Site-specific integration of exogenous gene through genome editing is a promising strategy for gene therapy. However, homology-directed repair (HDR) only occurring in proliferating cells is inefficient especially in vivo. To investigate the efficacy of Cas9-induced homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy for gene therapy, a rat hemophilia B model was generated and employed. Through HITI, a DNA sequence encoding the last exon of rat Albumin (rAlb) gene fused with a high-specific-activity Factor IX variant (R338L) using T2A, was inserted into the last intron of rAlb via recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV). The knock-in efficiency reached up to 3.66% determined by ddPCR. The clotting time was reduced to normal level 4 weeks after treatment, and the circulating FIX level was gradually increased up to 52% of normal during 9 months even after partial hepatectomy, demonstrating the amelioration of hemophilia. Through PEM-seq, no significant off-targeting effect was detected. Moreover, this study provides a promising therapeutic approach for hereditary diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.18.435908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amelioration of hemophilia B through CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-independent targeted integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.21.436312v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting hosts based on early SARS-CoV-2 samples and analyzing later world-wide pandemic in 2020 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.21.436312v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised the concern for identifying hosts of the virus since the early-stage outbreak. To address this problem, we proposed a deep learning method, DeepHoF, based on extracting the viral genomic features automatically, to predict host likelihood scores on five host types, including plant, germ, invertebrate, non-human vertebrate and human, for novel viruses. DeepHoF made up for the lack of an accurate tool applicable to any novel virus and overcame the limitation of the sequence similarity-based methods, reaching a satisfactory AUC of 0.987 on the five-classification. Additionally, to fill the gap in the efficient inference of host species for SARS-CoV-2 using existed tools, we conducted a deep analysis on the host likelihood profile calculated by DeepHoF. Using the isolates sequenced in the earliest stage of COVID-19, we inferred minks, bats, dogs and cats were potential hosts of SARS-CoV-2, while minks might be one of the most noteworthy hosts. Several genes of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated their significance in determining the host range. Furthermore, the large-scale genome analysis, based on DeepHoFs computation for the later world-wide pandemic in 2020, disclosed the uniformity of host range among SARS-CoV-2 samples and the strong association of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and minks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.21.436312</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting hosts based on early SARS-CoV-2 samples and analyzing later world-wide pandemic in 2020]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.433163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overexpression-based detection of translatable circular RNAs is vulnerable to coexistent linear byproducts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.433163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In RNA field, the demarcation between coding and non-coding has been negotiated by the recent discovery of occasionally translated circular RNAs (circRNAs). Although absent of 5 cap structure, circRNAs can be translated cap-independently. Complementary intron-mediated overexpression is one of the most utilized methodologies for circRNA research but not without bearing echoing skepticism for its poorly defined mechanism and latent coexistent side products. In this study, leveraging such circRNA overexpression system, we have interrogated the protein-coding potential of 30 human circRNAs containing infinite open reading frames in HEK293T cells. Surprisingly, pervasive translation signals are detected by immunoblotting. However, intensive mutagenesis reveals that numerous translation signals are generated independently of circRNA synthesis. We have developed a dual tag strategy to isolate translation noise and directly demonstrate that the fallacious translation signals originate from cryptically spliced linear transcripts. The concomitant linear RNA byproducts, presumably concatemers, can be translated to allow pseudo rolling circle translation signals, and can involve backsplicing junction (BSJ) to disqualify the BSJ-based evidence for circRNA translation. We also find non-AUG start codons may engage in the translation initiation of circRNAs. Taken together, our systematic evaluation sheds light on heterogeneous translational outputs from circRNA overexpression vector and comes with a caveat that ectopic overexpression technique necessitates extremely rigorous control setup in circRNA translation and functional investigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.433163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overexpression-based detection of translatable circular RNAs is vulnerable to coexistent linear byproducts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A short ERK5 isoform modulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active ERK5 and associates with poor survival in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of ERK5 has gained recent attention as a regulator of its diverse roles in cancer progression but the exact mechanisms for this shuttling are still under investigation.

MethodsUsing in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies, we investigated the roles of shorter ERK5 isoforms in regulating the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active phosphorylated-ERK5 (pERK5). Retrospective cohorts of primary and metastatic breast cancer cases were used to evaluate the association of the subcellular localization of pERK5 with clinicopathological features.

ResultsExtranuclear localization of pERK5 was observed during cell migration in vitro and at the invasive fronts of metastatic tumors in vivo. The nuclear and extranuclear cell fractions contained different isoforms of pERK5, which are encoded by splice variants expressed in breast and other cancers in the TCGA data. One isoform, isoform-3, lacks the C-terminal transcriptional domain and the nuclear localization signal. The co-expression of isoform-3 and full-length ERK5 associated with high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and poor patient survival. Experimentally, expressing isoform-3 with full-length ERK5 in breast cancer cells increased cell migration, drove EMT and led to tamoxifen resistance. In breast cancer patient samples, pERK5 showed variable subcellular localizations where its extranuclear localization associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, metastasis, and poor survival.

ConclusionOur studies support a model of ERK5 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling driven by splice variants in an interplay between mesenchymal and epithelial states during metastasis. Using ERK5 as a biomarker and a therapeutic target should account for its splicing and context-dependent biological functions.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=97 SRC="FIGDIR/small/436061v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (58K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1491ed5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1875fbeorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9edbbcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16c34c8_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG ERK5 isoform-3 expression deploys active ERK5 (pERK5) outside the nucleus to facilitate EMT and cell migration. In cells dominantly expressing isoform-1, pERK5 shuttles to the nucleus to drive cell expansion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunus, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akgül, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moradi Marjaneh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutasovic, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casciello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozali, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handoko, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiegmans, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Day, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCart Reed, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenevix-Trench, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ejeh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.436061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A short ERK5 isoform modulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of active ERK5 and associates with poor survival in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Financial incentives facilitate the neural computation of prosocial decisions stronger in low empathic individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.23.436445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Financial incentives are commonly used to motivate behaviours. There is also evidence that incentives can decline the behaviour they are supposed to foster, for example, documented by a decrease in blood donations if a financial incentive is offered. Based on these findings, previous studies assumed that prosocial motivation is shaped by incentives. However, so far, there is no direct evidence showing an interaction between financial incentives and a specific prosocial motive. Combining drift-diffusion modelling and fMRI, we investigated the effect of financial incentives on empathy, i.e., one of the key motives driving prosocial decisions. In the empathy-alone condition, participants made prosocial decisions based on empathy, in the empathy-bonus condition, they were offered a financial bonus for prosocial decisions, in addition to empathy induction. On average, the bonus enhanced the information accumulation in empathy-based decision. On the neural level, this enhancement was related to the anterior insula, the same region that also correlated with empathy ratings. Moreover, the effect of the financial incentive on anterior insula activation was stronger the lower a person scored on empathy. These findings show that financial incentives enhance prosocial motivation in the absence of empathy but have little effect on high empathic individuals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iotzov, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saulin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hein, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.436445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Financial incentives facilitate the neural computation of prosocial decisions stronger in low empathic individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are Histone Lysine Delactylases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.24.436780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-lactylation [K(O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-la)] is a newly discovered histone mark that can be stimulated under conditions of high glycolysis, such as the Warburg effect. K(O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-la) is associated with functions that are different from the widely studied histone acetylation. While K(O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-la) can be introduced by the acetyltransferase p300, histone delactylase enzymes remain unknown. Here, we report the systematic evaluation of zinc- and NAD+-dependent HDACs for their ability to cleave {varepsilon}-N-O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-lactyllysine marks. Our screens identified HDACs 1-3 and SIRT1-3 as delactylases in vitro. HDACs 1-3 show robust activity toward not only K(O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-la) but also K(O_SCPLOWDC_SCPLOW-la) and diverse short-chain acyl modifications. We further confirmed the de-O_SCPLOWLC_SCPLOW-lactylase activity of HDACs 1 and 3 in cells. Identification of p300 and HDAC3 as regulatory enzymes suggests that histone lactylation is installed and removed by enzymes as opposed to spontaneous chemical reactivity. Our results therefore represent an important step toward full characterization of this pathways regulatory elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno-Yruela, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolding, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jameson, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olsen, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Class I Histone Deacetylases (HDAC1-3) are Histone Lysine Delactylases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disrupting hierarchical control of nitrogen fixation enables carbon-dependent regulation of ammonia excretion in soil diazotrophs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The energetic requirements for biological nitrogen fixation necessitate stringent regulation of this process in response to diverse environmental constraints. To ensure that the nitrogen fixation machinery is expressed only under appropriate physiological conditions, the dedicated NifL-NifA regulatory system, prevalent in Proteobacteria, plays a crucial role in integrating signals of the oxygen, carbon and nitrogen status to control transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) genes. Greater understanding of the intricate molecular mechanisms driving transcriptional control of nif genes may provide a blueprint for engineering diazotrophs that associate with cereals. In this study, we investigated the properties of a single amino acid substitution in NifA, (NifA-E356K) which disrupts the hierarchy of nif regulation in response to carbon and nitrogen status in Azotobacter vinelandii. The NifA-E356K substitution enabled overexpression of nitrogenase in the presence of excess fixed nitrogen and release of ammonia outside the cell. However, both of these properties were conditional upon the nature of the carbon source. Our studies reveal that the uncoupling of nitrogen fixation from its assimilation is likely to result from feedback regulation of glutamine synthetase, allowing surplus fixed nitrogen to be excreted. Reciprocal substitutions in NifA from other Proteobacteria yielded similar properties to the A. vinelandii counterpart, suggesting that this variant protein may facilitate engineering of carbon source-dependent ammonia excretion amongst diverse members of this family.

SignificanceThe NifL-NifA regulatory system provides dedicated signal transduction machinery to regulate nitrogen fixation in diverse Proteobacteria. Understanding how the balance of nitrogen and carbon resources is signalled via NifL-NifA for precise control of nitrogen fixation may lead to broadly applicable translational outputs. Here, we characterize a NifA variant that bypasses nitrogen regulation but is still dependent on the carbon status to enable ammonia excretion in soil diazotrophs. Disruption of the regulatory hierarchy in response to nitrogen and carbon suggests how the integration of environmental stimuli could be harnessed to engineer conditional release of fixed nitrogen for the benefit of cereal crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bueno Batista, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brett, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appia-Ayme, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disrupting hierarchical control of nitrogen fixation enables carbon-dependent regulation of ammonia excretion in soil diazotrophs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase that directs lysosomal protein transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.436948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GNPT) catalyzes the initial step in the formation of the mannose-6-phosphate tag that labels [~]60 lysosomal proteins for transport. Mutations in GNPT cause lysosomal storage disorders such as mucolipidoses. However, the molecular mechanism of GNPT remains unclear. Mammalian GNPTs are 2{beta}2{gamma}2 hexamers in which the core catalytic - and {beta}-subunits are derived from GNPTAB. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Drosophila melanogaster GNPTAB homolog (DmGNPTAB). Four conserved regions located far apart in the sequence fold into the catalytic domain, which exhibits structural similarity to that of the UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). Comparison with UGGT revealed a putative donor substrate-binding site, and the functional requirements of critical residues in human GNPTAB were validated using GNPTAB-knockout cells. DmGNPTAB forms an evolutionarily conserved homodimer, and perturbing the dimer interface undermines the maturation and activity of human GNPTAB. These results provide important insights into GNPT function and related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.436948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase that directs lysosomal protein transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epithelial Regeneration Ability of Crohn's Disease Assessed Using Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.25.437111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe intrinsic limitation of cell lines and animal models limits our understanding of epithelial regeneration capability in Crohns disease (CD). Therefore, we aimed to study epithelial regeneration ability in CD using an intestinal organoid model. Further, since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is a major proinflammatory effector during CD pathogenesis, we also investigated TNF-induced alteration of regeneration ability in CD patient-derived intestinal organoids.

MethodsHuman intestinal organoids were constructed in a three-dimensional intestinal crypt culture of enteroscopic biopsy samples from control subjects and patients with CD. The epithelial regeneration ability of intestinal organoids was assessed using organoid reconstitution, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and wound healing assays.

ResultsEx vivo cultures of ileal crypt cells revealed that organoid formation rate of CD patients were reduced compared with that of control subjects (p <.001). CD patient-derived organoids sub-cultured for more than 6 passages showed stable organoid reconstitution and identical morphological features. The organoid constitution and MTT assay revealed that the viability of TNF-treated CD patient-derived organoids were significantly lower than that of TNF-treated control organoids (p <.05 for each). The number of EdU+ proliferative cells was significantly lower in TNF-treated CD patient-derived organoids than in TNF-treated control organoids (p <.05). The wound-healing ability of TNF-treated CD patient-derived organoids was significantly lower than that of TNF-treated control organoids (p <.001).

ConclusionsThe clinical trials are disabled to settle this issue, our results indicated that the epithelial regenerative ability is impaired in patients with CD, especially in TNF-enriched condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.25.437111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epithelial Regeneration Ability of Crohn's Disease Assessed Using Patient-Derived Intestinal Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.436691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A spatial and cellular distribution of neurotropic virus infection in the mouse brain revealed by fMOST and single cell RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.26.436691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotropic virus infection can cause serious damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in both human and animals. The complexity of the CNS poses unique challenges to investigate the infection of these viruses in the brain using traditional techniques. In this study, we explore the use of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the spatial and cellular distribution of a representative neurotropic virus, rabies virus (RABV), in the whole brain. Mice were inoculated with a lethal dose of recombinant RABV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under different infection routes, and a three-dimensional view of the distribution of RABV in the whole mouse brain was obtained using fMOST. Meanwhile, we pinpointed the cellular distribution of RABV by utilizing scRNA-seq. Our fMOST data provide the first evidence that RABV can infect multiple nuclei related to fear independent of different infection routes. More surprisingly, scRNA-seq data indicate that besides neurons RABV can infect macrophages and NK cells in vivo. Collectively, this study draws a comprehensively spatial and cellular map of RABV infection in the mouse brain, providing a novel and insightful strategy to investigate the pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.26.436691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A spatial and cellular distribution of neurotropic virus infection in the mouse brain revealed by fMOST and single cell RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenome erosion drives neural crest-like phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer and other SOX10+ malignancies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.30.437624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSIntratumoural heterogeneity is a poor prognostic feature in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and other high-grade malignancies. It is caused by genomic instability and phenotypic plasticity, but how these features co-evolve during tumour development remains unclear. SOX10 is a transcription factor, neural crest stem cell (NCSC) specifier and candidate mediator of cancer-associated phenotypic plasticity.

MethodsUsing immunophenotyping, we investigated the expression of SOX10 in normal human breast tissue and breast cancer (n=21 cosmetic breast reduction and 1,860 tumour samples with clinical annotation). We then defined the context and evolution of its expression in TNBC compared to 21 other malignancies using systems-level transcriptomics.

ResultsSOX10 was detected in nuclei of normal mammary luminal progenitor cells, the histogenic origin of most TNBCs. In breast cancer, nuclear SOX10 predicted poor outcome amongst cross-sectional (log-rank p=0.0015, hazard ratio 2.02, n=224) and metaplastic (log-rank p=0.04, n=66) TNBCs. Systems-level transcriptional network analysis identified a core module in SOX10s normal mammary epithelial transcription program that is rewired to NCSC genes in TNBC. Reprogramming was proportional to DNA damage and genome-wide promoter hypomethylation, particularly at CpG island shores. Using a novel network analysis pipeline, we found that NCSC-like transcriptional reprogramming is also strongly associated with promoter hypomethylation in other SOX10+ malignancies: glioma and melanoma.

ConclusionsWe propose that cancer-associated genome hypomethylation simulates the open chromatin landscape of more primitive cell states, and that on this relatively unrestricted background, SOX10 recreates its ancestral gene regulatory circuits by default. These findings provide new insights about the basis of intratumoural heterogeneity and resurrection of developmental phenotypes in cancer; and highlight the potential for therapeutics that limit chromatin remodelling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saunus, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Luca, X. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Northwood, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghavendra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCart Reed, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutasovic, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalley, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalaw, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalita-de Croft, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gresshoff, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ejeh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gee, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ormandy, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khanna, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chenevix-Trench, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Green, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakha, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, I. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolau, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simpson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.437624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenome erosion drives neural crest-like phenotypic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer and other SOX10+ malignancies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of Latent Drivers from Double Mutations in Pan-Cancer Data Reveal their Clinical Impact 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.02.438239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background

Transforming patient-specific molecular data into clinical decisions is fundamental to personalized medicine. Despite massive advancements in cancer genomics, to date driver mutations whose frequencies are low, and their observable transformation potential is minor have escaped identification. Yet, when paired with other mutations in cis, such  latent driver mutations can drive cancer. Here, we discover potential  latent driver double mutations.

Method

We applied a statistical approach to identify significantly co-occurring mutations in the pan-cancer data of mutation profiles of [~]80,000 tumor sequences from the TCGA and AACR GENIE databases. The components of same gene doublets were assessed as potential latent drivers. We merged the analysis of the significant double mutations with drug response data of cell lines and patient derived xenografts (PDXs). This allowed us to link the potential impact of double mutations to clinical information and discover signatures for some cancer types.

Results

Our comprehensive statistical analysis identified 228 same gene double mutations of which 113 mutations are cataloged as latent drivers. Oncogenic activation of a protein can be through either single or multiple independent mechanisms of action. Combinations of a driver mutation with either a driver, a weak driver, or a strong latent driver have the potential of a single gene leading to a fully activated state and high drug response rate. Tumor suppressors require higher mutational load to coincide with double mutations compared to oncogenes which implies their relative robustness to losing their functions. Evaluation of the response of cell lines and patient-derived xenograft data to drug treatment indicate that in certain genes double mutations can increase oncogenic activity, hence a better drug response (e.g. in PIK3CA), or they can promote resistance to the drugs (e.g. in EGFR).

Conclusion

Our comprehensive analysis of same allele double mutations in cancer genome landscapes emphasizes that interrogation of big genomic data and integration with the results of large-scale small-molecule sensitivity data can provide deep patterns that are rare; but can still result in dramatic phenotypic alterations, and provide clinical signatures for some cancer types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yavuz, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussinov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.02.438239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of Latent Drivers from Double Mutations in Pan-Cancer Data Reveal their Clinical Impact]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of continuously expandable single-cell atlases through integration of heterogeneous datasets in a generalized cell-embedding space 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.06.438536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational tools for integrative analyses of diverse single-cell experiments are facing formidable new challenges including dramatic increases in data scale, sample heterogeneity, and the need to informatively cross-reference new data with foundational datasets. Here, we present SCALEX, a deep-learning method that integrates single-cell data by projecting cells into a batch-invariant, common cell-embedding space in a truly online manner (i.e., without retraining the model). SCALEX substantially outperforms online iNMF and other state-of-the-art non-online integration methods on benchmark single-cell datasets of diverse modalities, (e.g., scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq), especially for datasets with partial overlaps, accurately aligning similar cell populations while retaining true biological differences. We showcase SCALEXs advantages by constructing continuously expandable single-cell atlases for human, mouse, and COVID-19 patients, each assembled from diverse data sources and growing with every new data. The online data integration capacity and superior performance makes SCALEX particularly appropriate for large-scale single-cell applications to build-upon previously hard-won scientific insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.06.438536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of continuously expandable single-cell atlases through integration of heterogeneous datasets in a generalized cell-embedding space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438912v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The causal role of transcranial alternating current stimulation at alpha frequency in boosting visual perceptual learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438912v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extensive training improves our ability to perceive visual contents around us, a phenomenon known as visual perceptual learning (VPL). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms of VPL, while the neural oscillatory mechanisms underpinning VPL has yet to be elucidated. To this end, we adopted transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a neuromodulatory technique that can alter ongoing brain rhythms in a frequency-specific manner by applying external weak electric fields, to stimulate targeted cortical areas in human subjects while they performed an orientation discrimination learning task. Five groups of subjects undertook five daily training sessions to execute the task. Four groups received occipital tACS stimulation at 10 Hz (alpha band), 20 Hz (beta band), 40 Hz (gamma band), or sham 10 Hz (sham), and one group was stimulated at the sensorimotor regions by 10 Hz tACS. Compared with the sham stimulation, occipital tACS at 10 Hz, but not at 20 Hz or 40 Hz, increased both the learning rate and performance improvement. However, when 10 Hz tACS was delivered to the sensorimotor areas, the modulatory effects of tACS were absent, suggesting that tACS modulated the orientation discrimination learning in a frequency- and location-specific manner. Moreover, the tACS-induced enhancement lasted at least two months after the termination of training. Our findings provide strong evidence for the causal role of alpha oscillations in VPL and shed new light on the design of effective neuromodulation protocols that might facilitate rehabilitation for patients with neuro-ophthalmological disorders.

Significance StatementPerformance of visual tasks can be enhanced substantially by training, which is known as visual perceptual learning (VPL). However, little is known about the neural oscillatory mechanisms underlying VPL. To probe the causal link between a given oscillatory frequency band and VPL, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) was applied while subjects performed an orientation discrimination learning task. Our results revealed that tACS modulates VPL in a frequency- and location-specific manner. Specifically, only training coupled with 10 Hz tACS over the occipital cortex speeded up the learning process and amplified the performance gain. Our findings demonstrate the causal role of alpha oscillations in VPL, and provide insight into developing more effective and efficient remediation protocols for clinical applications, e.g., amblyopia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.438912</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The causal role of transcranial alternating current stimulation at alpha frequency in boosting visual perceptual learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438924v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies novel receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.08.438924v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been endangering worldwide public health and economy. SARS-CoV-2 infects a variety of tissues where the known receptor ACE2 is low or almost absent, suggesting the existence of alternative pathways for virus entry. Here, we performed a genome-wide barcoded-CRISPRa screen to identify novel host factors that enable SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to known host proteins, i.e. ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1, we identified multiple host components, among which LDLRAD3, TMEM30A and CLEC4G were confirmed as functional receptors for SARS-CoV-2. All these membrane proteins bind directly to spikes N-terminal domain (NTD). Their essential and physiological roles have all been confirmed in either neuron or liver cells. In particular, LDLRAD3 and CLEC4G mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection in a fashion independent of ACE2. The identification of the novel receptors and entry mechanisms could advance our understanding of the multiorgan tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and may shed light on the development of the therapeutic countermeasures against COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.08.438924</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies novel receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dual nature of metacommunity variability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.09.439168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is increasing interest in measuring ecological stability to understand how communities and ecosystems respond to broad-scale global changes. One of the most common approaches is to quantify the variation through time in community or ecosystem aggregate attributes (e.g., total biomass), referred to as aggregate variability. It is now widely recognized that aggregate variability represents only one aspect of communities and ecosystems, and compositional variability, the changes in the relative frequency of species in an assemblage, is equally important. Recent contributions have also begun to explore ecological stability at regional spatial scales, where interconnected local communities form metacommunities, a key concept in managing complex landscapes. However, the conceptual frameworks and measures of ecological stability in space have only focused on aggregate variability, leaving a conceptual gap. Here, we address this gap with a novel framework for quantifying the aggregate and compositional variability of communities and ecosystems through space and time. We demonstrate that the compositional variability of a metacommunity depends on the degree of spatial synchrony in compositional trajectories among local communities. We then provide a conceptual framework in which compositional variability of (i) the metacommunity through time and (ii) among local communities combine into four archetype scenarios: spatial stasis (low/low); spatial synchrony (high/low); spatial asynchrony (high/high) and spatial compensation (low/high). We illustrate this framework based on numerical examples and a case study of a macroalgal metacommunity in which low spatial synchrony reduced variability in aggregate biomass at the metacommunity scale, while masking high spatial synchrony in compositional trajectories among local communities. Finally, we discuss the role of dispersal, environmental heterogeneity, species interactions and suggest future avenues. We believe this framework will be helpful for considering both aspects of variability simultaneously which is important to better understand ecological stability in natural and complex landscapes in response to environmental changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lamy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wisnoski, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrade, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castorani, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compagnoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lany, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marazzi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Record, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tonkin, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voelker, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarnetske, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sokol, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.439168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dual nature of metacommunity variability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.439733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Chemical Labeling and Sequencing of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA at Single-Base Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.13.439733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the oxidative product of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) catalyzed by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, plays an important role in many biological processes as an epigenetic mediator. Prior studies have shown that 5hmC can be selectively labeled with chemically-modified glucose moieties and enriched using click chemistry with biotin affinity approaches. Besides, DNA deaminases of the AID/APOBEC family can discriminate modified 5hmC bases from cytosine (C)or 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Herein, we developed a method based on ESC whole-genome analysis which could enrich 5hmC-containing DNA by selective chemical labeling and locate 5hmC sites at single-base resolution with enzyme-based deamination. The combination experimental design is an extension of previous methods, and we hope that this cost-effective single base resolution 5hmC sequencing method could be used to promote the mechanism and diagnosis research of 5hmC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.439733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Chemical Labeling and Sequencing of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA at Single-Base Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced graphene oxide membrane as supporting film for high-resolution cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.15.439953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been applied extensively for elucidating many crucial biological mechanisms at the molecular level, this technique still faces critical challenges, the major one of which is to prepare the high-quality cryo-EM specimen. Aiming to achieve a more reproducible and efficient cryo-EM specimen preparation, novel supporting films including graphene-based two-dimensional materials have been explored in recent years. Here we report a robust and simple method to fabricate EM grids coated with single- or few-layer reduced graphene oxide (RGO) membrane in large batch for high-resolution cryo-EM structural determination. The RGO membrane has decreased interlayer space and enhanced electrical conductivity in comparison to regular graphene oxide (GO) membrane. Moreover, we found that the RGO supporting film exhibited nice particle-absorption ability, thus avoiding the air-water interface problem. More importantly, we found that the RGO supporting film is particularly useful in cryo-EM reconstruction of sub-100 kDa biomolecules at near-atomic resolution, as exemplified by the study of RBD-ACE2 complex and other small protein molecules. We envision that the RGO membranes can be used as a robust graphene-based supporting film in cryo-EM specimen preparation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.15.439953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced graphene oxide membrane as supporting film for high-resolution cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging the ultrastructures and dynamics of live erythrocyte membranes at the single-molecule level with a far-red probe on a microfluidic platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.22.441044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both the ultrastructures and dynamics of living erythrocyte membranes provide critical criteria for clinical diagnostics. However, it is challenging to simultaneously visualize these features at the single-molecule level due to the rigid photophysical requirements of different single-molecule imaging techniques. Herein, we rationally developed a far-red boron dipyrromethene membrane (BDP-Mem) probe that not only retained consistent and intensive single-molecule emission but also possessed the capability to photoswitch on cellular membranes. We also constructed a microfluidic platform for the noninvasive trapping and long-term imaging of nonadherent erythrocytes. By combining these advantageous technologies, super-resolution reconstruction and single-molecule tracking of living human RBC membranes were achieved at the molecular scale in a high-throughput fashion. Our integrated paradigm defines a quantitative approach for analyzing living RBC membranes under physiological and pathological conditions, improving imaging precisions and revealing new perspectives for future disease diagnostic approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.22.441044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging the ultrastructures and dynamics of live erythrocyte membranes at the single-molecule level with a far-red probe on a microfluidic platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Binding mechanism of neutralizing Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.23.441186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters human cells upon binding of its spike (S) glycoproteins to ACE2 receptors. Several nanobodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection by binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S protein, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, we identified an extended network of pairwise interactions between RBD and nanobodies H11-H4, H11-D4, and Ty1 by performing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Simulations of the nanobody-RBD-ACE2 complex revealed that H11-H4 more strongly binds to RBD without overlapping with ACE2 and triggers dissociation of ACE2 due to electrostatic repulsion. In comparison, Ty1 binding results in dissociation of ACE2 from RBD due to an overlap with the ACE2 binding site, whereas H11-D4 binding does not trigger ACE2 dissociation. Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V1 and 501.V2 variants resulted in a negligible effect on RBD-ACE2 binding. However, the 501.V2 variant weakened H11-H4 and H11-D4 binding while strengthening Ty1 binding to RBD. Our simulations indicate that all three nanobodies can neutralize 501Y.V1 while Ty1 is more effective against the 501.V2 variant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Golcuk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.23.441186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Binding mechanism of neutralizing Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward comprehensive functional analysis of gene lists weighted by gene essentiality scores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.26.441450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene functional enrichment analysis represents one of the most popular bioinformatics methods for annotating the pathways and function categories of a given gene list. Current algorithms for enrichment computation such as Fishers exact test and hypergeometric test totally depend on the category count numbers of the gene list and one gene set. In this case, whatever the genes are, they were treated equally. However, actually genes show different scores in their essentiality in a gene list and in a gene set. It is thus hypothesized that the essentiality scores could be important and should be considered in gene functional analysis. For this purpose, here we proposed WEAT (https://www.cuilab.cn/weat/), a weighted gene set enrichment algorithm and online tool by weighting genes using essentiality scores. We confirmed the usefulness of WEAT using two case studies, the functional analysis of one aging-related gene list and one gene list involved in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC). Finally, we believe that the WEAT method and tool could provide more possibilities for further exploring the functions of given gene lists.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.26.441450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward comprehensive functional analysis of gene lists weighted by gene essentiality scores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Taxus genome provides insights into paclitaxel biosynthesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.29.441981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ancient gymnosperm genus Taxus is the exclusive source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, yet no reference genome sequences are available for comprehensively elucidating the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. We have completed a chromosome-level genome of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with a total length of 10.23 Gb. Taxus shared an ancestral whole-genome duplication with the coniferophyte lineage and underwent distinct transposon evolution. We discovered a unique physical and functional grouping of CYP725As (cytochrome P450) in the Taxus genome for paclitaxel biosynthesis. We also identified a gene cluster in the taxadiene biosynthesis, which was mainly formed by gene duplications. This study will facilitate the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthesis and unleash the biotechnological potential of Taxus.

One Sentence SummaryA chromosome-level genome assembly of Taxus chinensis var. mairei uncovers its unique genome evolution process and genetic architectures for the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ro, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.29.441981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Taxus genome provides insights into paclitaxel biosynthesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.441974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tissue-level phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes in the UK Biobank 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.30.441974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPhenome-wide association studies conducted in electronic health record (EHR)-linked biobanks have uncovered a large number of genomic loci associated with traits and diseases. However, interpretation of the complex relationships of associated genes and phenotypes is challenging.

ResultsWe constructed a tissue-level phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes. First, we generated colocalized expression quantitative trait loci from 48 tissues of the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and from publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics from the UK Biobank. We identified 9,151 colocalized genes for 1,411 phenotypes across 48 tissues. Then, we constructed a bipartite network using the colocalized signals to establish links between genes and phenotypes in each tissue. The majority of links are observed in a single tissue whereas only a few are present in all tissues. Finally, we applied the biLouvain clustering algorithm in each tissue-specific bipartite network to identify co-clusters of non-overlapping genes and phenotypes. The majority of co-clusters contains a small number of genes and phenotypes, and 88.6% of co-clusters are found in only one tissue. To demonstrate functionality of the phenome-wide map, we tested if these co-clusters were enriched with known biological and functional gene classes and observed several significant enrichments. Furthermore, we observed that tissue-specific co-clusters are enriched with reported drug side effects for the corresponding drug target genes in clinical trial data.

ConclusionsThe phenome-wide map provides links between genes, phenotypes and tissues across a wide spectrum of biological classes and can yield biological and clinical discoveries. The phenome-wide map is publicly available at https://rstudio-connect.hpc.mssm.edu/biPheMap/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rocheleau, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bafna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobbyn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbanck, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.441974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tissue-level phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes in the UK Biobank]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of short-term plasticity in early olfactory information processing in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.02.442289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In Drosophila, olfactory information received by the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) is first processed by an incoherent feed forward neural circuit in the antennal lobe (AL) that consists of ORNs (input), the inhibitory local neurons (LNs), and projection neurons (PNs). This "early" olfactory information process has two important characteristics. First, response of a PN to its cognate ORN is normalized by the overall activity of other ORNs, a phenomenon termed "divisive normalization". Second, PNs respond strongly to the onset of ORN activities, but they adapt to prolonged or continuously increasing inputs. Despite the importance of these characteristics for learning and memory, their underlying mechanism remains not fully understood. Here, we develop a circuit model for describing the ORN-LN-PN dynamics by including key features of neuron-neuron interactions, in particular short-term plasticity (STP) and presynaptic inhibition (PI). Our model shows that STP is critical in shaping PNs steady-state response properties. By fitting our model to experimental data quantitatively, we found that strong and balanced short-term facilitation (STF) and short-term depression (STD) in STP is crucial for the observed nonlinear divisive normalization in Drosophila. By comparing our model with the observed adaptive response to time-varying signals quantitatively, we find that both STP and PI contribute to the highly adaptive response with the latter being the dominant factor for a better fit with experimental data. Our model not only helps reveal the mechanisms underlying two main characteristics of the early olfactory process, it can also be used to predict the PN responses to arbitrary time-dependent signals and to infer microscopic properties of the circuit (such as the strengths of STF and STD) from the measured input-output relation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.02.442289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of short-term plasticity in early olfactory information processing in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Immune landscape of solid pediatric tumors. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.04.442503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImmunotherapy is quickly coming to the forefront of cancer treatment; however, the implementation of immunotherapy in solid pediatric cancers, which classically display a low mutational load, is hindered by insufficient understanding of the determinants of cancer immune responsiveness in children. In order to better understand tumor-host interplay, we sought to characterize solid pediatric cancers based on immunological parameters using analytes extracted from gene expression data.

MethodsWe used RNAseq data from the publicly available TARGET studies for five pediatric solid tumor types (408 patients): Wilms tumor (WT), neuroblastoma (NBL), osteosarcoma (OS), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) and rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (RT). We assessed the performance of previously identified immune signatures like the Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), which captures an active Th1/cytotoxic response associated with favorable prognosis and responsiveness to immunotherapy. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and clustering, using more than 100 immune signatures to define immune subtypes in pediatric tumors and compared the overall survival across subtypes. The expression of immune checkpoints and enrichment of oncogenic pathways were also assessed across the immune subtypes.

ResultsThe five tumor types showed distinct ICR score distributions. A higher ICR score was associated with better survival in OS and NBL-HR-MYCN_NA, but with poorer survival in WT. The clustering of immune signatures revealed the same five principal modules observed in adult solid tumors: Wound Healing, TGF-B signaling, IFN-G signaling, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes. These modules clustered pediatric patients into six immune subtypes (S1-S6) with distinct survival outcomes. The S2 cluster showed the best overall survival and was characterized by low enrichment of the wound healing signature, high Th1, low Th2. Conversely, cluster S4 showed the worst survival and highest enrichment of wound healing signature, low Th1, and high Th2. Furthermore, the upregulation of the WNT/Beta-catenin pathway is associated with unfavorable outcomes and lack of T-cell infiltration in OS.

ConclusionsWe demonstrated that extracranial solid pediatric tumors could be classified according to their immune disposition, unveiling similarity with adults tumors. Immunological parameters might be explored to refine diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and to identify potential immune-responsive tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelands, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.04.442503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Immune landscape of solid pediatric tumors.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.09.443220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCON - A Short Conditional intrON for conditional knockout with one-step zygote injection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.09.443220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The generation of conditional alleles using CRISPR technology is still challenging. Here, we introduce a Short Conditional intrON (SCON, 189 bp) that enables rapid generation of conditional alleles via one-step zygote injection. SCON has conditional intronic function in various vertebrate species and its target insertion is as simple as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene tagging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szep-Bakonyi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colozza, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gert, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilat-Carotta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theussl, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.09.443220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCON - A Short Conditional intrON for conditional knockout with one-step zygote injection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-dose drug heat map based on organoid array chip for drug selection with high safety and efficacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.11.443550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An organoid array chip was developed by adopting a micropillar and microwell structure to test safety and efficacy of drugs using high dose drug heat map. In the chip, we encapsulated patient-derived cells in alginate and grow them to maturity for more than 7 days to form cancer organoids. When screening drug compounds in a high-density organoid array due to lack of number of patient-derived cells, changing media without damage of organoids is a very tedious and difficult process. Organoids grown in conventional well plates needed too many cells and were also easily damaged due to multiple pipetting during maintenance culture or during experimental procedures. To solve those problem, we applied a micropillar and microwell structure to the organoid array. We used patient-derived cells from patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal form of central nervous system cancer, to validate the array chip performance. After forming more than 100{micro}m-diameter organoids in 12 x 36 pillar array chip (25mm x 75mm), we tested 70 drug compounds (6 replicates) with high high-dose to find out high safety and efficacy drug candidates. Comparing the drug response of organoids derived from normal cells and cancer cells, we identified four compounds (Dacomitinib, Cediranib, Ly2835219, BGJ398) as drug candidates without toxicity to GBM cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tergaonkar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, P. K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.11.443550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-dose drug heat map based on organoid array chip for drug selection with high safety and efficacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell epigenomic tracing of lifelong endothelial cell plasticity across mouse organs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endothelial cells (ECs) across ages and tissues are highly heterogeneous in developmental origins, structures, functions, and cellular plasticity. Here, we applied CoBATCH for single-cell epigenomic tracing of dynamic EC lineage histories in five mouse organs from development to ageing. Our analyses showed that epigenomic memory reflects both developmental origins and tissue-restricted specialization of EC sublineages but with varying time lengths across organs. To gain insights into cellular plasticity of ECs, we identified bivalent chromatin occupancy of otherwise mutually exclusive EC- (ERG) and mesenchymal-specific (TWIST1/SNAI1) transcription factors promoting endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We further revealed that pseudotime trajectories by histone modifications H3K36me3 and H3K27ac faithfully recapitulate short- and long-range EC fate change over senescence, respectively. Together, our data provide a unique exploration of chromatin-level cell fate regulation of organotypic EC lineages across the lifespan.

One-Sentence SummarySingle-cell chromatin binding is examined for tracing endothelial cell lineages in mouse organs across the lifespan.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell epigenomic tracing of lifelong endothelial cell plasticity across mouse organs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks underlying Cellular state Transitions without Pseudo-time Inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.12.443928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nowadays the advanced technology for single-cell transcriptional profiling enables people to routinely generate thousands of single-cell expression data, in which data from different cell states or time points are derived from different samples. Without transferring such time-stamped cross-sectional data into pseudo-time series, we propose COSLIR (COvariance restricted Sparse LInear Regression) for directly reconstructing the gene regulatory networks (GRN) that drives the cell-state transition. The differential gene expression between adjacent cell states is modeled as a linear combination of gene expressions in the previous cell state, and the GRN is reconstructed through solving an optimization problem only based on the first and second moments of the sample distributions. We apply the bootstrap strategy as well as the clip threshold method to increase the precision and stability of the estimation. Simulations indicate the perfect accuracy of COSLIR in the oracle case as well as its good performance and stability in the sample case. We apply COSLIR separately to two cell lineages in a published single-cell qPCR dataset during mouse early embryo development. Nearly half of the inferred gene-gene interactions have already been experimentally reported and some of them were even discovered during the past decade after the dataset was published, indicating the power of COSLIR. Furthermore, COSLIR is also evaluated on several single-cell RNA-seq datasets, and the performance is comparable with other methods relying on the pseudo-time reconstruction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.12.443928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks underlying Cellular state Transitions without Pseudo-time Inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lung Epithelial Cells Can Produce Antibodies Participating In Adaptive Humoral Immune Responses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.443498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is generally believed that the main source of antibodies is B lymphocytes. In this study, our results first revealed that B cell-deficient mice could not produce antibodies specific for TI-Ags; however, mice with B cell deficiency could produce TD-Ag-specific antibodies, although antibody production was delayed compared with that in BALB/c mice after primary TD-Ag challenge. Subsequently, we identified that mouse lung epithelial cells could produce and secrete Ig, including IgM, IgA or IgG, which could display TD-Ag-specific antibody activity. Notably, the production of TD-Ag-specific antibodies by lung epithelial cells was found to be dependent on CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells. Our findings indicate for the first time that B cells are not the only source of TD-Ag-specific antibodies but are essential for rapid TD-Ag-specific antibody production by non-B cells. This discovery may reveal a new mechanism for the production of specific antibodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.13.443498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lung Epithelial Cells Can Produce Antibodies Participating In Adaptive Humoral Immune Responses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444239v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EPIKOL, a chromatin-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platform, to identify cancer-specific epigenetic vulnerabilities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.14.444239v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulation of the epigenome due to alterations in chromatin modifier proteins commonly contribute to malignant transformation. To discover new drug targets for more targeted and personalized therapies, functional interrogation of epigenetic modifiers is essential. We therefore generated an epigenome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out library (EPIKOL) that targets a wide-range of epigenetic modifiers and their cofactors. We conducted eight screens in two different cancer types and showed that EPIKOL performs with high efficiency in terms of sgRNA distribution, depletion of essential genes and steady behaviors of non-targeting sgRNAs. From this, we discovered novel epigenetic modifiers besides previously known ones that regulate triple-negative breast cancer and prostate cancer cell fitness. With further validation assays, we confirmed the growth-regulatory function of individual candidates, including SS18L2 and members of the NSL complex (KANSL2, KANSL3, KAT8) in triple negative breast cancer cells. Overall, we show that EPIKOL, a focused sgRNA library targeting approximately 800 genes, can reveal epigenetic modifiers that are essential for cancer cell fitness and serve as a tool to offer novel anti-cancer targets. With its thoroughly generated epigenome-wide gene list, and the relatively high number of sgRNAs per gene, EPIKOL offers a great advantage to study functional roles of epigenetic modifiers in a wide variety of research applications, such as screens on primary cells, patient-derived xenografts as well as in vivo models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yedier-Bayram, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokbayrak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavga, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kala, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karabiyik, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunsay, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uyulur, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.14.444239</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EPIKOL, a chromatin-focused CRISPR/Cas9-based screening platform, to identify cancer-specific epigenetic vulnerabilities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new type of ERGIC-ERES membrane contact mediated by TMED9 and SEC12 is required for autophagosome biogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.19.444771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Under stress, the endomembrane system undergoes reorganization to support autophagosome biogenesis, which is a central step in autophagy. How the endomembrane system remodels has been poorly understood. Here we identify a new type of membrane contact formed between the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the ER-exit site (ERES) in the ER-Golgi system, which is essential for promoting autophagosome biogenesis induced by different stress stimuli. The ERGIC-ERES contact is established by the interaction between TMED9 and SEC12 which generates a short distance opposition (as close as 2-5 nm) between the two compartments. The tight membrane contact allows the ERES-located SEC12 to transactivate COPII assembly on the ERGIC. In addition, a portion of SEC12 also relocates to the ERGIC. Through both mechanisms, the ERGIC-ERES contact promotes formation of the ERGIC-derived COPII vesicle, a membrane precursor of the autophagosome. The ERGIC-ERES contact is physically and functionally different from the TFG-mediated ERGIC-ERES adjunction involved in secretory protein transport, and therefore defines a unique endomembrane structure generated upon stress conditions for autophagic membrane formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.19.444771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new type of ERGIC-ERES membrane contact mediated by TMED9 and SEC12 is required for autophagosome biogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.444581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo direct imaging of neuronal activity at high temporo-spatial resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.21.444581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There has been a longstanding demand for noninvasive neuroimaging methods capable of detecting neuronal activity at both high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we propose a novel method that enables Direct Imaging of Neuronal Activity for functional MRI (termed DIANA-fMRI) that can dynamically image spiking activity in milliseconds precision, while retaining the original benefit of high spatial resolution of MRI. DIANA-fMRI was demonstrated through in vivo mice brain imaging at 9.4 T applying electrical whisker-pad stimulation, directly imaging the spiking activity as well as capturing its sequential propagation along the thalamocortical pathway, as further confirmed through in vivo spike recording and optogenetics. DIANA-fMRI will open up new avenues in brain science by providing a deeper understanding of the brains functional organization including neural networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toi, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwag, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.21.444581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo direct imaging of neuronal activity at high temporo-spatial resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modelling, Analysis, and Optimization of Three-Dimensional Restricted Visual Field Metric-Free Swarms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Models of collective behaviour have been proved helpful in revealing what mechanism may underlie characteristics of a flock of birds, a school of fish, and a swarm of herds. Recently, the metric-free model gradually occupies a dominant position in the research field of collective intelligence. Most of these models endow every single individual with the ability of a global visual field, which can offer each particle sufficient external information. In this paper, we mainly focus on whether the global visual field is necessary to form a consistent and cohesive group or not. Inspired by the biological characteristic of starlings, we develop a three-dimensional restricted visual field metric-free(RVFMF) model based on Pearce and Turners previous work. We further investigate several vital factors governing the convergent consistency of the RVFMF model with the assistance of extensive numerical simulations. According to the simulation results, we conclude that the best view angle of each particle in a swarm increases with the expansion of the population size. Besides, the best view angle gradually becomes stable around 155 degrees when the population size is larger than 1000. We also offer quantitative analysis data to prove that a flock of birds could obtain better consistency under optimal restricted visual field than under global visual field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modelling, Analysis, and Optimization of Three-Dimensional Restricted Visual Field Metric-Free Swarms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.24.445520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidence is patchy, and for emergent issues where synthesising available evidence is an urgent challenge. Yet such contribution of non-English-language science to scientific communities and the application of science is rarely quantified. Here we show that non-English-language studies provide crucial evidence for informing global biodiversity conservation. By screening 419,680 peer-reviewed papers in 16 languages, we identified 1,234 non-English-language studies providing evidence on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions, compared to 4,412 English-language studies identified with the same criteria. Relevant non-English-language studies are being published at an increasing rate, and can expand the geographical (by 12-25%) and taxonomic (by 5-32%) coverage of English-language evidence, especially in biodiverse regions, albeit often based on less robust study designs. Our results show that synthesising non-English-language studies is key to overcoming the widespread lack of local, context-dependent evidence and facilitating evidence-based conservation globally. We urge wider disciplines to rigorously reassess the untapped potential of non-English-language science in informing decisions to address other global challenges.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amano, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berdejo Espinola, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christie, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willott, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akasaka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berthinussen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertolino, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bladon, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bou Dagher Kharrat, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Oliveira, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golivets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hidalgo Aranzamendi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jantke, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kajzer-Bonk, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemahli Aytekin, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khorozyan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kito, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konno, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Littlewood, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loretto, M.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marconi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, W. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Narvaez-Gomez, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Negret, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nourani, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochoa Quintero, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ockendon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrovan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piovezan-Borges, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollet, I. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramos, D. L</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.24.445520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF complexes safeguard cell identity and prevent reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.445940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic reprogramming requires extensive remodeling of chromatin landscapes to silence cell-type specific gene expression programs. ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are important regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression; however, the role of Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9) and the associated ncBAF (non-canonical BRG1-associated factors) complex in reprogramming remains unknown. Here, we show that genetic suppression of BRD9 as well as ncBAF complex subunit GLTSCR1, but not the closely related BRD7, increase the efficiency by which induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from human somatic cells. Chemical inhibition and acute degradation of BRD9 phenocopied this effect. Interestingly, we find that BRD9 is dispensable for establishment and maintenance of human pluripotency but required for mesendodermal lineage commitment during differentiation. Mechanistically, BRD9 inhibition downregulates somatic cell type-specific genes and decreases chromatin accessibility at somatic enhancers. Collectively, these results establish BRD9 as an important safeguarding factor for somatic cell identity whose inhibition lowers chromatin-based barriers to reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sevinc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gürhan Sevinc, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavga, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelekci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayar, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabacı, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunford, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sigua, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppermann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Önder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.445940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BRD9-containing non-canonical BAF complexes safeguard cell identity and prevent reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.446071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A homing suppression gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs maintains high drive conversion efficiency and avoids functional resistance alleles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.27.446071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drives are engineered alleles that can bias inheritance in their favor, allowing them to spread throughout a population. They could potentially be used to modify or suppress pest populations, such as mosquitoes that spread diseases. CRISPR/Cas9 homing drives, which copy themselves by homology-directed repair in drive/wild-type heterozygotes, are a powerful form of gene drive, but they are vulnerable to resistance alleles that preserve the function of their target gene. Such resistance alleles can prevent successful population suppression. Here, we constructed a homing suppression drive in Drosophila melanogaster that utilized multiplexed gRNAs to inhibit the formation of functional resistance alleles in its female fertility target gene. The selected gRNA target sites were close together, preventing reduction in drive conversion efficiency. The construct reached a moderate equilibrium frequency in cage populations without apparent formation of resistance alleles. However, a moderate fitness cost prevented elimination of the cage population, showing the importance of using highly efficient drives in a suppression strategy, even if resistance can be addressed. Nevertheless, our results experimentally demonstrate the viability of the multiplexed gRNAs strategy in homing suppression gene drives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzloff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Langmüller, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.27.446071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A homing suppression gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs maintains high drive conversion efficiency and avoids functional resistance alleles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Implicit adaptation to mirror-reversal is in the correct coordinate system but the wrong direction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.28.446174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks is the result of both explicit and implicit processes. Explicit processes, operationalized as re-aiming an intended movement to a new goal, account for the lions share of learning while implicit processes, operationalized as error-dependent learning that gives rise to aftereffects, appear to be highly constrained. The limitations of implicit learning are highlighted in the mirror-reversal task, where implicit corrections act in opposition to performance. This is surprising given the mirror-reversal task has been viewed as emblematic of implicit learning. One potential confound of these studies is that both explicit and implicit processes were allowed to operate concurrently, which may interact, potentially in opposition. Therefore, we sought to further characterized implicit learning in a mirror-reversal task with a clamp design to isolate implicit learning from explicit strategies. We confirmed that implicit adaptation is in the wrong direction for mirror-reversal and operates as if the perturbation were a rotation, and only showed a moderate attenuation after three days of training. This result raised the question of whether implicit adaptation blindly operates as though perturbations were a rotation. In a separate experiment, which directly compared a mirror-reversal and a rotation, we found that implicit adaptation operates in a proper coordinate system for different perturbations: adaptation to a mirror-reversal and rotational perturbation is more consistent with Cartesian and polar coordinate systems, respectively. It remains an open question why implicit process would be flexible to the coordinate system of a perturbation but continue to be directed inappropriately.

Public Significance StatementPatients with severe amnesia can improve their performance from day to day in mirror-reversal tasks. These findings led, in part, to the codification of explicit and implicit processes in classic theories regarding the taxonomy of memory systems, with motor learning resting firmly in the branch of implicit memory. However, recent evidence has shown that explicit processes also play an important role in motor learning. Whats more, these studies have found that implicit learning doesnt operate in a useful way in the mirror-reversal task. In the present study, we further examine this puzzling behavior of implicit learning in a mirror-reversal task using a design that can isolate implicit processes from explicit strategies. We clearly showed that the implicit system adapts in the wrong direction for a mirror-reversal, acting as if the perturbation were a rotation. Surprisingly, however, we found that although adaptation is in the wrong direction, the implicit system is sensitive to a particular coordinate system. These findings further challenge the flexibility of this implicit adaptation process in motor learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.28.446174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Implicit adaptation to mirror-reversal is in the correct coordinate system but the wrong direction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
U-RISC: An Ultra-high Resolution EM Dataset Challenging Existing Deep Learning Algorithms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.30.446334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Connectomics is a developing field aiming at reconstructing the connection of the neural system at nanometer scale. Computer vision technology, especially deep learning methods used in image processing, has promoted connectomic data analysis to a new era. However, the performance of the state-of-the-art methods still falls behind the demand of scientific research. Inspired by the success of ImageNet, we present the U-RISC, an annotated Ultra-high Resolution Image Segmentation dataset for Cell membrane, which is the largest cell membrane annotated Electron Microscopy (EM) dataset with a resolution of 2.18nm/pixel. Multiple iterative annotations ensured the quality of the dataset. Through an open competition, we reveal that the performance of current deep learning methods still has a considerable gap with human-level, different from ISBI 2012, on which the performance of deep learning is close to human. To explore the causes of this discrepancy, we analyze the neural networks with a visualization method, attribution analysis. We find that in U-RISC, it requires a larger area around a pixel to predict whether the pixel belongs to the cell membrane or not. Finally, we integrate currently available methods to provide a new benchmark (0.67, 10% higher than the leader of competition, 0.61) for cell membrane segmentation on U-RISC and propose some suggestions in developing deep learning algorithms. The U-RISC dataset and the deep learning codes used in this paper will be publicly available.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.30.446334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[U-RISC: An Ultra-high Resolution EM Dataset Challenging Existing Deep Learning Algorithms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serial Dependence in Temporal Perception Reveals the Dynamics of Constructing an Internal Reference Frame 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.31.446431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal perception is crucial to cognitive functions. To better estimate temporal durations, the observers need to construct an internal reference frame based on past experience and apply it to guide future perception. However, how this internal reference frame is constructed remains largely unclear. Here we showed the dynamics of the internal reference construction from the perspective of serial dependence in temporal reproduction tasks. We found the current duration estimation is biased towards both perceived and reproduced durations in previous trials. Moreover, this effect is regulated by the variability of sample durations. The influence of previous trials was stronger when the observers were exposed to context with more variable durations, which is inconsistent with previous theories that the similarity between successive stimuli induces serial dependence. We proposed a Bayesian model with an adaptive reference updated continuously after each observation, which can better explain the serial dependence observed in temporal perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poeppel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.05.31.446431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serial Dependence in Temporal Perception Reveals the Dynamics of Constructing an Internal Reference Frame]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronic opioid treatment arrests neurodevelopment and alters synaptic activity in human midbrain organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.446827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The impact of long-term opioid exposure on the embryonic brain is crucial to healthcare due to the surging number of pregnant mothers with an opioid dependency. Current studies on the neuronal effects are limited due to human brain inaccessibility and cross-species differences among animal models. Here, we report a model to assess cell-type specific responses to acute and chronic fentanyl treatment, as well as fentanyl withdrawal, using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived midbrain organoids. Single cell mRNA sequencing (25,510 single cells in total) results suggest that chronic fentanyl treatment arrests neuronal subtype specification during early midbrain development and alters the pathways associated with synaptic activities and neuron projection. Acute fentanyl treatment, however, increases dopamine release but does not induce significant changes in gene expressions of cell lineage development. To date, our study is the first unbiased examination of midbrain transcriptomics with synthetic opioid treatment at the single cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finlayson, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosharov, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leong, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.446827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronic opioid treatment arrests neurodevelopment and alters synaptic activity in human midbrain organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Copper Responsive Transcription Factor SPL7 Represses Key Abscisic Acid Biosynthetic Genes to Balance Growth and Drought Tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plants adapt to adverse environments by turning on defense against abiotic stresses, which is mainly orchestrated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). But how ABA homeostasis is modulated to balance growth and stress responses is still largely unknown. Here we report that prior treatment of Arabidopsis seedling with high copper retardates growth but enhances draught tolerance at later stages by modulating ABA accumulation. Subsequent genetic, physiological, transcriptomic, and molecular investigations revealed that the copper responsive transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 7 (SPL7) is a strong regulator of ABA accumulation. We showed that SPL7 is destabilized by high copper and consistently suppresses genes encoding three key oxygenases in the ABA biosynthetic pathway of land plants via binding to the GTAC copper response motifs in their promoters. These results revealed a new mechanism whereby copper availability, inversely reflected by SPL7 abundance, modulates de novo ABA biosynthesis to balance growth and drought tolerance.

One-sentence summaryHigh copper availability represses SPL7, releasing its suppression on key ABA biosynthetic genes and leading to increased ABA accumulation that inhibits growth but enhances drought tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Copper Responsive Transcription Factor SPL7 Represses Key Abscisic Acid Biosynthetic Genes to Balance Growth and Drought Tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a motif in Trm732 required for 2'-O-methylation of the tRNA anticodon loop by Trm7 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.446962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Posttranscriptional tRNA modifications are essential for proper gene expression, and defects in the enzymes that perform tRNA modifications are associated with numerous human disorders. Throughout eukaryotes, 2-O-methylation of residues 32 and 34 of the anticodon loop of tRNA is important for proper translation, and in humans, lack of these modifications results in non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. In yeast, the methyltransferase Trm7 forms a complex with Trm732 to 2-O-methylate tRNA residue 32 and with Trm734 to 2-O-methylate tRNA residue 34. Trm732 and Trm734 are required for the methylation activity of Trm7, but the role of these auxiliary proteins is not clear. Additionally, Trm732 and Trm734 homologs are implicated in biological processes not directly related to translation, suggesting that these proteins may have additional cellular functions. To identify critical amino acids in Trm732, we generated variants and tested their ability to function in yeast cells. We identified a conserved RRSAGLP motif in the conserved DUF2428 domain of Trm732 that is required for tRNA modification activity by both yeast Trm732 and its human homolog THADA. The identification of Trm732 variants that lack tRNA modification activity will help to determine if other biological functions ascribed to Trm732 and THADA are directly due to tRNA modification, or to secondary effects due to other functions of these proteins.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Funk, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiVita, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sizemore, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehrle, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiner, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phizicky, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guy, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.446962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a motif in Trm732 required for 2'-O-methylation of the tRNA anticodon loop by Trm7]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.447013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRPC3 and NALCN channels drive pacemaking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.03.447013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are slow pacemakers that maintain extracellular DA levels. During the interspike intervals, subthreshold slow depolarization underlies autonomous pacemaking and determines its rate. However, the ion channels that determine slow depolarization are unknown. Here we show that TRPC3 and NALCN channels together form sustained inward currents responsible for the slow depolarization of nigral DA neurons. Specific TRPC3 channel blockade completely blocked DA neuron pacemaking, but the pacemaking activity in TRPC3 knock-out (KO) mice was perfectly normal, suggesting the presence of compensating ion channels. Blocking NALCN channels abolished pacemaking in both TRPC3 KO and wild-type mice. The NALCN current and mRNA and protein expression are increased in TRPC3 KO mice, indicating that NALCN compensates for TRPC3 currents. In normal conditions, TRPC3 and NALCN contribute equally to slow depolarization. Therefore, we conclude that TRPC3 and NALCN are two major leak channels that drive robust pacemaking in nigral DA neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Um, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birnbaumer, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.03.447013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRPC3 and NALCN channels drive pacemaking in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Limits and potential of combined folding and docking using PconsDock. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.04.446442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the last decade, de novo protein structure prediction accuracy for individual proteins has improved significantly by utilising deep learning (DL) methods for harvesting the co-evolution information from large multiple sequence alignments (MSA). In CASP14, the best groups predicted the structure of most proteins with impressive accuracy. The same approach can, in principle, also be used to extract information about evolutionary-based contacts across protein-protein interfaces. However, most of the earlier studies have not used the latest DL methods for inter-chain contact distance prediction. This paper introduces a fold-and-dock method, PconsDock, based on predicted residue-residue distances with trRosetta. PconsDock can simultaneously predict the tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein pair, even when the structures of the monomers are not known. The straightforward application of this method to a standard dataset for protein-protein docking yielded limited success. However, using alternative methods for MSA generating allowed us to dock accurately significantly more proteins. We also introduced a novel scoring function, PconsDock, that accurately separates 98% of correctly and incorrectly folded and docked proteins. The average performance of the method is comparable to the use of traditional, template-based or ab initio shape-complementarity-only docking methods. However, no a priori structural information for the individual proteins is needed. Moreover, the results of conventional and fold-and-dock approaches are complementary, and thus a combined docking pipeline could increase overall docking success significantly. PconsDocck contributed to the best model for one of the CASP14 oligomeric targets, H1065.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pozzati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassot, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.04.446442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Limits and potential of combined folding and docking using PconsDock.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-to-cell variability in inducible Caspase9-mediated cell death 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.08.447627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
iCasp9 suicide gene has been widely used as a promising killing strategy in various cell therapies. However, different cells show significant heterogeneity in response to apoptosis inducer, posing challenges in clinical applications of killing strategy. The cause of the heterogeneity remains elusive so far. Here, by simultaneously monitoring the dynamics of iCasp9 dimerization, Caspase3 activation and cell fate in single cells, we found that the heterogeneity was mainly due to cell-to-cell variability in initial iCasp9 expression and XIAP/Caspase3 ratio. Moreover, multiple-round drugging cannot increase the killing efficiency. Instead, it will place selective pressure on protein levels, especially on the level of initial iCasp9, leading to drug resistance. We further show this resistance can be largely eliminated by combinatorial drugging with XIAP inhibitor at the end, but not at the beginning, of the multiple-round treatments. Our results unveil the source of cell fate heterogeneity and drug resistance in iCasp9-mediated cell death, which may enlighten better therapeutic strategies for optimized killing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.08.447627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-to-cell variability in inducible Caspase9-mediated cell death]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ghrelin proteolysis by insulin-degrading enzyme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.10.447714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we report proteolysis of synthetic acylated human ghrelin by recombinant human insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). Kinetic parameters and sites of proteolytic cleavage were evaluated. Ghrelin proteolysis by IDE was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), a metal chelating agent. Ghrelin proteolysis appears at least somewhat specific to M16 family proteases such as IDE, as the M13 protease neprilysin (NEP) did not exhibit ghrelin proteolysis in this study. A quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate comprising the primary sites of IDE-mediated ghrelin proteolysis (Mca-QRVQQRKESKK(Dnp)-OH; Mca: 7-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid; Dnp: 2,4-dinitrophenyl) was developed and used to evaluate enzyme specificity and kinetic parameters of proteolysis. Like acyl ghrelin, Mca-QRVQQRKESKK(Dnp)-OH was efficiently cleaved by IDE central to the target sequence. We anticipate that this quenched fluorogenic peptide substrate will be of value to future studies of ghrelin proteolysis by IDE and potentially other peptidases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bocach, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lazo, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith-Carpenter, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alper, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.10.447714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ghrelin proteolysis by insulin-degrading enzyme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448318v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel and accurate full-length HTT mouse model for Huntington's disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.14.448318v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we report the generation and characterization of a novel Huntingtons disease (HD) mouse model BAC226Q by using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, expressing full-length human HTT with [~]226 CAG-CAA repeats and containing endogenous human HTT promoter and regulatory elements. BAC226Q recapitulated a full-spectrum of age-dependent and progressive HD-like phenotypes without unwanted and erroneous phenotypes. BAC226Q mice developed normally, and gradually exhibited HD-like mood and cognitive phenotypes at 2 months. From 3-4 months, BAC226Q mice showed robust progressive motor deficits. At 11 months, BAC226Q mice showed significant reduced life span, gradual weight loss and exhibit neuropathology including significant brain atrophy specific to striatum and cortex, striatal neuronal death, widespread huntingtin inclusions and reactive pathology. Therefore, the novel BAC226Q mouse accurately recapitulating robust, age-dependent, progressive HD-like phenotypes will be a valuable tool for studying disease mechanisms, identifying biomarkers and testing gene-targeting therapeutic approaches for HD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mori, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.14.448318</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel and accurate full-length HTT mouse model for Huntington's disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine enhanced auditory perceptual learning in humans via long-term memory consolidation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.16.448678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine is known to modulate sensory plasticity in animal brain, but how it impacts perceptual learning in humans remains largely unknown. In a placebo-controlled, double-blinded training experiment with young healthy adults (both male and female), oral administration of Madopar, a dopamine precursor, during each of multiple training sessions was shown to enhance auditory perceptual learning, particularly in late training sessions. Madopar also enhanced learning and transfer to working memory when tested outside the time widow of drug effect, which appeared to retain for at least 20 days. To test whether such learning modulation was mediated by the dopaminergic working memory network, the same dopamine manipulation was applied to working memory training, but to little influence on learning or transfer. Further, a neural network model of auditory perceptual learning revealed distinctive behavioural modulation patterns for proposed dopaminergic functions in the auditory cortex: trial-by-trial reinforcement signals (reward/reward prediction error and expected reward) and across-session memory consolidation. Only the memory consolidation simulations matched experimental observations. The results thus demonstrate that dopamine modulates human perceptual learning, mostly likely via enhancing memory consolidation over extended time scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, D.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.448678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine enhanced auditory perceptual learning in humans via long-term memory consolidation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.449192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic evaluation of genome-wide metabolic landscapes in lactic acid bacteria reveals diet-induced and strain-specific probiotic idiosyncrasies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.20.449192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) naturally occur in animal and plant niches and are well-known to elicit several health benefits in humans. Yet, how they adapt their functional metabolic landscapes to diverse nutrient environments and synthesize relevant bioactive compounds remain unexplored across genera, species and strains. Hence, presented herein is a systematic framework for comprehensively characterizing the genome-wide metabolisms of six representative LAB by combining multi-omics data with in silico modeling. We analyse the differences in their growth and cellular fitness, biosynthetic capability of health-relevant compounds, i.e., postbiotics, and probable interactions with 15 common gut microbiota under 11 virtual dietary regimes, and show such attributes are diet- and species-specific. Particularly, some LAB exhibit a desirable balance between synthesis of beneficial postbiotic compounds, positive interactions with beneficial gut commensals, and the ability to colonize and persist in gut environment. We also observe that "high fat-low carb" diets likely lead to detrimental outcomes in most LAB. Our results clearly highlight that probiotics are not "one size fits all" commodities and need to be formulated in a personalised manner for their use as dietary supplements and live biotherapeutics. Overall, the proposed framework will systematize the probiotic administration and could also widen the strain repertoire.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koduru, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ow, D. S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.20.449192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic evaluation of genome-wide metabolic landscapes in lactic acid bacteria reveals diet-induced and strain-specific probiotic idiosyncrasies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective role of the Atg8 1 homologue Gabarapl1 in regulating cardiomyocyte glycophagy in diabetic heart disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.21.449174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic heart disease is highly prevalent and characterized by diastolic dysfunction. The mechanisms of diabetic heart disease are poorly understood and no targeted therapies are available. Here we show that the diabetic myocardium (type 1 and type 2) is characterized by marked glycogen elevation and ectopic cellular localization - a paradoxical metabolic pathology given suppressed cardiomyocyte glucose uptake in diabetes. We demonstrate involvement of a glycogen-selective autophagy pathway ( glycophagy) defect in mediating this pathology. Genetically manipulated deficiency of Gabarapl1, an Atg8 autophagy homologue, induces cardiac glycogen accumulation and diastolic dysfunction. Stbd1, the Gabarapl1 cognate autophagosome partner is identified as a unique component of the early glycoproteome response to hyperglycemia in cardiac, but not skeletal muscle. Cardiac-targeted in vivo Gabarapl1 gene delivery normalizes glycogen levels, diastolic function and cardiomyocyte mechanics. These findings reveal that cardiac glycophagy is a key metabolic homeostatic process perturbed in diabetes that can be remediated by Gabarapl1 intervention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mellor, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutsifeli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curl, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasochi, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raaijmakers, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annandale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nursalim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ip, W. T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raedschelders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stotland, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamberts, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katare, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandramouli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ritchie, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porrello, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, R.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eyk, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottlieb, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delbridge, L. M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.21.449174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective role of the Atg8 1 homologue Gabarapl1 in regulating cardiomyocyte glycophagy in diabetic heart disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The impact of mutation L138F/L210F on the Orai channel: a molecular dynamics simulation study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, composed of the Orai channel and the STIM protein, plays a crucial role in maintaining the Ca2+ concentration in cells. Previous studies showed that the L138F mutation in the human Orai1 creates a constitutively open channel independent of STIM, causing severe myopathy, but how the L138F mutation activates Orai1 is still unclear. Here, based on the crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster Orai (dOrai), molecular dynamics simulations for the wild-type (WT) and the L210F (corresponding to L138F in the human Orai1) mutant were conducted to investigate their structural and dynamical properties. The results showed that the L210F dOrai mutant tends to have a more hydrated hydrophobic region (V174 to F171), as well as more dilated basic region (K163 to R155) and selectivity filter (E178). Sodium ions were located deeper in the mutant than in the WT. Further analysis revealed two local but essential conformational changes that may be the key to the activation. A rotation of F210, a previously undescribed feature, was found to result in the opening of the K163 gate through hydrophobic interactions. At the same time, a counter-clockwise rotation of F171 occurred more frequently in the mutant, resulting in a wider hydrophobic gate with more hydration. Ultimately, the opening of the two gates may facilitate the opening of the Orai channel independent of STIM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The impact of mutation L138F/L210F on the Orai channel: a molecular dynamics simulation study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering protein TMEM24 is a regulator of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.23.449694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - plasma membrane (PM) contacts are sites of lipid exchange and Ca2+ transport, and both lipid transport proteins and Ca2+ channels specifically accumulate at these locations. In pancreatic {beta}-cells, both lipid- and Ca2+ signaling are essential for insulin secretion. The recently characterized lipid transfer protein TMEM24 dynamically localize to ER-PM contact sites and provide phosphatidylinositol, a precursor of PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2, to the plasma membrane. {beta}-cells lacking TMEM24 exhibit markedly suppressed glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillations and insulin secretion but the underlying mechanism is not known. We now show that TMEM24 only weakly interact with the PM, and dissociates in response to both diacylglycerol and nanomolar elevations of cytosolic Ca2+. Release of TMEM24 into the bulk ER membrane also enables direct interactions with mitochondria, and we report that loss of TMEM24 results in excessive accumulation of Ca2+ in both the ER and mitochondria and in impaired mitochondria function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panagiotou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergsten, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idevall-Hagren, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.23.449694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering protein TMEM24 is a regulator of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449709v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Yeast cells under glucose-limitation environment need increased response cost for osmostress defense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449709v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells always make responses to environmental changes, involving dynamic expression of tens to hundreds of proteins. This response system may demand substantial cost and thus affect cell growth. Here, we studied the cells responses to osmostress under glucose-limitation environments. Through analyzed thirteen osmotic-downstream proteins and two related transcription factors, we found that the cells required stronger responses under low glucose concentrations than normal glucose condition after being stimulated by osmostress, even the cell growth rate was unchanged in these two constant conditions. We proposed and verified that under a glucose-limitation environment, the glycolysis intermediates were limited (defense reserve saving), which caused that cells needed more glycerol production enzymes to adapt to the osmostress. Further experiments proved that this  defense reserve-saving strategy required cells to spend more response cost when facing stress, which on the other hand, enhanced the fitness for the coming environment variations via protein accumulation reserve.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449709</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Yeast cells under glucose-limitation environment need increased response cost for osmostress defense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation increase bacterial fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.24.449778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Liquid-liquid phase separation is emerging as a crucial phenomenon in several fundamental cell processes. A range of eukaryotic systems exhibit liquid condensates. However, their function in bacteria, which in general lack membrane-bound compartments, remains less clear. Here, we used high-resolution optical microscopy to observe single bacterial aggresomes, nanostructured intracellular assemblies of proteins, to undercover their role in cell stress. We find that proteins inside aggresomes are mobile and undergo dynamic turnover, consistent with a liquid state. Our observations are in quantitative agreement with phase-separated liquid droplet formation driven by interacting proteins under thermal equilibrium that nucleate following diffusive collisions in the cytoplasm. We have discovered aggresomes in multiple species of bacteria, and show that these emergent, metastable liquid-structured protein assemblies increase bacterial fitness by enabling cells to tolerate environmental stresses.

One Sentence SummaryBacteria use subcellular proteinaceous liquid droplets to survive stress
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wollman, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payne-Dwyer, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.24.449778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Membraneless organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation increase bacterial fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling adsorption, conformation, and orientation of the Fis1 tail anchor at the mitochondrial outer membrane 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.29.450436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins can be targeted to organellar membranes using a tail anchor (TA), a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids found at the polypeptide carboxyl-terminus. The Fis1 protein (Fis1p), which promotes mitochondrial and peroxisomal division in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is targeted to those organelles by its TA. Substantial evidence suggests that Fis1p insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane can occur without the need for a translocation machinery. However, recent findings raise the possibility that Fis1p insertion into mitochondria might be promoted by a proteinaceous complex. Here, we have performed atomistic and coarse-grained simulations to analyze the adsorption, conformation and orientation of the Fis1(TA). Our results support stable insertion at the mitochondrial outer membrane in a monotopic, rather than a bitopic (transmembrane), configuration. Once inserted in the monotopic orientation, unassisted transition to the bitopic orientation is expected to be blocked by the highly charged nature of the TA carboxyl-terminus and by the Fis1p cytosolic domain. Our results are consistent with a model in which Fis1p does not require a translocation machinery for insertion at mitochondria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozgur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.06.29.450436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling adsorption, conformation, and orientation of the Fis1 tail anchor at the mitochondrial outer membrane]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) in Gladiolus xhybridus, G. dalenii 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.02.450944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gladiolus is a geophytic floricultural crop, cultivated for cut flower and garden ornamental uses. Ornamental geophytes such as gladiolus, lily, tulip and daffodil are examples of floral crops that are currently being investigated to understand the flowering pathway. While the environmental and hormonal factors leading to flowering are established in Arabidopsis. However, the lack of genetic regulation is poorly understood. Thus, the importance of such an ornamental crop that relies on flowers (flowering) for economic purposes encourages researchers to discover the flowering genes to breed vigorous flowering cultivars. The understanding of the flowering mechanisms in the flowering pathway is also paramount. Herein we show the discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) genes in Gladiolus xhybridus and G. dalenii. The UFC gene is adjacent to FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) which is a floral repressor in many temperate species. FLX gene upregulates FRIGIDA (FRI) which upregulates FLC expression. The discovery of both genes is a step forward in finding the FLC gene in gladiolus, provided they are linked. Seventeen gladiolus genotypes, consisting of early flowering and commercial cultivars, have the UFC gene, consisting of four exons in two allelic forms. The UFC gene sequenced when translated into amino acid sequence and set in pair-alignment to other species, has up to 57% in amino acid identity to Musa acuminata. The UFC protein ranges in identity with pair-alignment to other species, reaching up to 57% in amino acid identity to Musa acuminata. The FLX gene in gladiolus has 3/5 (60%) exons in relative to Ananas comosus, i.e. lacking 2 exons and a partially complete gene sequence; the pair-alignment of the three exons shows up over all ~65% identity of FLX to Ananas comosus. The UFC protein consists of a conserved domain, DUF966, which is higher in identity and pair-alignment, with up to 86% identity in Elaeis guineensis. The discovered FLX gene in gladiolus has 3/5 (60%) exons, i.e. lacking 2 exons and a partially complete gene sequence; the pair-alignment of the 3 exons shows up to ~65% of identity of FLX to Ananas comosus. These discovered two genes in gladiolus provide insight to further our understanding of the flowering and vernalization response in ornamental geophytes.

Summary StatementTwo gladiolus flowering genes (UFC; FLX) were discovered which will aid research in understanding flowering and vernalization in geophytes
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aljaser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, N. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noyszewski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.02.450944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of UPSTREAM OF FLOWERING LOCUS C (UFC) and FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR (FLX) in Gladiolus xhybridus, G. dalenii]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
circFL-seq reveals full-length circular RNAs with rolling circular reverse transcription and nanopore sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.05.451107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act through multiple mechanisms with their sequence features to fine-tune gene expression networks. Due to overlapping sequences with linear cognates, identifying internal sequences of circRNAs remains a great challenge, which hinders comprehensive understanding of circRNA functions and mechanisms. Here, based on rolling circular reverse transcription (RCRT) and nanopore sequencing, we developed circFL-seq, a full-length circRNA sequencing method, to profile circRNA at the isoform level. With a customized computational pipeline circfull to directly identify full-length sequences from rolling circular reads, we reconstructed 77,606 high-quality circRNAs from seven human cell lines and two human tissues. Benefiting from rolling circles and long-read sequencing, circFL-seq showed more than tenfold enrichment of circRNA reads and advantages for both detection and quantification at the isoform level compared to short-read RNA sequencing. The concordance of RT-qPCR and circFL-seq results for the identification of differential alternative splicing suggested wide application prospects for functional studies of internal variants in circRNAs. Moreover, the detection of cancer-related fusion circRNAs at the omics scale may further expand the application of circFL-seq. Together, the accurate identification and quantification of full-length circRNAs make circFL-seq a potential tool for large-scale screening of functional circRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.05.451107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[circFL-seq reveals full-length circular RNAs with rolling circular reverse transcription and nanopore sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451280v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphorylation of STIM1 at ERK/CDK sites is dispensable for cell migration and ER partitioning in mitosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451280v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx required for multiple physiological functions including cell motility. SOCE is activated in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores following the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor STIM1 which recruits the plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+ channel Orai1 at ER-PM junctions to induce Ca2+ influx. STIM1 is phosphorylated dynamically and this phosphorylation has been implicated in several processes including SOCE inactivation during M-phase, maximal SOCE activation, ER segregation during mitosis, and cell migration. Human STIM1 has 10 Ser/Thr residues in its cytosolic domain that match the ERK/CDK consensus phosphorylation. We recently generated a mouse knock-in line where wild-type STIM1 was replaced by a non-phosphorylatable STIM1 with all 10 S/T mutated to Ala (STIM1-10A). Here, we generate mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) the STIM1-10A mouse line and a control MEF line (WT) that express wild-type STIM1 from a congenic mouse strain. These lines offer a unique model to address the role of STIM1 phosphorylation at endogenous expression and modulation levels in contrast to previous studies that relied mostly on overexpression. We show that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK/CDK sites is not required for SOCE activation, cell migration, or ER partitioning during mitosis. These results rule out STIM1 phosphorylation as a regulator of SOCE, migration and ER distribution in mitosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hammad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botheju, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmi, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcantara-Adap, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Machaca, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451280</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphorylation of STIM1 at ERK/CDK sites is dispensable for cell migration and ER partitioning in mitosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SAFA facilitates chromatin opening of immune genes through interacting with nascent antiviral RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of chromatin accessibility determines the transcription activities of genes, which endow the host with function-specific gene expression patterns. It remains unclear how chromatin accessibility is specifically directed, particularly, during host defense against viral infection. We previously reported that the nuclear matrix protein SAFA surveils viral RNA and regulates antiviral immune genes expression. However, how SAFA regulates the expression and what determines the specificity of antiviral immune genes remains unknown. Here, we identified that the depletion of SAFA specifically decreased the chromatin accessibility, activation and expression of virus induced genes in a genome-wide scale after VSV infection. SAFA exclusively bound with antiviral related RNAs, which mediated the specific opening of the according chromatin and robust transcription of these genes. Knockdown of these associated RNAs dampened the accessibility of corresponding genes in an extranuclear signaling pathway dependent manner. Moreover, VSV infection cleaved SAFA protein at the C-terminus which deprived its RNA binding ability for immune evasion. Thus, our results demonstrated that SAFA and the interacting RNA products during viral infection collaborate and remodel chromatin accessibility to facilitate antiviral innate immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SAFA facilitates chromatin opening of immune genes through interacting with nascent antiviral RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Micronutrient supplements with iron promote disruptive protozoan and fungal communities in the developing infant gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Supplementation with micronutrients, including vitamins, iron and zinc, is a key strategy to alleviate child malnutrition. However, adverse events resulting in gastrointestinal disorders, largely associated with iron, has resulted in ongoing debate over their administration. To better understand their impact on gut microbiota, we analysed the bacterial, protozoal, fungal and helminth communities of stool samples collected from children that had previously been recruited to a cluster randomized controlled trial of micronutrient supplementation in Pakistan. We show that while bacterial diversity was reduced in supplemented children, vitamins and iron may promote colonization with distinct protozoa and mucormycetes, whereas the addition of zinc ameliorates this effect. In addition to supplements, residence in a rural versus urban setting is an important determinant of eukaryotic composition. We suggest that the risks and benefits of such interventions may be mediated in part through eukaryotic communities, in a manner dependent on setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Popovic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bourdon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guttman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soofi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhutta, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandsma, R. H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pell, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.06.451346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Micronutrient supplements with iron promote disruptive protozoan and fungal communities in the developing infant gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EpicPCR-Directed Cultivation of a Candidatus Saccharibacteria Symbiont Reveals a Type IV Pili-dependent Epibiotic Lifestyle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candidate phyla radiations (CPR), accounting for a major microbial supergroup with remarkably small genomes and reduced sizes, are widely distributed yet mostly uncultured. Limited culture and its obligate reliance upon other bacteria hindered investigation of their lifestyles. In this work we isolated a CPR bacterium, TM7i, with its host Leucobacter aridocollis J1, by combination of Emulsion, Paired Isolation and Concatenation PCR (epicPCR) detection and filtrate co-culture. Genomic profiling of TM7 genomes and microscopic investigation of TM7i-J1 symbiosis suggest the conservation of type IV pili and a pili-dependent lifestyle of TM7. Further, we observed twitching motility of TM7i mediated by pili and its role played in the interaction with its host. Our results shed a light on the lifestyle about this enigmatic bacterial radiation, which may also be adopted by other CPR organisms. The epicPCR-directed isolation method underlines high efficiency of CPR bacteria isolation and thus may be used in other symbiotic or epibiotic microorganisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EpicPCR-Directed Cultivation of a Candidatus Saccharibacteria Symbiont Reveals a Type IV Pili-dependent Epibiotic Lifestyle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gating mechanism of human N-type voltage-gated calcium channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.08.451561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N-type voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels mediate Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic terminals in response to action potential and play vital roles in synaptogenesis, neurotransmitter releasing, and nociceptive transmission. Here we elucidate a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human CaV2.2 complex at resolution of 2.8 [A]. This complex structure reveals how the CaV2.2, {beta}1, and 2{delta}1 subunits are assembled. In our structure, the second voltage-sensing domain (VSD) is stabilized at a resting-state conformation, which is distinct from the other three VSDs of CaV2.2 as well as activated VSDs observed in previous structures of CaV channels. The structure also shows that the intracellular gate formed by S6 helices is closed, and a W-helix from the DII-III linker is determined to act as a blocking-ball that causes closed-state inactivation in CaV2.2. Collectively, our structure provides previously unseen structural insights into fundamental gating mechanisms of CaV channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.08.451561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gating mechanism of human N-type voltage-gated calcium channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.450799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomics for the 99.9% of species without reference genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.450799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for cell type identification but is not readily applicable to organisms without well-annotated reference genomes. Of the approximately 10 million animal species predicted to exist on Earth, >99.9% do not have any submitted genome assembly. To enable scRNA-seq for the vast majority of animals on the planet, here we introduce the concept of "k-mer homology," combining biochemical synonyms in degenerate protein alphabets with uniform data subsampling via MinHash into a pipeline called Kmermaid. Implementing this pipeline enables direct detection of similar cell types across species from transcriptomic data without the need for a reference genome. Underpinning Kmermaid is the tool Orpheum, a memory-efficient method for extracting high-confidence protein-coding sequences from RNA-seq data. After validating Kmermaid using datasets from human and mouse lung, we applied Kmermaid to the Chinese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus), where we propagated cellular compartment labels at high fidelity. Our pipeline provides a high-throughput tool that enables analyses of transcriptomic data across divergent species transcriptomes in a genome- and gene annotation-agnostic manner. Thus, the combination of Kmermaid and Orpheum identifies cell type-specific sequences that may be missing from genome annotations and empowers molecular cellular phenotyping for novel model organisms and species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Botvinnik, O. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vemuri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce Ward, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nafees, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karanam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travaglini, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ezran, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.450799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomics for the 99.9% of species without reference genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Successful microbial colonization of space using an anti-aggregation strategy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many organisms live in habitats with limited nutrients or space, competition for these resources is ubiquitous. Although spatial factors related to populations manner of colonizing space influences its success in spatial competition, what these factors are and to what extent they influence the outcome remains under-explored. Here, we applied a simulated competitive model to explore the spatial factors affecting outcomes of competition for space. By quantifying spatial factors using  Space Accessibility, we show that colonizing space in an anti-aggregation manner contributes to microbial competitive success. We also find that the competitive edge derived from being anti-aggregation in colonizing space, which results in a higher  Space Accessibility, neutralizes the disadvantage arising from either lower growth rate or lower initial abundance. These findings shed light on the role of space colonization manners on maintaining biodiversity within ecosystems and provide novel insights critical for understanding how competition for space drives evolutionary innovation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.451734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Successful microbial colonization of space using an anti-aggregation strategy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking neural markers of template formation and implementation in attentional inhibition under different distractor consistency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.09.451861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Performing visual search tasks requires optimal attention deployment to promote targets and inhibit distractors. Rejection templates based on the distractors feature can be built to constrain the search process. We measured electroencephalography (EEG) of human participants of both sexes when they performed a visual search task in conditions where the distractor cues were constant within a block (fixed-cueing) or changed on a trial-by-trial basis (varied-cueing). In the fixed-cueing condition, sustained decoding of the cued colors could be achieved during the retention interval and the participants with higher decoding accuracy showed larger suppression benefit of the distractor cueing in the search period. In the varied-cueing condition, the cued color could only be transiently decoded after its onset and the higher decoding accuracy was observed from the participants who demonstrated lower suppression benefit. The differential neural representations of the to-be-ignored color in the two cueing conditions as well as their reverse associations with behavioral performance implied that rejection templates were formed in the fixed-cueing condition but not in the varied-cueing condition. Additionally, we observed stronger posterior alpha lateralization and mid-frontal theta/beta power during the retention interval of the varied-cueing condition, indicating the cognitive costs in template formation caused by the trialwise change of distractor colors. Taken together, our findings revealed the neural markers associated with the critical roles of distractor consistency in linking template formation to successful inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.09.451861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking neural markers of template formation and implementation in attentional inhibition under different distractor consistency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamics of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages reveals their divergent roles in the immune response of brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioma microenvironment contains numerous myeloid cells, including brain-resident microglia and recruited monocytes and macrophages (Mo/M{varphi}). When studied collectively, these cells presented pro-tumor effects. Yet, little is known about the differences among these myeloid populations. Using single-cell sequencing analysis, we studied the phenotypic characteristics, spatial variances, and dynamic changes of these relatively heterogeneous cell populations. Microglia populations with distinct spatial distribution presented different functional states, including tumor-associated subsets with phagocytic and lipid metabolism signature. Notably, this subset of glioma-associated microglia shared similar trait in a diverse spectrum of neuropathogenesis. In contrast, Mo/M{varphi} highly expressed genes related to angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and immune evasion. Moreover, identifying the Mo/M{varphi} subsets had prognostic and classificatory value in clinical application. These results thus eliminate the long-existing ambiguity about the role of microglia and Mo/M{varphi} in glioma pathogenesis, and reveal their prognostic and therapeutic value for glioma patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamics of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages reveals their divergent roles in the immune response of brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451985v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collaborations and deceptions in strategic interactions revealed by hyperscanning fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.11.451985v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its ubiquity, deceiving as a social phenomenon is scarcely addressed with fMRI, partly due to the spontaneity and individual differences in cheating, and the contextual variability that fosters lying. In this hyperscanning fMRI study, the participant pairs (n=33) from Taipei and Tainan joined an opening-treasure-chest (OTC) game, where the dyads took alternative turns as senders (to inform) and receivers (to decide) for guessing the right chest. The cooperation condition was achieved by, upon successful guessing, splitting the $200NTD trial reward, thereby promoting mutual trust. The competition condition, in contrast, was done by, also upon winning, the latter receivers taking all the $150NTD reward, thereby encouraging strategic interactions. One key fMRI finding was the negative correlations between the connectivity of the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ), known as the theory-of-mind function, and amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and rostral anterior cingulate (rACC), to senders behavioral lying rates. Furthermore, the Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis (MVPA) over multiple searchlight-identified Region-Of-Interests (ROIs), in classifying either the "truthful vs. lying in $150" or the "truthful in $200 vs. truthful in $150" conditions achieved 61% and 84.5% accuracy, respectively, reflecting the idiosyncratic brain networks involved in distinguishing the social trust vs. deceptions in the dyadic interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.11.451985</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collaborations and deceptions in strategic interactions revealed by hyperscanning fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.18.451543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in tissue gene regulation -- contributions of three classes of sex-biasing factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.18.451543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex differences in physiology and disease in mammals result from the effects of three classes of factors that are inherently unequal in males and females: reversible (activational) effects of gonadal hormones, permanent (organizational) effects of gonadal hormones, and cell-autonomous effects of sex chromosomes, as well as genes driven by these classes of factors. Often, these factors act together to cause sex differences in specific phenotypes, but the relative contribution of each and the interactions among them remain unclear. Here, we used the Four Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model with or without hormone replacement to distinguish the effects of each class of sex-biasing factors on transcriptome regulation in liver and adipose tissues. We found that the activational hormone levels have the strongest influence on gene expression, followed by the organizational gonadal sex effect and, lastly, sex chromosomal effect, along with interactions among the three factors. Tissue specificity was prominent, with a major impact of estradiol on adipose tissue gene regulation, and of testosterone on the liver transcriptome. The networks affected by the three sex-biasing factors include development, immunity and metabolism, and tissue-specific regulators were identified for these networks. Furthermore, the genes affected by individual sex-biasing factors and interactions among factors are associated with human disease traits such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. Our study offers a tissue-specific account of the individual and interactive contributions of major sex-biasing factors to gene regulation that have broad impact on systemic metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blencowe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Itoh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McClusky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.18.451543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in tissue gene regulation -- contributions of three classes of sex-biasing factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ENKD1 is a centrosomal and ciliary microtubule-associated protein important for primary cilium assembly and Hedgehog signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.20.453048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles and cilia are conserved, microtubule-based structures critical for cell function and development. Their structural and functional defects cause cancer and developmental disorders. How microtubules are organized into ordered structures by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin modifications is best understood during mitosis but is largely unexplored for the centrioles and the ciliary axoneme, which are composed of remarkably stable microtubules that maintain their length at steady state. In particular, we know little about the identity of the centriolar and ciliary MAPs and how they work together during the assembly and maintenance of the cilium and centriole. Here, we identified Enkurin domain containing 1 (ENKD1) as a component of the centriole wall and the axoneme in mammalian cells, and showed that it has extensive proximity interactions with these compartments and MAPs. Using in vitro and cellular assays, we found that ENKD1 is a new MAP that promotes microtubule polymerization and regulates microtubule organization and stability. Consistently, overexpression of ENKD1 increased tubulin polymerization and acetylation and disrupted microtubule organization. Cells depleted for ENKD1 were defective in ciliary length and content regulation and failed to respond to Hedgehog pathway activation. Together, our results establish ENKD1 as a new centriolar and ciliary MAP that regulate primary cilium structure and function, and advances our understanding of the functional and regulatory relationship between MAPs and the primary cilium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiryaki, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deretic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.20.453048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ENKD1 is a centrosomal and ciliary microtubule-associated protein important for primary cilium assembly and Hedgehog signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.452832v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebral coherence in task-based fMRI hyperscanning: a new trick to an old dog 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.452832v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study features an fMRI hyperscanning experiment, mapping the brains of the dyads from two fMRI sites, 305 km apart. There are two conditions: in half of the trials (the cooperation condition), the dyad had to collaborate to win and then split the reward, whereas in the other half (the competition condition), the winner took all the reward, thereby resulting in dynamic strategic interactions. Each subject took alternating turns as senders and receivers. To calculate the cerebral coherence in such jittered event-related fMRI tasks, we first estimated the feedback-related BOLD responses of each trial, using 8 finite impulse response functions (16 seconds), and then concatenated the beta volume series. With the right temporal-parietal junction (rTPJ) as the seed, the interpersonal connected brain areas in the cooperation and competition conditions were separately identified: the former condition with the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) and the latter with the left precuneus (lPrecuneus) (as well as some other regions of interest), both peaking at the designated frequency bin (1/16 s = 0.0625 Hz), but not in permuted pairs. In addition, the extended coherence analyses on shorter (12 s, or .083 Hz) and longer (20 s, or .05 Hz) concatenated volumes verified that only approximately in the trial length were the rTPJ-rSTG and rTPJ-lPrecuneus couplings found. In sum, our approach both showcases a flexible analysis method that widens the applicability of interpersonal coherence in the rapid event-related fMRI hyperscanning, and reveals a context-based interpersonal coupling between pairs in cooperation vs. competition.

Author summarySocial neuroscience is gaining momentum, while coherence analysis as one of the interpersonal connectivity measures is rarely applied to the rapid event-related fMRI. The reason could be that the inherent task design (such as the periodicity constraint for Fourier transformation), among others, limits its applicability and usage. In this fMRI hyperscanning study of a two-person strategic interactions, we independently estimated the feedback-related BOLD responses of each trial, and concatenated the beta time series for interpersonal coherence. The main advantage of this method is in its flexibility against the constraints of jittered experimental trials intermixing several task conditions in most task-based fMRI runs. In addition, our coherence results, which highlight two inter-brain couplings (e.g., rTPJ-rSTG between collaborating, and rTPJ-lPrecuneus for competing dyads) among other brain regions, plus its temporal specificity of such seed-brain couplings only between pairs, both replicate previous run-wide fMRI coherence results, and hold great promise in extending its applicability in task-based fMRI hyperscanning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.452832</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebral coherence in task-based fMRI hyperscanning: a new trick to an old dog]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of a small molecule that selectively destabilizes Cryptochrome 1 and enhances life span in p53 knockout mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.21.453206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptochromes are negative transcriptional regulators of the circadian clock in mammals. It is not clear how reducing the level of endogenous level of the CRY1 in mammals will affect circadian rhythm and the relation of such a decrease with apoptosis is unknown. Here, we discovered a molecule that destabilizes Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) both in vitro and in vivo. The small molecule, called M47, selectively enhanced the degradation rate of CRY1 by increasing its ubiquitination and the period of U2OS Bmal1-dLuc cells. In addition, subcellular fractionation studies from mice liver indicated that M47 enhanced degradation rate of the CRY1 level in the nucleus. Furthermore, M47-mediated CRY1 reduction enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in Ras-transformed p53 null fibroblast cells. Finally, systemic repetitive administration of M47 increased the median lifespan of p53-/- mice by ~25%. Collectively our data suggest that M47 is a very promising molecule to treat forms of cancer depending on the p53 mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akyel, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korkmaz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Danis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ipek, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aygenli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer Unal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okyar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.21.453206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of a small molecule that selectively destabilizes Cryptochrome 1 and enhances life span in p53 knockout mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissection of brain-wide spontaneous and functional somatosensory circuits by fMRI with optogenetic silencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.22.453311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To further advance functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based brain science, it is critical to dissect fMRI activity at the circuit level. To achieve this goal, we combined brain-wide fMRI with neuronal silencing in well-defined regions. Since focal inactivation suppresses excitatory output to downstream pathways, intact input and suppressed output circuits can be separated. Highly specific cerebral blood volume-weighted fMRI was performed with optogenetic simulation of local GABAergic neurons in mouse somatosensory regions. Brain-wide spontaneous somatosensory networks were found mostly in ipsilateral cortical and subcortical areas, which differed from the bilateral homotopic connections commonly observed in resting-state fMRI data. The evoked fMRI responses to somatosensory stimulation in regions of the somatosensory network were successfully dissected, allowing the relative contributions of spinothalamic (ST), thalamocortical (TC), corticothalamic (CT), corticocortical (CC) inputs and local intracortical circuits to be determined. The ventral posterior thalamic nucleus (VPL) receives ST inputs, while the posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) receives CT inputs from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) with TC inputs. The secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) receives mostly direct CC inputs from S1 and a few TC inputs from the VPL. The TC and CC input layers in cortical regions were identified by laminar-specific fMRI responses with a full width at half-maximum of <150 {micro}m. Long-range synaptic inputs in cortical areas were amplified approximately 2-fold by local intracortical circuits, which is consistent with electrophysiological recordings. Overall, whole-brain fMRI with optogenetic inactivation revealed brain-wide, population-based long-range circuits, which could complement data typically collected in conventional microscopic functional circuit studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jung, W. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.22.453311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissection of brain-wide spontaneous and functional somatosensory circuits by fMRI with optogenetic silencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a distal RXFP1 gene enhancer with differential activity in fibrotic lung fibroblasts involving AP-1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.23.453556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) mediates relaxins antifibrotic effects and has reduced expression in the lung and skin of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (fILD) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). This may explain the failure of relaxin-based anti-fibrotic treatments in SSc, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling RXFP1 expression remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify regulatory elements of RXFP1 that may function differentially in fibrotic fibroblasts.

We identified and evaluated a distal regulatory region of RXFP1 in lung fibroblasts using a luciferase reporter system. Using serial deletions, an enhancer upregulating pGL3-promoter activity was localized to the distal region between -584 to -242bp from the distal transcription start site (TSS). This enhancer exhibited reduced activity in IPF and SSc lung fibroblasts. Bioinformatic analysis identified two clusters of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor binding sites within the enhancer. Site-directed mutagenesis of the binding sites confirmed that only one cluster reduced activity (-358 to -353 relative to distal TSS). Co-expression of FOS in lung fibroblasts further increased enhancer activity. In vitro complex formation with a labeled probe spanning the functional AP-1 site using nuclear proteins isolated from lung fibroblasts confirmed a specific DNA/protein complex formation. Application of antibodies against JUN and FOS resulted in the complex alteration, while antibodies to JUNB and FOSL1 did not. Analysis of AP-1 binding in 5 pairs of control and IPF lung fibroblasts detected positive binding more frequently in control fibroblasts. Expression of JUN and FOS was reduced and correlated positively with RXFP1 expression in IPF lungs.

In conclusion, we identified a distal enhancer of RXFP1 with differential activity in fibrotic lung fibroblasts involving AP-1 transcription factors. Our study provides insight into RXFP1 downregulation in fILD and may support efforts to reevaluate relaxin-based therapeutics alongside upregulation of RXFP1 transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goobie, G. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>hamilton, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahudhanapati, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kass, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.23.453556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a distal RXFP1 gene enhancer with differential activity in fibrotic lung fibroblasts involving AP-1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.25.453727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements drive rapid microRNA diversification in angiosperms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.25.453727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are rapidly evolving endogenous small RNAs programing organism function and behavior. Although models for miRNA origination have been proposed based on sporadic cases, the genomic mechanisms driving swift diversification of the miRNA repertoires in plants remain elusive. Here, by comprehensively analyzing 20 phylogenetically representative plant species, we identified miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) as the predominant genomic sources for de novo miRNAs in angiosperms. Our data illustrated a transposition-transcription process whereby properly sized MITEs transposed into active genic regions could be converted into new miRNAs, termed MITE-miRNAs, in as few as 20 generations. We showed that this molecular domestication mechanism leads to a possible evolutionary arms race between the MITEs and the host genomes that rapidly and continuously changes the miRNA repertoires. We found that the MITE-miRNAs are selected for targeting genes associated with plant adaptation and habitat expansion, thereby constituting a genomic innovation potentially underlying angiosperm megadiversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.25.453727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements drive rapid microRNA diversification in angiosperms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structures of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 neutralizing antibodies provide insights into cocktail design against concerning variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.30.454402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variants could seriously dampen the global effort to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, we investigated the humoral antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients and vaccinees towards circulating variants, and identified a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that could efficiently neutralize the B.1.351 (Beta) variant. Here we investigate how these mAbs target the B.1.351 spike protein using cryo-electron microscopy. In particular, we show that two superpotent mAbs, BD-812 and BD-836, have non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike. Both block the interaction between RBD and the ACE2 receptor; and importantly, both remain fully efficacious towards the B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants. The BD-812/BD-836 pair could thus serve as an ideal antibody cocktail against the SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.07.30.454402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structures of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 neutralizing antibodies provide insights into cocktail design against concerning variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regional Variant Analysis of Spike Glycoprotein Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Implications in COVID-19 Pandemic Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.02.454771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the spike glycoprotein have various impacts on the receptor binding, antibody interaction, and host range of SARS-CoV-2. As the interaction of spike glycoprotein with the human ACE2 receptor is the entry point of SARS-CoV-2 in human cells, mutations in the spike protein itself contain numerous impacts on the pandemic. Here, we analysed all the mutations in the spike glycoprotein from123 strains isolated from Kerala, India. We also predicted the possible structural relevance of the unique mutations based on topological analysis of the residue interaction network of the spike glycoprotein structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Punnoth Poonkuzhi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elayadeth-Meethal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ollakkot, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>UK, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saheer Kuruniyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.02.454771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regional Variant Analysis of Spike Glycoprotein Mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Implications in COVID-19 Pandemic Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preferential interactions of a crowder protein with the specific binding site of a native protein complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.06.455410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The crowded cellular environments provide ample opportunities for proteins to interact with bystander macromolecules, yet direct evidence, let alone residue-specific information, for such nonspecific binding is rare. Here, by combining NMR spectroscopy and atomistic modeling, we investigated how crowders influence the association equilibrium and kinetics of two protein partners, EIN and HPr. Ficoll-70 increases the EIN-HPr binding affinity whereas bovine serum albumin (BSA) decreases the affinity. The opposite effects of the two crowders are quantitatively explained by atomistic modeling, which shows that the stabilizing effect of Ficoll-70 arises from volume exclusion favoring the bound state. In contrast, the destabilizing effect of BSA arises from preferential soft interactions with the free state; notably, BSA has favorable electrostatic interactions with positively charged HPr residues within the EIN-binding site. Some of the residues from this site indeed experience significant chemical shift perturbation when titrated with BSA, while the relaxation rates of HPr backbone amides exhibit overall elevation. Furthermore, relaxation dispersion data indicate that Ficoll-70 and BSA both slow down the EIN-HPr association rate, but change the dissociate rate in opposite directions. The observations on kinetics are accounted for by two effects of the crowders: increasing the solution microviscosity and reshaping the EIN-HPr interaction energy surface. The kind of preferential interactions between BSA and HPr that leads to competition with EIN should be prevalent in cellular environments. Our NMR results and atomistic modeling provide benchmarks, at both qualitative and quantitative levels, for the effects of crowded cellular environments on protein-protein specific interactions.

Significance StatementAlthough nonspecific binding of crowder macromolecules with functional proteins is likely prevalent in vivo, direct evidence is rare. Here we present NMR characterizations showing that bovine serum albumin preferentially interacts with a specific binding site on HPr, leading to competition with the latters partner EIN. The preferential interactions result in destabilization of the EIN-HPr native complex and speedup of its dissociation, contrary to expectations from excluded-volume and viscosity effects. Atomistic modeling of macromolecular crowding rationalizes the experimental observations, and provides qualitative and quantitative insight into the influences of the crowded cellular environment on protein-protein specific interactions. Our work also has implications for evolution, regarding how nonspecific binding can be either minimized or exploited for gaining new functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.06.455410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preferential interactions of a crowder protein with the specific binding site of a native protein complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of Functional Connectome Gradients during Childhood and Adolescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.08.455594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Connectome mapping studies have documented a principal primary-to-transmodal gradient in the adult brain network, capturing a functional spectrum which ranges from perception and action to abstract cognition. However, how this gradient pattern develops and whether its development is linked to cognitive growth, topological reorganization, and gene expression profiles remain largely unknown. Using longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 305 children (ages 6-14), we describe substantial changes in the primary-to-transmodal gradient between childhood and adolescence, including emergence as the principal gradient, expansion of global topography, and focal tuning in primary and default-mode regions. These gradient changes are mediated by developmental changes in network integration and segregation, and are associated with abstract processing functions such as working memory and expression levels of calcium ion regulated exocytosis, synaptic transmission, and axon and synapse part related genes. Our findings have implications for understanding connectome maturation principles in normal development and developmental disorders.

TeaserOur study reported the maturation of the core connectome gradient and its association with cognitions and genes expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.08.455594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of Functional Connectome Gradients during Childhood and Adolescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualizing conformational space of functional biomolecular complexes by deep manifold learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.09.455739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular functions are executed by biological macromolecular complexes in nonequilibrium dynamic processes, which exhibit a vast diversity of conformational states. Solving conformational continuum of important biomolecular complexes at atomic level is essential to understand their functional mechanisms and to guide structure-based drug discovery. Here we introduce a deep learning framework, named AlphaCryo4D, which enables atomic-level cryogenic electron microscopy reconstructions of conformational continuum. AlphaCryo4D integrates 3D deep residual learning with manifold embedding of energy landscapes, which simultaneously improves 3D classification accuracy and reconstruction resolution via an energy-based particle-voting algorithm. By applications of this approach to analyze five experimental datasets, we demonstrate its generality in breaking resolution barrier of visualizing dynamic components of functional complexes, in choreographing continuous inter-subunit motions and in exploring their  hidden conformational space. Our approach expands the realm of structural ensemble determination to the nonequilibrium regime at atomic level, thus potentially transforming biomedical research and therapeutic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.09.455739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualizing conformational space of functional biomolecular complexes by deep manifold learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stable Flow-induced Expression of KLK10 Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation and Atherosclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAtherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow), while regions exposed to stable flow (s-flow) are protected. The proatherogenic and atheroprotective effects of d-flow and s-flow are mediated in part by the global changes in endothelial cell gene expression, which regulates endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Previously, we identified Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 10 (KLK10, a secreted serine protease) as a flow-sensitive gene in arterial endothelial cells, but its role in endothelial biology and atherosclerosis was unknown.

Methods and ResultsHere, we show that KLK10 is upregulated under s-flow conditions and downregulated under d-flow conditions using in vivo mouse models and in vitro studies with cultured endothelial cells (ECs). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and scATAC sequencing (scATACseq) study using the partial carotid ligation mouse model showed flow-regulated KLK10 expression at the epigenomic and transcription levels. Functionally, KLK10 protected against d-flow-induced inflammation and permeability dysfunction in human artery ECs (HAECs). Further, treatment of mice in vivo with rKLK10 decreased arterial endothelial inflammation in d-flow regions. Additionally, rKLK10 injection or ultrasound-mediated transfection of KLK10-expressing plasmids inhibited atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Studies using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNAs revealed that the anti-inflammatory effects of KLK10 were mediated by a Protease Activated Receptors (PAR1/2)-dependent manner. However, unexpectedly, KLK10 did not cleave the PARs. Through a proteomics study, we identified HTRA1 (High-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1), which bound and cleaved KLK10. Further, siRNA knockdown of HTRA1 prevented KLK10s anti-inflammatory and barrier protective function in HAECs, suggesting that HTRA1 regulates KLK10 function. Moreover, KLK10 expression was significantly reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques compared to those with less severe plaques.

ConclusionKLK10 is a flow-sensitive endothelial protein and, in collaboration with HTRA1, serves as an anti-inflammatory, barrier-protective, and anti-atherogenic factor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Williams, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmoud, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andueza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamargo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa-Roel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, K.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tate, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pohl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosnier, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamandis, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mihara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollenberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.10.455857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stable Flow-induced Expression of KLK10 Inhibits Endothelial Inflammation and Atherosclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455864v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiomics reveals the genomic, proteomic and metabolic influences of histidyl dipeptides on heart 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.10.455864v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histidyl dipeptides, are synthesized in the heart via enzyme carnosine synthase (Carns), which facilitates glycolysis and glucose oxidation by proton buffering and attenuate ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, a composite understanding of the histidyl dipeptide mediated responses in the heart are lacking. We performed multilayer omics in the cardio specific Carns overexpressing mice, showing higher myocardial levels of histidyl dipeptides lead to extensive changes in microRNAs that could target the expression of contractile proteins and enzymes involved in {beta}-fatty acid oxidation and citric acid cycle (TCA). Similarly, global proteomics showed contractile function, fatty acid degradation and TCA cycle, pathways were enriched in the CarnsTg heart. Parallel with these changes, free fatty acids, and TCA intermediate-succinic acid were lower under aerobic and significantly attenuated under anaerobic conditions in the CarnsTg heart. Integration of multiomics data shows {beta}-fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle exhibit correlative changes at all three levels in CarnsTg heart, suggesting histidyl dipeptides are critical regulators of myocardial structure, function and energetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baba, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prodhan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obal, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katragadda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doelling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoetker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Posa, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorkiewicz, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.10.455864</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiomics reveals the genomic, proteomic and metabolic influences of histidyl dipeptides on heart]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heterochromatin rewiring and domain disruption-mediated chromatin compaction during erythropoiesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.456090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Development of mammalian red blood cells involves progressive chromatin compaction and subsequent enucleation in terminal stages of differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the three-dimensional chromatin reorganization and compaction remains obscure. Here, we systematically analyze the distinct features of higher-order chromatin in purified populations of primary human erythroblasts. Our results reveal that while heterochromatin regions undergo substantial compression, select transcription competent regions with active transcription signature are preferentially maintained to achieve a highly-compacted yet functional chromatin state in terminal erythropoiesis, which is about 20-30% of the nuclear volume compared to that of erythroid progenitors. While the partition of euchromatic and heterochromatic regions (compartment A and B) remain mostly unchanged, H3K9me3 marks relocalize to the nuclear periphery and a significant number of H3K9me3 long-range interactions are formed in the three-dimensional rewiring during terminal erythroid chromatin condensation. Moreover, [~]63% of the topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries are disrupted, while certain TADs with active chromatin modification are selectively maintained during terminal erythropoiesis. The most well-maintained TADs are enriched for chromatin structural factors CTCF and SMC3, as well as factors and marks of the active transcription state. Finally, we demonstrate that the erythroid master regulator GATA1 involves in safeguarding select essential chromatin domains during terminal erythropoiesis. Our study therefore delineate the molecular characteristics of a development-driven chromatin compaction process, which reveals transcription competence as a key determinant of the select domain maintenance to ensure appropriate gene expression during immense chromatin compaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heterochromatin rewiring and domain disruption-mediated chromatin compaction during erythropoiesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Humanoid robots are perceived as an evolutionary threat 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studying how we perceive humanoid robots will provide insights for a deeper understanding of human-robot interaction. Our ideas about humanoid robots are mainly informed by science fiction, and humanoid robots are generally described as an evolutionary threat in science fiction that has not been tested. The preparedness model has emphasized that the fear module is automatically activated by evolutionary threats, and its underlying neural circuit is centered on the amygdala. We hypothesized that if humanoid robots are perceived as an evolutionary threat even though humanoid robots are manmade, modern objects, we would expect to observe a monocular advantage for humanoid robots and an amygdala response to unconsciously presented humanoid robots that were previously only evident in evolutionary threats. Here, we observed a monocular advantage for the perception of humanoid robots the same as an evolutionary threat (i.e., snakes). Our neuroimaging analysis indicated that unconscious presentation of humanoid robot vs. human images led to significant amygdala activation. Despite a positive humanoid robot-related association had been established by associative learning (as evidenced by results of successfully weakening the negative implicit attitude to humanoid robots and enhancing functional connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus), the amygdala could still automatically and quickly detect humanoid robots. Our results reveal that processing of information about humanoid robots displays automaticity with regard to recruitment of visual pathway and amygdala activation. Our findings that humans apparently perceive humanoid robots as an evolutionary threat may help inform redefinition of human-robot interaction and robot ethics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.13.456053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Humanoid robots are perceived as an evolutionary threat]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.14.456364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clock genes Period1 and Period2 in the hippocampal CA1 mediate depression-like behaviors and rapid antidepressant response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.14.456364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulated reports have indicated that circadian rhythm is closely related to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, adenosine has been identified to modulate circadian clock via adenosine A1 and A2A receptor signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is a convergent point that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression and is a downstream molecule of adenosine A1 receptor signaling pathway as an endpoint that can regulate the expression of circadian genes Period1 (Per1) and Period2 (Per2). However, whether Per mediates the development of MDD via CREB has not been elucidated. We used chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to induce depression-like behaviors and found that it could induce decrease in p-CREB and PER1 levels in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. Both depression-like behaviors and the decreased protein levels could be rapidly rescued by the administration of adenosine A1 receptor agonist 2-Choro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA). Furthermore, knockdown of Per1 in hippocampal CA1 region could also induce depression-like behaviors, which could also be rescued by CCPA. Interestingly, Per2 knockdown in hippocampal CA1 region resulted in potential antidepressant-like effect. In addition, knockout of CRE sequence in the promoter regions of either Per1 or Per2 led to depression-like behaviors, which could not be rescued by CCPA. These results indicated that clock genes Per1 and Per2 play critical roles in the pathophysiology of depression and CRE sequences in the promoter regions of Per1 and Per2 may be a critical antidepressant target.

HighlightsO_LICUS induces both depression-like behaviors and decreases in the expression of p-CREB and PER1 levels in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats, which can be rapidly rescued by 2-Choro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA).
C_LIO_LIKnockdown of clock gene Per1 in the hippocampal CA1 brain region leads to depression-like behaviors in rats, which can be also rescued by CCPA.
C_LIO_LIKnockdown of clock gene Per2 in the hippocampal CA1 brain region may have potential antidepressant-like effect.
C_LIO_LIKnockout of the CRE sequence on the promoter region of the clock genes Per1 and Per2 produces depression-like behaviors, which cannot be rescued by CCPA.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.14.456364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clock genes Period1 and Period2 in the hippocampal CA1 mediate depression-like behaviors and rapid antidepressant response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Musicians and non-musicians consonant/dissonant perception investigated by EEG and fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.15.456377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The perception of two (or more) simultaneous musical notes, depending on their pitch interval(s), could be broadly categorized as consonant or dissonant. Previous studies have suggested that musicians and non-musicians adopt different strategies when discerning music intervals: the frequency ratio (perfect fifth or tritone) for the former, and frequency differences (e.g., roughness vs. non-roughness) for the latter. To extend and replicate this previous finding, in this follow-up study we reran the ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) experiment, and separately collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of the same protocol. The behavioral results replicated our previous findings that musicians used pitch intervals and nonmusicians roughness for consonant judgments. And the ERP amplitude differences between groups in both frequency ratio and frequency differences were primarily around N1 and P2 periods along the midline channels. The fMRI results, with the joint analyses by univariate, multivariate, and connectivity approaches, further reinforce the involvement of midline and related-brain regions in consonant/dissonance judgments. Additional representational similarity analysis (or RSA), and the final spatio-temporal searchlight RSA (or ss-RSA), jointly combined the fMRI-EEG into the same representational space, providing final support on the neural substrates of neurophysiological signatures. Together, these analyses not just exemplify the importance of replication, that musicians rely more on top-down knowledge for consonance/dissonance perception; but also demonstrate the advantages of multiple analyses in constraining the findings from both EEG and fMRI.

Significance StatementIn this study, the neural correlates of consonant and dissonant perception has been revisited with both EEG and fMRI. Behavioral results of the current study well replicated the pattern of our earlier work (Kung et al., 2014), and the ERP results, though showing that both musicians and nonmusicians processed rough vs. non-rough notes similarly, still supported the top-down modulation in musicians likely through long-term practice. The fMRI results, combining univariate (GLM contrast and functional connectivity) and multivariate (MVPA searchlight and RSA on voxel-, connectivity-, and spatio-temporal RSA searchlight-level) analyses, commonly speak to lateralized and midline regions, at different time windows, as the core brain networks that underpin both musicians and nonmusicians consonant/dissonant perceptions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhien, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, F.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.15.456377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Musicians and non-musicians consonant/dissonant perception investigated by EEG and fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trade-driven trapping dampens the biodiversity benefits of forest restoration in Southeast Asia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.20.457106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tropical forest restoration stands to deliver important conservation gains, particularly in lowland Southeast Asia, which has suffered some of the worlds highest rates of forest loss and degradation. This promise, however, depends on the extent to which biodiversity at forest restoration sites continues to be exposed to threats. A key knowledge gap concerns the extent to which biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating tropical forests is impacted by trapping for the multi-million-dollar wildlife trade. Here, we use a repeated survey dataset to quantify rates of avian community recovery under forest regeneration, at a flagship restoration site in the lowland rainforests of Sumatra, Indonesia. We show that over a decade, forest regeneration was associated with significant abundance increases for 43.8% of bird species.

However, the apparent negative impacts of trade-driven trapping on avian populations also intensified: the proportion of species that show increased abundance only in very remote forests increased from 5.4% to 16.2%, while the overall accessibility of the forest increased. We found that 14% of species did not recover as fast as predicted based on the observed improvement in forest conditions over the study period. Our results highlight the potential for rapid avifaunal recovery in regenerating tropical forests, but also emphasize the urgency of tackling the serious threat of wildlife trade to Southeast Asias biodiversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sagar, H. S. S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilroy, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swinfield, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yong, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gemita, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novriyanti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janra, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balmford, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.20.457106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trade-driven trapping dampens the biodiversity benefits of forest restoration in Southeast Asia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasma Contains Ultra-short Single-stranded DNA in Addition to Nucleosomal cfDNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma cell-free DNA is a widely used biomarker for diagnostic screening. We introduce uscfDNA-seq, a single-stranded cell-free DNA NGS pipeline, which bypasses previous limitations to reveal a novel population of ultrashort single-stranded cell-free DNA in plasma with a modal size of 50nt. This species of cfDNA aligns predominantly to the nuclear genome and could potentially be used for novel biomarker discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morselli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinheiro-Ferreira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellegrini, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.22.457243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasma Contains Ultra-short Single-stranded DNA in Addition to Nucleosomal cfDNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics integration and regulatory inference for unpaired single-cell data with a graph-linked unified embedding framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.22.457275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the ever-increasing amount of single-cell multi-omics data accumulated during the past years, effective and efficient computational integration is becoming a serious challenge. One major obstacle of unpaired multi-omics integration is the feature discrepancies among omics layers. Here, we propose a computational framework called GLUE (graph-linked unified embedding), which utilizes accessible prior knowledge about regulatory interactions to bridge the gaps between feature spaces. Systematic benchmarks demonstrated that GLUE is accurate, robust and scalable. We further employed GLUE for various challenging tasks, including triple-omics integration, model-based regulatory inference and multi-omics human cell atlas construction (over millions of cells) and found that GLUE achieved superior performance for each task. As a generalizable framework, GLUE features a modular design that can be flexibly extended and enhanced for new analysis tasks. The full package is available online at https://github.com/gao-lab/GLUE for the community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.22.457275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics integration and regulatory inference for unpaired single-cell data with a graph-linked unified embedding framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reorganizations of latency structure within white matter from wakefulness to sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previous studies based on resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data have revealed the existence of highly reproducible latency structure, reflecting the propagation of BOLD fMRI signals, in white matter (WM). Here, based on simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from 35 healthy subjects who were instructed to sleep, we explored the alterations of propagations in WM across wakefulness and nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages. Lagged cross-covariance was computed among voxel-wise time series, followed by parabolic interpolation to determine the actual latency value in-between. In WM, regions including cerebellar peduncle, internal capsule, posterior thalamic radiation, genu of corpus callosum, and corona radiata, were found to change their temporal roles drastically, as revealed by applying linear mixed-effect model on voxel-wise latency projections across wakefulness and NREM sleep stages. Using these regions as seeds, further seed-based latency analysis revealed that variations of latency projections across different stages were underlain by inconsistent temporal shifts between each seed and the remaining part of WM. Finally, latency analysis on resting-state networks (RSNs), obtained by applying k-means clustering technique on group-level functional connectivity matrix, identified a path of signal propagations similar to previous findings in EEG during wakefulness, which propagated mainly from the brainstem upward to internal capsule and further to corona radiata. This path showed inter-RSN temporal reorganizations depending on the paired stages between which the brain transitioned, e.g., it changed, between internal capsule and corona radiata, from mainly unidirectional to clearly reciprocal when the brain transitioned from wakefulness to N3 stage. These findings suggested the functional role of BOLD signals in white matter as a slow process, dynamically modulated across wakefulness and NREM sleep stages, and involving in maintaining different levels of consciousness and cognitive processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reorganizations of latency structure within white matter from wakefulness to sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved protein docking by predicted interface residues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scoring docking solutions is a difficult task, and many methods have been developed for this purpose. In docking, only a handful of the hundreds of thousands of models generated by docking algorithms are acceptable, causing difficulties when developing scoring functions. Todays best scoring functions can significantly increase the number of top-ranked models but still fails for most targets. Here, we examine the possibility of utilising predicted residues on a protein-protein interface to score docking models generated during the scan stage of a docking algorithm. Many methods have been developed to infer the portions of a protein surface that interact with another protein, but most have not been benchmarked using docking algorithms. Different interface prediction methods are systematically tested for scoring >300.000 low-resolution rigid-body template free docking decoys. Overall we find that BIPSPI is the best method to identify interface amino acids and score docking solutions. Further, using BIPSPI provides better docking results than state of the art scoring functions, with >12% of first ranked docking models being acceptable. Additional experiments indicated precision as a high-importance metric when estimating interface prediction quality, focusing on docking constraints production. We also discussed several limitations for the adoption of interface predictions as constraints in a docking protocol.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pozatti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved protein docking by predicted interface residues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C. elegans enteric motor neurons fire synchronized action potentials underlying the defecation motor program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.25.457687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The C. elegans nervous system was thought to be strictly analog, constituted solely by graded neurons. We recently discovered neuronal action potentials in the sensory neuron AWA; however, the extent to which the C. elegans nervous system relies on analog or digital neural signaling and coding is unclear. Here we report that the enteric motor neurons AVL and DVB fire all-or-none calcium-mediated action potentials that play essential roles in the rhythmic defecation behavior in C. elegans. Both AVL and DVB synchronously fire giant action potentials to faithfully execute all-or-none expulsion following the intestinal pacemaker. AVL fires unusual compound action potentials with each positive calcium-mediated spike followed by a potassium-mediated negative spike. The depolarizing calcium spikes in AVL are mediated by a CaV2 calcium channel UNC-2, while the negative potassium spikes are mediated by a repolarization-activated potassium channel EXP-2. Whole-body behavior tracking and simultaneous neural imaging in free-moving animals suggest that action potentials initiated in AVL in the head propagate along its axon to the tail and activate DVB through the INX-1 gap junction. Synchronized action potential spikes between AVL and DVB, as well as the negative spike and long-lasting afterhyperpolarization in AVL, play an important function in executing expulsion behavior. This work provides the first evidence that in addition to sensory coding, C. elegans motor neurons also use digital coding scheme to perform specific functions including long-distance communication and temporal synchronization, suggesting further, unforeseen electrophysiological diversity remains to be discovered in the C. elegans nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.25.457687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C. elegans enteric motor neurons fire synchronized action potentials underlying the defecation motor program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of sleep quality in the acceleration of biological aging and its potential for preventive interaction on air pollution insults: findings from the UK Biobank cohort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.457922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSleep has been associated with aging and relevant health outcomes, but their causal relationship remains inconclusive.

MethodsIn this study, we investigated the associations of sleep behaviors with biological ages (BAs) among 363,886 middle and elderly-aged adults from UK Biobank. Sleep index (0 [worst]-6 [best]) of each participant was retrieved from six sleep behaviors: snoring, chronotype, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration, insomnia, and difficulties in getting up. Two BAs, the KDM-biological age and PhenoAge, were estimated by corresponding algorithms based on clinical traits, and their discrepancies with chronological age were defined as the age accelerations (AAs).

ResultsWe first observed negative associations between the sleep index and the two AAs, and demonstrated that the change of AAs could be the consequence of sleep quality using Mendelian randomization with genetic risk scores of sleep index and BAs. Particularly, one unit increase in sleep index was associated with 0.105- and 0.125-year decreases in KDM-biological age acceleration and PhenoAge acceleration, respectively. Furthermore, we observed significant independent and joint effects of sleep and air pollution (i.e. PM2.5 and NO2), another key driver of aging, on BAs. Sleep quality also showed modifying effect on the associations of elevated PM2.5 and NO2 levels with accelerated aging. For instance, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 level was associated with 0.011-, 0.047-, and 0.078-year increase in PhenoAge acceleration among people with high (5-6), medium (3-4), and low (0-2) sleep index, respectively.

ConclusionsOur findings elucidate that better sleep quality could lessen accelerated biological aging resulting from exogenous exposures including air pollution.

FundingPeking University Start-up Grant (BMU2021YJ044)
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.27.457922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of sleep quality in the acceleration of biological aging and its potential for preventive interaction on air pollution insults: findings from the UK Biobank cohort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hexose translocation mediated by SlSWEET5b is required for pollen maturation in Solanum lycopersicum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pollen fertility is critical for successful fertilization and, accordingly, for crop yield. While sugar unloading affects growth and development of all types of sink organs, the molecular nature for sugar import to tomato pollen is poorly understood. However, SWEET transporters have been proposed to function in pollen development. Here, qRT-PCR revealed that SlSWEET5b was markedly expressed in flowers when compared to the remaining tomato SlSWEETs; particularly, in the stamens of maturing flower buds undergoing mitosis. Distinct accumulation of SlSWEET5b-GUS fusion proteins was present in mature flower buds, especially in anther vascular and inner cells, symplasmic isolated pollen cells and styles. The demonstration that GFP fusion proteins located to the plasma membrane support the idea that the SlSWEET5b carrier functions in apoplasmic sugar translocation during pollen maturation. Such function is in line with data from yeast complementation experiments and radiotracer uptakes, showing that SlSWEET5b operates as a low affinity hexose-specific passive facilitator, with a KM of ~36 mM. Most importantly, RNAi-mediated suppression of SlSWEET5b expression resulted in shrunken nucleus-less pollen cells, impaired germination and low seed yield. Interestingly, stamens from SlSWEET5b-silenced tomato mutants contained significantly lower amounts of sucrose and increased invertase activity, pointing to reduced carbon supply and perturbed sucrose homeostasis in this tissue. Taken together, our findings reveal an essential role of SlSWEET5b in mediating apoplasmic hexose import into phloem unloading cells and into developing pollen cells to support pollen mitosis and maturation in tomato flowers.

One-sentence SummaryPlasma-membrane-localized SlSWEET5b facilitates a sequential hexose flux, from phloem to anther cells and from anther locule to pollen, to support pollen maturation and fertility in tomato flowers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ko, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhaus, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.08.30.458256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hexose translocation mediated by SlSWEET5b is required for pollen maturation in Solanum lycopersicum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.07.459236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clustering single cell CITE-seq data with a canonical correlation based deep learning method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.07.459236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell sequencing examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. It provides researchers a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. CITE-seq, or Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by sequencing, is one of the latest innovations in the domain of single cell sequencing. It enables researchers to simultaneously capture RNA and surface protein expression on the same cells so that we can correlate the two data types, identify biomarkers and better characterize cell phenotypes. Although multi-omics sequencing technologies developed rapidly, data analyzing methods tailored for multiomics sequencing data are lacking. Several serious problems have to be faced. An important one is how to integrate the information from different modalities, namely scRNA and protein data, efficiently.

In this paper, we introduce a canonical correlation based deep learning method called scCTClust for clustering analysis over CITE-seq data. We impute and extract the characteristics of the high dimensional RNA part of data with a ZINB model-based autoencoder. A t-kernel distance is introduced to measure the similarity between query cell and cluster centroids. And the protein data rectifies the feature extraction of scRNA data in a canonical correlation analysis(CCA) way. Extensive data experiments shows that scCTClust can precisely recover the dropout values for RNA sequencing data and extract authentic information from both modalities, getting a much better clustering result than state-of-the-art methods, no matter single-omic or multi-omics clustering algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Musu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.07.459236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clustering single cell CITE-seq data with a canonical correlation based deep learning method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The chromatin-remodeling enzyme Smarca5 regulates erythrocyte aggregation via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although thrombosis has been extensively studied using various animal models, however, our understanding of the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, using zebrafish model, we demonstrated that smarca5-deficient red blood cells (RBCs) formed blood clots in the caudal vein plexus that mimics venous thrombosis. We further used the anti-thrombosis drugs to treat smarca5zko1049a embryos and found that a thrombin inhibitor, argatroban, partially prevented blood clot formation in smarca5zko1049a. To explore the regulatory mechanism of smarca5 in RBC homeostasis, we profiled the chromatin accessibility landscape and transcriptome features in RBCs from smarca5zko1049a and their siblings and found that both the chromatin accessibility at the keap1a promoter and expression of keap1a were decreased. Keap1 is a suppressor protein of Nrf2, which is a major regulator of oxidative responses. We further identified that the expression of hmox1a, a downstream target of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, was markedly increased upon smarca5 deletion. Importantly, overexpression of keap1a or knockdown of hmox1a partially rescued the blood clot formation, suggesting that the disrupted Keap1-Nrf2 signaling is responsible for the venous thrombosis-like phenotypes in smarca5 mutants. Together, our study using zebrafish smarca5 mutants not only characterizes a novel role for smarca5 in blood clot formation, but also provides a new venous thrombosis animal model to support drug screening and pre-clinical therapeutic assessments to treat thrombosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cliff Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The chromatin-remodeling enzyme Smarca5 regulates erythrocyte aggregation via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
α-/γ-Taxilin are required for centriolar subdistal appendage assembly and microtubule organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.08.459392v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The centrosome, composed of a pair of centrioles (mother and daughter centrioles) and pericentriolar material, is mainly responsible for microtubule nucleation and anchorage in animal cells. The subdistal appendage (SDA) is a centriolar structure located at the subdistal region on the mother centriole, and it functions in microtubule anchorage. However, the molecular composition and detailed structure of SDA remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a-taxilin and r-taxilin as new SDA components, which form a complex via their coiled-coil domains and serve as a new subgroup during SDA hierarchical assembly. Their SDA localization is dependent on ODF2, and -taxilin recruits CEP170 to the SDA. Functional analyses suggest that -taxilin and {gamma}-taxilin are responsible for centrosomal microtubule anchorage during interphase, as well as for proper spindle orientation during metaphase. Altogether, our results shed light on the molecular components and functional understanding of the SDA hierarchical assembly and microtubule organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.08.459392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[α-/γ-Taxilin are required for centriolar subdistal appendage assembly and microtubule organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Even allocation of benefits stabilizes microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.10.459869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic division of labor (MDOL) is commonly observed in microbial communities, where a metabolic pathway is sequentially implemented by several members similar to an assembly line. Uncovering the assembly rules of the community engaged in MDOL is crucial for understanding its ecological contribution, as well as for engineering high-performance microbial communities. To investigate the assembly of the community engaged in MDOL, we combined mathematical modelling with experimentations using synthetic microbial consortia. We built a theoretical framework predict the assembly of MDOL system, and derived a simple rule: to maintain co-existence of the MDOL members, the populations responsible for former steps should hold a growth advantage (m) over the  private benefit (n) of the population responsible for last step, and the steady-state frequency of the last population is determined by the quotient of n and m. Our experiments further indicated that our theoretical framework accurately predicted the stability and assembly of our engineered synthetic consortia that degrade naphthalene through two-step or multi-step MDOL. Our results demonstrate that the assembly of microbial community engaged in MDOL is determined by a limited number of parameters. This quantitative understanding provides novel insights on designing and managing stable microbial systems to address grand challenges facing human society in agriculture, degradation of the environment, and human health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.10.459869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Even allocation of benefits stabilizes microbial community engaged in metabolic division of labor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProtAnno, an Automated Cell Type Annotation Tool for Single Cell Proteomics Data that Integrates Information from Multiple Reference Sources 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared with sequencing-based global genomic profiling, cytometry labels targeted surface markers on millions of cells in parallel either by conjugated rare earth metal particles or Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) barcodes. Correct annotation of these cells to specific cell types is a key step in the analysis of these data. However, there is no computational tool that automatically annotates single cell proteomics data for cell type inference. In this manuscript, we propose an automated single cell proteomics data annotation approach called ProtAnno to facilitate cell type assignments without laborious manual gating. ProtAnno is designed to incorporate information from annotated single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), CITE-seq, and prior data knowledge (which can be imprecise) on biomarkers for different cell types. We have performed extensive simulations to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of ProtAnno. For several single cell proteomics datasets that have been manually labeled, ProtAnno was able to correctly label most single cells. In summary, ProtAnno offers an accurate and robust tool to automate cell type annotations for large single cell proteomics datasets, and the analysis of such annotated cell types can offer valuable biological insights.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumida, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unterman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hafler, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cruz, C. S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaminski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lucas, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProtAnno, an Automated Cell Type Annotation Tool for Single Cell Proteomics Data that Integrates Information from Multiple Reference Sources]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Secretin channel-interactors prevent antibiotic influx during type IV pili assembly in P. aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.13.460190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type IV pili (T4P) are important virulence factors involved in host attachment and other aspects of bacterial pathogenesis. In Gram-negative bacteria, the T4P filament is polymerized from pilin subunits at the platform complex in the inner membrane (IM) and exits the outer membrane (OM) through the OM secretin channel. Although essential for T4P assembly and function, the OM secretin complexes can potentially impair the permeability barrier function of the OM and allow the entry of antibiotics and other toxic molecules. The mechanism by which Gram-negative bacteria prevent secretin-mediated OM leakage is currently not well understood. Here, we report a discovery of SlkA and SlkB (PA5122 and PA5123) that prevent permeation of several classes of antibiotics through the secretin channel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili. We found these periplasmic proteins interact with the OM secretin complex and prevent toxic molecules from entering through the channel when there is a problem in the assembly of the T4P IM subcomplexes or when docking between the OM and IM complexes is defective. Thus, our results indicate that the secretin channel-interacting proteins play an important role in maintaining the OM permeability barrier, suggesting they may be attractive targets for potentiators that sensitize Gram-negative pathogens to antibiotics that are normally ineffective at penetrating the OM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, O. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sher, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.-o.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.13.460190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Secretin channel-interactors prevent antibiotic influx during type IV pili assembly in P. aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Principles governing the topological organization of object selectivities in ventral temporal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To achieve the computational goal of rapidly recognizing miscellaneous objects in the environment despite large variations in their appearance, our mind represents objects in a high-dimensional object space to provide separable category information and enable the extraction of different kinds of information necessary for various levels of the visual processing. To implement this abstract and complex object space, the ventral temporal cortex (VTC) develops different object-selective regions with certain topological organization as the physical substrate. However, the principle that governs the topological organization of object selectivities in the VTC remains unclear. Here, equipped with the wiring cost minimization principle constrained by the wiring length of neurons in human temporal lobe, we constructed a hybrid self-organizing map (SOM) model as an artificial VTC (VTC-SOM) to explain how the abstract and complex object space is faithfully implemented in the brain. In two in silico experiments with the empirical brain imaging and single-unit data, our VTC-SOM predicted the topological structure of fine-scale functional regions (face-, object-, body-, and place-selective regions) and the boundary (i.e., middle Fusiform Sulcus) in large-scale abstract functional maps (animate vs. inanimate, real-word large-size vs. small-size, central vs. peripheral), with no significant loss in functionality (e.g., categorical selectivity, a hierarchy of view-invariant representations). These findings illustrated that the simple principle utilized in our model, rather than multiple hypotheses such as temporal associations, conceptual knowledge, and computational demands together, was apparently sufficient to determine the topological organization of object-selectivities in the VTC. In this way, the high-dimensional object space is implemented in a two-dimensional cortical surface of the brain faithfully.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Principles governing the topological organization of object selectivities in ventral temporal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into dynamic mutual regulation of USP14 and proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.15.460436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteasomal degradation of ubiquitylated proteins is sophisticatedly regulated at multiple levels1-3. A primary regulatory checkpoint is the removal of ubiquitin chains from substrates by the deubiquitylating enzyme USP14 that associates reversibly with the proteasome. How USP14 is activated and regulates the proteasome function remains unknown4-7. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human USP14 in complex with the 26S proteasome in nine conformational states at 3.0-3.6 [A] resolution, captured during polyubiquitylated protein degradation. Time-resolved cryo-EM analysis of the conformational continuum revealed two parallel pathways of proteasome state transitions induced by USP14 and captured transient conversion of substrate-engaged intermediates into substrate-inhibited intermediates. On the substrate-engaged pathway, USP14 activation allosterically reprograms conformational landscape of the AAA-ATPase motor and stimulates opening of the core particle gate8-10, enabling observation of a near-complete cycle of asymmetric ATP hydrolysis around the ATPase ring during processive substrate unfolding. Dynamic USP14-ATPase interactions decouple the ATPase activity from RPN11-catalysed deubiquitylation11-13 and kinetically introduce three regulatory checkpoints on the proteasome, at the steps of ubiquitin recognition, substrate translocation initiation and ubiquitin chain recycling. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the complete functional cycles of USP14-regulated proteasome and of USP14 activation-deubiquitylation-disassembly and establish mechanistic foundations for USP14-targeted therapeutic discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finley, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.15.460436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into dynamic mutual regulation of USP14 and proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ppGpp Is Present in, and Regulates Sleep of, Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discovery of molecules in living systems and demonstration of their functional roles are pivotal in furthering our understanding of the molecular basis of biology. ppGpp (guanosine-5-diphosphate, 3-diphosphate) has been detected in prokaryotes for more than five decades. Here we report that a genetic screen followed by chemical analysis revealed the presence of ppGpp in Drosophila. It can be detected in germ-free Drosophila and its level is controlled by an enzyme encoded by the mesh1 gene in Drosophila. Loss of function mutations in mesh1, which encoded the ppGpp degrading enzyme led to longer sleep latency and less total sleep. These phenotypes could be rescued by wild type mesh1, but not by the enzymatically defective mutant Mesh1E66A, functionally implicating ppGpp. Ectopic expression of RelA, the E. coli synthetase for ppGpp, phenocopied mesh1 knockout mutants, whereas overexpression of mesh1 resulted in the opposite phenotypes, supporting that ppGpp is both necessary and sufficient in sleep regulation. mesh1 is expressed in a specific population of neurons, and a chemoconnectomic screen followed by genetic intersection experiments implicate the pars intercerebralis (PI) as the site of ppGpp function. Our results have thus revealed that ppGpp is present in animals after long lag since its discovery in bacteria. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that ppGpp in a specific subset of neurons plays a physiological role in regulating sleep. We speculate that ppGpp may play function in mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, H. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.460595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ppGpp Is Present in, and Regulates Sleep of, Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Increased Activation in the Fusiform Face Area to Greebles is a Result of Expertise Training, Not by its Face-likeness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.16.460714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In 2011, Brants, Wagemans, & Op de Beeck (JOCN 23:12, pp. 3949-3958) trained eight individuals to become Greeble experts, and found neuronal inversion effects [NIEs; i.e., higher Fusiform Face Area (FFA) activity for upright, rather than inverted Greebles]. These effects were also found for faces, both before and after training. By claiming to have replicated the seminal Greeble training study (i.e., Gauthier, Tarr, Anderson, Skudlarski, & Gore, 1999, Nat Neurosci, 2, 568-573), Brants et al. interpreted these results as participants viewing Greebles as faces throughout training, contrary to the original argument of subjects becoming Greeble experts only after training. However, such a claim presents two issues. First, the behavioral training results of Brants et al. did not replicate those of Gauthier et al (1999), raising concerns of whether the right training regime had been adopted. Second, both a literature review and meta-analysis of NIE in the FFA suggest its unreliability as an index of face(-like) processing. To empirically evaluate these issues, the present study compared two documented training paradigms (i.e., Gauthier & Tarr, 1997, Vision Res, 37, 1673-1682; and Gauthier, Williams, Tarr, & Tanaka, 1998, Vision Res, 38, 2401-2428) and explored their impact on the FFA. The results showed significant increases in the FFA for Greebles, and a clear neural "adaptation" (i.e., decreased activity for faces following Greebles, but not following non-face objects, in the FFA) both only in the Gauthier97 group, and only after training, reflecting clear modulation of expertise following "appropriate" training. In both groups, no clear NIE for faces nor Greebles were found. Collectively, these data invalidate the two assumptions behind the Brants et al. findings, and provide not only the updated support, but also the new evidence, for the perceptual expertise hypothesis of FFA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.460714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Increased Activation in the Fusiform Face Area to Greebles is a Result of Expertise Training, Not by its Face-likeness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.20.461016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) creates a map of local space, based on the firing patterns of grid, head direction (HD), border, and object-vector (OV) cells. How these cell types are organized anatomically is debated. In-depth analysis of this question requires collection of precise anatomical and activity data across large populations of neurons during unrestrained behavior, which neither electrophysiological nor previous imaging methods fully afford. Here we examined the topographic arrangement of spatially modulated neurons in MEC and adjacent parasubiculum using miniaturized, portable two-photon microscopes, which allow mice to roam freely in open fields. Grid cells exhibited low levels of co-occurrence with OV cells and clustered anatomically, while border, HD and OV cells tended to intermingle. These data suggest that grid-cell networks might be largely distinct from those of border, HD and OV cells and that grid cells exhibit strong coupling among themselves but weaker links to other cell types.

Highlights- Grid and object vector cells show low levels of regional co-occurrence
- Grid cells exhibit the strongest tendency to cluster among all spatial cell types
- Grid cells stay separate from border, head direction and object vector cells
- The territories of grid, head direction and border cells remain stable over weeks
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Obenhaus, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobsen, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donato, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonhoeffer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, M.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moser, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.20.461016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.460794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PCDH7 Promotes Cell Migration by Regulating Myosin Activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.21.460794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell migration requires spatiotemporally coordinated activities of multicomponent structures including the actomyosin cortex, plasma membrane, adhesion complexes and the polarity proteins. How they function together to drive this complex dynamic process remains an outstanding question. Here, we show that a member of the protocadherin family, PCDH7 displays a polarized localization in migratory cells with a dynamic enrichment at the leading and rear edges. Perturbation of PCDH7 interferes with the migration of nontransformed retinal pigment epithelial cells and the invasion of cancer cells. The overexpression of PCDH7 enhances the migration capability of cortical neurons in vivo. PCDH7 interacts with the myosin phosphatase subunits MYPT1 and PP1c{beta}. Ectopic expression of PCDH7 enhances the MYPT1 inhibitory phosphorylation levels and the phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain and ERM at the polarized cortex. The chemical inhibition of phosphatase activity recovers migration phenotypes of PCDH7 knockout cells. We propose that PCDH7 regulates phosphorylation thus the activity of myosin and ERM at the polarized cortex through its interaction with myosin phosphatase. Collectively, our study suggests a new component for the spatial coordination of the plasma membrane and the cortex during cell migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qureshi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinko, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayraktar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkaya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamacioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uretmen, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bozluolcay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.21.460794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PCDH7 Promotes Cell Migration by Regulating Myosin Activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461487v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ratiometric RNA labeling allows dynamic multiplexed analysis of gene circuits in single cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.23.461487v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological processes are highly dynamic and are regulated by genes that connect with one and another, forming regulatory circuits and networks. Understanding how gene regulatory circuits operate dynamically requires monitoring the expression of multiple genes in the same cell. However, it is limited by the relatively few distinguishable fluorescent proteins. Here, we developed a multiplexed real-time transcriptional imaging method based on two RNA stem-loop binding proteins, and employed it to analyze the temporal dynamics of synthetic gene circuits. By incorporating different ratios of MS2 and PP7 stem-loops, we were able to monitor the real-time nascent transcriptional activities of up to five genes in the same cell using only two fluorescent proteins. Applying this multiplexing capability to synthetic linear or branched gene regulatory cascades revealed that propagation of transcriptional dynamics is enhanced by non-stationary dynamics and is dictated by the slowest regulatory branch in the presence of combinatorial regulation. Mathematical modeling provided further insight into temporal multi-gene interactions and helped to understand potential challenges in regulatory inference using snapshot single-cell data. Ratiometric multiplexing should scale exponentially with additional labelling channels, providing a way to track the dynamics of larger circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elowitz, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.23.461487</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ratiometric RNA labeling allows dynamic multiplexed analysis of gene circuits in single cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.26.461876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold 2 applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.26.461876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most proteins fold into 3D structures that determine how they function and orchestrate the biological processes of the cell. Recent developments in computational methods have led to protein structure predictions that have reached the accuracy of experimentally determined models. While this has been independently verified, the implementation of these methods across structural biology applications remains to be tested. Here, we evaluate the use of AlphaFold 2 (AF2) predictions in the study of characteristic structural elements; the impact of missense variants; function and ligand binding site predictions; modelling of interactions; and modelling of experimental structural data. For 11 proteomes, an average of 25% additional residues can be confidently modelled when compared to homology modelling, identifying structural features rarely seen in the PDB. AF2-based predictions of protein disorder and protein complexes surpass state-of-the-art tools and AF2 models can be used across diverse applications equally well compared to experimentally determined structures, when the confidence metrics are critically considered. In summary, we find that these advances are likely to have a transformative impact in structural biology and broader life science research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akdel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pires, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porta-Pardo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janes, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zalevsky, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meszaros, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Good, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laskowski, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pozzati, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shenoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kundrotas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Serra, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodrigues, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borkakoti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindorff-Larsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durairaj, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascher, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elofsson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Croll, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beltrao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.26.461876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A structural biology community assessment of AlphaFold 2 applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gaussian Network Model Revisited: Effects of Mutation and Ligand Binding on Protein Behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.29.462446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The coarse-grained Gaussian Network model, GNM, considers only the alpha carbons of the folded protein. Therefore it is not directly applicable to the study of mutation or ligand binding problems where atomic detail is required. This shortcoming is improved by including the local effect of heavy atoms in the neighborhood of each alpha carbon into the Kirchoff Adjacency Matrix. The presence of other atoms in the coordination shell of each alpha carbon diminishes the magnitude of fluctuations of that alpha carbon. But more importantly, it changes the graph-like connectivity structure, i.e., the Kirchoff Adjacency Matrix of the whole system which introduces amino acid specific and position specific information into the classical coarse-grained GNM which was originally modelled in analogy with phantom network theory of rubber elasticity. With this modification, it is now possible to make predictions on the effects of mutation and ligand binding on residue fluctuations and their pair-correlations. We refer to the new model as  all-atom GNM. Using examples from published data we show that the all-atom GNM applied to in silico mutated proteins and to their laboratory mutated structures gives similar results. Thus, loss and gain of correlations, which may be related to loss and gain of function, may be studied by using simple in silico mutations only.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.09.29.462446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gaussian Network Model Revisited: Effects of Mutation and Ligand Binding on Protein Behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462870v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Postsynaptic synucleins mediate vesicular exocytosis of endocannabinoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.04.462870v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two seemingly unrelated questions have long motivated studies in neuroscience: How are endocannabinoids, among the most powerful modulators of synaptic transmission, released from neurons? What are the physiological functions of synucleins, key contributors to Parkinsons Disease? Here, we report an unexpected convergence of these two questions: Endocannabinoids are released via vesicular exocytosis from postsynaptic neurons by a synuclein-dependent mechanism. Specifically, we find that deletion of all synucleins selectively blocks all endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic plasticity; this block is reversed by postsynaptic expression of wildtype but not of mutant -synuclein. Loading postsynaptic neurons with endocannabinoids via patch-pipette dialysis suppressed presynaptic neurotransmitter release in wildtype but not in synuclein-deficient neurons, suggesting that the synuclein deletion blocks endocannabinoid release. Direct optical monitoring of endocannabinoid release confirmed the requirement of synucleins. Given the role of synucleins in vesicular exocytosis, the requirement for synucleins in endocannabinoid release indicates that endocannabinoids are secreted via exocytosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, postsynaptic expression of tetanus-toxin light chain, which cleaves synaptobrevin SNAREs, also blocked endocannabinoid-dependent plasticity and release. The unexpected finding that endocannabinoids are released via synuclein-dependent exocytosis assigns a function to synucleins and resolves a longstanding puzzle of how neurons release endocannabinoids to induce synaptic plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albarran, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudhof, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.04.462870</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Postsynaptic synucleins mediate vesicular exocytosis of endocannabinoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vernalization-triggered expression of the antisense transcript COOLAIR is mediated by CBF genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.07.463455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To synchronize flowering time with spring, many plants undergo vernalization, a floral-promotion process triggered by exposure to long-term winter cold. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this is achieved through cold-mediated epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). COOLAIR, a cold-induced antisense RNA transcribed from the FLC locus, has been proposed to facilitate FLC silencing. Here, we show that C-repeat (CRT)/dehydration-responsive elements (DREs) at the 3'-end of FLC and CRT/DRE-binding factors (CBFs) are required for cold-mediated expression of COOLAIR. CBFs bind to CRT/DREs at the 3'-end of FLC, both in vitro and in vivo, and CBF levels increase gradually during vernalization. Cold-induced COOLAIR expression is severely impaired in cbfs mutants in which all CBF genes are knocked-out. Conversely, CBF-overexpressing plants show increased COOLAIR levels even at warm temperatures. We show that COOLAIR is induced by CBFs during early stages of vernalization but COOLAIR levels decrease in later phases as FLC chromatin transitions to an inactive state to which CBFs can no longer bind. We also demonstrate that cbfs and FLC{Delta}COOLAIR mutants exhibit a normal vernalization response despite their inability to activate COOLAIR expression during cold, revealing that COOLAIR is not required for the vernalization process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeon, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.07.463455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vernalization-triggered expression of the antisense transcript COOLAIR is mediated by CBF genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nanchangmycin regulates FYN, FAK and ERK to control the fibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic liver injury causes fibrosis, characterized by the formation of scar tissue resulting from excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) myofibroblasts are the primary cell type responsible for liver fibrosis, yet there are currently no therapies directed at inhibiting the activity of HSC myofibroblasts. To search for potential anti-fibrotic drugs, we performed a high-throughput compound screen in primary human HSC myofibroblasts and identified 19 small molecules that induce HSC inactivation, including the polyether ionophore nanchangmycin (NCMC). NCMC induces lipid re-accumulation while reducing collagen expression, deposition of collagen in the extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and migration. We find that NCMC increases cytosolic Ca2+ and reduces the phosphorylated protein levels of FYN, FAK, ERK1/2, HSP27 and STAT5B. Further, depletion of each of these kinases suppress COL1A1 expression. These studies reveal a signaling network triggered by NCMC to inactivate HSC myofibroblasts and reduce expression of proteins that compose the fibrotic scar. The identification of the antifibrotic effects of NCMC and the pathways by which NCMC inhibits fibrosis provides new tools and therapeutic targets to combat the development and progression of liver fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pantano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, R.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pondick, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirchner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrobel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bieler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho Sui, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doerner, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rippmann, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nanchangmycin regulates FYN, FAK and ERK to control the fibrotic activity of hepatic stellate cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive chromatin silencing of ABA biosynthesis gene permits seed germination in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seed germination represents a major developmental switch in plants that is vital to agricultural, but how this process is controlled at the chromatin level remains obscure. Here we demonstrate that successful germination in Arabidopsis requires a chromatin mechanism that progressively silences NCED6, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, through the cooperative action of the RNA-binding protein RZ-1 and the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Simultaneous inactivation of RZ-1 and PRC2 blocks germination and synergistically derepresses NCEDs and hundreds of genes. At NCED6, by promoting H3 deacetylation and suppressing H3K4me3, RZ-1 facilitates transcriptional silencing and also a H3K27me3 accumulation process that occurs during seed germination and early seedling growth. Genome-wide analysis reveals RZ-1 is preferentially required for transcriptional silencing of many PRC2 targets early during seed germination when H3K27me3 is not yet established. We propose RZ-1 confers a novel silencing mechanism to compensate and coordinate with PRC2. Our work highlights the progressive chromatin silencing of ABA biosynthesis genes via synergized action of the RNA-binding protein RZ1 and PRC2, which is vital for seed germination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive chromatin silencing of ABA biosynthesis gene permits seed germination in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo emergence of high-level resistance during treatment reveals the first identified mechanism of amphotericin B resistance in Candida auris 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.08.463721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candida auris has emerged as a healthcare-associated and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen of great clinical concern. While as much as 50% of C. auris clinical isolates are reported to be resistant to amphotericin B, to date, no mechanisms contributing to this resistance have been identified. We report here mutations in the C. auris sterol-methyltransferase gene, ERG6, as the first identified mechanism of amphotericin B resistance in this emerging pathogen and describe the clinical case in which this high-level amphotericin B resistance was acquired in vivo during therapy. Whole genome sequencing revealed the four C. auris isolates obtained from this single patient case to be genetically related and identified a mutation in ERG6 as being associated with amphotericin B resistance. Cas9-mediated genetic manipulations confirmed this mutation alone to confer a >32-fold increase in amphotericin B resistance, and comprehensive sterol profiling revealed an abrogation of ergosterol biosynthesis and a corresponding accumulation of cholesta-type sterols in isolates and strains harboring the clinically derived ERG6 mutation. Together these findings represent the first significant step forward in the understanding of clinical amphotericin B resistance in C. auris.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rybak, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parker, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokaddas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdullah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elhagracy, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuomo, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rogers, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.08.463721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo emergence of high-level resistance during treatment reveals the first identified mechanism of amphotericin B resistance in Candida auris]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.463758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylome inheritance and enhancer dememorization reset an epigenetic gate safeguarding embryonic programs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.10.463758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drastic epigenetic reprogramming is essential to convert terminally-differentiated gametes to totipotent embryos. However, it remains puzzling why post-fertilization global DNA reprogramming occurs only in mammals but not in non-mammalian vertebrates. In zebrafish, global methylome inheritance is however accompanied by sweeping enhancer "dememorization" as they become fully methylated. By depleting maternal dnmt1 using oocyte microinjection in situ, we eliminated DNA methylation in zebrafish early embryos, which died around gastrulation with severe differentiation defects. Strikingly, methylation deficiency leads to extensive derepression of adult tissue-specific genes and CG-rich enhancers, which acquire ectopic TF binding and, unexpectedly, H3K4me3. By contrast, embryonic enhancers are generally CG-poor and evade DNA methylation repression. Hence, global DNA hypermethylation inheritance coupled with enhancer dememorization installs an epigenetic gate that safeguards embryonic programs and ensures temporally ordered gene expression. We propose that "enhancer dememorization" underlies and unifies distinct epigenetic reprogramming modes in early development between mammals and non-mammals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakamura, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeda, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.10.463758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylome inheritance and enhancer dememorization reset an epigenetic gate safeguarding embryonic programs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (ca 4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.11.463980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular shell rings along the Atlantic Coast of southeastern North America are the remnants of some of the earliest villages that emerged during the Late Archaic Period (5000 - 3000 BP). Many of these villages, however, were abandoned during the Terminal Late Archaic Period (ca 3800 - 3000 BP). Here, we combine Bayesian chronological modeling with multiple environmental proxies to understand the nature and timing of environmental change associated with the emergence and abandonment of shell ring villages on Sapleo Island, Georgia. Our Bayesian models indicate that Native Americans occupied the three Sapelo shell rings at varying times with some generational overlap. By the end of the complexs occupation, only Ring III was occupied before abandonment ca. 3845 BP. Ring III also consists of statistically smaller oysters (Crassostrea virginica) that people harvested from less saline estuaries compared to earlier occupations. These data, when integrated with recent tree ring analyses, show a clear pattern of environmental instability throughout the period in which the rings were occupied. We argue that as the climate became unstable around 4300 BP, aggregation at shell ring villages provided a way to effectively manage fisheries that are highly sensitive to environmental change. However, with the eventual collapse of oyster fisheries and subsequent rebound in environmental conditions ca. 3800 BP, people dispersed from shell rings, and shifted to non-marine subsistence economies and other types of settlements. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence correlations between large-scale environmental change and societal transformations on the Georgia coast during the Late Archaic period.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garland, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanger, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrus, F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawres, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Napora, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calaninno, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Compton, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadden, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkinsky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maddox, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lulewicz, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.11.463980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (ca 4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.463948v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prion-like α-synuclein pathology in the brains of infants: Krabbe disease as a novel seed-competent α-synucleinopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.463948v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Krabbe disease (KD) is an infantile neurodegenerative disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the GALC gene which causes accumulation of the toxic sphingolipid psychosine. GALC variants are associated with increased risk of Lewy body diseases (LBD), an umbrella term for age-associated neurodegenerative diseases in which the protein -synuclein aggregates into Lewy bodies. To explore whether -synuclein in KD has pathological similarities to that in LBD, we compared post-mortem KD tissue to that of infant control cases and identified alterations to -synuclein localisation and expression of modifications associated with LBD. To determine whether -synuclein in KD displayed pathogenic properties associated with LBD we evaluated its seeding capacity using the real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. Strikingly, seeded aggregation of -synuclein resulted in the formation of fibrillar aggregates similar to those observed in LBD, confirming the prion-like capacity of KD-derived -synuclein. These observations constitute the first report of prion-like -synuclein in the brain tissue of infants and challenge the putative view that -synuclein pathology is merely an age-associated phenomenon, instead suggesting it can result from alterations to biological processes such as sphingolipid homeostasis. Our findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying Lewy body formation in LBD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hatton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghanem, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koss, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdi, I. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbons, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerreiro, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bras, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>International DLB Genetics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelpi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heywood, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Outeiro, T. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Attems, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsyth, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Agnaf, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erskine, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.463948</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prion-like α-synuclein pathology in the brains of infants: Krabbe disease as a novel seed-competent α-synucleinopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464047v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling homing suppression gene drive in haplodiploid organisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.12.464047v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drives have shown great promise for suppression of pest populations. These engineered alleles can function by a variety of mechanisms, but the most common is the CRISPR homing drive, which converts wild-type alleles to drive alleles in the germline of heterozygotes. Some potential target species are haplodiploid, in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and thus have only one copy of each chromosome. This prevents drive conversion, a substantial disadvantage compared to diploids where drive conversion can take place in both sexes. Here, we study homing suppression gene drives in haplodiploids and find that a drive targeting a female fertility gene could still be successful. However, such drives are less powerful than in diploids and suffer more from functional resistance alleles. They are substantially more vulnerable to high resistance allele formation in the embryo due to maternally deposited Cas9 and gRNA and also to somatic cleavage activity. Examining spatial models where organisms move over a continuous landscape, we find that haplodiploid suppression drives surprisingly perform nearly as well as in diploids, possibly due to their ability to spread further before inducing strong suppression. Together, these results indicate that gene drive can potentially be used to effectively suppress haplodiploid populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.12.464047</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling homing suppression gene drive in haplodiploid organisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcium-independent but voltage-dependent secretion (CiVDS) mediates synaptic transmission in a mammalian central synapse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.13.464194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central principle of synaptic transmission is that action potential-induced presynaptic neurotransmitter release occurs exclusively via Ca2+-dependent secretion (CDS). The discovery and mechanistic investigations of Ca2+-independent but voltage-dependent secretion (CiVDS) have demonstrated that the action potential per se is sufficient to trigger neurotransmission in the somata of primary sensory and sympathetic neurons in mammals. One key question remains, however, whether CiVDS contributes to central synaptic transmission. Here we report, in the central transmission from presynaptic (dorsal root ganglion) to postsynaptic (spinal dorsal horn) neurons, (1) excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) are mediated by glutamate transmission through both CiVDS (up to 87%) and CDS; (2) CiVDS-EPSCs are independent of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+; (3) CiVDS is >100 times faster than CDS in vesicle recycling with much less short-term depression; (4) the fusion machinery of CiVDS includes Cav2.2 (voltage sensor) and SNARE (fusion pore). Together, an essential component of activity-induced EPSCs is mediated by CiVDS in a central synapse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.13.464194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcium-independent but voltage-dependent secretion (CiVDS) mediates synaptic transmission in a mammalian central synapse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibiting ACSL1 related ferroptosis restrains MHV-A59 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.14.464337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) belongs to the {beta} -coronavirus and is considered as a representative model for studying coronavirus infection. MHV-A59 was shown to induce pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis of infected cells, especially the murine macrophages. However, whether ferroptosis, a recently identified form of lytic cell death, was involved in the pathogenicity of MHV-A59, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate inhibiting ferroptosis suppresses MHV-A59 infection. MHV-A59 infection upregulates the expression of Acsl1, a novel ferroptosis inducer. MHV-A59 upregulates Acsl1 expression depending on the NF-kB activation, which is TLR4-independent. Ferroptosis inhibitor inhibits viral propagation, inflammatory cytokines release and MHV-A59 infection induced cell syncytia formation. ACSL1 inhibitor Triacsin C suppresses MHV-A59 infection induced syncytia formation and viral propagation. In vivo administration of liproxstatin-1 ameliorates lung inflammation and tissue injuries caused by MHV-A59 infection. Collectively, these results indicate that ferroptosis inhibition protects hosts from MHV-A59 infection. Targeting ferroptosis may serves as a potential treatment approach for dealing with hyper-inflammation induced by coronavirus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.14.464337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibiting ACSL1 related ferroptosis restrains MHV-A59 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Functional Brain Reconfiguration During Sustained Pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.16.464642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPain is constructed through complex interactions among multiple brain systems, but it remains unclear how functional brain network representations are dynamically reconfigured over time while experiencing pain. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in the functional brain networks during 20-min capsaicin-induced sustained orofacial pain. In the early stage, the orofacial areas of the primary somatomotor cortex were separated from the other primary somatomotor cortices and integrated with subcortical and frontoparietal regions, constituting a brain-wide pain supersystem. As pain decreased over time, the subcortical and frontoparietal regions were separated from this pain supersystem and connected to multiple cerebellar regions. Machine-learning models based on these dynamic network features showed significant predictions of changes in pain experience across two independent datasets (n = 48 and 74). This study provides new insights into how multiple brain systems dynamically interact to construct and modulate pain experience, potentially advancing our mechanistic understanding of chronic pain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.16.464642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Functional Brain Reconfiguration During Sustained Pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type IV pilus shapes a "bubble-jet" pattern opposing spatial intermixing of two interacting bacterial populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes are social organisms that commonly live in sessile biofilms. Spatial patterns of populations within biofilms can be an important determinant of community-level properties. The best-studied characteristics of spatial patterns is spatial intermixing of different populations. The specific levels of spatial intermixing critically contribute to how the dynamics and functioning of such communities are governed. However, the precise factors that determine spatial patterns and intermixing remain unclear. Here, we investigated the spatial patterning and intermixing of an engineered synthetic consortium composed of two Pseudomonas stutzeri strains that degrade salicylate via metabolic cross-feeding. We found that the consortium self-organizes across space to form a previously unreported spatial pattern (referred to here as a  bubble-jet pattern) that exhibits a low level of intermixing. Interestingly, when the genes encoding for type IV pili were deleted from both strains, a highly intermixed spatial pattern developed and increased the productivity of the entire community. The intermixed pattern was maintained in a robust manner across a wide range of initial ratios between the two strains. Our findings show that the type IV pilus plays a role in mitigating spatial intermixing of different populations in surface-attached microbial communities, with consequences for governing community-level properties. These insights provide tangible clues for the engineering of synthetic microbial systems that perform highly in spatially structured environments.

ImportanceWhen growing on surfaces, multi-species microbial communities form biofilms that exhibit intriguing spatial patterns. These patterns can significantly affect the overall properties of the community, such as enabling otherwise impermissible metabolic functions to occur, as well as driving the evolutionary and ecological processes acting on communities. The development of these patterns is affected by several drivers, including cell-cell interactions, nutrient levels, density of founding cells and surface properties. The type IV pilus is commonly found to mediate surface-associated behaviors of microorganism, but its role on pattern formation within microbial communities is unclear. Here we report that in a cross-feeding consortium, the type IV pilus affects the spatial intermixing of interacting populations involved in pattern formation, and ultimately influences overall community productivity and robustness. This novel insight assists our understanding of the ecological processes of surface-attached microbial communities and suggests a potential strategy to engineer high-performance synthetic microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type IV pilus shapes a "bubble-jet" pattern opposing spatial intermixing of two interacting bacterial populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors bidirectionally modulate intrinsic excitability of inhibitory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.17.464733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The NMDA subtype glutamate receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Comparing to their critical roles in synaptic modifications and excitotoxicity in the excitatory neurons, much less is understood about the functional contributions of NMDARs to the inhibitory/GABAergic neurons. By using selective NMDAR inhibitors and potentiators, we here show that NMDARs bi-directionally modulate the intrinsic excitability (defined as spontaneous/evoked spiking activity and EPSP-spike coupling) in the inhibitory/GABAergic neurons. This modulation depends on GluN2C/2D-but not GluN2A/2B-containing NMDARs. We further show that NMDAR modulator EU1794-4 mostly enhances extrasynaptic NMDAR activity, and by using it we demonstrate a significant contribution of extrasynaptic NMDARs to the modulation of intrinsic excitability in the inhibitory neurons. Altogether, this bidirectional modulation of intrinsic excitability reveals a previously less appreciated importance of NMDARs in the second-to-second functioning of inhibitory/GABAergic neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zhou, q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.17.464733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors bidirectionally modulate intrinsic excitability of inhibitory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An improved vector for baculovirus-mediated protein production in mammalian cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.18.464913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BacMam system utilizes baculovirus to deliver exogenous genes into mammalian cells and is extensively used for recombinant production of eukaryotic proteins. Here, we described an improved BacMam vector (pBMCL1, Addgene#178203) which allows convenient tracing of virus production, provides higher infection efficiency towards mammalian cells, minimizes unwanted transcription of toxic genes in insect cells, and provides the capability for co-expression of multiple proteins via a single virus. We demonstrate the successful application of the pBMCL1 vector for the expression of not only the human TRPC3 channel but also the heteromeric KATP channel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.18.464913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An improved vector for baculovirus-mediated protein production in mammalian cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The hallucinogenic serotonin2A receptor agonist, DOI, promotes CREB-dependent gene expression of specific plasticity-associated genes in the rodent neocortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Psychedelic compounds that target the 5-HT2A receptor are reported to evoke psychoplastogenic effects, including enhanced dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of neuronal plasticity-associated genes is implicated in the cytoarchitectural effects of serotonergic psychedelics, however the transcription factors that drive this regulation are poorly elucidated. Here, we addressed the contribution of the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the regulation of neuronal plasticity-associated genes by the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist, DOI. In vitro studies with rat cortical neurons indicated that DOI enhances the phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB) through the MAP kinase and CaMKII pathways, with both cascades contributing to the DOI-evoked upregulation of Arc, Bdnf1, Cebpb and Egr2 expression, whilst the upregulation of Egr1 and cFos mRNA involved the MAP kinase and CaMKII pathway respectively. We observed a robust DOI-evoked increase in the expression of several neuronal plasticity-associated genes in the rat neocortex in vivo. Further, 5-HT2A receptor stimulation enhanced pCREB enrichment at putative cAMP response element (CRE) binding sites in the Arc, Bdnf1, Cebpb, cFos, but not Egr1 and Egr2, promoters in the rodent neocortex. The DOI-mediated transcriptional induction of Arc, cFos and Cebpb was significantly attenuated in the neocortex of CREB deficient (CREB{delta} KO) mice. Collectively, these results indicate that the hallucinogenic 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI leads to a rapid transcriptional upregulation of several neuronal plasticity-associated genes, with a subset of them exhibiting a CREB-dependent regulation. Our findings raise the intriguing possibility that similar to slow-acting classical antidepressants, rapid-action serotonergic psychedelics that target the 5-HT2A receptor may also recruit the transcription factor CREB to enhance the expression of neuronal plasticity-associated genes in the neocortex, which could in turn contribute to the rapid psychoplastogenic changes evoked by these compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Desouza, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benekareddy, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanibunda, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blendy, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaidya, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.464691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The hallucinogenic serotonin2A receptor agonist, DOI, promotes CREB-dependent gene expression of specific plasticity-associated genes in the rodent neocortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global distribution of mammal herbivore biomass reveals megafauna extinction patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.19.464976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian herbivores strongly shape Earth system processes. A lack of global dynamic models of mammal populations limits our understanding of their ecological role at large scales and the consequences of their extinctions. We developed a mechanistic global model of terrestrial herbivore populations simulated with 37 functional groups defined by analyzing eco-physiological traits of all extant herbivores (n = 2599). We coupled this model with a global vegetation model to predict herbivores biomass maximum potential (pre-industrial) and at present. Natural ecosystems could have sustained a wild herbivore wet biomass of 330 Mt, comprised of 192 Mt by large (body mass > 5 kg) and 138 Mt by small species. Anthropogenic activity reduced large herbivores biomass by 57%, estimated now at 82 Mt; consequently, small herbivores now dominate global herbivore biomass with 98 Mt (-29%). Losses vary greatly across climatic zones and functional groups, suggesting that size is not the only discriminant feature of biomass decline. Actual evapotranspiration is the most important driver of total, large, and small herbivore biomass and explains 64%, 59%, and 49% of its variation, respectively. Energy and water dependency is high for large herbivores, whose biomass is greater in hot and wet areas, challenging the notion that large herbivore biomass peaks in savannas only. Outside Africa and the Tropics, potential-biomass hotspots occur in areas today dominated by humans; this could undermine the recovery of larger species in certain areas. These herbivore biomass estimates provide a quantitative benchmark for setting conservation and rewilding goals at large spatial scales. The herbivore model and functional classification create new opportunities to integrate mammals into Earth System science and models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Berzaghi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alroy, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciais, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.19.464976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global distribution of mammal herbivore biomass reveals megafauna extinction patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465065v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OsMADS58 stabilizes gene regulatory circuits during rice stamen development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.20.465065v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rice (Oryza sativa) OsMADS58 is a C-class MADS box protein, and characterization of a transposon insertion mutant osmads58 suggested that OsMADS58 plays a role in stamen development. However, as no null mutation has been obtained, its role has remained unclear. Here, we report that the CRISPR knockout mutant osmads58 exhibits complex altered phenotypes, including anomalous diploid germ cell differentiation, aberrant meiosis, and delayed tapetum degeneration. This CRISPR mutant line exhibited stronger changes in expression of OsMADS58 target genes compared with the osmads58 dSpm (transposon insertion) line, along with changes in multiple pathways related to early stamen development. Notably, transcriptional regulatory circuits in young panicles covering the stamen at stages 4-6 were substantially altered in the CRISPR line compared to the dSpm line. These findings strongly suggest that the pleiotropic effects of OsMADS58 on stamen development derive from a potential role in stabilizing gene regulatory circuits during early stamen development. Thus, this work opens new avenues for viewing and deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of early stamen development from a network perspective.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.20.465065</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OsMADS58 stabilizes gene regulatory circuits during rice stamen development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465510v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The behavioral effects of gestational and lactational benzopyrene exposure vary by sex and genotype in mice with differences at the Ahr and Cyp1a2 loci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.465510v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and known carcinogen in the Top 10 on the United States list of priority pollutants. Humans are exposed through a variety of sources including tobacco smoke, grilled foods and fossil fuel combustion. Recent studies of children exposed to higher levels of PAHs during pregnancy and early life have identified numerous adverse effects on the brain and behavior that persist into school age and adolescence. Our studies were designed to look for genotype and sex differences in susceptibility to gestational and lactational exposure to BaP using a mouse model with allelic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2. Pregnant dams were exposed to 10 mg/kg/day of BaP in corn oil-soaked cereal or the corn oil vehicle alone from gestational day 10 until weaning at postnatal day 25. Neurobehavioral testing began at P60 using one male and one female per litter. We found main effects of sex, genotype and treatment as well as significant gene x treatment and sex x treatment interactions. BaP-treated female mice had shorter latencies to fall in the Rotarod test. High-affinity AhrbCyp1a2(-/-) mice had greater impairments in Morris water maze. Interestingly, poor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) mice also had deficits in spatial learning and memory regardless of treatment. We believe our findings provide future directions in identifying human populations at highest risk of early life BaP exposure, because our model mimics known human variation in our genes of interest. Our studies also highlight the value of testing both males and females in all neurobehavioral studies.

HighlightsO_LIGestational and lactational benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure has sex and genotype-specific neurobehavioral effects in mice.
C_LIO_LIFemale mice were more susceptible to motor deficits following developmental BaP exposure. Males were more susceptible to deficits in reversal learning and memory.
C_LIO_LIAhrbCyp1a2(-/-) knockout mice were more susceptible to spatial learning and memory deficits following developmental BaP exposure.
C_LIO_LIPoor-affinity AhrdCyp1a2(-/-) mice had deficits in spatial learning and memory regardless of treatment.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Honaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyntchev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clough, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asiedu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrest, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sene, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullaguru, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niang, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.22.465510</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The behavioral effects of gestational and lactational benzopyrene exposure vary by sex and genotype in mice with differences at the Ahr and Cyp1a2 loci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.464780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Double-check the zebrafish 18s rRNA qPCR primers: they may be wrong 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.23.464780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A widely used qPCR primer for zebrafish gene rna18s (18s rRNA, or 18s), with the sequence of 5-TCGCtaGTtGGCATCGTTTAtG-3, is found to be incorrect. Initially designed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rna18s, the primer has four different nucleotides from the zebrafish sequence 5-TCGCGGGTCGGCATCGTTTACG-3 (indicated in bold/underlined, lowercase letters for rainbow trout and uppercase letters for zebrafish). Since its first use in zebrafish in 2006, this mismatched primer has been clearly stated to be used in at least 50 publications and may have affected hundreds or more in publications citing them. For a sensitive, quantitative method as qPCR, this error must be corrected as soon as possible in the zebrafish community by using rna18s primer sets with accurate sequences, such as those summarized and newly designed in this article.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.23.464780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Double-check the zebrafish 18s rRNA qPCR primers: they may be wrong]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of SAR S-CoV-2 infection and replication by lactoferrin, MUC1 and α-lactalbumin identified in human breastmilk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.29.466402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection confers great threat to the public health. Human breastmilk is an extremely complex with nutritional composition to nourish infants and protect them from different kinds of infection diseases and also SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous studies have found that breastmilk exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is still unknown which component(s) in the breastmilk is responsible for its antiviral activity. Here, we identified Lactoferrin (LF), MUC1 and -Lactalbumin (-LA) from human breastmilk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and in vitro confirmation that inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection and analyzed their antiviral activity using the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system and transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (trVLP) in the Huh7.5, Vero E6 and Caco-2-N cell lines. Additionally, we found that LF and MUC1 could inhibit viral attachment, entry and post-entry replication, while -LA just inhibit viral attachment and entry. Importantly, LF, MUC1 and -LA possess potent antiviral activities towards not only wild-type but also variants such as B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma) and B.1.617.1 (kappa). Moreover, LF from other species (e.g., bovine and goat) is still capable of blocking viral attachment to cellular heparan sulfate. Taken together, our study provided the first line of evidence that human breastmilk components (LF, MUC1 and -LA) are promising therapeutic candidates warranting further development or treatingVID-19 given their exceedingly safety levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.29.466402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of SAR S-CoV-2 infection and replication by lactoferrin, MUC1 and α-lactalbumin identified in human breastmilk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466534v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative model suggests both intrinsic and contextual features contribute to the transcript coding ability determination in cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466534v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene transcription and protein translation are two key steps of the "central dogma". It is still a major challenge to quantitatively deconvolute factors contributing to the coding ability of transcripts in mammals. Here, we propose Ribosome Calculator (RiboCalc) for quantitatively modeling the coding ability of RNAs in human genome. In addition to effectively predicting the experimentally confirmed coding abundance via sequence and transcription features with high accuracy, RiboCalc provides interpretable parameters with biological information. Large-scale analysis further revealed a number of transcripts with a variety of coding ability for distinct types of cells (i.e., context-dependent coding transcripts, CDCTs), suggesting that, contrary to conventional wisdom, a transcripts coding ability should be modeled as a continuous spectrum with a context-dependent nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.30.466534</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative model suggests both intrinsic and contextual features contribute to the transcript coding ability determination in cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466556v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence of an adaptive epigenetic cell state in human bladder urothelial carcinoma evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.30.466556v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of bladder cancer (BLCA) facilitates therapy resistance and immune evasion to affect clinical prognosis directly. However, the molecular and cellular mechanism generating ITH in BLCA remains elusive. Here we show that a TM4SF1-positive cancer subpopulation (TPCS) drives ITH diversification in BLCA. By extensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome of BLCA from 79 donors across all stages, we elucidated the evolution trajectories of luminal and basal BLCA. TPCS emerges from the basal trajectory and shows extensive transcriptional plasticity with a distinct epigenomic landscape. Clinically, TPCS were enriched in advanced stage patients and associated with poor prognosis. Our results showed how cancer adapts to its environment by adopting a stem cell-like epigenomic landscape.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.30.466556</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence of an adaptive epigenetic cell state in human bladder urothelial carcinoma evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding gene regulatory mechanisms based on gene classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CpG dinucleotide and its methylation play vital roles in gene regulation as well as 3D genome organization. Previous studies have divided genes into several categories based on the CpG intensity around transcription starting sites (TSS) and found that housekeeping genes tend to possess high CpG density while tissue-specific genes are generally characterized by low CpG density. In this study, we investigated how the CpG density distribution of a gene affects its transcription and regulation pattern. Based on the CpG density distribution around TSS, the human genes are clearly divided into different categories. Not only sequence properties, these different clusters exhibited distinctly different structural features, regulatory mechanisms, and correlation patterns between expression level and CpG/TpG density. These results emphasized that the usage of epigenetic marks in gene regulation is partially rooted in the sequence property of genes, such as their CpG density distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.31.466641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding gene regulatory mechanisms based on gene classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dominant species determine ecosystem stability across scales in Inner Mongolian grassland 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.31.466650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is an urgent need to extend knowledge on ecosystem temporal stability to larger spatial scales because presently available local-scale studies generally do not provide effective guide for management and conservation decisions at the level of an entire region with diverse plant communities. We investigated temporal stability of plant biomass production across spatial scales and hierarchical levels of community organization and analyzed impacts of dominant species, species diversity and climatic factors using a multi-site survey of Inner Mongolian grassland. We found that temporal stability at a large spatial scale, i.e. a large area aggregating multiple local communities, was related to temporal stability of and asynchrony among spatially separated local communities and large-scale population dynamics of dominant species, yet not to species richness. Additionally, a lower mean and higher variation of yearly precipitation destabilized communities at local and large scales by destabilizing dominant species population dynamics. We argue that, for semi-arid temperate grassland, dynamics and precipitation responses of dominant species and asynchrony among local communities stabilize ecosystems at large spatial scales. Our results indicate that reduced amounts and increased variation of precipitation may present key threats to the sustainable provision of biological products and services to human well-being in this region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.10.31.466650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dominant species determine ecosystem stability across scales in Inner Mongolian grassland]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.06.467421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sleep Need, the Key Regulator of Sleep Homeostasis, Is Indicated and Controlled by Phosphorylation of Threonine 221 in Salt Inducible Kinase 3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.06.467421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep need drives sleep and plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of sleep. So far sleep need can only be inferred by animal behaviors and indicated by electroencephalography (EEG). Here we report that threonine 221 (T221) of the salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3) was important for the catalytic activity and stability of SIK3. T221 phosphorylation in the mouse brain indicates sleep need: more sleep resulting in less phosphorylation and less sleep more phosphorylation during daily sleep/wake cycle and after sleep deprivation (SD). Sleep need was reduced in SIK3 loss of function (LOF) mutants and by T221 mutation to alanine (T221A). Sleep rebound after SD was also decreased in SIK3 LOF and T221A mutant mice. Other kinases such as SIK1 and SIK2 or other sites in SIK3 do not fulfil criteria to be both an indicator and a controller of sleep need. Our results reveal SIK3 T221 phosphorylation as the first and only chemical modification which indicates and controls sleep need.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.06.467421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sleep Need, the Key Regulator of Sleep Homeostasis, Is Indicated and Controlled by Phosphorylation of Threonine 221 in Salt Inducible Kinase 3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleobase clustering contributes to the formation and hollowing of repeat-expansion RNA condensate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.08.467691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA molecules with repeat expansion sequences can phase separate into gel-like condensate, and this process may lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report that in the presence of Mg2+ ion, RNA molecules containing 20xCAG repeats coacervate into filled droplets or hollowed condensate. Using hyperspectral stimulated Raman spectroscopy, we show that RNA coacervation is accompanied by the stacking and clustering of nucleobases, while forfeiting the canonical base-paired structure. At an increasing RNA/Mg2+ ratio, the RNA droplets first expand in sizes, and then shrink and adopt hollow vesicle-like structures. Significantly, for both large and vesicle-like droplets, the nucleobase-clustered structure is more prominent at the rim than at the center, accounting for the rigidification of RNA droplets. Thus, our finding has broad implications for the general aging processes of RNA-containing membrane-less organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.08.467691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleobase clustering contributes to the formation and hollowing of repeat-expansion RNA condensate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Determining the architecture of nuclear ring of Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex using integrated approaches 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large protein assemblies as a physical gate to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, using integrated approaches including cryo-electron microscopy, hybrid homology modeling and cell experiment, we determined the architecture of the nuclear ring (NR) from Xenopus laevis oocytes NPC at subnanometer resolution. In addition to the improvement of the Y complex model, eight copies of Nup205 and ELYS were assigned in NR. Nup205 connects the inner and outer Y complexes and contributes to the assembly and stability of the NR. By interacting with both the inner Nup160 and the nuclear envelope (NE), the N-terminal {beta}-propeller and -solenoid domains of ELYS were found to be essential for accurate assembly of the NPC on the NE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Determining the architecture of nuclear ring of Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex using integrated approaches]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
8 A structure of the nuclear ring of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex solved by cryo-EM and AI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear pore complex (NPC), one of the largest protein complexes in eukaryotes, serves as a physical gate to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we determined the 8 [A] resolution cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure of the nuclear ring (NR) from the Xenopus laevis NPC, with local resolutions reaching 4.9 [A]. With the aid of AlphaFold2, we managed to build a pseudoatomic model of the NR, including the Y complexes and flanking components. In this most comprehensive and accurate model to date, the almost complete Y complex structure exhibits much tighter interaction in the hub region. Each NR asymmetric subunit contains two copies of Y complexes, one copy of Nup205 that connects the Y complexes to the neighbouring complex, one copy of ELYS that stabilizes the long arm region of the inner Y complex, and one copy of newly identified Nup93 that forms a bridge across the stems of Y complexes. These in-depth structural features represent a great advance in understanding the assembly of NPCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[8 A structure of the nuclear ring of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex solved by cryo-EM and AI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
8 A structure of the cytoplasmic ring of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex solved by cryo-EM and AI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As one of the largest protein complexes in eukaryotes, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) forms a conduit regulating nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we determined 8 [A] resolution cryo-electron microscopic (cryo-EM) structure of the cytoplasmic ring (CR) from the Xenopus laevis NPC. With the aid of AlphaFold2, we managed to build a most comprehensive and accurate pseudoatomic model of the CR to date, including the Y complexes and flanking components of Nup358, Nup214 complexes, Nup205 and Nup93. Comparing with previously reported CR model, the Y complex structure in our model exhibits much tighter interactions in the hub region mediated by -solenoid domain in Nup160 C-terminus. Five copies of Nup358 are identified in each CR subunit to provide rich interactions with other Nups in stem regions of Y complexes. Two copies of Nup214 complexes lay in a parallel pattern and attach to the short arm region of Y complexes towards the central channel of NPC. Besides, the structural details of two copies of Nup205 on the side of the short arm region and one copy of Nup93 on the stem region of Y complexes in each CR subunit are also revealed. These in-depth novel structural features represent a great advance in understanding the assembly of NPCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[8 A structure of the cytoplasmic ring of the Xenopus laevis nuclear pore complex solved by cryo-EM and AI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468149v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low frequency somatic copy number alterations in normal human lymphocytes revealed by large scale single-cell whole genome profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468149v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genomic-scale somatic copy number alterations in healthy humans are difficult to investigate because of low occurrence rates and the structural variations stochastic natures. Using a Tn5-transposase assisted single-cell whole genome sequencing method, we sequenced over 20,000 single lymphocytes from 16 individuals. Then, with the scale increased to a few thousand single cells per individual, we found that about 7.5% of the cells had large-size copy number alterations. Trisomy 21 was the most prevalent aneuploid event among all autosomal copy number alterations, while monosomy X occurred most frequently in over-30-year-old females. In the monosomy X single cells from individuals with phased genomes and identified X-inactivation ratios in bulk, the inactive X Chromosomes were lost more often than were the active ones.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468149</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low frequency somatic copy number alterations in normal human lymphocytes revealed by large scale single-cell whole genome profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EBV LMP1-activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 Coordinately Promote Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem Cell Properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.10.468172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with several malignant diseases, including Burkitts lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), certain types of lymphomas, and a portion of gastric cancers. Virus-encoded oncoprotein LMP1 induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to cancer stem cell formation. In the current study, we investigated how LMP1 contributes to cancer stem cell development in NPC. We found that LMP1 plays an essential role in acquiring CSC characteristics, including tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance by activating the PI3K/mTOR/Akt signaling pathway. We dissected the functions of distinct signaling (mTORC1 and mTORC2) in the acquisition of different CSC characteristics. Side population (SP) formation, which represents the chemotherapy resistance feature of CSC, requires mTORC1 signaling. Tumor initiation capability is mainly attributed to mTORC2, which confers on NPC the capabilities of proliferation and survival by activating mTORC2 downstream genes c-Myc. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 enhance cell migration and invasion of NPC cells, suggesting that mTORC1/2 co-regulate metastasis of NPC. The revelation of the roles of the mTOR signaling pathways in distinct tumorigenic features provides a guideline for designing efficient therapies by choosing specific mTOR inhibitors targeting mTORC1, mTORC2, or both to achieve durable remission of NPC in patients.

SignificanceLMP1 endows NPC to gain cancer stem cell characteristics through activating mTORC1 and mTORC2 pathways. The different mTOR pathways are responsible for distinct tumorigenic features. Rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1 is essential for CSC drug resistance. NPC tumor initiation capacity is mainly attributed to mTORC2 signaling. mTORC1 and mTORC2 co-regulate NPC cell migration and invasion. The revelation of the roles of mTOR signaling in NPC CSC establishment has implications for novel therapeutic strategies to treat relapsed and metastatic NPC and achieve durable remission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.10.468172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EBV LMP1-activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 Coordinately Promote Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem Cell Properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scaling between DNA and cell size governs bacterial growth homeostasis and resource allocation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.12.468234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria maintain a stable cell size and a certain DNA content through proliferation as described by classic growth laws. How cells behave when this inherent scaling is broken, however, has rarely been interrogated. Here we engineered Escherichia coli cells with extremely low DNA contents using a tunable synthetic tool CRISPRori that temporarily inhibited chromosome replication initiation. A detailed mechanistic model coupling DNA replication, cell growth, and division revealed a fundamental DNA-centric growth law, which was validated by two observations. First, lineage dynamics were robust to large CRISPRori perturbations with division cycles rapidly restoring through a timer mechanism rather than the adder rule. Second, cellular growth transitioned into a linear regime at low DNA-cytoplasm ratios. Experiments and theory showed that in this regime, cellular resource was redirected to plasmid-borne gene expression. Together with the ability of CRISPRori to bi-directionally modulate plasmid copy numbers, these findings suggest a novel strategy for bio-production enhancement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.468234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scaling between DNA and cell size governs bacterial growth homeostasis and resource allocation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RIF1-ASF1-mediated high-order chromatin structure safeguards genome integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.19.469338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 53BP1-RIF1 pathway antagonizes resection of DNA broken ends and confers PARP inhibitor sensitivity on BRCA1-mutated tumors. However, it is unclear how this pathway suppresses initiation of resection. Here, we identify ASF1 as a partner of RIF1 via an interacting manner similar to its interactions with histone chaperones CAF-1 and HIRA. ASF1 is recruited to distal chromatin flanking DNA breaks by 53BP1-RIF1 and promotes non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) using its histone chaperone activity. Epistasis analysis shows that ASF1 acts in the same NHEJ pathway as RIF1, but via a parallel pathway with the shieldin complex, which suppresses resection after initiation. Moreover, defects in end resection and homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1- deficient cells are largely suppressed by ASF1 deficiency. Mechanistically, ASF1 compacts adjacent chromatin by heterochromatinization to protect broken DNA ends from BRCA1-mediated resection. Taken together, our findings identified a RIF1-ASF1 histone chaperone complex that promotes changes in high-order chromatin structure to stimulate the NHEJ pathway for DSB repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenfeld, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.19.469338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RIF1-ASF1-mediated high-order chromatin structure safeguards genome integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.20.469390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A fast variational algorithm to detect the clonal copy number substructure of tumors from single-cell data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.20.469390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we report Single CEll Variational ANeuploidy analysis (SCEVAN), a fast variational algorithm for the deconvolution of the clonal substructure of tumors from single cell data. It uses a multichannel segmentation algorithm exploiting the assumption that all the cells in a given copy number clone share the same breakpoints. Thus, the smoothed expression profile of every individual cell constitutes part of the evidence of the copy number profile in each subclone. SCEVAN can automatically and accurately discriminate between malignant and non-malignant cells, resulting in a practical framework to analyze tumors and their microenvironment. We apply SCEVAN to several datasets encompassing 106 samples and 93,322 cells from different tumors types and technologies. We demonstrate its application to characterize the intratumor heterogeneity and geographic evolution of malignant brain tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Falco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caruso, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iavarone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceccarelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.20.469390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A fast variational algorithm to detect the clonal copy number substructure of tumors from single-cell data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.23.469726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Flowering Repressor SVP recruits the TOPLESS co-repressor to control flowering in chrysanthemum and Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.23.469726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant flowering time is a consequence of the perception of environmental and endogenous signals. The MCM1-AGAMOUSDEFICIENS-SRF-box (MADS-box) gene SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is a pivotal repressor that negatively regulates the floral transition during the vegetative phase. The transcriptional corepressor TOPLESS (TPL) plays critical roles in many aspects of plant life. An interaction first identified between the second LXLXLX motif (LRLGLP) of CmSVP with CmTPL1-2, which can repress the expression of a key flowering factor CmFTL3 by binding its promotor CArG element in chrysanthemum. Genetic analysis suggested that the CmSVP-CmTPL1-2 transcriptional complex is a prerequisite for SVP to act as a floral repressor, which reduces CmFTL3 transcriptional activity. CmSVP rescued the phenotype of the svp-31 mutant in Arabidopsis, and overexpression of AtSVP or CmSVP in the Arabidopsis dominant negative mutation tpl-1 led to a loss-of-function in late flowering, which confirmed the highly conserved function of SVP in the two completely different species. Thus, we have validated a conserved machinery wherein SVP relies on TPL to inhibit flowering through the direct regulation of FT, which is more meaningful for the evolution of species and could be translated to high-quality cultivation and breeding of crops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.23.469726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Flowering Repressor SVP recruits the TOPLESS co-repressor to control flowering in chrysanthemum and Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.468932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Case Study of High-Throughput Drug Screening and Remote Data Collection for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Using Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.28.468932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since early 2020, COVID-19 has grown to affect the lives of billions globally. A worldwide investigation has been ongoing for characterizing the virus and also for finding an effective drug and developing vaccines. As time has been of the essence, a crucial part of this research has been drug repurposing; therefore, confirmation of in-silico drug screening studies has been carried out for this purpose. Here we demonstrated the possibility of screening a variety of drugs efficiently by leveraging a high data collection rate of 120 images/second with the new low-noise, high dynamic range ePix10k2M Pixel Array Detector installed at the Macromolecular Femtosecond Crystallography (MFX) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) is used for remote high-throughput data collection for drug repurposing of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 at ambient temperature with mitigated X-ray radiation damage. We obtained multiple structures soaked with 9 drug candidate molecules in two crystal forms. Although our drug binding attempts failed, we successfully established a high-throughput Serial Femtosecond X-ray crystallographic (SFX) data collection protocol.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakilkaya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocenler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyukdag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Botha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ketawala, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batyuk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupitz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.28.468932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Case Study of High-Throughput Drug Screening and Remote Data Collection for SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Using Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into the mechanism of nucleotide regulation of pancreatic KATP channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are metabolic sensors that convert the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio to the excitability of cells. They are involved in many physiological processes and implicated in several human diseases. Here we present the cryo-EM structures of the pancreatic KATP channel in both the closed state and the pre-open state, resolved in the same sample. The nucleotides bind at the inhibitory sites of the Kir6.2 channel in the closed state but not in the pre-open state. Structural comparisons reveal the mechanism for ATP inhibition and Mg-ADP activation, two fundamental properties of KATP channels. Moreover, the structure also uncovers the activation mechanism of diazoxide-type KATP openers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.470334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into the mechanism of nucleotide regulation of pancreatic KATP channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GraphPrompt: Biomedical Entity Normalization Using Graph-based Prompt Templates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.29.470486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical entity normalization unifies the language across biomedical experiments and studies, and further enables us to obtain a holistic view of life sciences. Current approaches mainly study the normalization of more standardized entities such as diseases and drugs, while disregarding the more ambiguous but crucial entities such as pathways, functions and cell types, hindering their real-world applications. To achieve biomedical entity normalization on these under-explored entities, we first introduce an expert-curated dataset OBO-syn encompassing 70 different types of entities and 2 million curated entity-synonym pairs. To utilize the unique graph structure in this dataset, we propose GraphPrompt, a promptbased learning approach that creates prompt templates according to the graphs. Graph-Prompt obtained 41.0% and 29.9% improvement on zero-shot and few-shot settings respectively, indicating the effectiveness of these graph-based prompt templates. We envision that our method GraphPrompt and OBO-syn dataset can be broadly applied to graph-based NLP tasks, and serve as the basis for analyzing diverse and accumulating biomedical data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhalerao, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.29.470486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GraphPrompt: Biomedical Entity Normalization Using Graph-based Prompt Templates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of spatiotemporally changing environment on serial dependence in ensemble representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.30.470662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent visual past has a strong impact on our current perception. Recent studies of serial dependence in perception show that low-level adaptation repels our current perception away from previous stimuli1-5 whereas post-perceptual decision attracts perceptual report toward the immediate past6-12. In their studies, these repulsive and attractive biases were observed with different task demands perturbing ongoing sequential process. Therefore, it is unclear whether the opposite biases arise naturally in navigating complex real-life environments. Here we only manipulated the environmental statistics to characterize how serially dependent perceptual decisions unfold in spatiotemporally changing visual environments. During sequential mean orientation adjustment task on the array of Gabor patches, we found that the repulsion effect dominated only when ensemble variance increased across consecutive trials whereas the attraction effect prevailed when ensemble variance decreased or remained the same. The observed attractive bias by high- to-low-variance stimuli and repulsive bias by low-to-high-variance stimuli were reinforced by the repeated exposure to the low and the high ensemble variance, respectively. Further, this variance-dependent differential pattern of serial dependence in ensemble representation remained the same regardless of whether observers had a prior knowledge of environmental statistics or not. We used a Bayesian observer model constrained by visual adaptation13,14 to provide a unifying account of both attractive and repulsive bias in perception. Our results establish that the temporal integration and segregation of visual information is flexibly adjusted through variance adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Son, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, O.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.11.30.470662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of spatiotemporally changing environment on serial dependence in ensemble representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470923v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A nuclear import pathway exploited by viroid RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.470923v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prevailing view regarding intracellular RNA trafficking in eukaryotic cells describes that RNAs transcribed in the nucleus either stay in the nucleus or cross the nuclear envelope entering the cytoplasm for function. Interestingly, emerging evidence illustrates numerous functional RNAs trafficking in the reverse direction from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. However, the mechanism underlying the RNA nuclear import has not been well elucidated. Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. Using nuclear-replicating viroids as a model, we showed that cellular Importin alpha-4 is likely involved in viroid RNA nuclear import, empirically supporting the involvement of Importin-based cellular pathway in RNA nuclear import. We also confirmed the involvement of a cellular protein (Virp1) that binds both Importin alpha-4 and viroids. Furthermore, a conserved C-loop in nuclear-replicating viroids is critical for Virp1 binding. Disrupting C-loop impairs Virp1 binding, viroid nuclear accumulation and infectivity. Further, C-loop exists in a subviral satellite noncoding RNA that relies on Virp1 for nuclear import. These results have significant implications for understanding the infection process of subviral agents. In addition, our data outline a cellular pathway responsible for the nuclear import of RNAs and uncover a 3-dimensional RNA motif-based regulation over RNA nuclear import.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudiyanselage, S. D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takeda, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.470923</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A nuclear import pathway exploited by viroid RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universality and non-universality of the growth law 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.02.471021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An approximately linear relationship between the fraction of ribosomal proteins in the proteome ({phi}R) and the growth rate () holds in proliferating cells when the nutrient quality changes, often referred to as a growth law. While a simple model assuming a constant translation speed of ribosomes without protein degradation can rationalize this growth law, real protein synthesis processes are more complex. This work proposes a general theoretical framework of protein synthesis, taking account of heterogeneous translation speeds among proteins and finite protein degradation. We introduce ribosome allocations as the fraction of active ribosomes producing certain proteins, with two correlation coefficients respectively quantifying the correlation between translation speeds and ribosome allocations, and between protein degradation rates and mass fractions. We prove that the growth law curve generally follows{phi} R = ( + c1)/(c2 + c3) where c1, c2, and c3 are constants depending on the above correlation coefficients and the translation speed of ribosomal proteins. Our theoretical predictions of{phi} R agree with existing data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate that when different environments share similar correlation coefficients, the growth law curve is universal and up-bent relative to a linear line in slow-growth conditions, which appears valid for Escherichia coli. However, the growth law curve is non-universal and environmental-specific when the environments have significantly different correlation coefficients. Our theories allow us to estimate the translation speeds of ribosomal and non-ribosomal proteins based on the experimental growth law curves.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.02.471021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universality and non-universality of the growth law]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering RNA viruses with unnatural amino acid to evoke adjustable immune response in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses pose heavy burdens on public-health systems. Synthetic biology holds great potential for artificially controlling their replication, a strategy that could be used to attenuate infectious viruses but is still in the exploratory stage. Herein, we used the genetic-code expansion technique to convert Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a model of RNA virus, into a controllable EV71 strain carrying the unnatural amino acid (UAA) N{varepsilon}-2-azidoethyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (NAEK), which we termed an EV71-NAEK virus. EV71-NAEK could recapitulate an authentic NAEK time- and dose-dependent infection in vitro and in vivo, which could serve as a novel method to manipulate virulent viruses in conventional laboratories. We further validated the prophylactic effect of EV71-NAEK in two mouse models. In susceptible parent mice, vaccination with EV71-NAEK elicited a strong immune response and potentially protected their neonatal offspring from lethal challenge similar to that of commercial vaccines. Meanwhile, in transgenic mice harboring a PylRS-tRNAPyl pair, substantial elements of genetic-code expansion technology, EV71-NAEK evoked an adjustable neutralizing-antibody response in a strictly external NAEK dose-dependent manner. These findings suggested that EV71-NAEK could be the basis of a feasible immunization program for populations with different levels of immunity. Moreover, we expanded the strategy to generate controllable coxsackieviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for conceptual verification. In combination, these results could underlie a competent strategy for attenuating viruses and priming the immune system via artificial control, which might be a promising direction for the development of amenable vaccine candidates and be broadly applied to other RNA viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.04.471206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering RNA viruses with unnatural amino acid to evoke adjustable immune response in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sterilization of drug-resistant influenza virus through genetic interference: use of unnatural amino acid-engineered virions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.04.471209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The frequent emergence of drug resistance during the treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) infections highlights a need for effective antiviral countermeasures. Here, we present an antiviral method that utilizes unnatural amino acid-engineered drug-resistant (UAA-DR) virus. The engineered virus is generated through genetic code expansion to combat emerging drug-resistant viruses. The UAA-DR virus has unnatural amino acids incorporated into its drug-resistant protein and its polymerase complex for replication control. The engineered virus can undergo genomic segment reassortment with normal virus and produce sterilized progenies due to artificial amber codons in the viral genome. We validate in vitro that UAA-DR can provide a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy for several H1N1 strains, different DR-IAV strains, multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, and even antigenically distant influenza strains (e.g., H3N2). Moreover, a minimum dose of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors for influenza virus can further enhance the sterilizing effect when combating inhibitor-resistant strains, partly due to the promoted superinfection of unnatural amino acid-modified virus in cellular and animal models. We also exploited the engineered virus to achieve adjustable efficacy after external UAA administration, for mitigating DR virus infection on transgenic mice harboring the [Formula] pair, and to have substantial elements of the genetic code expansion technology, which further demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the strategy. We anticipate that the use of the UAA-engineered DR virion, which is a novel antiviral agent, could be extended to combat emerging drug-resistant influenza virus and other segmented RNA viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.04.471209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sterilization of drug-resistant influenza virus through genetic interference: use of unnatural amino acid-engineered virions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep learning-based multisite neuroimage harmonization framework established with traveling-subject dataset 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.05.471192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The accumulation of multisite large-sample MRI datasets collected by large brain research projects in the last decade has provided a critical resource for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive functions and brain disorders. However, the significant site effects, observed in the imaging data and their derived structural and functional features, has prevented the derivation of consistent findings across different studies. The development of harmonization methods that can effectively eliminate complex site effects while maintaining biological characteristics in neuroimaging data has become a vital and urgent requirement for multisite imaging studies. Here, we proposed a deep learning-based framework to harmonize imaging data from pairs of sites, in which site factors and brain features can be disentangled and encoded. We trained the proposed framework with a publicly available traveling-subject dataset from SRPBS and harmonized the gray matter volume maps from eight source sites to a target site. The proposed framework significantly eliminated inter-site differences in gray matter volume. The embedded encoders successfully captured both the abstract texture of site factors and the concrete brain features. Moreover, the proposed framework exhibited outstanding performance relative to conventional statistical harmonization methods in site effect removal, data distribution homogenization, and intra-subject similarity improvement. Together, the proposed method offers a powerful and interpretable deep learning-based harmonization framework for multisite neuroimaging data that could enhance reliability and reproducibility in multisite studies for brain development and brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.05.471192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep learning-based multisite neuroimage harmonization framework established with traveling-subject dataset]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471507v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cohesin modulates DNA replication to preserve genome integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.06.471507v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cohesin participates in loop formation by extruding DNA fibers from its ring-shaped structure. Cohesin dysfunction eliminates chromatin loops but only causes modest transcription perturbation, which cannot fully explain the frequently observed mutations of cohesin in various cancers. Here, we found that DNA replication initiates at more than one thousand extra dormant origins after acute depletion of RAD21, a core subunit of cohesin, resulting in earlier replicating timing at approximately 30% of the human genomic regions. In contrast, CTCF is dispensable for suppressing the early firing of dormant origins that are distributed away from the loop boundaries. Furthermore, greatly elevated levels of gross DNA breaks and genome-wide chromosomal translocations arise in RAD21-depleted cells, accompanied by dysregulated replication timing at dozens of hotspot genes. Thus, we conclude that cohesin coordinates DNA replication initiation to ensure proper replication timing and safeguards genome integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhangding, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.06.471507</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cohesin modulates DNA replication to preserve genome integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.470392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
B.1.1.529 escapes the majority of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies of diverse epitopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.07.470392v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 variant (Omicron) contains 15 mutations on the receptor-binding domain (RBD). How Omicron would evade RBD neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) requires immediate investigation. Here, we used high-throughput yeast display screening1,2 to determine the RBD escaping mutation profiles for 247 human anti-RBD NAbs and showed that the NAbs could be unsupervised clustered into six epitope groups (A-F), which is highly concordant with knowledge-based structural classifications3-5. Strikingly, various single mutations of Omicron could impair NAbs of different epitope groups. Specifically, NAbs in Group A-D, whose epitope overlap with ACE2-binding motif, are largely escaped by K417N, G446S, E484A, and Q493R. Group E (S309 site)6 and F (CR3022 site)7 NAbs, which often exhibit broad sarbecovirus neutralizing activity, are less affected by Omicron, but still, a subset of NAbs are escaped by G339D, N440K, and S371L. Furthermore, Omicron pseudovirus neutralization showed that single mutation tolerating NAbs could also be escaped due to multiple synergetic mutations on their epitopes. In total, over 85% of the tested NAbs are escaped by Omicron. Regarding NAb drugs, the neutralization potency of LY-CoV016/LY-CoV555, REGN10933/REGN10987, AZD1061/AZD8895, and BRII-196 were greatly reduced by Omicron, while VIR-7831 and DXP-604 still function at reduced efficacy. Together, data suggest Omicron would cause significant humoral immune evasion, while NAbs targeting the sarbecovirus conserved region remain most effective. Our results offer instructions for developing NAb drugs and vaccines against Omicron and future variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.07.470392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[B.1.1.529 escapes the majority of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies of diverse epitopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Escape Steering by Cholecystokinin Peptidergic Signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.471862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Escape is an evolutionarily conserved and essential avoidance response. Considered to be innate, most studies on escape responses focused on hard-wired circuits. We report here that peptidergic signaling is an integral and necessary component of the Caenorhabditis elegans escape circuit. Combining genetic screening, electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we reveal that a neuropeptide NLP-18 and its cholecystokinin receptor CKR-1 enable the escape circuit to execute a full omega ({Omega}) turn, the last motor step where the animal robustly steers away from its original trajectory. We demonstrate in vivo and in vitro that CKR-1 is a Gq protein coupled receptor for NLP-18. in vivo, NLP-18 is mainly secreted by the gustatory sensory neuron (ASI) to activate CKR-1 in the head motor neuron (SMD) and the turn-initiating interneuron (AIB). Removal of NLP-18, removal of CKR-1, or specific knockdown of CKR-1 in SMD or AIB neurons lead to shallower turns hence less robust escape steering. Consistently, elevation of head motor neuron (SMD)s Ca2+ transients during escape steering is attenuated upon the removal of NLP-18 or CKR-1. in vitro, synthetic NLP-18 directly evokes CKR-1-dependent currents in oocytes and CKR-1-dependent Ca2+ transients in SMD. Thus, cholecystokinin signaling modulates an escape circuit to generate robust escape steering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.08.471862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Escape Steering by Cholecystokinin Peptidergic Signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiency in endocannabinoid synthase DAGLB contributes to Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic neuron dysfunction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.09.471983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), the most abundant endocannabinoid (eCB) in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. However, whether 2-AG deficiency contributes to Parkinsons disease (PD) and nigral dopaminergic neurons (DANs) dysfunction is unclear. Diacylglycerol lipase  and {beta} (DAGLA and DAGLB) mediate the biosynthesis of 2-AG. Using homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we linked multiple homozygous loss-of-function mutations in DAGLB to a form of early-onset autosomal recessive PD. We then used RNA sequencing and fiber photometry with genetically encoded eCB sensors to demonstrate that DAGLB is the main 2-AG synthase in nigral DANs. Genetic knockdown of Daglb by CRISPR/Cas9 in mouse nigral DANs substantially reduces 2-AG levels in the substantia nigra (SN). The SN 2-AG levels are markedly correlated with the vigor of movement during the acquisition of motor skills, while Daglb-deficiency impairs motor learning. Conversely, pharmacological enhancement of 2-AG levels increases nigral DAN activity and dopamine release and improves motor learning. Together, we demonstrate that DAGLB-deficiency contributes to the etiopathogenesis of PD, reveal the importance of DAGLB-mediated 2-AG biosynthesis in nigral DANs in regulating neural activity and dopamine release, and provide preclinical evidence for the beneficial effects of 2-AG augmentation in PD treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salinas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oldham, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawes, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovinger, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.471983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiency in endocannabinoid synthase DAGLB contributes to Parkinson's disease and dopaminergic neuron dysfunction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.10.472102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations in RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant result stronger binding to human ACE2 protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.10.472102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to more than 270 million infections and 5.3 million of deaths worldwide. Several major variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged and posed challenges in controlling the pandemic. The recently occurred Omicron variant raised serious concerns about reducing the efficacy of vaccines and neutralization antibodies due to its vast mutations. We have modelled the complex structure of the human ACE2 protein and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Omicron Spike protein (S-protein), and conducted atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to study the binding interactions. The analysis shows that the Omicron RBD binds more strongly to the human ACE2 protein than the original strain. The mutations at the ACE2-RBD interface enhance the tight binding by increasing hydrogen bonding interaction and enlarging buried solvent accessible surface area.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lupala, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.10.472102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations in RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant result stronger binding to human ACE2 protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.11.472249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Stages of Speech Envelope Tracking in Human Auditory Cortex Modulated by Speech Intelligibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.11.472249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The envelope is essential for speech perception. Recent studies have shown that cortical activity can track the acoustic envelope. However, whether the tracking strength reflects the extent of speech intelligibility processing remains controversial. Here, using stereo-electroencephalogram (sEEG) technology, we directly recorded the activity in human auditory cortex while subjects listened to either natural or noise-vocoded speech. These two stimuli have approximately identical envelopes, but the noise-vocoded speech does not have speech intelligibility. We found two stages of envelope tracking in auditory cortex: an early high-{gamma} (60-140 Hz) power stage (delay {approx} 49 ms) that preferred the noise-vocoded speech, and a late {theta} (4-8 Hz) phase stage (delay {approx} 178 ms) that preferred the natural speech. Furthermore, the decoding performance of high-{gamma} power was better in primary auditory cortex than in non-primary auditory cortex, consistent with its short tracking delay. We also found distinct lateralization effects: high-{gamma} power envelope tracking dominated left auditory cortex, while {theta} phase showed better decoding performance in right auditory cortex. In sum, we suggested a functional dissociation between high-{gamma} power and {theta} phase: the former reflects fast and automatic processing of brief acoustic features, while the latter correlates to slow build-up processing facilitated by speech intelligibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.11.472249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Stages of Speech Envelope Tracking in Human Auditory Cortex Modulated by Speech Intelligibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High temporal resolution transcriptomic profiling delineates distinct patterns of interferon response following Covid-19 mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the development of protective immunity conferred by mRNA vaccines is fragmentary. Here we investigated responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination via ultra-low-volume sampling and high-temporal-resolution transcriptome profiling (23 subjects across 22 timepoints, and with 117 COVID-19 patients used as comparators). There were marked differences in the timing and amplitude of the responses to the priming and booster doses. Notably, we identified two distinct interferon signatures. The first signature (A28/S1) was robustly induced both post-prime and post-boost and in both cases correlated with the subsequent development of antibody responses. In contrast, the second interferon signature (A28/S2) was robustly induced only post-boost, where it coincided with a transient inflammation peak. In COVID19 patients, a distinct phenotype dominated by A28/S2 was associated with longer duration of intensive care. In summary, high-temporal-resolution transcriptomic permitted the identification of post- vaccination phenotypes that are determinants of the course of COVID-19 disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rinchai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoppoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabeer, B. S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taleb, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovski, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maacha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentilcore, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toufiq, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthew, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vempalli, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mubarak, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lorenz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivieri, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cirmena, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dentone, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuccarolo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giacobbe, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garbarino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cigolini, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cremonesi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ballestrero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassetti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hejblum, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Augustine, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panhuys, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiebaut, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branco, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chew, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shojaei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zughaier, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maria, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hssain, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grivel, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaussabel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.12.472257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High temporal resolution transcriptomic profiling delineates distinct patterns of interferon response following Covid-19 mRNA vaccination and SARS-CoV2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrastive Cycle Adversarial Autoencoders for Single-cell Multi-omics Alignment and Integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We have entered the multi-omics era, and we can measure cells from different aspects. When dealing with such multi-omics data, the first step is to determine the correspondence among different omics. In other words, we should match data from different spaces corresponding to the same object. This problem is particularly challenging in the single-cell multi-omics scenario because such data are very sparse with extremely high dimensions. Secondly, matched single-cell multi-omics data are rare and hard to collect. Furthermore, due to the limitations of the experimental environment, the data are usually highly noisy. To promote the single-cell multi-omics research, we overcome the above challenges, proposing a novel framework to align and integrate single-cell RNA-seq data and single-cell ATAC-seq data. Our approach can efficiently map the above data with high sparsity and noise from different spaces to a low-dimensional manifold in a unified space, making the downstream alignment and integration straightforward. Compared with the other state-of-the-art methods, our method performs better on both simulated and real single-cell data. On the real data, the performance improvement on accuracy over the previous methods is up to 55.7% regarding scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq data integration. Downstream trajectory inference analysis shows that our tool can transfer the labels from scRNA-seq to scATAC-seq with very high accuracy, which indicates our methods effectiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.12.472268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrastive Cycle Adversarial Autoencoders for Single-cell Multi-omics Alignment and Integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant harbors 37 amino acid substitutions in the spike (S) protein, 15 of which are in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), thereby raising concerns about the effectiveness of available vaccines and antibody therapeutics. Here, we show that the Omicron RBD binds to human ACE2 with enhanced affinity relative to the Wuhan-Hu-1 RBD and acquires binding to mouse ACE2. Severe reductions of plasma neutralizing activity were observed against Omicron compared to the ancestral pseudovirus for vaccinated and convalescent individuals. Most (26 out of 29) receptor-binding motif (RBM)-directed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lost in vitro neutralizing activity against Omicron, with only three mAbs, including the ACE2-mimicking S2K146 mAb1, retaining unaltered potency. Furthermore, a fraction of broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus mAbs recognizing antigenic sites outside the RBM, including sotrovimab2, S2X2593 and S2H974, neutralized Omicron. The magnitude of Omicron-mediated immune evasion and the acquisition of binding to mouse ACE2 mark a major SARS-CoV-2 mutational shift. Broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus mAbs recognizing epitopes conserved among SARS-CoV-2 variants and other sarbecoviruses may prove key to controlling the ongoing pandemic and future zoonotic spillovers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cameroni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saliba, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowen, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosen, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Culap, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinto, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Marco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zepeda, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>di Iulio, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zatta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaiser, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farhat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czudnochowski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Havenar-Daughton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sprouse, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dillen, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Powell, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soriaga, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franko, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazzitelli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geffner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grifantini, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gori, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giannini, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceschi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franzetti-Pellanda, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzoni, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebner, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purcell, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccoli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pizzuto, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walls, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telenti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virgin, H</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.12.472269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antimicrobial resistance determinants in silage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.472282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animal products may play a role in developing and spreading antimicrobial resistance in several ways. On the one hand, residues of antibiotics not adequately used in animal farming can enter the human body via food. But resistant bacteria may also be present in animal products, which can transfer the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) to the bacteria in the consumers body by horizontal gene transfer. As previous studies have shown that fermented foods have a meaningful ARG content, it is indicated that such genes may also be present in silage used as mass feed in the cattle sector. In our study, we aspired to answer what ARGs occur in silage and what mobility characteristics they have? For this purpose, we have analyzed bioinformatically 52 freely available deep sequenced silage samples from shotgun metagenome next-generation sequencing. A total of 17 perfect matched ARGs occurred 55 times in the samples. More than half of these ARGs are mobile because they can be linked to integrative mobile genetic elements, prophages or plasmids. Our results point to a neglected but substantial ARG source in the food chain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagy, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Papp, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solymosi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.12.472282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance determinants in silage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LKB1 Is Physiologically Required for Sleep from Drosophila to the Mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
LKB1 is known as a master kinase for 14 kinases related to the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Two of them (SIK3 and AMPK) have previously been implicated in sleep regulation. We generated loss-of-function (LOF) mutants for Lkb1 in both Drosophila and mice. Sleep was reduced in Lkb1-mutant flies and in flies with neuronal deletion of Lkb1. Sleep was reduced in mice after virally mediated reduction of Lkb1 in the brain. Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis showed that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and sleep need were both reduced in Lkb1-mutant mice. These results indicate that LKB1 plays a physiological role in sleep regulation conserved from flies to mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.13.472078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LKB1 Is Physiologically Required for Sleep from Drosophila to the Mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling of microRNA-derived disease network repurposes methotrexate for the prevention and therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a highly lethal vascular disease characterized by permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta. The main purpose of the current study is to search for noninvasive medical therapies for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), for which there is currently no effective drug therapy. Network medicine represents a cutting-edge technology, as analysis and modeling of disease networks can provide critical clues regarding the etiology of specific diseases and which therapeutics may be effective. Here, we proposed a novel algorithm to quantify disease relations based on a large accumulated microRNA-disease association dataset and then built a disease network that covered 15 disease classes and included 304 diseases. Analysis revealed a number of patterns for these diseases; for example, diseases tended to be clustered and coherent in the network. Surprisingly, we found that AAA showed the strongest similarity with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, both of which are autoimmune diseases, suggesting that AAA could be one type of autoimmune disease in etiology. Based on this observation, we further hypothesized that drugs for autoimmune disease could be repurposed for the prevention and therapy of AAA. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that methotrexate, a drug for autoimmune disease, was able to prevent the formation and inhibit the development of AAA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.13.472366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling of microRNA-derived disease network repurposes methotrexate for the prevention and therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dual role of N6-methyladenosine on mouse maternal RNAs and 2-cell specific RNAs revealed by ULI-MeRIP sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.13.472368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its regulatory components play critical roles in various developmental processes in mammals(1-5). However, the landscape and function of m6A in the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remain unclear due to limited materials. Here, by developing an ultralow-input MeRIP-seq method, we revealed the dynamics of the m6A RNA methylome during the MZT process in mice. We found that more than 1/3 maternal decay and 2/3 zygotic mRNAs were modified by m6A. Moreover, m6As are highly enriched in the RNA of transposable elements MTA and MERVL, which are highly expressed in oocytes and 2-cell embryos, respectively. Notably, maternal depletion of Kiaa1429, a component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, leads to a reduced abundance of m6A-marked maternal RNAs, including both genes and MTA, in GV oocytes, indicating m6A-dependent regulation of RNA stability in oocytes. Interestingly, when the writers were depleted, some m6A-marked 2-cell specific RNAs, including Zscan4 and MERVL, appeared normal at the 2-cell stage but failed to be decayed at later stages, suggesting that m6A regulates the clearance of these transcripts. Together, our study uncovered that m6As function in context-specific manners during MZT, which ensures the transcriptome stability of oocytes and regulates the stage specificity of zygotic transcripts after fertilization.

One Sentence Summarym6A RNA methylation stabilizes the maternal RNAs in mouse oocytes and degrades the 2-cell specific RNAs in the cleavage-stage embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.13.472368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dual role of N6-methyladenosine on mouse maternal RNAs and 2-cell specific RNAs revealed by ULI-MeRIP sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472735v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing regulation of short-term memory by basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways that are coactive during behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472735v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways are viewed to mediate opposing functions in movement. However, this classic model is challenged by recent findings that both pathways are coactive during behavior. We examined the roles of direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathway spiny projection neurons in a decision-making task with a short-term memory (STM) component. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical-input-defined dSPNs and iSPNs during STM oppositely biased upcoming licking choice, without affecting licking execution. Optogenetically identified dSPNs and iSPNs showed similar response patterns, although with quantitative difference in spatiotemporal organization. To understand how coactive dSPNs and iSPNs play opposing roles, we recorded population activity in frontal cortex and the basal ganglia output nucleus SNr. Stimulation of dSPNs and iSPNs bidirectionally regulated cortical decision variable through the differential modulation of SNr ramping activity. These results reconcile different views by demonstrating that coactive dSPNs and iSPNs precisely shape cortical activity in a push-pull balance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472735</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing regulation of short-term memory by basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways that are coactive during behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simple contextual cueing prevents retroactive interference in short-term perceptual training of orientation detection tasks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.15.472760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual training of multiple tasks suffers from interference between the trained tasks. Here, we conducted four psychophysical experiments with separate groups of participants to investigate the possibility of preventing the interference in short-term perceptual training. We trained the participants to detect two orientations of Gabor stimuli in two adjacent days at the same retinal location and examined the interference of training effects between the two orientations. The results showed significant retroactive interference from the second orientation to the first orientation (Experiments 1 and 2). Introducing a 6-hour interval between the pre-test and training of the second orientation did not eliminate the interference effect, excluding the interpretation of disrupted reconsolidation as the pre-test of the second orientation may reactivate and destabilize the representation of the first orientation (Experiment 3). Finally, the training of the two orientations was accompanied by fixations in two colors, each served as a contextual cue for one orientation. The results showed that the retroactive interference was not evident after introducing these passively perceived contextual cues (Experiment 4). Our findings suggest that the retroactive interference effect in short-term perceptual training of orientation detection tasks was likely the result of higher-level factors such as shared contextual cues embedded in the tasks. The effect of multiple perceptual training could be facilitated by associating the trained tasks with different contextual cues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simple contextual cueing prevents retroactive interference in short-term perceptual training of orientation detection tasks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A dual reporter system identifies an intermediate state and sequential regulators of 2-cell-like-to-pluripotent state transition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.17.473100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cycle in and out of 2-cell-like (2C-like) state in culture. The molecular mechanism governing the exit of 2C-like state remains obscure, partly due to the lack of a reporter system that can genetically mark intermediate states during exiting process. Here, we identify an intermediate state that is marked by the co-expression of MERVL::tdTomato and OCT4-GFP (MERLOT) during 2C-like-to-pluripotent state transition (2CLPT). Transcriptome and epigenome analyses demonstrate that MERLOT cells cluster closely with 8-16 cell stage mouse embryos, suggesting that 2CLPT partly mimics early preimplantation development. Through a CRISPRa screen, we identify an ARRDC3-NEDD4-OCT4 regulatory axis that plays an essential role in controlling 2CLPT. Furthermore, re-evaluating previously reported 2C-like state regulators reveals dual function of Chaf1a in regulating the entry and exit of 2C-like state. Finally, ATAC-Seq footprinting analysis uncovers Klf3 as an essential transcription factor required for efficient 2CLPT. Together, our study identifies a genetically traceable intermediate state during 2CLPT and provides a valuable tool to study molecular mechanisms regulating this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.17.473100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A dual reporter system identifies an intermediate state and sequential regulators of 2-cell-like-to-pluripotent state transition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
When self comes to a wandering mind: Brain representations and dynamics of self-generated concepts in spontaneous thought 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.18.473276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWSelf-relevant concepts are major building blocks of spontaneous thought, and their dynamics in a natural stream of thought are likely to reveal ones internal states important for mental health. Here we conducted an fMRI experiment (n = 62) to examine brain representations and dynamics of self-generated concepts in the context of spontaneous thought using a newly developed free association-based thought sampling task. The dynamics of conceptual associations were predictive of individual differences in general negative affectivity, replicating across multiple datasets (n = 196). Reflecting on self-generated concepts strongly engaged brain regions linked to autobiographical memory, conceptual processes, emotion, and autonomic regulation, including the medial prefrontal and medial temporal subcortical structures. Multivariate pattern-based predictive modeling revealed that the neural representations of valence became more person-specific as the level of perceived self-relevance increased. Overall, this study provides a hint of how self-generated concepts in spontaneous thought construct inner affective states and idiosyncrasies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews-Hanna, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.18.473276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[When self comes to a wandering mind: Brain representations and dynamics of self-generated concepts in spontaneous thought]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
rareSurvival: rare variant association analysis for time-to-event outcomes. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryRare variants have been proposed as contributing to the "missing heritability" of complex human traits. There has been much recent development of methodology to investigate association of complex traits with multiple rare variants within pre-defined "units" from sequence and array-based studies of the exome or genome. However, software for modelling time to event outcomes for rare variant associations has been under developed in comparison with binary and quantitative traits. We introduce a new command line application, rareSurvival, used for the analysis of rare variants with time to event outcomes. The program is compatible with high performance computing (HPC) clusters for batch processing. rareSurvival implements statistical methodology, which are a combination of widely used survival and gene-based analysis techniques such as the Cox proportional hazards model and the burden test. We introduce a novel piece of software that will be at the forefront of efforts to discover rare variants associated with a variety of complex diseases with survival endpoints.

Availability & ImplementationrareSurvival is implemented in C#, available on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X operating systems. It is freely available (GNU General Public License, version 3) to download from https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/translational-medicine/research/statistical-genetics/software/. Download Mono for Linux or Mac OS X to run software.

Contacthamzah.syed@liverpool.ac.uk

Supplementary informationLinks to additional figures and tables are available at Bioinformatics online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.473338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[rareSurvival: rare variant association analysis for time-to-event outcomes.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOPower: an R-shiny application for the simulation and power calculation of multi-omics studies. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.19.473339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundMulti-omics studies are increasingly used to help understand the underlying mechanisms of clinical phenotypes, integrating information from the genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiome. This integration of data is of particular use in rare disease studies where the sample sizes are often relatively small. Methods development for multi-omics studies is in its early stages due to the complexity of the different individual data types. There is a need for software to perform data simulation and power calculation for multi-omics studies to test these different methodologies and help calculate sample size before the initiation of a study. This software, in turn, will optimise the success of a study.

ResultsThe interactive R shiny application MOPower described below simulates data based on three different omics using statistical distributions. It calculates the power to detect an association with the phenotype through analysis of n number of replicates using a variety of the latest multi-omics analysis models and packages. The simulation study confirms the efficiency of the software when handling thousands of simulations over ten different sample sizes. The average time elapsed for a power calculation run between integration models was approximately 500 seconds. Additionally, for the given study design model, power varied with the increase in the number of features affecting each method differently. For example, using MOFA had an increase in power to detect an association when the study sample size equally matched the number of features.

ConclusionsMOPower addresses the need for flexible and user-friendly software that undertakes power calculations for multi-omics studies. MOPower offers users a wide variety of integration methods to test and full customisation of omics features to cover a range of study designs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otto, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelberman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bacchelli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beales, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.473339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOPower: an R-shiny application for the simulation and power calculation of multi-omics studies.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanism of NALCN-FAM155A-UNC79-UNC80 channel complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.20.473568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents and is important for maintaining proper resting membrane potential. NALCN and FAM155A form the core complex of the channel, the activity of which essentially depends on the presence of both UNC79 and UNC80, two auxiliary proteins. NALCN, FAM155A, UNC79, and UNC80 co-assemble into a large hetero-tetrameric channel complex. Genetic mutations of NALCN channel components lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. However, the structure and mechanism of the intact channel complex remain elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the mammalian NALCN-FAM155A-UNC79-UNC80 quaternary complex. The structure showed that UNC79-UNC80 form a large piler-shaped heterodimer which was tethered to the intracellular side of the NALCN channel through tripartite interactions with the cytoplasmic loops of NALCN. Two interactions are essential for proper cell surface localization of NALCN. The other interaction relieves the self-inhibition of NALCN by pulling the auto-inhibitory CTD Interacting Helix (CIH) out of its binding site.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.20.473568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanism of NALCN-FAM155A-UNC79-UNC80 channel complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network design principle for robust oscillatory behaviors with respect to biological noise 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oscillatory behaviors, which are ubiquitous in transcriptional regulatory networks, are often subject to inevitable biological noise. Thus a natural question is how transcriptional regulatory networks can robustly achieve accurate oscillation in the presence of biological noise. Here, we search all two- and three-node transcriptional regulatory network topologies for those robustly capable of accurate oscillation against the parameter variability (extrinsic noise) or stochasticity of chemical reactions (intrinsic noise). We find that, no matter what source of the noise is applied, the topologies containing the repressilator with positive auto-regulation show higher robustness of accurate oscillation than those containing the activator-inhibitor oscillator, and additional positive auto-regulation enhances the robustness against noise. Nevertheless, the attenuation of different sources of noise is governed by distinct mechanisms: the parameter variability is buffered by the long period, while the stochasticity of chemical reactions is filtered by the high amplitude. Furthermore, we analyze the noise of a synthetic human nuclear factor {kappa}B (NF-{kappa}B) signaling network by varying three different topologies, and verify that the addition of a repressilator to the activator-inhibitor oscillator, which leads to the emergence of high-robustness motif--the repressilator with positive auto-regulation, improves the oscillation accuracy in comparison to the topology with only an activator-inhibitor oscillator. These design principles may be applicable to other oscillatory circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network design principle for robust oscillatory behaviors with respect to biological noise]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biological regulatory networks are less nonlinear than expected by chance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.22.473903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extent to which the components of a biological system are (non)linearly regulated determines how amenable they are to therapy and control. To better understand this property termed  regulatory nonlinearity, we analyzed a suite of 137 published Boolean network models, containing a variety of complex nonlinear regulatory interactions, using a probabilistic generalization of Boolean logic that George Boole himself had proposed. Leveraging the continuous-nature of this formulation, we used Taylor decomposition to approximate the models with various levels of regulatory nonlinearity. A comparison of the resulting series of approximations of the biological models with appropriate random ensembles revealed that biological regulation tends to be less nonlinear than expected, meaning that higher-order interactions among the regulatory inputs tend to be less pronounced. A further categorical analysis of the biological models revealed that the regulatory nonlinearity of cancer and disease networks could not only be sometimes higher than expected but also relatively more variable. We show that this variation is caused by differences in the apportioning of information among the various orders of regulatory nonlinearity. Our results suggest that there may have been a weak but discernible selection pressure for biological systems to evolve linear regulation on average, but for certain systems such as cancer, on the other hand, to also evolve more nonlinear rules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Manicka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrugarra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.22.473903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biological regulatory networks are less nonlinear than expected by chance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.474057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel high-throughput assay using mixed genomic DNA for fast screening germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.23.474057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The demand for genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility genes is increasing for both breast cancer patients and healthy individuals. Here we established a novel high-throughput assay to detect germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes. In general, up 10 to 50 individual genomic DNA samples were mixed together to create a mixed DNA sample and the mixed DNA sample was subjected to a next-generation multigene panel. Germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes could be found in the mixed DNA sample; next, site-specific Sanger sequencing was performed to identify individuals who carried he pathogenic variant in the mixed samples. We found that the recall and precision rates were 89.9% and 92.9% when twenty individual genomic samples were mixed. Therefore, our new assay can increase an approximately 20-fold of efficacy to identify the pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes in individuals when compared with current assay.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.23.474057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel high-throughput assay using mixed genomic DNA for fast screening germline pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SHERRY2: A method for rapid and sensitive single cell RNA-seq 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.474161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prevalent single cell transcriptomic profiling (scRNA-seq) mechods are mainly based on synthesis and enrichment of full-length double-stranded complementary DNA. These approaches are challenging to generate accurate quantification of transcripts when their abundance is low or their full-length amplifications are difficult. Based on our previous finding that Tn5 transposase can directly cut-and-tag DNA/RNA hetero-duplexes, we present SHERRY2, a specifically optimized protocol for scRNA-seq without second strand cDNA synthesis. SHERRY2 is free of pre-amplification and eliminates the sequence-dependent bias. In comparison with other widely-used scRNA-seq methods, SHERRY2 exhibits significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy even for single nuclei. Besides, SHERRY2 is simple and robust, and can be easily scaled up to high-throughput experiments. When testing single lymphocytes and neuron nuclei, SHERRY2 not only obtained accurate countings of transcription factors and long non-coding RNAs, but also provided bias-free results that enriched genes in specific cellular components or functions, which outperformed other protocols. With a few thousand cells sequenced by SHERRY2, we confirmed expression and dynamics of Myc in different cell types of germinal centers, which were previously only revealed by gene-specific amplification methods. SHERRY2 is able to provide high sensitivity, high accuracy, and high throughput for those applications that require high number of genes identified in each cell. It can reveal the subtle transcriptomic difference between cells and facilitate important biological discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.25.474161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SHERRY2: A method for rapid and sensitive single cell RNA-seq]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474402v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and functional characterizations of altered infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.29.474402v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron with increased fitness is spreading rapidly worldwide. Analysis of cryo-EM structures of the Spike (S) from Omicron reveals amino acid substitutions forging new interactions that stably maintain an "active" conformation for receptor recognition. The relatively more compact domain organization confers improved stability and enhances attachment but compromises the efficiency of viral fusion step. Alterations in local conformation, charge and hydrophobic microenvironments underpin the modulation of the epitopes such that they are not recognized by most NTD- and RBD-antibodies, facilitating viral immune escape. Apart from already existing mutations, we have identified three new immune escape sites: 1) Q493R, 2) G446S and 3) S371L/S373P/S375F that confers greater resistance to five of the six classes of RBD-antibodies. Structure of the Omicron S bound with human ACE2, together with analysis of sequence conservation in ACE2 binding region of 25 sarbecovirus members as well as heatmaps of the immunogenic sites and their corresponding mutational frequencies sheds light on conserved and structurally restrained regions that can be used for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines and therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2021-12-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2021.12.29.474402</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and functional characterizations of altered infectivity and immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2021-12-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visual search training benefits from the integrative effect of enhanced covert attention and optimized overt eye movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.03.474790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Training serves as an effective approach to improve visual search performance when the target does not automatically pop out from the distractors. In the present study, we trained participants on a conjunction visual search task and examined the training effects in behavior and eye movement. The results of Experiments 1 to 4 showed that training improved behavioral performance and reduced the number of saccades and overall scanning time. Training also increased the search initiation time before the first saccade and the proportion of trials in which the participants correctly identified the target without any saccade, but these effects were modulated by stimulus parameters. In Experiment 5, we simultaneously recorded eye movements and EEG signals and the results revealed significant N2pc components after the stimulus onset (i.e., stimulus-locked) and before the first saccade (i.e., saccade-locked) when the search target was the trained one. These N2pc components can be considered as the neural signatures for the enhanced covert attention to the trained target. Together with the training-induced increase in functional visual field, these mechanisms could support the beneficial effects of increased search initiation time and reduced number of saccades. These findings suggest that visual search training enhanced covert attention to target and optimized overt eye movements to facilitate search performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.03.474790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visual search training benefits from the integrative effect of enhanced covert attention and optimized overt eye movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475050v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analytical time-dependent distributions for gene expression models with complex promoter switching mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.05.475050v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Classical gene expression models assume exponential switching time distributions between the active and inactive promoter states. However, recent experiments have shown that many genes in mammalian cells may produce non-exponential switching time distributions, implying the existence of multiple promoter states and molecular memory in the promoter switching dynamics. Here we analytically solve a gene expression model with random bursting and complex promoter switching, and derive the time-dependent distributions of the mRNA and protein copy numbers, generalizing the steady-state solution obtained in [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 72, 789-818 (2012)] and [SIAM J. Appl. Math. 79, 1007-1029 (2019)]. Using multiscale simplification techniques, we find that molecular memory has no influence on the time-dependent distribution when promoter switching is very fast or very slow, while it significantly affects the distribution when promoter switching is neither too fast nor too slow. By analyzing the dynamical phase diagram of the system, we also find that molecular memory in the inactive gene state weakens transient and stationary bimodality of the copy number distribution, while molecular memory in the active gene state enhances such bimodality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.05.475050</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analytical time-dependent distributions for gene expression models with complex promoter switching mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475217v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CHDbase: A Comprehensive Knowledgebase for Congenital Heart Disease-related Genes and Clinical Manifestations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.06.475217v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of major birth defects, with a prevalence of 1%. Although an increasing number of studies reporting the etiology of CHD, the findings scattered throughout the literature are difficult to retrieve and utilize in research and clinical practice. We therefore developed CHDbase, an evidence-based knowledgebase with CHD-related genes and clinical manifestations manually curated from 1114 publications, linking 1124 susceptibility genes and 3591 variations to more than 300 CHD types and related syndromes. Metadata such as the information of each publication and the selected population and samples, the strategy of studies, and the major findings of study were integrated with each item of research record. We also integrated functional annotations through parsing ~50 databases/tools to facilitate the interpretation of these genes and variations in disease pathogenicity. We further prioritized the significance of these CHD-related genes with a gene interaction network approach, and extracted a core CHD sub-network with 163 genes. The clear genetic landscape of CHD enables the phenotype classification based on the shared genetic origin. Overall, CHDbase provides a comprehensive and freely available resource to study CHD susceptibility, supporting a wide range of users in the scientific and medical communities. CHDbase is accessible at http://chddb.fwgenetics.org/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.06.475217</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CHDbase: A Comprehensive Knowledgebase for Congenital Heart Disease-related Genes and Clinical Manifestations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.09.475588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of Saliency and Semantic Features Distinguish Gaze of Expert and Novice Viewers of Surveillance Footage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.09.475588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When viewing the actions of others, we not only see patterns of body movements, but we also "see" the intentions and social relations of people, enabling us to understand the surrounding social environment. Previous research has shown that experienced forensic examiners--Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) operators--convey superior performance in identifying and predicting hostile intentions from surveillance footages than novices. However, it remains largely unknown what visual content CCTV operators actively attend to when viewing surveillance footage, and whether CCTV operators develop different strategies for active information seeking from what novices do. In this study, we conducted computational analysis for the gaze-centered stimuli captured by experienced CCTV operators and novices eye movements when they viewed the same surveillance footage. These analyses examined how low-level visual features and object-level semantic features contribute to attentive gaze patterns associated with the two groups of participants. Low-level image features were extracted by a visual saliency model, whereas object-level semantic features were extracted by a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), AlexNet, from gaze-centered regions. We found that visual regions attended by CCTV operators versus by novices can be reliably classified by patterns of saliency features and DCNN features. Additionally, CCTV operators showed greater inter-subject correlation in attending to saliency features and DCNN features than did novices. These results suggest that the looking behavior of CCTV operators differs from novices by actively attending to different patterns of saliency and semantic features in both low-level and high-level visual processing. Expertise in selectively attending to informative features at different levels of visual hierarchy may play an important role in facilitating the efficient detection of social relationships between agents and the prediction of harmful intentions.

Author SummaryImagine seeing a person walking toward another person menacingly on the street, we may instantly feel that some physical confrontation will happen in the next second. However, it remains unclear how we efficiently infer social intentions and outcomes from the observed dynamic visual input. To answer this question, CCTV experts, who have years of experience on observing social scenes and making online predictions of the action outcomes, provide a unique perspective. Here, we collected experts and novices eye movements when observing different action sequences and compared the attended visual information between groups. A saliency model was used to compare low-level visual features such as luminance and color, and a deep convolutional neural network was used to extract object-level semantic visual features. Our findings showed that experts obtained different patterns of low-level and semantic-level features in visual processing compared to novices. Thus, the expertise in selectively attending to informative features at different levels of visual hierarchy may play an important role in facilitating the efficient detection of social relationships between agents and the prediction of harmful intentions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burling, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Todorova, G. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neary, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pollick, F. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.09.475588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of Saliency and Semantic Features Distinguish Gaze of Expert and Novice Viewers of Surveillance Footage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How many bits of information can be transferred between residues in a protein and how fast? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time resolved Raman and infrared spectroscopy experiments show the basic features of information transfer between residues in proteins. Here, we present the theoretical basis of information transfer using a simple elastic net model and recently developed entropy transfer concept in proteins. Mutual information between two residues is a measure of communication in proteins which shows the maximum amount of information that may be transferred between two residues. However, it does not explain the actual amount of transfer nor the transfer rate of information between residues. For this, dynamic equations of the system are needed. We used the Schreiber theory of information transfer and the Gaussian network Model of proteins, together with the solution of the Langevin equation, to quantify allosteric information transfer. Results of the model are in perfect agreement with ultraviolet resonance Raman measurements. Analysis of the allosteric protein Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase shows that a multitude of paths contribute collectively to information transfer. While the peak values of information transferred are small relative to information content of residues, considering the estimated transfer rates, which are in the order of megabits per second, sustained transfer during the activity time-span of proteins may be significant.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How many bits of information can be transferred between residues in a protein and how fast?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuftsin: a natural molecule against SARS-CoV-2 infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.10.475746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously proceeds despite the application of a variety of vaccines. It is still urgent to find effective ways to treat COVID-19. Recent studies indicate that NRP1, an important receptor of the natural peptide tuftsin, facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection. Importantly, tuftsin is a natural human molecule released from IgG. Here, we found 91 overlapping genes between tuftsin targets and COVID-19-associated genes. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that tuftsin could also target ACE2 and exert some immune-related functions to treat COVID-19. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, we confirmed that tuftsin can bind ACE2 and NRP1 directly. Moreover, tuftsin effectively impairs the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S1 to ACE2. Thus, tuftsin is an attractive drug against COVID-19. And tuftsin as natural immunostimulating peptide in human, we speculate that tuftsin may has crucial roles in asymptomatic carriers or mild cases of COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.10.475746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuftsin: a natural molecule against SARS-CoV-2 infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476265v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of neural population dynamics in the regression subspace between continuous and categorical task parameters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.13.476265v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural population dynamics, presumably fundamental computational units in the brain, provide a key framework for understanding information processing in the sensory, cognitive, and motor functions. However, neural population dynamics is not explicitly related to the conventional analytic framework for single-neuron activity, i.e., representational models that analyze neuronal modulations associated with cognitive and motor parameters. In this study, we applied a recently developed state-space analysis to incorporate the representational models into the dynamic model in combination with these parameters. We compared neural population dynamics between continuous and categorical task parameters during two visual recognition tasks, using the datasets originally designed for a single-neuron approach. We successfully extracted neural population dynamics in the regression subspace, which represent modulation dynamics for both continuous and categorical task parameters with reasonable temporal characteristics. Furthermore, we combined the classical optimal-stimulus analysis paradigm for the single-neuron approach (i.e., stimulus identified as maximum neural responses) into the dynamic model, and found that the most prominent modulation dynamics at the lower dimension were derived from these optimal responses. Thus, our approach provides a unified framework for incorporating knowledge acquired with the single-neuron approach into the dynamic model as a standard procedure for describing neural modulation dynamics in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunimatsu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imaizumi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minamimoto, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.13.476265</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of neural population dynamics in the regression subspace between continuous and categorical task parameters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.476454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Phenotyping of Two Commonly Used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Background Strains: CC-1690 (21gr) and CC-5325 (the CLiP Mutant Library Background) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.15.476454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an excellent model organism to investigate many essential cellular processes in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Two commonly used background strains of Chlamydomonas are CC-1690 and CC-5325. CC-1690, also called 21gr, has been used for the Chlamydomonas genome project and several transcriptome analyses. CC-5325 is the background strain for the Chlamydomonas Library Project (CLiP). Photosynthetic performance in CC-5325 has not been evaluated in comparison with CC-1690. Additionally, CC-5325 is often considered to be cell-wall deficient, although detailed analysis is missing. The circadian rhythms in CC-5325 are also unclear. To fill these knowledge gaps and facilitate the use of the CLiP mutant library for various screens, we performed phenotypic comparisons between CC-1690 and CC-5325. Our results showed that CC-5325 grew faster heterotrophically in dark and equally well in mixotrophic liquid medium as compared to CC-1690. CC-5325 had lower photosynthetic efficiency and was more sensitive to heat than CC-1690. Furthermore, CC-5325 had an intact cell wall with comparable integrity to that in CC-1690, though appears to have reduced thickness. Finally, CC-5325 could perform phototaxis, but could not maintain a sustained circadian rhythm of phototaxis as CC160 did. Our results will be useful for researchers in the Chlamydomonas community to choose suitable background strains for mutant analysis and employ the CLiP mutant library for genome-wide mutant screens under appropriate conditions, especially in the areas of photosynthesis, thermotolerance, cell wall, and circadian rhythms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazouki, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacobshagen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klebanovych, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czymmek, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.15.476454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Phenotyping of Two Commonly Used Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Background Strains: CC-1690 (21gr) and CC-5325 (the CLiP Mutant Library Background)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A whole-brain 3D myeloarchitectonic atlas: mapping the Vogt-Vogt legacy to the cortical surface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Building precise and detailed parcellations of anatomically and functionally distinct brain areas has been a major focus in Neuroscience. Pioneer anatomists parcellated the cortical manifold based on extensive histological studies of post-mortem brain, harnessing local variations in cortical cyto- and myeloarchitecture to define areal boundaries. Compared to the cytoarchitectonic field, where multiple neuroimaging studies have recently translated this old legacy data into useful analytical resources, myeloarchitectonics, which parcellate the cortex based on the organization of myelinated fibers, has received less attention. Here, we present the neocortical surface-based myeloarchitectonic atlas based on the histology-derived maps of the Vogt-Vogt school and its 2D translation by Nieuwenhuys. In addition to a myeloarchitectonic parcellation, our package includes intracortical laminar profiles of myelin content based on Vogt-Vogt-Hopf original publications. Histology-derived myelin density mapped on our atlas demonstrate close overlap with in vivo quantitative MRI markers for myelin and relates to cytoarchitectural features. Complementing the existing battery of approaches for digital cartography, the whole-brain myeloarchitectonic atlas offers an opportunity to validate imaging surrogate markers of myelin in both health and disease.

HighlightsO_LIOur myeloarchitectonic atlas builds on extensive meta-analyses-derived and ground-truth histological data.
C_LIO_LIOur atlas provides qualitative and quantitative 3D information on cortical myelin architecture.
C_LIO_LIMRI surrogate markers of myelin demonstrate close overlap with histological cortical parcellations, supporting biological validity of non-invasive metrics.
C_LIO_LIThis atlas can be seamlessly integrated into widely used neuroimaging analysis software to inform studies in health and disease.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foit, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A whole-brain 3D myeloarchitectonic atlas: mapping the Vogt-Vogt legacy to the cortical surface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Palatal morphology predicts the paleobiology of early salamanders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ecological preferences and life history strategies have enormous impacts on the evolution and phenotypic diversity of salamanders, but the yet established reliable ecological indicators hinder investigations on the paleobiology of early salamanders. Here we statistically demonstrate using geometric morphometric analysis that both the shape of the palate and many non-shape variables particularly associated with vomerine teeth are ecologically informative in early stem- and basal crown-group salamanders. The morphology of the palate is heavily impacted by convergence constrained by feeding mechanisms and also exhibits clear stepwise evolutionary patterns with alternative phenotypic designs to cope with similar functional demand. Paleoecological disparities in early salamanders had took place before the Middle Jurassic and have achieved all ecological preferences in the Early Cretaceous. Metamorphosis is significant in the expansion of ecomorphospace of the palate in early salamanders. The common ancestor of salamanders is metamorphosed and terrestrial, and share unified lifestyles with other modern amphibians.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Palatal morphology predicts the paleobiology of early salamanders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Collateral cleavage of 28s rRNA by RfxCas13d causes death of mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.17.476700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CRISPR-Cas13 system is an RNA-guided RNA-targeting system, and has been widely used in transcriptome engineering with potentially important clinical applications. However, it is still controversial whether Cas13 exhibits collateral activity in mammalian cells. Here, we found that knocking down gene expression using RfxCas13d in the adult brain neurons caused death of mice, which was not resulted from the loss of target gene function or off-target effects. Mechanistically, we showed that RfxCas13d exhibited collateral activity in mammalian cells, which is positively correlated with the abundance of target RNA. The collateral activity of RfxCas13d could cleave 28s rRNA into two fragments, leading to translation attenuation and activation of the ZAK-JNK/p38-immediate early gene (IEG) pathway. These results provide new mechanistic insights into the collateral activity of RfxCas13d and warn that the biosafety of CRISPR-Cas13 system needs further evaluation before applying it to clinical treatments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.17.476700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Collateral cleavage of 28s rRNA by RfxCas13d causes death of mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.476705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially resolved profiling of protein conformation and interactions by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.476705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The protein structures and interactions that maintain and regulate cellular processes in different subcellular organelles are heterogeneous and dynamic. However, it remains challenging to characterize the subcellular specificity and translocation of protein complexes in terms of conformation and interactions. Herein, we developed a spatially resolved protein complex profiling approach by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells (SPACX) to monitor the dynamics of protein conformation, interactions and translocation. The advancement of fast capturing protein complexes in the physiological state, coupled with efficient enrichment of the cross-linked peptides, ensured deep-coverage analysis of the protein interactome in living cells. By ensemble structure refinement with cross-linking restraints, subcellular-specific conformation heterogeneity was identified for PTEN. PTEN displayed a broader range of dynamic conformation changes on the dual specificity domains in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Moreover, based on conformational differences, different interacting assemblies involving 25 cytoplasm-exclusively and 18 nucleus-exclusively PTEN-interacting proteins were found to account for diverse biological functions. Upon ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) stress, the assembly of PTEN and its interacting partners changed obviously during translocation. We newly identified 36 PTEN-interacting proteins, which were found to be highly enriched in functional pathways closely related to cell apoptosis. Inspiringly, the interactions among PTEN isoforms and their interacting proteins were accessible by the determination of sequence-unique cross-linking interfaces for direct interactions. All these results indicate the promise of SPACX to elucidate the functional heterogeneity of proteins in individual subcellular sociology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.20.476705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially resolved profiling of protein conformation and interactions by biocompatible chemical cross-linking in living cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine and ALK4 signaling synergize to induce PCBP1-mediated alternative splicing of FosB and sustained behavioral sensitization to cocaine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.20.477040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{Delta}FosB, an alternative spliced product of FosB, is an essential component of dopamine-induced reward pathways and a master switch for addiction. However, the molecular mechanisms of its generation and regulation by dopamine signaling are unknown. Here we report that dopamine D1 receptor signaling synergizes with the activin/ALK4/Smad3 pathway to potentiate the generation of {Delta}FosB mRNA in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus-accumbens (NAc) through activation of the RNA binding protein PCBP1, a regulator of mRNA splicing. Concurrent activation of PCBP1 and Smad3 by D1 and ALK4 signaling induced their interaction, nuclear translocation, and binding to sequences in exon-4 and intron-4 of FosB mRNA. Ablation of either ALK4 or PCBP1 in MSNs impaired {Delta}FosB mRNA induction and nuclear translocation of {Delta}FosB protein in response to repeated co-stimulation of D1 and ALK4 receptors. Importantly, ALK4 was required in NAc MSNs of adult mice for behavioral sensitization to cocaine. These findings uncover an unexpected mechanism for {Delta}FosB generation and drug-induced sensitization through convergent dopamine and ALK4 signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krapacher, F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Suarez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrier-Ruiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.20.477040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine and ALK4 signaling synergize to induce PCBP1-mediated alternative splicing of FosB and sustained behavioral sensitization to cocaine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.476118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tissue-Specific Control of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis Revealed by Transcription Factor Profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.21.476118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are the most abundant cellular RNAs, and their synthesis from rDNA repeats by RNA Polymerase I accounts for the bulk of all transcription. Despite substantial variation in rRNA transcription rates across cell types, little is known about cell-type-specific factors that bind rDNA and regulate rRNA transcription to meet tissue-specific needs. Using hematopoiesis as a model system, we mapped about 2200 ChIP-Seq datasets for 250 transcription factors (TFs) and chromatin proteins to human and mouse rDNA, and identified robust binding of multiple TF families to canonical TF motifs on rDNA. Using a 47S-FISH-Flow assay developed for nascent rRNA quantification, we demonstrated that targeted degradation of CEBPA (C/EBP alpha), a critical hematopoietic TF with conserved rDNA binding, caused rapid reduction in rRNA transcription due to reduced Pol I occupancy. Our work identifies numerous potential rRNA regulators, and provides a template for dissection of TF roles in rRNA transcription.

HIGHLIGHTSO_LIMultiple cell-type-specific transcription factors (TFs) bind canonical motifs on rDNA.
C_LIO_LIThe hematopoietic TF CEBPA binds to active rDNA alleles at a conserved site.
C_LIO_LICEBPA promotes Polymerase I occupancy and rRNA transcription in myeloid progenitors.
C_LIO_LIWe present  47S-FISH-Flow, a sensitive assay to quantify nascent rRNA.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Antony, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somers, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorsheim, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu-Corts, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremblay, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilusz, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganley, A. R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pimkin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paralkar, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.21.476118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tissue-Specific Control of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis Revealed by Transcription Factor Profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.477691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CavitySpace: A database of potential ligand binding sites in the human proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.25.477691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ligand binding sites of a protein provide useful information to uncover its functions and to direct the structure-based drug design. However, as binding site detection relies on the three-dimensional (3D) structural data of proteins, functional analysis based on protein ligand binding sites is formidable for proteins without structural information. Recent developments in protein structure prediction and the 3D structures built by AlphaFold provide an unprecedented opportunity for analyzing ligand binding sites in human proteins. We have used the reliable ligand binding site detection program CAVITY to analyse all the proteins in the human proteome and constructed the CavitySpace database, which is the first pocket library for predicted protein structures. CavitySpace can be used to predict protein function based on pocket information, to identify new druggable protein targets for drug design, and to search for new binding sites for known drugs for drug repurposing. CavitySpace is freely available at http://www.pkumdl.cn:8000/cavityspace/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.25.477691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CavitySpace: A database of potential ligand binding sites in the human proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Existence of blood circulating immune-cell clusters (CICs) comprising antigen-presenting cells and B cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-to-cell physical interactions are involved in almost every physiological processes in multicellular organisms. Although the dynamics of these interactions could be highly diverse and complex in many circumstances, certain cell-to-cell interactions among immune cells have been well studied due importance in understanding disease pathogenesis and immune therapy development1. Dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells are directly involved in adaptive immune response against pathogens. Interaction mechanism between these two celltypes is well-known to occur in germinal centers either indirectly via helper T (Th) cells or directly via cell contact. However, there are animal in vitro and in vivo evidence that such direct DC-to-B cell contact can occur outside germinal centers like in peripheral blood or collagen matrix and display antiviral immune-related activity2,3. Here, we provide evidence that certain types of antigen presenting cells (APCs) can form robust cell clusters with B cells and circulate in blood. From healthy human blood immune single cell RNA-seq datasets, we detected APC subpopulations (0.34{+/-}0.19% of total PBMCs) that were also enriched with well-known naive B cell markers. We visually observed DC:B doublets and multiplets ([~]0.69% of total live PBMCs) in wildtype mouse blood using flow cytometry and microscopic imaging, thus proving the existence of circulating immune-cell clusters (CICs) composed of APCs and B cells. BCR repertoire of these healthy mouse CICs were similar to circulating B cells. Noticeably, frequency of these APC:B CICs were higher COVID-19 patients than healthy donors and their B cell subtype composition (e.g. naive, plasmablast, IgM+, IgG+) varied with disease severity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bae, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Existence of blood circulating immune-cell clusters (CICs) comprising antigen-presenting cells and B cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sampling-based Bayesian inference in recurrent circuits of stochastic spiking neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two facts about cortex are widely accepted: neuronal responses show large spiking variability with near Poisson statistics and cortical circuits feature abundant recurrent connections between neurons. How these spiking and circuit properties combine to support sensory representation and information processing is not well understood. We build a theoretical framework showing that these two ubiquitous features of cortex combine to produce optimal sampling-based Bayesian inference. Recurrent connections store an internal model of the external world, and Poissonian variability of spike responses drives flexible sampling from the posterior stimulus distributions obtained by combining feedforward and recurrent neuronal inputs. We illustrate how this framework for sampling-based inference can be used by cortex to represent latent multivariate stimuli organized either hierarchically or in parallel. A neural signature of such network sampling are internally generated differential correlations whose amplitude is determined by the prior stored in the circuit, which provides an experimentally testable prediction for our framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Josic, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doiron, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sampling-based Bayesian inference in recurrent circuits of stochastic spiking neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular insights into the MCM8/9 helicase complex in DNA unwinding and translocation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.26.477944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MCM8 and MCM9 form a functional helicase complex (MCM8/9) that plays an essential role in DNA homologous recombination repair for DNA double-strand break. However, the structural characterization of MCM8/9 for DNA binding/unwinding remains unclear. Here, we report structures of the MCM8/9 complex using cryo-electron microscopy single particle analysis. The structures reveal that MCM8/9 is arranged into a heterohexamer through a three-fold symmetry axis, creating a central channel that accommodates DNA. Multiple characteristic hairpins from the N-terminal oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide (OB) domains of MCM8/9 protrude into the central channel and serve to unwind the duplex DNA. When activated by HROB, the structure of MCM8/9s N-tier ring converts its symmetry from C3 to C1 with a conformational change that expands the MCM8/9s trimer interface. Moreover, our structural dynamic analyses revealed that the flexible C-tier ring exhibited rotary motions relative to the N-tier ring, which is required for the unwinding ability of MCM8/9. In summary, our structural and biochemistry study provide a basis for understanding the DNA unwinding mechanism of MCM8/9 helicase in homologous recombination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.26.477944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular insights into the MCM8/9 helicase complex in DNA unwinding and translocation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Origin of hexagonal metric of grid cells in navigating spaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.29.478346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To enable navigation in both physical and mental spaces, the human brain employs a cognitive map constructed from the global metrics of the entorhinal cortex and the local representations of the hippocampus. However, how these two regions coordinate to enable navigation remains poorly understood. Here, we designed an object-matching task where human participants unknowingly manipulated object variants arranged in a ring-like structure around a central prototype. Functional MRI revealed a 3-fold spatial periodicity in the hippocampal activity that tracked navigation directions from object variants to the central prototype. This hippocampal periodicity was phase-locked with the well-documented 6-fold periodicity of the entorhinal cortex, suggesting hierarchical interaction between these regions. Consistent with this neural pattern, a corresponding 3-fold periodicity was observed in behavioral performance, which was synchronized with hippocampal activity. Finally, an EC-HPC PhaseSync model reproduced this phenomenon, in which the 6-fold activity periodicity of entorhinal grid cells across directions projects vectorial representations to the hippocampus, and the collection of these vectors exhibits 3-fold periodicity to represent conceptual directions. Together, these findings reveal a periodic mechanism through which entorhinal grid codes structure hippocampal vector representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.29.478346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Origin of hexagonal metric of grid cells in navigating spaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward an atomistic model of SARS-CoV-2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The causative pathogen of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an enveloped virus assembled by a lipid envelope and multiple structural proteins. In this study, by integrating experimental data, structural modeling, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we constructed multiscale models of SARS-CoV-2. Our 500-ns coarse-grained simulation of the intact virion allowed us to investigate the dynamic behavior of the membrane-embedded proteins and the surrounding lipid molecules in situ. Our results indicated that the membrane-embedded proteins are highly dynamic, and certain types of lipids exhibit various binding preferences to specific sites of the membrane-embedded proteins. The equilibrated virion model was transformed into atomic resolution, which provided a 3D structure for scientific demonstration and can serve as a framework for future exascale all-atom MD simulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward an atomistic model of SARS-CoV-2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Genetically Encoded BRET-based SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Protease Activity Sensor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.31.478460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease, Mpro, is critical for its replication and is an appealing target for designing anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. In this regard, a number of assays have been developed based on its cleavage sequence preferences to monitor its activity. These include the usage of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based substrates in vitro and a FlipGFP reporter, one which fluoresces after Mpro-mediated cleavage, in live cells. Here, we have engineered a pair of genetically encoded, Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based sensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro proteolytic activity in living host cells as well as in vitro assays. The sensors were generated by sandwiching Mpro N-terminal autocleavage sites, either AVLQSGFR (short) or KTSAVLQSGFRKME (long), in between the mNeonGreen and nanoLuc proteins. Co-expression of the sensor with the Mpro in live cells resulted in its cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner while mutation of the critical C145 residue (C145A) in Mpro completely abrogated the sensor cleavage. Importantly, the BRET-based sensors displayed increased sensitivities and specificities as compared to the recently developed FlipGFP-based Mpro sensor. Additionally, the sensors recapitulated the inhibition of Mpro by the well-characterized pharmacological agent GC376. Further, in vitro assays with the BRET-based Mpro sensors revealed a molecular crowding-mediated increase in the rate of Mpro activity and a decrease in the inhibitory potential of GC376. The sensor developed here will find direct utility in studies related to drug discovery targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and functional genomics application to determine the effect of sequence variation in Mpro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geethakumari, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasool, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatima, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, S. M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aouida, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.01.31.478460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Genetically Encoded BRET-based SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Protease Activity Sensor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478933v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Requirement of cholesterol for calcium-dependent vesicle fusion by stabilizing synaptotagmin-1-induced membrane bending 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.03.478933v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholesterol is essential for neuronal activity and function. Cholesterol depletion in the plasma membrane impairs synaptic transmission. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol deficiency leads to defects in vesicle fusion remain poorly understood. Here we show that cholesterol is required for Ca2+-dependent native vesicle fusion using the in-vitro reconstitution of fusion and amperometry to monitor exocytosis in chromaffin cells. Purified native vesicles were crucial for the reconstitution of physiological Ca2+-dependent fusion, whereas vesicle-mimicking liposomes failed to reproduce the cholesterol effect. Intriguingly, cholesterol had no effect on membrane binding of synaptotagmin-1, a Ca2+ sensor for ultrafast fusion. Cholesterol stabilizes local membrane bending induced by synaptotagmin-1, thereby lowering the energy barrier for Ca2+-dependent fusion to occur. Our data provide evidence that cholesterol depletion abolishes Ca2+-dependent vesicle fusion by disrupting synaptotagmin-1-induced membrane bending, and suggests that cholesterol is an important lipid regulator for Ca2+-dependent fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moussa, H. Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.03.478933</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Requirement of cholesterol for calcium-dependent vesicle fusion by stabilizing synaptotagmin-1-induced membrane bending]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479349v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Epitope Mapping of Broad Sarbecovirus Neutralizing Antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.07.479349v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omicron sub-lineage BA.2 has rapidly surged globally, accounting for over 60% of recent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Newly acquired RBD mutations and high transmission advantage over BA.1 urge the investigation of BA.2s immune evasion capability. Here, we show that BA.2 causes strong neutralization resistance, comparable to BA.1, in vaccinated individuals plasma. However, BA.2 displays more severe antibody evasion in BA.1 convalescents, and most prominently, in vaccinated SARS convalescents plasma, suggesting a substantial antigenicity difference between BA.2 and BA.1. To specify, we determined the escaping mutation profiles1,2 of 714 SARS-CoV-2 RBD neutralizing antibodies, including 241 broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies isolated from SARS convalescents, and measured their neutralization efficacy against BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2. Importantly, BA.2 specifically induces large-scale escape of BA.1/BA.1.1-effective broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies via novel mutations T376A, D405N, and R408S. These sites were highly conserved across sarbecoviruses, suggesting that Omicron BA.2 arose from immune pressure selection instead of zoonotic spillover. Moreover, BA.2 reduces the efficacy of S309 (Sotrovimab)3,4 and broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies targeting the similar epitope region, including BD55-5840. Structural comparisons of BD55-5840 in complexes with BA.1 and BA.2 spike suggest that BA.2 could hinder antibody binding through S371F-induced N343-glycan displacement. Intriguingly, the absence of G446S mutation in BA.2 enabled a proportion of 440-449 linear epitope targeting antibodies to retain neutralizing efficacy, including COV2-2130 (Cilgavimab)5. Together, we showed that BA.2 exhibits distinct antigenicity compared to BA.1 and provided a comprehensive profile of SARS-CoV-2 antibody escaping mutations. Our study offers critical insights into the humoral immune evading mechanism of current and future variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.479349</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Epitope Mapping of Broad Sarbecovirus Neutralizing Antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Auto-Immunoproteomics Analysis of COVID-19 ICU Patients Revealed Increased Levels of Autoantibodies Related to Male Reproductive System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of autoantibodies in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complications is not yet fully understood. The current investigation screened two independent cohorts of 97 COVID-19 patients (Discovery (Disc) cohort from Qatar (n = 49) and Replication (Rep) cohort from New York (n = 48)) utilizing high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) immunome protein-array technology. Autoantibody responses to 57 proteins were significantly altered in the COVID-19 Disc cohort compared to healthy controls (P [&le;] 0.05). The Rep cohort had altered autoantibody responses against 26 proteins compared to non-COVID-19 ICU patients that served as controls. Both cohorts showed substantial similarities (r2 = 0.73) and exhibited higher autoantibodies responses to numerous transcription factors, immunomodulatory proteins, and human disease markers. Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed elevated autoantibody responses against SPANXN4, STK25, ATF4, PRKD2, and CHMP3 proteins in COVID-19 patients. KREX analysis of the specific IgG autoantibody responses indicates that the targeted host proteins are supposedly increased in COVID-19 patients. The autoantigen-autoantibody response was cross-validated for SPANXN4 and STK25 proteins using Uniprot BLASTP and sequence alignment tools. SPANXN4 is essential for spermiogenesis and male fertility, which may predict a potential role for this protein in COVID-19 associated male reproductive tract complications and warrants further research.

Significance StatementCoronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has emerged as a global pandemic with a high morbidity rate and multiorgan complications. It is observed that the host immune system contributes to the varied responses to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Autoantibodies, immune system proteins that mistakenly target the bodys own tissue, may underlie some of this variation. We screened total IgG autoantibody responses against 1,318 human proteins in two COVID-19 patient cohorts. We observed several novel markers in COVID-19 patients that are associated with male fertility, such as sperm protein SPANXN4, STK25, and the apoptotic factor ATF4. Particularly, elevated levels of autoantibodies against the testicular tissue-specific protein SPANXN4 offer significant evidence of anticipating the protein role in COVID-19 associated male reproductive complications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdesselem, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suhre, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohail, m. u.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Nesf, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensmail, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mashod, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarwath, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schenck, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaikath, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed-Ali, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Maadheedh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arredouani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decock, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, A. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Agnaf, O. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Auto-Immunoproteomics Analysis of COVID-19 ICU Patients Revealed Increased Levels of Autoantibodies Related to Male Reproductive System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elasticity generates indissoluble biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.09.479808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While biomolecular condensates are often liquid-like, many experiments found that condensates also exhibit solid-like behaviors, making them indissoluble in conditions liquid condensates dissolve. Despite the biological significance of indissoluble condensates to cellular fitness, the mechanisms underlying the indissolubility of solid-like condensates are still unclear. In this work, we study the effects of elasticity on the dissolution of biomolecular condensates. We demonstrate that the bulk stress inside condensates may prevent the condensates from dissolution and obtain a new mechanical equilibrium condition of elastic condensates. Moreover, we theoretically predict a phase diagram of indissolubility for biomolecular condensates and identify a minimum bulk modulus for the condensates to be indissoluble. To verify our theories, we simulate the two-fluid model in which the slow component corresponding to biomolecules generates elastic stress. Our theoretical predictions are nicely confirmed and independent of microscopic details. Our works show that elasticity makes biomolecular condensates less prone to dissolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.09.479808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elasticity generates indissoluble biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.480016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Compartmental Neuropeptide Release Measured Using a New Oxytocin Sensor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.10.480016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As a peptide hormone and neuromodulator, oxytocin (OT) plays a critical role in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes in both the central nervous system and the periphery. However, the processes that regulate spatial OT release in the brain remain enigmatic. Here, we developed a genetically encoded GPCR activation-based (GRAB) OT sensor called GRABOT1.0. Using this sensor, we directly visualized stimulation-induced OT release from specific compartments of OT neurons in acute brain slices, and discovered that N-type calcium channels predominantly mediate axonal OT release, while L-type calcium channels mediate somatodendritic OT release. In addition, we found that components in the fusion machinery of OT release differ between axon terminals versus somata and dendrites. Finally, we demonstrated the sensor responses to the activation of OT neurons in various brain regions in vivo and revealed region specific OT release during male courtship behavior. Taken together, these results provide key insights regarding the role of compartmental OT release in the control of physiological and behavioral functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osakada, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kania, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grinevich, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoop, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.10.480016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Compartmental Neuropeptide Release Measured Using a New Oxytocin Sensor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing base-resolution DNA mechanics on the genome scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.16.480786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsic DNA properties such as bending play a crucial role in diverse biological systems. A recent advantage in the high-throughput method called loop-seq makes it possible to determine bendability of hundred thousand 50-bp DNA duplexes in one experiment. However, its still infeasible to assess whole sequence bendability in large genomes such as human, which needs thousands of loop-seq experiments. Here we introduce  BendNet - a neural network to accurately predict the intrinsic DNA bending at base-resolution by only given DNA sequences. BendNet can increase the resolution of experimental results, and can predict DNA bendability for any new given sequences in high accuracy. We applied BendNet to the human genome and observed high-stiffness regions located at both transcriptional start sites and transcriptional end sites. Such stiffness patterns are different for coding and non-coding genes, which matches distinct nucleosome occupancy patterns. As expected, most transcription factors (TFs) bind in DNA of low bendability. In contrast, we observed an unusually high bendability within binding elements of specific TFs such as EBF1 and regulators of genome folding such as CTCF. These factors either co-bind or compete with nucleosomes to carry out their functions. More interestingly, CTCF binding regions exhibit the highest bendability than other DNA elements, implying their potential role in trapping and holding the CTCF in the exact locations to make sure CTCF as stable anchor in loop extrusion process. Our work provides a tool to assess DNA bendability for large-scale DNA sequences and expands our understanding on DNA mechanics in chromatin regulation and genome folding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.16.480786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing base-resolution DNA mechanics on the genome scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Neuropsin-based Optogenetic Tool for Precise Control of Gq signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gq-coupled receptors regulate numerous physiological processes by activating enzymes and inducing intracellular Ca2+ signals. There is a strong need for an optogenetic tool that enables powerful experimental control over Gq signaling. Here, we present chicken opsin 5 (cOpn5) as the long sought-after, single-component optogenetic tool that mediates ultra-sensitive optical control of intracellular Gq signaling with high temporal and spatial resolution. Expressing cOpn5 in mammalian cells enables blue light-triggered, Gq-dependent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and protein kinase C activation. Strong Ca2+ transients were evoked by brief light pulses of merely 10 ms duration and at 3 orders lower light intensity of that for common optogenetic tools. Photostimulation of cOpn5-expressing cells at the subcellular and single-cell levels generated intracellular and intercellular Ca2+ wave propagation, respectively, thus demonstrating the high spatial precision of cOpn5 optogenetics. The cOpn5-mediated optogenetics could also be applied to activate neurons and control animal behavior in a circuit-dependent manner. We further revealed that optogenetic activation of cOpn5-expressing astrocytes induced massive ATP release and modulation neuronal activation in the brain of awake, behaving mice. cOpn5 optogenetics may find broad applications in studying the mechanisms and functional relevance of Gq signaling in both non-excitable cells and excitable cells in all major organ systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Neuropsin-based Optogenetic Tool for Precise Control of Gq signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequency dependent growth of bacteria in living materials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.22.481564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The fusion of living bacteria and man-made materials represents a new frontier in medical and biosynthetic technology. However, the principles of bacterial signal processing inside three dimensional and fluctuating environments of synthetic materials remain elusive. Here, we study bacterial growth in a three-dimensional hydrogel. We find that bacteria expressing an antibiotic resistance module can take advantage of ambient kinetic disturbances to improve growth while encapsulated. We show that these changes in bacterial growth are specific to disturbance frequency and hydrogel density. This remarkable specificity is consistent with stochastic resonance theory, which we leverage to explain how bacteria can integrate spatial and temporal information to control growth. This research provides a quantitative foundation for the control of living materials and a systematic framework towards understanding bacterial information processing in three-dimensional environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lewis, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.22.481564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequency dependent growth of bacteria in living materials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic analysis of human milk reveals nutritional and immune benefits in the colostrum from mothers with COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.25.481966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The range of benefits breastfeeding provides neonates and infants include nutrition, improved neonatal survival, and reduced morbidity from certain diseases. It also aids maternal health by speeding postpartum recovery. However, due to concern about the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the lack of evidence of breastmilks protective effects against the virus, whether mothers with COVID-19 should be encouraged to breastfeed is under debate. Here, we present the results of proteomic and glycoproteomic studies of breast milk (colostrum and mature milk) from mothers with confirmed COVID-19. All colostrum samples exhibited significantly upregulated immune-related proteins, especially whey proteins with antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, and increased glycosylation levels and heterogeneity at those proteins. Such adaptive differences in milk from COVID-19 mothers tend to fade in mature milk from the same mothers one month postpartum. These results suggest the immune benefits of colostrum from mothers with COVID-19 and provide molecular-level insights that aid breastmilk feeding decisions in cases of active infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.481966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic analysis of human milk reveals nutritional and immune benefits in the colostrum from mothers with COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.481910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cooperative switch within the KaiC hexamer revealed by cryo-EM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.27.481910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circadian clock of cyanobacteria is based on an approximately 24h rhythm in the phosphorylation level of KaiC, a hexameric ATPase. This oscillation can be reconstituted in vitro by incubating three proteins together with ATP. Like all chemical oscillators, this system must include a nonlinear, or switch-like, feedback loop, whose nature has been unclear. Here, by using single particle cryo-EM at near-atomic resolution we identified two major conformational states of KaiC subunits, denoted as the exposed state and the buried state, which may provide a structural basis of how the KaiC hexamer changes its conformation during the (day-night) phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle. We classify the abundance and pattern of exposed and buried states within hexamers for more than 160,000 KaiC particles. The statistics of the spatial arrangement of the two states in hexamers can be quantitatively fit by a simple statistical physics model with an interaction energy between neighboring subunits and a local field that depends on phosphorylation state. Our study shows that phosphorylation shifts the probability of each conformation and reveals that there is substantial cooperativity between neighboring subunits, which can allow a KaiC hexamer to respond in an ultrasensitive, switch-like manner to changes in the phosphorylation level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rust, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-02-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.02.27.481910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cooperative switch within the KaiC hexamer revealed by cryo-EM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-02-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482591v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering of Somatic Mutational Signatures of Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.01.482591v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatic mutational signatures (MSs) identified by genome sequencing play important roles in exploring the cause and development of cancer. Thus far, many such signatures have been identified, and some of them do imply causes of cancer. However, a major bottleneck is that we do not know the potential meanings (i.e., cancer causal or biological functions) and contributing genes for most of them. Here we presented a computational framework, Gene Somatic Genome Pattern (GSGP), which can decipher the molecular mechanisms of the MSs. More importantly, it is the first time, GSGP is able to process MSs from RNA sequencing, which greatly extended the applications of both MS analysis and RNA sequencing. As a result, GSGP analysis matches consistently with previous reports and identify the aetiologies for a number of novel signatures. Notably, we applied GSGP to RNA sequencing data and revealed an RNA-derived MS involved in deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer (CRC).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.01.482591</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering of Somatic Mutational Signatures of Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antiviral and Neuroprotective Abilities of Influenza Virus Infection in Tractable Brain Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived brain organoids offer an unprecedented opportunity for various applications as an in vitro model, such as modeling virus infection and drug screening. In this study, we present an experimental brain organoid platform for modeling infection with multiple viruses (e.g., influenza virus or enterovirus). Brain organoids challenged by influenza viruses (H1N1-WSN and H3N2-HKT68) had decreased overall organoid size, similar to ZIKA virus infection, while enteroviruses (EV68 and EV71) infected brain organoids displayed the opposite result. Then, we studied the molecular events in WSN-infected organoids, and we found that WSN could widely infect multiple cell types, and preferentially infected MAP2+ neurons compared to SOX2+ neural stem cells (NSCs) and GFAP+ astrocytes in brain organoids, and induced apoptosis of NSCs and neurons, but not astrocytes. The inflammatory responses in organoids observed to occur (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin 6) after WSN infection may further facilitate brain damage. Furthermore, transcriptional profiling revealed several upregulated genes (CSAG3 and OAS2) and downregulated genes (CDC20B, KCNJ13, OTX2-AS1, CROCC2, and F5) after WSN infection for 24 hpi and 96 hpi, implicating antiviral drugs development responses to WSN. Finally, we explored neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF, GDNF, and NT3) and PYC-12 as antiviral and neuroprotective reagents, which could significantly suppress virus infection, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Collectively, we established a tractable experimental model system to investigate the impact and mechanism of virus infection on human brain development, and provide a platform for rapidly screening therapeutic compounds, advancing the development of antiviral strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antiviral and Neuroprotective Abilities of Influenza Virus Infection in Tractable Brain Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482659v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulated in living cells based on green fluorescence protein labeled phasin: The qPHA method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.02.482659v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), are microbial polyesters with possibility to replace non-biodegradable petro-plastics. No rapid in situ PHA quantitation method has been available for the past 40 years to replace the traditional method which is complicated, time and labor consuming. Quantification of PHA in living cells were finally developed from fluorescence intensities generated from green fluorescence protein (GFP) fused with the Halomonas bluephagenesis phasin proteins attached on the PHA granules. Phasins PhaP1 and PhaP2 were used to fuse with GFP which reflects PHA accumulation with an R-square over 0.9, respectively. Also, a standard correlation was established to calculate PHA contents based on the fluorescence and cell density recorded via a microplate reader with R-square over 0.95 when grown on various substrates, respectively. The PhaP2-GFP containing H. bluephagenesis was applied successfully to quantify PHA synthesis in a 7.5 L fermenter with high precision. The method is named qPHA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.02.482659</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulated in living cells based on green fluorescence protein labeled phasin: The qPHA method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482573v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Periventricular nodular heterotopia is functionally coupled with the neocortex during resting and task states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482573v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a well-defined developmental disorder characterized by failed neuronal migration, which forms ectopic neuronal nodules along the ventricular walls. Previous studies mainly focus on clinical symptoms caused by the PVNH tissue, such as seizures. However, little is known about whether and how neurons in the PVNH tissue functionally communicate with neurons in the neocortex. To probe this, we applied magnetoencephalography (MEG) and stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) recordings to patients with PVNH during resting and task states. By estimating frequency-resolved phase coupling strength of the source-reconstructed neural activities, we found that the PVNH tissue was spontaneously coupled with the neocortex in the  to {beta} frequency range, which was consistent with the synchronization pattern within the neocortical network. Furthermore, the coupling strength between PVNH and sensory areas effectively modulated the local neural activity in sensory areas. In both MEG and sEEG visual experiments, the PVNH tissue exhibited visual evoked responses, with a similar pattern and latency as the ipsilateral visual cortex. These findings demonstrate that PVNH is functionally integrated into cognition-related cortical circuits, suggesting a co-development perspective of ectopic neurons after their migration failure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englot, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482573</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Periventricular nodular heterotopia is functionally coupled with the neocortex during resting and task states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subgroups of eating behavior traits independent of obesity defined using functional connectivity and feature representation learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.03.482759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWEating behavior is highly heterogeneous across individuals, and thus, it cannot be fully explained using only the degree of obesity. We utilized unsupervised machine learning and functional connectivity measures to explore the heterogeneity of eating behaviors. This study was conducted on 424 healthy adults. We generated low-dimensional representations of functional connectivity defined using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, and calculated latent features using the feature representation capabilities of an autoencoder by nonlinearly compressing the functional connectivity information. The clustering approaches applied to latent features identified three distinct subgroups. The subgroups exhibited different disinhibition and hunger traits; however, their body mass indices were comparable. The model interpretation technique of integrated gradients revealed that these distinctions were associated with the functional reorganization in higher-order associations and limbic networks and reward-related subcortical structures. The cognitive decoding analysis revealed that these systems are associated with reward- and emotion-related systems. We replicated our findings using an independent dataset, thereby suggesting generalizability. Our findings provide insights into the macroscopic brain organization of eating behavior-related subgroups independent of obesity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byeon, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.03.482759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subgroups of eating behavior traits independent of obesity defined using functional connectivity and feature representation learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Canine saliva is a source of interspecies antimicrobial resistance gene transfer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.07.483304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the One Health issues of intensive animal farming are commonly discussed, keeping companion animals is less associated with the interspecies headway of antimicrobial resistance. With the constant advance of veterinary standards, antibiotics are regularly applied in companion animal medicine. Due to the close coexsistance of dogs and humans, dog bites and other casual encounters with dog saliva (e.g. licking the owner) are common. According to our metagenome studies based on 26 new generation sequencing canine saliva datasets from 2020 and 2021 reposited in NCBI SRA by The 10,000 Dog Genome Consortium and the Broad Institute within Darwins Ark project, canine saliva is rich in bacteria with predictably transferable antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). In the genom of potentially pathogenic Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Pasteurella, Porphyromonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species, that are some of the most relevant bacteria in dog bite infections, ARGs against aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, oxazolidinone, penams, phenicols, pleuromutilins, streptogramins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines could be identfied. Several ARGs, including ones against amoxicillin-clavulanate, the most commonly applied antibiotic by dog bites, was predicted to be potentially transferable based on their association with mobile genetic elements (e.g. plasmids, phages, integrated mobile genetic elements). According to our findings canine saliva may be a source of transfer of ARG-rich bacteria, that can either colonize the human body or transport ARGs to the host bacteriota and thus can be considered as a risk in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Toth, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toth, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rozsa, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovacs, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dubecz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patai, A. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nemeth, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makrai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solymosi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.07.483304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Canine saliva is a source of interspecies antimicrobial resistance gene transfer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Niche-based deterministic assembly processes strengthen the effects of β-diversity on metacommunity functioning of marine bacterioplankton 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies at a local community () level have shown that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning due to niche-based deterministic processes like resource partitioning. Extending to a metacommunity ({beta}) level, we hypothesize that {beta} diversity also positively affects metacommunity functioning. We further hypothesize that the {beta} diversity effect is stronger (more positive) when {beta} diversity is increased by deterministic/non-random assembly processes. To test the hypotheses, we collected bacterioplankton along a transect of 6 stations in the southern East China Sea in 14 cruises. All 6 stations within a cruise were regarded as a metacommunity. For any pairs of the 6 stations, the Bray-Curtis index and summed bacterial biomass were calculated to represent {beta} diversity and metacommunity functioning, respectively. We also calculated deviation of observed mean pairwise phylogenetic similarities among species from random to represent the deterministic influences of assembly processes. We found that bacterial {beta} diversity generally positively affects metacommunity functioning; however, the {beta} diversity effect varied among cruises. Cross-cruise comparison indicates that the {beta} diversity effect increased with the deterministic assembly processes selecting for phylogenetically dissimilar species. This study extends the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research to a metacommunity level, complementing the current framework by considering community assembly in natural environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A. C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiah, F.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, C.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.09.483723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Niche-based deterministic assembly processes strengthen the effects of β-diversity on metacommunity functioning of marine bacterioplankton]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and mechanism of a mitochondrial AAA+ disaggregase CLBP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.10.483744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human AAA+ ATPase CLPB (SKD3) is a protein disaggregase in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and functions to promote the solubilization of various mitochondrial proteins. CLPB deficiency by mutations is associated with a few human diseases with neutropenia and neurological disorders. Unlike canonical AAA+ proteins, CLPB contains a unique ankyrin repeat domain (ANK) at its N-terminus. The mechanism of CLPB functions as a disaggregase and the role of its ANK domain are currently unclear. Herein, we report a comprehensive structural characterization of human CLPB in both the apo- and substrate-bound states. CLPB assembles into homo- tetradecamers in apo-state and is remodeled into homo-dodecamers upon binding to substrates. Conserved pore- loops on the ATPase domains form a spiral staircase to grip and translocate the substrate in a step-size of two amino acid residues. The ANK domain is not only responsible for maintaining the higher-order assembly but also essential for the disaggregase activity. Interactome analysis suggests that the ANK domain may directly interact with a variety of mitochondrial substrates. These results reveal unique properties of CLPB as a general disaggregase in mitochondria and highlight its potential as a target for the treatment of various mitochondria-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.10.483744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and mechanism of a mitochondrial AAA+ disaggregase CLBP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the C. elegans Pharyngeal Cuticle Reveals a Structure Rich in Phase-Separating Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.11.483951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Roughly 4.5 million species of ecdysozoan animals repeatedly shed their old cuticle and construct a new one underneath to accommodate growth. How cuticles are constructed is not well understood. Here, we systematically mine gene expression datasets to uncover the spatiotemporal blueprint for how the chitin-based pharyngeal cuticle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is built. We demonstrate that the blueprint correctly predicts expression patterns and functional relevance to cuticle development. We find that as larvae prepare to molt, catabolic enzymes are upregulated and the genes that encode chitin synthase, chitin cross-linkers, and homologs of amyloid regulators subsequently peak in expression. 48% of the gene products secreted during the molt are predicted to be intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), many of which belong to four distinct families that are expressed in overlapping waves. These include the IDPAs, IDPBs, and IDPCs that are introduced for the first time here. We find that all four families have sequence properties known to drive phase separation and show in vitro phase separation for one of these proteins. This systematic analysis reveals the massive contribution that IDPs make to the cuticle and highlights how reversibly phase-separating materials may facilitate cuticle disassembly and reassembly during the molt.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kamal, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokmakjian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastrangelo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wojciechowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacs, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grolmusz, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forman-Kay, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.11.483951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of the C. elegans Pharyngeal Cuticle Reveals a Structure Rich in Phase-Separating Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PP2A forestalls mitophagy by dephosphorylating Parkin and ubiquitin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.12.484070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process that removes damaged mitochondria. PINK1-Parkin axis is primarily responsible for initiating mitophagy via feedforward mechanism, in which PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin and Parkin, and Parkin gains E3 ligase activity at the mitochondrial outer membrane. However, the phosphatase of pParkin is unknown, and the braking mechanism of mitophagy is incomplete. Here we report that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of Parkin and ubiquitin, with C, A, and B55, the catalytic scaffolding and regulatory subunits, respectively. Up- or down-regulation of PP2A protein level in cells by over-expression or transfection of specific siRNA decreases or increases Parkin and ubiquitin phosphorylation levels, respectively. Consequently, PP2A phosphatase activity negatively modulates mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and forestalls mitophagy. Our finding thus places PP2A, an enzyme already known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, further intertwined with the PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, S.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.12.484070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PP2A forestalls mitophagy by dephosphorylating Parkin and ubiquitin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-time denoising of fluorescence time-lapse imaging enables high-sensitivity observations of biological dynamics beyond the shot-noise limit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the inherent photon shot noise caused by the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty, degrades image quality, and limits imaging resolution, speed, and sensitivity. To achieve high-sensitivity imaging beyond the shot-noise limit, we provide DeepCAD-RT, a versatile self-supervised method for effective noise suppression of fluorescence time-lapse imaging. We made comprehensive optimizations to reduce its data dependency, processing time, and memory consumption, finally allowing real-time processing on a two-photon microscope. High imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be acquired with 10-fold fewer fluorescence photons. Meanwhile, the self-supervised superiority makes it a practical tool in fluorescence microscopy where ground-truth images for training are hard to obtain. We demonstrated the utility of DeepCAD-RT in extensive experiments, including in vivo calcium imaging of various model organisms (mouse, zebrafish larva, fruit fly), 3D migration of neutrophils after acute brain injury, and 3D dynamics of cortical ATP (adenosine 5-triphosphate) release. DeepCAD-RT will facilitate the morphological and functional interrogation of biological dynamics with minimal photon budget.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-time denoising of fluorescence time-lapse imaging enables high-sensitivity observations of biological dynamics beyond the shot-noise limit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domain boundary identification and new motifs discovery based on motif-intermotifs standardized architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.14.484258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) is a diverse family of biosynthetic enzymes for the assembly of bioactive peptides. Despite advances in microbial sequencing, the lack of a consistent standard for annotating NRPS domains and modules has made data-driven discoveries challenging. To address this, we introduced a standardized architecture for NRPS, by using known conserved motifs to partition typical domains. This motif-and-intermotif standardization allowed for systematic evaluations of sequence properties from a large number of NRPS pathways, resulting in the most comprehensive cross-kingdom C domain subtype classifications to date, as well as the discovery and experimental validation of novel conserved motifs with functional significance. Furthermore, our coevolution analysis revealed important barriers associated with reengineering NRPSs and uncovered the entanglement between phylogeny and substrate specificity in NRPS sequences. Our findings provide a comprehensive and statistically insightful analysis of NRPS sequences, opening avenues for future data-driven discoveries.

Author SummaryNRPS, a gigantic enzyme that produces diverse microbial secondary metabolites, provides a rich source for important medical products including antibiotics. Despite the extensive knowledge gained about its structure and the large amount of sequencing data available, the frequent failure of reengineering NRPS in synthetic biology highlights the fact that much is still unknown. In this work, we applied existing knowledge to data mining of NRPS sequences, using well-known conserved motifs to partition NRPS sequences into motif-intermotif architectures. This standardization allows for integrating large amounts of sequences from different sources, providing a comprehensive overview of NRPSs across different kingdoms. Our findings included new C domain subtypes, novel conserved motifs with implication in structural flexibility, and insights into why NRPSs are so difficult to reengineer. To facilitate researchers in related fields, we constructed an online platform "NRPS Motif Finder" for parsing the motif-and-intermotif architecture and C domain subtype classification (http://www.bdainformatics.org/page?type=NRPSMotifFinder). We believe that this knowledge-guided approach not only advances our understanding of NRPSs but also provides a useful methodology for data mining in large-scale biological sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.14.484258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase domain boundary identification and new motifs discovery based on motif-intermotifs standardized architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure and influence in an interconnected world: neurocomputational mechanism of real-time distributed learning on social networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.22.485414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many social species are embedded on social networks, including our own. The structure of social networks shapes our decisions by constraining what information we learn and from whom. But how does the brain incorporate social network structures into learning and decision-making processes, and how does learning in networked environments differ from learning from isolated partners? Combining a real-time distributed learning task with computational modeling, fMRI, and social network analysis, we investigated the process by which humans learn from observing others decisions on 7-node networks with varying topological structures. We show that learning on social networks can be realized by means similar to the well-established reinforcement learning algorithm, supported by an action prediction error encoded in the lateral prefrontal cortex. Importantly, learning is flexibly weighted toward well-connected neighbors, according to activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, but only insofar as neighbors actions vary in their informativeness. These data suggest a neurocomputational mechanism of network-dependent filtering on the sources of information, which may give rise to biased learning and the spread of misinformation in an interconnected society.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.22.485414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure and influence in an interconnected world: neurocomputational mechanism of real-time distributed learning on social networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sub-cellular dynamic investigation of the multi-component drug on the gastric cancer cell BGC823 using Raman spectroscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.24.485691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The potential of Raman spectroscopy in anticancer drug study has been demonstrated, yet its ability to character systematic cellular changes caused by multi-component drugs has not been explored. Here we used micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with bright field imaging to study Compound Kushen injection (CKI) at a sub-cellular level including intracellular vesicles(IVs). In our report, CKI caused dysfunction of DNA replication and repair was displayed by Raman spectrum (RS) from the cell nucleus. Meanwhile, the dynamics of CKI induced intracellular vesicles and cell component deconstruction was delineated by RS from the cytoplasm and IVs. The lipids-related biomolecular changes were also presented by the cytoplasm RS: the lipids level in the cytoplasm first descended then uprising. In conclusion, this study validated the mechanism and displayed the dynamics of CKI in treating cancer cells. We proved the capability of subcellular micro-Raman spectroscopy for detecting systematic cellular changes and its application for multi-component drug evaluation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>shang, w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ye, a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>fang, t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.24.485691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sub-cellular dynamic investigation of the multi-component drug on the gastric cancer cell BGC823 using Raman spectroscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A toolkit of highly selective and sensitive genetically encoded neuropeptide sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.26.485911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropeptides are key signaling molecules in the endocrine and nervous systems that regulate many critical physiological processes, including energy balance, sleep and circadian rhythms, stress, and social behaviors. Understanding the functions of neuropeptides in vivo requires the ability to monitor their dynamics with high specificity, sensitivity, and spatiotemporal resolution; however, this has been hindered by the lack of direct, sensitive and non-invasive tools. Here, we developed a series of GRAB (G protein-coupled receptor activation-based) sensors for detecting somatostatin (SST), cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin (NTS), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). These fluorescent sensors utilize the corresponding GPCRs as the neuropeptide-sensing module with the insertion of a circular-permutated GFP as the optical reporter. This design detects the binding of specific neuropeptides at nanomolar concentration with a robust increase in fluorescence. We used these GRAB neuropeptide sensors to measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous SST release in isolated pancreatic islets and to detect the release of both CCK and CRF in acute brain slices. Moreover, we detect endogenous CRF release induced by stressful experiences in vivo using fiber photometry and 2-photon imaging in mice. Together, these new sensors establish a robust toolkit for studying the release, function, and regulation of neuropeptides under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osakada, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A toolkit of highly selective and sensitive genetically encoded neuropeptide sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.27.485970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local 5-HT signal bi-directionally regulates the coincidence time window of associative learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.27.485970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporal coincidence between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is essential for associative learning across species. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the mechanism that may regulate this time window duration remains unclear yet. Using olfactory associative learning in Drosophila as a model, we find that suppressing or promoting serotonin (5-HT) signal could respectively shorten or prolong the coincidence time window of odor-shock associative learning and synaptic plasticity in mushroom body (MB) Kenyon cells (KCs). Capitalizing on GPCR-activation based (GRAB) sensors for 5-HT and acetylcholine (ACh), we characterized the in vivo 5-HT dynamics in MB lobes during odor and shock stimulations and further dissected this microcircuit. Interestingly, local KC-released ACh activates nicotinic receptors on the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neuron, and in turn the DPM neuron releases 5-HT to inhibit the ACh signal via the 5-HT1a receptor. Finally, we demonstrated that the DPM-mediated serotonergic feedback circuit is sufficient and necessary to regulate the coincidence time window. This work provides a model for studying the temporal contingency of environmental events and their causal relationship.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhangren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.27.485970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local 5-HT signal bi-directionally regulates the coincidence time window of associative learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finding the strongest gene drive: Simulations reveal unexpected performance differences between Anopheles homing suppression drive candidates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.28.486009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent experiments have produced several Anopheles gambiae homing gene drives that disrupt female fertility genes, thereby eventually inducing population collapse. Such drives may be highly effective tools to combat malaria. One such homing drive, based on the zpg promoter driving CRISPR/Cas9, was able to eliminate a cage population of mosquitoes. A second version, purportedly improved upon the first by incorporating an X-shredder element (which biases inheritance towards male offspring), was similarly successful. Here, we re-analyze the data of each of these gene drives and suggest an alternative interpretation of their performance. We assess each suppression drive within an individual-based simulation framework that models mosquito population dynamics in continuous space. We find that the combined homing/X-shredder drive is actually less effective at population suppression within the context of our mosquito population model. In particular, the combined drive often fails to completely suppress the population, instead resulting in an unstable equilibrium between drive and wild-type alleles. By contrast, otherwise similar drives based on the nos promoter may prove to be more promising candidates for future development due to potentially superior performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Champer, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.28.486009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finding the strongest gene drive: Simulations reveal unexpected performance differences between Anopheles homing suppression drive candidates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An in situ cut-and-paste genome editing platform mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 or Cas12a 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant DNA technology mediated by restriction enzymes and ligases allows in vitro manipulation of a DNA segment isolated from the genome. Short overhangs generated by restriction enzymes facilitate efficient pasting together a DNA sequence and a vector. We adopted this recombinant DNA strategy to develop an in vivo recombinant-genome genome editing approach. Using the programmable endonuclease Cas9 or Cas12a as a restriction enzyme, we devised an in situ cut-and-paste (iCAP) genome editing method that was tested in both mouse germline and human cell line platforms. Mouse gene loci Slc35f2 and Slc35f6 were each edited with in-frame insertion of a large APEX2-Cre cassette and concurrent FRT3 insertion at a second location providing proof of principle for the iCAP method. Further, a de nova single nucleotide mutation associated with MED13L syndrome was efficiently corrected in patient cells. Altogether, the iCAP method provides a single genome editing platform with flexibility and multiutility enabling versatile and precise sequence alterations, such as insertion, substitution, and deletion, at single or multiple locations within a genomic segment in mammalian genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kemper, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Hasselt, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caradonna, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strich, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.30.486486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An in situ cut-and-paste genome editing platform mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 or Cas12a]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring promoter activity by RNA editing based reporter 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.30.486490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Traditional methods monitoring the promoter activity require the insertion of reporter protein (e.g. fluorescent protein) downstream of a targeted promoter. These approaches suffer from low sensitivity and potential interference to endogenous transcripts especially when the targeted transcript is a noncoding RNA. Here, we develop a mechanistically different reporter system to monitor promoter activity based on ribozyme processed ADAR engaging RNA directed editing (REDDIT). We show that REDDIT can be used to monitor the promoter activity of protein coding, long noncoding RNA, and microRNA (miRNA) genes. Furthermore, REDDIT reporter can also be adapted to use bioluminescence imaging to monitor the promoter activity, which is more suitable for in vivo live imaging. Finally, the reporter sensitivity may be further increased by the circularization of ADAR recruiting RNA. REDDIT provides a powerful platform that is promising in a variety of applications such as monitoring the promoter activity, cell lineage tracing, and processing and manipulating genetic information for synthetic biology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.03.30.486490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring promoter activity by RNA editing based reporter]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell profiling of lncRNAs in human germ cells and molecular analysis reveals transcriptional regulation of LNC1845 on LHX8 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-coding RNAs exert diverse functions in many cell types. In addition to transcription factors from coding genes, non-coding RNAs may also play essential roles in shaping and directing the fate of germ cells. Here, we report the presence of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which were specifically expressed in the germ cells during human gonadal development by single-cell profiling of the reported datasets, and the functional characterization of one divergent lncRNA, LNC1845. Comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of these lncRNAs indicates that divergent lncRNAs occupied the majority of female and male germ cells. Integrating lncRNA expression into the bioinformatic analysis also enhances the cell-type classification of female germ cells. Functional dissection using in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to germ cells revealed the regulatory role of LNC1845 on a transcription factor essential for ovarian follicle development, LHX8, by modulating the levels of histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac. Hence, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs in developing germ cells and elucidates how a lncRNA function as a cis regulator during human germ cell development.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=137 SRC="FIGDIR/small/486705v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (39K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@31290forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17ec505org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b8cd0dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19e4de3_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HIGHLIGHTSO_LIlncRNAs are expressed at significantly higher levels in both male and female germ cells than in somatic cells during human gonadal development.
C_LIO_LIDivergent lncRNAs are enriched in the female meiotically and male mitotically arrested germ cells.
C_LIO_LILNC1845 regulates the transcriptional expression of LHX8 by modulating H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac levels.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.486705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell profiling of lncRNAs in human germ cells and molecular analysis reveals transcriptional regulation of LNC1845 on LHX8]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486770v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Frequency of change determines effectiveness of microbial response strategies in sulfidic stream microbiomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.01.486770v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nature challenges microbes with change at different frequencies and demands an effective response for survival. Here, we used controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the ecological success of different response strategies, such as post-translational modification, transcriptional regulation, and specialized versus adaptable metabolisms. For this, we inoculated replicated chemostats with an enrichment culture obtained from sulfidic stream microbiomes 16 weeks prior. The chemostats were submitted to alternatingly oxic and anoxic conditions at three frequencies, with periods of 1 day, 4 days and 16 days. The microbial response was recorded with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shotgun metagenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. Metagenomics resolved 26 nearly complete genomes of bacterial populations, mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Almost all these populations maintained a steady growth rate under both redox conditions at all three frequencies of change. Apparently, oscillating oxic/anoxic conditions selected for generalistic species, rather than species specializing in only a single condition. Rapid (1-day) dynamics yielded more stochasticity, both in community dynamics and gene expression, indicating that bet-hedging might be an effective coping strategy for relatively rapid environmental change. Codon-usage bias, previously associated with copiotrophic and oligotrophic lifestyles, was found to be a powerful predictor of ecological success at different frequencies, with copiotrophs and oligotrophs more successful at a rapid and a slow pace of change, respectively, independent of growth rate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strous, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.01.486770</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Frequency of change determines effectiveness of microbial response strategies in sulfidic stream microbiomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reactivating ordinal position information from auditory sequence memory in human brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.04.487064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retaining a sequence of events in their order is a core ability of many cognitive functions, such as speech recognition, movement control, and episodic memory. Although content representations have been widely studied in working memory (WM), little is known about how ordinal position information of an auditory sequence is retained in the human brain as well as its coding characteristics. In fact, there is still a lack of an efficient approach to directly access the stored ordinal position code, since the neural activities enter a relatively  activity-silent WM state during WM retention. Here participants performed an auditory sequence WM task with their brain activities recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). We developed new triggering events that could successfully reactivate neural representations of ordinal position from the  activity-silent retention stage. Importantly, the rank reactivation is further related to recognition behavior, confirming its indexing of WM storage. Furthermore, the ordinal position code displays an intriguing  stable-dynamic format, i.e., undergoing the same dynamic neutral trajectory during both encoding and retention (whenever reactivated). Overall, our results provide an effective approach to access the behaviorally-relevant ordinal position information in auditory sequence WM and reveal its new temporal characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.04.487064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reactivating ordinal position information from auditory sequence memory in human brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.06.487338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic and Ecological Trends in Specialization: Disentangling the Drivers of Ectoparasite Host Specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.06.487338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIEcological specialization reflects both evolutionary and ecological processes. For parasitic taxa, ecological specialization can be assessed as the degree to which a parasite species will associate with certain host species, a property known as host specificity.
C_LIO_LIEctoparasitic bat flies have been previously reported as highly host specific, presumably due to a history of coevolution with their bat hosts. However, there is conflicting evidence of coevolution between bats and bat flies. Resource-driven competition between parasite individuals and between species may also be important in explaining patterns of bat fly specificity.
C_LIO_LITo test the importance of evolutionary and ecological factors on bat fly specificity, we collected and identified 21 bat fly species from 16 host bat species from the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. We generated a bat fly species phylogeny from molecular data, estimated d specialization values (a metric of specificity), and used linear and cophylogenetic models to compare the importance of various drivers of parasite ecological specialization.
C_LIO_LIWe found that bat fly co-occurrence frequency (a proxy for interspecific competition) and mean infection intensity (a proxy for intraspecific competition) best predicted patterns of bat fly specialization. Co-occurrence frequency had a significantly negative association with specialization, while mean infection intensity has a significantly positive association with specialization. Coevolutionary congruence had a small effect size and did not significantly predict parasite specialization.
C_LIO_LIWe found multiple shifts toward more generalized host niches across the bat fly phylogeny. Our results suggest that ecological processes such as resource-driven competition may be more important than evolutionary processes in shaping bat fly host specialization networks.
C_LIO_LIBat flies showed variable degrees of host specialization, parasitized phylogenetically distant host species, and showed low phylogenetic congruence to their hosts. This suggests that as a group, bat flies may show flexibility in their host preference phenotypes and may change their host associations in the face of environmental disturbance.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brown, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiexeira, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clare, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balbuena, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dick, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dittmar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.06.487338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic and Ecological Trends in Specialization: Disentangling the Drivers of Ectoparasite Host Specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCDC66 regulates primary cilium length and signaling competence via multi-site interactions with transition zone and axonemal proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.10.487777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary cilium is a conserved microtubule-based organelle that serves as a hub for many signaling pathways. It functions as part of the centrosome/cilium complex, which also contains the basal body and the centriolar satellites. Little is known about the mechanisms by which the microtubule-based axoneme of the cilium is assembled with proper length and structure, particularly in terms of the activity of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and the crosstalk between the different compartments of the centrosome/cilium complex. Here, we analyzed CCDC66, a MAP implicated in cilium biogenesis and ciliopathies affecting eye and brain. Live-cell imaging revealed that CCDC66 compartmentalizes between centrosomes, centriolar satellites, and the ciliary axoneme and tip during cilium assembly and disassembly. CCDC66 loss-of-function in human cells causes defects in cilium assembly, length and morphology. Notably, CCDC66 interacts with the MAPs and ciliopathy proteins CEP104 and CSPP1 and cooperates with them during axonemal length regulation. Moreover, CCDC66 interacts with the transition zone protein CEP290 selectively at the centriolar satellites. Its loss disrupts basal body recruitment of transition zone proteins and IFT-B machinery and causes defective Hedgehog signaling. Overall, our results establish CCDC66 as a multifaceted regulator of the primary cilium, and propose a mechanistic insight into how the cooperation of ciliary MAPs as well as subcompartments ensures assembly of a functional cilium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Conkar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odabasi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deretic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batman, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frikstad, K.-A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patzke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.10.487777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCDC66 regulates primary cilium length and signaling competence via multi-site interactions with transition zone and axonemal proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multimodal single cell data integration challenge: results and lessons learned 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.11.487796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biology has become a data-intensive science. Recent technological advances in single-cell genomics have enabled the measurement of multiple facets of cellular state, producing datasets with millions of single-cell observations. While these data hold great promise for understanding molecular mechanisms in health and disease, analysis challenges arising from sparsity, technical and biological variability, and high dimensionality of the data hinder the derivation of such mechanistic insights. To promote the innovation of algorithms for analysis of multimodal single-cell data, we organized a competition at NeurIPS 2021 applying the Common Task Framework to multimodal single-cell data integration. For this competition we generated the first multimodal benchmarking dataset for single-cell biology and defined three tasks in this domain: prediction of missing modalities, aligning modalities, and learning a joint representation across modalities. We further specified evaluation metrics and developed a cloud-based algorithm evaluation pipeline. Using this setup, 280 competitors submitted over 2600 proposed solutions within a 3 month period, showcasing substantial innovation especially in the modality alignment task. Here, we present the results, describe trends of well performing approaches, and discuss challenges associated with running the competition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lance, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luecken, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burkhardt, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cannoodt, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rautenstrauch, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laddach, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubingazhibov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Russkikh, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryazantsev, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohler, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NeurIPS 2021 Multimodal data integration competition participants,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pisco, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloom, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnaswamy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Theis, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.11.487796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multimodal single cell data integration challenge: results and lessons learned]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximal Exploration for Model-guided Protein Sequence Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.12.487986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designing protein sequences with a particular biological function is a long-lasting challenge for protein engineering. Recent advances in machine-learning-guided approaches focus on building a surrogate sequence-function model to reduce the burden of expensive in-lab experiments. In this paper, we study the exploration mechanism of model-guided sequence design. We leverage a natural property of protein fitness landscape that a concise set of mutations upon the wild-type sequence are usually sufficient to enhance the desired function. By utilizing this property, we propose Proximal Exploration (PEX) algorithm that prioritizes the evolutionary search for high-fitness mutants with low mutation counts. In addition, we develop a specialized model architecture, called Mutation Factorization Network (MuFacNet), to predict low-order mutational effects, which further improves the sample efficiency of model-guided evolution. In experiments, we extensively evaluate our method on a suite of in-silico protein sequence design tasks and demonstrate substantial improvement over baseline algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.12.487986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximal Exploration for Model-guided Protein Sequence Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488228v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic model for in vivo proximity labeling of the mammalian secretome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.13.488228v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organ functions are highly specialized and interdependent. Secreted factors regulate organ development and mediate homeostasis through serum trafficking and inter-organ communication. Enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling enables the identification of proteins within a specific cellular compartment. Here, we report a BirA*G3 mouse strain that enables CRE-dependent promiscuous biotinylation of proteins trafficking through the endoplasmic reticulum. When broadly activated throughout the mouse, widespread labeling of proteins was observed within the secretory pathway. Streptavidin affinity purification and peptide mapping by quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics revealed organ-specific secretory profiles and serum trafficking. As expected, secretory proteomes were highly enriched for signal peptide-containing proteins, highlighting both conventional and non-conventional secretory processes, and ectodomain shedding. Lower-abundance proteins with hormone-like properties were recovered and validated using orthogonal approaches. Hepatocyte-specific activation of BirA*G3 highlighted liver-specific biotinylated secretome profiles. The BirA*G3 mouse model demonstrates enhanced labeling efficiency and tissue specificity over viral transduction approaches and will facilitate a deeper understanding of secretory protein interplay in development, and healthy and diseased adult states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Droujinine, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udeshi, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rocco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohlschlegel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMahon, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.13.488228</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic model for in vivo proximity labeling of the mammalian secretome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488495v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chronically radiation-exposed survivor glioblastoma cells display poor response to Chk1 inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488495v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumor with an aggressive clinical course, and one of the cornerstones in its treatment regimen is radiotherapy. However, tumor cells surviving after radiation is an indicator of treatment failure; therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating radiotherapy response is of utmost importance. In this study, we generated multiple clinically relevant irradiation exposed models, where we applied fractionated radiotherapy over a long period of time and selected irradiation-survivor (IR-Surv) glioblastoma cell populations. In these cells, we examined the transcriptomic alterations, cell cycle and growth rate changes as well as responses to secondary radiotherapy and DNA damage response (DDR) modulators. Accordingly, IR-Surv cells exhibited slower growth and partly retained their ability to resist secondary irradiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that IR-Surv cells upregulated the expression of DDR-related genes, such as CHK1, ATM, ATR, MGMT, and had better DNA repair capacity as an adaptive mechanism. Separately, we report IR-Surv cells to display downregulation of hypoxic signature and the lower induction of hypoxia target genes and not exhibiting the same level of hypoxia-induced changes with naive glioblastoma cells, as gauged by exposing cells to different hypoxia conditions. We also showed that Chk1 inhibition alone or in combination with irradiation significantly reduces cell viability in both naive and IR-Surv cells. However, IR-Surv cells were markedly less sensitive to Chk1 inhibition under hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, consistent with previous reports, we demonstrate the utility of combining DDR inhibitors and irradiation as a successful approach for both naive and IR-Surv glioblastoma cells as long as cells are refrained from hypoxic conditions. Thus, our findings with clinically relevant radiation survivor models will have future translational implications and benefit the optimization of combination therapies for glioblastoma patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pinarbasi Degirmenci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sur-Erdem, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcay, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolukbasi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selek, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solaroglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.16.488495</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chronically radiation-exposed survivor glioblastoma cells display poor response to Chk1 inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488569v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant-on-Chip: core morphogenesis processes in the tiny plant Wolffia australiana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.16.488569v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A plant can be thought of as a colony comprising numerous growth buds, each developing to its own rhythm. Such lack of synchrony impedes efforts to describe core principles of plant morphogenesis, dissect the underlying mechanisms, and identify regulators. Here, we use the tiniest known angiosperm to overcome this challenge and provide an ideal model system for plant morphogenesis. We present a detailed morphological description of the monocot Wolffia australiana, as well as high-quality genome information. Further, we developed the Plant-on-Chip culture system and demonstrate the application of advanced technologies such as snRNA-seq, protein structure prediction, and gene editing. We provide proof-of-concept examples that illustrate how W. australiana can open a new horizon for deciphering the core regulatory mechanisms of plant morphogenesis.

SignificanceWhat is the core morphogenetic process in angiosperms, a plant like a tree indeterminately growing, or a bud sequentially generating limited types of organs? Wolffia australiana, one of the smallest angiosperms in the world may help to make a distinction. Wolffia plantlet constitutes of only three organs that are indispensable to complete life cycle: one leaf, one stamen and one gynoecium. Before the growth tip is induced to flower, it keeps branching from the leaf axil and the branches separate from the main plantlet. Here we present a high-quality genome of W. australiana, detailed morphological description, a Plant-on-Chip cultural system, and some principle-proof experiments, demonstrating that W. australiana is a promising model system for deciphering core developmental program in angiosperms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>A, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nian, W.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Conner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, L.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Z.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.16.488569</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant-on-Chip: core morphogenesis processes in the tiny plant Wolffia australiana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488596v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SOAR: a spatial transcriptomics analysis resource to model spatial variability and cell type interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.17.488596v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics provides researchers with a better understanding of gene expression within the tissue context. Although large volumes of spatial transcriptomics data have been generated, the lack of systematic curation and analysis makes data reuse challenging. Herein, we present Spatial transcriptOmics Analysis Resource (SOAR), a resource with an extensive, systematically compiled collection of spatial transcriptomics data across tissues, organs, and pathological conditions. SOAR is a comprehensive database with uniformly processed and annotated samples, facilitating future benchmark studies and method development. SOAR also offers multi-pronged analysis capability, including an integrative approach toward drug discovery that allows for efficient exploration of novel and targeted therapeutic uses for existing compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.17.488596</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SOAR: a spatial transcriptomics analysis resource to model spatial variability and cell type interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.18.488633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking the Widely Used Structure-based Binding Affinity Predictors on the Spike-ACE2 Deep Mutational Interaction Set 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.18.488633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic, a huge effort has been devoted to understanding the Spike (SARS-CoV-2)-ACE2 recognition mechanism. To this end, two deep mutational scanning studies traced the impact of all possible mutations across Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike and catalytic domain of human ACE2. By concentrating on the interface mutations of these experimental data, we benchmarked six commonly used structure-based binding affinity predictors (FoldX, EvoEF1, MutaBind2, SSIPe, HADDOCK, and UEP). These predictors were selected based on their user-friendliness, accessibility, and speed. As a result of our benchmarking efforts, we observed that none of the methods could generate a meaningful correlation with the experimental binding data. The best correlation is achieved by FoldX (R = -0.51). Also, when we simplified the prediction problem to a binary classification, i.e., whether a mutation is enriching or depleting the binding, we showed that the highest accuracy is achieved by FoldX with 64% success rate. Surprisingly, on this set, simple energetic scoring functions performed significantly better than the ones using extra evolutionary-based terms, as in Mutabind and SSIPe. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that recent AI approaches, mmCSM-PPI and TopNetTree, yielded comparable performances to the force field-based techniques. These observations suggest plenty of room to improve the binding affinity predictors in guessing the variant-induced binding profile changes of a host-pathogen system, such as Spike-ACE2. To aid such improvements we provide our benchmarking data at https://github.com/CSB-KaracaLab/RBD-ACE2-MutBench with the option to visualize our mutant models at https://rbd-ace2-mutbench.github.io/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Samiloglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosaca, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oktayoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yukruk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erguven, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arslan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakulah, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barlas, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozden, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.18.488633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking the Widely Used Structure-based Binding Affinity Predictors on the Spike-ACE2 Deep Mutational Interaction Set]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global and gene-specific translational regulation in Escherichia coli across different conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.19.488838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How well mRNA transcript levels represent protein abundances has been a controversial issue. Particularly across different environments, correlations between mRNA and protein exhibit remarkable variability from gene to gene. Translational regulation is likely to be one of the key factors contributing to mismatches between mRNA level and protein abundance in bacteria. Here, we quantified genome-wide transcriptome and relative translation efficiency (RTE) under 12 different conditions in Escherichia coli. By quantifying the mRNA-RTE correlation both across genes and across conditions, we uncovered a diversity of gene-specific translational regulations, cooperating with transcriptional regulations, in response to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphate (P) limitations. Intriguingly, we found that many genes regulating translation are themselves subject to translational regulation, suggesting possible feedbacks. Furthermore, a random forest model suggests that codon usage partially predicts a genes cross-condition variability in translation efficiency; such cross-condition variability tends to be an inherent quality of a gene, independent of the specific nutrient limitations. These findings broaden the understanding of translational regulation under different environments, and provide novel strategies for the control of translation in synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S. H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingreen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.19.488838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global and gene-specific translational regulation in Escherichia coli across different conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The ciliopathy protein CCDC66 controls mitotic progression and cytokinesis by promoting microtubule nucleation and organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.22.489036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise spatiotemporal control of microtubule nucleation and organization is critical for faithful segregation of cytoplasmic and genetic material during cell division and signaling via the primary cilium in quiescent cells. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) govern assembly, maintenance, and remodeling of diverse microtubule arrays. While a set of conserved MAPs are only active during cell division, an emerging group of MAPs acts as dual regulators in dividing and non-dividing cells. Here, we elucidated the nonciliary functions and molecular mechanism of action of the ciliopathy-linked protein CCDC66, which we previously characterized as a regulator of ciliogenesis in quiescent cells. We showed that CCDC66 dynamically localizes to the spindle poles, the bipolar spindle, the spindle midzone, the central spindle and the midbody in dividing cells and interacts with the core machinery of centrosome maturation and MAPs involved in cell division. Loss-of-function experiments revealed its functions during mitotic progression and cytokinesis. Specifically, CCDC66 depletion resulted in defective spindle assembly and positioning, kinetochore fiber stability, chromosome alignment in metaphase as well as central spindle and midbody assembly and organization in anaphase and cytokinesis. Notably, CCDC66 regulates mitotic microtubule nucleation via noncentrosomal and centrosomal pathways via recruitment of gamma-tubulin to the spindle poles and the spindle. Additionally, CCDC66 bundles microtubules in vitro and in cells by its C-terminal microtubule-binding domain. Phenotypic rescue experiments showed that the microtubule and centrosome-associated pools of CCDC66 individually or cooperatively mediate its mitotic and cytokinetic functions. Collectively, our findings identify CCDC66 as a multifaceted regulator of the nucleation and organization of the diverse mitotic and cytokinetic microtubule arrays and provides new insight into nonciliary defects that underlie ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Batman, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deretic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.22.489036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The ciliopathy protein CCDC66 controls mitotic progression and cytokinesis by promoting microtubule nucleation and organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489624v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into the high selectivity of the anti-diabetic drug mitiglinide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.26.489624v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitiglinide is a highly selective fast-acting anti-diabetic drug that inhibits pancreatic KATP channels to induce insulin secretion. However, how mitiglinide binds KATP channels remains unknown. Here, we show the cryo-EM structure of the SUR1 subunit in complex with mitiglinide. The structure reveals that mitiglinide binds inside the common insulin secretagogue-binding site in the transmembrane domain of SUR1, locking SUR1 in a NBD-separated inward-facing conformation. The detailed structural analysis uncovers the molecular basis of the high selectivity of mitiglinide.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.26.489624</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into the high selectivity of the anti-diabetic drug mitiglinide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489809v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bacteriophage-based, highly efficacious, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal COVID-19 vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.28.489809v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The authorized mRNA- and adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are intramuscularly injected and effective in preventing COVID-19, but do not induce efficient mucosal immunity, or prevent viral transmission. We developed a bacteriophage T4-based, multicomponent, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal vaccine by engineering spike trimers on capsid exterior and nucleocapsid protein in the interior. Intranasal administration of T4-COVID vaccine induced higher virus neutralization antibody titers against multiple variants, balanced Th1/Th2 antibody and cytokine responses, stronger CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, and higher secretory IgA titers in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage with no effect on the gut microbiota, compared to vaccination of mice intramuscularly. The vaccine is stable at ambient temperature, induces apparent sterilizing immunity, and provides complete protection against original SARS-CoV-2 strain and its Delta variant with minimal lung histopathology. This mucosal vaccine is an excellent candidate for boosting immunity of immunized and/or as a second-generation vaccine for the unimmunized population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Batra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ananthaswamy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilgore, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrix, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosakote, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olano, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayode, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galindo, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banga, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drelich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tat, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chopra, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, V. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.28.489809</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bacteriophage-based, highly efficacious, needle and adjuvant-free, mucosal COVID-19 vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490020v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aggression and multimodal signaling in noise in the European robin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490020v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthropogenic noise may disrupt signals used to mediate aggressive interactions, leading to more physical aggression between opponents. One solution to this problem is to switch signaling effort to a less noisy modality (e.g., the visual modality). In the present study we investigate aggressive behaviors and signaling in urban and rural male European robins (Erithacus rubecula) in response to simulated intrusions with or without experimental noise. First, we predicted that urban birds, living in noisier habitats, would be generally more aggressive than rural birds. We also predicted that during simulated intrusions with experimental noise, robins would increase their physical aggression and show a multi-modal shift, i.e., respond with more visual threat displays and sing fewer songs. Finally, we expected the multi-modal shift in response to noise to be stronger in urban birds compared to rural birds. The results showed that urban birds were more aggressive than rural robins, but an increase in aggression with experimental noise was seen only in the rural birds. Urban but not rural birds decreased their song rate in response to noise. Contrary to the multi-modal shift hypothesis, however, there was no evidence of a concurrent increase in visual signals. These results point to a complex role of immediate plasticity and longer-term processes in affecting communication during aggressive interactions under anthropogenic noise.

Significance StatementHuman activity has an enormous effect on wildlife, including on their social behavior. Animals living in urban areas often tend to be more aggressive than those living in rural areas, which may be due to urban acoustic noise making communication between individuals more difficult. In a study with a common songbird, the European robin, we investigated the role of urban acoustic noise in aggression and territorial communication. Urban robins were more aggressive than rural robins, and additional noise in the territory increased aggression in rural but not urban robins. While urban robins decreased their singing effort with additional noise, they did not increase visual signals concurrently. These results suggest that noise can indeed make animals behave more aggressively although the effect may depend on how noisy it is already. These results further our understanding of how human-made noise changes animal communication and social behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Onsal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yelimlies, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.29.490020</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aggression and multimodal signaling in noise in the European robin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.30.489997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.30.489997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 exhibit higher transmissibility over BA.21. The new variants receptor binding and immune evasion capability require immediate investigation. Here, coupled with Spike structural comparisons, we show that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 exhibit comparable ACE2-binding affinities to BA.2. Importantly, BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 display stronger neutralization evasion than BA.2 against the plasma from 3-dose vaccination and, most strikingly, from post-vaccination BA.1 infections. To delineate the underlying antibody evasion mechanism, we determined the escaping mutation profiles2, epitope distribution3 and Omicron neutralization efficacy of 1640 RBD-directed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), including 614 isolated from BA.1 convalescents. Interestingly, post-vaccination BA.1 infection mainly recalls wildtype-induced humoral memory. The resulting elicited antibodies could neutralize both wildtype and BA.1 and are enriched on non-ACE2-competing epitopes. However, most of these cross-reactive NAbs are heavily escaped by L452Q, L452R and F486V. BA.1 infection can also induce new clones of BA.1-specific antibodies that potently neutralize BA.1; nevertheless, these NAbs are largely escaped by BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 due to D405N and F486V, and react weakly to pre-Omicron variants, exhibiting poor neutralization breadths. As for therapeutic NAbs, Bebtelovimab4 and Cilgavimab5 can effectively neutralize BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5, while the S371F, D405N and R408S mutations would undermine most broad sarbecovirus NAbs. Together, our results indicate that Omicron may evolve mutations to evade the humoral immunity elicited by BA.1 infection, suggesting that BA.1-derived vaccine boosters may not achieve broad-spectrum protection against new Omicron variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.30.489997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 escape antibodies elicited by Omicron infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.30.490021v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rebound Excitation of Epileptiform Activities by Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.30.490021v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundConventional neurostimulations to treat epilepsy have adverse effects caused by post-inhibitory rebound excitations. Although ultrasound brain stimulation is feasible in inducing anticonvulsant effects, its association with paradoxical rebound excitations is unknown.

ObjectiveThis study aimed at demonstrating rebound excitations with transcranial focused ultrasound. The modulations of epileptiform activities toward both suppressive and excitatory responses were investigated by changing ultrasonic transmit sequences.

MethodsIn a pentylenetetrazol-injected acute epilepsy rat model, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was applied on the thalamus to modulate epileptiform activities. The parameters differentiated for pulse sequences were the pulse length, pulse pressure, and interval between the pulses. Sonication effects were assessed by electroencephalography (n=38), immuno-histochemical analysis (n=24), and optical measurement of cerebral blood volume changes (n=18).

ResultsWhile ultrasonic patterns of stimuli at long intervals showed antiepileptic effects on electroencephalography, those at short intervals showed rebound excitatory responses followed by inhibitory activities. Further, suppressive states induced by inhibitory stimulations were transformed into excitatory states by applying a consecutive series of short bursts at higher acoustic pressure. Cerebral blood volume changes demonstrated consistent results with electroencephalography. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both inhibitory and excitatory neuronal cells were activated to generate rebound excitatory conditions, while inhibitory cells were activated for suppressive conditions.

ConclusionsIn our study, variations in ultrasound stimulation patterns could modulate epileptiform activities in both upregulated and downregulated directions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shon, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.04.30.490021</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rebound Excitation of Epileptiform Activities by Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurocomputational evidence that conflicting prosocial motives guide distributive justice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.02.490266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the history of humanity, most conflicts within and between societies have originated from perceived inequality in resource distribution. How humans achieve and maintain distributive justice has therefore been an intensely studied issue. However, most research on the corresponding psychological processes has focused on inequality aversion and has been largely agnostic of other motives that may either align or oppose this behavioral tendency. Here we provide behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging evidence that distribution decisions are guided by three distinct motives - inequality aversion, harm aversion, and rank reversal aversion - that interact and in fact can also deter individuals from pursuing equality. At the neural level, we show that these three motives are encoded by separate neural systems, compete for representation in various brain areas processing equality and harm signals, and are integrated in the striatum, which functions as a crucial hub for translating the motives to behavior. Our findings provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the cognitive and biological processes by which multiple prosocial motives are coordinated in the brain to guide redistribution behaviors. This framework enhances our understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying equality-related behavior, suggests possible neural origins of individual differences in social preferences, and provides a new pathway to understand the cognitive and neural basis of clinical disorders with impaired social functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruff, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.02.490266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurocomputational evidence that conflicting prosocial motives guide distributive justice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490381v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal landscape of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection reveals Slamf9+Spp1+ macrophages promoting viral clearance and inflammation resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.03.490381v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis has been intensively investigated, the host mechanisms of viral clearance and inflammation resolution are still elusive because of the ethical limitation of human studies based on COVID-19 convalescents. Here we infected Syrian hamsters by authentic SARS-CoV-2 and built an ideal model to simulate the natural recovery process of SARS-CoV-2 infection from severe pneumonia1,2. We developed and applied a spatial transcriptomic sequencing technique with subcellular resolution and tissue-scale extensibility, i.e., Stereo-seq3, together with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), to the entire lung lobes of 45 hamsters and obtained an elaborate map of the pulmonary spatiotemporal changes from acute infection, severe pneumonia to the late viral clearance and inflammation resolution. While SARS-CoV-2 infection caused massive damages to the hamster lungs, including naive T cell infection and deaths related to lymphopenia, we identified a group of monocyte-derived proliferating Slamf9+Spp1+ macrophages, which were SARS-CoV-2 infection-inducible and cell death-resistant, recruiting neutrophils to clear viruses together. After viral clearance, the Slamf9+Spp1+ macrophages differentiated into Trem2+ and Fbp1+ macrophages, both responsible for inflammation resolution and replenishment of alveolar macrophages. The existence of this specific macrophage subpopulation and its descendants were validated by RNAscope in hamsters, immunofluorescence in hACE2 mice, and public human autopsy scRNA-seq data of COVID-19 patients. The spatiotemporal landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamster lungs and the identification of Slamf9+Spp1+ macrophages that is pivotal to viral clearance and inflammation resolution are important to better understand the critical molecular and cellular players of COVID-19 host defense and also develop potential interventions of COVID-19 immunopathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.03.490381</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal landscape of SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection reveals Slamf9+Spp1+ macrophages promoting viral clearance and inflammation resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.07.491053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic emergence of relational structure network in human brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.07.491053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reasoning the hidden relational structure from sequences of events is a crucial ability humans possess, which help them to predict the future and make inferences. Besides simple statistical properties, humans also excel in learning more complex relational networks. Several brain regions are engaged in the process, yet the time-resolved neural implementation of relational structure learning and its behavioral relevance remains unknown. Here human subjects performed a probabilistic sequential prediction task on image sequences generated from a transition graph-like network, with their brain activities recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). We demonstrate the emergence of two key aspects of relational knowledge - lower-order transition probability and higher-order community structure, which arise around 840 msec after image onset and well predict behavioral performance. Furthermore, computational modeling suggests that the formed higher-order community structure, i.e., compressed clusters in the network, could be well characterized by a successor representation operation. Overall, human brains are constantly computing the temporal statistical relationship among discrete inputs, based on which new abstract knowledge could be inferred.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.07.491053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic emergence of relational structure network in human brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.08.491087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adversarial interspecies relationships facilitate population suppression by gene drive in spatially explicit models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.08.491087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Suppression gene drives are designed to bias their inheritance and increase in frequency in a population, disrupting an essential gene in the process. When the frequency is high enough, the population will be unable to reproduce above the replacement level and could be eliminated. CRISPR suppression drives based on the homing mechanism have already seen success in the laboratory, particularly in malaria mosquitoes. However, several models predict that the use of these drives in realistic populations with spatial structure may not achieve complete success. This is due to the ability of wild-type individuals to escape the drive and reach empty areas with reduced competition, allowing them to achieve high reproductive success and leading to extinction-recolonization cycles across the landscape. Here, we extend our continuous space gene drive framework to include two competing species or predator-prey species pairs. We find that in both general and mosquito-specific models, the presence of a competing species or predator can greatly facilitate drive-based suppression, even for drives with modest efficiency. However, the presence of a competing species also substantially increases the frequency of outcomes in which the drive is lost before suppression is achieved. These results are robust in models with seasonal population fluctuations that mosquito populations often experience. We also found that suppression can be somewhat more difficult if targeting a predator with strong predator-prey interactions. Our results illustrate the difficulty of predicting outcomes of interventions that could substantially affect populations of interacting species in complex ecosystems. However, our results are also potentially promising for the prospects of less powerful suppression gene drives for achieving successful elimination of target mosquito and other pest populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.08.491087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adversarial interspecies relationships facilitate population suppression by gene drive in spatially explicit models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-color live-cell STED nanoscopy of mitochondria with a gentle inner membrane stain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.09.491019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Capturing mitochondrias intricate and dynamic structure poses a daunting challenge for optical nanoscopy. Different labeling strategies have been demonstrated for live-cell stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy of mitochondria, but orthogonal strategies are yet to be established, and image acquisition has suffered either from photodamage to the organelles or from rapid photobleaching. Therefore, live-cell nanoscopy of mitochondria has been largely restricted to 2D single-color recordings of cancer cells. Here, by conjugation of cyclooctatetraene to a benzo-fused cyanine dye, we report a mitochondrial inner-membrane (IM) fluorescent marker, PK Mito Orange (PKMO), featuring efficient STED at 775 nm, strong photostability and markedly reduced phototoxicity. PKMO enables super-resolution recordings of inner-membrane dynamics for extended periods in immortalized mammalian cell lines, primary cells, and organoids. Photostability and reduced phototoxicity of PKMO open the door to live-cell 3D STED nanoscopy of mitochondria for three-dimensional analysis of the convoluted IM. PKMO is optically orthogonal with green and far-red markers allowing multiplexed recordings of mitochondria using commercial STED microscopes. Using multi-color STED, we demonstrate that imaging with PKMO can capture the sub-mitochondrial localization of proteins, or interactions of mitochondria with different cellular components, such as the ER or the cytoskeleton at sub-100 nm resolution. Thereby, this work offers a versatile tool for studying mitochondrial inner-membrane architecture and dynamics in a multiplexed manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedel, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakobs, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.09.491019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-color live-cell STED nanoscopy of mitochondria with a gentle inner membrane stain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491736v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracking single cell evolution via clock-like chromatin accessibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491736v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell chromatin accessibility sequencing (scATAC) reconstructs developmental trajectory by phenotypic similarity. However, inferring the exact developmental trajectory is challenging. Here, we show a simple, accurate and phenotypic-neutral measure of cell developmental hierarchy - the fraction of accessible clock-like loci. As cells undergo mitosis, the heterogeneity of chromatin accessibility on clock-like loci is reduced, providing a measure of mitotic age. We developed a method, EpiTrace, that counts the fraction of opened clock-like loci from scATAC data to determine cell age and perform lineage tracing. EpiTrace works in various cell lineages and animal species, shows concordance with known developmental hierarchies, correlates well with DNA methylation-based clocks, and is complementary with mutation-based lineage tracing, RNA velocity, and stemness predictions. Applying EpiTrace to scATAC data revealed a multitude of novel biological insights with clinically relevant implications, ranging from hematopoiesis, organ development, tumor biology and immunity to cortical gyrification. Our work discovered a universal epigenomic hallmark during cellular development, which facilitates the study of cellular hierarchies and organismal aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.12.491736</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracking single cell evolution via clock-like chromatin accessibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.491938v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DNA binding domain undergoes dynamic and selective protein-protein interactions to facilitate CTCF insulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.15.491938v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CTCF is required for three-dimensional chromatin organization and a predominant insulator protein. However, its roles in insulating enhancers have not been fully explained in 3D nuclear organization. Here, we found that the CTCF DNA binding domain (DBD) forms dynamic self-interacting clusters. We next investigated the spatial relationships between these clusters and other transcription regulators with a light-induced imaging system. Strikingly, CTCF DBD clusters were found to incorporate other insulator proteins but are not coenriched with transcriptional activators in the nucleus. This property is not observed in other domains of CTCF or the DBDs of other transcription factors. Moreover, endogenous CTCF shows a phenotype consistent with the DBD by forming small protein clusters and interacts less transcriptional activators bound, CTCF motif arrays. Our results reveal an interesting phenomenon that CTCF DBD interacts with insulator proteins and selectively localizes to nuclear positions with lower concentrations of transcriptional activators, providing new insights into the insulation function of CTCF.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenjia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hongye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yongpeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuanjun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiazhi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanhui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.15.491938</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DNA binding domain undergoes dynamic and selective protein-protein interactions to facilitate CTCF insulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.491952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Retina Gap Junction Networks Facilitate Blind Denoising in Visual Hierarchy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.16.491952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gap junctions in the retina are electrical synapses, which strength is regulated byambient light conditions. Such tunable synapses are crucial for the denoising function of the early visual system. However, it is unclear that how the plastic gap junction network processes unknown noise, specifically how this process works synergistically with the brains higher visual centers. Inspired by the electrically coupled photoreceptors, we develop a computational model of the gap junction filter (G-filter). We show that G-filter is an effective blind denoiser that converts different noise distributions into a similar form. Next, since deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) functionally reflect some intrinsic features of the visual cortex, we combine G-filter with DCNNs as retina and ventral visual pathways to investigate the relationship between retinal denoising processing and the brains high-level functions. In the image denoising and reconstruction task, G-filter dramatically improve the classic deep denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN)s ability to process blind noise. Further, we find that the gap junction strength of the G-filter modulates the receptive field of DnCNNs output neurons by the Integrated Gradients method. At last, in the image classification task, G-filter strengthens the defense of state-of-the-arts DCNNs (ResNet50, VGG19 and InceptionV3) against blind noise attacks, far exceeding human performance when noise is large. Our results indicate G-filter significantly enhance DCNNs ability on various blind denoising tasks, implying an essential role for retina gap junction networks in high-level visual processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.16.491952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Retina Gap Junction Networks Facilitate Blind Denoising in Visual Hierarchy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to downregulate MHC-I surface expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.17.492198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, which are dimers of a glycosylated polymorphic transmembrane heavy chain and the small protein {beta}2-microglobulin ({beta}2m), bind peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum that are generated by the cytosolic turnover of cellular proteins. In virus-infected cells these peptides may include those derived from viral proteins. Peptide-MHC-I complexes then traffic through the secretory pathway and are displayed at the cell surface where those containing viral peptides can be detected by CD8+ T lymphocytes that kill infected cells. Many viruses enhance their in vivo survival by encoding genes that downregulate MHC-I expression to avoid CD8+ T cell recognition. Here we report that two accessory proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, downregulate MHC-I expression using distinct mechanisms. One, ORF3a, a viroporin, reduces global trafficking of proteins, including MHC-I, through the secretory pathway. The second, ORF7a, interacts specifically with the MHC-I heavy chain, acting as a molecular mimic of {beta}2m to inhibit its association. This slows the exit of properly assembled MHC-I molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum. We demonstrate that ORF7a reduces antigen presentation by the human MHC-I allele HLA-A*02:01. Thus, both ORF3a and ORF7a act post-translationally in the secretory pathway to lower surface MHC-I expression, with ORF7a exhibiting a novel and specific mechanism that allows immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.

Significance StatementViruses may down-regulate MHC class I expression on infected cells to avoid elimination by cytotoxic T cells. We report that the accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a of SARS-CoV-2 mediate this function and delineate the two distinct mechanisms involved. While ORF3a inhibits global protein trafficking to the cell surface, ORF7a acts specifically on MHC-I by competing with {beta}2m for binding to the MHC-I heavy chain. This is the first account of molecular mimicry of {beta}2m as a viral mechanism of MHC-I down-regulation to facilitate immune evasion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arshad, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurent-Rolle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, J. C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawlak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cresswell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.17.492198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins ORF7a and ORF3a use distinct mechanisms to downregulate MHC-I surface expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endothelial Brg1 fine-tunes Notch signaling during zebrafish heart regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Myocardial Brg1 is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish, but it remains unknown whether and how endothelial Brg1 plays a role in heart regeneration. Here, we found that both brg1 mRNA and protein were induced in cardiac endothelial cells after ventricular resection, and endothelium-specific over-expression of dominant-negative Xenopus Brg1 (DN-xBrg1) inhibited myocardial proliferation and heart regeneration and increased cardiac fibrosis. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis revealed that the endothelium-specific over-expression of DN-xBrg1 changed the levels of H3K4me3 modifications in the promoter regions of the zebrafish genome and induced abnormal activation of Notch family genes upon injury. Mechanistically, Brg1 interacted with lysine demethylase 7aa (Kdm7aa) to fine-tune the level of H3K4me3 within the promoter regions of Notch family genes and thus regulated Notch gene transcription. Together, this work demonstrates that the Brg1-Kdm7aa-Notch axis in cardiac endothelial cells, including the endocardium, regulates myocardial proliferation and regeneration via modulating the H3K4me3 of the Notch promoters in zebrafish.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endothelial Brg1 fine-tunes Notch signaling during zebrafish heart regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ABHD6 selectively controls Gq-dependent increases in 2-AG production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.18.492553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The most abundant endocannabinoid (eCB) in the brain, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), is hydrolyzed by /{beta}-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6); yet how ABHD6 controls stimuli-dependent increases in 2-AG production is unknown. To explore this question, we leveraged the recently developed 2-AG sensor, GRABeCB2.0, and found that stimulation of Neuro2a cells in culture with bradykinin (BK) acting at metabotropic B2K receptors and ATP acting at ionotropic P2X7 receptors led to differential increases in 2-AG levels. B2K triggered increases in 2-AG levels via diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), and this mechanism was potentiated by increases in intracellular calcium and ABHD6 inhibition. By contrast, P2X7-triggered increases in 2-AG levels were dependent on DAGL and extracellular calcium but unaffected by ABHD6 inhibition. Thus, ABHD6 preferentially regulates metabotropic-dependent increases in 2-AG levels over ionotropic-dependent increases in 2-AG levels. Our study indicates that ABHD6 selectively controls stimuli-dependent increases in 2-AG production and emphasizes its specific role in eCB signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarroza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whittington, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Stelt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Land, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stella, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.18.492553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ABHD6 selectively controls Gq-dependent increases in 2-AG production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomolecular solution X-ray scattering at n2STAR Beamline 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.20.492803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is a method for determining basic structural characteristics such as size, shape, and surface of particles. SAXS can generate low resolution models of biomolecules faster than any other conventional structural biology tools. SAXS data is mostly collected in synchrotron facilities to obtain the best scattering data possible however home source SAXS devices can also generate valuable data when optimized properly. Here, we examined sample data collection and optimization at home source SAXS beamline in terms of concentration, purity, and the duration of data acquisition. We validated that high concentration, monodisperse and ultra pure protein samples obtained by size exclusion chromatography are necessary for generating viable SAXS data using home source beamline. Longer data collection time does not always generate higher resolutions but at least one hour is required for generating a feasible model from SAXS data. Furthermore, with small optimizations both during data collection and later data analysis SAXS can determine properties such as oligomerization, molecular mass, and overall shape of particles in solution under physiological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gocenler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yenici, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buyukdag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.20.492803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomolecular solution X-ray scattering at n2STAR Beamline]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A common mechanism of temperature-sensing in thermoTRP channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.23.493163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting temperature is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Though the thermo transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels, such as TRPV1 or TRPM8, have been identified as prototypic heat or cold sensors, respectively, how they detect temperature remains elusive. Here we first identified groups of clustered residues in these channels that undergo burial/exposure conformational rearrangements during temperature activation by analyzing available protein structures or hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectroscopy (HRF-MS). By systematically perturbing water-protein interactions at these residues, we found that the temperature sensitivity in these channels were modulated in accordance with the sidechain hydrophobicity. The changes in energy associated with changes in water-protein interactions were sufficient for thermo activation. Therefore, our study has established that the water-protein interactions as a common mechanism underlying temperature sensing in TRPM8 and TRPV1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.23.493163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A common mechanism of temperature-sensing in thermoTRP channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific Pupylation as IDEntity Reporter (SPIDER) for the identification of Protein-Biomolecule interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-biomolecule interactions play pivotal roles in almost all biological processes, the identification of the interacting protein is essential. By combining a substrate-based proximity labelling activity from the pupylation pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the streptavidin (SA)-biotin system, we developed Specific Pupylation as IDEntity Reporter (SPIDER) for identifying protein-biomolecular interactions. As a proof of principle, SPIDER was successfully applied for global identification of interacting proteins, including substrates for enzyme (CobB), the readers of m6A, the protein interactome of mRNA, and the target proteins of drug (lenalidomide). In addition, by SPIDER, we identified SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant specific receptors on cell membrane and performed in-depth analysis for one candidate, Protein-g. These potential receptors could explain the differences between the Omicron variant and the Prototype strain, and further serve as target for combating the Omicron variant. Overall, we provide a robust technology which is applicable for a wide-range of protein-biomolecular interaction studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, J.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Czajkowsky, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific Pupylation as IDEntity Reporter (SPIDER) for the identification of Protein-Biomolecule interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493580v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Representing linguistic communicative goals in the premotor cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493580v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linguistic communication is often regarded as an action conveying the speakers communicative goal to the addressee. With both correlational (an fMRI study) and causal (a lesion study) evidence, we demonstrated that communicative goals are represented in human premotor cortex. Participants read scripts each containing a sentence said by the speaker with a goal of either a promise, a request, or a reply. The fMRI results showed that the premotor cortex represented more information on communicative goals than the perisylvian language regions. The lesion study results showed that, relative to healthy controls, the understanding of communicative goals was impaired in patients with lesions in the premotor cortex, whereas no reliable difference between the healthy controls and lesion controls. These findings convergently suggest that the premotor cortex is crucial for representing the goals conveyed by language, supporting the theoretical view that linguistic communication can be seen as a goal-directed action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.26.493580</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Representing linguistic communicative goals in the premotor cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Herd immunity on chip: recapitulating virus transmission in human society 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.27.493795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Virus transmission is affected by population density, social distancing, and vaccination. This has been simulated only by mathematical models. Here, we report the first experimental model to mimic herd immunity to a human coronavirus using a microfluidic device filled with host cells. The device consists of 444 microchambers filled with susceptible (S0), infected (I0), and unsusceptible (U0) cells at specific ratios. The transmission rate and reproduction numbers were directly proportional to S0 and I0 and inversely proportional to U0. Herd immunity was achieved when the proportion of U0 was at 80% in a fixed number of uninfected (S0+U0) cells. These results were consistent with those from a mathematical model. The device can be used for predicting virus transmission.

One-Sentence SummaryWe present the first experimental model enabling the simulation of herd immunity in a microfluidic device filled with host cells to human coronavirus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>LIm, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weon, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.27.493795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Herd immunity on chip: recapitulating virus transmission in human society]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome similarities between human-derived and mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 make mink a potential reservoir of the virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.29.493871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SARS-CoV-2 has RNA as the genome, which makes the virus more prone to mutations. Occasionally, mutations help a virus to cross the species barrier. The SARS-CoV-2 infection to humans and minks (Neovison vison) are examples of zoonotic spillover. Many studies have been published on the analysis of human-derived SARS-CoV-2, here we performed mutation analysis on the minks-derived SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. We analyzed all available full-length mink derived SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences on GISAID (214 from Netherlands and 133 from Denmark). We found that the mutation pattern in the Netherlands and Denmark derived samples were different. Out of a total of 201 mutations, we found in this study, only 13 mutations were common in the Netherlands and Denmark derived samples. We found 4 mutations prevailed in the Netherlands and Denmark mink derived samples and these 4 mutations are also reported to prevail in human-derived SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khalid, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-ebini, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.29.493871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome similarities between human-derived and mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 make mink a potential reservoir of the virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effect of Perturbation Variability on Sensorimotor Adaptation Does Not Require an Implicit Memory of Errors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.30.493844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a recent paper1 entitled, "An implicit memory of errors limits human sensorimotor adaptation" Albert and colleagues presented a model in which the adaptive response of the sensorimotor system is flexibly modulated by recent experience, or what they refer to as a "memory of errors". This hypothesis stands in contrast to prevailing models in which automatic and implicit responses to movement errors are relatively insensitive to the statistical properties of the environment2-6. A prime example of this rigidity is that the adaptation system exhibits a saturated response to large errors, resulting in a non-linear motor correction function, a feature that is independent of experience4,5,7. Here we show that the key results reported in Albert et al. are fully explained by presupposing this rigid "motor correction" function without reference to memory-dependent changes in error sensitivity. As such, the evidence presented in Albert et. al. does not support the claim that the history of errors modulates implicit adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avraham, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.05.30.493844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effect of Perturbation Variability on Sensorimotor Adaptation Does Not Require an Implicit Memory of Errors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494477v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sensitive bacterial Vm sensors revealed the excitability of bacterial Vm and its role in antibiotic tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.02.494477v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As an important free energy source, the membrane voltage (Vm) regulates many essential physiological processes in bacteria. However, in comparison with eukaryotic cells, knowledge of bacterial electrophysiology is very limited. Here, we developed a set of novel genetically encoded bacterial Vm sensors which allow single-cell recording of bacterial Vm dynamics in live cells with high temporal resolution. Using these new sensors, we reveal the electrically "excitable" and "resting" states of bacterial cells dependent on their metabolic status. In the electrically excitable state, frequent hyperpolarization spikes in bacterial Vm are observed, which facilitates increased antibiotic tolerance. In the electrically resting state, bacterial Vm displays significant cell-to-cell heterogeneity and is linked to the cell fate after antibiotic treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tseng, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.02.494477</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sensitive bacterial Vm sensors revealed the excitability of bacterial Vm and its role in antibiotic tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.05.494846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biosynthetic diversification of peptaibol mediates fungus-mycohost interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.05.494846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fungi have evolved a plethora of functionally diverse secondary metabolites (SMs) to enhance their adaptation to various environments. To understand how structurally diverse metabolites contribute to fungal adaptation, we elucidate fungus-mycohost specific interactions mediated by a family of polypeptides, i.e., peptaibols. We specified that peptaibol structural diversification was attributed to the nonspecific substrate recognition by the highly conserved peptaibol synthetases (PSs) in dead wood inhabiting mycoparasitic fungi from the genus Trichoderma. Exemplified by investigation of T. hypoxylon, we characterized a library of 19 amino acid residue peptaibols, named trichohypolins, containing 42 derivatives synthesized by a single PS enzyme (NPS1Th). Elimination of trichohypolin production by the deletion of nps1Th reduced the inhibitory activities of T. hypoxylon on at least 15 saprotrophic host fungi, indicating that peptaibols are essential for interactions of Trichoderma spp. with their mycohosts. Different antagonistic effects of five trichohypolin subfractions SF1-SF5 and two pure compounds trichohypolins A (1) and B (2) on saprotrophic host fungi revealed specific activities of peptaibol derivatives in mediating fungus-mycohost interaction. Our study provides insights into the role of metabolic diversity of biosynthetic pathways in interfungal interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Druzhinina, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.05.494846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biosynthetic diversification of peptaibol mediates fungus-mycohost interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preferential cross-linking of the stereospecific complex over the encounter complexes by DOPA2, a faster cross-linker than DSS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transient protein-protein interactions are fundamental aspects of many biochemical reactions, but they are technically challenging to study. Chemical cross-linking of proteins coupled with mass spectrometry (CXMS) analysis is a powerful tool to facilitate the analysis of transient interactions. Central to this technology are chemical cross-linkers. Here, using two transient heterodimeric complexes--EIN/HPr with a KD of 7 M and EIIAGlc/EIIBGlc with a KD of 25 M--as model systems, we compared the effects of two amine-specific homo-bifunctional cross-linkers of different cross-linking speeds. Protein cross-linking by DOPA2, a di-ortho-phthalaldehyde cross-linker, is 60-120 times faster than that by DSS, an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester cross-linker. We analyzed the differences in the number of cross-links identified that reflected the stereospecific complex (SC), the final lowest-energy conformational state, and that of cross-links that reflected the encounter complexes (ECs), an ensemble of short-lived intermediate conformations mediated by nonspecific electrostatic interactions. We found that the faster DOPA2 cross-linking favored the SC whereas the slower DSS cross-linking favored the ECs. We propose a mechanistic model for this intriguing observation. This study suggests that it is feasible to probe the dynamics of protein-protein interaction using cross-linkers of different cross-linking speeds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, M.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.494913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preferential cross-linking of the stereospecific complex over the encounter complexes by DOPA2, a faster cross-linker than DSS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494947v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of ASPDH as a novel NAADP-binding protein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.06.494947v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NAADP is a signaling molecule that can induce calcium release from intracellular acidic stores. However, proteins that bind to NAADP are understudied. Here, we identify ASPDH as an NAADP-binding protein through biochemical purification from pig livers. ITC experiment using the recombinantly expressed protein shows a 1:1 binding stoichiometry and a Kd of 455 nM between NAADP and mouse ASPDH. In contrast, recombinantly expressed JPT2 and LSM12, two proteins previously identified as NAADP-receptors, show no binding in ITC experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.06.494947</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of ASPDH as a novel NAADP-binding protein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the alternative conformation of a known protein structure based on contact map prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.07.495232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid development of deep learning-based methods has considerably advanced the field of protein structure prediction. The accuracy of predicting the 3D structures of simple proteins is comparable to that of experimentally determined structures, providing broad possibilities for structure-based biological studies. Another critical question is whether and how multistate structures can be predicted from a given protein sequence. In this study, analysis of multiple two-state proteins demonstrated that deep learning-based contact map predictions contain structural information on both states, which suggests that it is probably appropriate to change the target of deep learningbased protein structure prediction from one specific structure to multiple likely structures. Furthermore, by combining deep learning- and physics-based computational methods, we developed a protocol for exploring alternative conformations from a known structure of a given protein, by which we successfully approached the holo-state conformation of a leucine-binding protein from its apo-state structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.07.495232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the alternative conformation of a known protein structure based on contact map prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-occurrence of past and present shifts current neural representations and mediates serial biases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regularities of the world render an intricate interplay between past and present. Even across independent trials, current-trial perception can be automatically shifted by preceding trials, namely the  serial bias. Meanwhile, the neural implementation of the spontaneous shift of present by past that operates on multiple features remains unknown. In two auditory categorization experiments with human electrophysiology recordings, we demonstrate that serial bias arises from the co-occurrence of past-trial neural reactivation and the neural encoding of current-trial features. The meeting of past and present shifts the neural representation of current-trial features and modulates serial bias behavior. Critically, past-trial features (i.e., pitch, category, motor response) that constitute an  event-file keep their respective identities in working memory and are only reactivated by the corresponding features in the current trial, giving rise to dissociated feature-specific serial biases. This event-file reactivation might constitute a fundamental mechanism for adaptive past-to-present generalizations over multiple features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-occurrence of past and present shifts current neural representations and mediates serial biases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcriptome-wide analysis suggests piRNAs preferentially recognize the coding region of mRNAs in C. elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.08.495319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect genome integrity by silencing transposon mRNAs and some endogenous mRNAs in various animals. However, C. elegans piRNAs fail to trigger gene silencing at many sequence-based predicted targeting sites.

ResultsTo gain insights into the mechanisms that control piRNA silencing capability, we compared the transcriptome-wide predicted piRNA targeting sites to the in vivo piRNA binding sites. Surprisingly, while predicted piRNA targeting sites are enriched in 3 UTRs, we found that C. elegans piRNAs preferentially bind to coding regions (CDS) of target mRNAs, leading to preferential production of secondary silencing small RNAs in the CDS. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that Argonaute protein CSR-1 protects mRNAs from piRNA silencing through two distinct mechanisms - by inhibiting piRNA binding across the entire CSR-1 targeted transcript, and by inhibiting secondary silencing small RNA production locally at CSR-1 bound sites. However, CSR-1 is not responsible for the piRNA binding preference for the CDS.

ConclusionsOur work identifies the CDS as the critical region that is uniquely competent for piRNA silencing in C. elegans. We speculate that the preference for CDS recognition by piRNAs may represent a mechanism to counteract the evolution of foreign protein-coding RNAs that evade piRNA surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiue, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.08.495319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcriptome-wide analysis suggests piRNAs preferentially recognize the coding region of mRNAs in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Markonv: a novel convolutional layer with inter-positional correlations modeled 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.09.495500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep neural networks equipped with convolutional neural layers have been widely used in omics data analysis. Though highly efficient in data-oriented feature detection, the classical convolutional layer is designed with inter-positional independent filters, hardly modeling inter-positional correlations in various biological data. Here, we proposed Markonv layer (Markov convolutional neural layer), a novel convolutional neural layer with Markov transition matrices as its filters, to model the intrinsic dependence in inputs as Markov processes. Extensive evaluations based on both synthetic and real-world data showed that Markonv-based networks could not only identify functional motifs with inter-positional correlations in large-scale omics sequence data effectively, but also decode complex electrical signals generated by Oxford Nanopore sequencing efficiently. Designed as a drop-in replacement of the classical convolutional layer, Markonv layers enable an effective and efficient identification for inter-positional correlations from various biological data of different modalities. All source codes of a PyTorch-based implementation are publicly available on GitHub for academic usage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.09.495500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Markonv: a novel convolutional layer with inter-positional correlations modeled]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.10.495635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning better by learning together: dyadic visual perceptual learning on orientation discrimination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.10.495635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The belief that learning can be modulated by social context is mainly supported by high-level value-based learning studies. However, whether social context can even modulate low-level learning such as visual perceptual learning (VPL) is still unknown. Unlike traditional VPL studies in which participants were trained singly, here we developed a novel dyadic VPL paradigm in which paired participants were trained with the same orientation discrimination task and they could monitor each others performance. We found that the social context (i.e., dyadic training) led to a greater behavioral performance improvement and a faster learning speed, compared with the single training. Interestingly, the facilitating effects could be modulated by the performance difference between paired participants. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results showed that, compared with the single training, social cognition areas including bilateral parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex displayed a different spatial activity pattern and enhanced functional connectivities to early visual cortex during the dyadic training. Furthermore, the dyadic training resulted in more refined orientation representation in primary visual cortex (V1), which was closely associated with the greater behavioral performance improvement. Taken together, we demonstrate that the social context, learning with a partner, can remarkably augment the plasticity of low-level visual information process by means of reshaping the neural activities in early visual cortex and social cognition areas, as well as their functional interplays.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.10.495635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning better by learning together: dyadic visual perceptual learning on orientation discrimination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.12.495784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A GPU-based computational framework that bridges Neuron simulation and Artificial Intelligence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.12.495784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biophysically detailed multi-compartment models are powerful tools to explore computational principles of the brain and also serve as a theoretical framework to generate algorithms for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the expensive computational cost severely limits the applications in both the neuroscience and AI fields. The major bottleneck during simulating detailed compartment models is the ability of a simulator to solve large systems of linear equations. Here, we present a novel Dendritic Hierarchical Scheduling (DHS) method to markedly accelerate such process. We theoretically prove that the DHS implementation is computationally optimal and accurate. This GPU-based method performs at 2-3 orders of magnitude higher speed than that of the classic serial Hines method in the conventional CPU platform. We build a DeepDendrite framework, which integrates the DHS method and the GPU computing engine of the NEURON simulator and demonstrate applications of DeepDendrite in neuroscience and AI tasks. We investigated how spatial patterns of spine inputs affect neuronal excitability in a detailed human pyramidal neuron model with 25,000 spines; and examined how dendrites protect morphologically detailed neural networks against adversarial attacks in typical image classification tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hjorth, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozlov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotaleski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grillner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.12.495784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A GPU-based computational framework that bridges Neuron simulation and Artificial Intelligence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and mechanistic insights into the DNA glycosylase AAG-mediated base excision in nucleosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.16.496441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA glycosylase engaging with damaged base marks the initiation of base excision repair. Nucleosome-based packaging of eukaryotic genome obstructs DNA accessibility, and how DNA glycosylases locate the substrate site on nucleosomes is currently unclear. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of nucleosomes bearing a deoxyinosine (DI) in various geometric positions and structures of them in complex with DNA glycosylase AAG. The apo nucleosome structures show that the presence of a deoxyinosine alone perturbs nucleosomal DNA globally, leading to a general weakening of the interface between DNA and the histone core and a greater flexibility to the exit/entry of the nucleosomal DNA. AAG makes use of this nucleosomal plasticity and imposes further local deformation of the DNA through the formation of the stable enzyme-substrate complex. Mechanistically, local distortion augment, translation/rotational register shift and partial opening of the nucleosome are employed by AAG to cope with substrate sites in fully exposed, occluded and complete buried positions, respectively. Our findings reveal the molecular basis for the DI-induced modification on the structural dynamics of the nucleosome and elucidate how DNA glycosylase AAG accesses damaged sites on the nucleosome with different solution accessibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.16.496441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and mechanistic insights into the DNA glycosylase AAG-mediated base excision in nucleosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cable-free brain imaging with miniature wireless microscopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.20.496795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The invention of the miniaturized microscope has enabled neuroscientists to investigate neural mechanisms in freely moving mice. A lot of efforts have been made to optimize performance of the miniaturized microscope. However, the tethered cables limit the ability of mini-microscope systems to record neural activity from multiple mice simultaneously. Here, we present a wireless mini-microscope (wScope) that enables both real-time remote control and data preview during animal behavior; this design also supports simultaneous recording from up to 8 mice. The wScope has a mass of 2.7 g and a maximum frame rate of 25 Hz at 750 m by 450 m field of view with 1.8 m resolution. We validated the wScopes in video-recording of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the activity of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of different mice. The wScope provides a powerful tool for brain imaging of free moving animals, including large primates, in their much larger spaces and more naturalistic environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.20.496795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cable-free brain imaging with miniature wireless microscopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497008v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pancreatic tumors activate arginine biosynthesis to adapt to myeloid-driven amino acid stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.21.497008v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nutrient stress in the tumor microenvironment requires cancer cells to adopt adaptive metabolic programs to maintain survival and proliferation. Therefore, knowledge of microenvironmental nutrient levels and how cancer cells cope with such nutrition is critical to understand the metabolism underpinning cancer cell biology. Previously, we performed quantitative metabolomics of the interstitial fluid (the local perfusate) of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors to comprehensively characterize nutrient availability in the microenvironment of these tumors (Sullivan et al., 2019a). Here, we develop Tumor Interstitial Fluid Medium (TIFM), a cell culture medium that contains nutrient levels representative of the PDAC microenvironment, enabling study of PDAC metabolism under physiological nutrition. We show that PDAC cells cultured in TIFM, compared to standard laboratory models, adopt a cellular state more similar to PDAC cells in tumors. Further, using the TIFM model we identified arginine biosynthesis as a metabolic adaptation PDAC cells engage to cope with microenvironmental arginine starvation driven by myeloid cells in PDAC tumors. Altogether, these data show that nutrient availability in tumors is an important determinant of cancer cell metabolism and behavior, and cell culture models that incorporate physiological nutrient availability have improved fidelity and enable the discovery of novel cancer metabolic phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saab, J. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dzierozynski, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonker, P. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheehan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macleod, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muir, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.21.497008</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pancreatic tumors activate arginine biosynthesis to adapt to myeloid-driven amino acid stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Selective ERK1/2 Inhibitor, Laxiflorin B, Targets EGFR Mutation Subtypes in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.27.497627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are key members of multiple signaling pathways including the ErbB axis. ERK1/2 ectopic activation is responsible for various types of cancer, especially drug resistance to inhibitors of RTK, RAF and MEK, but specific ERK1/2 inhibitors are scarce. In this study, we identified a potential novel ERK covalent inhibitor, Laxiflorin B, a herbal compound with anticancer activity. However, Laxiflorin B is present at low levels in herbs; therefore, we adopted a semi-synthetic process for the efficient production of Laxiflorin B to improve the yield. Laxiflorin B induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via BAD activation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, especially in EGFR mutant subtypes. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that Laxiflorin B inhibits amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) expression through ERK inhibition, and suppressed the activation of their receptors, ErbBs, via a positive feedback loop. More importantly, mass spectrometry combined with computer simulation analysis revealed that Laxiflorin B binds covalently to Cys-183 in the ATP-binding pocket of ERK1 through D-ring, and Cys-178 of ERK1 though non-inhibitory binding of A-ring, respectively. Laxiflorin B also exhibited strong tumor suppressive effects with low toxicity in a NSCLC tumor xenograft model in nude mice, and AREG and EREG were identified as biomarkers of Laxiflorin B efficacy. Finally, Laxiflorin B-4, a C-6 modification of Laxiflorin B, exhibited higher affinity for ERK1/2 and stronger tumor suppression. These findings provide a new approach to tumor inhibition using natural anticancer compounds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.27.497627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Selective ERK1/2 Inhibitor, Laxiflorin B, Targets EGFR Mutation Subtypes in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terminal flourishes but not trills differ between urban and rural chaffinch song 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.06.29.498165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anthropogenic noise interrupts the acoustic communication between animals living in urban habitats. Accumulating evidence suggests that animals can evade this interruption using various strategies such as shifting frequencies upwards or increasing the duration of their signals. In this study, we compared the time and frequency-related characteristics of songs and rain calls of common chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) inhabiting rural forests and an urban park in Turkey. Most of the song phrases and rain calls did not differ in any of the characteristics measured between urban and rural chaffinches. Terminal flourish phrases of the songs, however, had lower minimum frequencies and broader bandwidth in urban territories, contrary to our predictions. We discuss this finding in relation to its potential adaptive significance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yelimlies, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atalas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onsal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.06.29.498165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terminal flourishes but not trills differ between urban and rural chaffinch song]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The specificity of different-distance connections in human structural connectomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.09.499310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain structural connectomes underpin complex cognitive processes. To date, abundant organizational features have been distilled by network-based tools, including hubs, modules, and small-worldness. However, these features are often devoid of spatial characteristics which directly shape connection formation. By considering the spatial embedding of brain networks, we reveal the connection specificity, that is, the similarity of similar-distance connections and the dissimilarity of different-distance connections. It is induced by the whole-brain connection length distribution, allowing areas to send and receive diverse signals through different-distance connections. Based on it, areas functional repertoires are associated with their connection length profiles, and meanwhile, length dispersion and clustering coefficients can be integrated into a hierarchy whose age-related degeneration may be related to cognitive decline. These results construct a putative bridge between brain spatial, topological, and functional features, expanding our understanding of how different architectures complement and reinforce each other to achieve complicated brain functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.09.499310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The specificity of different-distance connections in human structural connectomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499525v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Growth mindset promotes children's working memory performance through cortico-striatal interaction and fronto-parietal activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.11.499525v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Growth mindset--the belief that abilities are malleable through effort--drives motivation, action and achievement. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, necessitating a unified framework that integrates cognitive, neural, and developmental processes. Leveraging longitudinal neuroimaging and computational modeling to reveal moment-to-moment decision responses and brain state dynamics during working memory (WM), we show that growth mindset enhances WM development from middle childhood to adolescence via nuanced cortico-striatal network dynamics that balance between brain state flexibility and stability. Behaviorally, children with higher growth mindset exhibited better WM performance both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, attributed to faster evidence accumulation during moment-to-moment information updating, especially under high task demands. Neurally, a higher growth mindset was associated with greater activation of the dorsal striatum, cingulo-opercular (action-mode), and fronto-parietal networks during WM, which further accounted for longitudinal WM improvement and latent evidence accumulation. Such cortico-striatal activation covaried with neurochemical mediators critical for motivation and executive functioning. Analyzing non-stationary network dynamics revealed that growth mindset optimized dynamical organization of cortico-striatal networks, with an activated state highly flexible to support moment-to-moment information updating and a deactivated state remaining stable across blocks to suppress irrelevant information. This suggests a balanced allocation of resources for accumulating evidence while suppressing noise during WM. Together, our findings support a neurocognitive framework in which growth mindset enhances WM development via nuanced orchestration of cortico-striatal networks to enable efficient dynamic computations and foster far-reaching cognitive development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.11.499525</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Growth mindset promotes children's working memory performance through cortico-striatal interaction and fronto-parietal activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499232v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Enhanced Hi-C data reveals the function of structural geometry in genomic regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499232v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technique profiles the genomic structure in a genome-wide fashion. The reproducibility and consistency of Hi-C data are essential in characterizing dynamics of genomic structures. We developed a diffusion-based method, CTG (Hi-C To Geometry), to deal with the technical bias induced by insufficient sampling in sequencing and obtain reliable gemeotric information of the chromatin. CTG properly quantifies dubiously weak or even undetected interactions and produces a consistent and reproducible framework for the 3D genomic structure. CTG allows for a reliable genome-wide insight on the alteration of genomic structures under different cellular conditions and reveals correlations between genomic-proximal genes at both transcriptional and translational levels. Cell-specific correspondence between gene-gene and corresponding protein-protein physical interactions, as well as that with the transcription correlation reveals the coordinated inter-molecular structural and regulatory information passage in the central dogma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499232</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Enhanced Hi-C data reveals the function of structural geometry in genomic regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with optogenetic neural manipulation is a powerful tool that enables brain-wide mapping of effective functional networks. To achieve flexible manipulation of neural excitation throughout the mouse cortex, we incorporated spatiotemporal programmable optogenetic stimuli generated by a digital micromirror device into an MR scanner via an optical fiber bundle for the first time. This approach offered versatility in space and time in planning the photostimulation pattern, combined with in situ optical imaging and cell-type or circuit-specific genetic targeting in individual mice. Brain-wide effective connectivity obtained by fMRI with optogenetic stimulation of atlas-based cortical regions is generally congruent with anatomically defined axonal tracing data but is affected by the types of anesthetics that act selectively on specific connections. fMRI combined with flexible optogenetics opens a new path to investigate dynamic changes in functional brain states in the same animal through high-throughput brain-wide effective connectivity mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moon, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noncovalent antibody catenation on a target surface drastically increases the antigen-binding avidity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.12.499671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are widely used for diagnosis and therapy. Given the unique dimeric structure of IgG, we hypothesized that, by genetically fusing a homodimeric protein (catenator) to the C-terminus of IgG, reversible catenation of antibody molecules could be induced on a surface where target antigen molecules are abundant, and that it could be an effective way to greatly enhance the antigen-binding avidity. A thermodynamic simulation shows that quite low homodimerization affinity of a catenator, e.g. dissociation constant of 100 M, can enhance nanomolar antigen-binding avidity to a picomolar level, and that the fold enhancement sharply depends on the density of the antigen. In a proof-of-concept experiment where antigen molecules are immobilized on a biosensor tip, C-terminal fusion of a weakly homodimerizing protein to two different antibodies enhanced the antigen-binding avidity by at least 210 to 5,120 folds from the intrinsic binding avidity. Thus, the homodimerization-induced antibody catenation would be a simple, powerful and general approach to improve many antibody applications, including the detection of scarce biomarkers and targeted anticancer therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.12.499671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noncovalent antibody catenation on a target surface drastically increases the antigen-binding avidity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500143v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crossmodal reorganization in deaf auditory cortices compensates for the impaired body-centered visuomotor transformation after early deafness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.14.500143v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early deafness leads to the reorganization of large-scale brain networks, involving and extending beyond the auditory system. Body-centered visuomotor transformation is impaired after early auditory deprivation, associated with a hyper-crosstalk between the task-critical frontoparietal network (FPN) and the default-mode network (DMN). It remains to be elucidated, how the reorganized functional connectivity between the auditory system, the FPN, and the DMN contributes to the impaired visuomotor transformation after early deafness. In this fMRI study, we asked early deaf participants and hearing controls to judge the spatial location of a visual target, either about the middle-sagittal line of their own body (the egocentric task) or another background object (the allocentric task). The bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) in the deaf group exhibited cross-modal reorganization, with generally enhanced neural activity during the visual tasks, compared to hearing controls. Moreover, the STG showed significantly increased functional connectivity with both the FPN and the DMN in the deaf group compared to hearing controls, specifically during the egocentric task. The increased STG-FPN and STG-DMN coupling, however, showed antagonistic effects on the egocentric performance of the deaf participants. The increased STG-FPN connectivity was associated with improved (i.e., a beneficial role) while the increased STG-DMN with deteriorated (i.e., a detrimental role) egocentric performance in the deaf participants. No such effect was observed in hearing controls. Therefore, the auditory cortex is reorganized to functionally resemble the FPN in the deaf brain, representing compensatory neuroplasticity to mitigate the impaired visuomotor transformation after early deafness.

Significance StatementOur brain constantly plans vision-guided actions, transforming visuospatial representations of external visual targets into visuomotor representations. The frontoparietal network (FPN) critically supports this visuomotor transformation process, which is impaired after early deafness. To mitigate the impaired visuomotor transformation, the  deaf auditory cortex in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) shows compensatory cross-modal reorganization that functionally resembles the FPN regions. Specifically, the deaf auditory cortex becomes functionally coupled with the dorsal FPN regions. The stronger the STG-FPN coupling, the more improved the deaf adults visuomotor transformation performance, indicating the reorganized STG as a critical node of the task-critical network. Correspondingly, increased coupling between the task-critical deaf STG and the default-mode network impairs the visuomotor transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, P. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fink, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.14.500143</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crossmodal reorganization in deaf auditory cortices compensates for the impaired body-centered visuomotor transformation after early deafness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.17.500361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximal dendritic localization of NALCN channels underlies tonic and burst firing in nigral dopaminergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.17.500361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In multipolar nigral dopamine (DA) neurons, the highly excitable proximal dendritic compartments (PDCs) and two Na+-permeable leak channels, TRPC3 and NALCN, play a key role in pacemaking. However, the causal link between them is unknown. Here we report that the proximal dendritic localization of NALCN underlies pacemaking and burst firing in DA neurons.

Our morphological analysis of nigral DA neurons reveals that TRPC3 is ubiquitously expressed in the whole somatodendritic compartment, but NALCN is localized within the PDCs. Blocking either TRPC3 or NALCN channels abolished pacemaking. However, only blocking NALCN, not TRPC3, degraded burst discharges. Furthermore, local glutamate uncaging readily induced burst discharges within the PDCs, compared with other parts of the neuron, and NALCN channel inhibition dissipated burst generation, indicating the importance of NALCN to the high excitability of PDCs. Therefore, we conclude that PDCs serve as a common base for tonic and burst firing in nigral DA neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Um, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.17.500361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximal dendritic localization of NALCN channels underlies tonic and burst firing in nigral dopaminergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibody evasion and receptor binding features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.18.500332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant, BA.2.75, displayed a local growth advantage over BA.2.38, BA.2.76 and BA.5 in India. The underlying mechanism of BA.2.75s enhanced infectivity, especially compared to BA.5, remains unclear. Here, we show that BA.2.75 exhibits substantially higher ACE2-binding affinity than BA.5. Also, BA.2.75 spike shows decreased thermostability and increased "up" RBD conformation in acidic conditions, suggesting enhanced low-pH-endosomal cell-entry pathway utilization. BA.2.75 is less humoral immune evasive than BA.4/BA.5 in BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough-infection convalescents; however, BA.2.75 shows heavier neutralization evasion in Delta breakthrough-infection convalescents. Importantly, plasma from BA.5 breakthrough infection exhibit significantly weaker neutralization against BA.2.75 than BA.5, mainly due to BA.2.75s distinct RBD and NTD-targeting antibody escaping pattern from BA.4/BA.5. Additionally, Evusheld and Bebtelovimab remain effective against BA.2.75, and Sotrovimab recovered RBD-binding affinity. Together, our results suggest BA.2.75 may prevail after the global BA.4/BA.5 wave, and its increased receptor-binding capability could allow further incorporation of immune-evasive mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.18.500332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neutralizing antibody evasion and receptor binding features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.75]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine Activates Astrocytes in Prefrontal Cortex via α1-Adrenergic Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.19.500710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hub for cognitive control, and dopamine profoundly influences its functions. In other brain regions, astrocytes sense diverse neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and, in turn, orchestrate regulation of neuroactive substances. However, basic physiology of PFC astrocytes, including which neuromodulatory signals they respond to and how they contribute to PFC function, is lacking. Here, we characterize divergent signaling signatures in astrocytes of PFC and primary sensory cortex in mice, which are linked to differential responsivity to locomotion. We find that PFC astrocytes express receptors for dopamine, but are unresponsive through the Gs/Gi-cAMP pathway. Instead, fast calcium signals in PFC astrocytes are time-locked to dopamine release, and are mediated by 1-adrenergic receptors both ex vivo and in vivo. Further, we describe dopamine-triggered regulation of extracellular ATP at PFC astrocyte territories. Thus, we identify astrocytes as active players in dopaminergic signaling in PFC, contributing to PFC function though neuromodulator receptor crosstalk.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=195 SRC="FIGDIR/small/500710v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pittolo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoyama, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willoughby, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reitman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Etchenique, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poskanzer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.19.500710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine Activates Astrocytes in Prefrontal Cortex via α1-Adrenergic Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of Transgenic Fluorescent Mice for Screening Synaptogenic Adhesion Molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.20.500799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synapse is the fundamental structure for neurons to transmit information between cells. The proper synapse formation is crucial for developing neural circuits and cognitive functions of the brain. The aberrant synapse formation has been proved to cause many neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are thought to play a major role in achieving mechanistic cell-cell recognition and initiating synapse formation via trans-synaptic interactions. Although several synaptic CAMs, such as neurexins, neuroligins, SynCAMs, and LRRTMs, have been identified as synaptogenic molecules, these molecules so far as we know cannot fully explain the mechanism of synapse formation. There should be other synaptogenic adhesion molecules that remain undiscovered. Artificial synapse formation (ASF) assays, the commonly used method for screening synaptogenesis molecules, is time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the long-lasting immunostaining step. To skip this step, we generated synaptotagmin 1-tdTomato (Syt1-TDT) transgenic mice by inserting the tdTomato-fused synaptotagmin 1 coding sequence into the genome of C57BL/6J mice. In the brain of Syt1-TDT transgenic mice, the Syt1-TDT signals were widely observed in different areas. In the cultured hippocampal neurons, the Syt1-TDT signals merged with several synaptic markers, suggesting the well synaptic localization of Syt1-TDT. Compared to the wild-type (WT) mouse neurons, cultured hippocampal neurons from Syt1-TDT transgenic mice presented normal synaptic neurotransmission. In ASF assays, neurons from Syt1-TDT transgenic mice could form synaptic connections with HEK293T cells expressing neuroligin2, LRRTM2, and Slitrk2 without immunostaining. Therefore, our work suggested that the Syt1-TDT transgenic mice with the ability to label synapses by tdTomato will be a convenient tool for screening synaptogenic molecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.20.500799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of Transgenic Fluorescent Mice for Screening Synaptogenic Adhesion Molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic basis for targeting homologous recombination defective liver cancer via synthetic lethality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.21.500952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many cancers harbour homologous recombination defects (HRD). The identification of PARP inhibitors as synthetic lethal with HRD has led to new therapeutic strategies for HRD cancers. Here we report a subtype of HRD that is caused by the perturbation of a previously uncharacterised proteasome variant, CDW19S, in hepatitis virus B (HBV) positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HBVHCC). CDW19S contains the 19S complex decorated with a Cullin 4 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4WDR70) that is assembled at broken chromatin and regulates end processing nucleases. The HBV oncoprotein, HBx, prevents integration of the CRL4 backbone into CDW19S. We show that CDW19S directly ubiquitinates ADRM1Rpn13, targeting it for degradation, and that HBx interferes with this, leading to the imposition of a novel ADRM1Rpn13-dependent resection barrier that results in HRD and promotes carcinogenesis with concurrent TP53 loss. Using cellular and patient-derived xenograft models we demonstrate that HRD in HBVHCC can be exploited to restrict tumour progression. Our work clarifies the mechanism of a virally-induced HRD and suggests a new route for targeted HBVHCC therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.21.500952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic basis for targeting homologous recombination defective liver cancer via synthetic lethality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501322v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic architecture of creativity and extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders revealed from genome-wide association analyses of 241,736 individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501322v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Creativity is heritable and exhibits familial aggregation with psychiatric disorders, but its genomic basis and genetic relationship with psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using an expanded, machine learning-based definition of creativity in individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank (n = 241,736) and identified 25 creativity-associated loci. Extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depression, bipolar I disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anorexia nervosa, was demonstrated by the genetic correlation, polygenic risk score, and MiXeR analyses. The condFDR and conjFDR analyses identified additional loci for creativity and psychiatric disorders, as well as shared genetic loci between creativity and psychiatric disorders. This GWAS showed significant correlations with GWASs using traditional definitions of creativity and GWASs adjusted for educational attainment. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the genetic architecture of creativity and reveal its polygenic relationships with psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ihm, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhshi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreassen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flint, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendler, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501322</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic architecture of creativity and extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders revealed from genome-wide association analyses of 241,736 individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coevolution-based prediction of key allosteric residues for protein function regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.25.501401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allostery is fundamental to many biological processes. Due to the distant regulation nature, how allosteric mutations, modifications and effector binding impact protein function is difficult to forecast. In protein engineering, remote mutations cannot be rationally designed without large scale experimental screen. Allosteric drugs have raised much attention due to their high specificity and possibility of overcoming existing drug-resistant mutations. However, optimization of allosteric compounds remains challenging. Here, we developed a novel computational method KeyAlloSite to predict allosteric site and to identify key allosteric residues (allo-residues) based on the evolutionary coupling model. We found that protein allosteric sites are strongly coupled to orthosteric site compared to non-functional sites. We further inferred key allo-residues by pairwise comparing the difference of evolutionary coupling scores of each residue in the allosteric pocket with the functional site. Our predicted key allo-residues are in accordance with previous experimental studies for typical allosteric proteins like BCR-ABL1, Tar and PDZ3, as well as key cancer mutations. We also showed that KeyAlloSite can be used to predict key allosteric residues distant from the catalytic site that are important for enzyme catalysis. Our study demonstrates that weak coevolutionary couplings contain important information of protein allosteric regulation function. KeyAlloSite can be applied in studying the evolution of protein allosteric regulation, designing and optimizing allosteric drugs, performing functional protein design and enzyme engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.25.501401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coevolution-based prediction of key allosteric residues for protein function regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ultraliser: a framework for creating multiscale, high-fidelity and geometrically realistic 3D models for in silico neuroscience 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
UO_SCPLOWLTRALISERC_SCPLOW is a neuroscience-specific software framework capable of creating accurate and biologically realistic 3D models of complex neuroscientific structures at intracellular (e.g. mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula), cellular (e.g. neurons and glia) and even multicellular scales of resolution (e.g. cerebral vasculature and minicolumns). Resulting models are exported as triangulated surface meshes and annotated volumes for multiple applications in in silico neuroscience, allowing scalable supercomputer simulations that can unravel intricate cellular structure-function relationships. UO_SCPLOWLTRALISERC_SCPLOW implements a high performance and unconditionally robust voxelization engine adapted to create optimized watertight surface meshes and annotated voxel grids from arbitrary non-watertight triangular soups, digitized morphological skeletons or binary volumetric masks. The framework represents a major leap forward in simulation-based neuroscience, making it possible to employ high-resolution 3D structural models for quantification of surface areas and volumes, which are of the utmost importance for cellular and system simulations. The power of UO_SCPLOWLTRALISERC_SCPLOW is demonstrated with several use cases in which hundreds of models are created for potential application in diverse types of simulations. UO_SCPLOWLTRALISERC_SCPLOW is publicly released under the GNU GPL3 license on GitHub (BlueBrain/Ultraliser).

SignificanceThere is crystal clear evidence on the impact of cell shape on its signaling mechanisms. Structural models can therefore be insightful to realize the function; the more realistic the structure can be, the further we get insights into the function. Creating realistic structural models from existing ones is challenging, particularly when needed for detailed subcellular simulations. We present UO_SCPLOWLTRALISERC_SCPLOW, a neuroscience-dedicated framework capable of building these structural models with realistic and detailed cellular geometries that can be used for simulations.

Key pointsO_LIUltraliser creates spatial models of neuro-glia-vascular (NGV) structures with realistic geometries.
C_LIO_LIUltraliser creates high fidelity watertight manifolds and large scale volumes from centerline descriptions, non-watertight surfaces, and binary masks.
C_LIO_LIResulting models enable scalable in silico experiments that can probe intricate structure-function relationships.
C_LIO_LIThe framework is unrivalled both in ease-of-use and in the accuracy of resulting geometry representing a major leap forward in simulation-based neuroscience.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdellah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Cantero, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roman Guerrero, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coggan, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cali, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agus, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zisis, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadwiger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magistretti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schürmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ultraliser: a framework for creating multiscale, high-fidelity and geometrically realistic 3D models for in silico neuroscience]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical cell-type identifier accurately distinguishes immune-cell subtypes enabling precise profiling of tissue microenvironment with single-cell RNA-sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.27.501701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWSingle-cell RNA-seq enabled in-depth study on tissue micro-environment and immune-profiling, where a crucial step is to annotate cell identity. Immune cells play key roles in many diseases while their activities are hard to track due to diverse and highly variable nature. Existing cell-type identifiers had limited performance for this purpose. We present HiCAT, a hierarchical, marker-based cell-type identifier utilizing gene set analysis for statistical scoring for given markers. It features successive identification of major-type, minor-type and subsets utilizing subset markers structured in a three-level taxonomy tree. Comparison with manual annotation and pairwise match test showed HiCAT outperforms others in major- and minor-type identification. For subsets, we qualitatively evaluated marker expression profile demonstrating that HiCAT provide most clear immune cell landscape. HiCAT was also used for immune cell profiling in ulcerative colitis and discovered distinct features of the disease in macrophage and T cell subsets that could not be identified previously.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.07.27.501701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical cell-type identifier accurately distinguishes immune-cell subtypes enabling precise profiling of tissue microenvironment with single-cell RNA-sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically encoded photocatalytic protein labeling enables spatially-resolved profiling of intracellular proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.01.502286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mapping the subcellular organization of proteins is crucial for understanding their biological functions. Herein, we report a reactive oxygen species induced protein labeling and identification (RinID) method for profiling subcellular proteome in the context of living cells. Our method capitalizes on a genetically encoded photocatalyst, miniSOG, to locally generate singlet oxygen that reacts with proximal proteins. Labeled proteins are conjugated in situ with an exogenously supplied nucleophilic probe, which serves as a functional handle for subsequent affinity enrichment and mass spectrometry-based protein identification. From a panel of nucleophilic compounds, we identify biotin-conjugated aniline and propargyl amine as highly reactive probes. As a demonstration of the spatial specificity and depth of coverage in mammalian cells, we apply RinID in the mitochondrial matrix, capturing 394 mitochondrial proteins with 97% specificity. We further demonstrate the broad applicability of RinID in various subcellular compartments, including the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.01.502286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically encoded photocatalytic protein labeling enables spatially-resolved profiling of intracellular proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.499114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rational identification of potent and broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody cocktails from SARS convalescents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.499114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have escaped most RBD-targeting therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which proves the previous NAb drug screening strategies deficient against the fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2. Better broad NAb drug candidate selection methods are needed. Here, we describe a rational approach for identifying RBD-targeting broad SARS-CoV-2 NAb cocktails. Based on high-throughput epitope determination, we propose that broad NAb drugs should target non-immunodominant RBD epitopes to avoid herd immunity-directed escape mutations. Also, their interacting antigen residues should focus on sarbecovirus conserved sites and associate with critical viral functions, making the antibody-escaping mutations less likely to appear. Following the criteria, a featured non-competing antibody cocktail, SA55+SA58, is identified from a large collection of broad sarbecovirus NAbs isolated from SARS convalescents. SA55+SA58 potently neutralizes ACE2-utilizing sarbecoviruses, including circulating Omicron variants, and could serve as broad SARS-CoV-2 prophylactics to offer long-term protection. Our screening strategy can also be applied to identify broad-spectrum NAb drugs against other fast-evolving viruses, such as influenza viruses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.499114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rational identification of potent and broad sarbecovirus-neutralizing antibody cocktails from SARS convalescents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502706v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack human immunoglobulin M 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502706v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe malaria in humans. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) serves as the first line of humoral defense against infection and potently activates the complement pathway to facilitate P. falciparum clearance. A number of P. falciparum proteins hijack IgM, leading to immune evasion and severe disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, we delineate how P. falciparum proteins VAR2CSA, TM284VAR1, DBLMSP, and DBLMSP2 target IgM. Each protein binds IgM in a different manner, and together they present a variety of Duffy-binding-like domain-IgM interaction modes. We further show that these proteins interfere directly with IgM-mediated complement activation, with VAR2CSA exhibiting the most potent inhibitory effect. Structural analyses suggest that VAR2CSA occludes the congregation of the complement C1 complex on IgM. These results underscore the importance of IgM for the adaptation of P. falciparum to humans, and provide critical insights into the immune evasion mechanism of P. falciparum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502706</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plasmodium falciparum has evolved multiple mechanisms to hijack human immunoglobulin M]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of network hierarchy reflects cell-state specificity in genome organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.03.502724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic chromatin structure acts as the regulator of transcription program in crucial processes including cancer and cell development, but a unified framework for characterizing chromatin structural evolution remains to be established. Here, we performed graph inferences on Hi-C datasets and derived the chromatin contact networks (CCNs). We discovered significant decreases in information transmission efficiencies in CCNs of colorectal cancer (CRC) and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) compared to corresponding normal controls through graph statistics. Through network embedding in Poincare disk, the hierarchy depths of CCNs from CRC and T-ALL patients were found to be significantly shallower compared to their normal controls. A reverse trend of CCN change was observed for the transition from embryo to differentiated primary tissues. During early embryo developments of both human and mouse, the hierarchy of embedded chromatin structure gradually establishes. Additionally, we found tissue-specific conservation of hierarchy order in normal CCNs, which was disturbed in tumor. Our findings uncover the cell-state related hierarchical characteristics in chromatin structure, which reveal chromatin loci that play important roles in stabilizing the cellular conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.03.502724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of network hierarchy reflects cell-state specificity in genome organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uni-Fold: An Open-Source Platform for Developing Protein Folding Models beyond AlphaFold 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent breakthroughs on protein structure prediction, namely AlphaFold, have led to unprecedented new possibilities in related areas. However, the lack of training utilities in its current open-source code hinders the community from further developing or adapting the model. Here we present Uni-Fold as a thoroughly open-source platform for developing protein folding models beyond AlphaFold. We reimplemented AlphaFold and AlphaFold-Multimer in the PyTorch framework, and reproduced their from-scratch training processes with equivalent or better accuracy. Based on various optimizations, Uni-Fold achieves about 2.2 times training acceleration compared with AlphaFold under similar hardware configuration. On a benchmark of recently released multimeric protein structures, Uni-Fold outperforms AlphaFold-Multimer by approximately 2% on the TM-Score. Uni-Fold is currently the only open-source repository that supports both training and inference of multimeric protein models. The source code, model parameters, test data, and web server of Uni-Fold are publicly available3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.04.502811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uni-Fold: An Open-Source Platform for Developing Protein Folding Models beyond AlphaFold]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.502989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaTiME: Meta-components of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.05.502989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have revealed heterogeneous cell types and gene expression states in the non-cancerous cells in tumors. The integration of multiple scRNA-seq datasets across tumors can reveal common cell types and states in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We developed a data driven framework, MetaTiME, to overcome the limitations in resolution and consistency that result from manual labelling using known gene markers. Using millions of TME single cells, MetaTiME learns meta-components that encode independent components of gene expression observed across cancer types. The meta-components are biologically interpretable as cell types, cell states, and signaling activities. By projecting onto the MetaTiME space, we provide a tool to annotate cell states and signature continuums for TME scRNA-seq data. Leveraging epigenetics data, MetaTiME reveals critical transcriptional regulators for the cell states. Overall, MetaTiME learns data-driven meta-components that depict cellular states and gene regulators for tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.05.502989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaTiME: Meta-components of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recovery of structural integrity of epithelial monolayer in response to massive apoptosis-induced defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.08.503238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apoptosis exists ubiquitously in organisms and plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of functional tissues. While the signaling pathway of cell apoptosis has been widely studied, the mechanism of how apoptotic cells regulate the structural homeostasis of a living tissue still remains largely elusive. Using a functional epithelial monolayer as a model system, we find that the integrity of the epithelium is interrupted by apoptosis-induced defects, with an increasing permeability to small molecules across the epithelium. The defects promote a structural reorganization through enhanced cell spreading and migratory dynamics, resulting in a quick recovery of epithelium integrity. Moreover, we show the epithelial monolayer remodeling is driven by local enhanced traction force after apoptosis, which triggers the process of fluidization and mesenchymal-like migration. Our results show the quick recovery of epithelial homeostasis when being interrupted by cell apoptosis, and indicate the importance of apoptosis-induced mechanical force in mediating cell behaviors to maintain the structural integrity of epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weitz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.08.503238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recovery of structural integrity of epithelial monolayer in response to massive apoptosis-induced defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harnessing Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility alleles for confined gene drive: a modeling study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolbachia is a maternally-inherited bacteria, which can spread rapidly in populations by manipulating reproduction. CifA and CifB are genes found in Wolbachia phage that are responsible for cytoplasmic incompatibility, the most common type of Wolbachia reproductive interference. In this phenomenon, no viable offspring are produced when a male with both CifA and CifB (or just CifB in an alternative mechanism) mates with a female lacking CifA. Utilizing this feature, we propose new types of toxin-antidote gene drives that can be constructed with these genes. By using both mathematical and simulation models, we found that a drive containing CifA and CifB together create a confined drive with a moderate to high introduction threshold. When introduced separately, they act as a self-limiting drive. We observed that the performance of these drives is substantially influenced by various ecological parameters and drive characteristics. Extending our models to continuous space, we found that the drive individual release distribution has a critical impact on drive persistence. Our results suggest that these new types of drives based on Wolbachia transgenes are safe and flexible candidates for genetic modification of populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harnessing Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility alleles for confined gene drive: a modeling study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Further humoral immunity evasion of emerging SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.09.503384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants with R346 mutations on the spike glycoprotein have been identified in various countries, such as BA.4.6/BF.7 harboring R346T, BA.4.7 harboring R346S, and BA.5.9 harboring R346I. These subvariants, especially BA.4.6, exhibit substantial growth advantages compared to BA.4/BA.5. In this study, we showed that BA.4.6, BA.4.7, and BA.5.9 displayed higher humoral immunity evasion capability than BA.4/BA.5, causing 1.5 to 1.9-fold decrease in NT50 of the plasma from BA.1 and BA.2 breakthrough-infection convalescents compared to BA.4/BA.5. Importantly, plasma from BA.5 breakthrough-infection convalescents also exhibits significant neutralization activity decrease against BA.4.6, BA.4.7, and BA.5.9 than BA.4/BA.5, showing on average 2.4 to 2.6-fold decrease in NT50. For neutralizing antibody drugs, Bebtelovimab remains potent, while Evusheld is completely escaped by these subvariants. Together, our results rationalize the prevailing advantages of the R346 mutated BA.4/BA.5 subvariants and urge the close monitoring of these mutants, which could lead to the next wave of the pandemic.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.09.503384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Further humoral immunity evasion of emerging SARS-CoV-2 BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage migrates on alternate non-adhesive surfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.10.503454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages migrate across tissues upon immune demand, but their motility on heterogeneous substrates remains unclear. Protein-repelling reagents, e.g., poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG), are routinely employed to resist cell adhering and migrating. Contrary to this perception, we discovered a unique locomotion of macrophages in vitro that they overcome non-adhesive PEG gaps to reach adhesive regions in a mesenchymal mode. Adhesion to adhesive regions was a prerequisite for macrophages to perform further locomotion on the PEG regions, or else they kept a suspended round shape. Podosomes were found highly enriched on the PEG region, which supported macrophage migration. Myosin IIA played a negative role in macrophage motility. Moreover, a developed cellular Potts model reproduced the experimental observations. These findings uncovered a new migratory behavior on non-adhesive surfaces in macrophages.

One-Sentence SummaryMacrophages can migrate across non-adhesive surfaces that are absolute boundaries for other cell types.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xing, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.10.503454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage migrates on alternate non-adhesive surfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering precise adenine base editor with infinitesimal rates of bystander mutations and off-target editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.12.503700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adenine base editors (ABEs) catalyze A-to-G transitions showing broad applications, but their bystander mutations and off-target editing effects raise the concerns of safety issues. Through structure-guided engineering, we found ABE8e with an N108Q mutation reduced both adenine and cytosine bystander editing, and introduction of an additional L145T mutation (ABE9), further refined the editing window to 1-2nt with eliminated cytosine editing. Importantly, ABE9 induced very minimal RNA and undetectable Cas9-independent DNA off-target effects, which mainly installed desired single A-to-G conversion in mouse and rat embryos to efficiently generate disease models. Moreover, ABE9 accurately edited A5 position of the protospacer sequence in pathogenic homopolymeric adenosine sites (up to 342.5-fold precision than ABE8e) and was further confirmed through a library of guide RNA-target sequence pairs. Due to the minimized editing window, ABE9 could further broaden the targeting scope for precise correction of pathogenic SNVs when fused to Cas9 variants with expanded PAM compatibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ru, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.12.503700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering precise adenine base editor with infinitesimal rates of bystander mutations and off-target editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.504057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequential involvements of macaque perirhinal cortex and hippocampus in semantic-like memory including spatial component 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.15.504057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The standard consolidation theory suggests the critical involvement of the hippocampus (HPC) in acquiring new knowledge, while the perirhinal cortex (PRC) is involved in its long-term storage (i.e., semantic memory). Converging studies have shown exclusive involvement of the PRC in item processing, while the HPC relates the item with a spatial context. These two lines of literature raise the following question; which brain region is involved in semantic recall that includes the spatial components? To solve this question, we applied an item-location associative (ILA) paradigm in a single-unit study using non-human primates. We trained two macaques to associate four visual item pairs with four locations on a background map before the recording sessions. In each trial, one visual item and the map image at a tilt (-90 to 90 degrees) were sequentially presented as the item-cue and the context-cue, respectively. The macaques chose the item-cue location relative to the context-cue by positioning their gaze. Neurons in both PRC and HPC but not area TE exhibited item-cue responses which signaled retrieval of item-location associative memory. This retrieval signal first appeared in the PRC before appearing in the HPC. We examined whether neural representations of the retrieved locations were related to the external space where the macaques viewed. A positive representation similarity was found in the HPC but not PRC, suggesting a contribution of the HPC to relate the retrieved location with a first-person perspective of the subjects. These results suggest their distinct but complementary contributions to semantic recall including spatial components.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.15.504057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequential involvements of macaque perirhinal cortex and hippocampus in semantic-like memory including spatial component]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic-focused CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies ASH2L as a regulator of glioblastoma cell survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.17.504245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with poor prognosis, highlighting an urgent need for novel treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated epigenetic regulators of glioblastoma cell survival through CRISPR/Cas9 based genetic ablation screens using a customized sgRNA library EpiDoKOL, which targets critical functional domains of chromatin modifiers. Screens conducted in multiple cell lines revealed ASH2L, a histone lysine methyltransferase complex subunit, as a major regulator of glioblastoma cell viability. ASH2L depletion led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNA sequencing and greenCUT&RUN together identified a set of cell cycle regulatory genes, such as TRA2B, BARD1, KIF20B, ARID4A and SMARCC1 that were downregulated upon ASH2L depletion. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed the interaction partners of ASH2L in glioblastoma cell lines as SET1/MLL family members including SETD1A, SETD1B, MLL1 and MLL2. We further showed that glioblastoma cells had a differential dependency on expression of SET1/MLL family members for survival. The growth of ASH2L-depleted glioblastoma cells was markedly slower than controls in orthotopic in vivo models. TCGA analysis showed high ASH2L expression in glioblastoma compared to low grade gliomas and immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant ASH2L expression in glioblastoma tissues, attesting to its clinical relevance. Therefore, high throughput, robust and affordable screens with focused libraries, such as EpiDoKOL, holds great promise to enable rapid discovery of novel epigenetic regulators of cancer cell survival, such as ASH2L. Together, we suggest that targeting ASH2L could serve as a new therapeutic opportunity for glioblastoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozyerli-Goknar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kala, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulut, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cingoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizamuddin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biniossek, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seker-Polat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aztekin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kung, S. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Timmers, H. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.17.504245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic-focused CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies ASH2L as a regulator of glioblastoma cell survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504485v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetically encoded sensors for measuring histamine release both in vitro and in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.19.504485v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histamine (HA) is a key biogenic monoamine involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes in both the central nervous system and the periphery. Because the ability to directly measure extracellular HA in real-time will provide important insights into the functional role of HA in complex circuits under a variety of conditions, we developed a series of genetically encoded G protein-coupled receptor activation-based (GRAB) HA (GRABHA) sensors. These sensors produce a robust increase in fluorescence upon HA application, with good photostability, sub-second kinetics, nanomolar affinity, and high specificity. Using these GRABHA sensors, we measured electrical stimulation-evoked HA release in acute brain slices with high spatiotemporal resolution. Moreover, we recorded HA release in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and in the medial prefrontal cortex during the sleep-wake cycle in freely moving mice, finding distinct patterns of HA release in these specific brain regions. Together, these in vitro and in vivo results show that our GRABHA sensors have high sensitivity and specificity for measuring extracellular HA, thus providing a robust new set of tools for examining the role of HA signaling in both health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vischer, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leurs, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.19.504485</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetically encoded sensors for measuring histamine release both in vitro and in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineering of NEMO as calcium indicators with ultra-high dynamics and sensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.504677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECI) are indispensable tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular calcium signals and cellular activities in living organisms. Current GECIs face the challenge of sub-optimal peak signal-to-baseline-ratio (SBR) with limited resolution for reporting subtle calcium transients. We report herein the development of a suite of calcium sensors, designated NEMO, with fast kinetics and wide dynamic ranges (>100-fold). NEMO indicators report Ca2+ transients with peak SBRs ~20-fold larger than the top-of-the-range GCaMP series. NEMO sensors further enable the quantification of absolution calcium concentration with ratiometric or photochromic imaging. Compared to GCaMPs, NEMOs could detect single action potentials in neurons with a peak SBR two times higher and a median peak SBR four times larger in vivo, thereby outperforming most existing state-of-the-art GECIs. Given their high sensitivity and resolution to report intracellular Ca2+ signals, NEMO sensors may find broad applications in monitoring neuronal activities and other Ca2+-modulated physiological processes in both mammals and plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.504677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineering of NEMO as calcium indicators with ultra-high dynamics and sensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.505036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Downregulated NPAS4 in multiple brain regions is associated with Major Depressive Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.23.505036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a commonly observed psychiatric disorder that affects more than 2% of the world population with a rising trend. However, disease-associated pathways and biomarkers are yet to be fully comprehended. In this study, we analyzed previously generated RNA-seq data across seven different brain regions from three distinct studies to identify differentially and co-expressed genes for patients with MDD. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed that NPAS4 is the only gene downregulated in three different brain regions. Furthermore, co-expressing gene modules responsible for glutamatergic signaling are negatively enriched in these regions. We used the results of both DGE and co-expression analyses to construct a novel MDD-associated pathway. In our model, we propose that disruption in glutamatergic signaling-related pathways might be associated with the downregulation of NPAS4 and many other immediate-early genes (IEGs) that control synaptic plasticity. In addition to DGE analysis, we identified the relative importance of KEGG pathways in discriminating MDD phenotype using a machine learning-based approach. We anticipate that our study will open doors to developing better therapeutic approaches targeting glutamatergic receptors in the treatment of MDD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Selcuk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dereli, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adebali, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.505036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Downregulated NPAS4 in multiple brain regions is associated with Major Depressive Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kinetics-based Inference of Environment-Dependent Microbial Interactions and Their Dynamic Variation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities in nature are dynamically evolving as member species change their interactions subject to environmental variations. Accounting for such context-dependent dynamic variations in interspecies interactions is critical for predictive ecological modeling. In the absence of generalizable theoretical foundations, we lack a fundamental understanding of how microbial interactions are driven by environmental factors, significantly limiting our capability to predict and engineer community dynamics and function. To address this issue, we propose a novel theoretical framework that allows us to represent interspecies interactions as an explicit function of environmental variables (such as substrate concentrations) by combining growth kinetics and a generalized Lotka-Volterra model. A synergistic integration of these two complementary models leads to the prediction of alterations in interspecies interactions as the outcome of dynamic balances between positive and negative influences of microbial species in mixed relationships. This unique capability of our approach was experimentally demonstrated using a synthetic consortium of two Escherichia coli mutants that are metabolically dependent (due to an inability to synthesize essential amino acids), but competitively growing on a shared substrate. The analysis of the E. coli binary consortium using our model not only showed how interactions between the two amino acid auxotrophic mutants are controlled by the dynamic shifts in limiting substrates, but also enabled quantifying previously uncharacterizable complex aspects of microbial interactions such as asymmetry in interactions. Our approach can be extended to other ecological systems to model their environment-dependent interspecies interactions from growth kinetics.

IMPORTANCEModeling of environment-controlled interspecies interactions through separate identification of positive and negative influences of microbes in mixed relationships is a new capability that can significantly improve our ability to understand, predict, and engineer complex dynamics of microbial communities. Moreover, robust prediction of microbial interactions as a function of environmental variables can serve as valuable benchmark data to validate modeling and network inference tools in microbial ecology, the development of which has often been impeded due to the lack of ground truth information on interactions. While demonstrated against microbial data, the theory developed in this work is readily applicable to general community ecology to predict interactions among microorganisms such as plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessell, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.27.505268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kinetics-based Inference of Environment-Dependent Microbial Interactions and Their Dynamic Variation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505287v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A computational framework linking synaptic adaptation to circuit behaviors in the early visual system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.27.505287v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Retina ribbon synapses are the first synapses in the visual system. Unlike the conventional synapses in the central nervous system triggered by action potentials, ribbon synapses are uniquely driven by graded membrane potentials and are thought to transfer early sensory information faithfully. However, how ribbon synapses compress the visual signals and contribute to visual adaptation in retina circuits is less understood. To this end, we introduce a physiologically constrained module for the ribbon synapse, termed Ribbon Adaptive Block (RAB), and an extended "hierarchical Linear-Nonlinear-Synapse" (hLNS) framework for the retina circuit. Our models can elegantly reproduce a wide range of experimental recordings on synaptic and circuit-level adaptive behaviors across different cell types and species. In particular, it shows strong robustness to unseen stimulus protocols. Intriguingly, when using the hLNS framework to fit intra-cellular recordings from the retina circuit under stimuli similar to natural conditions, we revealed rich and diverse adaptive time constants of ribbon synapses. Furthermore, we predicted a frequency-sensitive gain-control strategy for the synapse between the photoreceptor and the CX bipolar cell, which differ from the classic contrast-based strategy in retina circuits. Overall, our framework provides a powerful analytical tool for exploring synaptic adaptation mechanisms in early sensory coding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.27.505287</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A computational framework linking synaptic adaptation to circuit behaviors in the early visual system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.28.505627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local Field Potentials, Spiking Activity, and Receptive Fields in Human Visual Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.28.505627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The concept of receptive field (RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals, while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex (V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from low-frequency activity (LFA, 0.5 - 30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity (LGA, 30 - 60 Hz) and high-gamma activity (HGA, 60 - 150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.28.505627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local Field Potentials, Spiking Activity, and Receptive Fields in Human Visual Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Uni-Fold Symmetry: Harnessing Symmetry in Folding Large Protein Complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.30.505833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deep folding models have revolutionized the conventional methods of protein complex prediction. However, applying them to large protein oligomers is not easy. These models generally require copying the sequences of identical subunits to capture the in-between relationships. Accordingly, the scales of target protein complexes are strictly limited due to the cubic complexity of these models. To address this issue, we propose UF-Symmetry (Uni-Fold Symmetry), which is extricated from the need of sequence copying via harnessing the intrinsic symmetry of large protein oligomers. Taking the sequences of the asymmetric unit (AU) and a pre-specified symmetry group, UF-Symmetry learns to fold the AU and to assemble the complex structure in an end-to-end manner. By reducing the input scales from entire assemblies to AUs, UF-Symmetry allows to predict much larger assemblies with significant acceleration: for a complex of 4-fold cyclic symmetry (C4) and AU size of 512, UF-Symmetry achieves approximately 20 times acceleration to current methods. On a benchmark of recently released PDB multimers, UF-Symmetry approximately halves the failure rate of current methods and achieves approaching accuracy on commonly successful cases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.30.505833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Uni-Fold Symmetry: Harnessing Symmetry in Folding Large Protein Complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506102v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biologic that disrupts PDE11A4 homodimerization in hippocampus CA1 reverses age-related proteinopathies in PDE11A4 and cognitive decline of social memories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.31.506102v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Age-related proteinopathies in phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A), an enzyme that degrades 3,5-cAMP/cGMP and is enriched in the ventral hippocampal formation (VHIPP), drive age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) of social memories. In the VHIPP, age-related increases in PDE11A4 occur specifically within the membrane compartment and ectopically accumulate in filamentous structures termed ghost axons. Previous in vitro studies show that disrupting PDE11 homodimerization by expressing an isolated PDE11A-GAFB domain, which acts as a "negative sink" for monomers, selectively degrades membrane-associated PDE11A4 and prevents the punctate accumulation of PDE11A4. Therefore, we determined if disrupting PDE11A4 homodimerization in vivo via the expression of an isolated PDE11A4-GAFB domain would be sufficient to reverse 1) age-related accumulations of PDE11A4 in VHIPP ghost axons and 2) ARCD of social memories. Indeed, in vivo lentiviral expression of the isolated PDE11A4-GAFB domain in hippocampal CA1 reversed the age-related accumulation of PDE11A4 in ghost axons, reversed ACRD of social transmission of food preference memory (STFP), and improved remote long-term memory for social odor recognition (SOR) without affecting memory for non-social odor recognition. In vitro studies suggest that disrupting homodimerization of PDE11A4 does not directly alter the catalytic activity of the enzyme but may reverse age-related decreases in cGMP by dispersing the accumulation of the enzyme independently of other intramolecular mechanisms previously established to disperse PDE11A4 (e.g., phosphorylation of PDE11A4 at serine 162). Altogether, these data suggest that a biologic designed to disrupt PDE11A4 homodimerization may serve to ameliorate age-related deficits in hippocampal cyclic nucleotide signaling and subsequent ARCD of remote social memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pilarzyk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capell, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rips-Goodwin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porcher, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.08.31.506102</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biologic that disrupts PDE11A4 homodimerization in hippocampus CA1 reverses age-related proteinopathies in PDE11A4 and cognitive decline of social memories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506156v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociated amplitude and phase effects of alpha oscillation in a nested structure of rhythm- and sequence-based temporal expectation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506156v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain can utilize various information to form temporal expectation and optimize perceptual performance. Here we show dissociated amplitude and phase effects of pre-stimulus alpha oscillation in a nested structure of rhythm- and sequence-based expectation. A visual stream of rhythmic stimuli was presented in a fixed sequence such that their temporal positions could be predicted by either the low-frequency rhythm, the sequence, or the combination. The behavioral modelling indicated that rhythmic and sequence information additively led to increased accumulation of sensory evidence and alleviated threshold for the perceptual discrimination of the expected stimulus. The electroencephalographical (EEG) results showed that the alpha amplitude was dominated by rhythmic information, with the amplitude fluctuating in the same frequency of the oscillation entrained by the rhythmic information (i.e., phase-amplitude coupling). The alpha phase, however, was affected by both rhythmic and sequence information. Importantly, rhythm-based expectation improved the perceptual performance by decreasing the alpha amplitude, whereas sequence-based expectation did not further decrease the amplitude on top of rhythm-based expectation. Moreover, rhythm-based and sequence-based expectation collaboratively improved the perceptual performance by biasing the alpha oscillation toward the optimal phase. Our findings suggested flexible coordination of multiscale brain oscillations in dealing with a complex environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506156</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociated amplitude and phase effects of alpha oscillation in a nested structure of rhythm- and sequence-based temporal expectation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reactivation-induced memory integration prevents proactive interference in perceptual learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.01.506161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We acquire perceptual skills through experience to adapt ourself to the changing environment. Accomplishing an effective skill acquisition is a main purpose of perceptual learning research. Given the often observed learning effect specificity, multiple perceptual learnings with shared parameters could serve to improve the generalization of the learning effect. However, the interference between the overlapping memory traces of different learnings may impede this effort. Here, we trained human participants on an orientation discrimination task. We observed a proactive interference effect that the first training blocked the second training at its untrained location. This was a more pronounced effect than the well-known location specificity in perceptual learning. We introduced a short reactivation of the first training before the second training and successfully eliminated the proactive interference when the second training was inside the reconsolidation time window of the reactivated first training. Interestingly, we found that practicing an irrelevant task at the location of the second training immediately after the reactivation of the first training could also restore the effect of the second training but in a smaller magnitude, even if the second training was conducted outside of the reconsolidation window. We proposed a two-level mechanism of reactivation-induced memory integration to account for these results. The reactivation-based procedure could integrate either the previously trained and untrained locations or the two trainings at these locations, depending on the activated representations during the reconsolidation process. The findings provide us with new insight into the roles of long-term memory mechanisms in perceptual learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.01.506161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reactivation-induced memory integration prevents proactive interference in perceptual learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.03.506470v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimization and deoptimization of codons in SARS-CoV-2 and the implications for vaccine development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.03.506470v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has progressed into a global pandemic. To date, thousands of genetic variants have been identified across SARS-CoV-2 isolates from patients. Sequence analysis reveals that the codon usage of viral sequences decreased over time but fluctuated from time to time. In this study, through evolution modeling, we found that this phenomenon might result from the virus preference for mutations during transmission. Using dual luciferase assays, we further discovered that the deoptimization of codons on viruses might weaken protein expression during the virus evolution, indicating that the choice of codon usage might play important role in virus fitness. Finally, given the importance of codon usage in protein expression and particularly for mRNA vaccine, we designed several omicron BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 spike mRNA vaccine candidates based on codon optimization, and experimentally validated their high levels of expression. Our study highlights the importance of codon usage in virus evolution and mRNA vaccine development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.03.506470</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimization and deoptimization of codons in SARS-CoV-2 and the implications for vaccine development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Initial niche condition determines the aging speed and regenerative activity of quiescent cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.06.506737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quiescent cell ages with decline in both the survivability and regenerative activity. While most cellular quiescence/ageing research have focused on the survivability and from the population level, the question how the regenerative activity change with the quiescence time (i.e., chronological age) has rarely been addressed quantitatively. In this work, we systematically measured both features in ageing quiescent fission yeast cells at single cell level. We found that the regenerative activity declines linearly before survivability decline and the cellular chronological ageing speed is predetermined by the initial niche condition. Moreover, this linear ageing behavior is robust under various niche conditions and follows a common ageing trajectory in terms of gene expression. Furthermore, initial calorie restriction was found to improve not only the survivability but also the later regenerative activity. Our results reveal a continuous diverse spectrum of quiescence depth and ageing plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.06.506737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Initial niche condition determines the aging speed and regenerative activity of quiescent cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcium binding and permeation in TRPV channels: insights from molecular dynamics simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.07.506889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some calcium channels selectively permeate Ca2+, despite the high concentration of monovalent ions in the surrounding environment, which is essential for many physiological processes. Without atomistic and dynamical ion permeation details, the underlying mechanism of Ca2+ selectivity has long been an intensively studied, yet controversial, topic. This study takes advantage of the homologous Ca2+-selective TRPV6 and non-selective TRPV1 and utilizes the recently solved open-state structures and a newly developed multi-site calcium model to investigate the ion binding and permeation features in TRPV channels by molecular dynamics simulations. Our results revealed that the open-state TRPV6 and TRPV1 show distinct ion-binding patterns in the selectivity filter, which lead to different ion permeation features. Two Ca2+ ions simultaneously bind to the selectivity filter of TRPV6 compared with only one Ca2+ in case of TRPV1. Multiple Ca2+ binding at the selectivity filter of TRPV6 permeated in a concerted manner, which could efficiently block the permeation of Na+. Cations of various valences differentiate between the binding sites at the entrance of the selectivity filter in TRPV6. Ca2+ preferentially binds to the central site with a higher probability of permeation, repelling Na+ to a peripheral site. Therefore, we believe that ion binding competition at the selectivity filter of calcium channels, including the binding strength and number of binding sites, determines Ca2+ selectivity under physiological conditions. Additionally, our results showed that pore helix flexibility and the cytosolic domain of TRPV channels regulate ion permeability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcium binding and permeation in TRPV channels: insights from molecular dynamics simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput TCRB enrichment sequencing of human cord blood exhibited a distinct fetal T cell repertoire in the third trimester of pregnancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Study questionWhat are the molecular characteristics during the maturation process of the human fetal immune system in the third trimester of pregnancy?

Summary answerBoth the diversity and length of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3s) in the fetal TCRB repertoire were less than those of adult CDR3s, and the fetal CDR3 length increased with gestation weeks in late pregnancy.

What is known alreadyThe adaptive immune system recognizes various pathogens based on a large repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR repertoire), but the maturation dynamics of the fetal TCR repertoire in the third trimester are largely unknown. The CDR3is the most diversified segment in the T-cell receptor {beta} chain (TCRB) that binds and recognizes the antigen.

Study design, size, and durationThis was a basic research to assess the composing characteristics of TCRBs in core blood and the dynamic pattern with fetal development in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Participants/materials, setting methodsHigh-throughput TCRB-enrichment sequencing was utilized to characterize the TCRB repertoire of cord blood at 24~38 weeks of gestational age (WGA) with nonpreterm fetuses and to investigate their difference compared with that of adult peripheral blood.

Main results and the role of chanceCompared to the adult control, the fetal TCRB repertoire had a 4.8-fold lower number of unique CDR3s, a comparable Shannon diversity index (p=0.7387), a lower mean top clone rate (p < 0.001) and a constrictive top 1000 unique clone rates. Although all kinds of TCRBV and TCRBJ genes present in adult CDR3s were identified in fetuses, nearly half of these fragments showed a significant difference in usage. Moreover, the fetal TCRB repertoire held a shorter CDR3 length, and the CDR3 length showed a progressive increase with fetal development. Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergences of TCRBV and TCRBJ gene usage in dizygotic twins were much lower than those in unrelated pairs. In the parental-fetal pair, JS divergence of TCRBV gene usage was not obviously different, while that of TCRBJ gene usage was only slightly lower.

Limitations, reasons for cautionThe sample size is limited due to the limited accessibility to cord blood in late pregnancy with healthy nonpreterm fetuses.

Wider implications of the findingsOur findings reveal the unique properties of fetal TCRB repertoires in the third trimester, fill the gap in our understanding of the maturation process of prenatal fatal immunity, and deepen our understanding of the immunologically relevant problems in neonates.

Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171661) and Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Special Funds for Enterprise Development (NO. 14ZXLJSY00320). The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.506871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput TCRB enrichment sequencing of human cord blood exhibited a distinct fetal T cell repertoire in the third trimester of pregnancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the Metaphyseal Skeletal Stem Cell 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.506930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identification of novel regional skeletal stem cells (SSCs) will provide a new cellular paradigm for bone physiology and dysfunction. Several populations of SSCs have been identified at distinct skeletal sites. However, a bona fide SSC population has not yet been formally characterized in the bone marrow. Here, we identify a metaphyseal SSCs (mpSSCs) population whose transcriptional landscape is distinct from other bone mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs) in the bone marrow. These mpSSCs emerge at the postnatal stage and reside just underneath the growth plate, consistent with the fact that these mpSSCs are exclusively derived from hypertrophic chondrocytes (HCs). These mpSSCs possess SSC properties such as self-renewal and multipotency in vitro and in vivo, stand at the top of the HC de-differentiation path, and produce most HC progeny. Genetic block of the conversion from HCs to mpSSCs significantly compromises trabecular bone formation and bone regeneration. Thus, metaphysis houses a unique HC-derived SSC population, which is a major source of osteoblasts and bMSCs supporting postnatal trabecular bone formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.506930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the Metaphyseal Skeletal Stem Cell]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507071v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting microbial community compositions in wastewater treatment plants using artificial neural networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507071v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activated sludge (AS) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is one of the worlds largest artificial microbial ecosystems and the microbial community of the AS system is closely related to WWTP performance. However, how to predict its community structure is still unclear. Here, we used artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the microbial compositions of AS systems collected from WWTPs located worldwide. We demonstrated that the microbial compositions of AS systems are predictable using our approach. The predictive accuracy R21:1 of Shannon-Wiener index reached 60.42%, and the average R21:1 of ASVs appearing in at least 10% of samples (ASVs>10%) and core taxa were 35.09% and 42.99%, respectively. We also found that the predictability of ASVs>10% was significantly positively correlated with their relative abundance and occurrence frequency, but significantly negatively correlated with potential migration rate. The typical functional groups such as nitrifiers, denitrifiers, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), and filamentous organisms in AS systems could also be well recovered using an ANN model, with the R21:1 ranging from 32.62% to 56.81%. Furthermore, we found that industry wastewater source (IndConInf) had good predictive abilities, although its correlation with ASVs>10% in the Mantel test analysis was weak, which suggested important factors that cannot be identified using traditional methods may be highlight by the ANN model. Our results provide a better understanding of the factors affecting AS communities through the prediction of the microbial community of AS systems, which could lead to insights for improved operating parameters and control of community structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507071</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting microbial community compositions in wastewater treatment plants using artificial neural networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507090v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extraction and characterization of cellulose from invasive weeds from central Nepal: A potential prospect of environmental management. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.08.507090v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellulose is made up of long chains of polysaccharide of glucose molecules. Microfibrils are formed when numerous hydrogen-bonded cellulose chains unite, they are extremely stiff and contribute to physical stability, due to this general ability of forming these microfibrils to form long chains, cellulose is an ideal molecule for the manufacturing of packaging materials and bioplastics. On the other hand, Invasive plant species are one of the major constituents for environmental degradation and its application seems outmost. The main purpose of this study is to extract and identify the composition of cellulose fiber and characterize the fiber of invasive plant species that could be used as a replacement for plastics and textiles in some cases. In this study, Cellulose was isolated from 6 invasive species collected in Nepals Ramechhap district using various techniques, the composition of the fiber was identified using AOAC method 973.18, ASTM method D1106-96 and ASTM method E1755-01 and characterized using FTIR spectroscopy with weight analyses. Acid hydrolysis, chlorination, alkaline extraction, and bleaching were among the chemical methods adopted. In all of the samples, there were two primary absorbance peaks. The first occurred at low wavelengths in the 700-1,800 cm-1 range, while the second occurred at higher wavelengths in the 2,700-3,500 cm-1 range.The percentage of lignin within the final sample was determined in the range of 4.4-3.1% and the percentage yield of cellulose was determined within the range of 78-62%.The study shows that the cellulose can be extracted from the taken invasive plant species and can be used for further applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dhakal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.08.507090</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extraction and characterization of cellulose from invasive weeds from central Nepal: A potential prospect of environmental management.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507238v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by folate transporter SLC19A1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.09.507238v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Folate (vitamin B9) is the coenzyme involved in one-carbon transfer biochemical reactions essential for cell survival and proliferation, with its inadequacy causing developmental defects or severe diseases. Notably, mammalian cells lack the ability to de novo synthesize folate but instead rely on its intake from extracellular sources via specific transporters or receptors, among which SLC19A1 is the ubiquitously expressed one in tissues. However, the mechanism of substrate recognition by SLC19A1 has been unclear. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of human SLC19A1 and its complex with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate at 3.5-3.6 [A] resolution and elucidate the critical residues for substrate recognition. In particular, we reveal that two variant residues among SLC19 subfamily members would designate the specificity for folate. Moreover, we identify intracellular thiamine pyrophosphate as the favorite coupled substrate for folate transport by SLC19A1. Together, this work has established the molecular basis of substrate recognition by this central folate transporter.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.09.507238</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanism of substrate recognition by folate transporter SLC19A1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae (6-4) photolyase with DNA binding region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.10.507404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Photolyases (PLs) reverse UV-induced DNA damage using blue light as an energy source. Of these photolyases, (6-4) PLs repair (6-4)-lesioned photoproducts. We recently identified a gene from Vibrio cholerae (Vc) encoding a (6-4) PL, but structural characterization is needed to elucidate specific interactions with the chromophore cofactors. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Vc(6-4) PL at 2.5 [A] resolution. Our high-resolution structure revealed that the two well-known cofactors, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the photoantenna 6,7-dimethyl 8-ribityl-lumazin (DMRL), stably interact with an -helical and an /{beta} domain, respectively. Additionally, the structure has a third cofactor with distinct electron clouds corresponding to a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Moreover, we identified that Asp106 makes a hydrogen bond with the water and DMRL, which indicates further stabilization of the photoantenna DMRL within Vc(6-4) PL. Further analysis of the Vc(6-4) PL structure revealed a possible region responsible for DNA binding. The region located between residues 478-484 may bind the lesioned DNA, with Arg483 potentially forming a salt bridge with DNA to stabilize further the interaction of Vc(6-4) PL with its substrate. Our comparative analysis revealed that the DNA lesion could not bind to the Vc(6-4) PL in a similar fashion to the Drosophila melanogaster Dm(6-4) PL without a significant conformational change of the protein. The 23rd helix of the bacterial (6-4) PLs seems to have remarkable plasticity, and conformational changes facilitate DNA binding. In conclusion, our structure provides further insight into DNA repair by a (6-4) PL containing three cofactors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cakilkaya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.10.507404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae (6-4) photolyase with DNA binding region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Siderophore-mediated iron partition promotes dynamical coexistence between cooperators and cheaters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.13.507871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes shape their habitats through consuming resources, as well as actively producing and secreting diverse chemicals. These chemicals serve various niche-construction functions and can be considered "public good" for the community. Most microorganisms, for instance, release small molecules known as siderophores to scavenge irons from the extracellular environment. Despite being exploitable by cheaters, biosynthetic genes producing such molecules widely exist in nature, invoking active investigation on the possible mechanisms for producers to survive cheater invasion. In this work, we utilized the chemostat-typed model to demonstrate that the division of the iron by private and public siderophores can promote stable or dynamical coexistence between the cheater and "partial cooperators", an adaptive strategy with the production of both public and private siderophores. Further, our analysis revealed that when microbes not only consume but also produce resources, this type of "resource partition model" exhibit different stability criteria than that of the classical consumer resource model, allowing more complex systems dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.13.507871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Siderophore-mediated iron partition promotes dynamical coexistence between cooperators and cheaters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancient DNA Reveals China as a Historical Genetic Melting Pot in Tiger Evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.507899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contrast between the tigers (Panthera tigris) 2-3 My age and extant tigers coalescence approximately 110,000 years ago suggests an ancient demographic bottleneck. Here we collected over 60 extinct specimens across mainland Asia and generated whole genome sequences from a 10,600-year-old Russian Far East (RFE) specimen (RUSA21, 8{xi} coverage), 14 South China tigers (0.1-12{xi}), three Caspian tigers (4-8{xi}), plus 17 new mitogenomes. RUSA21 clustered within modern Northeast Asian phylogroups and partially derived from an extinct Late Pleistocene lineage. While some 8,000-10,000-year-old RFE mitogenomes are basal to all tigers, one 2,000-year-old specimen resembles present Amur tigers. The Caspian tiger likely dispersed from an ancestral Northeast Asian population and experienced gene flow from southern Bengal tigers. Lastly, genome-wide monophyly supported the South China tiger as a distinct subspecies, albeit with mitochondrial paraphyly, hence resolving its longstanding taxonomic controversy. The distribution of mitochondrial haplogroups corroborated by biogeographical modeling suggested Southwest China was a Late Pleistocene refugium for a relic basal lineage. As suitable habitat returned, Eastern China became a genetic melting pot to foster divergent lineages to merge into South China tigers and other subsequent northern subspecies to develop. Genomic information retrieved from ancient tigers hence sheds light on the species full evolutionary history leading to nine modern subspecies and resolves the natural history of surviving tigers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiunov, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gimranov, D. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Driscoll, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velasco, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uphyrkina, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, M. T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Brien, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.507899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancient DNA Reveals China as a Historical Genetic Melting Pot in Tiger Evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.508027v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Advanced Feedback Enhances Sensorimotor Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.14.508027v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is widely recognized that sensorimotor learning is enhanced when the feedback is provided throughout the movement compared to when it is provided at the end of the movement. However, the source of this advantage is unclear: Continuous feedback is more ecological, dynamic, and available earlier than endpoint feedback. Here we assess the relative merits of these factors using a method that allows us to manipulate feedback timing independent of actual hand position. By manipulating the onset time of  endpoint feedback, we found that adaptation was modulated in a non-monotonic manner, with the peak of the function occurring in advance of the hand reaching the target. Moreover, at this optimal time, learning was of similar magnitude as that observed with continuous feedback. By varying movement duration, we demonstrate that this optimal time occurs at a relatively fixed time after movement onset, an interval we hypothesize corresponds to when the comparison of the sensory prediction and feedback generates the strongest error signal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avraham, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thummala, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.14.508027</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Advanced Feedback Enhances Sensorimotor Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507774v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An R-R-type MYB transcription factor promotes nonclimacteric pepper fruit ripening pigmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507774v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carotenoids act as phytohormones and volatile compound precursors that influence plant development and confer characteristic colours, affecting both the aesthetic and nutritional value of fruits. Carotenoid pigmentation in ripening fruits is highly dependent on developmental trajectories. Transcription factors incorporate developmental and phytohormone signalling to regulate the biosynthesis process. In contrast to the well-established pathways regulating ripening-related carotenoid biosynthesis in climacteric fruit, carotenoid regulation in nonclimacteric fruit is poorly understood. Capsanthin is the primary carotenoid of nonclimacteric pepper (Capsicum) fruit; its biosynthesis is tightly associated with fruit ripening, and it confers red pigment to the ripening fruit. In this study, using a weighted gene coexpression network and expression analysis, we identified an R-R-type MYB transcription factor, DIVARICATA1, and demonstrated that it is tightly associated with the levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (CBGs) and capsanthin accumulation. DIVARICATA1 encodes a nucleus-localized protein that functions primarily as a transcriptional activator. Functional analyses demonstrated that DIVARICATA1 positively regulates CBG transcript levels and capsanthin contents by directly binding to and activating the CBG promoter transcription. Furthermore, the association analysis revealed a significant positive association between DIVARICATA1 transcription level and capsanthin content. Abscisic acid (ABA) promotes capsanthin biosynthesis in a DIVARICATA1-dependent manner. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of DIVARICATA1 in pepper and its orthologue in a climacteric fruit, tomato, suggests that its function might be subject to divergent evolution among the two species. This study illustrates the transcriptional regulation of capsanthin biosynthesis and offers a novel target for breeding peppers with high red colour intensity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ning, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.507774</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An R-R-type MYB transcription factor promotes nonclimacteric pepper fruit ripening pigmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces converging Omicron RBD evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.15.507787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to a rapid and simultaneous emergence of numerous variants that display growth advantages over BA. 5. Despite their divergent evolutionary courses, mutations on their receptor-binding domain (RBD) converge on several hotspots. The driving force and destination of such convergent evolution and its impact on humoral immunity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that these convergent mutations can cause striking evasion of neutralizing antibody (NAb) drugs and convalescent plasma, including those from BA.5 breakthrough infection, while maintaining sufficient ACE2 binding capability. BQ.1.1.10, BA.4.6.3, XBB, and CH. 1.1 are the most antibody-evasive strain tested, even exceeding SARS-CoV-1 level. To delineate the origin of the convergent evolution, we determined the escape mutation profiles and neutralization activity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) isolated from BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough-infection convalescents. Importantly, due to humoral immune imprinting, BA.2 and especially BA.5 breakthrough infection caused significant reductions in the epitope diversity of NAbs and increased proportion of non-neutralizing mAbs, which in turn concentrated humoral immune pressure and promoted convergent evolution. Moreover, we showed that the convergent RBD mutations could be accurately inferred by integrated deep mutational scanning (DMS) profiles, and the evolution trends of BA.2.75/BA.5 subvariants could be well-simulated through constructed convergent pseudovirus mutants. Together, our results suggest current herd immunity and BA.5 vaccine boosters may not provide good protection against infection. Broad-spectrum SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and NAb drugs development should be highly prioritized, and the constructed mutants could help to examine their effectiveness in advance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.15.507787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces converging Omicron RBD evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508233v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nutrient addition increases grassland resistance during dry and wet climate extremes despite functional diversity loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.16.508233v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LINutrient enrichment impacts grassland plant diversity such as species richness, functional trait composition and diversity, but whether and how these changes affect ecosystem stability in the face of increasing climate extremes remains largely unknown.
C_LIO_LIWe quantified the direct and diversity-mediated effects of nutrient addition (by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) on the stability of aboveground biomass production in 10 long-term grassland experimental sites. We measured five facets of stability as the temporal invariability, resistance during and recovery after extreme dry and wet growing seasons.
C_LIO_LILeaf traits (leaf carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and specific leaf area) were measured under ambient and nutrient addition conditions in the field and were used to construct the leaf economic spectrum (LES). We calculated functional trait composition and diversity of LES and of single leaf traits. We quantified the contribution of intraspecific trait shifts and species replacement to change in functional trait composition as responses to nutrient addition and its implications for ecosystem stability.
C_LIO_LINutrient addition decreased functional trait diversity and drove grassland communities to the faster end of the LES primarily through intraspecific trait shifts, suggesting that intraspecific trait shifts should be included for accurately predicting ecosystem stability. Moreover, the change in functional trait diversity of the LES in turn influenced different facets of stability. That said, these diversity-mediated effects were overall weak and/or overwhelmed by the direct effects of nutrient addition on stability. As a result, nutrient addition did not strongly impact any of the stability facets. These results were generally consistent using individual leaf traits but the dominant pathways differed. Importantly, major influencing pathways differed using average trait values extracted from global trait databases (e.g. TRY).
C_LIO_LISynthesis. Investigating changes in multiple facets of plant diversity and their impacts on multidimensional stability under global changes such as nutrient enrichment can improve our understanding of the processes and mechanisms maintaining ecosystem stability.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seabloom, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isbell, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borer, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharath, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peri, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebeling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nogueira, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldeira, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDougall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jentsch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tedder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirkman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hautier, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508233</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nutrient addition increases grassland resistance during dry and wet climate extremes despite functional diversity loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508695v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Under the shadow: Old-biased genes are subject to weak purifying selection at both the tissue and cell type-specific levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508695v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mutation accumulation theory predicts that aging is caused by accumulation of late-acting deleterious variants in the germ-line, due to weak purifying selection at old age. In accordance with this model, we and others have shown that sequence conservation among old-biased genes (with higher expression in old versus young adults) is weaker than among young-biased genes across a number of mammalian and insect species. However, questions remained regarding the source and generality of this observation. It was especially unclear whether the observed patterns were driven by tissue and cell type composition shifts or by cell-autonomous expression changes during aging. How wide this trend would extend to non-mammalian metazoan aging was also uncertain. Here we analyzed bulk tissue as well as cell type-specific RNA sequencing data from diverse animal taxa across six different datasets from five species. We show that the previously reported age-related decrease in transcriptome conservation (ADICT) is commonly found in aging tissues of non-mammalian species, including non-mammalian vertebrates (chicken brain, killifish liver and skin) and invertebrates (fruit fly brain). Analyzing cell type-specific transcriptomes of adult mice, we further detect the same ADICT trend at the single cell type level. Old-biased genes are less conserved across the majority of cell types analyzed in the lung, brain, liver, muscle, kidney, and skin, and these include both tissue-specific cell types, and also ubiquitous immune cell types. Overall, our results support the notion that aging in metazoan tissues may be at least partly shaped by the mutation accumulation process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yıldız, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izgi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahimova, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altıntas, U. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turan, Z. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508695</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Under the shadow: Old-biased genes are subject to weak purifying selection at both the tissue and cell type-specific levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural correlates of an illusive sense of agency caused by virtual reality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.21.508963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sense of agency (SoA) is the sensation that self-actions lead to ensuing perceptual consequences. The prospective mechanism emphasizes that SoA arises from motor prediction and its comparison with actual action outcomes, while the reconstructive mechanism stresses that SoA emerges from retrospective causal processing about the action outcomes. Consistent with the prospective mechanism, motor planning regions were identified by neuroimaging studies using the temporal binding effect, a behavioral measure often linked to implicit SoA. Yet, temporal binding also occurs during passive observation of anothers action, lending support to the reconstructive mechanism, but its neural correlates remain unexplored. Here, we employed virtual reality (VR) to modulate such observation-based SoA and examined it with functional magnetic resonance imaging. After manipulating an avatar hand in VR, participants passively observed an avatars "action" and showed a significant increase in temporal binding. The binding effect was associated with the right angular gyrus and inferior parietal lobule, which are critical nodes for inferential and agency processing. These results suggest that the experience of controlling an avatar may potentiate inferential processing within the right inferior parietal cortex and give rise to the illusionary sense of agency without voluntary action.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kühn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.21.508963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural correlates of an illusive sense of agency caused by virtual reality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effect of P2X7 Antagonism on Subcortical Spread of Optogenetically-Triggered Cortical Spreading Depression and Neuroinflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by episodes of severe headache. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiological equivalent of migraine aura, results in opening of pannexin-1 megachannels that release ATP and triggers parenchymal neuroinflammatory signaling cascade in the cortex. Migraine symptoms suggesting subcortical dysfunction bring subcortical spread of CSD under the light. Here, we investigated the role of purinergic P2X7 receptors on the subcortical spread of CSD and its consequent neuroinflammation using a potent and selective P2X7 antagonist, JNJ-47965567. P2X7 antagonism had no effect on the CSD threshold and characteristics but increased the latency to hypothalamic voltage deflection following CSD showing that ATP acts as a mediator in the subcortical spread. P2X7 antagonism also prevented hypothalamic neuronal activation following CSD, revealed by bilateral decrease in hypothalamic c-fos positive neuron count. P2X7 antagonism further stopped the CSD-induced neuroinflammation revealed by decreased nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B-p65 in astrocytes and decreased HMGB1 release. Following CSD we observed an increase in neuronal cytoplasmic P2X7R signal in cortex and subcortical structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus) concordant with the neuroinflammation which is also prevented by P2X7R antagonism. In conclusion, our data suggest that P2X7R plays an imperative role in CSD-induced neuroinflammation, subcortical spread of CSD and CSD-induced hypothalamic neuronal activation hence can be a potential target in migraine treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Uzay, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocak, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yemisci, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalkara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effect of P2X7 Antagonism on Subcortical Spread of Optogenetically-Triggered Cortical Spreading Depression and Neuroinflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of potential human pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors from natural products by molecular docking, MM/GBSA calculations, MD simulations, and ADMET analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.509544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human pancreatic -amylase (HPA), which works as a catalyst for carbohydrate hydrolysis, is one of the viable targets to control type 2 diabetes. The inhibition of -amylase lowers blood glucose levels and helps to alleviate hyperglycemia complications. Herein, we systematically screened the potential HPA inhibitors from an in-house library of natural products by molecular modeling. The modeling encompasses molecular docking, MM/GBSA binding energy calculations, MD simulations, and ADMET analysis. This research identified newboulaside B, newboulaside A, quercetin-3-O-{beta}-glucoside, and sasastilboside A as the top four potential HPA inhibitors from the library of natural products, whose Glide docking scores and MM/GBSA binding energies range from -9.191 to -11.366 kcal/mol and -19.38 to -50.29 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the simulation, among them, newboulaside B was found as the best HPA inhibitor. Throughout the simulation, with the deviation of 3[A] (acarbose = 3[A]), it interacted with ASP356, ASP300, ASP197, THR163, ARG161, ASP147, ALA106, and GLN63 via hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the comprehensive ADMET analysis revealed that it has good pharmacokinetic properties having not acutely toxic, moderately bioavailable, and non-inhibitor nature toward cytochrome P450. All the results suggest that newboulaside B might be a promising candidate for drug discovery against type 2 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract O_FIG_DISPLAY_L [Figure 1] M_FIG_DISPLAY C_FIG_DISPLAY
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basnet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghimire, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamichhane, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adhikari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.09.26.509544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of potential human pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors from natural products by molecular docking, MM/GBSA calculations, MD simulations, and ADMET analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510694v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Domain Adaptive Neural Inference for Neurons, Microcircuits and Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.03.510694v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately inferring neural circuit connectivity from in vivo recordings is essential for understanding the computations that support behavior and cognition. However, current deep learning approaches are limited by incomplete observability and the lack of ground-truth labels in real experiments. Consequently, models are often trained on synthetic data, which leads to the well-known "model mismatch" problem when simulated dynamics diverge from true neural activity. To overcome these challenges, we present Deep Domain-Adaptive Matching (DeepDAM), a training framework that adaptively matches synthetic and in vivo data domains for neural connectivity inference. Specifically, DeepDAM fine-tunes deep neural networks on a combined dataset of synthetic simulations and unlabeled in vivo recordings, aligning the models feature representations with real neural dynamics to mitigate model mismatch. We demonstrate this approach in rodent hippocampal CA1 circuits as a proof-of-concept, achieving near-perfect connectivity inference performance (Matthews correlation coefficient [~]0.97-1.0) and substantially surpassing classical methods ([~]0.6-0.7). We further demonstrate robustness across multiple recording conditions within this hippocampal dataset. Additionally, to illustrate its broader applicability, we extend the framework to two distinct systems without altering the core methodology: a stomatogastric microcircuit in Cancer borealis (ex vivo) and single-neuron intracellular recordings in mouse, where DeepDAM significantly improves efficiency and accuracy over standard approaches. By effectively leveraging synthetic data for in vivo and ex vivo analysis, DeepDAM offers a generalizable strategy for overcoming model mismatch and represents a critical step towards data-driven reconstruction of functional neural circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.03.510694</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Domain Adaptive Neural Inference for Neurons, Microcircuits and Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of human phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the resting state 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phagocyte oxidase plays an essential role in the first line of host defense against pathogens. It oxidizes intracellular NADPH to reduce extracellular oxygen to produce superoxide anions for pathogen killing. The resting phagocyte oxidase is a heterodimeric complex formed by two transmembrane proteins NOX2 and p22. Despite the functional importance of this complex, its structure remains elusive. Here we reported the cryo-EM structure of the human NOX2-p22 complex in nanodisc in the resting state. The structure shows that p22 is formed by four transmembrane helices and interacts with NOX2 through its M1 and M4 helices. Hydrophobic residues on M3, M4, and M5 of NOX2 contribute to the complex formation. Structural analysis suggests that the cytosolic factors activate the NOX2-p22 complex by stabilizing the dehydrogenase domain (DH) in a productive docked conformation which is efficient for electron transfer between DH and the transmembrane domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, X.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of human phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the resting state]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear autophagy interactome unveils WSTF as a constitutive nuclear inhibitor of inflammation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) degrades a variety of cellular components. A poorly understood area is autophagic degradation of nuclear substrates, or "nuclear autophagy". It remains unclear what can be degraded by autophagy from the mammalian nuclei. We began our study by investigating the nuclear binding partners of ATG8 family proteins that play important roles in recognizing autophagy substrates. We systematically evaluated the ATG8 nuclear interactome in primary human cells and in mouse brain, identifying hundreds of novel interactions. We continued our study by evaluating the nuclear proteomes of cellular senescence, a stable form of cell cycle arrest program associated with inflammation, in which nuclear autophagy is involved. Combined with the ATG8 nuclear interactome data, we identified WSTF, a component of the ISWI chromatin remodeling complex, as a novel substrate of nuclear autophagy. The degradation of WSTF, mediated by a direct interaction with the GABARAP isoform of ATG8, promotes chromatin accessibility of inflammatory genes and induces senescence-associated inflammation. Furthermore, WSTF directly binds the p65 subunit of NF-{kappa}B and inhibits its acetylation, thus blocking inflammatory gene expression in the setting of senescence, cancer, and pathogen infection. In addition, we show that loss of WSTF is required for the immuno-surveillance of oncogenic Ras in mouse liver; forced expression of WSTF inhibited tumor-suppressive inflammation and led to the development of liver tumors. Taken together, our study provides a global view of mammalian nuclear autophagy and reveals a novel nuclear inhibitor of inflammation implicated in diverse pathological contexts. Targeting WSTF may be broadly valuable as therapeutic intervention of inflammatory diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eapen, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kournoutis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onorati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetinbas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bretz, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho Sui, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saladi, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadreyev, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kingston, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johansen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear autophagy interactome unveils WSTF as a constitutive nuclear inhibitor of inflammation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A hybrid reconstruction of the physical model with the deep-learning that improves structured illumination microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.04.510914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In handling raw images with low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios, conventional algorithms of structured illumination microscopy are prone to artifacts, while deep-learning-based (DL) algorithms may lead to degradation and hallucinations. We propose a hybrid that combines the physical inversion model with a Total Deep Variation regularization. In super-resolving from low SNR images such as actin filaments, our method outperforms conventional or DL methods in suppressing artifacts and hallucinations while maintaining resolutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.04.510914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A hybrid reconstruction of the physical model with the deep-learning that improves structured illumination microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Triangulation reduces the polygon of error for the history of Transeurasian 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.510045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a recent study we used an interdisciplinary approach combining linguistics, archaeology and genetics to analyse the Transeurasian languages1. Our analysis concluded that the early dispersals of these languages were driven by agriculture. A preprint published on this server presents objections to the Transeurasian hypothesis and its association with farming dispersals2. However, close inspection of that text reveals numerous misinterpretations and inconsistencies. In the interest of furthering scientific debate over Transeurasian language and population history, we address the critiques, revising datasets and fine-tuning approaches. The linguistic critique questions the quantity and quality of our datasets. Here we show that the number of surviving cognate sets for Transeurasian is in line with that for well-established language families. In addition, we find that Tian et al.s failure to reject a core of regularly corresponding cognates in the basic vocabulary creates ground for a consensus about the genealogical relatability of the Transeurasian languages. The archaeological critique attempts a re-analysis of one Bayesian test using re-scored data only for northern China. Over half of the suggested re-scorings contain inconsistencies and it is not explained why the re-analysis retains the original data for sites outside northern China, comprising almost 60% of the total. More importantly, the sweeping claim that there is no evidence supporting the prehistoric migrations analysed in our study is not backed by any discussion of the archaeological record. With respect to genetics, the preprint claims a re-analysis showing that the data  do not conclusively support the farming-driven dispersal of Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, nor the two-wave spread of farming to Korea. In fact, the only genetic re-analysis presented is limited to samples from Korea and Japan and does not contradict our original conservative modelling of Neolithic individuals with Hongshan and our Bronze Age ones with Upper Xiajiadian. In sum, in bringing multiple lines of evidence together through triangulation, we gained a more balanced and richer understanding of Transeurasian dispersals than each discipline could provide individually. Our research doubtless leaves room for improvement but we remain confident that triangulation did not  fail, but rather brought us a step closer to understanding the history of the Transeurasian languages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Robbeets, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouckaert, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savelyev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oskolskaya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gruntov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, K.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandes, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shinoda, K.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanzawa-Kiriyama, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bjorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, D.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawashima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolinska, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.510045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Triangulation reduces the polygon of error for the history of Transeurasian]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511006v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GESIAP: A Versatile Genetically Encoded Sensor-based Image Analysis Program 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511006v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intercellular communication mediated by a large number of neuromodulators diversifies physiological actions, yet neuromodulation remains poorly understood despite the recent upsurge of genetically encoded transmitter sensors. Here, we report the development of a versatile genetically encoded sensor-based image analysis program (GESIAP) that utilizes MATLAB-based algorithms to achieve high-throughput, high-resolution processing of sensor-based functional imaging data. GESIAP enables delineation of fundamental properties (e.g., transmitter spatial diffusion extent, quantal size, quantal content, release probability, pool size, and refilling rate at single release sites) of transmission mediated by various transmitters (i.e., monoamines, acetylcholine, neuropeptides, and glutamate) at various cell types (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and other non-neuronal cells) of various animal species (i.e., mouse, rat, and human). Our analysis appraises a dozen of newly developed transmitter sensors, validates a conserved model of restricted non-volume neuromodulatory synaptic transmission, and accentuates a broad spectrum of presynaptic release properties that variegate neuromodulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahoo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glover, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vadodaria, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borden, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorski, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwan, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gage, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venton, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marvin, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clinton, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Looger, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.511006</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GESIAP: A Versatile Genetically Encoded Sensor-based Image Analysis Program]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and biosynthesis of imidazolium antibiotics from a probiotic Bacillus licheniformis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.05.511033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibiotic resistance is one of the worlds most urgent public health problems and therefore novel antibiotics to kill drug-resistant bacteria are desperately needed. So far, natural product-derived small molecules have been the major sources for new antibiotics. Here we describe a family of antibacterial metabolites isolated from a probiotic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. Cross-streaking assay followed by activity-guided isolation yielded a novel antibacterial metabolite bacillimidazole G, which possesses a rare imidazolium ring in the structure, showing MIC values of 0.7-2.6 g/mL against human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-lacking Acinetobacter baumannii {Delta}lpxC. Bacillimidazole G also lowered MICs of colistin, a Gram-negative antibiotic, up to 8-fold against wild-type E. coli MG1655 and Acinetobacter baumannii. We propose biosynthetic pathway of the characterized metabolites based on the precursor-feeding studies, chemical biological approach, biomimetic total synthesis, and biosynthetic genes knockout method.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ham, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.05.511033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and biosynthesis of imidazolium antibiotics from a probiotic Bacillus licheniformis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The conserved upstream ORF of the Arabidopsis ANAC082 gene mediates translational upregulation in response to nucleolar stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.07.511279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis cause a type of cellular stress called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, which triggers adaptive responses in both animal and plant cells. The Arabidopsis ANAC082 transcription factor has been identified as a key mediator of the plant nucleolar stress response. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of ANAC082 mRNA contains an upstream ORF (uORF) encoding an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence. Here, we report that this uORF mediates the upregulation of ANAC082 translation in response to nucleolar stress. When transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the ANAC082 promoter and 5'-UTR were treated with reagents that induced nucleolar stress, translation of the reporter gene was enhanced in a uORF sequence-dependent manner. Additionally, we examined the effect of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing reagent on reporter gene expression because the closest homolog of ANAC082 in Arabidopsis, ANAC103, is involved in the ER stress response. However, the ANAC082 uORF did not respond to ER stress. Interestingly, although ANAC103 has a uORF with an amino acid sequence similar to that of the ANAC082 uORF, the C-terminal sequence critical for regulation is not well conserved among ANAC103 homologs in Brassicaceae. Transient expression assays revealed that unlike the ANAC082 uORF, the ANAC103 uORF does not exert a sequence-dependent regulatory effect. Altogether, our findings suggest that the ANAC082 uORF is important for the nucleolar stress response but not for the ER stress response, and that for this reason, the uORF sequence-dependent translational regulation was lost in ANAC103 during evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sasaki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murakami, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasumuro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makita, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hiragori, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watanabe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohbayash, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugiyama, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashita, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naito, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onouchi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.07.511279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The conserved upstream ORF of the Arabidopsis ANAC082 gene mediates translational upregulation in response to nucleolar stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gαs slow conformational transition upon GTP binding and a novel Gαs regulator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.10.511514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G proteins are major signaling partners for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although stepwise structural changes during GPCR-G protein complex formation and guanosine diphosphate (GDP) release have been reported, no information is available with regard to guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding. Here, we used a novel Bayesian integrative modeling framework that combines data from hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, tryptophan-induced fluorescence quenching, and metadynamics simulations to derive a kinetic model and atomic-level characterization of stepwise conformational changes incurred by the {beta}2-adrenergic receptor ({beta}2AR)-Gs complex after GDP release and GTP binding. Our data suggest rapid GTP binding and GTP-induced dissociation of Gs from {beta}2AR and G{beta}{gamma}, as opposed to a slow closing of the Gs -helical domain (AHD). Yeast-two-hybrid screening using Gs AHD as bait identified melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGE D2) as a novel AHD-binding protein, which was also shown to accelerate the GTP-induced closing of the Gs AHD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provasi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duc, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salas-Estrada, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spasic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Filizola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.10.511514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gαs slow conformational transition upon GTP binding and a novel Gαs regulator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allee effects mediate the impact of land-use change on the thermal niche of social species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.11.511768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Land-use change not only affects habitat availability, it can also reduce population density and limit opportunities for interactions with conspecifics, further influencing species resilience to environmental challenges. For social species whose conspecific interactions are typically cooperative in nature, little is known about how land-use change influences demography and social behavior, and how this interaction impacts a species climatic niche. Here, we develop a spatially explicit, individual-based model to explore how land-use changes influence population size and niche width in social organisms through the Allee effect, the positive impact of higher population density on individual fitness. We then empirically test key model predictions by studying the distribution and cooperative behavior of burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis) along elevational gradients in Taiwan. In support of our model predictions, we find that beetle densities are lower in areas of greater land-use change, making it harder for individuals in these hotter environments to form cooperative groups to compete against blowflies, their primary interspecific competitor. Consequently, the beetles lower distributional boundary is higher in areas with greater land-use change, indicating that the beetles thermal niche is reduced via Allee effects in human-altered landscapes. Ultimately, land-use change not only reduces habitat availability, it also shrinks the thermal niche of social species, making them more vulnerable to climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubenstein, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, I.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, D.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shih, W.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.11.511768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allee effects mediate the impact of land-use change on the thermal niche of social species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid and High Resolution Ambient Temperature Structure Determination at Turkish Light Source 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.12.511637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-resolution biomacromolecular structure determination is essential to better understand protein function and dynamics. Serial crystallography is an emerging structural biology technique which has fundamental limitations due to either sample volume requirements or immediate access to the competitive X-ray beamtime. Obtaining a high volume of well-diffracting, sufficient-size crystals while mitigating radiation damage remains a critical bottleneck of serial crystallography. As an alternative, we introduce the plate-reader module adapted for using a 72-well Terasaki plate for biomacromolecule structure determination at a convenience of a home X-ray source. We also present the first ambient temperature lysozyme structure determined at the Turkish Light Source (Turkish DeLight). The complete dataset was collected in 18.5 mins with resolution extending to 2.39 [A] and 100% completeness. Combined with our previous cryogenic structure (PDB ID: 7Y6A), the ambient temperature structure provides invaluable information about the structural dynamics of the lysozyme. Turkish DeLight provides robust and rapid ambient temperature biomacromolecular structure determination with limited radiation damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepceoglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yapici, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldir, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tokay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nergiz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karakadioglu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paydos, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferah, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atalay, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akcan, E. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetinok, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arslan, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabanoglu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asci, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tavli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altuntas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durdagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaca, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan Turkoz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabasakal, B. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.12.511637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid and High Resolution Ambient Temperature Structure Determination at Turkish Light Source]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.511463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prefrontal norepinephrine represents a threat prediction error under uncertainty 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.13.511463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals must learn to predict varying threats in the environment to survive by enacting defensive behaviors. Dopamine is involved in the prediction of rewards, encoding a reward prediction error in a similar manner to temporal difference learning algorithm. However, the corresponding molecular and computational form of threat prediction errors is not as well-characterized, although norepinephrine and other neuromodulators and neuropeptides participate in fear learning. Here, we utilized fluorescent norepinephrine recordings over the course of fear learning in concert with reinforcement learning modeling to identify its role in the prediction of threat. By varying timing and sensory uncertainty in the formation of threat associations, we were able to define a precise computational role for norepinephrine in this process. Norepinephrine release approximates the strength of fear associations, and its temporal dynamics are compatible with a prediction error signal. Intriguingly, the release of norepinephrine is influenced by time and sensory feedback, serving as an antithesis of the classical reward prediction error role of dopamine. Thus, these results directly demonstrate a combined cognitive and affective role of norepinephrine in the prediction of threat, with implications for neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and PTSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Basu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaeser-Khan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krystal, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaye, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.13.511463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prefrontal norepinephrine represents a threat prediction error under uncertainty]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Baculovirus Surface Display of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase for Monoclonal Antibody Production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.16.512416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The H7N9 influenza virus that emerged in 2013 is a dangerous infectious disease with a high mortality rate of up to 40%. Developing effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect and treat the infection of this virus is therefore critical. In this study, we expressed hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) on the surface of baculovirus (i.e., HA7-Bac and NA9-Bac). Our results showed that both HA or NA proteins displayed on HA7-Bac or NA9-Bac could well maintain their native biological function. Mice antisera derived from the injections of either HA7-Bac- or NA9-Bac exhibited high inhibitory activity in the hemagglutination and neuraminidase assay of H7N9 virus. mAbs generated by immunization with HA7-Bac exhibited high neutralizing activity against H7N9 virus infectivity in cell assays, whereas mAbs generated by immunization with NA9-Bac inhibited neuraminidase activity. These results proved that baculovirus display of HA and NA from H7N9 could be convenient agents to generate neutralizing mAbs against virus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lo, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, J.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.16.512416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Baculovirus Surface Display of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase for Monoclonal Antibody Production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting individualized tissue gene expression profiles with multi-task learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting tissue expression profiles from peripheral  surrogate samples, especially blood transcriptome, has become an effective alternative when invasive procedures are not ideal. However, existing approaches ignore tissue-shared intrinsic relevance, inevitably limiting predictive performance. Here, we propose a unified deep learning-based multi-task learning framework, Multi-tissue Transcriptome Mapping (MTM), enabling the prediction of individualized expression profiles from any available tissue of an individual. By jointly leveraging individualized cross-tissue information through multi-task learning, MTM achieves superior sample-level and gene-level performance. With the high prediction accuracy and the ability to preserve individualized biological variations, MTM could facilitate both fundamental and clinical biomedical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting individualized tissue gene expression profiles with multi-task learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512953v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel Master Regulators of Microglial Phagocytosis and Repurposed FDA-approved Drug for Treatment of Alzheimer Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.19.512953v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are essential determinants of late-onset Alzheimers Disease (LOAD) neuropathology. Here, we developed an integrative computational systems biology approach to construct causal network models of genetic regulatory programs for microglia in Alzheimers Disease (AD). This model enabled us to identify novel key driver (KDs) genes for microglial functions that can be targeted for AD pharmacotherapy. We prioritized FCER1G, HCK, LAPTM5, ITGB2, SLC1A2, PAPLN, GSAP, NTRK2, and CIRBP as KDs of microglial phagocytosis promoting neuroprotection and/or neural repair. In vitro, shRNA knockdown of each KD significantly reduced microglial phagocytosis. We repurposed riluzole, an FDA-approved ALS drug that upregulates SLC1A2 activity, and discovered that it stimulated phagocytosis of A{beta}1-42 in human primary microglia and decreased hippocampal amyloid plaque burden/phosphorylated tau levels in the brain of aged 3xTg-AD mice. Taken together, these data emphasize the utlility of our integrative approach for repurposing drugs for AD therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudalige, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henrion, M. Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaidi, S. S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Branden, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadiz, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hodos-Nkhereanye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moein, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alamprese, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bennett, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jager, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ronaldson, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.19.512953</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel Master Regulators of Microglial Phagocytosis and Repurposed FDA-approved Drug for Treatment of Alzheimer Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chinese fir genome and the evolution of gymnosperms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Seed plants comprise angiosperms and gymnosperms. The latter includes gnetophytes, cycads, Ginkgo, and conifers. Conifers are distributed worldwide, with 630 species distributed across eight families and 70 genera. Their distinctiveness has triggered much debate on their origin, evolution, and phylogenetic placement among seed plants. To better understand the evolution of gymnosperms and their relation to other seed plants, we report here a high-quality genome sequence for a tree species, Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), which has excellent timber quality and high aluminum adaptability and is a member of Cupressaceae with high levels of heterozygosity. We assembled an 11.24 Gb genome with a contig N50 value of 2.15 Mb and anchored the 10.89 Gb sequence to 11 chromosomes. Phylogenomic analyses showed that cycads sister to Ginkgo, which place to sister in all gymnosperm lineages, and Gnetales within conifers sister to Pinaceae. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) analysis showed that the ancestor of seed plants has differentiated into angiosperms and gymnosperms after having experienced a WGD event. The ancestor of extant gymnosperm has experienced a gymnosperm-specific WGD event and the extant angiosperms do not share a common WGD before their most recent common ancestor diverged into existing angiosperms lineages. Analysis of the MADS-box gene family of C. lanceolata revealed the developmental mechanism of the reproductive organs in C. lanceolata, which supported the (A)B(C) model of the development of gymnosperms reproductive organs. In addition, astringent seeds and shedding of whole branches (with withered leaves) might be a strategy of C. lanceolata that evolved during long-term adaptation to an aluminum-rich environment. The findings also reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of shade tolerance in C. lanceolata seedlings. Our results improve the resolution of ancestral genomic features within seed plants and the knowledge of genome evolution and diversification of gymnosperms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, G.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, D.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chinese fir genome and the evolution of gymnosperms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative profiling of pseudouridylation landscape in the human transcriptome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pseudouridine ({Psi}) is an abundant post-transcriptional RNA modification in ncRNA and mRNA. However, transcriptome-wide measurement of individual {Psi} sites remains unaddressed. Here, we develop "PRAISE", via selective chemical labeling of {Psi} by bisulfite to induce nucleotide deletion signature during reverse transcription, to realize quantitative assessment of the {Psi} landscape in the human transcriptome. Unlike traditional RNA/DNA bisulfite treatment, our approach is based on quaternary base mapping and revealed a ~10% median modification level for 2,714 confident {Psi} sites in HEK293T cells. By perturbing pseudouridine synthases, we obtained differential mRNA targets of PUS1, PUS7 and TRUB1, with TRUB1 mRNA targets showing the highest modification stoichiometry. In addition, we identified and quantified known and novel {Psi} sites in mitochondrial mRNA, catalyzed by a mitochondria-localized isoform of PUS1. Collectively, we provide a sensitive and convenient method to measure transcriptome-wide {Psi}; we envision this quantitative approach would facilitate emerging efforts to elucidate the function and mechanism of mRNA pseudouridylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative profiling of pseudouridylation landscape in the human transcriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Importance of Glutamine in Synaptic Vesicles Revealed by Functional Studies of SLC6A17 and Its Mutations Pathogenic for Intellectual Disability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.25.513688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human mutations in the gene encoding the solute carrier (SLC) 6A17 caused intellectual disability (ID). The physiological role of SLC6A17 and pathogenesis of Slc6a17-based-ID were both unclear. Here we report learning deficits in SLC6A17 knockout and point mutants. Biochemistry, proteomics and electron microscopy (EM) support SLC6A17 protein localization in synaptic vesicles (SVs). Chemical analysis of SVs by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed glutamine (Gln) in SVs containing SLC6A17. Virally mediated overexpression of SLC6A17 increased Gln in SVs. Either genetic or virally mediated targeting of SLC6A17 reduced Gln in SVs. One ID mutation caused SLC6A17 mislocalization while the other caused defective Gln transport. Multidisciplinary approaches with 7 types of genetically modified mice have shown Gln as an endogenous substrate of SLC 6A17, uncovered Gln as a new molecule in SVs, established the necessary and sufficient roles of SLC6A17 in Gln transport into SVs, and suggested SV Gln decrease as the key pathogenetic mechanism in human ID.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.25.513688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Importance of Glutamine in Synaptic Vesicles Revealed by Functional Studies of SLC6A17 and Its Mutations Pathogenic for Intellectual Disability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BrainPy: a flexible, integrative, efficient, and extensible framework towards general-purpose brain dynamics programming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neural mechanisms underlying brain functions are extremely complicated. Brain dynamics modeling is an indispensable tool for elucidating these mechanisms by modeling the dynamics of the neural circuits that execute brain functions. To ease and facilitate brain dynamics modeling, a general-purpose programming framework is needed to enable users to freely define neural models across multiple scales; efficiently simulate, train, and analyze model dynamics; and conveniently extend new modeling approaches. By utilizing the advanced just-in-time (JIT) compilation, we developed BrainPy. BrainPy provides a rich infrastructure tailored for brain dynamics programming, which supports an integrated platform for brain dynamics model building, simulation, training, and analysis. Models in BrainPy can be JIT compiled into binary instructions for multiple devices (including CPU, GPU, and TPU) to achieve a high running performance comparable to native C or CUDA. Moreover, BrainPy features an extensible architecture allowing easy expansion of new infrastructure, utilities, and machine learning approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BrainPy: a flexible, integrative, efficient, and extensible framework towards general-purpose brain dynamics programming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514188v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Functional Insights into the Action Mode of A Mitochondrial AAA+ Disaggregase CLPB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.28.514188v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
"The authors have withdrawn their manuscript because of duplicate posting. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.

The correct preprint can be found at https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.10.483744"
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.28.514188</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Functional Insights into the Action Mode of A Mitochondrial AAA+ Disaggregase CLPB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514459v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Simulations reveal high efficiency and confinement of a population suppression CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.30.514459v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Though engineered gene drives hold great promise for spreading through and eventually suppressing populations of disease vectors or invasive species, complications such as resistance alleles and spatial population structure can prevent their success. Additionally, most forms of suppression drives, such as homing drives or driving Y chromosomes, will generally spread uncontrollably between populations with even small levels of migration. The previously proposed CRISPR-based toxin-antidote system called TADE suppression drive could potentially address the issue of confinement and resistance alleles. However, it is a relatively weak form of drive compared to homing drives, which might make it particularly vulnerable to spatial population structure. In this study, we investigate TADE suppression drive using individual-based simulations in continuous space. We find that the drive is actually more confined in continuous space than in panmictic populations, even in its most efficient form with a low cleavage rate in embryos from maternally deposited Cas9. Furthermore, the drive performed well in continuous space scenarios if the initial release requirements were met, suppressing the populations in a timely manner without being severely affected by chasing, a phenomenon in which wild-type individuals avoid the drive by recolonizing empty areas. At higher embryo cut rates, the drive loses its ability to propagate on its own, but a single, widespread release can often still induce rapid population collapse. Thus, if TADE suppression gene drives can be successfully constructed, they may play an important role in control of disease vectors and invasive species when stringent confinement to target populations is desired.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.10.30.514459</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Simulations reveal high efficiency and confinement of a population suppression CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Making waves: Comparative analysis of gene drive spread characteristics in a continuous space model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With their ability to rapidly increase in frequency, gene drives can be used to modify or suppress target populations after an initial release of drive-containing individuals. Recent advances in this field have revealed many possibilities for different types of drives, and several of these have been realized in experimental demonstrations. These drives all have unique advantages and disadvantages related to their ease of construction, confinement, and capacity to act as a modification or suppression system. While many properties of these drives have been explored in modelling studies, assessment of these drives in continuous space environments has been limited, often focusing on outcomes rather than fundamental properties. Here, we conduct a comparative analysis of many different gene drive types that have the capacity to form a wave of advance against wild-type alleles in one-dimensional continuous space. We evaluate the drive wave speed as a function of drive performance and ecological parameters, which reveals substantial differences between drive performance in panmictic versus spatial environments. In particular, we find that suppression drive waves are uniquely vulnerable to fitness costs and undesired CRISPR cleavage activity that can form resistance alleles in embryos by maternal deposition. Some drives, though, retain robust characteristics even with widely varying performance characteristics. To gain a better understanding of drive waves, we compare panmictic performance of drives across the full range of drive frequencies. We find that rates of wild-type allele removal in panmictic setting is correlated with drive wave speed, though this is also affected by a range of other factors. Overall, our results provide a useful resource for understanding the performance of drives in continuous spatial environments, which may be most representative of potential drive deployment in many relevant scenarios.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Making waves: Comparative analysis of gene drive spread characteristics in a continuous space model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global terrestrial nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.01.514661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant biomass production (BP), nitrogen uptake (Nup) and their ratio, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), must be quantified to understand how nitrogen (N) cycling constrains terrestrial carbon (C) uptake. But the controls of key plant processes determining Nup and NUE, including BP, C and N allocation, tissue C:N ratios and N resorption efficiency (NRE), remain poorly known. We compiled measurements from 804 forest and grassland sites and derived regression models for each of these processes with growth temperature, vapour pressure deficit, stand age, soil C:N ratio, fAPAR (remotely sensed fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by green vegetation) and growing-season average daily incident photosynthetic photon flux density (gPPFD) (effectively the seasonal concentration of light availability, which increases polewards) as predictors. An empirical model for leaf N was based on optimal photosynthetic capacity (a function of gPPFD and climate) and observed leaf mass-per-area. The models were used to produce global maps of Nup and NUE. Global BP was estimated as 72 Pg C/yr; Nup as 950 Tg N/yr; and NUE as 76 gC/gN. Forest BP was found to increase with growth temperature and fAPAR and to decrease with stand age, soil C:N ratio and gPPFD. Forest NUE is controlled primarily by climate through its effect on C allocation - especially to leaves, being richer in N than other tissues. NUE is greater in colder climates, where N is less readily available, because belowground allocation is increased. NUE is also greater in drier climates because leaf allocation is reduced. NRE is enhanced (further promoting NUE) in both cold and dry climates. These findings can provide observationally based benchmarks for model representations of C-N cycle coupling. State-of-the-art vegetation models in the TRENDY ensemble showed variable performance against these benchmarks, and models including coupled C-N cycling produced relatively poor simulations of Nup and NUE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prentice, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bloomfield, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campioli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stocker, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.01.514661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global terrestrial nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.514992v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.04.514992v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Because DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) greatly threaten genomic integrity, effective DNA damage sensing and repair are essential for cellular survival in all organisms. However, DSB repair mainly occurs during the interphase and is repressed during mitosis. Here, we show that, unlike mitotic cells, oocytes can repair DSBs during meiosis through microtubule-dependent chromosomal recruitment of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle poles. After DSB induction, we observed spindle shrinkage and stabilization, as well as BRCA1 and 53BP1 recruitment to chromosomes and subsequent DSB repair during meiosis I. Moreover, p-MDC1 and p-TOPBP1 were recruited from spindle poles to chromosomes in a CIP2A-dependent manner. This pole-to-chromosome relocation of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex was impaired not only by depolymerizing microtubules but also by depleting CENP-A or HEC1, indicating that the kinetochore/centromere serves as a structural hub for microtubule-dependent transport of the CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex. Mechanistically, DSB-induced CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 relocation is regulated by PLK1 but not by ATM activity. Our data provide new insights into the critical crosstalk between chromosomes and spindle microtubules in response to DNA damage to maintain genomic stability during oocyte meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.514992</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oocytes can repair DNA damage during meiosis via a microtubule-dependent recruitment of CIP2A-MDC1-TOPBP1 complex from spindle pole to chromosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale neural dynamics in a shared low-dimensional state space reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.05.515307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cognition and attention arise from the adaptive coordination of neural systems in response to external and internal demands. The low-dimensional latent subspace that underlies large-scale neural dynamics and the relationships of these dynamics to cognitive and attentional states, however, are unknown. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging as human participants performed attention tasks, watched comedy sitcom episodes and an educational documentary, and rested. Whole-brain dynamics traversed a common set of latent states that spanned canonical gradients of functional brain organization, with global synchrony among functional networks modulating state transitions. Neural state dynamics were synchronized across people during engaging movie watching and aligned to narrative event structures. Neural state dynamics reflected attention fluctuations such that different states indicated engaged attention in task and naturalistic contexts whereas a common state indicated attention lapses in both contexts. Together, these results demonstrate that traversals along large-scale gradients of human brain organization reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosenberg, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.05.515307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale neural dynamics in a shared low-dimensional state space reflect cognitive and attentional dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515958v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transcription-independent hold of the G1/S transition is exploited to cope with DNA replication stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.10.515958v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RB1 (retinoblastoma) members control the G1/S commitment as transcriptional repressors in eukaryotic cells. Here we uncover that an extra copy of RB1 equivalent (WHI7 or WHI5) is sufficient to bypass the indispensability of the central genomic checkpoint kinases Mec1ATR-Rad53CHK1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mec1-Rad53 directly phosphorylate Whi7/5, antagonizing their nuclear export or protein turnover upon replication stress. Through in vitro reconstitution, we show that Whi7 C-terminus directly binds and hinders S-CDK-Cks1 from processively phosphorylating Sic1. By microfluidic single-cell real-time quantitative imaging, we demonstrate that both Whi7 and Whi5 are required to flatten the degradation curve of the major S-CDK inhibitor Sic1 in vivo. These findings reveal an eclipsed transcription-independent role of Whi7 homologs, which is highlighted by genome integrity checkpoints to hold the G1/S transition instantly as a rapid response to unforeseeable replication threats.

Key pointsO_LIWhi7 overexpression bypasses the essential function of Mec1 and Rad53 in a transcription-independent way.
C_LIO_LIWhi7 is stabilized by checkpoint-mediated phosphorylation.
C_LIO_LIWhi7 binds and hinders S-CDK-Cks1 from multi-phosphorylation of Sci1, thereby prolonging Sic1 degradation and G1/S transition.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>lan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.10.515958</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transcription-independent hold of the G1/S transition is exploited to cope with DNA replication stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.11.516083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.11.516083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent experiences bias the perception of following stimuli, as has been verified in various kinds of experiments in visual perception. This phenomenon, known as serial dependence, may reflect mechanisms to maintain perceptual stability. In the current study, we examined several key properties of serial dependence in temporal perception. Firstly, we examined the source of serial dependence effect in temporal perception. We found that perception without motor reproduction is sufficient to induce the sequential effect; the motor reproduction caused a stronger effect and it is achieved by biasing the perception of the future target duration rather than directly influences the subsequent movement. Secondly, we ask how the working memory influences serial dependence in the in a temporal reproduction task. By varying the delay time between standard duration and the reproduction, we showed that the strength of serial dependence enhanced as the delay increased. Those features of serial dependence are consistent with what has been observed in the visual perceptual tasks, for example, orientation perception or location perception. The similarities between the visual and the timing tasks may suggest a similar neural coding mechanism of magnitude between the visual stimuli and the duration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.11.516083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Serial dependence in timing at the perceptual level being modulated by working memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.515727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of mechanisms of drug resistance by polyaneuploid cancer cells in a microfluidic device and patient tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.515727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in many cancers. However, the life cycle of cancer cells as they respond to and survive environmental and therapeutic stress is understudied. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to induce the development of doxorubicin-resistant (DOXR) cells from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells within 11 days by generating gradients of DOX and medium. In vivo chemoresistant xenograft models, an unbiased genome-wide transcriptome analysis, and a patient data/tissue analysis all showed that chemoresistance arose from failed epigenetic control of the nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1)/histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) axis, and high Nupr1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes. These results suggest that the chip can rapidly induce resistant cells that increase tumor heterogeneity and chemoresistance, highlighting the need for further studies on the epigenetic control of the NUPR1/HDAC11 axis in TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeonghun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koo, B.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pienta, K. j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amend, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.515727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of mechanisms of drug resistance by polyaneuploid cancer cells in a microfluidic device and patient tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Formation process of the twinning β-form anhydrous guanine platelets in the scallop eyes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Square shaped twinning guanine microplates with high symmetry are assembled into highly ordered layered patterns and function as image-forming mirrors in the scallop eyes. However, the formation process and biomineralization mechanism of twinning guanine microplatelets are still unclear. Herein, the eyes of juvenile Yesso scallops were investigated to understand the formation mechanism of the twinning {beta}-form anhydrous guanine ({beta}-AG) microplatelets exposing (100) plane. We find  form anhydrous guanine (-AG) and single-crystal {beta}-AG nanoplatelets in the very early stage of the eyes of the juvenile scallops, while the -AG was supposed to be formed via amorphous guanine during the sample preparation process. Besides {beta}-AG and -AG, amorphous guanine was found in the eyes of juvenile scallops with size of 2.5 mm according to the Raman spectra. A formation mechanism was proposed for the biogenic twinning guanine platelets. Firstly, amorphous guanine is formed as an intermediate phase, which transforms into single crystalline {beta}-AG nanoplatelets, or, dissolve and recrystallize to single crystalline {beta}-AG nanoplatelets. Then, a second layer of {beta}-AG forms on the top of the original single crystalline {beta}-AG nanoplatelets, forming twinning {beta}-AG nanoplatelets with two c axes with a certain angle, 83{degrees} or 14{degrees}. Each layer of the {beta}-AG nanoplatelets is calculated to be about 14 {+/-} 2 nm. This is the first time to report the formation mechanism of biogenic twinning {beta}-AG microplatelets. Uncovering the formation mechanism of twinning platelets of organic crystals may shed light on the formation of functional synthetic twinning organic crystals in the laboratories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Formation process of the twinning β-form anhydrous guanine platelets in the scallop eyes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Firing rate adaptation in continuous attractor neural networks accounts for theta phase shift of hippocampal place cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hippocampal place cells in freely moving rodents display both theta phase precession and procession, which is thought to play important roles in cognition, but the neural mechanism for producing theta phase shift remains largely unknown. Here we show that firing rate adaptation within a continuous attractor neural network causes the neural activity bump to oscillate around the external input, resembling theta sweeps of decoded position during locomotion. These forward and backward sweeps naturally account for theta phase precession and procession of individual neurons, respectively. By tuning the adaptation strength, our model explains the difference between "bimodal cells" showing interleaved phase precession and procession, and "unimodal cells" in which phase precession predominates. Our model also explains the constant cycling of theta sweeps along different arms in a T-maze environment, the speed modulation of place cells firing frequency, and the continued phase shift after transient silencing of the hippocampus. We hope that this study will aid an understanding of the neural mechanism supporting theta phase coding in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Firing rate adaptation in continuous attractor neural networks accounts for theta phase shift of hippocampal place cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Incorporating Pre-training Paradigm for Antibody Sequence-Structure Co-design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies are versatile proteins that can bind to pathogens and provide effective protection for human body. Recently, deep learning-based computational antibody design has attracted popular attention since it automatically mines the antibody patterns from data that could be complementary to human experiences. However, the computational methods heavily rely on the high-quality antibody structure data, which is quite limited. Besides, the complementarity-determining region (CDR), which is the key component of an antibody that determines the specificity and binding affinity, is highly variable and hard to predict. Therefore, data limitation issue further raises the difficulty of CDR generation for antibodies. Fortunately, there exists a large amount of sequence data of antibodies that can help model the CDR and alleviate the reliance on structured data. By witnessing the success of pre-training models for protein modeling, in this paper, we develop an antibody pre-trained language model and incorporate it into the (antigen-specific) antibody design model in a systemic way. Specifically, we first pre-train an antibody language model based on the sequence data, then propose a one-shot way for sequence and structure generation of CDR to avoid the heavy cost and error propagation from an autoregressive manner, and finally leverage the pre-trained antibody model for the antigen-specific antibody generation model with some carefully designed modules. Through various experiments, we show that our method achieves superior performance over previous baselines on different tasks, such as sequence and structure generation, antigen-binding CDR-H3 design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Incorporating Pre-training Paradigm for Antibody Sequence-Structure Co-design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion of TRPC6, an autism risk gene, induces hyperexcitability in cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.14.516407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder linked to numerous rare, inherited and arising de novo genetic variants. ASD often co-occurs with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy, which are associated with hyperexcitability of neurons. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability in ASD remain poorly understood. Transient receptor potential canonical-6 (TRPC6) is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that regulates store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and is a candidate risk gene for ASD. Using human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical neurons, single cell calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, we show that TRPC6 knockout (KO) reduces SOCE signaling and leads to hyperexcitability of neurons by increasing action potential frequency and network burst frequency. Our data provide evidence that reduction of SOCE by TRPC6 KO results in neuronal hyperexcitability, which we hypothesize is an important contributor to the cellular pathophysiology underlying hyperactivity in some ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Moussa, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de la Fuente, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stanton, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.516407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion of TRPC6, an autism risk gene, induces hyperexcitability in cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516713v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of the microhomology-mediated end joining pathway suppresses large deletions and enhances homology-directed repair following CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA breaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516713v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9, an efficient genome editing tool, has been widely used in research and holds great promise in the clinic. However, large unintended rearrangements of the genome occur frequently after CRISPR-Cas9 editing and their potential risk cannot be ignored. In this study, we detected large deletions (LDs) induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and found the microhomology end joining (MMEJ) DNA repair pathway plays a predominant role in LD. We genetically targeted PARP1, RPA, POLQ and LIG3, which play critical roles in MMEJ, during CRISPR-Cas9 editing. By analyzing LD events in two independent gene loci, CD9 and PIGA, using flow cytometry and long-read individual molecule sequencing (IDMseq), we showed that knocking down PARP1 and LIG3 does not alter the frequency of Cas9-induced LD, while knocking down or inhibiting POLQ dramatically reduces LD. Knocking down RPA increases LD frequency, and overexpression of RPAs consistently reduces LD frequency. Interestingly, small-molecule inhibition of POLQ and delivery of recombinant RPA proteins also dramatically increase the efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR). In conclusion, RPA and POLQ play opposite roles in Cas9-induced LD, modulation of POLQ and RPA can reduce LD and improve HDR, thus holding promise for safe and precise genome editing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsayegh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tehseen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamdan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516713</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of the microhomology-mediated end joining pathway suppresses large deletions and enhances homology-directed repair following CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA breaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapid and Signal Crowdedness-Robust In-Situ Sequencing through Hybrid Block Coding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.16.516714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics technology has revolutionized our understanding of cell types and tissue organization, opening new possibilities for researchers to explore transcript distributions at subcellular levels. However, existing methods have limitations in resolution, sensitivity, or speed. To overcome these challenges, we introduce SPRINTseq (Spatially Resolved and signal-diluted Next-generation Targeted sequencing), an innovative in situ sequencing strategy that combines hybrid block coding and molecular dilution strategies. Our method enables fast and sensitive high-resolution data acquisition, as demonstrated by recovering over 142 million transcripts using a 108 gene panel from 453,843 cells from four mouse brain coronal slices in less than two days. Using this advanced technology, we uncover the cellular and subcellular molecular architecture of Alzheimers disease, providing additional information into abnormal cellular behaviors and their subcellular mRNA distribution. This improved spatial transcriptomics technology holds great promise for exploring complex biological processes and disease mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.16.516714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapid and Signal Crowdedness-Robust In-Situ Sequencing through Hybrid Block Coding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ppGpp is Present in and Functions to Regulate Sleep in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.17.516975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep is essential for animals, and receives inputs from circadian, homeostasis, and environment, yet the mechanisms of sleep regulation remain elusive. Discovery of molecules in living systems and demonstration of their functional roles are pivotal in furthering our understanding of the molecular basis of biology. Here we report that ppGpp (guanosine-5-diphosphate, 3-diphosphate), a molecule that has been detected in prokaryotes for more than five decades, is present in Drosophila, and plays an important role in regulation of sleep and SISL (starvation induced sleep loss). ppGpp is detected in germ-free Drosophila and hydrolyzed by an enzyme encoded by the mesh1 gene in Drosophila. Nighttime sleep and SISL were defected in mesh1 mutant flies, and rescued by expression of wildtype Mesh1, but not the enzymatically defective mutant Mesh1E66A. Ectopic expression of RelA, the E. coli synthetase for ppGpp, phenocopied mesh1 knockout mutants, whereas overexpression of Mesh1 resulted in the opposite phenotypes, supporting that ppGpp is both necessary and sufficient in sleep regulation. A chemoconnectomic screen followed by genetic intersection experiments implicate the Dilp2 neurons in the pars intercerebralis (PI) brain region as the site of ppGpp function. Our results have thus supported that ppGpp is present in animals after long lag since its discovery in bacteria, and revealed a physiological role of ppGpp in sleep regulation for the first time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ppGpp is Present in and Functions to Regulate Sleep in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping single-cell responses to population-level dynamics during antibiotic treatment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.18.517151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Treatment of sensitive bacteria with beta-lactam antibiotics often leads to two salient population-level features: a transient increase in total population biomass before a subsequent decline, and a linear correlation between growth and killing rates. However, it remains unclear how these population-level responses emerge from collective single-cell responses. During beta-lactam treatment, it is well recognized that individual cells often exhibit varying degrees of filamentation before lysis. We show that the probability of cell lysis increases with the extent of filamentation and that this dependence is characterized by unique parameters that are specific to bacterial strain, antibiotic dose, and growth condition. Modeling demonstrates how the single-cell lysis probabilities can give rise to population-level biomass dynamics, which were experimentally validated. This mapping provides insights into how the population biomass time-kill curve emerges from single cells and allows the representation of both single-and population-level responses with universal parameters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simsek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andreani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.18.517151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping single-cell responses to population-level dynamics during antibiotic treatment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Instantaneous antidepressant effect of lateral habenula deep brain stimulation in rats studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.20.517264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The available treatments for depression have substantial limitations, including low response rates and substantial lag time before a response is achieved. We applied deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the lateral habenula (LHb) of two rat models of depression (Wistar Kyoto rats and lipopolysaccharide-treated rats) and observed an immediate (within seconds to minutes) alleviation of depressive-like symptoms with a high response rate. Simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) conducted on the same sets of depressive rats used in behavioral tests revealed DBS-induced activation of multiple regions in afferent and efferent circuitry of the LHb. The activation levels of brain regions connected to the medial LHb (M-LHb) was correlated with the extent of behavioral improvements. Rats with more medial stimulation sites in the LHb exhibited greater antidepressant effects than those with more lateral stimulation sites. These results indicated that the antidromic activation of the limbic system and orthodromic activation of the monoaminergic systems connected to the M-LHb played a critical role in the rapid antidepressant effects of LHb-DBS. This study indicates that M-LHb-DBS might act as a valuable, rapid-acting antidepressant therapeutic strategy for treatment-resistant depression and demonstrates the potential of using fMRI activation of specific brain regions as biomarkers to predict and evaluate antidepressant efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.20.517264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Instantaneous antidepressant effect of lateral habenula deep brain stimulation in rats studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pisces: A combo-wise contrastive learning approach to synergistic drug combination prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.21.517439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drug combination therapy is promising for cancer treatment through simultaneously reducing resistance and improving efficacy. Machine learning approaches to drug combination response prediction can prioritize experiments and discover new combinations, but require lots of training data in order to fit the nonlinearity of synergistic effect. Here, we propose Pisces, a novel machine learning approach for drug combination synergy prediction. The key idea of Pisces is to augment the sparse drug combination dataset by creating multiple views for each drug combination based on its different modalities. We combined eight different modalities of a single drug to create 64 augmented views for a pair of drugs, effectively expanding the size of the original data 64 times. Pisces obtained state-of-the-art results on cell-line-based drug synergy prediction, xenograft-based drug synergy prediction, and drug-drug interaction prediction. By interpreting Piscess predictions using a genetic interaction network, we further identified a breast cancer drug-sensitive pathway from BRCA cell lines in GDSC. We validated this pathway on an independent TCGA-BRCA tumor dataset and found that patients with this pathway activated had substantially longer survival time. Collectively, Pisces effectively predicts drug synergy and drug-drug interactions through augmenting the original dataset 64 times, and can be broadly applied to various biological applications that involve a pair of drugs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woicik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.21.517439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pisces: A combo-wise contrastive learning approach to synergistic drug combination prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenomics reveals extensive misidentification of fungal strains from the genus Aspergillus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern taxonomic classification is often based on phylogenetic analyses of a few molecular markers, although single-gene studies are still common. However, the use of one or few molecular markers can lead to inaccurate inferences of species history and errors in classification. Here, we leverage genome-scale molecular phylogenetics (phylogenomics) of species and populations to reconstruct evolutionary relationships in a dense dataset of 711 fungal genomes from the biomedically and technologically important genus Aspergillus. To do so, we generated a novel set of 1,362 high-quality molecular markers specific for Aspergillus and provide profile Hidden Markov Models for each, facilitating others to use these molecular markers. Examination of the resulting genome-scale phylogeny: (1) helped resolve ongoing taxonomic controversies and identified new ones; (2) revealed extensive strain misidentification, underscoring the importance of population-level sampling in species classification; and (3) identified novel lineages that may shed light on the early evolution of an important genus. These findings suggest that phylogenomics of species and populations can facilitate accurate taxonomic classifications and reconstructions of the tree of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Steenwyk, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balamurugan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raja, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goncalves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberlies, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbons, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiser, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hibbett, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rokas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenomics reveals extensive misidentification of fungal strains from the genus Aspergillus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517473v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The shadowing effect of initial expectation on learning asymmetry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.22.517473v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evidence for positivity and optimism bias abounds in high-level belief updates. However, no consensus has been reached regarding whether learning asymmetries exists in more elementary forms of updates such as reinforcement learning (RL). In RL, the learning asymmetry concerns the sensitivity difference in incorporating positive and negative prediction errors (PE) into value estimation, namely the asymmetry of learning rates associated with positive and negative PEs. Although RL has been established as a canonical framework in interpreting agent and environment interactions, the direction of the learning rate asymmetry remains controversial. Here, we propose that part of the controversy stems from the fact that people may have different value expectations before entering the learning environment. Such default value expectation influences how PEs are calculated and consequently biases subjects choices. We test this hypothesis in two learning experiments with stable or varying reinforcement probabilities, across monetary gains, losses and gain-loss mixtures environments. Our results consistently support the model incorporating asymmetric learning rates and initial value expectation, highlighting the role of initial expectation in value update and choice preference. Further simulation and model parameter recovery analyses confirm the unique contribution of initial value expectation in accessing learning rate asymmetry.

Author SummaryWhile RL model has long been applied in modeling learning behavior, where value update stands in the core of the learning process, it remains controversial whether and how learning is biased when updating from positive and negative PEs. Here, through model comparison, simulation and recovery analyses, we show that accurate identification of learning asymmetry is contingent on taking into account of subjects default value expectation in both monetary gain and loss environments. Our results stress the importance of initial expectation specification, especially in studies investigating learning asymmetry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.22.517473</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The shadowing effect of initial expectation on learning asymmetry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.515119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting Lung Cancer in Korean Never-Smokers with Polygenic Risk Scores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.515119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the last few decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with more than 10,000 subjects have identified several loci associated with lung cancer. Hence, recently, genetic data have been used to develop novel risk prediction tools for cancer. The present study aimed to establish a lung cancer prediction model for Korean never-smokers using polygenic risk scores (PRSs). PRSs were calculated using a thresholding-pruning-based approach based on 11 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Overall, the odds ratios tended to increase as PRSs were larger, with the odds ratio of the top 5% PRSs being 1.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.31-2.23), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model being of 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.747-0.774). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the prediction model with and without PRSs as covariates were compared using DeLongs test, and a significant difference was observed. Our results suggest that PRSs can be valuable tools for predicting the risk of lung cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, I.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jee, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.515119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting Lung Cancer in Korean Never-Smokers with Polygenic Risk Scores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517508v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring the intestinal magnetic field with optically pumped atomic magnetometers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517508v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Research has shown the potential of magnetoenterography (MENG) for detecting intestinal diseases noninvasively by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Nevertheless, these devices need to operate under a cytogenetic environment maintained by liquid helium. In this paper, we record the intestinal magnetic field of a rabbit with optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) at room temperature. It demonstrates that the OPM-based system has sufficient sensitivity to measure the intestinal magnetic fields of the rabbit, and can be potentially developed into a cost-effective and flexible MENG system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CREAM Bioelectromagnetism Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517508</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring the intestinal magnetic field with optically pumped atomic magnetometers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517586v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ExposomeX: Integrative Exposomic Platform Expediates Discovery of "Exposure-Biology-Disease" Nexus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.23.517586v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exposome has become the hotspot of next-generation health studies. To date, there is no available effective platform to standardize the analysis of exposomic data. In this study, we aim to propose one new framework of exposomic analysis and build up one novel integrated platform "ExposomeX" to expediate the discovery of the "Exposure-Biology-Disease" nexus. We have developed 13 standardized modules to accomplish six major functions including statistical learning (E-STAT), exposome database search (E-DB), mass spectrometry data processing (E-MS), meta-analysis (E-META), biological link via pathway integration and protein-protein interaction (E-BIO) and data visualization (E-VIZ). Using ExposomeX, we can effectively analyze the multiple-dimensional exposomics data and investigate the "Exposure-Biology-Disease" nexus by exploring mediation and interaction effects, understanding statistical and biological mechanisms, strengthening prediction performance, and automatically conducting meta-analysis based on well-established literature databases. The performance of ExposomeX has been well validated by re-analyzing two previous multi-omics studies. Additionally, ExposomeX can efficiently help discover new associations, as well as relevant in-depth biological pathways via protein-protein interaction and gene ontology network analysis. In sum, we have proposed a novel framework for standardized exposomic analysis, which can be accessed using both R and online interactive platform (http://www.exposomex.cn/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiangtulu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.23.517586</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ExposomeX: Integrative Exposomic Platform Expediates Discovery of "Exposure-Biology-Disease" Nexus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.25.517942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM Structure of the 50S-HflX Complex Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.25.517942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial HflX is a conserved ribosome-binding GTPase involved in splitting ribosomal complexes accumulated under stress condition. However, the atomic details of its ribosomal interaction remain to be elucidated. In this work, we present a high-resolution structure of the E. coli 50S subunit bound with HflX. The structure reveals highly specific contacts between HflX and the ribosomal RNA, and in particular, an insertion loop of the N-terminal domain of HflX is situated in the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) and makes direct interactions with PTC residues. Interestingly, this loop displays steric clash with a few PTC-targeting antibiotics on the 50S subunit, such as chloramphenicol. Deletion of hflX results in hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol treatment, and a loop residue G154 of HflX is important for the observed chloramphenicol resistance. Overall, our results suggest that HflX could be a general stress response factor that functions in both stalled ribosome splitting and PTC antibiotic displacing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.25.517942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM Structure of the 50S-HflX Complex Reveals a Novel Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in E. coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling cell size control using differential scaling of cell-cycle regulators with cell size 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate timing of division and size homeostasis is crucial for cells. A potential mechanism for cells to decide the timing of division is the differential scaling of regulatory protein copy numbers with cell size. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism can lead to robust growth and division, and how the scaling behaviors of regulatory proteins influence the cell size distribution. Here we study a mathematical model combining gene expression and cell growth, in which the cell-cycle activators scale superlinearly with cell size while the inhibitors scale sublinearly. The cell divides once the ratio of their concentrations reaches a threshold value. We find that the cell can robustly grow and divide within a finite range of the threshold value with the cell size proportional to the ploidy. In a stochastic version of the model, the cell size at division is uncorrelated with that at birth. Also, the more differential the cell-size scaling of the cell-cycle regulators is, the narrower the cell-size distribution is. Intriguingly, our model with multiple regulators rationalizes the observation that after the deletion of a single regulator, the coefficient of variation of cell size remains roughly the same though the average cell size changes significantly. Our work reveals that the differential scaling of cell-cycle regulators provides a robust mechanism of cell size control.

Author summaryHow cells determine the timing of cell division is a fundamental question of cell biology. It has been found that the concentration of cell-cycle activators tends to increase with cell size, while the concentration of inhibitors tends to decrease. Therefore, an attractive hypothesis is that the ratio of activators to inhibitors may trigger cell division. To investigate this hypothesis quantitatively, we study a model including gene expression and cell growth simultaneously. The cell divides once the activator-to-inhibitor ratio reaches a threshold. Combining theories and simulations, we analyze the conditions of robust cell cycle and the cell size distribution. Our model successfully rationalizes several experimental observations, including the relation between cell size and ploidy, the sizer behavior of cell size control, and the change of the mean and breadth of cell size distribution after regulator deletion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.30.518453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling cell size control using differential scaling of cell-cycle regulators with cell size]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced immunity is affected by age, gender and prior COVID-19 and activates responses to spike and other antigens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.11.30.518633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long-term solutions against SARS-CoV-2 infections require understanding of immune protection induced by different vaccine COVID-19 formulations. We investigated humoral and cellular immunity induced by Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) in a region of high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence.

Levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were determined 24-weeks. Cellular immunity was investigated using a commercially available IFN-{gamma} release assay to SARS-CoV-2 spike (Ag1 and 2) and extended genome antigens (Ag3).

Increasing IgG seropositivity to Spike protein and RBD was observed post-vaccination. Seropositivity was reduced in those over 50 years and raised in females and those with prior COVID-19. After 20 weeks post-vaccination, only one third of participants had positive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Prior COVID-19 impacted IFN{gamma} responses, with reactivity enhanced in those infected earlier. The frequency of IFN{gamma} responses was highest to extended genome antigen set.

Overall, BBIBP-CorV- induced antibody responses were impacted by age, gender and prior COVID-19. Cellular immunity was present in a limited number of individuals after 20 weeks but was enhanced by prior infection. This suggests the need for booster vaccinations in older individuals. BBIBP-CorV-induced cellular activation is broader than to spike, requiring further study to understand how to monitor vaccine effectiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, K. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qaiser, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghous, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yameen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hassan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nisar, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qazi, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memon, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baloch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhutta, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldhoen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simas, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahmood, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghias, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.11.30.518633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced immunity is affected by age, gender and prior COVID-19 and activates responses to spike and other antigens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518652v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bright and sensitive red voltage indicators for imaging action potentials in brain slices and pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518652v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As fast developing tools for observing cellular membrane potential, red-emitting genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) reduce auto-fluorescence background, allow multiplexed recordings, and enable all-optical electrophysiology, but have been limited by either insensitivity or dimness. Here, we report a pair of red GEVIs, Cepheid1b/s, with improved sensitivity, brightness, and photostability. Cepheid1 indicators faithfully report cellular excitability in pancreatic islets and neural activity in acute brain slices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518652</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bright and sensitive red voltage indicators for imaging action potentials in brain slices and pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518802v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Candida khanbhai sp. nov., a new clinically relevant yeast within the Candida haemulonii species complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.01.518802v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Invasive fungal infections caused by non-albicans Candida species are increasingly reported. Recent advances in diagnostic and molecular tools enabled better identification and detection of these emerging pathogenic yeasts. Several of these emerging species belong to the Candida haemulonii species complex, which attracted much attention due to the rapid global emergence of its multi-drug resistant member Candida auris. Here, we describe a new clinically relevant yeast isolated from geographically distinct regions, representing the proposed novel species Candida khanbhai, member of the C. haemulonii species complex. Moreover, several members of the C. haemulonii species complex were observed to be invalidly described, including Candida auris and Candida vulturna. Hence, the opportunity was taken to correct this here, formally validating the names of various yeast species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Jong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Obaid, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohd Tap, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerrits van den Ende, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groenewald, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.01.518802</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Candida khanbhai sp. nov., a new clinically relevant yeast within the Candida haemulonii species complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of rectified gap junctional electrical coupling and spatial distribution of biologically engineered pacemaking cells on ventricular excitation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.02.518808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimBiologically engineered pacemaker, or bio-pacemaker, is a promising replacement for electronic pacemakers for treating cardiac dysfunction. Previous animal experimental studies, however, have not been able to accurately demonstrate the stability and efficiency of the bio-pacemaker yet. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying factors that affect bio-pacemakers performance and to discover possible optimising solutions to enable the potential use of bio-pacemaker therapy.

Methods and resultsThe human ventricular myocytes model in this study followed the ten Tussuchers model in 2006, and the bio-pacemaker single cell model was modified based on it as what has been expatiated in our previous work. In tissue model, two factors were primarily evaluated for their effects on bio-pacemakers to pace and drive surrounding cardiac tissue: gap junction between bio-pacemaker cells (PMs) and adjacent ventricular myocytes (VMs) and the spatial distribution of bio-pacemakers. A suppressed gap junctional electrical coupling between and heterotypic gap junctions were simulated and a combination of them led to the best performance of the bio-pacemaker. Then, the pacemaking behaviours of three kinds of idealised PM-VM slices were simulated, in which an electrically isolated distribution of bio-pacemaker showed optimal drive capacities. Finally, a real human ventricular slice model was used to verified the conclusions in idealized tissues.

ConclusionThis study develops a theory that weak-rectified electrical coupling and electrically isolated distribution can enhance the pacemaking efficiency of bio-pacemakers, which lays the groundwork for future research into therapeutic applications of bio-pacemakers.

Author summaryBiologically engineered pacemakers are expected to be a substitute for electronic pacemakers because of their physiological superiority, but how to transform them for practical application remains challenging. In this paper, we presented a theoretical perspective on optimising biological pacemaking capability based on a computational simulation approach. By manipulating the gap junctional electrical coupling among bio-pacemaking cells and between the pacemaker and their surrounding cells, and controlling spatial distribution of bio-pacemaker, we demonstrated that an enhanced capacity of a bio-pacemaker can be achieved. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the further clinical development of bio-pacemakers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.02.518808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of rectified gap junctional electrical coupling and spatial distribution of biologically engineered pacemaking cells on ventricular excitation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.519001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Unitary Mechanism Underlies Adaptation to Both Local and Global Environmental Statistics in Time Perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.03.519001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our sense of the passage of time flexibly adapts to the statistical properties of the temporal context. Humans and non-human species exhibit a perceptual bias towards the mean of durations previously observed as well as serial dependence, a perceptual bias towards the duration of recently processed events. Here we asked whether those two phenomena arise from a unitary mechanism or reflect the operation of two distinct systems that adapt separately to the global and local statistics of the environment. We employed a set of duration reproduction tasks in which the target duration was sampled from distributions with different variances and means. The central tendency and serial dependence biases were jointly modulated by the range and the variance of the prior. These effects were well-captured by a unitary mechanism model in which temporal expectancies are updated after each trial based on perceptual observations. Alternative models that assume separate mechanisms for global and local contextual effects failed to capture the empirical results.

TeaserTime perception of humans is shaped by a common mechanism that is sensitive to short-term and long-term environmental changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poeppel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.03.519001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Unitary Mechanism Underlies Adaptation to Both Local and Global Environmental Statistics in Time Perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.516847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prior expectation enhances sensorimotor behavior by modulating population tuning and subspace activity in the sensory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.04.516847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prior knowledge facilitates our perception and goal-directed behaviors in the dynamic world, particularly when sensory input is lacking or noisy. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the improvement in sensorimotor behaviors by prior expectations remain unknown. In this study, we examine the neural activity in the middle temporal (MT) area of visual cortex while monkeys perform a smooth pursuit eye movement task with prior expectation of the visual targets motion direction. Prior expectations discriminately reduce the MT neural responses depending on their preferred directions, only when the sensory evidence is weak. This response reduction effectively sharpens neural population direction tuning. Simulations with a realistic MT population demonstrate that sharpening the tuning explains both the biases and variabilities in smooth pursuit, thus suggesting that neural computations in the sensory area alone can underpin the integration of prior knowledge and sensory evidence. State-space analysis further supports this by revealing neural signals of prior expectation in the MT population activity that correlate with behavioral changes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.04.516847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prior expectation enhances sensorimotor behavior by modulating population tuning and subspace activity in the sensory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.518667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Community Challenge to Predict Clinical Outcomes After Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.518667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposePredictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy are currently lacking for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we describe the results from the Anti-PD-1 Response Prediction DREAM Challenge, a crowdsourced initiative that enabled the assessment of predictive models by using data from two randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of ICIs in first-line metastatic NSCLC.

MethodsParticipants developed and trained models using public resources. These were evaluated with data from the CheckMate 026 trial (NCT02041533), according to the model-to-data paradigm to maintain patient confidentiality. The generalizability of the models with the best predictive performance was assessed using data from the CheckMate 227 trial (NCT02477826). Both trials were phase III RCTs with a chemotherapy control arm, which supported the differentiation between predictive and prognostic models. Isolated model containers were evaluated using a bespoke strategy that considered the challenges of handling transcriptome data from clinical trials.

ResultsA total of 59 teams participated, with 417 models submitted. Multiple predictive models, as opposed to a prognostic model, were generated for predicting overall survival, progression-free survival, and progressive disease status with ICIs. Variables within the models submitted by participants included tumor mutational burden (TMB), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and gene-expression-based signatures. The bestperforming models showed improved predictive power over reference variables, including TMB or PD-L1.

ConclusionThis DREAM Challenge is the first successful attempt to use protected phase III clinical data for a crowdsourced effort towards generating predictive models for ICIs clinical outcomes and could serve as a blueprint for similar efforts in other tumor types and disease states, setting a benchmark for future studies aiming to identify biomarkers predictive of ICIs efficacy.

Context summaryO_ST_ABSKey objectiveC_ST_ABSNot all patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) respond to treatment, but accurate predictive biomarkers of ICIs clinical outcomes are currently lacking. This crowdsourced initiative enabled the robust assessment of predictive models using data from two randomized clinical trials of first-line ICI in metastatic NSCLC.

Knowledge generatedModels submitted indicate that a combination of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and immune gene signatures might be able to identify patients more likely to respond to ICIs. TMB and PD-L1 seemed important to predict progression-free survival and overall survival. Mechanisms including apoptosis, T-cell crosstalk, and adaptive immune resistance appeared essential to predict response.

Relevance
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mason, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lapuente-Santana, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halkola, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaufman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfeil, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chasalow, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finotello, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirtti, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayranpaa, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verschuren, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceccarelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monaco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W. R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahu, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eduati, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laajala, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geese, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guinney, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szustakowski, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbone, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.518667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Community Challenge to Predict Clinical Outcomes After Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Boosting wheat functional genomics via indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A better understanding of wheat functional genomics could facilitate the targeted breeding for agronomic traits improvement and environmental adaptation. With the release of reference genomes and extensive re-sequencing data of wheat and relatives, wheat functional genomics enters a new era. However, limited transformation efficiency in wheat hampers in-depth gene functional study and genetic manipulation for breeding. Here, we generated an EMS mutagenesis library of KN9204, a widely grown elite wheat variety in northern China, with available reference genome, transcriptome, and epigenome of various tissues. The library harbors enormous developmental diversity covering important tissues and transition stages. Exome capture sequencing of 2,090 mutant lines, with probes designed by KN9204 genome, revealed that 98.79% of coding genes have mutations and 1,383 EMS-type SNPs per line averagely. Novel allelic variations for important agronomic trait-related genes, such as Rht-D1, Q, TaTB1, and WFZP, were identified. We tested 100 lines with severe mutations in 80 NAC TFs under drought and salinity stresses, and found 13 lines with altered sensitivity. Three lines were further analyzed for the regulation insight of NAC TFs in stress response by combing transcriptome and available chromatin accessibility data. Hundreds of direct targets of NAC with altered transcriptional pattern in mutant lines under salt or drought stress induction were identified, including SNAC1, DREB2B, CML16 and ZFP182, knowing factors in abiotic stresses response. Thus, we have generated and indexed KN9204 EMS mutant library which would facilitate functional genomics study and provide resources for genetic manipulation in wheat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Boosting wheat functional genomics via indexed EMS mutant library of KN9204]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular dynamics analysis of Superoxide Dismutase 1 mutations suggests decoupling between mechanisms underlying ALS onset and progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.05.519128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene are the second most common known cause of ALS. SOD1 variants express high phenotypic variability and over 200 have been reported in people with ALS. Investigating how different SOD1 variants affect the protein dynamics might help in understanding their pathogenic mechanism and explaining their heterogeneous clinical presentation. It was previously proposed that variants can be broadly classified in two groups,  wild-type like (WTL) and  metal binding region (MBR) variants, based on their structural location and biophysical properties. MBR variants are associated with a loss of SOD1 enzymatic activity. In this study we used molecular dynamics and large clinical datasets to characterise the differences in the structural and dynamic behaviour of WTL and MBR variants with respect to the wild-type SOD1, and how such differences influence the ALS clinical phenotype. Our study identified marked structural differences, some of which are observed in both variant groups, while others are group specific. Moreover, applying graph theory to a network representation of the proteins, we identified differences in the intramolecular contacts of the two classes of variants. Finally, collecting clinical data of approximately 500 SOD1 ALS patients carrying variants from both classes, we showed that the survival time of patients carrying an MBR variant is generally longer (~6 years median difference, p < 0.001) with respect to patients with a WTL variant. In conclusion, our study highlights key differences in the dynamic behaviour of the WTL and MBR SOD1 variants, and wild-type SOD1 at an atomic and molecular level. We identified interesting structural features that could be further investigated to explain the associated phenotypic variability. Our results support the hypothesis of a decoupling between mechanisms of onset and progression of SOD1 ALS, and an involvement of loss-of-function of SOD1 with the disease progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miotto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ness, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opie-Martin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spargo, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Rienzo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biagini, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petrizzelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Khleifat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabiljo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayl, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogh, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jockel-Balsarotti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bali, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Self, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henden, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicholson, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ticozzi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenna-Yasek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chio, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ludolph, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weishaupt, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landers, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robberecht, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardiman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldink, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevic, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddique, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silani, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, D.-s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Essel</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.05.519128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular dynamics analysis of Superoxide Dismutase 1 mutations suggests decoupling between mechanisms underlying ALS onset and progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Host-Harbored Metabolic Susceptibility of Coronavirus Enables Broad-Spectrum Targeting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Host-based antivirals could offer broad-spectrum therapeutics and prophylactics against the constantly-mutating viruses including the currently-ravaging coronavirus, yet must target cellular vulnerabilities of viruses without grossly endangering the host. Here we show that the master lipid regulator SREBP1 couples the phospholipid scramblase TMEM41B to constitute a host "metabolism-to-manufacture" cascade that maximizes membrane supplies to support coronaviral genome replication, harboring biosynthetic enzymes including Lipin1 as druggable viral-specific-essential (VSE) host genes. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Lipin1, by a moonlight function of the widely-prescribed beta-blocker Propranolol, metabolically uncouples the SREBP1-TMEM41B cascade and consequently exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral effects against coronaviruses, Zika virus, and Dengue virus. The data implicate a metabolism-based antiviral strategy that is well tolerated by the host, and a potential broad-spectrum medication against current and future coronavirus diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Host-Harbored Metabolic Susceptibility of Coronavirus Enables Broad-Spectrum Targeting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519554v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple sites on glycoprotein H (gH) functionally interact with the gB fusion protein to promote fusion during herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.07.519554v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enveloped virus entry requires fusion of the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) entry is mediated by a set of glycoproteins that interact to trigger the viral fusion protein glycoprotein B (gB). In the current model, receptor-binding by gD signals a gH/gL heterodimer to trigger a refolding event in gB that fuses the membranes. To explore functional interactions between gB and gH/gL, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) to generate two HSV-1 mutants that show a small plaque phenotype due to changes in gB. We passaged the viruses to select for restoration of plaque size and analyzed second-site mutations that arose in gH. HSV-1 gB was replaced either by gB from saimiriine herpesvirus type 1 (SaHV-1) or by a mutant form of HSV-1 gB with three alanine substitutions in domain V (gB3A). To shift the selective pressure away from gB, the gB3A virus was passaged in cells expressing gB3A. Sequencing of passaged viruses identified two interesting mutations in gH, including gH-H789 in domain IV and gH-S830N in the cytoplasmic tail (CT). Characterization of these gH mutations indicated they are responsible for the enhanced plaque size. Rather than being globally hyperfusogenic, both gH mutations partially rescued function of the specific gB version present during their selection. These sites may represent functional interaction sites on gH/gL for gB. gH-H789 may alter the positioning of a membrane-proximal flap in the gH ectodomain, whereas gH-S830 may contribute to an interaction between the gB and gH CTs.

IMPORTANCEEnveloped viruses enter cells by fusing their envelope with the host cell membrane. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) entry requires the coordinated interaction of several viral glycoproteins, including gH/gL and gB. gH/gL and gB are essential for virus replication and both proteins are targets of neutralizing antibodies. gB fuses the membranes after being activated by gH/gL, but the details of how gH/gL activates gB are not known. This study examined the gH/gL-gB interaction using HSV-1 mutants that displayed reduced virus entry due to changes in gB. The mutant viruses were grown over time to select for additional mutations that could partially restore entry. Two mutations in gH (H789Y and S830N) were identified. The positions of the mutations in gH/gL may represent sites that contribute to gB activation during virus entry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hippler, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longnecker, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.07.519554</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple sites on glycoprotein H (gH) functionally interact with the gB fusion protein to promote fusion during herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.09.519852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expanding the diversity of Accumulibacter with a novel type and deciphering the transcriptional and morphological features among co-occurring strains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.09.519852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulibacter is the major polyphosphate-accumulating organism (PAO) in global wastewater treatment systems. Its phylogenetic and functional diversity has been continuously updated in recent years. In addition to its widely recognized two sublineages, Types I and II, here we discovered a novel type enriched in laboratory bioreactors. Core gene- and machine learning-based gene feature profiling supported that Type III Accumulibacter was potential PAO with the unique function of using dimethyl sulfoxide as electron acceptor. On the basis of the correlation between the similarity of ppk1 and genome, the number of ppk1-represented Accumulibacter species was estimated to be over one hundred, suggesting that the currently recognized species are only the tip of the iceberg. Meanwhile, multiple Accumulibacter strains co-occurring in a bioreactor were investigated for their inter-strain transcriptional and morphological features. Metatranscriptomics of seven co-occurring strains indicated that the expression level and interphasic dynamics of PAO phenotype-related genes had minimal correlation with their phylogeny. In particular, expression of denitrifying and poly-P metabolism genes had higher inter-strain and interphasic divergence compared with glycogen and polyhydroxyalkanoates metabolic genes. A strategy of cloning rRNA genes from different strains based on similar genomic synteny was successfully applied to differentiate their morphology via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our study further expanded the phylogenetic and functional diversity of Accumulibacter. We also proposed that deciphering the function and capability of certain Accumulibacter should be environment- and population-specific.

ImportanceAccumulibacter, as the core functional but uncultured taxa for enhanced biological phosphorus removal, has attracted much attentions on its phylogenetic and functional diversity and intra-genus niche differentiation in the last two decades. It was well-known that this genus had two sub-lineages (Type I and II) since 2002. In this study, a novel type (Type III) with proposed novel functional feature was discovered by the metagenomic approach. By linking average nucleotide identity of Accumulibacter genomes and the similarity of the ppk1 sequences, a phylogenetic biomarker that has been largely deposited in database, we estimated that its global species-level diversity was higher than 100. Moreover, as we found the co-occurrence of multiple Accumulibacter strains in one bioreactor, the simultaneous transcriptional divergence of the co-occurring strains was interesting for understanding their niche differentiation in a single community. The results suggested the decoupling feature between transcriptional pattern with phylogeny for co-occurring strains.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.09.519852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expanding the diversity of Accumulibacter with a novel type and deciphering the transcriptional and morphological features among co-occurring strains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for BIRC6 to balance apoptosis and autophagy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.10.519866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Caspase-9 is the initiator caspase for the intrinsic apoptotic cell death pathway, and is critical to the activation of effector caspases during apoptosis, but how its levels and activities are maintained remains unclear. The gigantic Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) BIRC6/BRUCE/Apollon not only inhibits apoptosis, but also promotes ubiquitination of the key autophagic protein LC3 and inhibits autophagy. Here we show that BIRC6 forms an anti-parallel U-shaped dimer in a 3.6-[A] cryo-EM structure with multiple previously unannotated domains, including a ubiquitin-like domain, and discover that the mitochondria-derived pro-apoptotic factor Smac/DIABLO binds BIRC6 by interacting with one BIR domain, two carbohydrate-binding modules and two helices in the central cavity. Notably, Smac outcompetes the effector caspase 3 and the pro-apoptotic protease HtrA2, but not caspase 9, for binding BIRC6. BIRC6 strongly inhibits cellular activity of caspase 9, but weakly suppresses that of caspase 3. Meanwhile, BIRC6 binds LC3 through an LC3-interacting region, probably following dimer disruption of this BIRC6 region. Deficiency in LC3 ubiquitination promotes autophagy and autophagic degradation of BIRC6, and inhibits apoptosis. Moreover, induction of autophagy promotes autophagic degradation of both procaspase-9 and active caspase-9, but not of effector caspases. These results are important to understand how the balance between apoptosis and autophagy is regulated under pathophysiological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.10.519866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for BIRC6 to balance apoptosis and autophagy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.520005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Absence of the bile acid enzyme CYP8B1 increases brain chenodeoxycholic acid and reduces neuronal excitotoxicity in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.11.520005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBile acids (BAs), which act in the liver-brain axis, are liver-derived signaling molecules found in the brain. However, how they modulate neurological function remains largely unknown.

MethodsTo assess the role of BAs in the brain, we generated mice with absent 12-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1), a BA synthesis enzyme, and determined if brain BA levels were altered in these mice, and if and how this may modulate neuronal function.

ResultsThe absence of CYP8B1 increased brain levels of the primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and decreased ischemic stroke infarct area. Furthermore, CDCA administration reduced ischemic stroke lesion area in wild-type mice. Excitotoxicity due to elevated extra-cellular glutamate contributes to neuronal death in ischemic stroke. Neurons from Cyp8b1-/- mice showed reduced susceptibility to glutamate-induced toxicity, and exogenous CDCA reduced glutamate-induced toxicity in neurons from wild-type mice. These data suggest that CDCA-mediated decreases in excitotoxic neuronal death contributes to the reduced stroke lesion area in Cyp8b1-/- mice. Aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) over-activation contributes to excitotoxicity. CDCA decreased NMDAR-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) in wild-type brain slices, by reducing over-activation of the NMDAR subunit GluN2B. In line with this, synaptic NMDAR activity was also decreased in Cyp8b1-/- brain slices. Expression level and synaptic distribution of GluN2B were unaltered in Cyp8b1-/- mice, suggesting that CDCA may directly antagonize GluN2B-containing NMDARs.

ConclusionsOur data suggests that CDCA acts in the liver-brain axis and decreases the aberrant over-activation of neuronal GluN2B-containing NMDARs, contributing to neuroprotection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Monteiro-Cardoso, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, X. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castano Mayan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wehbe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna-K, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palomera, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanmugam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sem, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parsons, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liehn, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sajikumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davanger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, D.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singaraja, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.11.520005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Absence of the bile acid enzyme CYP8B1 increases brain chenodeoxycholic acid and reduces neuronal excitotoxicity in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Switching the left and the right hearts: A novel bi-ventricle mechanical support strategy with spared native single-ventricle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.12.519951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is used as a bridge-to-heart transplantation for end-stage failing Fontan patients with single-ventricle (SV) circulation. Donor shortage and complexity of the single-ventricle circulation physiology demands novel circulatory support systems and alternative solutions. An out-of-the-box circulation concept in which the left and right ventricles are switched with each other inspired a novel bi-ventricle MCS configuration for the "failing" Fontan patients. In the proposed configuration, the systemic circulation is maintained by a conventional mechanical ventricle assist device while the venous circulation is delegated to the native SV. This approach spares the SV and puts it to a new use at the right-side providing the most needed venous flow pulsatility. To analyze its feasibility and performance, 8 realistic Fontan circulation scenarios have been studied via a multi-compartmental lumped parameter cardiovascular model (LPM). Model is developed specifically for simulating the SV circulation and validated against pulsatile mock-up flow loop measurements for the ideal (Fontan), failed (VD) and assisted Fontan (PVR-cmcs) scenarios. The proposed surgical configuration maintained the cardiac index (3-3.5 l/min/m2) providing a normal mean systemic arterial pressure. For a failed SV with low ejection fraction (EF=26%), representing a typical systemic failure, proposed configuration introduced a venous/pulmonary pulsatility of [~]28 mmHg and a drop of 2 mmHg in central venous pressure (CVP) with acceptable pulmonary artery pressures (17.5 mmHg). In the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) failure model, it provided approximately 5 mmHg drop in CVP with venous/pulmonary pulsatility reaching [~]22 mmHg. For high PVR failure case with a healthy SV (EF = 44%) pulmonary hypertension is likely to occur, indicating a need for precise functional assessment of the failed-ventricle before it is considered for the proposed arrangement. Comprehensive in vitro and in silico results encourage this concept as an economical alternative to the conventional bi-ventricle MCS pending animal experiments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sisli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekkan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildirim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aka, I. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncer, O. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atay, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozbaran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.12.519951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Switching the left and the right hearts: A novel bi-ventricle mechanical support strategy with spared native single-ventricle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.519550v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The compact CasPi (Cas12l) bracelet "provides" a unique structural platform for DNA manipulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.519550v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas modules serve as the adaptive nucleic-acid immune systems for prokaryotes, and provide versatile tools for nucleic-acid manipulation in various organisms. Here, we discovered a new miniature type V system, CRISPR-Cas{pi} (Cas12l) ([~]860 aa), from the environmental metagenome. Complexed with a large guide-RNA ([~]170 nt) comprising the tracrRNA and crRNA, Cas{pi} (Cas12l) recognizes a unique 5 C-rich PAM for DNA cleavage under a broad range of biochemical conditions, and generates gene editing in mammalian cells. Cryo-EM study reveals a  bracelet architecture of Cas{pi} effector encircling the DNA target at 3.4-[A] resolution, substantially different from the canonical  two-lobe architectures of Cas12 and Cas9 nucleases. And the large guide-RNA serves as a  two-arm scaffold for effector assembly. Our study expands the knowledge of DNA targeting mechanisms by CRISPR effectors, and offers an efficient but compact platform for DNA manipulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.-J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.519550</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The compact CasPi (Cas12l) bracelet "provides" a unique structural platform for DNA manipulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Open-3DSIM: an Open-source three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy reconstruction platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With optical section and defocus removal effect, three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3DSIM) can get a whole sight of intracellular organelle. Here, Open-3DSIM is reported as an open-source reconstruction platform with double improvement on lateral and axial resolution. MATLAB code, ImageJ version and Exe application are provided for biologists and engineers to maximize its user-friendliness and prompt its further development. Through adaptive parameter estimation and spectrum filter optimization, we demonstrate its superior performance of artifact suppression and defocus elimination over other algorithms on various specimens, under gradient signal-to-noise levels. Moreover, with the capacity to extract the dipole orientation, Open-3DSIM paves a new avenue for interpreting the subcellular structures in six dimensions (xyz{theta}{lambda}t).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Open-3DSIM: an Open-source three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy reconstruction platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perinuclear force regulates SUN2 dynamics and distribution on the nuclear envelope for proper nuclear mechanotransduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.16.520837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trans-luminal LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex plays a central role in nuclear mechanotransduction by coupling the nucleus with cytoskeleton. High spatial density and active dynamics of LINC complex have hindered its precise characterization for the understanding of underlying mechanisms how the linkages sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. In this study, we focus on SUN2, a core component of LINC complex interconnecting the nuclear lamina and actin cytoskeleton and apply single molecule super-resolution imaging to reveal how SUN2 responds to actomyosin contractility. Using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), we quantitated the distribution pattern and density of SUN2 on the basal nuclear membrane. We found that SUN2 undergoes bidirectional translocation between ER and nuclear membrane in response to actomyosin contractility, suggesting that dynamic constrained force on SUN2 is required for its proper distribution. Furthermore, single molecule imaging unveils interesting dynamics of SUN2 molecules that are regulated by both actomyosin contractility and laminA/C network, whereas SUN2 oligomeric states are not affected by actomyosin contractility. Lastly, the mechanical response of SUN2 to actomyosin contractility was found to regulate expression of mechano-sensitive genes located in lamina-associated domains (LADs) and perinuclear heterochromatin. Taken together, our results reveal how SUN2 responds to mechanical cues at the single-molecule level, providing new insights into the mechanism of nuclear mechanotransduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.520837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perinuclear force regulates SUN2 dynamics and distribution on the nuclear envelope for proper nuclear mechanotransduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.18.520903v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Correlated protein modules reflecting functional coordination of interacting proteins are uncovered by single-cell proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.18.520903v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomics has attracted a lot of attention in recent years because it offers more functional relevance than single-cell transcriptomics. However, most work to date focused on cell typing, which has been widely accomplished by single-cell transcriptomics. Here we report the use of single-cell proteomics to measure the correlations between the translational levels of any pair of proteins in a single mammalian cell. In measuring pairwise correlations among [~]1,000 proteins in a population of homogeneous K562 cells in a steady-state condition, we observed multiple correlated protein modules (CPMs), each containing a group of highly positively correlated proteins that are functionally interacting and collectively involved in certain biological functions, such as protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Some CPMs are shared across different cell types while others are cell-type specific. Widely studied in omics analyses, pairwise correlations are often measured by introducing perturbations to bulk samples. However, some correlations of gene or protein expression in steady-state condition would be masked by perturbation. The single-cell correlations probed in our experiment reflect intrinsic steady-state fluctuations in the absence of perturbation. We note that observed correlations between proteins are experimentally more distinct and functionally more relevant than those between corresponding mRNAs measured in single-cell transcriptomics. By virtue of single-cell proteomics, functional coordination of proteins is manifested through CPMs.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.18.520903</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Correlated protein modules reflecting functional coordination of interacting proteins are uncovered by single-cell proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.521133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular insights into the gating mechanisms of voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.19.521133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-voltage-activated R-type CaV2.3 channel plays pivotal roles in many physiological activities and is implicated in epilepsy, convulsions, and other neurodevelopmental impairments. Here, we determine the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human CaV2.3 in complex with the 2{delta}1 and {beta}1 subunits. The VSDII is stabilized in the resting state. Electrophysiological experiments elucidate that the conformational change of VSDII in response to variation in membrane potential is not required for channel activation, whereas the other VSDs are essential for channel opening. The intracellular gate is blocked by the W-helix. A pre-W-helix adjacent to the W-helix can significantly regulate closed-state inactivation (CSI) by modulating the association and dissociation of the W-helix with the gate. Electrostatic interactions formed between the negatively charged domain on S6II, which is exclusively conserved in the CaV2 family, and nearby regions at the alpha-interacting domain (AID) and S4-S5II helix are identified. Further functional analyses indicate that these interactions are critical for the open-state inactivation (OSI) of CaV2 channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.19.521133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular insights into the gating mechanisms of voltage-gated calcium channel CaV2.3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics deconvolution at single-cell resolution by Redeconve 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational deconvolution with single-cell RNA sequencing data as reference is pivotal to interpreting spatial transcriptomics data, but the current methods are limited to cell type resolution. Here we present Redeconve, an algorithm to deconvolute spatial transcriptomics data at single-cell resolution, enabling interpretation of spatial transcriptomics data with thousands of nuanced cell states. We benchmarked Redeconve with the state-of-the-art algorithms on diverse spatial transcriptomics datasets and platforms and demonstrated the superiority of Redeconve in terms of accuracy, resolution, robustness, and speed. Applications to a human pancreatic cancer dataset revealed cancer clone-specific T cell infiltration, and application to lymph node samples identified subtle cellular surroundings between IgA+ and IgG+ spots, providing novel insights into tumor immunology and the regulatory mechanisms underlying antibody class switch.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial transcriptomics deconvolution at single-cell resolution by Redeconve]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence suggesting creatine as a new central neurotransmitter: presence in synaptic vesicles, release upon stimulation, effects on cortical neurons and uptake into synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.22.521565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The discovery of a new neurotransmitter, especially one in the central nervous system (CNS), is both important and difficult. We have been searching for new neurotransmitters for 12 years. We detected creatine (Cr) in synaptic vesicles (SVs), at a level lower than glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but higher than acetylcholine (ACh) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). SV Cr was reduced in mice lacking either arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT, a Cr synthetase) or SLC6A8, a Cr transporter with mutations among the most common causes of intellectual disability (ID) in men. Calcium-dependent release of Cr was detected after stimulation in brain slices. Cr release was reduced in SLC6A8 and AGAT mutants. Cr inhibited neocortical pyramidal neurons. SLC6A8 was necessary for Cr uptake into synaptosomes. Cr was found by us to be taken up into SVs in an ATP dependent manner. Our biochemical, chemical, genetic and electrophysiological results are consistent with the possibility of Cr as a neurotransmitter, though not yet reaching the level of proof for the now classic transmitters. Our novel approach to discover neurotransmitters is to begin with analysis of contents in SVs before defining their function and physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.22.521565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence suggesting creatine as a new central neurotransmitter: presence in synaptic vesicles, release upon stimulation, effects on cortical neurons and uptake into synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular evolution of protein sequences and codon usage in monkeypox viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.23.521708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) epidemic in 2022 poses a significant public health risk. However, the evolutionary principles of MPXV are largely unknown. Here, we examined the evolutionary patterns of protein sequences and codon usage in MPXV. We first showed the signal of positive selection in OPG027 specifically in Clade I. We then discovered accelerated protein sequence evolution over time in 2022 outbreak-causing variants. We also found strong epistasis between amino acid substitutions located in different genes. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis revealed that MPXV tended to use more unpreferred codons than human genes and that the CAI decreased with time and diverged between clades, with Clade I > IIa and IIb-A > IIb-B. Although the decrease in fatality rate in the three groups matched the CAI pattern, it is unclear whether this is a coincidence or if the deoptimization of codon usage in MPXV induced a decrease in fatality. This study sheds new light on the processes influencing the evolution of MPXV in human populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shan, K.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular evolution of protein sequences and codon usage in monkeypox viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase by High-Resolution X-ray Crystallography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.25.521900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candida boidinii NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH) has gained significant attention for its potential applications in the production of biofuels and various industrial chemicals from inorganic carbon dioxide. The present study reports the atomic X-ray crystal structures of the wild-type CbFDH at cryogenic and ambient temperatures as well as Val120Thr mutant at cryogenic temperature determined at the Turkish Light Source "Turkish DeLight". The structures reveal new hydrogen bonds between Thr120 and water molecules in the mutant CbFDHs active site, suggesting increased stability of the active site and more efficient electron transfer during the reaction. Further experimental data is needed to test these hypotheses. Collectively, our findings provide invaluable insights into future protein engineering efforts that could potentially enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of CbFDH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulut, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.25.521900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase by High-Resolution X-ray Crystallography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Instar determination by constrained gaussian mixture models according to Dyar's rule 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite its importance in ecological studies and pest controls, the lack of knowledge of the life cycle and the ambiguity of data challenge the accurate determination of insect nymphs regarding many insect species. Finite mixture models are often utilized to classify instars without knowing the instar number. This study derives parsimonious gaussian mixture models using parameter constraints motivated by Dyars rule. Dyars rule explains the growth pattern of larvae and nymphs of insects by assuming a constant ratio of head capsule width for every two adjacent development stages. Accordingly, every mean value of log-transformed data in each instar stage is considered a linear function, where two Dyar constants are an intercept and a slope for the instar stages, respectively, to infer the instar stage of samples. The common variance for every instar stage regarding log-transformed data can be assumed in a mixture model, as well. If valid, these assumptions will allow an efficient estimation of the model by reducing free parameters. As a result, four model hypotheses are proposed for each assumption of instar counts depending on whether these two parameter constraints are applied. After model estimation, the proposed method uses the ICL criterion to choose the optimal counts of nymphal stages, and parametric bootstrap LR tests are applied to decide the most efficient model regarding parameter constraints. The proposed method could attain the correct model settings during the simulation study. This study also discusses the interpretation of the results of real insect data sets that concord with Dyars rule or not.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.26.521363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Instar determination by constrained gaussian mixture models according to Dyar's rule]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Visualization of mitochondrial cristae and mtDNA evolvement and interactions with super-resolution microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.12.26.521907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial cristae host the respiratory chain complexes composed of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded and nuclear-encoded proteins and are responsible for ATP production. Movement of mtDNA located in the matrix is limited due to blockade by the cristae; yet, the dynamic interaction between the inner membrane and mtDNA remains unknown due to the insufficient spatiotemporal resolution of conventional microscopy and the lack of appropriate in vivo probes targeted to the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, we developed a novel fluorescence probe to visualize the inner membrane using low-power stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Dual-color imaging of the inner membrane and mtDNA demonstrated that mtDNA is more likely to spread at mitochondrial tips or branch points under an overall even distribution. Interestingly, exploration of forming this distribution propensity uncovered that the mitochondrial dynamics are closely related to the location of mtDNA, and further insight found that fusion always occurs near mtDNA in order to minimize the pressure for cristae remodeling. In healthy cells, mitochondrial dynamics based on cristae remodeling promotes the even distribution of mtDNA, on the contrary, when cristae structure fails in apoptosis and ferroptosis, leading to mtDNA distribution disorder. Observation of active changes during apoptosis further captured the dynamic process of inner membrane herniation and mtDNA leakage along with cristae remodeling. Under ferroptosis, the mitochondria shrank into ellipsoids and mtDNA converged at the center of mitochondria. The rich dynamics between the cristae and mtDNA, revealed at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, show the motive and outgrowth of mtDNA distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2022-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2022.12.26.521907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Visualization of mitochondrial cristae and mtDNA evolvement and interactions with super-resolution microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2022-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VHL Mutation Drives Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Through PI3K/AKT-Dependent Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.02.522447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) is an essential signature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but its molecular mechanism and pathological significance remain elusive.

MethodsEnabled by the label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, which integrated stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with confocal Raman spectroscopy on the same platform, we quantitatively analyzed LD distribution and composition at the single cell level in intact ccRCC cell and tissue specimens in situ without any processing or exogenous labeling. Since we found that commonly used ccRCC cell lines actually did not show the CE-rich signature, primary cancer cells were isolated from human tissues to retain the lipid signature of ccRCC with CE level as high as the original tissue, which offers a preferable cell model for the study of cholesterol metabolism in ccRCC. Moreover, we established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model that retained the CE-rich phenotype of human ccRCC.

FindingsSurprisingly, our results revealed that CE accumulation was induced by tumor suppressor VHL mutation, the most common mutation of ccRCC. Moreover, VHL mutation was found to promote CE accumulation by upregulating HIF and subsequent PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBPs pathway. Inspiringly, inhibition of cholesterol esterification remarkably suppressed ccRCC aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo with negligible toxicity, through the reduced membrane cholesterol-mediated downregulations of integrin and MAPK signaling pathways.

InterpretationCollectively, our study improves current understanding of the role of CE accumulation in ccRCC and opens up new opportunities for treatment.

FundingThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23B2046 and No. 62027824), National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFC2415500), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. YWF-22-L-547), PKU-Baidu Fund (No. 2020BD033), Peking University First Hospital Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund (No.2022CX02), and Beijing Municipal Health Commission (No. 2020-2Z-40713).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.02.522447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VHL Mutation Drives Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Through PI3K/AKT-Dependent Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.03.522427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant subvariant XBB.1.5 is growing rapidly in the United States, carrying an additional Ser486Pro substitution compared to XBB.1 and outcompeting BQ.1.1 and other XBB sublineages. The underlying mechanism for such high transmissibility remains unclear. Here we show that XBB.1.5 exhibits a substantially higher hACE2-binding affinity compared to BQ.1.1 and XBB/XBB.1. Convalescent plasma samples from BA.1, BA.5, and BF.7 breakthrough infection are significantly evaded by both XBB.1 and XBB.1.5, with XBB.1.5 displaying slightly weaker immune evasion capability than XBB.1. Evusheld and Bebtelovimab could not neutralize XBB.1/XBB.1.5, while Sotrovimab remains weakly reactive and notably, SA55 is still highly effective. The fact that XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 showed comparable antibody evasion but distinct transmissibility suggests enhanced receptor-binding affinity would indeed lead to higher growth advantages. The strong hACE2 binding of XBB.1.5 could also enable its tolerance of further immune escape mutations, which should be closely monitored.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.03.522427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced transmissibility of XBB.1.5 is contributed by both strong ACE2 binding and antibody evasion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522537v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating Evasion Strategies in Zebrafish Larvae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522537v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An effective evasion strategy allows prey to survive encounters with predators. Prey are generally thought to escape in a direction that is either random or serves to maximize the minimum distance from the predator. Here we introduce a comprehensive approach to determine the most likely evasion strategy among multiple hypotheses and the role of biomechanical constraints on the escape response of prey fish. Through a consideration of six strategies with sensorimotor noise and previous kinematic measurements, our analysis shows that zebrafish larvae generally escape in a direction orthogonal to the predators heading. By sensing only the predators heading, this orthogonal strategy maximizes the distance from fast-moving predators, and, when operating within the biomechanical constraints of the escape response, it provides the best predictions of prey behavior among all alternatives. This work demonstrates a framework for resolving the strategic basis of evastion in predator-prey interactions, which could be applied to a broad diversity of animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colvert, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McHenry, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522537</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating Evasion Strategies in Zebrafish Larvae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate and Rapid Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis from Gastric Cancer by AI-assisted Stimulated Raman Cytology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most common form of distant metastasis and one of the leading causes of death in gastric cancer (GC). For locally advanced GC, clinical guidelines recommend peritoneal lavage cytology for intraoperative PM detection. Unfortunately, current peritoneal lavage cytology is limited by low sensitivity (<60%). Here we established the stimulated Raman cytology (SRC), a chemical microscopy-based intelligent cytology. By taking advantages of stimulated Raman scattering in label-free, high-speed, and high-resolution chemical imaging, we firstly imaged 53951 exfoliated cells in ascites obtained from 80 GC patients (27 PM positive, 53 PM negative), at the Raman bands corresponding to DNA, protein, and lipid, respectively. Then, we revealed 12 single cell features of morphology and composition that were significantly different between PM positive and negative specimens, including cellular area, lipid protein ratio, etc. Importantly, we developed a single cell phenotyping algorithm to further transform the above raw features to feature matrix. Such matrix was crucial to identify the significant marker cell cluster, the divergence of which was finally used to differentiate the PM positive and negative. Compared with histopathology, the gold standard of PM detection, our SRC method assisted by machine learning classifiers could reach 81.5% sensitivity, 84.9% specificity, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, within 20 minutes for each patient. Such remarkable improvement in detection accuracy is largely owing to incorporation of the single-cell composition features in SRC. Together, our SRC method shows great potential for accurate and rapid detection of PM from GC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate and Rapid Detection of Peritoneal Metastasis from Gastric Cancer by AI-assisted Stimulated Raman Cytology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Use of Class Imbalanced Learning Methods on ULSAM Data to Predict the Case-Control Status in Genome-Wide Association Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.05.522884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning (ML) methods for uncovering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data that can be used to predict disease outcomes are becoming increasingly used in genetic research. Two issues with the use of ML models are finding the correct method for dealing with imbalanced data and data training. This article compares three ML models to identify SNPs that predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) status using the Support vector machine SMOTE (SVM SMOTE), The Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Approach (ADASYN), Random under sampling (RUS) on GWAS data from elderly male participants (165 cases and 951 controls) from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). It was also applied to SNPs selected by the SMOTE, SVM SMOTE, ADASYN, and RUS clumping method. The analysis was performed using three different ML models: (i) support vector machine (SVM), (ii) multilayer perceptron (MLP) and (iii) random forests (RF). The accuracy of the case-control classification was compared between these three methods. The best classification algorithm was a combination of MLP and SMOTE (97% accuracy). Both RF and SVM achieved good accuracy results of over 90%. Overall, methods used against unbalanced data, all three ML algorithms were found to improve prediction accuracy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oztornaci, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tasdelen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.05.522884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Use of Class Imbalanced Learning Methods on ULSAM Data to Predict the Case-Control Status in Genome-Wide Association Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of distant-site rescue elements for CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.522951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New types of gene drives promise to provide increased flexibility, offering many options for confined modification or suppression of target populations. Among the most promising are CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drives, which disrupt essential wild-type genes by targeting them with Cas9/gRNA, resulting in their removal. This increases the frequency of the drive in the population. All these drives, plus homing modification rescue drives, rely on having an effective rescue element, which consists of a recoded version of the target gene. This rescue element can be at the same site as the target gene, which maximizes the chance of efficient rescue, or at a distant site, which allows some other useful options, such as easily disrupting another essential gene or achieving greater confinement. Previously, we developed a homing rescue drive targeting a haplolethal gene and a toxin-antidote drive targeting an essential but haplosufficient gene. These successful drives had functional rescue elements but suboptimal drive efficiency. Here, we attempted to construct new toxin-antidote drives targeting these genes with a distantsite configuration from three different loci. We found that use of additional gRNAs increased cut rates to nearly 100%. However, all distant-site rescue elements failed for both haplolethal and haplosufficient target genes. Furthermore, one rescue element with a minimally recoded rescue element was used as a template for homology-directed repair for the target gene on a different chromosomal arm, resulting in the formation of functional resistance alleles at high frequency. Together, these results can inform the design of future CRISPR-based toxin-antidote gene drives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.06.522951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of distant-site rescue elements for CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.523014v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An axon - T cell feedback loop enhances inflammation and axon degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.06.523014v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation is closely associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Yet whether inflammation causes or exacerbates neurodegeneration has been challenging to define because the two processes are so closely linked. Here we disentangle inflammation from the axon damage it causes by individually blocking cytotoxic T cell function and axon degeneration. We model inflammatory damage in mouse skin, a barrier tissue that, despite frequent inflammation, must maintain proper functioning of a dense array of axon terminals. We show that sympathetic axons control skin inflammation through release of norepinephrine, which suppresses activation of gamma delta T cells via the {beta}2 adrenergic receptor. Strong inflammatory stimulation in the form of the toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod (IMQ) causes progressive gamma delta T cell-mediated, Sarm-1-dependent loss of these immunosuppressive sympathetic axons, a positive feedback loop that removes a physiological brake on T cells, resulting in enhanced inflammation and inflammatory axon damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kutsovsky, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohn, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simon, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.06.523014</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An axon - T cell feedback loop enhances inflammation and axon degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Smooth Muscle Cell Death Drives an Osteochondrogenic Phenotype and Severe Proximal Vascular Disease in Progeria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome results in rapid aging and severe cardiovascular sequelae that accelerate near end of life. We associate progressive deterioration of arterial structure and function with single cell transcriptional changes, which reveals a rapid disease process in proximal elastic arteries that largely spares distal muscular arteries. These data suggest a novel sequence of progressive vascular disease in progeria: initial extracellular matrix remodeling followed by mechanical stress-induced smooth muscle cell death in proximal arteries, leading a subset of remnant smooth muscle cells to an osteochondrogenic phenotypic modulation that results in an accumulation of proteoglycans that thickens the wall and increases pulse wave velocity, with late calcification exacerbating these effects. Increased pulse wave velocity drives left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, the primary diagnosis in progeria children. Mitigating smooth muscle cell loss / phenotypic modulation promises to have important cardiovascular implications in progeria patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murtada, S.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawamura, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavinato, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramachandra, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spronck, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tellides, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphrey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.523266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Smooth Muscle Cell Death Drives an Osteochondrogenic Phenotype and Severe Proximal Vascular Disease in Progeria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noise improves the association between effects of local stimulation and structural degree of brain networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.10.523529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stimulation to local areas remarkably affects brain activity patterns, which can be exploited to investigate neural bases of cognitive function and modify pathological brain statuses. There has been growing interest in exploring the fundamental action mechanisms of local stimulation. Nevertheless, how noise amplitude, an essential element in neural dynamics, influences stimulation-induced brain states remains unknown. Here, we systematically examine the effects of local stimulation by using a large-scale biophysical model under different combinations of noise amplitudes and stimulation sites. We demonstrate that noise amplitude nonlinearly and heterogeneously tunes the stimulation effects from both regional and network perspectives. Furthermore, by incorporating the role of the anatomical network, we show that the peak frequencies of unstimulated areas at different stimulation sites averaged across noise amplitudes are highly positively related to structural connectivity. Crucially, the association between the overall changes in functional connectivity as well as the alterations in the constraints imposed by structural connectivity with the structural degree of stimulation sites is nonmonotonically influenced by the noise amplitude, with the association increasing in specific noise amplitude ranges. Moreover, the impacts of local stimulation of cognitive systems depend on the complex interplay between the noise amplitude and average structural degree. Overall, this work provides theoretical insights into how noise amplitude and network structure jointly modulate brain dynamics during stimulation and introduces possibilities for better predicting and controlling stimulation outcomes.

Author summaryDespite the extensive application of local stimulation in cognition research and disease treatments, how regional perturbations alter brain-wide dynamics has not yet been fully understood. Given that noninvasive stimulation is associated with changes in the signal-noise relationship, we assume that noise amplitude is one of the plausible factors modulating the stimulation effects. Using a whole-brain biophysical model under different stimulation sites and noise amplitudes, we explore the influence of noise amplitude on stimulation effects and, more importantly, the interplay between noise amplitude and network structure. From a regional perspective, noise amplitude reduces the peak frequencies in unstimulated areas during stimulation. Moreover, we find a high similarity between the noise-averaged peak frequency matrix and the structural network. From a network perspective, we show that the changes in functional connectivity are decreased by noise amplitude, while the alterations in structural constraints display nonmonotonic trends. Intriguingly, increasing the noise amplitude in specific ranges can improve the association between network-level effects and structural degree, promoting better predicting and controlling therapeutic performance. Finally, the behaviors of cognitive systems quantified by network-level effects are jointly modulated by the noise amplitude and average structural degree.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.10.523529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noise improves the association between effects of local stimulation and structural degree of brain networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
iTie controls intestinal tolerance through suppressing the NLRP6 inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intestines are full of commensal bacteria that possess numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. How the intestinal epithelial cells are tolerant to these stimuli under normal conditions is still elusive. Here we show that iTie is expressed in small intestinal enterocytes and its deficiency leads to body weight loss in mice, accompanied by length reduce of small intestines and intestinal villi. The activation of NLRP6 inflammasome is exacerbated upon iTie deletion. iTie has a higher binding affinity for NLRP6 than NLRP6s physiological ligand LTA does. iTie deficiency gives rise to uncontrolled GSDMD activation and pyroptosis of small intestinal enterocytes. Inhibition of GSDMD permeabilization on cell membrane ameliorates the damage caused by iTie deficiency. iTes expression is diminished in small intestines of patients with Crohns disease. Our results uncover a self-control system for mouse intestine to tolerate commensal bacteria which might shed new light on the treatment of bowel diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[iTie controls intestinal tolerance through suppressing the NLRP6 inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Knowledge "installed" diffusion model predicts the geometry of actin cytoskeleton from cell morphology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.12.523863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells exhibit various morphological characteristics due to their physiological activities, and changes in cell morphology are inherently accompanied by the assembly and disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Stress fibers are a prominent component of the actin-based intracellular structure and are highly involved in numerous physiological processes, e.g., mechanotransduction and maintenance of cell morphology. Although it is widely accepted that variations in cell geometry interact with the distribution and localization of stress fibers, it remains unclear if there are underlying geometric principles between the cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton. Here we present a machine learning system, which uses the diffusion model, that can convert the cell shape to the distribution of stress fibers. By training with corresponding datasets of cell shape and stress fibers, our system learns the conversion to generate the stress fiber images from its corresponding cell shape. The predicted stress fiber distribution has good agreement with the experimental data, and the overlap region of predicted and experimentally observed stress fibers reaches 79.3 {+/-}12.4%. We then found some unknown natures such as a linear relation relationship between the stress fiber length and cell area. With this "installed" conversion relation between cellular morphology and corresponding stress fibers localization, our system could perform virtual experiments that provide a visual map showing the probability of stress fiber distribution from the virtual cell shape. Our system provides a powerful approach to seek further hidden geometric principles between the cell morphologies and actin cytoskeletons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deguchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsunaga, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.12.523863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Knowledge "installed" diffusion model predicts the geometry of actin cytoskeleton from cell morphology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.523253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic control of extra-cellular GABA drives circadian time-keeping in the suprachiasmatic nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.523253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master mammalian circadian clock. Its cell-autonomous timing mechanism, a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL), drives daily peaks of neuronal electrical activity. Intercellular signals synchronize and amplify TTFL and electrical rhythms across the circuit. SCN neurons are GABAergic, but the role of GABA in circuit-level time-keeping is unclear. SCN slices expressing the GABA sensor iGABASnFR demonstrate a circadian oscillation of extracellular GABA ([GABA]e) that, counter-intuitively, runs in antiphase to neuronal activity, peaking in circadian night. Resolving this paradox, we found that [GABA]e is regulated by GABA transporters (GATs), uptake peaking during circadian day. This is mediated by the circadian-regulated, astrocytically expressed GAT3 (Slc6a11). Clearance of [GABA]e in circadian day facilitates neuronal firing, neuropeptide release and TTFL rhythmicity. Moreover, genetic complementation demonstrated that the astrocytic TTFL can alone drive [GABA]e rhythms. Thus, astrocytic clocks maintain SCN circadian time-keeping by temporally controlling GABAergic inhibition of SCN neurons.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Patton, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McManus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chin, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hastings, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.523253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic control of extra-cellular GABA drives circadian time-keeping in the suprachiasmatic nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Does the territorial behaviour of the Amur tiger affect the accuracy of occupancy estimation? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.16.524338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1. Accurate estimates of wildlife distributions and population persistence are essential for conservation programs. Occupancy models that account for detection probability have been used to characterize the occupancy and habitat selection of imperilled species. However, failure to distinguish between true-presence and pseudo-presence associated with territorial behaviour can result in the overestimation of the occupancy probability of target species in unsuitable habitats, and this can have major implications for the development of conservation strategies.

2. For highly territorial wildlife species requiring high-quality habitat for survival, occasional  Presence in unsuitable areas might be related to dispersal or migration, but this does not reflect actual occupancy and habitat use.  True-Presence and  Pseudo-Presence should be distinguished for target species to better reflect their actual occupancy and habitat use.

3. To investigate the effect of  True-Presence and  Pseudo-Presence on wildlife occupancy estimation, we developed a modified model (Mm) that considers the territorial behaviour of the Amur tiger in northeast China, which distinguished between  True-Presence and  Pseudo-Presence. We compared two models, Mm and M0 (conventional occupancy model), and assessed model performance using goodness-of-fit evaluation, detection and occupancy probability, and favourable variable selection.

4. We found that Mm, which has fewer favourable variables, is more powerful than M0 for estimating detection and occupancy probability, as well as characterizing the effect of various factors on the habitat use of Amur tigers. Furthermore, Mm significantly reduced the overestimation of occupancy probability outside the home range compared with M0, and detection probability estimates did not significantly differ between M0 and Mm. Finally, Mm provided more empirical habitat selection variables for the Amur tiger.

5. Our results revealed how  True-Presence and  Pseudo-Presence affect the occupancy probability and habitat selection of Amur tigers. Our method improves the accuracy of occupancy models; it can also be used to characterize the habitat selection and distribution of wildlife species and be applied to other territorial species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.16.524338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Does the territorial behaviour of the Amur tiger affect the accuracy of occupancy estimation?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.22.525045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aurora B Kinase Dependent Phosphorylation of Keratin 8 is required for Cytokinesis in Mammalian Cells of Epithelial Origin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.22.525045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Keratins assemble into mechanically resilient polymers that physically stabilize epithelial cells. When epithelial cells divide, keratin polymers must be severed to allow cell separation during cytokinesis. Phosphorylation has been implicated in this process, but how keratins are regulated during cell division is not understood. Aurora-B kinase, which is part of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) accumulates at the cell center during cytokinesis and has been implicated in regulating intermediate filaments. We mapped six Aurora B kinase sites in Keratin 8. Phosphorylation of Keratin 8 at S34 occurred specifically at the cleavage furrow and persisted at the midzone until the completion of cytokinesis. Inhibition of Aurora B or expression of a non-phosphorylatable Keratin 8 mutant impaired keratin disassembly at the cleavage furrow. We propose that Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation promotes localized keratin filament disassembly at the cleavage furrow, allowing spatially regulated disassembly during cytokinesis. Aurora B binds to keratin filaments, and its localization to midzones was reduced in Keratin 8 knockout cells, showing that Keratin 8 facilitates Aurora B targeting during cytokinesis. This suggests a positive feedback cycle whereby Keratin 8 promotes midzone-localization of Aurora B and in turn, is locally disassembled by its kinase activity. This cycle is required for successful furrow ingression and completion of cell division in cancer cells of epithelial origin and might provide a target for solid tumor treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harmanda, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waide, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qureshi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesvizhskii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchison, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.22.525045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aurora B Kinase Dependent Phosphorylation of Keratin 8 is required for Cytokinesis in Mammalian Cells of Epithelial Origin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525138v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EDA2R/NIK signaling promotes skeletal muscle atrophy linked to cancer cachexia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525138v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a hallmark of the cachexia syndrome that is associated with poor survival and reduced quality of life in cancer patients1. Muscle atrophy involves excessive protein catabolism and loss of muscle mass and strength2. An effective therapy against muscle wasting is lacking as mechanisms driving the atrophy process remain incompletely understood. Our gene expression analysis in muscle tissues revealed upregulation of Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor (EDA2R) in tumor-bearing mice and cachectic cancer patients. Here we show that activation of EDA2R signaling promotes skeletal muscle atrophy. Stimulation of primary myotubes with EDA2R ligand, EDA-A2, triggered pronounced cellular atrophy via inducing the expression of muscle atrophy-related genes Atrogin1 and MuRF1. EDA-A2-driven myotube atrophy involved activation of the noncanonical NF{kappa}B pathway and depended on NIK kinase activity. While EDA-A2 overexpression induced muscle wasting in mice, the deletion of EDA2R or muscle NIK protected tumor-bearing mice from the loss of muscle mass and function. Tumor-induced Oncostatin M upregulated muscle EDA2R expression and muscle-specific Oncostatin M Receptor (OSMR) knockout mice were resistant to tumor-driven muscle wasting. Our results demonstrate that EDA2R/NIK signaling mediates cancer-associated muscle atrophy in an OSM/OSMR-dependent manner. Thus, therapeutic targeting of these pathways may be beneficial in preventing muscle loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bilgic, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domaniku, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toledo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weber, B. Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arabaci, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozornek, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lause, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thissen, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loumaye, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525138</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EDA2R/NIK signaling promotes skeletal muscle atrophy linked to cancer cachexia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating the effect of changes in model parameters on optimal control policies, time to absorption, and mixing times 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.23.525286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMany processes in biology and medicine have been modeled using Markov decision processes which provides a rich algorithmic theory for model analysis and optimal control. An optimal control problem for stochastic discrete systems consists of deriving a control policy that dictates how the system will move from one state to another such that the probability of reaching a desired state is maximized. In this paper, we focus on the class of Markov decision processes that is obtained by considering stochastic Boolean networks equipped with control actions. Here, we study the effect of changes in model parameters on optimal control policies. Specifically, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on optimal control policies for a Boolean model of the T-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL). For this model, we quantified how the choice of propensity parameters impacts the effectiveness of the optimal policy and then we provide thresholds at which the effectiveness is guaranteed. We also examined the effect on the optimal control policies of the level of noise that is usually added for simulations. Finally, we studied the effect on changes in the propensity parameters on the time to absorption and the mixing time for a Boolean model of the Repressilator.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plaugher, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murrugarra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.23.525286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating the effect of changes in model parameters on optimal control policies, time to absorption, and mixing times]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The RALF Signaling Pathway Regulates Cell Wall Integrity during Pollen Tube Growth in Maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.24.525389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autocrine signaling pathways regulated by RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTORs (RALFs) control cell wall integrity during pollen tube germination and growth in Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of pollen-specific RALFs in another plant species, we combined gene expression data with phylogenetic and biochemical studies to identify candidate orthologs in maize. We show that Clade IB ZmRALF2/3 mutants, but not that of Clade III ZmRALF1/5 caused cell wall instability in the sub-apical region of the growing pollen tube. ZmRALF2/3 are mainly located to the cell wall and are partially able to complement the pollen germination defect of their Arabidopsis orthologs AtRALF4/19. Mutations in ZmRALF2/3 compromise pectin distribution pattern leading to altered cell wall thickness, hyperphosphorylation of ZmPEX cell wall proteins and pollen tube burst. Clade IB, but not Clade III ZmRALFs are capable to interact with pollen-specific CrRLK1L receptor kinases ZmFERL4/7/9 and GPI-anchored co-receptors ZmLLG1/2 at similar binding affinities. In contrast, binding affinity to ZmPEX2/4 cell wall proteins is about five times higher. Based on these data, we now propose a dosage-dependent model showing how Clade IB RALFs act as extracellular sensors to regulate cell wall integrity and thickness during pollen tube growth in plants.

One sentence summaryPollen-specific RALFs interact at different binding affinities with receptor kinases, GPI-anchored proteins and cell wall proteins to regulate cell wall integrity during pollen tube growth in maize.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mergner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuster, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Längst, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dresselhaus, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.24.525389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The RALF Signaling Pathway Regulates Cell Wall Integrity during Pollen Tube Growth in Maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of human NaV1.6 channel reveals Na+ selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sodium channel NaV1.6 is widely expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. Dysfunction of NaV1.6 has been linked to epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and movement disorders. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human NaV1.6/{beta}1/{beta}2 alone and complexed with a guanidinium neurotoxin 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin (4,9-ah-TTX), revealing molecular mechanism of NaV1.6 inhibition by the blocker. In the apo-form structure, two potential Na+ binding sites were revealed in the selectivity filter, suggesting a possible mechanism for Na+ selectivity and conductance. In the 4,9-ah-TTX-bound structure, 4,9-ah-TTX binds to a pocket similar to the tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding site, which occupies the Na+ binding sites and completely blocks the channel. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that subtle conformational differences in the selectivity filter affect the affinity of TTX analogues. Taken together, our results provide important insights into NaV1.6 structure, ion conductance, and inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of human NaV1.6 channel reveals Na+ selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activated Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.26.525658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Progressive weakness and muscle loss are associated with multiple chronic conditions including muscular dystrophy and cancer. Cancer-associated cachexia, characterized by dramatic weight loss and fatigue, leads to reduced quality of life and poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in muscle atrophy, however, available anti-cytokine therapies failed to prevent muscle wasting in cancer patients. We previously reported that muscle-specific deletion of the Oncostatin M (OSM) receptor (OSMR) preserved muscle mass and function in tumor-bearing mice. Here, we show that OSM is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy. OSM triggers cellular atrophy in primary myotubes utilizing the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Identification of OSM targets by RNA sequencing revealed the induction of various muscle atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1. OSM overexpression in mice caused muscle wasting while the neutralization of circulating OSM protected from tumor-driven loss of muscle mass and function. Our results indicate that activated OSM/OSMR signaling drives muscle atrophy, and the therapeutic targeting of this pathway may be useful in preventing muscle wasting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Domaniku, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toledo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgic, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashgari, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.26.525658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activated Oncostatin M signaling drives cancer-associated skeletal muscle wasting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perturbation Variability Does Not Influence Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.525949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cerebellar-dependent implicit adaptation has been regarded as a rigid process that automatically operates in response to movement errors in order to keep the sensorimotor system calibrated. This hypothesis has been challenged by recent evidence suggesting flexibility in this learning process. One compelling line of evidence comes from work suggesting that this form of learning is context-dependent, with the rate of learning modulated by error history. Specifically, learning was attenuated in the presence of perturbations exhibiting high variance compared to when the perturbation is fixed. However, these findings are confounded by the fact that the adaptation system corrects for errors of different magnitudes in a non-linear manner, with the adaptive response increasing in a proportional manner to small errors and saturating to large errors. Through simulations, we show that this non-linear motor correction function is sufficient to explain the effect of perturbation variance without referring to an experience-dependent change in error sensitivity. Moreover, by controlling the distribution of errors experienced during training, we provide empirical evidence showing that there is no measurable effect of perturbation variance on implicit adaptation. As such, we argue that the evidence to date remains consistent with the rigidity assumption.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avraham, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsay, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abram, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.27.525949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perturbation Variability Does Not Influence Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Depletion-assisted multiplexing cell-free RNA sequencing reveals distinct human and microbial signatures in plasma versus extracellular vesicle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-free long RNAs in human plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as biomarkers in liquid biopsy, despite their fragmented nature. To investigate these fragmented cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), we developed a cost-effective cfRNA sequencing method called DETECTOR-seq (depletion-assisted multiplexed cell-free total RNA sequencing). DETECTOR-seq utilized a meticulously tailored set of customized guide RNAs to remove large amounts of unwanted RNAs (i.e., fragmented ribosomal and mitochondrial RNAs) in human plasma. Early barcoding strategy was implemented to reduce costs and minimize plasma requirements. Using DETECTOR-seq, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of cell-free transcriptomes in both whole human plasma and EVs. Our analysis revealed discernible distributions of RNA types in plasma and EVs. Plasma exhibited pronounced enrichment in structured circular RNAs, tRNAs, Y RNAs, and viral RNAs, while EVs showed enrichment in mRNAs and srpRNAs. Functional pathway analysis highlighted RNA splicing-related ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and antimicrobial humoral response genes in plasma, while EVs demonstrated enrichment in transcriptional activity, cell migration, and antigen receptor-mediated immune signals. Our study indicates the comparable potential of cfRNAs from whole plasma and EVs in distinguishing cancer patients (i.e., colorectal and lung cancer) from healthy donors. And microbial cfRNAs in plasma showed potential in classifying specific cancer types. Our comprehensive analysis of total and EV cfRNAs in paired plasma samples provides valuable insights for determining the need for EV purification in cfRNA-based studies. We envision the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of DETECTOR-seq will empower transcriptome-wide investigations in the fields of extracellular vesicles and liquid biopsy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Depletion-assisted multiplexing cell-free RNA sequencing reveals distinct human and microbial signatures in plasma versus extracellular vesicle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526431v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell-free multi-omics analysis reveals tumor status-informative signatures in gastrointestinal cancer patients' plasma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.31.526431v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During cancer development, hosts tumorigenesis and immune signals are released to and informed by circulating molecules, like cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and RNA (cfRNA) in blood. However, these two kinds of molecules are still not systematically compared in gastrointestinal cancer. Here, we profiled 4 types of cell-free omics data from colorectal and stomach cancer patients, and assayed 15 types of genomic, epi-genomic, and transcriptomic variations. First, we demonstrated that the multi-omics data were more capable of detecting cancer genes than the single-omics data, where cfRNAs were more sensitive and informative than cfDNAs in terms of detection ratio, variation type, altered number, and enriched functional pathway. Moreover, we revealed several peripheral immune signatures that were suppressed in cancer patients and originated from specific circulating and tumor-microenvironment cells. Particularly, we defined a {gamma}{delta}-T-cell score and a cancer-associated-fibroblast (CAF) score using the cfRNA-seq data of 143 cancer patients. They were informative of clinical status like cancer stage, tumor size, and survival. In summary, our work reveals the cell-free multi-molecular landscape of colorectal and stomach cancer, and provides a potential monitoring utility in blood for the personalized cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.01.31.526431</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell-free multi-omics analysis reveals tumor status-informative signatures in gastrointestinal cancer patients' plasma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Imaging Microglia Surveillance during Sleep-wake Cycles in Freely Behaving Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.03.527083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia surveillance manifests itself as dynamic changes in cell morphology and functional remodeling. Whether and how microglia surveillance is coupled to brain state switches during natural sleep-wake cycles remain unclear. To address this question, we used miniature two-photon microscopy (mTPM) to acquire time-lapse high-resolution microglia images of the somatosensory cortex, along with EEG/EMG recordings and behavioral video, in freely-behaving mice. We uncovered fast and robust brain state-dependent changes in microglia surveillance, occurring in parallel with sleep dynamics and early-onset phagocytic microglial contraction during sleep deprivation stress. We also detected local norepinephrine fluctuation occurring in a sleep state-dependent manner. We showed that the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system, which is crucial to sleep homeostasis, is required for both sleep state-dependent and stress-induced microglial responses and {beta}2-adrenergic receptor signaling plays a significant role in this process. These results provide direct evidence that microglial surveillance is exquisitely tuned to signals and stressors that regulate sleep dynamics and homeostasis so as to adjust its varied roles to complement those of neurons in the brain. In vivo imaging with mTPM in freely behaving animals, as demonstrated here, opens a new avenue for future investigation of microglia dynamics and sleep biology in freely behaving animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.03.527083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Imaging Microglia Surveillance during Sleep-wake Cycles in Freely Behaving Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Underlying driving forces of the SARS-CoV-2 evolution: immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.06.527236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by the emergence of new variants with a sheer number of mutations compared to their predecessors, which conferred resistance to pre-existing antibodies and/or increased transmissibility. The recently emerged Omicron subvariants also exhibit a strong tendency for immune evasion, suggesting adaptive evolution. However, previous studies have been limited to specific lineages or subsets of mutations, the overall evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying driving forces are still not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the mutations present in all open-access SARS-CoV-2 genomes (until November 2022) and correlated the mutations incidence and fitness change with its impact on immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity. Our results showed that the Omicron lineage had an accelerated mutation rate in the RBD region, while the mutation incidence in other genomic regions did not change dramatically over time. Moreover, mutations in the RBD region (but not in any other genomic regions) exhibited a lineage-specific pattern and tended to become more aggregated over time, and the mutation incidence was positively correlated with the strength of antibody pressure on the specific position. Additionally, the incidence of mutation was also positively correlated with changes in ACE2 binding affinity, but with a lower correlation coefficient than with immune evasion. In contrast, the mutations effect on fitness was more closely correlated with changes in ACE2 binding affinity than immune evasion. In conclusion, our results suggest that immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity play significant and diverse roles in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.06.527236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Underlying driving forces of the SARS-CoV-2 evolution: immune evasion and ACE2 binding affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A small molecule cocktail for robust induction of blood-brain barrier properties 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.09.527899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models derived from human stem cells are powerful tools to improve our understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and to facilitate drug development for the human brain. Yet providing stem cell-derived endothelial cells with the right signaling cues to acquire BBB characteristics while also retaining their vascular identity remains challenging. Here, we show that the simultaneous activation of cyclic AMP and Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling, and inhibition of the TGF-{beta} pathway in endothelial cells robustly induce BBB properties in vitro. To target this novel interaction, we present a small molecule cocktail named cARLA, which synergistically enhances barrier tightness in a range of BBB models across species. Mechanistically, we reveal that the three pathways converge on Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling to mediate the effect of cARLA via the tight junction protein claudin-5. We demonstrate that cARLA shifts the gene expressional profile of human stem cell-derived endothelial cells towards the in vivo brain endothelial signature, with a higher glycocalyx density and efflux pump activity, lower rates of endocytosis and a characteristic endothelial response to proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, we illustrate how cARLA can improve the predictive value of human BBB models regarding the brain penetration of drugs and targeted nanoparticles. Due to its synergistic effect, high reproducibility and ease of use, cARLA has the potential to advance drug development for the human brain by improving BBB models across laboratories.

Significance StatementThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinders drug delivery to the brain and is implicated in neurological diseases. To better understand these processes in humans, there is a need for culture models that mimic the complexity of the BBB. However, state-of-the-art human BBB models either suffer from a non-physiological, mixed epithelial-endothelial identity or have weak barrier tightness, which greatly limits their usability. We identified a molecule combination that synergistically enhances barrier tightness in several in vitro models and induces complex BBB properties in human stem cell-derived endothelial cells by targeting a novel link between three signaling pathways. The molecule combination has the potential to improve BBB culture models across laboratories to advance both basic research and drug development for the human brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Porkolab, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meszaros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szecsko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigh, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walter, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figueiredo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalomista, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vizsnyiczai, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosselet, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vastag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veszelka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deli, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.09.527899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A small molecule cocktail for robust induction of blood-brain barrier properties]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.527605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective effect of plasma neutralization from prior SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection against BA.5 subvariant symptomatic reinfection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.14.527605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From December 2022 to January 2023, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections caused by BA.5 and BF.7 subvariants of B.1.1.529 (Omicron) swept across mainland China. It is crucial to estimate the protective effect of the neutralizing antibodies generated by such mass infections against the next potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection wave, especially if driven by CH.1.1 or XBB.1.5. Previously, we recruited and continuously followed a cohort of individuals that experienced Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 breakthrough infections, as well as a control cohort with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the previously uninfected cohort, the total symptomatic infection rate surveyed during the outbreak was 91.6%, while the symptomatic reinfection rate was 32.9%, 10.5%, and 2.8% among individuals with prior Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 infection, respectively, with median intervals between infections of 335, 225 and 94 days. Pseudovirus neutralization assays were performed in plasma samples collected from previously Omicron BA.1-infected individuals approximately 3 months before the outbreak. Results indicate a robust correlation between the plasma neutralizing antibody titers and the protective effect against symptomatic reinfection. The geometric mean of the 50% neutralizing titers (NT50) against D614G, BA.5, and BF.7 were 2.0, 2.5, and 2.3-fold higher in individuals without symptomatic reinfection than in those with symptomatic reinfection (p < 0.01). Low plasma neutralizing antibody titer (below the geometric mean of NT50) was associated with an enhanced cumulative risk of symptomatic reinfection, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 23.55 (95% CI: 9.23-60.06) against BF.7 subvariant. Importantly, neutralizing antibodies titers post one month after BF.7/BA.5 breakthrough infections against CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 are similar to that against BF.7 from individuals with prior BA.1 infection while not experiencing a symptomatic BF.7/BA.5 reinfection (plasma collected 3 months before the outbreak), suggesting that the humoral immunity generated by the current BF.7/BA.5 breakthrough infection may provide protection against CH.1.1 and XBB.1.5 symptomatic reinfection wave for 4 months. Of note, the higher hACE2 binding of XBB.1.5 may reduce the protection period since the potential increase of infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.14.527605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective effect of plasma neutralization from prior SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection against BA.5 subvariant symptomatic reinfection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Core Role of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.15.528612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex causes and recurrent attacks that can easily develop into chronic arthritis. Our study aims to elucidate potential mechanism among control, new-onset RA (NORA) and chronic RA (CRA) with multi-omics analysis.

MethodsA total of 162 subjects were included in our study, 121 subjects were used for 16S rRNA, ITS sequencing and metabolomics analysis and 41 subjects were used for transcriptomics analysis. Enrichment analysis was based on significant difference metabolites and genes. Protein-protein interaction network and correlation analyses were performed to interpret the interactions among intestinal flora, metabolites and genes. We applied three models to distinguish between NORA and CRA using computational OR values, LASSO and random forest, respectively.

ResultsOur results demonstrated intestinal flora disturbance in RA development, with significantly increased abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Proteobacteria in NORA. We also found that the diversity was significantly reduced in CRA compared to NORA through fungi analysis. Moreover, we identified 28 differential metabolites between NORA and CRA. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant dysregulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism pathways in RA patients. Next, we identified 40 differentially expressed genes between NORA and CRA, which acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) was the core gene and significantly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Correlation analysis showed a strong negatively correlation between glycerophosphocholine and inflammatory characteristics.

ConclusionsThese findings revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism plays a crucial role in the development and progression of RA, providing new ideas for early clinical diagnosis and optimizing treatment strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.15.528612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Core Role of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world's most trafficked wild mammals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pangolins form a group of scaly mammals that are trafficked at record numbers for their meat and medicinal properties. Despite their great conservation concern, knowledge of their evolution is limited by a paucity of genomic data. We aim to produce exhaustive genomic resources that include 3 238 orthologous genes and whole-genome polymorphisms to assess the evolution of all eight pangolin species. Robust orthologous gene-based phylogenies recovered the monophyly of the three genera of pangolins, and highlighted the existence of an undescribed species closely related to South-East Asian pangolins. Signatures of middle Miocene admixture between an extinct, possibly European, lineage and the ancestor of South-East Asian pangolins, provides new insights into the early evolutionary history of the group. Demographic trajectories and genome-wide heterozygosity estimates revealed contrasts between continental vs. island populations and species lineages, suggesting that conservation planning should consider intra-specific patterns. With the expected loss of genomic diversity from recent, extensive trafficking not yet been realized in pangolins, we recommend that populations are genetically surveyed to anticipate any deleterious impact of the illegal trade. Finally, we produce a complete set of genomic resources that will be integral for future conservation management and forensic endeavors required for conserving pangolins, including tracing their illegal trade. These include the completion of whole-genomes for pangolins through the first reference genome with long reads for the giant pangolin (Smutsia gigantea) and new draft genomes (~43x-77x) for four additional species, as well as a database of orthologous genes with over 3.4 million polymorphic sites.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Heighton, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allio, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murienne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salmona, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scornavacca, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastos, A. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Njiokou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietersen, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tilak, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delsuc, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaubert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world's most trafficked wild mammals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528810v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and regulates centriole integrity and ciliogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.16.528810v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrioles are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based organelles critical to form centrosomes and cilia, which act as microtubule-organizing, signaling and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size and architecture are crucial for their functions during development and physiology. Consequently, their deregulation causes developmental disorders and cancer. Although centriole number control has been extensively studied, less is known about how centrioles are maintained as stable structures with conserved size and architecture over successive cell divisions and upon ciliary and flagellar motility. Here, we addressed this question by identifying and characterizing new components of the centriole inner scaffold, a recently discovered centriolar sub-compartment critical for centriole size control and integrity. To this end, we generated proximity interactomes of Centrin-2 and POC5 and used them to define CCDC15 as a new centriolar protein that co-localizes and interacts with known inner scaffold proteins. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy analysis of CCDC15-depleted cells revealed its functions in centriole length control and integrity, resulting in defective ciliogenesis and Hedgehog signaling. Loss-of-function experiments also defined CCDC15 as a dual regulator for the recruitment of the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin complex to the centrioles. Together, our findings uncovered new players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and thereby, provide insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arslanhan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steib, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamel, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guichard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.16.528810</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and regulates centriole integrity and ciliogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.529096v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extruding transcription elongation loops observed in high-resolution single-cell 3D genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.18.529096v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inside human nuclei, genes are transcribed within a highly packed genome, whose organization is facilitated by cohesin-mediated loop extrusion. However, whether cohesin-mediated loop extrusion participates in transcription is unknown. Here we report that the cohesin-mediated loop extrusion participates in transcription by forming a topoisomerases-regulated transcription elongation loop (TEL), in which cohesin is stalled at the transcription start site (TSS) and gradually extrudes loops asymmetrically until reaching the transcription termination site (TTS). By improving the spatial resolution of single-cell 3D genome mapping to 5 kb with micrococcal nuclease (MNase) in our new single-cell Micro-C (scMicro-C) method, we directly observed the loop expansion of TELs. Furthermore, TELs biological function is to ensure high transcriptional burst frequencies by fast re-initiation of RNA Pol II.

One-Sentence SummarySingle-cell high-resolution 3D genome structures reveal that cohesin-mediated loop extrusion participates in transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.18.529096</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extruding transcription elongation loops observed in high-resolution single-cell 3D genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hippocampal replay facilitates the formation of entorhinal grid cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.19.529130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Experience replay, characterized by the sequential reactivation of hippocampal place cells, has been proposed to consolidate past experiences and simulate future scenarios, thereby constructing cognitive maps to guide action. However, the role of experience replay in the formation of hexagonal patterns of entorhinal grid cells - known to serve as the metrics of cognitive map - remains largely unknown. Here, we used continuous attractor models to simulate the formation of multi-scale hexagonal patterns, and investigated the regularity of generated patterns by directly modulating experience replay of hippocampal place cells in awake state. We found that reverse replay significantly increased the regularity of small-scale hexagonal patterns compared to conditions with no replay, forward replay, and shuffled replay of past experiences. In contrast, large-scale hexagonal patterns emerged spontaneously, independent of experience replay. Further analysis revealed that the efficiency of reverse replay in hexagonal pattern formation was influenced by the interaction between grid scales and the amount of past experience. Specifically, reverse replay maintained excitatory and inhibitory grid cell activity during pattern translation when the amount of past experience was limited, making it particularly efficient for the rapid formation of small-scale hexagonal patterns. In summary, our results suggest a potential link between experience replay and the formation of multi-scale hexagonal patterns from a computational perspective. These findings may provide insights into the role of grid cell signals in visual attention and the rapid adaptation of hexagonal patterns in scene transition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.19.529130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hippocampal replay facilitates the formation of entorhinal grid cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Similarity in Functional Connectome Architecture Predicts Teenage Grit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.23.529637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Grit is a personality trait that encapsulates the tendency to persevere and maintain consistent interest for long-term goals. While prior studies found that grit predicts positive behavioral outcomes, there is a paucity of work providing explanatory evidence from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Based on previous research suggesting the utility of the functional connectome as a developmental measure, we tested the idea that individual differences in grit might be, in part, rooted in brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood (N = 64, 11-19 years of age). Our analysis showed that grit was associated with connectome stability across conditions and connectome similarity across individuals. Notably, inter-subject representational similarity analysis revealed that teenagers who were grittier shared similar functional connectome architecture with each other, more so than those with lower grit. Our findings suggest that gritty individuals are more likely to follow a specific neurodevelopmental trajectory, which may underpin subsequent beneficial behavioral outcomes.

Statement of RelevanceMaintaining consistent effort and passion for long-term, personally meaningful goals - often referred to as grit - is suggested to be associated with a wide range of positive outcomes such as academic achievement, career success and subjective well-being. Although grit has gained substantial amount of interest not only in the academia but also from the general population, only a handful of studies have examined its neural underpinnings. Here, we examined whether putative developmental measures using whole-brain functional connectivity patterns (i.e., functional connectome) explain individual differences in grit. Using publicly available developmental neuroimaging dataset ranging from early adolescence to emerging adulthood, we found that functional connectome stability within individuals and similarity between individuals uniquely explained self-reported grit. Confirmatory analyses demonstrated the existence of common neural representations shared among gritty teenagers, which were unveiled during movie-watching. These findings highlight that grit may be embedded in the functional connectome architecture during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.23.529637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Similarity in Functional Connectome Architecture Predicts Teenage Grit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High immigration rates critical for establishing emigration-driven diversity in microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.24.529875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Unraveling the mechanisms governing the diversity of ecological communities is a central goal in ecology. While microbial dispersal (including the emigration and immigration process) constitutes an important ecological process, the coupling effects of dispersal and microbial competition in microbial diversity are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how microbial dispersal affects the diversity of microbial communities in the presence of inter-species competition, using a generalized Lotka-Volterra model in combination with experimental investigations. Our model shows that emigration reduces the diversity induced by immigration at low immigration rates. We surprisingly find that it increases the diversity of the community when the immigration rates cross a defined threshold, which we identified as Ineutral. We also found that at high immigration rates, emigration weakens the relative abundance of fast-growing species, and thus enhances the mass effect and increases the diversity. We experimentally confirmed this finding using cocultures of 20 bacterial strains isolated from the soil. Our model further showed that Ineutral exists over a wide range of species pool sizes, growth rates, and interspecies interactions, and decreases with the increasing of species pool size, growth rate, and interspecies interaction. Our work deepens the understanding of the effects of dispersal on diversity of natural communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.24.529875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High immigration rates critical for establishing emigration-driven diversity in microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Characterization of TRAF6 N-terminal for Therapeutic Uses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.25.529911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factors (TRAFs) are a protein family with a wide variety of roles and binding partners. Among them, TRAF6, a ubiquitin ligase, possesses unique receptor binding specificity and shows diverse functions in immune system regulation, cellular signaling, central nervous system (CNS), and tumor formation. TRAF6 consists of an N-terminal Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, multiple zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain. RING domain and zinc fingers mediate the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-{kappa}B), which has essential roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses, proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Therefore, it has been found that TRAF6 is overexpressed in various types of cancer including pancreatic, liver, lung, head and neck, breast, colorectal cancers, and melanoma along with inflammatory, autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, TRAF6 is an important therapeutic target for numerous disorders and structural studies of this protein are crucial for the development of next-generation therapeutics. Here, we present a TRAF6 N-terminal structure determined at the Turkish Light Source "Turkish DeLight" to 2.6 [A] resolution at cryogenic temperature. This structure offers insight into the domain organization and zinc-binding, which are critical for protein function. Since the RING domain and the zinc fingers are key targets for TRAF6 therapeutics, structural insights are crucial for future research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tateishi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koga, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radwan, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sever, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, J.-i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otsuka, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.25.529911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Characterization of TRAF6 N-terminal for Therapeutic Uses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NuSAP participates in metaphase spindle length control in mammalians 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise chromosome congression and segregation require proper assembly of a steady-state metaphase spindle, which is dynamic and maintained by continuous microtubule flux. NuSAP is a microtubule-stabilizing and -bundling protein that promotes chromosomedependent spindle assembly. However, its function in spindle dynamics remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that NuSAP regulates the dynamics and length control of the metaphase spindle. Mechanistically, NuSAP facilitates kinetochore capture and spindle assembly via promoting Eg5 binding with microtubules. It also prevents excessive microtubule depolymerization through interacting with Kif2A and reduces its spindle-pole localization. NuSAP is phosphorylated by Aurora A at Ser-240 during mitosis, and this phosphorylation promotes its interaction with Kif2A on the spindle body and reduces its localization to the spindle poles, thus maintaining the proper spindle microtubule flux. NuSAP knockout resulted in shorter spindle formation with faster microtubule flux and chromosome misalignment. Taken together, we uncover that NuSAP participates in spindle assembly, dynamics, and metaphase spindle length control via affecting microtubule flux and Kif2A localization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.26.530101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NuSAP participates in metaphase spindle length control in mammalians]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530128v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Keystone taxa responsible for the microbial community stability and performance of activated sludges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.02.26.530128v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe functions and stability of a community depend on its species, which form complex interaction networks. The keystone taxa identified by network analysis are generally considered to play a vital role in the structure and function of microbial communities, but there is no uniformly accepted operational definition of such taxa. Further, what species and how they affect the communitys stability and function are still poorly understood.

MethodsTo solve this problem, we performed a large-scale network analysis of the microbial communities residing in 1186 activated sludge (AS) samples.

ResultsWe found that the AS co-occurrence network is a typical scale-free network. While most taxa in the AS co-occurrence network have little association, there are still a small number of taxa that are strongly interconnected. We defined a group of keystone taxa that have an important impact on network stability. Further analysis results indicate that the communities harboring the keystone taxa maintain higher stability, but these communities possess lower pollutant removal rates. In addition, we found that keystone taxa were more likely to appear in samples with lower sludge load.

ConclusionsOur work identified the keystone taxa that maintain the stability of microbial communities in the AS systems but at the cost of reducing their function. This finding shed light on the relationship between composition, stability, and function within microbial communities. It also provides novel insights into manipulating the function of microbial communities by modifying their composition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.02.26.530128</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Keystone taxa responsible for the microbial community stability and performance of activated sludges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noise-robust, physical microscopic deconvolution algorithm enabled by multi-resolution analysis regularization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.02.530744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the grand advances in fluorescence microscopy, the photon budget of fluorescent molecules remains the fundamental limiting factor for major imaging parameters, such as temporal resolution, duration, contrast, and even spatial resolution. Computational methods can strategically utilize the fluorescence photons against the imaging noise, to break the abovementioned limits. Here, we propose a multi-resolution analysis (MRA) approach to recharacterize and extract the two main characteristics of fluorescence images: (1) high contrast across the edge, and (2) high continuity along the edge. By regularizing the solution using framelet and curvelet domain sparsity, we develop MRA deconvolution algorithm for fluorescence image, which allows fine detail recovery even with negative signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and can provide more than 2-fold physical resolution enhancement with conspicuously fewer artifacts than maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods. Furthermore, we develop DeepMRA deconvolution algorithm that can provide computational background inhibition through a bias thresholding mechanism while deconvolving a fluorescence image. Compared with conventional background mitigation schemes, this novel deconvolution canonical form can deal with severer background and better preserve the high-frequency and low-intensity details, which are commonly disrupted by other algorithms. We demonstrate that the MRA and DeepMRA deconvolution algorithms can improve the SNR and resolution of biological images in various microscopies, such as wide-field, confocal, spinning-disk confocal (SD-confocal), light-sheet, structured illumination microscopy (SIM), and stimulated excitation depletion (STED) microscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.02.530744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noise-robust, physical microscopic deconvolution algorithm enabled by multi-resolution analysis regularization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.03.530998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrated single-cell analysis defines the epigenetic basis of castration-resistant prostate luminal cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.03.530998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding prostate response to castration and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) is critical to improving long-term prostate cancer (PCa) patient survival. Here we use a multi-omics approach on 229,794 single cells to create a mouse single-cell reference atlas better suited to interpreting mouse prostate biology and castration response. Our reference atlas refines single-cell annotations and provides chromatin context, which, when coupled with mouse lineage tracing demonstrates that the castration-resistant luminal cells are distinct from the pre-existent urethra- proximal stem/progenitor cells. Molecular pathway analysis and therapeutic studies further implicate JUN/FOS, WNT/{beta}-Catenin, FOXQ1, NF{kappa}B, and JAK/STAT pathways as the major drivers of castration- resistant luminal populations with high relevance to human PCa. Importantly, we demonstrate the utility of our datasets, which can be explored through an interactive portal (https://visportal.roswellpark.org/data/tang/), to aid in developing novel combination treatments with ARSI for advanced PCa patients.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=164 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/530998v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kirk, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosario, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puzanov, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatta, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wrana, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.03.530998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrated single-cell analysis defines the epigenetic basis of castration-resistant prostate luminal cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.03.531053v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmacological characterization of the endocannabinoid sensor GRABeCB2.0 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.03.531053v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe endocannabinoids (eCBs), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamine (AEA), are produced by separate enzymatic pathways, activate cannabinoid receptors with distinct pharmacology, and differentially regulate pathophysiological processes. The genetically encoded sensor, GRABeCB2.0, detects real-time changes in eCB levels in cells in culture and preclinical model systems; however, its activation by eCB analogues produced by cells and by phyto-cannabinoids remains uncharacterized, a current limitation when interpreting changes in its response. This information could provide additional utility for the tool in in vivo pharmacology studies of phyto-cannabinoid action.

MethodsGRABeCB2.0 was expressed in cultured HEK293 cells. Live cell confocal microscopy and high-throughput fluorescent signal measurements.

Results2-AG increased GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal (EC50 = 85 nM), and the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist, SR141617, decreased GRABeCB2.0 signal (SR1, IC50 = 3.3 nM), responses that mirror their known potencies at cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1R). GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal also increased in response to AEA (EC50 = 815 nM), the eCB analogues 2-linoleoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-LG and 2-OG, EC50s = 1.5 and 1.0 M, respectively), {Delta}9-tetrahydrocannabinol ({Delta}9-THC) and{Delta} 8-THC (EC50s = 1.6 and 2.0 M, respectively), and the artificial CB1R agonist, CP55,940 (CP, EC50 = 82 nM); however their potencies were less than what has been described at CB1R. Cannabidiol (CBD) did not affect basal GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal and yet reduced the 2-AG stimulated GRABeCB2.0 responses (IC50 = 8.8 nM).

Conclusions2-AG and SR1 modulate the GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal with EC50s that mirror their potencies at CB1R whereas AEA, eCB analogues, THC and CP increase GRABeCB2.0 fluorescent signal with EC50s significantly lower than their potencies at CB1R. CBD reduces the 2-AG response without affecting basal signal, suggesting that GRABeCB2.0 retains the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) property of CBD at CB1R. This study describes the pharmacological profile of GRABeCB2.0 to improve interpretation of changes in fluorescent signal in response to a series of known eCBs and CB1R ligands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarroza, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGrory, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Land, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stella, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.03.531053</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmacological characterization of the endocannabinoid sensor GRABeCB2.0]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Slow but Steady NanoLuc: R162A mutation results in a decreased, but stable, NanoLuc activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.05.531182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NanoLuc (NLuc) luciferase has found extensive application in designing a range of biological assays including gene expression analysis, protein-protein interaction and protein conformational changes due to its enhanced brightness and small size. However, questions related to its mechanism of interaction with the substrate, furimazine, as well as bioluminescence activity remains elusive. Here, we combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and mutational analysis to show that the R162A mutation results in a decreased but stable bioluminescence activity of NLuc in vitro. Specifically, we performed multiple, all-atom, explicit solvent MD simulations of the apo and furimazine-docked (holo) NLuc structures revealing differential dynamics of the protein in the absence and presence of the ligand. Further, analysis of trajectories for hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) formed between NLuc and furimazine revealed substantial H-bond interaction between R162 and Q32 residues. Mutation of the two residues in NLuc revealed a decreased but stable activity of the R162A, but not Q32A, mutant NLuc in in vitro assays performed with furimazine. In addition to highlighting the role of the R162 residue in NLuc activity, we believe that the mutant NLuc will find wide application in designing in vitro assays requiring extended monitoring of NLuc bioluminescence activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geethakumari, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sultana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatima, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philip, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasiruddin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.05.531182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Slow but Steady NanoLuc: R162A mutation results in a decreased, but stable, NanoLuc activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially Resolved Proteomic Profiling Uncovers Structural and Functional Regulators of the Axon Initial Segment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal compartment required for action potential generation and neuronal polarity. However, understanding the mechanisms regulating AIS structure and function has been hindered by an incomplete knowledge of its molecular composition. Here, using immuno-proximity biotinylation we further define the AIS proteome and its dynamic changes during neuronal maturation. Among the many AIS proteins identified, we show that SCRIB is highly enriched in the AIS both in vitro and in vivo, and exhibits a periodic architecture like the axonal spectrin-based cytoskeleton. We found that ankyrinG interacts with and recruits SCRIB to the AIS. However, loss of SCRIB has no effect on ankyrinG. This powerful and flexible approach further defines the AIS proteome and provides a rich resource to elucidate the mechanisms regulating AIS structure and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasband, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially Resolved Proteomic Profiling Uncovers Structural and Functional Regulators of the Axon Initial Segment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct activation mechanisms of β-arrestin 1 revealed by 19F NMR spectroscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.06.531433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}-Arrestins ({beta}arrs) are functionally versatile proteins that play critical roles in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. While the classical theory of GPCR-mediated {beta}arr activation centers around the formation of a stable complex between {beta}arr and the phosphorylated receptor tail, emerging evidences highlight the indispensable contribution from membrane lipids for many receptors. Due to the intrinsic complexity of {beta}arr conformational dynamics, detailed molecular mechanisms of its activation by different binding partners remain elusive. Herein we present a comprehensive study of the structural changes of {beta}arr1 in critical structural regions during activation using 19F NMR method. We demonstrate that phosphopeptides derived from different classes of GPCRs show distinct abilities in inducing {beta}arr1 activation. We further show that the membrane phosphoinositide PIP2 independently modulates {beta}arr1 conformational dynamics without displacing its autoinhibitory carboxyl tail, leading to a distinct partially activated state. Our results delineate two activation mechanisms of {beta}arr1 by different binding partners, uncovering a highly multifaceted conformational energy landscape for this protein family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.06.531433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct activation mechanisms of β-arrestin 1 revealed by 19F NMR spectroscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coordinated transformation of object representations across human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.07.531635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our brain constructs increasingly sophisticated representations along the ventral visual pathway to support object recognition. To understand how these representations unfold over time, we recorded human intracranial electroencephalography responses to 120 object images at five consecutive stages of the ventral pathway from V1 to occipitotemporal areas. Using representational similarity analysis, we confirmed that response patterns were more strongly driven by low-order stimulus properties at early stages and high-order category information at late stages, respectively. Interestingly, response patterns also became less stimulus-driven and more categorical at all stages over time, from [~]100 to 200 ms post-stimulus. During this period, we found significant noise correlation between single-trial response patterns across stages, indicating tight inter-areal coupling. Thus, multi-areal recurrent processes may be essential in building high-order object representations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HONG, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.07.531635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coordinated transformation of object representations across human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ambient temperature crystal structure of Escherichia coli CyaY protein displays alternate conformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.08.531761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Frataxin is a 23 KDa mitochondrial iron-binding protein that is involved in biogenesis of iron sulfur clusters. A deficiency in frataxin leads to Friedreichs ataxia, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The bacterial ortholog of eukaryotic mitochondrial frataxin, CyaY, is thought to play a role in iron sulfur cluster assembly as an iron supplier, making it an important target for study. Here, we present the first ambient temperature crystal structure of CyaY protein from Escherichia coli, obtained using the Turkish Light Source "Turkish DeLight". This study reveals the dynamic structural characteristics of CyaY at near-physiological temperature and displays an alternate conformation, highlighting the importance of temperature considerations in protein structure characterization and providing new insights into the proteins flexibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baldir, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.08.531761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ambient temperature crystal structure of Escherichia coli CyaY protein displays alternate conformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topographical similarity of cortical thickness represents generalized anxiety symptoms in adolescence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common condition characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry. Despite increasing efforts to identify the neural underpinnings of GAD, neuroimaging research using cortical thickness have yielded largely inconsistent results. To address this, we adopted an inter-subject representational similarity analysis framework and utilized a sample of 120 adolescents (13 to 18 years of age) from the Healthy Brain Network dataset. We found greater topographical resemblance among participants with heightened generalized anxiety symptoms in the left caudal anterior cingulate and pericalcarine cortex. Such associations were not observed when including a group of younger participants (11 to 12 years of age), highlighting the importance of age range selection when considering the link between cortical thickness and anxiety. Our findings reveal a novel cortical thickness topography that represents generalized anxiety in adolescents, which is embedded within the shared geometries between generalized anxiety symptoms and cortical thickness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topographical similarity of cortical thickness represents generalized anxiety symptoms in adolescence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Debottlenecking and reformulating feed media for improved CHO cell growth and titer by data-driven and model-guided analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.09.531884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designing and selecting cell culture media and feed are a key strategy to maximize culture performance in industrial biopharmaceutical processes. However, this is a major challenge for therapeutic proteins production since mammalian cells are very sensitive to their culture environment and require specific nutritional needs to grow and produce high-quality proteins such as antibodies. In this regard, in our previous study, we developed data-driven and in-silico model-guided systematic framework to investigate the effect of growth media on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance, allowing us to design a new media formulation. To expand our exploration to feed, in this study, we evaluated two chemically defined feed media, A and B, in Ambr15 bioreactor runs using a monoclonal antibody-producing CHO K1 cell line. The feeds had a significant impact on cell growth, longevity, viability, and productivity and toxic metabolites production. Specifically, concentrated feed A was not sufficient to support prolonged cell culture and high titer compared to feed B. The framework systematically characterized the major metabolic bottlenecks in the TCA cycle and its related amino acid transferase reactions, and identified key design components, such as asparagine, aspartate, and glutamate, needed for highly productive cell cultures. From our results, we designed three new feeds by adjusting the levels of those amino acids and successfully validated their effectiveness in promoting cell growth and/or titer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silberberg, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Debottlenecking and reformulating feed media for improved CHO cell growth and titer by data-driven and model-guided analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.531998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss-of-SIRT7 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib through the regulation of ERK Phosphorylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.13.531998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The FDA-approved oral multi-kinase inhibitor, sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar), is the first approved systemic therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although it has been shown to significantly improve the overall survival of patients with HCC, drug resistance limits the response rate to this therapeutic. Here, we report that acquired sorafenib resistance is associated with overexpression of the deacetylase, SIRT7, and a high level of ERK phosphorylation. Further, we identify that the hyperactivation of ERK is controlled by SIRT7-mediated deacetylation of DDX3X. The inhibition of SIRT7 combined with sorafenib resulted in a marked reduction of cell viability in vitro and of tumor growth in vivo. It seems plausible that SIRT7 is responsible for the acquired sorafenib resistance and its inhibition is most likely beneficial together in conjunction with sorafenib by suppressing ERK signaling.

HighlightsO_LISorafenib resistance in HCC is associated with SIRT7 and ERK hyperactivation.
C_LIO_LISuppression of SIRT7 combined with sorafenib restores sensitivity to sorafenib.
C_LIO_LISIRT7 controls sorafenib resistance through ERK activation by mediating DDX3X deacetylation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandit, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gariani, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gariani, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verbeek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, K.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoonjans, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auwerx, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.13.531998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss-of-SIRT7 sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib through the regulation of ERK Phosphorylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposing, spatially-determined epigenetic forces impose restrictions on stochastic olfactory receptor choice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Olfactory receptor (OR) choice represents an example of genetically hardwired stochasticity, where every olfactory neuron expresses one out of [~]2000 OR alleles in a probabilistic, yet stereotypic fashion. Here, we propose that topographic restrictions in OR expression are established in neuronal progenitors by two opposing forces: polygenic transcription and genomic silencing, both of which are influenced by dorsoventral gradients of transcription factors NFIA, B, and X. Polygenic transcription of OR genes may define spatially constrained OR repertoires, among which one OR allele is selected for singular expression later in development. Heterochromatin assembly and genomic compartmentalization of OR alleles also vary across the axes of the olfactory epithelium and may preferentially eliminate ectopically expressed ORs with more dorsal expression destinations from this "privileged" repertoire. Our experiments identify early transcription as a potential "epigenetic" contributor to future developmental patterning and reveal how two spatially responsive probabilistic processes may act in concert to establish deterministic, precise, and reproducible territories of stochastic gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bashkirova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimpert, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pourmorady, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monahan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osinski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieren, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stecky, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnea, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdus-Saboor, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shykind, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marlin, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gronostajski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleischmann, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomvardas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposing, spatially-determined epigenetic forces impose restrictions on stochastic olfactory receptor choice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532863v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple sequence-alignment-based RNA language model and its application to structural inference 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.15.532863v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compared to proteins, DNA and RNA are more difficult languages to interpret because 4-letter-coded DNA/RNA sequences have less information content than 20-letter-coded protein sequences. While BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers)-like language models have been developed for RNA, they are ineffective at capturing the evolutionary information from homologous sequences because unlike proteins, RNA sequences are less conserved. Here, we have developed an unsupervised Multiple sequence-alignment-based RNA language model (RNA-MSM) by utilizing homologous sequences from an automatic pipeline, RNAcmap. The resulting unsupervised, two-dimensional attention maps and one-dimensional embeddings from RNA-MSM can be directly mapped with high accuracy to 2D base pairing probabilities and 1D solvent accessibilities, respectively. Further fine-tuning led to significantly improved performance on these two downstream tasks over existing state-of-the-art techniques. We anticipate that the pre-trained RNA-MSM model can be fine-tuned on many other tasks related to RNA structure and function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litfin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.15.532863</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple sequence-alignment-based RNA language model and its application to structural inference]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.530559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
6mA-Sniper: Quantifying 6mA Sites in Eukaryotes at Single-Nucleotide Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.530559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) modification has been linked to fundamental regulatory processes in prokaryotes, its prevalence and functional implications in eukaryotes are controversial. Here, we report 6mA-Sniper to quantify 6mA sites in eukaryotes at single-nucleotide resolution. With 6mA-Sniper, we delineated an accurate 6mA profile in C. elegans with 2,034 sites, significantly enriched on sequences of [GC]GAG motif. Twenty-six of 39 6mA events with MnlI restriction endonuclease sites were experimentally verified, demonstrating the feasibility of this method. Notably, the enrichment of these 6mA sites on a specific sequence motif, their within-population conservation and the combinatorial patterns, and the selective constrains on them jointly support an active model for the shaping of the profile by some undiscovered methyltransferases. In a joint study (Cell Research, in revision), Ma et al. reported METL-9 as a new methyltransferase in shaping the basal and stress-dependent 6mA profile in C. elegans. Notably, with the 6mA profile identified by 6mA-Sniper at single-nucleotide resolution, we found that the levels of 6mAs are significantly decreased in strains with the removal of METL-9 (METL-9 KO-OP50), while generally increased after P. aeruginosa infection, further verified the efficiency of 6mA-Sniper in accurately pinpointing 6mA sites. Moreover, for the regions marked by 998 6mA sites emerged specifically after the infection, we identified an enrichment of the upregulated genes after the infection. The gene upregulations are likely mediated through a mutual exclusive crosstalk between 6mA and H3K27me3 modification, as supported by their co-occurrence, and the signal of increased H3K27me3 at regions marked by 6mAs depleted in METL-9 KO-OP50 strains. Notably, in different C. elegans strains, the cross-strain genetic variants removing 6mA sites are associated with the decreased expression of their host genes, and the removal of two randomly-selected 6mA events with genome editing directly decreased the expression of their host genes. We thus highlight 6mA regulation as a previously-neglected regulator of transcriptome in eukaryotes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.16.530559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[6mA-Sniper: Quantifying 6mA Sites in Eukaryotes at Single-Nucleotide Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.532982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coupling of Slack and NaV1.6 sensitizes Slack to quinidine blockade and guides anti-seizure strategy development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.16.532982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quinidine has been used as an anticonvulsant to treat patients with KCNT1-related epilepsy by targeting gain-of-function KCNT1 pathogenic mutant variants. However, the detailed mechanism underlying quinidines blockade against KCNT1 (Slack) remains elusive. Here, we report a functional and physical coupling of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.6 and Slack. NaV1.6 binds to and highly sensitizes Slack to quinidine blockade. Homozygous knockout of NaV1.6 reduces the sensitivity of native sodium-activated potassium currents to quinidine blockade. NaV1.6-mediated sensitization requires the involvement of NaV1.6s N-and C-termini binding to Slacks C-terminus, and is enhanced by transient sodium influx through NaV1.6. Moreover, disrupting the Slack-NaV1.6 interaction by viral expression of Slacks C-terminus can protect against SlackG269S-induced seizures in mice. These insights about a Slack-NaV1.6 complex challenge the traditional view of "Slack as an isolated target" for anti-epileptic drug discovery efforts, and can guide the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for KCNT1-related epilepsy.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=134 SRC="FIGDIR/small/532982v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1127858org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19ad9f4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15b5542org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13a86b4_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.16.532982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coupling of Slack and NaV1.6 sensitizes Slack to quinidine blockade and guides anti-seizure strategy development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of a fungal 1,3-β-glucan synthase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.19.532754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
1,3-{beta}-Glucan is the major component of the fungal cell wall and is synthesized by 1,3-{beta}-glucan synthase located in the plasma membrane, which is a molecular target of anti-fungal drugs echinocandins and the triterpenoid ibrexafungerp. In this study, we report the 3.0-[A] resolution cryo-EM structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1,3-{beta}-glucan synthase, Fks1. The structure reveals a central catalytic region adopting a cellulose synthase fold with a cytosolic conserved GT-A type glycosyltransferase domain and a closed transmembrane glucan-transporting channel. We found that two extracellular disulfide bonds are crucial for Fks1 enzymatic activity. Structural comparison between Fks1 and cellulose synthases and structure-guided mutagenesis studies provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the fungal 1,3-{beta}-glucan synthase.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.19.532754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of a fungal 1,3-β-glucan synthase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mammalian Esophageal Stratified Tissue Homeostasis is Maintained Distinctively by the Epithelial Pluripotent p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+ Cell Populations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.22.533592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Self-renewing, damage-repair and differentiation of mammalian stratified squamous epithelia are subject to tissue homeostasis, but the regulation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigate the esophageal squamous epithelial tissue homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We establish a rat esophageal organoid (rEO) in vitro system and show that the landscapes of rEO formation, development and maturation trajectories can mimic those of rat esophageal epithelia in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), snap-shot immunostaining and functional analyses of stratified "matured" rEOs define that the epithelial pluripotent stem-cell determinants, p63 and Sox2, play crucial but distinctive roles for regulating mammalian esophageal tissue homeostasis. We identify two cell populations, p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+, of which the p63+Sox2+ population presented at the basal layer is the cells of origin required for esophageal epithelial stemness maintenance and proliferation whereas the p63-Sox2+ population presented at the suprabasal layers is the cells of origin having a dual role for esophageal epithelial differentiation (differentiation-prone fate) and rapid tissue damage-repair responses (proliferation-prone fate). Given the fact that p63 and Sox2 are developmental lineage oncogenes and commonly overexpressed in ESCC tissues, p63-Sox2+ population could not be detected in organoids formed by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. Taken together, these findings reveal that the tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by p63 and/or Sox2 dependent cell lineage populations required for the tissue renewing, damage-repair and protection of carcinogenesis in mammalian esophagi.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mammalian Esophageal Stratified Tissue Homeostasis is Maintained Distinctively by the Epithelial Pluripotent p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+ Cell Populations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mind of a dauer: Comparative connectomics reveals developmental plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fundamental question in neurodevelopmental biology is how flexibly the nervous system changes during development. To address this, we reconstructed the complete connectome of dauer, an alternative developmental stage of nematodes with distinct behavioral characteristics, by volumetric reconstruction and automated synapse detection using deep learning. With the basic architecture of the nervous system preserved, structural changes in neurons, large or small, were closely associated with connectivity changes, which in turn evoked dauer-specific behaviors such as nictation. Graph theoretical analyses revealed significant dauer-specific rewiring of sensory neuron connectivity and increased clustering within motor neurons in the dauer connectome. We suggest that the nervous system in the nematode, probably animals in general, has evolved to respond to harsh environments by reversibly developing a quantitatively and qualitatively differentiated connectome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. C. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahn, S.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.23.533915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mind of a dauer: Comparative connectomics reveals developmental plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ScRNA-seq of Diverse Pheochromocytoma Patients Reveals Distinct Microenvironment Characteristics and Supports an Informative Molecular Classification System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.26.534245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland. However, the cellular molecular characteristics and immune microenvironment of PCCs are incompletely understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 16 tissues from 4 sporadic unclassified PCC patients and 1 hereditary PCC patient with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. We found that intra-tumoral heterogeneity was less extensive than the inter-individual heterogeneity of PCCs. Further, the unclassified PCC patients were divided into two types, metabolism-type (marked by NDUFA4L2 and COX4I2) and kinase-type (marked by RET and PNMT), validated by immunohistochemical staining. Trajectory analysis of tumor evolution revealed that metabolism-type PCC cells display phenotype of consistently active metabolism and increased metastasis potential, while kinase-type PCC cells showed decreased epinephrine synthesis and neuron-like phenotypes. Cell-cell communication analysis showed activation of the annexin pathway and a strong inflammation reaction in metabolism-type PCCs and activation of FGF signaling in the kinase-type PCC. Although multispectral immunofluorescence staining showed a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration in both metabolism-type and kinase-type PCCs, only the kinase-type PCC exhibited downregulation of HLA-I molecules that possibly regulated by RET, suggesting the potential of combined therapy with kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy for kinase-type PCCs; in contrast, the application of immunotherapy to metabolism-type PCCs (with antigen presentation ability) is likely unsuitable. Our study presents a single-cell transcriptomics-based molecular classification and microenvironment characterization of PCCs, providing clues for potential therapeutic strategies to treat PCCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.26.534245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ScRNA-seq of Diverse Pheochromocytoma Patients Reveals Distinct Microenvironment Characteristics and Supports an Informative Molecular Classification System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534970v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Activity-dependent constraints on catecholamine signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.30.534970v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Catecholamine signaling is thought to modulate cognition in an inverted-U relationship, but the mechanisms are unclear. We measured norepinephrine and dopamine release, postsynaptic calcium responses, and interactions between tonic and phasic firing modes under various stimuli and conditions. High tonic activity in vivo depleted catecholamine stores, desensitized postsynaptic responses, and decreased phasic transmission. Together this provides a clearer understanding of the inverted-U relationship, offering insights into psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with impaired catecholamine signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.30.534970</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Activity-dependent constraints on catecholamine signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CilioGenics: an integrated method and database for predicting novel ciliary genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.31.535034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discovering the entire list of human ciliary genes would help in the diagnosis of cilia-related human disorders known as ciliopathy, but at present the genetic diagnosis of many ciliopathies (over 30%) is far from complete (Bachmann-Gagescu et al., 2015; Knopp et al., 2015; Paff et al., 2018). In a theory, many independent approaches may uncover the whole list of ciliary genes, but 30% of the genes on the ciliary gene list are still ciliary candidate genes (van Dam et al., 2019; Vasquez et al., 2021). All of these cutting-edge techniques, however, have relied on a different single strategy to discover ciliary candidate genes. Because different methodologies demonstrated distinct capabilities with varying quality, categorizing the ciliary candidate genes in the ciliary gene list without further evidence has been difficult. Here, we present a method for predicting ciliary capacity of each human gene that incorporates diverse methodologies (single-cell RNA sequencing, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), comparative genomics, transcription factor (TF)-network analysis, and text mining). By integrating multiple approaches, we reveal previously undiscovered ciliary genes. Our method, CilioGenics, outperforms other approaches that are dependent on a single method. Our top 500 gene list contains 256 new candidate ciliary genes, with 31 experimentally validated. Our work suggests that combining several techniques can give useful evidence for predicting the ciliary capability of all human genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pir, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yenisert, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Begar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsiropoulou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blacque, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oner, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doluca, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cevik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplan, O. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.03.31.535034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CilioGenics: an integrated method and database for predicting novel ciliary genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.02.535254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of SLFN11 induces changes in DNA Damage response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.02.535254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundLack of Schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11) expression has been recently identified as a dominant genomic determinant of response to DNA damaging agents in numerous cancer types. Thus, strategies aimed at increasing SLFN11 could be used to restore chemosensitivity of refractory cancers.

As oncogenic downregulation is often driven by methylation of the promotor region, we explore the demethylation effect of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (decitabine), on the SLFN11 gene methylation. Since SLFN11 has been reported as an interferon inducible gene, and interferon is secreted during an active anti-tumor immune response, we investigated the in vitro effect of IFN-{gamma} on SLFN11 expression in breast cancer cell lines. A second broader approach to show cross talk between immune cells and SLFN11 expression is indirect co-culture of breast cancer cells with activated PBMCs and evaluate if this can drive SLFN11 upregulation. Finally, as a definitive and specific way to modulate SLFN11 expression we implemented SLFN11 dCas9 (dead CRISPR associated protein 9) systems to specifically increase or decrease SLFN11 expression.

ResultsWe first confirmed a correlation previously reported between methylation of SLFN11 promoter and its expression across multiple cell lines. We showed in-vitro that decitabine and IFN-{gamma} could increase moderately the expression of SLFN11 in both BT- 549 and T47D cell lines, but not in strongly methylated cell lines such as MDA-MB-231. Though, in-vitro, the co-culture of the same cell lines with CD8-CD25 activated PBMC failed to increase SLFN11 expression. On the one hand, the use of a CRISPR-dCas9 UNISAM system could increase SLFN11 expression significantly (up to 5-fold), stably and specifically in BT-549 and T47D cancer cell lines. Though, this system also failed to force a strong expression of SLFN11 in cell lines with robust SLFN11 promoter methylation such as MDA-MB-231. On the other hand, the use of CRISPR-dCas9 KRAB could significantly reduce the expression of SLFN11 in BT-549 and T47D. We then used the modified cell lines to confirm the alteration in chemo sensitivity of those cells to treatment with DNA Damaging Agents (DDAs) such as Cisplatin and Epirubicin or DNA Damage Response (DDRs) drugs like Olaparib. RNAseq was used to elucidate the mechanisms of action affected by the alteration in SLFN11 expression.

ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first report of the stable non-lethal increase of SLFN11 expression in a cancer cell line. Our results show that induction of SLFN11 expression can enhance DDA and DDR sensitivity in breast cancer cells and dCas9 systems may represent a novel approach to increase SLFN11 and achieve higher sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, improving outcome or decreasing required drug concentrations. SLFN11-targeting therapies might be explored pre-clinically to develop personalized approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabeen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carneiro-Lobo, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awartani, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoppoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.02.535254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of SLFN11 induces changes in DNA Damage response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic Slc4a4 regulates blood-brain barrier integrity in healthy and stroke brains via a NO-CCL2-CCR2 pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes play vital roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, yet how they support BBB integrity under normal or pathological conditions remains poorly defined. Recent evidence suggests pH homeostasis is a new cellular mechanism important for BBB integrity. In the current study, we investigated the function of an astrocyte-specific pH regulator, Slc4a4, in BBB maintenance and repair. We show that astrocytic Slc4a4 is required for normal astrocyte morphological complexity and BBB function. Multi-omics analyses identified increased astrocytic secretion of CCL2 coupled with dysregulated arginine-NO metabolism after Slc4a4 deletion. Using a model of ischemic stroke, we found that loss of Slc4a4 exacerbates BBB disruption and reactive gliosis, which were both rescued by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the NO-CCL2 pathway in vivo. Together, our study identifies the astrocytic Slc4a4-NO-CCL2 axis as a pivotal mechanism controlling BBB integrity and repair, while providing insights for a novel therapeutic approach against BBB-related CNS disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Alessandro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reshetnyak, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marrelli, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic Slc4a4 regulates blood-brain barrier integrity in healthy and stroke brains via a NO-CCL2-CCR2 pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The DEAD-box helicase RCF1 plays roles in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.03.535409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RCF1 is a highly conserved DEAD-box helicase found in yeast, plants and mammals. Studies about the functions of RCF1 in plants are limited. Here we uncovered the functions of RCF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana as a player in pri-miRNA processing and splicing, as well as in pre-mRNA splicing. A mutant with miRNA biogenesis defects was isolated and the defect was traced to a recessive point mutation in RCF1 (rcf1-4). We show that RCF1 promotes D-body formation and facilitates the interaction between pri-miRNAs and HYL1. Finally, we show that intron-containing pri-miRNAs and pre-mRNAs exhibit a global splicing defect in rcf1-4. Together, this work uncovers roles for RCF1 in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing in Arabidopsis.

One-sentence summaryRCF1 promotes not only the processing of pri-miRNAs, but also the splicing of intron-containing pri-miRNAs, therefore promotes miRNA biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.03.535409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The DEAD-box helicase RCF1 plays roles in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively parallel single-cell profiling of transcriptome and multiple epigenetic proteins in cell fate regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.04.535478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sculpting the epigenome with a combination of histone modifications and transcription factor (TF) occupancy determines gene transcription and cell fate specification. Here we first develop uCoTarget, utilizing a split-pool barcoding strategy for realizing ultra-high throughput single-cell joint profiling of multiple epigenetic proteins. Through extensive optimization for sensitivity and multimodality resolution, we demonstrate that uCoTarget enables simultaneous detection of five histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K36me3 and H3K27me3) in 19,860 single cells. We applied uCoTarget to the in vitro generation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human embryonic stem cells, presenting multimodal epigenomic profiles in 26,418 single cells. uCoTarget with high sensitivity per modality reveals establishment of pairing of HSPC enhancers (H3K27ac) and promoters (H3K4me3) along the differentiation trajectory and RUNX1 engagement priming for the H3K27ac activation along the HSPC path. We then develop uCoTargetX, an expansion of uCoTarget to simultaneously measure transcriptome and multiple epigenome targets. Together, our methods enable generalizable, versatile multi-modal profiles for reconstructing comprehensive epigenome and transcriptome landscapes and analyzing the regulatory interplay at single-cell level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.04.535478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively parallel single-cell profiling of transcriptome and multiple epigenetic proteins in cell fate regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.535976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial-linked alignment tool (SLAT) for aligning heterogenous slices properly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.07.535976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially resolved omics technologies reveal the spatial organization of cells in various biological systems. Integrative and comparative analyses of spatial omics data depend on proper slice alignment, which should take both omics profiles and spatial context into account. Here we propose SLAT (Spatially-Linked Alignment Tool), a graph-based algorithm for efficient and effective alignment of spatial omics data. Adopting a graph adversarial matching strategy, SLAT is the first algorithm capable of aligning heterogenous spatial data across distinct technologies and modalities. Systematic benchmarks demonstrate SLATs superior precision, robustness, and speed vis a vis existing methods. Applications to multiple real-world datasets further show SLATs utility in enhancing cell-typing resolution, integrating multiple modalities for regulatory inference, and mapping fine-scale spatial-temporal changes during development. The full SLAT package is available at https://github.com/gao-lab/SLAT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.07.535976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial-linked alignment tool (SLAT) for aligning heterogenous slices properly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536099v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioorthogonal photocatalytic quinone methide decaging for cell-cell interaction labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.08.536099v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-cell interactions (CCIs) play crucial roles in directing diverse biological processes in multicellular organisms, making the high-sensitivity and selectivity characterization of the diverse CCIs in high demand yet still challenging. We herein introduced a bioorthogonal photocatalytic quinone methide decaging-enabled cell-cell interaction labeling strategy (CAT-Cell) for sensitive and spatiotemporally resolved profiling of multitype CCIs. By adapting an optimized quinone methide probe for interacting cell labeling, we demonstrated the excellent capacity of CAT-Cell for capturing CCIs directed by various receptor-ligand pairs (e.g., CD40-CD40L, TCR-pMHC) and further showed its compatibility with tumor-specific targeting systems. Finally, we used CAT-Cell to detect cytotoxic cells (e.g., antigenspecific T cells, Natural Killer cells) in mouse models containing splenocyte mixtures and tumor samples. By leveraging the bioorthogonal photocatalytic decaging chemistry, CAT-Cell offers as a nongenetic, non-invasive and universal toolbox for profiling diverse CCIs under physiological-relevant settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.08.536099</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioorthogonal photocatalytic quinone methide decaging for cell-cell interaction labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amoeboid cells undergo durotaxis with soft end polarized NMIIA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell migration towards stiff substrates has been coined as durotaxis and implicated in development, wound healing and cancer, where complex interplays between immune and non-immune cells are present. Compared to the emerging mechanisms underlying the strongly adhesive mesenchymal durotaxis, little is known about whether immune cells - migrating in amoeboid mode - could follow mechanical cues. Here we develop an imaging-based confined migration device with stiffness gradient. By tracking live cell trajectory and analyzing the directionality of T cells and neutrophils, we observe that amoeboid cells can durotax. We further delineate the underlying mechanism to involve non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) polarization towards the soft-matrix-side but may not require differential actin flow up- or down-stiffness gradient. Using the protista Dictyostelium, we demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of amoeboid durotaxis. Finally, these experimental phenomena are theoretically captured by an active gel model capable of mechanosensing. Collectively, these results may shed new lights on immune surveillance and recently identified confined migration of cancer cells, within the mechanically inhomogeneous tumor microenvironment or the inflamed fibrotic tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amoeboid cells undergo durotaxis with soft end polarized NMIIA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterizing the monomer-dimer equilibrium of UbcH8/Ube2L6: A combined SAXS and NMR study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.13.536743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) is an interferon-induced protein with two ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domains linked by a short peptide chain, and the conjugated protein of the ISGylation system. Similar to ubiquitin and other Ubls, ISG15 is ligated to its target proteins through a series of E1, E2, and E3 enzymes known as Uba7, Ube2L6/UbcH8, and HERC5, respectively. Ube2L6/UbcH8 plays a literal central role in ISGylation, underscoring it as an important drug target for boosting innate antiviral immunity. Depending on the type of conjugated protein and the ultimate target protein, E2 enzymes have been shown to function as monomers, dimers, or both. UbcH8 has been crystalized in both monomeric and dimeric forms, but the functional state is unclear. Here, we used a combined approach of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to characterize UbcH8s oligomeric state in solution. SAXS revealed a dimeric UbcH8 structure that could be dissociated when fused N-terminally to glutathione S-transferase. NMR spectroscopy validated the presence of a concentration-dependent monomer-dimer equilibrium and suggested a backside dimerization interface. Chemical shift perturbation and peak intensity analysis further suggest dimer-induced conformational dynamics at E1 and E3 interfaces - providing hypotheses for the proteins functional mechanisms. Our study highlights the power of combining NMR and SAXS techniques in providing structural information about proteins in solution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocenler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tozkoparan, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yenici, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ziarek, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.13.536743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterizing the monomer-dimer equilibrium of UbcH8/Ube2L6: A combined SAXS and NMR study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assisting and Accelerating NMR Assignment with Restrainted Structure Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.14.536890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NMR experiments can detect in situ structures and dynamic interactions, but the NMR assignment process requires expertise and is time-consuming, thereby limiting its applicability. Deep learning algorithms have been employed to aid in experimental data analysis. In this work, we developed a RASP model which can enhance structure prediction with restraints. Based on the Evoformer and structure module architecture of AlphaFold, this model can predict structure based on sequence and a flexible number of input restraints. Moreover, it can evaluate the consistency between the predicted structure and the imposed restraints. Based on this model, we constructed an iterative NMR NOESY peak assignment pipeline named FAAST, to accelerate assignment process of NOESY restraints and obtaining high quality structure ensemble. The RASP model and FAAST pipeline not only allow for the leveraging of experimental restraints to improve model prediction, but can also facilitate and expedite experimental data analysis with their integrated capabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.14.536890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assisting and Accelerating NMR Assignment with Restrainted Structure Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.536718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer networks share pathways; but differ in mechanisms, signaling strength, and outcome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.536718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and cancer are connected, with immunity as their common factor. Their clinical presentations differ; however, individuals with NDDs are more likely to acquire cancer. Schizophrenia patients have [~]50% increased risk; autistic individuals also face an increased cancer likelihood. NDDs are associated with specific brain cell types at specific locations, emerging at certain developmental time windows during brain evolution. Their related mutations are germline; cancer mutations are sporadic, emerging during life. At the same time, NDDs and cancer share proteins, pathways, and mutations. Here we ask exactly which features they share, and how despite their commonality, they differ in outcomes. Our pioneering bioinformatics exploration of the mutations, reconstructed disease-specific networks, pathways, and transcriptome profiles of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancers, points to elevated signal strength in pathways related to proliferation in cancer, and differentiation in ASD. Signaling strength, not the activating mutation, is the key factor in deciding cancer versus NDDs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yavuz, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arici, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirel, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussinov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.536718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer networks share pathways; but differ in mechanisms, signaling strength, and outcome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multidimensional responses of ecological stability to eutrophication in grasslands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.16.537045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eutrophication usually impacts biodiversity, species composition, and functioning of grassland communities. Whether such effects propagate to influence the stability of these community aspects is unknown. Using standardized experiments across 55 global grasslands, we quantified the effects of nutrient addition on five stability facets (i.e., temporal invariability and resistance during and recovery after dry and wet growing seasons) for three community aspects (i.e., aboveground biomass, community composition, and species richness). Nutrient addition reduced the temporal invariability and resistance of species richness and community composition, but not biomass, during dry and wet growing seasons. Temporal invariability and resistance during, but not recovery after, dry and wet growing seasons were strongly positively correlated in both ambient and eutrophic conditions. This indicates that maintaining and restoring the stability of plant communities requires increasing resistance rather than recovery. Harnessing the complexity of ecological stability provides new insights for grassland ecosystem sustainability in a changing world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borer, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakker, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seabloom, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harpole, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eisenhauer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lekberg, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buckley, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roscher, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donohue, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Power, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daleo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebeling, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knops, J. M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martina, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eskelinen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Risch, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldeira, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugalho, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Virtanen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barrio, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jentsch, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alberti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hautier, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.16.537045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multidimensional responses of ecological stability to eutrophication in grasslands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537121v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.17.537121v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gravity controls directional growth of plants, and the classical starch-statolith hypothesis proposed more than a century ago postulates that amyloplast sedimentation in specialized cells initiates gravity sensing, but the molecular mechanism remains mysterious. Here, we report that gravistimulation by reorientation triggers the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling-mediated phosphorylation of LAZY proteins, the key regulators of gravitropism accumulated more on the lower side of the plasma membrane in columella cells in regular growth Arabidopsis. Phosphorylation of LAZY increases its interaction with several TOC proteins on the surface of amyloplasts, facilitating the translocation of LAZY proteins from the plasma membrane to the amyloplasts. Amyloplast sedimentation subsequently guides LAZY to relocate to the new lower side of the plasma membrane in columella cells, where LAZY induces asymmetrical auxin distribution and differential growth. Together, this study provides a molecular interpretation for the starch-statolith hypothesis: the organelle movement-triggered molecular polarity formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.17.537121</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloplast sedimentation repolarizes LAZYs to achieve gravity sensing in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537388v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fine Tuning Rigid Body Docking Results Using the Dreiding Force Field: A Computational Study of 36 Known Nanobody-Protein Complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.18.537388v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper aims to understand the binding strategies of a nanobody-protein pair by studying known complexes. Rigid body protein-ligand docking programs produce several complexes, called decoys, which are good candidates with high scores of shape complementarity, electrostatic interactions, desolvation, buried surface area, and Lennard-Jones potentials. It is not known which decoy represents the true structure. We studied thirty-seven nanobody-protein complexes from the Single Domain Antibody Database, sd-Ab DB, http://www.sdab-db.ca/. For each structure, a large number of decoys are generated using the Fast Fourier Transform algorithm of the software ZDOCK. The decoys were ranked according to their target protein-nanobody interaction energies, calculated by using the Dreiding Force Field, with rank 1 having the lowest interaction energy. Out of thirty-six PDB structures, twenty-five true structures were predicted as rank 1. Eleven of the remaining structures required [A]ngstrom size rigid body translations of the nanobody relative to the protein to match the given PDB structure. After the translation the Dreiding interaction (DI) energies of all complexes decreased and became rank 1. In one case, rigid body rotations as well as translations of the nanobody were required for matching the crystal structure. We used a Monte Carlo algorithm that randomly translates and rotates the nanobody of a decoy and calculates the DI energy. Results show that rigid body translations and the DI energy are sufficient for determining the correct binding location and pose of ZDOCK created decoys. A survey of the sd-Ab DB showed that each nanobody makes at least one salt bridge with its partner protein, indicating that salt bridge formation is an essential strategy in nanobody-protein recognition. Based on the analysis of the thirty-six crystal structures and evidence from existing literature, we propose a set of principles that could be used in the design of nanobodies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.18.537388</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fine Tuning Rigid Body Docking Results Using the Dreiding Force Field: A Computational Study of 36 Known Nanobody-Protein Complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.537642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GAN-MAT: Generative Adversarial Network-based Microstructural Profile Covariance Analysis Toolbox 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.20.537642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMultimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides complementary information for investigating brain structure and function; for example, an in vivo microstructure-sensitive proxy can be estimated using the ratio between T1- and T2-weighted structural MRI. However, acquiring multiple imaging modalities is challenging in patients with inattentive disorders. In this study, we proposed a comprehensive framework to provide multiple imaging features related to the brain microstructure using only T1-weighted MRI. Our toolbox consists of (i) synthesizing T2-weighted MRI from T1-weighted MRI using a conditional generative adversarial network; (ii) estimating microstructural features, including intracortical covariance and moment features of cortical layer-wise microstructural profiles; and (iii) generating a microstructural gradient, which is a low-dimensional representation of the intracortical microstructure profile. We trained and tested our toolbox using T1- and T2-weighted MRI scans of 1,104 healthy young adults obtained from the Human Connectome Project database. We found that the synthesized T2-weighted MRI was very similar to the actual image and that the synthesized data successfully reproduced the microstructural features. The toolbox was validated using an independent dataset containing healthy controls and patients with episodic migraine as well as the atypical developmental condition of autism spectrum disorder. Our toolbox may provide a new paradigm for analyzing multimodal structural MRI in the neuroscience community, and is openly accessible at https://github.com/CAMIN-neuro/GAN-MAT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Namgung, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, Y. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paquola, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, B.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.20.537642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GAN-MAT: Generative Adversarial Network-based Microstructural Profile Covariance Analysis Toolbox]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.21.537440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Logic-incorporated Gene Regulatory Network Deciphers Principles in Cell Fate Decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.21.537440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organisms utilize gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to make fate decisions, but the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors (TFs) in GRNs are exceedingly intricate. A longstanding question in this field is how these tangled interactions synergistically contribute to decision- making procedures. To comprehensively understand the role of regulatory logic in cell fate decisions, we constructed a logic-incorporated GRN model and examined its behavior under two distinct driving forces (noise-driven and signal-driven). Under the noise-driven mode, we distilled the relationship among fate bias, regulatory logic, and noise profile. Under the signal-driven mode, we bridged regulatory logic and progression-accuracy trade-off, and uncovered distinctive trajectories of reprogramming influenced by logic motifs. In differentiation, we characterized a special logic-dependent priming stage by the solution landscape. Finally, we applied our findings to decipher three biological instances: hematopoiesis, embryogenesis, and trans-differentiation. Orthogonal to the classical analysis of expression profile, we harnessed noise patterns to construct the GRN corresponding to fate transition. Our work presents a generalizable framework for top- down fate-decision studies and a practical approach to the taxonomy of cell fate decisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.21.537440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Logic-incorporated Gene Regulatory Network Deciphers Principles in Cell Fate Decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene essential for dauer development in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.24.538107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Under adverse environmental conditions, nematodes arrest into dauer, an alternative developmental stage for diapause. Dauer endures unfavorable environments and interacts with host animals to access favorable environments, thus playing a critical role in survival. Here, we report that in Caenorhabditis elegans, daf-42 is essential for development into the dauer stage, as the null mutant of daf-42 exhibited a "no viable dauer" phenotype in which no viable dauers were obtained in any dauer-inducing conditions. Long-term time lapse microscopy of synchonized larvae revealed that daf-42 is involved in developmental changes from the pre-dauer L2d stage to the dauer stage. daf-42 encodes large, disordered proteins of various sizes that are expressed in and secreted from the seam cells within a narrow time window shortly before the molt into dauer stage. Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcription of genes involved in larval physiology and dauer metabolism are highly affected by the daf-42 mutation. Contrary to the notion that essential genes that control the life and death of an organism may well be conserved across diverse species, daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene conserved only in the Caenorhabditis genus. Our study shows that dauer formation is a vital process that is controlled not only by conserved genes but also by newly emerged genes, providing important insights into evolutionary mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.24.538107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[daf-42 is an evolutionarily young gene essential for dauer development in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The potential of Senicapoc, a KCNN4 inhibitor, for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.25.538345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGenome-wide association studies have identified a breast cancer risk locus at 19q13.31. The candidate causal variants at this locus are located in the first exon of KCNN4. KCNN4, which regulates membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling, is a good candidate for drug repositioning because its inhibitor, Senicapoc, has been shown to be well tolerated in Phase-II and -III clinical trials for asthma and sickle cell anemia.

MethodsWe evaluated public mRNA expression data to determine whether the allele at 19q13.31 associated with increased breast cancer risk was associated with KCNN4 expression. We also used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the relationship between KCNN4 protein expression and breast cancer survival. We then used Senicapoc in two murine mammary tumor models to determine if it would delay tumor development. We also treated mice bearing 4T1 mammary tumors with Senicapoc, by subcutaneous injection and by oral gavage. Finally we used gene editing to make deletions within Kcnn4 in 4T1 to determine whether Senicapoc had off-target effects on tumor growth.

ResultsAnalysis of the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project showed that the allele at 19q13.31 associated with increased breast cancer risk is associated with increased KCNN4 expression, suggesting that inhibiting KCNN4 might reduce breast cancer risk. Using immunohistochemistry in a large breast cancer cohort, we found that membrane and cytoplasmic expression is a marker of poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer. We then tested the efficacy of Senicapoc to prevent and treat breast cancer. This showed that it delays the development of mammary tumors in two murine models, and slows growth of a syngeneic (4T1) model of triple negative breast cancer. Senicapoc monotherapy showed similar efficacy to anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy in these studies, with a stronger effect when they were combined.

ConclusionsThese results provide a rationale for clinical testing of Senicapoc for treating, and even preventing, breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chenevix-Trench, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beesley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Civitarese, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perreira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teale, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter-Cusack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinowski, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCart Reed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handoko, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bessette, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacDonald, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakhani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ejeh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.25.538345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The potential of Senicapoc, a KCNN4 inhibitor, for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designer DNA NanoGripper 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.26.538490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA has shown great biocompatibility, programmable mechanical properties, and structural addressability at the nanometer scale, making it a versatile material for building high precision nanorobotics for biomedical applications. Herein, we present design principle, synthesis, and characterization of a DNA nanorobotic hand, called the "NanoGripper", that contains a palm and four bendable fingers as inspired by human hands, bird claws, and bacteriophages evolved in nature. Each NanoGripper finger has three phalanges connected by two flexible and rotatable joints that are bendable in response to binding to other entities. Functions of the NanoGripper have been enabled and driven by the interactions between moieties attached to the fingers and their binding partners. We showcase that the NanoGripper can be engineered to interact with and capture various objects with different dimensions, including gold nanoparticles, gold NanoUrchins, and SARS-CoV-2 virions. When carrying multiple DNA aptamer nanoswitches programmed to generate fluorescent signal enhanced on a photonic crystal platform, the NanoGripper functions as a sensitive viral biosensor that detects intact SARS-CoV-2 virions in human saliva with a limit of detection of [~] 100 copies/mL, providing RT-PCR equivalent sensitivity. Additionally, we use confocal microscopy to visualize how the NanoGripper-aptamer complex can effectively block viral entry into the host cells, indicating the viral inhibition. In summary, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a complex nanomachine that can be readily tailored for specific applications. The study highlights a path toward novel, feasible, and efficient solutions for the diagnosis and therapy of other diseases such as HIV and influenza.

One-sentence summaryDesign, synthesis, characterization, and functional showcase of a human-hand like designer DNA nanobot
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwivedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.26.538490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designer DNA NanoGripper]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.28.538737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The trade-off between individual metabolic specialization and versatility determines the metabolic efficiency of microbial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.04.28.538737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In microbial systems, a metabolic pathway can be either completed by one autonomous population or alternatively be distributed among a consortium performing metabolic division of labor (MDOL), where several specialized populations cooperate to complete the pathway. MDOL facilitates the systems function by reducing the metabolic burden; however, it may also hinder the function by reducing the exchange efficiency of metabolic intermediates among individuals. As a result, the metabolic efficiency of a community is influenced by trade-offs between the metabolic specialization and versatility of individuals, with the latter potentially introducing metabolic redundancy into the community. However, it remains unclear how metabolic specialization and versatility of the individuals involved can be controlled in order to optimize the function of the community. In this study, we deconstructed the metabolic pathway of naphthalene degradation into four specialized steps and introduced them individually or combinatorically into different strains, with varying levels of metabolic specialization. Using these strains, we engineered 1,456 synthetic consortia with varying levels of metabolic redundancy and tested their naphthalene degradation efficiency. We found that 74 consortia possessing metabolic redundancy exhibited higher degradation efficiency than both the autonomous population and the rigorous MDOL community. Quantitative modeling derived from our experiments provides general strategies for identifying the most effective MDOL consortium with functional redundancy (MCFR) from a range of possible MCFRs. Our large-scale genomic analysis suggests that natural communities for hydrocarbon degradation are mostly functionally redundant. In summary, our study provides critical insights into the engineering of high-performance microbial systems and explains why functional redundancy is prevalent in natural microbial communities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.04.28.538737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The trade-off between individual metabolic specialization and versatility determines the metabolic efficiency of microbial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.01.538516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Repeated Omicron infection alleviates SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.01.538516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continuous emergence of highly immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants, like XBB.1.51,2 and XBB.1.163,4, highlights the need to update COVID-19 vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by wildtype (WT)-based vaccination would compromise the antibody response to Omicron-based boosters5-9. Vaccination strategies that can counter immune imprinting are critically needed. In this study, we investigated the degree and dynamics of immune imprinting in mouse models and human cohorts, especially focusing on the role of repeated Omicron stimulation. Our results show that in mice, the efficacy of single Omicron-boosting is heavily limited by immune imprinting, especially when using variants antigenically distinct from WT, like XBB, while the concerning situation could be largely mitigated by a second Omicron booster. Similarly, in humans, we found that repeated Omicron infections could also alleviate WT-vaccination-induced immune imprinting and generate high neutralizing titers against XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.16 in both plasma and nasal mucosa. By isolating 781 RBD-targeting mAbs from repeated Omicron infection cohorts, we revealed that double Omicron exposure alleviates immune imprinting by generating a large proportion of highly matured and potent Omicron-specific antibodies. Importantly, epitope characterization using deep mutational scanning (DMS) showed that these Omicron-specific antibodies target distinct RBD epitopes compared to WT-induced antibodies, and the bias towards non-neutralizing epitopes observed in single Omicron exposures due to imprinting was largely restored after repeated Omicron stimulation, together leading to a substantial neutralizing epitope shift. Based on the DMS profiles, we identified evolution hotspots of XBB.1.5 RBD and demonstrated the combinations of these mutations could further boost XBB.1.5s immune-evasion capability while maintaining high ACE2 binding affinity. Our findings suggest the WT component should be abandoned when updating COVID-19 vaccine antigen compositions to XBB lineages, and those who havent been exposed to Omicron yet should receive two updated vaccine boosters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.01.538516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Repeated Omicron infection alleviates SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Excitatory Projection from the Basal Forebrain to the Ventral Tegmental Area Underlying Anorexia-like Phenotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptation to potential threat cues in feeding regulation is key for animal survival. Maladaptation in balancing internal energy needs and external threat cues may result in eating disorders. However, brain mechanisms underlying such maladaptation remain elusive. Here, we identified that the basal forebrain (BF) sends glutamatergic projections to glutamatergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Glutamatergic neurons in both the BF and the VTA displayed correlated responses to various external stressors. Notably, in vivo manipulation of BF terminals in the VTA revealed that the glutamatergic BFVTA circuit reduces appetite, increases locomotion, and elicits avoidance. In consistence, activation of VTA glutamatergic neurons reduced body weight, blunted food motivation, and caused hyperactivity with behavioral signs of anxiety, all hallmarks of typical anorexia phenotypes. Importantly, activation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the VTA reduced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Collectively, our results point to overactivation of the glutamatergic BFVTA circuit as a potential cause of anorexia-like phenotypes involving reduced dopamine release.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otiz-Guzman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arenkiel, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Excitatory Projection from the Basal Forebrain to the Ventral Tegmental Area Underlying Anorexia-like Phenotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural representation strength of predicted category features biases decision behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.05.539587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Theories of prediction-for-perception propose that the brain predicts the information contents of upcoming stimuli to facilitate their perceptual categorization. A mechanistic understanding should therefore address where, when, and how the brain predicts the stimulus features that change behavior. However, typical approaches do not address these predicted stimulus features. Instead, multivariate classifiers are trained to contrast the bottom-up patterns of neural activity between two stimulus categories. These classifiers then quantify top-down predictions as reactivations of the category contrast. However, a category-contrast cannot quantify the features reactivated for each category-which might be from either category, or both. To study the predicted category-features, we randomly sampled features of stimuli that afford two categorical perceptions and trained multivariate classifiers to discriminate the features specific to each. In a cueing design, we show where, when and how trial-by-trial category-feature reactivation strength directly biases decision behavior, transforming our conceptual and mechanistic understanding of prediction-for-perception.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrod, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, R. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schyns, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural representation strength of predicted category features biases decision behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural response properties predict perceived contents and locations elicited by intracranial electrical stimulation of human auditory cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.06.539680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracranial electrical stimulation (iES) of auditory cortex can elicit sound experiences with a variety of perceived contents (hallucination or illusion) and locations (contralateral or bilateral side), independent of actual acoustic inputs. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this elicitation heterogeneity remain undiscovered. Here, we collected subjective reports following iES at 3062 intracranial sites in 28 patients and identified 113 auditory cortical sites with iES-elicited sound experiences. We then decomposed the sound-induced intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) signals recorded from all 113 sites into time-frequency features. We found that the iES-elicited perceived contents can be predicted by the early high-{gamma} features extract from sound-induced iEEG. In contrast, the perceived locations elicited by stimulating hallucination sites and illusion sites are determined by the late high-{gamma} and long-lasting  features, respectively. Our study unveils the crucial neural signatures of iES-elicited sound experiences in human and presents a new strategy to hearing restoration for individuals suffering from deafness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.06.539680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural response properties predict perceived contents and locations elicited by intracranial electrical stimulation of human auditory cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SeMOE allows for quantitative glycan perception and exhibits anti-cancer potentiality 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.08.539922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a classical chemical approach to perturb, profile and perceive glycans in physiological systems, but probes upon bioorthogonal reaction require accessibility and background signal readout makes it challenging to achieve absolute glycan quantification. Here we develop SeMOE, a selenosugar-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy that combines elemental analysis and MOE to enable the absolute quantification and mass spectrometric imaging of glycome in a concise procedure. We demonstrate that SeMOE probes allow for perception, absolute quantification and visualization of glycans in diverse biological contexts. We demonstrate that chemical reporters on conventional MOE can be integrated into a bifunctional SeMOE probe to provide multimodality signal readouts. We further show the anti-cancer potentiality of SeMOE probes. SeMOE thus provides a convenient and simplified method to "see more" of the glyco-world.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.08.539922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SeMOE allows for quantitative glycan perception and exhibits anti-cancer potentiality]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.540094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanisms for activation of the 26S proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.09.540094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Various hormones, kinases, and stressors (fasting, heat shock) stimulate 26S proteasome activity. To understand how its capacity to degrade ubiquitylated protein can increase, we studied ZFAND5, which promotes protein degradation during muscle atrophy. Cryo-electron microscopy showed that ZFAND5 induces large conformational changes in the 19S regulatory particle. ZFAND5s AN1 Zn finger interacts with the Rpt5 ATPase and its C-terminus with Rpt1 ATPase and Rpn1, a ubiquitin-binding subunit. Surprisingly, these C-terminal interactions are sufficient to activate proteolysis. With ZFAND5 bound, entry into the proteasomes protein translocation channel is wider, and ZFAND5 dissociation causes opening of the 20S gate for substrate entry. Using single-molecular microscopy, we showed that ZFAND5 binds ubiquitylated substrates, prolongs their association with proteasomes, and increases the likelihood that bound substrates undergo degradation, even though ZFAND5 dissociates before substrate deubiquitylation. These changes in proteasome conformation and reaction cycle can explain the accelerated degradation and suggest how other proteasome activators may stimulate proteolysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tkacik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.09.540094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanisms for activation of the 26S proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diazo-carboxyl click chemistry enables rapid and sensitive quantification of carboxylic acid metabolites 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carboxylic acids are central metabolites in bioenergetics, signal transduction and post-translation protein regulation. Unlike its genomic and transcriptomic counterparts, the quest for metabolomic profiling in trace amounts of biomedical samples is prohibitively challenging largely due to the lack of sensitive and robust quantification schemes for carboxylic acids. Based on diazo-carboxyl click chemistry, here we demonstrate DQmB-HA method as a rapid derivatization strategy for the sensitive analysis of hydrophilic, low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids. To the investigated metabolites, DQmB-HA derivatization method renders 5 to 2,000-fold higher response on mass spectrometry along with improved chromatographic separation on commercial UHPLC-MS machines. Using this method, we present the near-single-cell analysis of carboxylic acid metabolites in mouse egg cells before and after fertilization. Malate, fumarate and {beta}-hydroxybutyrate were found to decrease in mouse zygotes. We also showcase the kinetic profiling of TCA-cycle intermediates inside adherent cells cultured in one well of 96-well plates during drug treatment. FCCP and AZD3965 were shown to have overlapped but different effects on the isotope labeling of carboxylic acids. Finally, we apply DQmB-HA method to plasma or serum samples (down to 5 L) from mice and humans collected on pathological and physiological conditions. The measured changes of succinate, {beta}-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate in blood corroborate previous literatures in ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model, acute fasting-refeeding mouse model, and human individuals diagnosed with mitochondrial dysfunction diseases, respectively. Overall, DQmB-HA method offers a sensitive, rapid and user-friendly quantification scheme for carboxylic acid metabolites, paving the road toward the ultimate goals of single-cell metabolomic analysis and bedside monitoring of biofluid samples.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liufu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diazo-carboxyl click chemistry enables rapid and sensitive quantification of carboxylic acid metabolites]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BiATNovo: A Self-Attention based Bidirectional Peptide Sequencing Method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.11.540352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
De novo sequencing from tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) data is a key technique for identifying novel peptides. In theory, the Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) method can fragment all precursor ions in an unbiased and non-targeted fashion. However, each spectrum contains fragments from multiple precursor ions, and the unclear relationship between these ions and their fragments poses a significant challenge to the accuracy of de novo sequencing algorithms. Here we present BiATNovo, an attention-based bidirectional de novo peptide sequencing framework. BiATNovo comprises a bidirectional attention-based model and a bidirectional fusion-reranking post-processing module, which enables efficient capture of relationships between tandem mass spectra, fragment ions, and peptide patterns, while also expanding the candidate set to select the optimal sequence. This framework improves peptide prediction accuracy, particularly for long peptide sequences, and mitigates the imbalance where the initial amino acids are predicted more accurately than the last ones. Evaluation results demonstrate that BiATNovo outperforms existing algorithms, including DeepNovo-DIA and PepNet, in both peptid-level and amino acid-level. Furthermore, when extended to DDA datasets, BiATNovo achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.11.540352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BiATNovo: A Self-Attention based Bidirectional Peptide Sequencing Method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540141v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Getting personal: brain decoding of spontaneous thought using personal narratives 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.12.540141v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contents of spontaneous thought and their dynamics are important factors for ones personality traits and mental health. However, they are difficult to assess because spontaneous thought occurs voluntarily without conscious constraints. Here, we aimed to decode two important content dimensions of spontaneous thought--self-relevance and valence--directly from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signals. To train brain decoders, we induced a wide range of levels of self-relevance and emotional valence using individually generated personal stories as well as stories written by others to mimic narrative-like spontaneous thoughts (n = 49). We then tested the brain decoders on two resting-state fMRI datasets (n = 49 and 90) with and without intermittent thought sampling, achieving significant predictions. The default mode and ventral attention networks were important contributors to the predictions. Overall, this study paves the way for the brain decoding of spontaneous thought and its use for clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lux, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.12.540141</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Getting personal: brain decoding of spontaneous thought using personal narratives]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring and maturation of cardiomyocyte differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a multi-functional tissue engineering platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.15.540892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is attracting attention as a potential personalized therapy for damaged myocardium, as they are accessible and compatible with the human body. The hiPSCs can be effectively differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CMs), which are essential for myocardial regeneration. However, current approaches have been unable to fully replicate the electro-mechanical functions of natural CMs.

MethodsAlthough several methods have been used to stimulate hiPSC-CMs for maturation, the ability to integrate multiple stimuli that influence myocardial cell function has been limited. To address this challenge, we have developed a multi-functional tissue engineering system for CMs that is based on a stretchable multielectrode array (SMEA). The SMEA is housed in a mini-incubator and is stretchable, durable and autoclavable.

ResultsThe system can independently control co-stimulation parameters of electrical and mechanical stimuli simultaneously. Furthermore, the system can monitor the status of the cells throughout their proliferation and differentiation of hiPSCs, as well as the stimulation of hiPSC-CMs, through electrochemical cell impedance spectroscopy. By applying co-stimulation, we have observed the enhanced maturation of hiPSC-CMs.

ConclusionsOur innovative system holds great potential as a tool for improving the culture and engineering of electrogenic cells with enhanced maturity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.-e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.15.540892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring and maturation of cardiomyocyte differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a multi-functional tissue engineering platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Telomere-to-telomere genome of the model plant Physcomitrium patens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.19.541548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The model plant Physcomitrium patens (P. patens) has played a pivotal role in enhancing our comprehension of plant evolution, growth, and development. However, the current genome harbors numerous intricate regions that remain unfinished and erroneous. To address these issues, we present an exemplary assembly of the P. patens nuclear genome, which incorporates telomeres and centromere regions, thereby establishing it as the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome in a non-seed plant. This T2T genome not only dispels the prevailing misconception regarding chromosome number in P. patens but also provides indispensable resources for conducting in-depth studies in moss genomics and biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.19.541548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Telomere-to-telomere genome of the model plant Physcomitrium patens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cancer initiation is influenced by sex-biased tissue environment or imbalanced hormones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.20.541565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is extensive evidence of sex differences in the susceptibility and prognosis of non-reproductive cancers. In addition to external factors, biological sex bias (e.g., sex chromosomes, hormones, and immune function) is suspected to function as a selective pressure that influences the evolutionary process of carcinogenesis. However, there remains a lack of clarity concerning the extent of the effect of sex bias on carcinogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanism. In this study, we show that tissue sex bias, correlated to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, varies among tissues and is associated with two distinct age-specific patterns of cancer incidence: parallel and nonparallel. Additionally, we reveal that imbalances in estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptors are associated with levels of hypoxia-inducible factors, which have three phases (hypoxia, hyperoxia, and "chaotic-oxia") that exist in most cancers and are linked to specific cancer subtypes, including cancers with microsatellites, the CpG island methylator phenotype, or hypermethylation. Our results suggest that sex-biased tissue environments and hormonal imbalances may influence the incidence pattern and direction of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the importance of maintaining hormonal homeostasis for cancer prevention and providing insights toward improving therapies for cancer types with hormonal imbalances.

Plain English summarySex bias has been long observed in cancer susceptibility and prognosis. Hormone difference between the two sexes was believed to play a role. However, the mechanism is still largely unknown. Our study has shown that the activity of one hormone secreted from pituitary, namely gonadotropin-releasing hormone, are correlated to sex-biased tissue environment, which was speculated to influence incidence patterns of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, hormonal imbalance, particularly imbalance in receptors of estrogen and thyroid hormone, which is associated with specific cancer subtypes, was speculated to influence the direction of carcinogenesis.

HighlightsO_LIThere are two distinct patterns of cancer age-specific incidence curve between the two sexes: parallel and nonparallel.
C_LIO_LIThe parallel and nonparallel patterns are associated with sex bias in tissue environments which is correlated with sex-biased activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
C_LIO_LIThree sex-biased mutated genes: PTEN, PGM5 and LARP4B, have tissue-specific hotspot mutations which are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and the proportion of MSI exhibit sex bias in stomach cancer.
C_LIO_LIThree hypoxia induce factors (HIFs) phases: hypoxia, hyperoxia, and "chaotic-oxia", exist in most cancers and are linked to specific cancer subtypes, including cancers with MSI, the CpG island methylator phenotype, and hypermethylation.
C_LIO_LIThe phases of HIFs are associated with imbalances between estrogen receptor alpha and thyroid hormone receptors.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.20.541565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cancer initiation is influenced by sex-biased tissue environment or imbalanced hormones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.21.541605v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spider: a flexible and unified framework for simulating spatial transcriptomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.21.541605v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics technology provides a valuable view for studying cellular heterogeneity due to its ability to simultaneously acquire gene expression profile and cell location information. However, benchmarking these rapidly accumulating spatial transcriptomics analysis tools is challenging owing to the limited diversity and accuracy of "gold standard" data sets annotated by pathologists. To address this issue, we proposed Spider, a flexible and unified simulator for spatial transcriptomics data guided by cell type proportion and transition matrix of adjacent cell types. Taking advantage of a heuristic batched simulated annealing algorithm (BSA) in assigning simulated cell type labels, Spider can generate spatial transcriptomics data for one million cells in just five minutes. Furthermore, Spider can generate various types of spatial transcriptomics data, including immune hot/cold tumor samples by specifying different immune cell proportions and transition matrices and layered tissue samples via an interactive interface. In addition, Spider is also a unified framework for ST data simulation in which we have implemented diverse simulators proposed by other researchers as special cases. We have systematically evaluated the performance of Spider and competing tools, and demonstrated Spiders remarkable power to capture the spatial pattern of the reference dataset. Spider is available at https://github.com/YANG-ERA/Artist.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.21.541605</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spider: a flexible and unified framework for simulating spatial transcriptomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.542010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-specific neutrophils originating from meninges promote glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.23.542010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioma is one of the most aggressive human cancers with limited therapeutic options. Though research has extensively examined immune components in those malignant tumors, the pathophysiological mechanism establishing their immunosuppressive microenvironment remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we report for the first time the unique presence of tumor-specific neutrophils (TSNs) in human glioblastoma (GBM) tumors. This newly defined neutrophil subtype exhibits the high expression of several immunosuppressive genes (e.g., CD274 and IDO1) and is strongly correlated with glioma grades and poor prognosis of patients. TSNs with comparable gene signatures are similarly present in the tumors but not bone marrow or spleen of mouse glioma models. Blockage of TSN recruitment by either Cxcl1-knockout in glioma cells or Cxcr2-deletion in host mice significantly enhances antitumor immunity and inhibits tumor progression. Surprisingly, we further identify the meninges as the key extratumoral source of generating TSNs in both human GBM patients and mouse glioma models. These results have elucidated a novel mechanism of neutrophils designating the tumor immune microenvironment and the essential link of meningeal immunity to glioma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.23.542010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-specific neutrophils originating from meninges promote glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542241v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Projectome-defined subtypes and modular intra-hypothalamic subnetworks of peptidergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542241v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hypothalamus plays a vital role in coordinating essential neuroendocrine, autonomic, and somatomotor responses for survival and reproduction. While previous studies have explored population-level projections of hypothalamic neurons, the specific innervation patterns of individual hypothalamic axons remain unclear. To understand the organization of hypothalamic axon projections, we conducted a comprehensive reconstruction of single-cell projectomes from 7,180 mouse hypothalamic neurons expressing specific neuropeptides. Our analysis identified 31 distinct subtypes based on projectome-defined characteristics, with many exhibiting long-range axon collateral projections to multiple brain regions. Notably, these subtypes selectively targeted specific subdomains within downstream areas, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Furthermore, we observed that individual peptidergic neuronal types encompassed multiple projectome-defined subtypes, explaining their diverse functional roles. Additionally, by examining intra-hypothalamic axon projections, we uncovered six modular subnetworks characterized by enriched intramodular connections and distinct preferences for downstream targets. This modular organization of the intra-hypothalamic network likely contributes to the coordinated organization of hypothalamic outputs. In summary, our comprehensive projectome analysis reveals the organizational principles governing hypothalamic axon projections, providing a framework for understanding the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the diverse and coordinated functions of the hypothalamus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biglari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boxer, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steuernagel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stoop, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sternson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruning, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poo, M.-m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.25.542241</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Projectome-defined subtypes and modular intra-hypothalamic subnetworks of peptidergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542348v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone lactylation antagonizes senescence and skeletal muscle aging via facilitating gene expression reprogramming 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542348v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the prominent drivers of cellular senescence and/or aging is epigenetic alteration, through which orchestrated regulation of gene expression is achieved during the processes. Accumulating endeavors have been devoted to identifying histone modifications-related mechanisms underlying senescence and aging. Here, we show that histone lactylation, a recently identified histone modification bridging metabolism, epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cellular activities in response to internal and external cues, plays a crucial role in counteracting senescence as well as mitigating dysfunctions of skeletal muscle in aged mice. Mechanistically, the abundance of histone lactylation is markedly decreased during senescence and aging but restored following manipulation of the metabolic environment. Genome-wide distribution profiling and gene expression network analysis uncover that the maintenance of histone lactylation level is critical for suppressing senescence and aging programs via targeting of proliferation- and homeostasis-related pathways. We also confirmed that the level of histone lactylation is not only controlled by glycolysis but also regulated by NAD+ content in vivo. More intriguingly, running exercise enhances the level of histone lactylation and reconstructs the cell landscape and communications of mouse skeletal muscle, leading to rejuvenation and functional improvement. Our study highlights the role of histone lactylation in regulating senescence as well as aging-related tissue function, implying that this modification could be used as a novel marker of senescence, and provides a potential target for aging intervention via metabolic manipulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542348</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone lactylation antagonizes senescence and skeletal muscle aging via facilitating gene expression reprogramming]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No Replication of Direct Neuronal Activity-related (DIANA) fMRI in Anesthetized Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Direct imaging of neuronal activity (DIANA) by fMRI could be a revolutionary approach for advancing systems neuroscience research. To independently replicate this observation, we performed fMRI experiments in anesthetized mice. The BOLD response to whisker stimulation was reliably detected in the primary barrel cortex before and after DIANA experiments; however, no direct neuronal activity-like fMRI peak was observed in data of individual animals with the 50-300 trials. Extensively averaged data involving 1,050 trials in 6 mice showed a flat baseline and no detectable neuronal activity-like fMRI peak. However, spurious, non-replicable peaks were found when using a small number of trials, and artifactual peaks were detected when some outlier-like trials were excluded. Further, no detectable DIANA peak was observed in the BOLD-responding thalamus from the selected trials with the neuronal activity-like reference function in the barrel cortex. Thus, we were unable to replicate the previously reported results without data pre-selection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandettini, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menon, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No Replication of Direct Neuronal Activity-related (DIANA) fMRI in Anesthetized Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new MAPK13-guided inhibitor for respiratory inflammation and mucus production 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.26.542451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Common respiratory diseases continue to represent a major public health problem, and much of the morbidity and mortality is due to airway inflammation and mucus production. Previous studies indicated a role for mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in this type of disease, but clinical trials are unsuccessful to date. Our previous work identified a related but distinct kinase known as MAPK13 that is activated in respiratory airway diseases and is required for mucus production in human cell-culture models. Support for MAPK13 function in these models came from effectiveness of MAPK13 versus MAPK14 gene-knockdown and from first-generation MAPK13-14 inhibitors. However, these first-generation inhibitors were incompletely optimized for blocking activity and were untested in vivo. Here we report the next generation and selection of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor (designated NuP-3) that more effectively down-regulates type-2 cytokine-stimulated mucus production in air-liquid interface and organoid cultures of human airway epithelial cells. We also show that NuP-3 treatment prevents respiratory airway inflammation and mucus production in new minipig models of airway disease triggered by type-2 cytokine challenge or respiratory viral infection. The results thereby provide the next advance in developing a small-molecule kinase inhibitor to address key features of respiratory disease.

New and noteworthyThis study describes the discovery of a potent MAPK13-14 inhibitor and its effectiveness in models of respiratory airway disease. The findings thereby provide a scheme for pathogenesis and therapy of lung diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD, Covid-19, post-viral and allergic respiratory disease) and related conditions that implicate MAPK13-14 function. The findings also refine a hypothesis for epithelial and immune cell functions in respiratory disease that features MAPK13 as a possible component of this disease process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keeler, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iberg, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glaser, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yantis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Podgorny, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brody, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chartock, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byers, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtzman, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.26.542451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new MAPK13-guided inhibitor for respiratory inflammation and mucus production]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an evolutionary conserved key component of humoral immunity, and the first antibody isotype to emerge during an immune response. IgM is a large (1 MDa), multimeric protein, for which both hexameric and pentameric structures have been described, the latter additionally containing a joining (J) chain. Using a combination of single-particle mass spectrometry and mass photometry, proteomics and immunochemical assays, we here demonstrate that circulatory (serum) IgM exclusively exists as a complex of J-chain-containing pentamers covalently bound to the small CD5 antigen-like (CD5L, 36 kDa) protein. In sharp contrast, secretory IgM in saliva and milk is principally devoid of CD5L. Unlike IgM itself, CD5L is not produced by B cells, implying that it associates with IgM in the extracellular space. We demonstrate that CD5L integration has functional implications, i.e., it diminishes IgM binding to two of its receptors, the Fc{micro}R and the polymeric Immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). On the other hand, binding to Fc{micro}R as well as complement activation via C1q seem unaffected by CD5L integration. Taken together, we redefine the composition of circulatory IgM as a J-chain containing pentamer, always in complex with CD5L.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oskam, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>den Boer, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lukassen, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ooijevaar-de Heer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veth, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Mierlo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derksen, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, V. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Streutker, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franc, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siborova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kos, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barendregt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bondt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Goudoever, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haas, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aerts, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muts, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rooijakkers, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidarsson, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rispens, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD5L is a canonical component of circulatory IgM]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542561v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ripening and synchronization of biomolecular condensates in a heterogeneous elastic medium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542561v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, but their behavior in chromatin remains poorly understood. Classical theories of phase separation are limited to thermal equilibrium, and traditional methods can only simulate a limited number of condensates. In this paper, we introduce a novel mean-field-like method that allows us to simulate millions of condensates in a heterogeneous elastic medium to model the dynamics of transcriptional condensates in chromatin. Using this method, we unveil an elastic ripening process in which the average condensate radius exhibits a unique temporal scaling, [&lt;]R[&gt;] [~] t1/5, different from the classical Ostwald ripening, and we theoretically derive the exponent based on energy conservation and scale invariance. We also introduce active dissolution to model the degradation of transcriptional condensates upon RNA accumulation. Surprisingly, three different kinetics of condensate growth emerge, corresponding to constitutively expressed, transcriptional-bursting, and silenced genes. Notably, multiple distributions of transcriptional-bursting kinetics from simulations, e.g., the burst frequency, agree with transcriptome-wide experimental data. Furthermore, the timing of growth initiation can be synchronized among bursting condensates, with power-law scaling between the synchronization period and dissolution rate. Our results shed light on the complex interplay between biomolecular condensates and the elastic medium, with important implications for gene expression regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542561</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ripening and synchronization of biomolecular condensates in a heterogeneous elastic medium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual-color GRAB sensors for monitoring spatiotemporal serotonin release in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.27.542566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The serotonergic system plays important roles in both physiological and pathological processes, and is a widely used therapeutic target for many psychiatric disorders. Although several genetically encoded GFP-based serotonin (5-HT) sensors were recently developed, their sensitivities and spectral profiles are relatively limited. To overcome these limitations, we optimized green fluorescent G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-activation-based 5-HT (GRAB5-HT) sensors and developed a new red fluorescent GRAB5-HT sensor. These sensors have excellent cell surface trafficking, high specificity, sensitivity, and spatiotemporal resolution, making them suitable for monitoring 5-HT dynamics in vivo. Besides recording subcortical 5-HT release in freely moving mice, we observed both uniform and gradient 5-HT release in the mouse dorsal cortex with mesoscopic imaging. Finally, we performed dual-color imaging and observed seizure-induced waves of 5-HT release throughout the cortex following calcium and endocannabinoid waves. In summary, these 5-HT sensors can offer valuable insights regarding the serotonergic system in both physiological and pathological states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.27.542566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual-color GRAB sensors for monitoring spatiotemporal serotonin release in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.541705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IPEV: Identification of Prokaryotic and Ekaryotic Vrus-derived sequences in virome using deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.541705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe virome obtained through virus-like particle enrichment contain a mixture of prokaryotic and eukaryotic virus-derived fragments. Accurate identification and classification of these elements are crucial for understanding their roles and functions in microbial communities. However, the rapid mutation rates of viral genomes pose challenges in developing high-performance tools for classification, potentially limiting downstream analyses.

FindingsWe present IPEV, a novel method that combines trinucleotide pair relative distance and frequency with a 2D convolutional neural network for distinguishing prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses in viromes. Cross-validation assessments of IPEV demonstrate its state-of-the-art precision, significantly improving the F1-score by approximately 22% on an independent test set compared to existing methods when query viruses share less than 30% sequence similarity with known viruses. Furthermore, IPEV outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy on most real virome samples when using sequence alignments as annotations. Notably, IPEV reduces runtime by 50 times compared to existing methods under the same computing configuration. We utilized IPEV to reanalyze longitudinal samples and found that the gut virome exhibits a higher degree of temporal stability than previously observed in persistent personal viromes, providing novel insights into the resilience of the gut virome in individuals.

ConclusionsIPEV is a high-performance, user-friendly tool that assists biologists in identifying and classifying prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses within viromes. The tool is available at https://github.com/basehc/IPEV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.541705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IPEV: Identification of Prokaryotic and Ekaryotic Vrus-derived sequences in virome using deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542614v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fingering instability accelerates population growth of an expanding cell collective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542614v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During the expansion of a cell collective, such as the development of microbial colonies and tumor progression, the local cell growth increases the local pressure, which in turn suppresses cell growth. How this pressure-growth coupling affects the expansion of a cell collective remains unclear. Here, we answer this question using a continuum model of cell collective. We find that a fast-growing leading front and a slow-growing interior of the cell collective emerge due to the pressure-dependent growth rate. The leading front can exhibit fingering instability and we confirm the predicted instability criteria numerically with the leading front explicitly simulated. Intriguingly, we find that fingering instability is not only a consequence of local cell growth but also enhances the entire populations growth rate as positive feedback. Our work unveils the fitness advantage of fingering formation quantitatively and suggests that the ability to form protrusion can be evolutionarily selected.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.542614</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fingering instability accelerates population growth of an expanding cell collective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PIP2 electrostatically triggers vesicle fusion: arresting full SNARE assembly and vesicle fusion by PIP2-masking 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.28.542642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SNARE proteins drive vesicle fusion and neurotransmitters release. Given that exocytosis is fast, and vesicle docking is tight, SNARE proteins are likely pre-assembled before fusion. However, the molecular mechanisms of the partially-assembled SNARE complex remain controversial. We use amperometry and the reconstitution of native vesicle fusion to show that MARCKS arrests basal fusion by masking PIP2 in a vesicle docking state where the SNARE complex is partially assembled. Ca2+/CaM or PKC-epsilon unmask PIP2 through the MARCKS dissociation, and thus rescue basal fusion and potentiates synaptotagmin-1-mediated Ca2+-dependent vesicle fusion. Our data provide the novel model that PIP2 electrostatically triggers vesicle fusion by lowering the hydration energy, and that masking PIP2 arrests vesicle fusion in a state of the partial SNARE assembly. Vesicle-mimicking liposomes fail to arrest vesicle fusion by masking PIP2, indicating that native vesicles are essential for the reconstitution of physiological vesicle fusion.

One Sentence SummaryMasking PIP2 by MARCKS arrests the full SNARE assembly and vesicle fusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moussa, H. Y. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ponraj, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, O.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mansour, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.28.542642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PIP2 electrostatically triggers vesicle fusion: arresting full SNARE assembly and vesicle fusion by PIP2-masking]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Closed ecosystems extract energy through self-organized nutrient cycles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Our planet is a self-sustaining ecosystem powered by light energy from the sun, but roughly closed to matter. Many ecosystems on Earth are also approximately closed to matter and recycle nutrients by self-organizing stable nutrient cycles, e.g., microbial mats, lakes, open ocean gyres. However, existing ecological models do not exhibit the self-organization and dynamical stability widely observed in such planetary-scale ecosystems. Here, we advance a new conceptual model that explains the self-organization, stability and emergent features of closed microbial ecosystems. Our model incorporates the bioenergetics of metabolism into an ecological framework. By studying this model, we uncover a crucial thermodynamic feedback loop that enables metabolically diverse communities to almost always stabilize nutrient cycles. Surprisingly, highly diverse communities self-organize to extract{approx} 10% of the maximum extractable energy, or{approx} 100 fold more than randomized communities. Further, with increasing diversity, distinct ecosystems show strongly correlated fluxes through nutrient cycles. However, as the driving force from light increases, the fluxes of nutrient cycles become more variable and species-dependent. Our results highlight that self-organization promotes the efficiency and stability of complex ecosystems at extracting energy from the environment, even in the absence of any centralized coordination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goyal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flamholz, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petroff, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murugan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Closed ecosystems extract energy through self-organized nutrient cycles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIMLET: A Unified Graph-Text Model for Instruction-Based Molecule Zero-Shot Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.30.542904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecule property prediction has gained significant attention in recent years. The main bottleneck is the label insufficiency caused by expensive lab experiments. In order to alleviate this issue and to better leverage textual knowledge for tasks, this study investigates the feasibility of employing natural language instructions to accomplish molecule-related tasks in a zero-shot setting. We discover that existing molecule-text models perform poorly in this setting due to inadequate treatment of instructions and limited capacity for graphs. To overcome these issues, we propose GIMLET, which unifies language models for both graph and text data. By adopting generalized position embedding, our model is extended to encode both graph structures and instruction text without additional graph encoding modules. GIMLET also decouples encoding of the graph from tasks instructions in the attention mechanism, enhancing the generalization of graph features across novel tasks. We construct a dataset consisting of more than two thousand molecule tasks with corresponding instructions derived from task descriptions. We pretrain GIMLET on the molecule tasks along with instructions, enabling the model to transfer effectively to a broad range of tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that GIMLET significantly outperforms molecule-text baselines in instruction-based zero-shot learning, even achieving closed results to supervised GNN models on tasks such as toxcast and muv.1
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.30.542904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIMLET: A Unified Graph-Text Model for Instruction-Based Molecule Zero-Shot Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental Alterations in Brain Network Asymmetry in 3- to 9-Month Infants with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.31.543147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auditory exposure plays crucial roles in shaping healthy brain development and generating lateralization of functional network organization. However, little is known about whether and how an initial lack of auditory exposure in early infancy may disrupt development of functional network lateralization. We addressed this issue by recruiting 55 infants with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 60 typically developing (TD) controls. Resting-state fNIRS imaging data were acquired to construct hemispheric cerebral networks, and graph theory was applied to quantify the topological characteristics of hemispheric networks. The infants with SNHL exhibited efficient small-world characteristic within each hemispheric network, however, the lateralization of functional network efficiency was substantially disrupted. Compared with TD infants with significantly increased network efficiency lateralized toward left hemisphere with age, the SNHL infants did not exhibit the emergence and development of such cerebral lateralization. Furthermore, the increased leftward asymmetry in nodal efficiency with age was found in TD but not in SNHL infants. Interestingly, the degree of hearing loss had no correlation with lateralization strength in the SNHL group. These results suggest that SNHL infants exhibited disrupted development of cortical lateralization in functional network organization, and highlight the importance of auditory stimulation-promoted multisensory functional integration in early infancy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bortfeld, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.05.31.543147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental Alterations in Brain Network Asymmetry in 3- to 9-Month Infants with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543587v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mendelian randomization analysis with pleiotropy-robust log-linear model for binary outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543587v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a statistical technique that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causality between traits. In dealing with a binary outcome, there are two challenging barriers on the way toward a valid MR analysis, that is, the inconsistency of the traditional ratio estimator and the existence of horizontal pleiotropy. Recent MR methods mainly focus on handling pleiotropy with summary statistics. Many of them cannot be easily applied to one-sample MR. We propose two novel individual data-based methods, respectively named random-effects and fixed-effects MR-PROLLIM, to surmount both barriers. These two methods adopt risk ratio (RR) to define the causal effect for a continuous or binary exposure. The random-effects MR-PROLLIM models correlated pleiotropy, accounts for variant selection, and allows weaker instruments. The fixed-effects MR-PROLLIM can function with only a few selected variants. We demonstrate in this study that the random-effects MR-PROLLIM exhibits high statistical power while yielding fewer false-positive detections than its competitors. The fixed-effects MR-PROLLIM generally performs at an intermediate level between the classical median and mode estimators. In our UK Biobank data analyses, we also found (i) the MR ratio method tended to underestimate binary exposure effects to a large extent; (ii) about 26.5% of the trait pairs were detected to have significant correlated pleiotropy; (iii) the pleiotropy-sensitive method showed estimated relative biases ranging from -103.7% to 178.0% for inferred non-zero effects. MR-PROLLIM exhibits the potential to facilitate a more rigorous and robust MR analysis for binary outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.03.543587</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mendelian randomization analysis with pleiotropy-robust log-linear model for binary outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A deep learning-based drug repurposing screening and validation for anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds by targeting the cell entry mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.03.543589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a severe threat to the global public health and economy, however, effective drugs to treat COVID-19 are still lacking. Here, we employ a deep learning-based drug repositioning strategy to systematically screen potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates that target the cell entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus from 2,635 FDA-approved drugs and 1,062 active ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs. In silico molecular docking analysis validates the interactions between the top compounds and host receptors or viral spike proteins. Using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system, we further identify several drug candidates including Fostamatinib, Linagliptin, Lysergol and Sophoridine that can effectively block the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants into human lung cells even at a nanomolar scale. These efforts not only illuminate the feasibility of applying deep learning-based drug repositioning for antiviral agents by targeting a specified mechanism, but also provide a valuable resource of promising drug candidates or lead compounds to treat COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.03.543589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A deep learning-based drug repurposing screening and validation for anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds by targeting the cell entry mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A mutation-mediated host shift drives Avian paramyxovirus type 1 evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.05.543675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PPMV-1, an antigenic variant of APMV-1, associated with specific pigeon host species. However, its evolutionary strategy and underlying drivers of host specificity remain unknown. In this study, we collect the outbreak data on a global scale to investigate its evolutionary dynamics, and provide an evidence-supported analysis the host shift of PPMV-1 from chickens to pigeons, and this shift is driven by the P protein. Our data indicated that the viruses in the United States and China have undergone convergent evolution. We find that three mutations of P protein, especially R163G, can significantly affect the adaptation of APMV-1 in pigeons. Mechanistically, sensor LSm14A inhibits the replication APMV-1 in DF-1 cells, and R163G substitutionon P protein increase LSm14A degradation. We propose the host shift drive the evolution of PPMV-1 and the underlying mechanism, offering new insights into the adaptive evolutionary process of the virus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.05.543675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A mutation-mediated host shift drives Avian paramyxovirus type 1 evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Warming and altered precipitation independently and interactively suppress alpine soil microbial growth in a decadal-long experiment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Warming and precipitation anomalies affect terrestrial carbon balance partly through altering microbial eco-physiological processes (e.g., growth and death) in soil. However, little is known about how such processes responds to simultaneous regime shifts in temperature and precipitation. We used the 18O-water quantitative stable isotope probing approach to estimate bacterial growth in alpine meadow soils of the Tibetan Plateau after a decade of warming and altered precipitation manipulation. Our results showed that the growth of major taxa was suppressed by the single and combined effects of temperature and precipitation, eliciting 40-90% of growth reduction of whole community. The antagonistic interactions of warming and altered precipitation on population growth were common (~70% taxa), represented by the weak antagonistic interactions of warming and drought, and the neutralizing effects of warming and wet. The members in Solirubrobacter and Pseudonocardia genera had high growth rates under changed climate regimes. These results are important to understand and predict the soil microbial dynamics in alpine meadow ecosystems suffering from multiple climate change factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ruan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Warming and altered precipitation independently and interactively suppress alpine soil microbial growth in a decadal-long experiment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale models reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation drives hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.08.544276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RationaleOver 200 mutations in the sarcomeric protein {beta}-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, different mutations in MYH7 lead to variable penetrance and clinical severity, and alter myosin function to varying degrees, making it difficult to determine genotype-phenotype relationships, especially when caused by rare gene variants such as the G256E mutation.

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the effects of low penetrant MYH7 G256E mutation on myosin function. We hypothesize that the G256E mutation would alter myosin function, precipitating compensatory responses in cellular functions.

MethodsWe developed a collaborative pipeline to characterize myosin function at multiple scales (protein to myofibril to cell to tissue). We also used our previously published data on other mutations to compare the degree to which myosin function was altered.

ResultsAt the protein level, the G256E mutation disrupts the transducer region of the S1 head and reduces the fraction of myosin in the folded-back state by 50.9%, suggesting more myosins available for contraction. Myofibrils isolated from hiPSC-CMs CRISPR-edited with G256E (MYH7WT/G256E) generated greater tension, had faster tension development and slower early phase relaxation, suggesting altered myosin-actin crossbridge cycling kinetics. This hypercontractile phenotype persisted in single-cell hiPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic and metabolic profiling demonstrated upregulation of mitochondrial genes and increased mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered bioenergetics as an early feature of HCM.

ConclusionsMYH7 G256E mutation causes structural instability in the transducer region, leading to hypercontractility across scales, perhaps from increased myosin recruitment and altered crossbridge cycling. Hypercontractile function of the mutant myosin was accompanied by increased mitochondrial respiration, while cellular hypertrophy was modest in the physiological stiffness environment. We believe that this multi-scale platform will be useful to elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships underlying other genetic cardiovascular diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vander Roest, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blair, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bremner, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Childers, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heinrich, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chirikian, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohran, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahng, J. W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paik, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunawardane, R. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spudich, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppel, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pruitt, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regnier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.08.544276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale models reveal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy MYH7 G256E mutation drives hypercontractility and elevated mitochondrial respiration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544270v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the Mathematics of RNA Velocity II: Algorithmic Aspects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544270v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a previous paper [CSIAM Trans. Appl. Math. 2 (2021), 1-55], the authors proposed a theoretical framework for the analysis of RNA velocity, which is a promising concept in scRNA-seq data analysis to reveal the cell state-transition dynamical processes underlying snapshot data. The current paper is devoted to the algorithmic study of some key components in RNA velocity workflow. Four important points are addressed in this paper: (1) We construct a rational time-scale fixation method which can determine the global gene-shared latent time for cells. (2) We present an uncertainty quantification strategy for the inferred parameters obtained through the EM algorithm. (3) We establish the optimal criterion for the choice of velocity kernel bandwidth with respect to the sample size in the downstream analysis and discuss its implications. (4) We propose a temporal distance estimation approach between two cell clusters along the cellular development path. Some illustrative numerical tests are also carried out to verify our analysis. These results are intended to provide tools and insights in further development of RNA velocity type methods in the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guoguo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.09.544270</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the Mathematics of RNA Velocity II: Algorithmic Aspects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Profiling The Compendium Of Changes In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Due To Mutations That Alter Availability Of The Main Methyl Donor S-Adenosylmethionine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.09.544294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode for S-AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) synthetase enzymes, with AdoMet serving as the main methyl donor. We have previously shown that independent deletion of these genes alters chromosome stability and AdoMet concentrations in opposite ways in S. cerevisiae. To characterize other changes occurring in these mutants, we grew wildtype, sam1{Delta}/sam1{Delta}, and sam2{Delta}/sam2{Delta} strains in 15 different Phenotypic Microarray plates with different components, equal to 1440 wells, and measured for growth variations. RNA-Sequencing was also carried out on these strains and differential gene expression determined for each mutant. In this study, we explore how the phenotypic growth differences are linked to the altered gene expression, and thereby predict the mechanisms by which loss of the SAM genes and subsequent AdoMet level changes, impact S. cerevisiae pathways and processes. We present six stories, discussing changes in sensitivity or resistance to azoles, cisplatin, oxidative stress, arginine biosynthesis perturbations, DNA synthesis inhibitors, and tamoxifen, to demonstrate the power of this novel methodology to broadly profile changes due to gene mutations. The large number of conditions that result in altered growth, as well as the large number of differentially expressed genes with wide-ranging functionality, speaks to the broad array of impacts that altering methyl donor abundance can impart, even when the conditions tested were not specifically selected as targeting known methyl involving pathways. Our findings demonstrate that some cellular changes are directly related to AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases and AdoMet availability, some are directly linked to the methyl cycle and its role is production of several important cellular components, and others reveal impacts of SAM gene mutations on previously unconnected pathways.

AUTHOR SUMMARYS-AdenosylMethionine, or AdoMet, is the main methyl donor in all cells. Methylation reactions are used broadly and impact numerous processes and pathways. The SAM1 and SAM2 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are responsible for producing the enzymes called S-Adenosylmethionine synthetases, which make AdoMet from methionine and ATP. Our previous research showed that when these genes are deleted independently, they have opposite effects on AdoMet levels and chromosome stability. To advance our understanding of the wide array of changes going on in cells with these gene deletions we characterized our mutants phenotypically, growing in various different conditions to look for growth changes, and for their different gene expression profiles. In this study, we investigated how the differences in growth patterns are connected to the altered gene expression, and thereby were able to predict the mechanisms through which the loss of the SAM genes affects different pathways. Our investigations have uncovered novel mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance to many conditions and shown linkages to AdoMet availability, AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases, methyl cycle compounds, or new connections to sam1 and sam2 gene deletions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Remines, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnoover, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kailee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffert, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coric, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mead, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ampfer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seye, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strome, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.09.544294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Profiling The Compendium Of Changes In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Due To Mutations That Alter Availability Of The Main Methyl Donor S-Adenosylmethionine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.11.544004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome duplications, genomic conflict, and rapid phenotypic evolution characterize the Cretaceous radiation of Fagales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.11.544004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIFlowering plant lineages display remarkable diversity in life history and morphological form. However our understanding of how this phenotypic diversity or disparity, arises and what, if any, relation there is to processes such as gene and genome duplication remains unlcear.
C_LIO_LIHere we investigate the relationship between phenotypic and genomic evolution in the angiosperm order Fagales, a lineage of woody plants that has been a dominant component of temperate and subtropical forests since the Late Cretaceous. To this end, we examine newly generated trait and transcriptomic datasets spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the order, including most extant genera as well as a rich diversity of Cretaceous fossil representatives.
C_LIO_LIOur phylogenomic analyses resolved the location of an ancient polyploidization event in Juglandaceae and identified hotspots of gene-duplication and genomic conflict across the order. Examinations of phenotypic evolution (including morphospace occupancy and rate shifts) show that the morphospace occupied by Fagales was filled by the early Cenozoic and rates of evolution were highest during the early radiation of the Fagales crown and its major families. Many instances of phenotypic rates also correspond to hotspots of gene duplication.
C_LIO_LIOur results show that Fagales conform to an "early burst" model of phenotypic diversification, with morphospace being filled early in the groups evolutionary history. Our study is consistent with others showing a decoupling of species diversification with other biological processes (e.g., phenotypic and genomic evolution), underscoring the complexity of understanding the major drivers of plant evolution over broad timescales.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stull, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.11.544004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome duplications, genomic conflict, and rapid phenotypic evolution characterize the Cretaceous radiation of Fagales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544536v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining the single base importance of human mRNAs and lncRNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544536v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the fundamental unit of a gene and its transcripts, nucleotides have enormous impacts on molecular function and evolution, and thus on phenotypes and diseases. Given that different nucleotides on one gene often exhibit diverse levels of effects, it is quite crucial to comprehensively and quantitatively measure the importance of each base on a gene transcript, however, tools are still not available. Here we proposed Base Importance Calculator (BIC), an algorithm to calculate the importance score of single bases based on sequence information of human mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We then confirmed its power by applying BIC to three different tasks. Firstly, we revealed that BIC can effectively evaluate the pathogenicity of both genes and single bases by analyzing the BIC scores and the pathogenicity of single nucleotide variations (SNVs). Moreover, the BIC score in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) somatic mutations is able to predict the prognosis of some cancers. Finally, we show that BIC can also precisely predict the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. The above results indicate that BIC is a useful tool for evaluating the single base important of human mRNAs and lncRNAs.

Key PointsO_LIBIC could measure the single base importance of human mRNAs and lncRNAs.
C_LIO_LIBIC could be applied to many aspects including measuring the pathogenicity of SNVs and enhancing the ability of predicting cancer survival.
C_LIO_LIBIC could predict the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544536</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining the single base importance of human mRNAs and lncRNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544618v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unraveling the dynamic transcriptomic changes during the dimorphic transition of Talaromyces marneffei through time-course analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544618v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systemic dimorphic fungi pose a significant public health challenge, causing over one million new infections annually. The dimorphic transition between saprophytic mycelia and pathogenic yeasts is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of dimorphic fungi. However, despite the dynamic nature of dimorphic transition, the current omics studies focused on dimorphic transition primarily employ static strategies, partly due to the lack of suitable dynamic analytical methods. Here, we firstly conducted time-course transcriptional profiling during the dimorphic transition of Talaromyces marneffei, a model organism for thermally dimorphic fungi. Then, we identified 5,223 dimorphic transition induced genes (DTIGs) by developing DyGAM-NS (dynamic optimized generalized additive model with natural cubic smoothing), a model that enables the capture of non-uniform and nonlinear transcriptional changes during intricate biological processes. Notably, the DyGAM-NS outperformed other commonly used models, achieving the highest F1-score in DTIGs identification. The cluster analysis of DTIGs suggests differential functional involvement of genes at distinct stages of dimorphic transition. Moreover, we observed divergent gene expression patterns between mycelium-to-yeast and yeast-to-mycelium transitions, indicating the asymmetrical nature of two transition directions. Additionally, leveraging the identified DTIGs, we constructed a regulatory network for the dimorphic transition and identified two zinc finger-containing transcription factors that potentially regulate dimorphic transition in T. marneffei. In summary, our study not only elucidates the dynamic changes in transcriptional profiles during the dimorphic transition of T. marneffei but also provides a novel perspective for unraveling the underlying mechanisms of fungal dimorphism.

IMPORTANCEThe dimorphic transition, i.e., morphological switch between saprophytic mycelia and pathogenic yeasts, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of dimorphic fungi. However, the underlying mechanisms of dimorphic transition remain poorly understood, partly due to the lack of dynamic analytical methods suitable for its intricate nature. In the current study, we dissected the dynamic transcriptional profiles of dimorphic transition with a model thermally dimorphic fungus, T. marneffei, by developing a novel analytical method, DyGAM-NS. We proved that DyGAM-NS was more powerful in capturing the non-uniform and nonlinear gene expression variations during the dimorphic transition. With DyGAM-NS, we identified a repertoire of genes associated with dimorphic transition, and comprehensively unraveled distinct functions and expression patterns at different transition stages of T. marneffei, which offers novel perspectives regarding the mechanistic underpinnings of fungal dimorphism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544618</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unraveling the dynamic transcriptomic changes during the dimorphic transition of Talaromyces marneffei through time-course analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglial P2Y6 calcium signaling promotes phagocytosis and shapes neuroimmune responses in epileptogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.12.544691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglial calcium signaling is rare in a baseline state but shows strong engagement during early epilepsy development. The mechanism and purpose behind microglial calcium signaling is not known. By developing an in vivo UDP fluorescent sensor, GRABUDP1.0, we discovered that UDP release is a conserved response to seizures and excitotoxicity across brain regions. UDP signals to the microglial P2Y6 receptor for broad increases in calcium signaling during epileptogenesis. UDP-P2Y6 signaling is necessary for lysosome upregulation across limbic brain regions and enhances production of pro-inflammatory cytokines--TNF and IL-1{beta}. Failures in lysosome upregulation, observed in P2Y6 KO mice, can also be phenocopied by attenuating microglial calcium signaling in Calcium Extruder ("CalEx") mice. In the hippocampus, only microglia with P2Y6 expression can perform full neuronal engulfment, which substantially reduces CA3 neuron survival and impairs cognition. Our results demonstrate that calcium activity, driven by UDP-P2Y6 signaling, is a signature of phagocytic and pro-inflammatory function in microglia during epileptogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Umpierre, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayasoufi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.12.544691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglial P2Y6 calcium signaling promotes phagocytosis and shapes neuroimmune responses in epileptogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544862v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NOP16 is a histone mimetic that regulates Histone H3K27 methylation and gene repression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.13.544862v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications of histone tails alter chromatin accessibility to regulate gene expression. Some viruses exploit the importance of histone modifications by expressing histone mimetic proteins that contain histone-like sequences to sequester complexes that recognize modified histones. Here we identify an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed, endogenous mammalian protein Nucleolar protein 16 (NOP16) that functions as a H3K27 mimic. NOP16 binds to EED in the H3K27 trimethylation PRC2 complex and to the H3K27 demethylase JMJD3. NOP16 knockout selectively globally increases H3K27me3, a heterochromatin mark, without altering methylation of H3K4, H3K9, or H3K36 or acetylation of H3K27. NOP16 is overexpressed and linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer. Depletion of NOP16 in breast cancer cell lines causes cell cycle arrest, decreases cell proliferation and selectively decreases expression of E2F target genes and of genes involved in cell cycle, growth and apoptosis. Conversely, ectopic NOP16 expression in triple negative breast cancer cell lines increases cell proliferation, cell migration and invasivity in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, while NOP16 knockout or knockdown has the opposite effect. Thus, NOP16 is a histone mimic that competes with Histone H3 for H3K27 methylation and demethylation. When it is overexpressed in cancer, it derepresses genes that promote cell cycle progression to augment breast cancer growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takashima, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trovero, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mistry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Haddad, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshiumi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lieberman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greer, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.13.544862</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NOP16 is a histone mimetic that regulates Histone H3K27 methylation and gene repression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring phytoconstituents of Juglans regia to treat cervical cancer using integrative Bioinformatics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy among women, which also turns out to be the most common cause of death in women worldwide. Medicinal plants have traditionally been used to treat various diseases and disorders. The current study utilizes the molecular docking technique to investigate the anticancer potential of Juglans regia phytoconstituents against cervical cancer target proteins. This study includes the microarray dataset analysis of GSE63678 from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, network biology approaches were employed to construct protein-protein interaction of differentially expressed genes. Next, the computation of topological parameters utilizing Cytohubba renders the top five hub genes (IGF1, FGF2, ESR1, MYL9, and MYH11). In addition, Juglans regia phytocompounds mined from the IMPPAT database were subjected to molecular docking analysis against identified hub genes. The application of molecular dynamics simulation validated the stability of prioritized docked complexes with minimum binding energy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dua, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhardwaj, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Somvanshi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.15.545164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring phytoconstituents of Juglans regia to treat cervical cancer using integrative Bioinformatics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overlooked Candida glabrata petites are echinocandin tolerant, induce host inflammatory responses, and display poor in vivo fitness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.15.545195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small colony variants (SCVs) are relatively common among some bacterial species and are associated with poor prognosis and recalcitrant infections. Similarly, Candida glabrata - a major intracellular fungal pathogen - produces small and slow-growing respiratory-deficient colonies, termed "petite." Despite reports of clinical petite C. glabrata strains, our understanding of petite behavior in the host remains obscure. Moreover, controversies exist regarding in-host petite fitness and its clinical relevance. Herein, we employed whole-genome sequencing (WGS), dual-RNAseq, and extensive ex vivo and in vivo studies to fill this knowledge gap. WGS identified multiple petite-specific mutations in nuclear and mitochondrially-encoded genes. Consistent with dual-RNAseq data, petite C. glabrata cells did not replicate inside host macrophages and were outcompeted by their non-petite parents in macrophages and in gut colonization and systemic infection mouse models. The intracellular petites showed hallmarks of drug tolerance and were relatively insensitive to the fungicidal activity of echinocandin drugs. Petite-infected macrophages exhibited a pro-inflammatory and type I IFN-skewed transcriptional program. Interrogation of international C. glabrata blood isolates (n=1000) showed that petite prevalence varies by country, albeit at an overall low prevalence (0-3.5%). Collectively, our study sheds new light on the genetic basis, drug susceptibility, clinical prevalence, and host-pathogen responses of a clinically overlooked phenotype in a major fungal pathogen.

ImportanceCandida glabrata is a major fungal pathogen, which is able to lose mitochondria and form small and slow-growing colonies, called "petite". This attenuated growth rate has created controversies and questioned the clinical importance of petiteness. Herein, we have employed multiple omicstechnologies and in vivo mouse models to critically assess the clinical importance of petite phenotype. Our WGS identifies multiple genes potentially underpinning petite phenotype. Interestingly, petite C. glabrata cells engulfed by macrophages are dormant and therefore are not killed by the frontline antifungal drugs. Interestingly, macrophages infected with petite cells mount distinct transcriptomic responses. Consistent with our ex-vivo observations, mitochondrial-proficient parental strains outcompete petites during systemic and gut colonization. Retrospective examination of C. glabrata isolates identified petite prevalence a rare entity, can significantly vary from country to country. Collectively, our study overcomes the existing controversies and provides novel insights regarding the clinical relevance of petite C. glabrata isolates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Amir Arastehfar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneshnia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hovhannisyan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuentes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabrera, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quinteros, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilkit, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ünal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hilmioglu-Polat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jabeen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaka, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Desai, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lass-Flörl, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shor, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabaldon, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perlin, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.15.545195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overlooked Candida glabrata petites are echinocandin tolerant, induce host inflammatory responses, and display poor in vivo fitness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KaScape: A sequencing-based method for global characterization of protein-DNA binding affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It is difficult to exhaustively screen all possible DNA binding sequences for a given transcription factor (TF). Here, we develop a method named "KaScape", by which, TFs bind to all possible DNA sequences in the same DNA pool where the DNA sequences are prepared by randomized oligo synthesis and the random length can be adjusted to, e.g., 4, 5, 6, or 7, etc. After separating the bound from unbound double-strand DNA, their sequences are determined by next-generation sequencing. To demonstrate the relative binding affinities of all possible DNA sequences determined by KaScape, we develop a three-dimensional KaScape viewing software based on a K-mer graph. We apply KaScape to 12 plant TF family AtWRKY proteins and find that all AtWRKY proteins bind to the core sequence GAC with similar profiles. KaScape not only can detect binding sequences that are consistent with the consensus W-box "TTGAC(C/T)", but also other sequences with weak affinity. KaScape provides a high-throughput, easy-to-operate, sensitive, and exhaustive method to quantitatively characterize the relative binding strength of a TF to all possible binding sequences, allowing us to comprehensively characterize the specificity and affinity landscape of transcription factors, particularly for moderate and low affinity binding sites.

HighlightsO_LIA general method, KaScape, using NGS (next-generation sequencing) with a series of random dsDNA for exhaustive characterization of protein-DNA binding.
C_LIO_LIA K-mer-based analysis and display software tool KGViewer developed to analyze the relative affinity landscape of KaScape results.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KaScape: A sequencing-based method for global characterization of protein-DNA binding affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biochemical and chemical biological approaches to mammalian sleep: roles of calcineurin in site-specific dephosphorylation and sleep regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.19.545643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding of sleep mechanisms traditionally rely on electrophysiology and genetics but here we have initiated biochemical and chemical biological studies. Sleep was increased in mouse mutants with an alanine replacing threonine at residue 469 (T469A) of the salt inducible kinase 3 (SIK3). We searched for T469 phosphatases by classic purification with HEK293 cells and by a new photo-crosslinking method with mouse brains. Both led to PPP3CA, a catalytic subunit of calcium/calmodulin activated phosphatase (calcineurin). It dephosphorylated T469 and serine (S) 551 but not T221 in SIK3 in vitro. PPP3CA knockdown increased phosphorylation of T469 and S551 but not T221 in mouse brains. Knockdown of its regulatory subunit PPP3R1 significantly reduced daily sleep by more than 5 hours, exceeding other known mouse mutants. Our results have uncovered in vitro and in vivo evidence for site-specific SIK3 dephosphorylation by calcineurin, demonstrated a physiological role for calcineurin in sleep, and suggested sleep control by calcium dependent dephosphorylation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.19.545643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biochemical and chemical biological approaches to mammalian sleep: roles of calcineurin in site-specific dephosphorylation and sleep regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.544125v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal Control of Genomics and Epigenomics by Ultrasound 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.544125v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a revolutionary technology for genome editing. Its derived technologies such as CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) further allow transcriptional and epigenetic modulations. Focused ultrasound (FUS) can penetrate deep in biological tissues and induce mild hyperthermia in a confined region to activate heat-sensitive genes. Here we engineer a set of CRISPR(a/i) tools containing heat-sensitive genetic modules controllable by FUS for the regulation of genome and epigenome in live cells and animals. We demonstrated the capabilities of FUS-inducible CRISPRa, CRISPRi, and CRISPR (FUS-CRISPR(a/i)) to upregulate, repress, and knockout exogenous and/or endogenous genes, respectively, in different cell types. We further targeted FUS-CRISPR to telomeres in tumor cells to induce telomere disruption, inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing tumor susceptibility to killing by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells. FUS-CRISPR-mediated telomere disruption for tumor priming combined with CAR-T therapy demonstrated synergistic therapeutic effects in xenograft mouse models. The FUS-CRISPR(a/i) toolbox allows the remote, noninvasive, and spatiotemporal control of genomic and epigenomic reprogramming in vivo, with extended applications in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Situ, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyquem, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.544125</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal Control of Genomics and Epigenomics by Ultrasound]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Storm: Incorporating transient dynamics to infer the RNA velocity with metabolic labeling information 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.545990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe time-resolved scRNA-seq (tscRNA-seq) provides the possibility to infer physically meaningful kinetic parameters, e.g., the transcription, splicing or RNA degradation rate constants with correct magnitudes, and RNA velocities by incorporating temporal information. Previous approaches utilizing the deterministic dynamics and steady-state assumption on gene expression states are insufficient to achieve favorable results for the data involving transient process. We present a dynamical approach, Storm (Stochastic models of RNA metabolic-labeling), to overcome these limitations by solving stochastic differential equations of gene expression dynamics. The derivation reveals that the new mRNA sequencing data obeys different types of cell-specific Poisson distributions when jointly considering both biological and cell-specific technical noise. Storm deals with measured counts data directly and extends the RNA velocity methodology based on metabolic labeling scRNA-seq data to transient stochastic systems. Furthermore, we relax the constant parameter assumption over genes/cells to obtain gene-cell-specific transcription/splicing rates and gene-specific degradation rates, thus revealing time-dependent and cell-state specific transcriptional regulations. Storm will facilitate the study of the statistical properties of tscRNA-seq data, eventually advancing our understanding of the dynamic transcription regulation during development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.545990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Storm: Incorporating transient dynamics to infer the RNA velocity with metabolic labeling information]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.546012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular pathway of mitochondrial preprotein import through the TOM-TIM23 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.21.546012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most mitochondrial proteins need to be imported from the cytosol. Over half of mitochondrial proteins are imported through the pre-sequence pathway that is controlled by the TOM complex in the outer membrane and the TIM23 complex in the inner membrane. It is unclear on the molecular level how proteins cross the mitochondrial double membranes through the TOM and TIM23 complexes. Here, we report the assembly of the active TOM-TIM23 supercomplex with translocating polypeptide substrates captured in the import pathway. Electron cryo-microscopy (Cryo-EM) analyses reveal that during translocation across the outer membrane, the polypeptide substrates pass through the center of the Tom40 channel while interacting with a glutamine-rich patch in the inner wall of Tom40. Structural and biochemical analyses show that the TIM23 complex contains a heterotrimer of the subunits Tim23, Tim17, and Mgr2 in the inner membrane. Tim17 and Mgr2 shield the polypeptide substrates from the lipid environment. The import pathway consists of two highly conserved residue patches of Tim17, one negatively charged patch at the entrance and one hydrophobic patch in the middle of the pathway. These data reveal an unexpected pre-sequence pathway mediated by the TOM-TIM23 supercomplex for facilitating protein import across the double membranes of mitochondria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.21.546012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular pathway of mitochondrial preprotein import through the TOM-TIM23]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.22.546075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring norepinephrine release in vivo using next-generation GRABNE sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.22.546075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Norepinephrine (NE) is an essential biogenic monoamine neurotransmitter, yet researches using prototype NE sensors were limited by their low sensitivities. Here, we developed next-generation versions of GPCR activation-based NE sensors (GRABNE2m and GRABNE2h) with a superior response, high sensitivity and selectivity to NE both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, these sensors can detect NE release triggered by either optogenetic or behavioral stimuli in freely moving mice, producing robust signals in the locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. With the development of a novel transgenic mouse line, we recorded both NE release and calcium dynamics with dual-color fiber photometry throughout the sleep-wake cycle; moreover, dual-color mesoscopic imaging revealed cell type-specific spatiotemporal dynamics of NE and calcium during sensory processing and locomotion. Thus, these new GRABNE sensors are valuable tools for monitoring the precise spatiotemporal release of NE in vivo, providing new insights into the physiological and pathophysiological roles of NE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lischinsky, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.22.546075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring norepinephrine release in vivo using next-generation GRABNE sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546249v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.23.546249v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Different theories explain how subjective experience arises from brain activity1,2. These theories have independently accrued evidence, yet, confirmation bias and dependence on design choices hamper progress in the field3. Here, we present an open science adversarial collaboration which directly juxtaposes Integrated Information Theory (IIT)4,5 and Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNWT)6-10, employing a theory-neutral consortium approach11,12. We investigate neural correlates of the content and duration of visual experience. The theory proponents and the consortium developed and preregistered the experimental design, divergent predictions, expected outcomes, and their interpretation12. 256 human subjects viewed suprathreshold stimuli for variable durations while neural activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electrocorticography. We find information about conscious content in visual, ventro-temporal and inferior frontal cortex, with sustained responses in occipital and lateral temporal cortex reflecting stimulus duration, and content-specific synchronization between frontal and early visual areas. These results confirm some predictions of IIT and GNWT, while substantially challenging both theories: for IIT, a lack of sustained synchronization within posterior cortex contradicts the claim that network connectivity specifies consciousness. GNWT is challenged by the general lack of ignition at stimulus offset and limited representation of certain conscious dimensions in prefrontal cortex. Beyond challenging the theories themselves, we present an alternative approach to advance cognitive neuroscience through a principled, theory-driven, collaborative effort. We highlight the challenges to change peoples mind 13 and the need for a quantitative framework integrating evidence for systematic theory testing and building.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cogitate Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrante, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorska-Klimowska, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirschhorn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalaf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepauvre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richter, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidal, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonacchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sripad, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armendariz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendtz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghafari, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hetenyi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeschke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazumder, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montenegro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seedat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharafeldin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baillet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalmers, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cichy, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallon, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panagiotaropoulos, T. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenfeld, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreiman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lange, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tononi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pitts, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudrik, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melloni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.23.546249</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An adversarial collaboration to critically evaluate theories of consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide analysis of promoter contacts identifies novel regulators of late-stage adipogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.27.546683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adipogenesis is a multi-stage process essential for healthy fat storage and metabolic regulation. While early regulatory mechanisms are well characterized, the control of late-stage adipocyte differentiation remains poorly understood. Integrating CAGE-seq, promoter capture Hi-C, and a high-throughput siRNA screen of druggable genes, we report here that chromatin architecture rewiring promotes gene regulation changes essential for terminal adipogenesis. We identified nine clusters of dynamic promoter-anchored chromosomal interactions, many involving distal enhancers. Functional screening of genes engaged in these interactions revealed 19 novel regulators of late adipogenesis, including proteins with peptidase and ubiquitin ligase activity. Human genetic variant-to-gene mapping, coupled with cross-species chromatin interaction and synteny analyses, highlighted new gene-trait associations relevant to lipid traits (FXYD5, LAP3, SGPP1) and type 2 diabetes (FBXO17, FN3KRP, ZFAND6, TTC3). Our findings define the 3D gene regulatory landscape of late adipogenesis. The molecular links uncovered here provide mechanistic insight into metabolic disease risk and potential interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sandovici, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emery, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulati, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kentistou, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardwick, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crooks, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Twinn, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mennitti, L. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srour, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiarugi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingett, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraser, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ong, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shoenfelder, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rahilly, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, J. R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkitaraman, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>E. Ozanne, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Constancia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.27.546683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide analysis of promoter contacts identifies novel regulators of late-stage adipogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unravelling Biosynthesis and Biodegradation Potentials of Microbial Dark Matters in Hypersaline Lakes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biosynthesis and biodegradation of microorganisms critically underpin the development of biotechnology, new drugs and therapies, and environmental remediation. However, the vast majority of uncultured microbial species along with their metabolic capacities in extreme environments remain obscured. To unravel the metabolic potentials of these microbial dark matters (MDMs), we investigated four deep-inland hypersaline lakes with largely diversified environmental parameters in Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, China. Metagenomic binning obtained 3,030 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) spanning 82 phyla, of which 2,363 MAGs could not be assigned to a known genus. These unknown MAGs were abundantly observed with distinct taxa among lakes, possibly linked to the diversification of physiochemical conditions. Analysis of biosynthetic potentials identified 9,635 biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), of which 9,403 BGCs were considered novel. We found that some MAGs from putatively novel phyla consistently comprised enriched BGCs, which may have substantial potentials in biotechnological applications. In addition, biodegradation potentials such as dehalogenation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and plastic degradation were found in new microbial clades from hypersaline lakes. These findings substantially expanded the genetic repository of biosynthesis and biodegradation potentials, which can further assist the development of new and innovative applications in biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unravelling Biosynthesis and Biodegradation Potentials of Microbial Dark Matters in Hypersaline Lakes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Base-resolution mapping reveals distinct m1A methylome in nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded transcripts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/202747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression can be post-transcriptionally regulated via dynamic and reversible RNA modifications. N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a recently identified mRNA modification; however, little is known about its precise location, regulation and function. Here, we develop a base-resolution m1A profiling method, based on m1A-induced misincorporation during reverse transcription, and report distinct classes of m1A methylome in the human transcriptome. m1A in 5-UTR, particularly those at the first nucleotide of mRNA, associate with increased translation efficiency. A different subset of m1A exhibit a GUUCRA tRNA-like motif, are evenly distributed in the transcriptome and are dependent on the methyltransferase TRMT6/61A. Additionally, we show for the first time that m1A is prevalent in the mitochondrial-encoded transcripts. Manipulation of m1A level via TRMT61B, a mitochondria-localizing m1A methyltransferase, demonstrates that m1A in mitochondrial mRNA interferes with translation. Collectively, our approaches reveal distinct classes of m1A methylome and provide a resource for functional studies of m1A-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/202747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Base-resolution mapping reveals distinct m1A methylome in nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded transcripts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/216077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TraRECo: A Greedy Approach based de novo Transcriptome Assembler with Read Error Correction using Consensus Matrix 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/216077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundChallenges in developing a good de novo transcriptome assembler include how to deal with read errors and sequence repeats. Almost all de novo assemblers utilize de Bruijn graph, which has a complexity linearly growing with data size while suffers from errors and repeat. Although one can correct errors by inspecting topological structure of the graph, it is an uneasy task when there are too many branches. There are two research directions: improving either graph reliability or path search precision. We focused on improving the reliability.nnResultsWe present TraRECo, a greedy approach to de novo assembly employing error-aware graph construction. The idea is similar to overlap-layout-consensus approach used for genome assembly, but is different in that consensus is made through the entire graph construction step. Basically, we built contigs by direct read alignment within a distance margin and performed junction search to construct splicing graphs. While doing so, however, a contig of length l was represented by 4x1 matrix (called consensus matrix), of which each element was the base count of aligned reads so far. A representative sequence is obtained, by taking majority in each column of the consensus matrix, to be used for further read alignment. Once splicing graphs were obtained, we used IsoLasso to find paths with noticeable read depth. The experiments using real and simulated reads showed that the method provides considerable improvements in sensitivity and reasonably better performances when comparing both sensitivity and precision. This could be achieved by making more erroneous reads to be participated in graph construction, which, in turn, improved the depth information quality used for the subsequent path search step. The results for simulated reads showed also challenges are still remaining since non-negligible percentage of transcripts with high abundance were not recovered by the assemblers we considered.nnConclusionde novo assembly is mainly to explore not-yet-discovered isoforms and must be able to represent as much reads as possible in an efficient way. In this sense, TraRECo provides us a potential alternative to improve graph reliability, even though the computational burden can be much higher than single k-mer de Bruijn graph approach.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/216077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TraRECo: A Greedy Approach based de novo Transcriptome Assembler with Read Error Correction using Consensus Matrix]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/218677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MapZ forms a stable ring structure that acts as a track for FtsZ treadmilling in Streptococcus mutans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/218677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial binary division requires the accurate placement of the division machinery. FtsZ, the vital component of the division machinery, can assemble into filaments and self-organize into a ring structure (Z-ring) at the proper site for cell division. Thus, understanding how bacteria control the spatiotemporal formation of the FtsZ ring is crucial for small molecule and nanoparticle antibacterial drug discovery. MapZ, a recently identified FtsZ regulator in Streptococcaceae, has been found to localize at the mid-cell and position the FtsZ ring. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, super-resolution imaging, and single molecule tracking, we investigated the mechanism by which MapZ regulates the FtsZ ring position. The results show that FtsZ exhibites dynamic treadmilling motion in S. mutans. Importantly, depletion of MapZ leads to an unconstrained movement of treadmilling FtsZ filaments and a shorter lifetime of the constricting FtsZ ring. Furthermore, by revealing that MapZ forms an immobile ring-like nanostructure at the division site, our study suggests that MapZ forms a stable ring that acts as a nanotrack to guide and restrict treadmilling FtsZ filaments in S. mutans, representing a novel way in which bacteria control the division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/218677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MapZ forms a stable ring structure that acts as a track for FtsZ treadmilling in Streptococcus mutans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Androgen receptor binding sites are highly mutated in prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Androgen receptor (AR) signalling is essential to nearly all prostate cancer cells. Any alterations to AR-mediated transcription can have a profound effect on prostate carcinogenesis and tumour growth. While the AR protein has been extensively studied, little is know about mutations to the non-coding regions where AR binds to DNA. Using clinical whole genome sequencing, we demonstrate that AR binding sites have a dramatically increased rate of mutations that is greater than any other transcription factor and specific to only prostate cancer. Demonstrating this may be common to lineage-specific transcription factors, estrogen receptor binding sites had an elevated rate of mutations in breast cancer. Based on the mutations observed at the binding site of AR and other related transcription factors, we proposed that AR occupancy impairs access of base excision repair enzymes to endogenous DNA damage. Overall, this work demonstrates that non-coding AR binding sites are frequently mutated in prostate cancer and may potentially act as driver mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MOROVA, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GÖNEN, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GÜRSOY, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KESKIN, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LACK, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/225433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Androgen receptor binding sites are highly mutated in prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225441v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing the Gene Regulatory Landscape in 1,188 Human Tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/225441v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer is characterised by somatic genetic variation, but the effect of the majority of non-coding somatic variants and the interface with the germline genome are still unknown. We analysed the whole genome and RNA-Seq data from 1,188 human cancer patients as provided by the Pan-cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project to map cis expression quantitative trait loci of somatic and germline variation and to uncover the causes of allele-specific expression patterns in human cancers. The availability of the first large-scale dataset with both whole genome and gene expression data enabled us to uncover the effects of the non-coding variation on cancer. In addition to confirming known regulatory effects, we identified novel associations between somatic variation and expression dysregulation, in particular in distal regulatory elements. Finally, we uncovered links between somatic mutational signatures and gene expression changes, including TERT and LMO2, and we explained the inherited risk factors in APOBEC-related mutational processes. This work represents the first large-scale assessment of the effects of both germline and somatic genetic variation on gene expression in cancer and creates a valuable resource cataloguing these effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calabrese, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehmann, K.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fonseca, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahles, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilpinen-Barrett, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PCAWG-3,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waszak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korbel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brazma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raetsch, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stegle, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/225441</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing the Gene Regulatory Landscape in 1,188 Human Tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic protein aggregation regulates bacterial dormancy depth critical for antibiotic tolerance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/233890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of some bacteria within a population to tolerate antibiotic treatment is often attributed to prolonged bacterial infection1-3. Unlike antibiotic resistance, which generally results from genetic mutations or plasmid transfer4,5, antibiotic tolerance usually refers to the phenomenon that a subgroup of cells can survive high dose antibiotic treatment as a result of phenotypic heterogeneity6,7. Previous studies mainly associate antibiotic tolerance with cell dormancy, by hypothesizing that the lethal effects of antibiotics are disabled due to the extremely slow metabolic and proliferation rates in dormant bacteria 8,9. However, less is known about how surviving bacteria subsequently escape from the dormant state and resuscitate, which is equally important for disease recurrence. Here we monitored the process of bacterial antibiotic tolerance and regrowth at the single-cell level, and found that each individual survival cell shows different  dormancy depth, which in return regulates whether and when it can resume growth after removal of antibiotic. The persister cells are considered to be in shallow dormancy depth, while the viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC cells) are in deep dormancy depth. We further implemented time-lapse fluorescent imaging and biochemical analysis to establish that dynamic endogenous protein aggregation is an important indicator of bacterial dormancy depth. For cells to leave the dormant state and resuscitate, clearance of cellular protein aggregates and recovery of proteostasis are required. Through additional mutagenesis studies, we found the ability to recruit functional DnaK-ClpB machineries, which facilitate protein disaggregation in an ATP-dependent manner, determines the timeline (whether and when) for bacterial regrowth. Better understanding of the key factors regulating bacterial regrowth after surviving antibiotic attack could lead to new therapeutic strategies for combating bacterial antibiotic tolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McVey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/233890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic protein aggregation regulates bacterial dormancy depth critical for antibiotic tolerance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236851v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Real-value and confidence prediction of protein backbone dihedral angles through a hybrid method of clustering and deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/236851v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundProtein dihedral angles provide a detailed description of protein local conformation. Predicted dihedral angles can be used to narrow down the conformational space of the whole polypeptide chain significantly, thus aiding protein tertiary structure prediction. However, direct angle prediction from sequence alone is challenging.nnMethodIn this study, we present a novel method to predict realvalued angles by combining clustering and deep learning. That is, we first generate certain clusters of angles (each assigned a label) and then apply a deep residual neural network to predict the label posterior probability. Finally, we output real-valued prediction by a mixture of the clusters with their predicted probabilities. At the same time, we also estimate the bound of the prediction errors at each residue from the predicted label probabilities.nnResultIn this article, we present a novel method (named RaptorX-Angle) to predict real-valued angles by combining clustering and deep learning. Tested on a subset of PDB25 and the targets in the latest two Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP), our method outperforms the existing state-of-art method SPIDER2 in terms of Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Our result also shows approximately linear relationship between the real prediction errors and our estimated bounds. That is, the real prediction error can be well approximated by our estimated bounds.nnConclusionsOur study provides an alternative and more accurate prediction of dihedral angles, which may facilitate protein structure prediction and functional study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/236851</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Real-value and confidence prediction of protein backbone dihedral angles through a hybrid method of clustering and deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery and characterization of coding and non-coding driver mutations in more than 2,500 whole cancer genomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/237313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Discovery of cancer drivers has traditionally focused on the identification of protein-coding genes. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of putative cancer driver mutations in both protein-coding and non-coding genomic regions across >2,500 whole cancer genomes from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. We developed a statistically rigorous strategy for combining significance levels from multiple driver discovery methods and demonstrate that the integrated results overcome limitations of individual methods. We combined this strategy with careful filtering and applied it to protein-coding genes, promoters, untranslated regions (UTRs), distal enhancers and non-coding RNAs. These analyses redefine the landscape of non-coding driver mutations in cancer genomes, confirming a few previously reported elements and raising doubts about others, while identifying novel candidate elements across 27 cancer types. Novel recurrent events were found in the promoters or 5UTRs of TP53, RFTN1, RNF34, and MTG2, in the 3UTRs of NFKBIZ and TOB1, and in the non-coding RNA RMRP. We provide evidence that the previously reported non-coding RNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1 may be subject to a localized mutational process. Perhaps the most striking finding is the relative paucity of point mutations driving cancer in non-coding genes and regulatory elements. Though we have limited power to discover infrequent non-coding drivers in individual cohorts, combined analysis of promoters of known cancer genes show little excess of mutations beyond TERT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rheinbay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abascal, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornshoj, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pedersen, R. I. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feuerbach, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabarinathan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madsen, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIM, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mularoni, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shuai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lanzos Camaioni, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrmann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maruvka, Y. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertl, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhingra, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diamanti, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haradhvala, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isaev, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komorowski, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kumar, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lochovsky, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pich, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tamborero, d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umer, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uusküla-Reimand, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadelius, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wadi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boroevich, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carlevaro-Fita, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarty, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2017-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/237313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery and characterization of coding and non-coding driver mutations in more than 2,500 whole cancer genomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2017-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/243428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are capable of integrating social contextual information into decision-making processes to adjust their attitudes towards inequity. This context-dependency emerges both when individual is better off (i.e. advantageous inequity) and worse off (i.e. disadvantageous inequity) than others. It is not clear however, whether the context-dependent processing of advantageous and disadvantageous inequity rely on dissociable or shared neural mechanisms. Here, by combining an interpersonal interactive game that gave rise to interpersonal guilt and different versions of the dictator games that enabled us to characterize individual weights on aversion to advantageous and disadvantageous inequity, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying the two forms of inequity aversion in the interpersonal guilt context. In each round, participants played a dot-estimation task with an anonymous co-player. The co-players received pain stimulation with 50% probability when anyone responded incorrectly. At the end of each round, participants completed a dictator game, which determined payoffs of him/herself and the co-player. Both computational model-based and model-free analyses demonstrated that when inflicting pain upon co-players (i.e., the guilt context), participants cared more about advantageous inequity and became less sensitive to disadvantageous inequity, compared with other social contexts. The contextual effects on two forms of inequity aversion are uncorrelated with each other at the behavioral level. Neuroimaging results revealed that the context-dependent representation of inequity aversion exhibited a spatial gradient in activity within the insula, with anterior parts predominantly involved in the aversion to advantageous inequity and posterior parts predominantly involved in the aversion to disadvantageous inequity. The dissociable mechanisms underlying the two forms of inequity aversion are further supported by the involvement of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in advantageous inequity processing, and the involvement of right amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex in disadvantageous inequity processing. These results extended our understanding of decision-making processes involving inequity and the social functions of inequity aversion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blue, P. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/243428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial gradient in activity within the insula reflects dissociable neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent advantageous and disadvantageous inequity aversion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252940v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Large-scale two-photon imaging revealed super-sparse population codes in V1 superficial layer of awake monkeys 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/252940v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient coding has been proposed as a general principle for the sensory systems. The efficient coding hypothesis predicts that neuronal population responses should be sparse, but limited by the measurement techniques, the precise estimates of the population sparseness of visual cortical neurons are still uncertain. Here, we employed large-scale two-photon calcium imaging to examine the neuronal population activities in V1 superficial layers of awake macaques in response to a large set of natural images. We found that only 0.5% of these neurons on average responded strongly to any given natural image with response strength above half of their individual peak responses, which is more than tenfold sparse over those reported by early studies. We further showed that these sparse population activities contain sufficient information for discriminating images with high accuracy. This study provided the first accurate measure of sparseness in V1 neuronal population responses, which support super-sparse neural codes in primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/252940</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Large-scale two-photon imaging revealed super-sparse population codes in V1 superficial layer of awake monkeys]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255174v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From 1D sequence to 3D chromatin dynamics and cellular functions: a phase separation perspective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/255174v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The high-order chromatin structure plays a non-negligible role in gene regulation. However, the mechanism for the formation of different chromatin structures in different cells and the sequence dependence of this process remain to be elucidated. As the nucleotide distributions in human and mouse genomes are highly uneven, we identified CGI forest and prairie genomic domains based on CGI density, which better segregates genomic elements along the genome than GC content. The genome is then divided into two sequentially, epigenetically, and transcriptionally distinct regions. These two types of megabase-sized domains spatially segregate, but to a different extent in different cell types. Overall, the forests and prairies gradually segregate from each other in development, differentiation, and senescence. The multi-scale forest-prairie spatial intermingling is cell-type specific and increases in differentiation, thus helps define the cell identity. We propose that the phase separation of the 1D mosaic sequence in space, serving as a potential driving force, together with cell type specific epigenetic marks and transcription factors, shapes the chromatin structure in different cell types and renders them distinct genomic properties. The mosaicity of the genome manifested in terms of alternative forests and prairies of a species could be related to its biological processes such as differentiation, aging and body temperature control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/255174</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From 1D sequence to 3D chromatin dynamics and cellular functions: a phase separation perspective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/256602v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of Hsp70 suppresses neuronal hyperexcitability and attenuates seizures by enhancing A-type potassium currents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/256602v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is upregulated in response to stress and has been implicated as a stress marker in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, whether Hsp70 plays a pathologic or protective role in TLE remains unclear. Here we report that Hsp70 exerts an unexpected deleterious role in kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures, and inhibition of Hsp70 suppresses neuronal hyperexcitability and attenuates both acute and chronic seizures via enhancing A-type potassium currents primarily formed by Kv4 -subunits and auxiliary KChIPs. Proteosomal degradation of Kv4-KChIP4a channel complexes is enhanced by Hsp70, which can be reversed by the Hsp70 inhibitors, 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) and VER-155008 (VER). In cultured hippocampal neurons, either PES or VER can increase A-type Kv4 current to suppress neuronal hyperexcitability. Mechanistically, Hsp70-CHIP complexes directly bind to the N-terminus of auxiliary KChIP4a and target Kv4-KChIP4a complexes to the proteasome. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of Hsp70 in mediating degradation of Kv4-KChIP4a complexes and regulating neuronal excitability, thus highlighting a therapeutic potential for hyperexcitability-related neurological disorders through Hsp70 inhibition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/256602</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of Hsp70 suppresses neuronal hyperexcitability and attenuates seizures by enhancing A-type potassium currents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying Waddington’s epigenetic landscape: a comparison of single-cell potency measures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/257220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over 60 years ago Waddington proposed an epigenetic landscape model of cellular differentiation, whereby cell-fate transitions are modelled as canalization events, with stable cell states occupying the basins or attractor states1, 2. A key ingredient of this landscape is the energy potential, or height3, which correlates with cell-potency. To date, very few explicit biophysical models for estimating single-cell potency have been proposed. Using 9 independent experiments, encompassing over 6,600 high-quality single-cell RNA-Seq profiles, we here demonstrate that single-cell potency can be approximated as the graph entropy of a Markov Chain process on a model signaling network. Our analysis highlights that other proposed single-cell potency measures are not robust, whilst also revealing that integration with orthogonal systems-level information improves potency estimates. Thus, this study provides a foundation for an improved systems-level understanding of single-cell potency, which may have profound implications for the discovery of novel stem-and progenitor cell phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teschendorff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/257220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying Waddington’s epigenetic landscape: a comparison of single-cell potency measures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259234v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Xist Intron 1 Repression by TALE Transcriptional Factor Improves Somatic Cell Reprogamming in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/259234v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Xist is the master regulator of X chromosome inactivation (XCI). In order to further understand the Xist locus in reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), we tested transcription-factor-like effectors (TALE)-based designer transcriptional factors (dTFs), which were specific to numerous regions at the Xist locus. We report that the selected dTF repressor 6 (R6) binding the intron 1 of Xist, which did not affect Xist expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), substantially improved the iPSC generation and the SCNT preimplantation embryo development. Conversely, the dTF activator targeting the same genomic region of R6 decreased iPSC formation, and blocked SCNT-embryo development. These results thus uncover the critical requirement for the Xist locus in epigenetic resetting, which is not directly related to Xist transcription. This may provide a unique route to improving the reprogramming.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/259234</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Xist Intron 1 Repression by TALE Transcriptional Factor Improves Somatic Cell Reprogamming in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260083v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The critical role of ASD-related gene CNTNAP3 in regulating synaptic development and social behavior in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/260083v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulated genetic evidences indicate that the contactin associated protein-like (CNTNAP) family is implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study, we identified genetic mutations in the CNTNAP3 gene from Chinese Han ASD cohorts and Simons Simplex Collections. We found that CNTNAP3 interacted with synaptic adhesion proteins Neuroligin1 and Neuroligin2, as well as scaffolding proteins PSD95 and Gephyrin. Significantly, we found that CNTNAP3 played an opposite role in controlling the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in vitro and in vivo, in which ASD mutants exhibited loss-of-function effects. In this study, we showed that Cntnap3-null mice exhibited deficits in social interaction, spatial learning and prominent repetitive behaviors. These evidences elucidate the pivotal role of CNTNAP3 in synapse development and social behaviors, providing the mechanistic insights for ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/260083</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The critical role of ASD-related gene CNTNAP3 in regulating synaptic development and social behavior in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/262972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the 30S ribosomal decoding complex at ambient temperature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/262972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ribosome translates nucleotide sequences of messenger RNA to proteins through selection of cognate transfer RNA according to the genetic code. To date, structural studies of ribosomal decoding complexes yielding high-resolution data have predominantly relied on experiments performed at cryogenic temperatures. New lightsources like the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) have enabled data collection from macromolecular crystals at ambient temperature. Here, we report an X-ray crystal structure of the Thermus thermophilus 30S ribosomal subunit decoding complex to 3.45 [A] resolution using data obtained at ambient temperature at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). We find that this ambient-temperature structure is largely consistent with existing cryogenic-temperature crystal structures, with key residues of the decoding complex exhibiting similar conformations, including adenosine residues 1492 and 1493. Minor variations were observed, namely an alternate conformation of cytosine 1397 near the mRNA channel and the A-site. Our serial crystallography experiment illustrates the amenability of ribosomal microcrystals to routine structural studies at ambient temperature, thus overcoming a long-standing experimental limitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dao, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gati, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksit, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGurk, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obrinski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mgbam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lichtenberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pardo-Avila, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corsepius, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaberg, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koglin, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/262972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the 30S ribosomal decoding complex at ambient temperature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic model of temperature influence on flowering through whole-plant accumulation of FT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/267104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We assessed temperature influence on flowering by incorporating temperature-responsive flowering mechanisms across developmental age into an existing model. Temperature influences both the leaf production rate and expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a photoperiodic flowering regulator, in leaves. The Arabidopsis Framework Model incorporated temperature influence on leaf growth but ignored the consequences of leaf growth on and direct temperature influence of FT expression. We measured FT production in differently aged leaves and modified the model, adding the mechanistic temperature influence on FT transcription, and linking FT to leaf growth. Our simulations suggest that in long days, the developmental timing (leaf number) at which the reproductive transition occurs is influenced by day length and temperature through FT, while temperature influences the rate of leaf production and the time (in days) the transition occurs. Further, we demonstrated that FT is mainly produced in the first 10 leaves in the Columbia ecotype, and that FT accumulation alone cannot explain flowering in conditions in which flowering is delayed. Our simulations supported our hypotheses that: 1) temperature regulation of FT, accumulated with leaf growth, is a component of thermal time, and 2) incorporating mechanistic temperature regulation of FT can improve model predictions in fluctuating temperatures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kinmonth-Schultz, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacEwen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaton, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millar, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imaizumi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/267104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic model of temperature influence on flowering through whole-plant accumulation of FT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term all-optical interrogation of cortical neurons in awake-behaving non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/274308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas optogenetic techniques have proven successful in their ability to manipulate neuronal populations in species ranging from insects to rodents--with high spatial and temporal fidelity--significant obstacles remain in their application to non-human primates (NHPs). Robust optogenetics-activated behavior and long-term noninvasive monitoring of target neurons, have been challenging in NHPs. Here we present a method for all-optical interrogation (AOI), integrating optical stimulation and simultaneous two-photon imaging of neuronal populations in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake rhesus macaques. A red-shifted channel-rhodopsin transgene (C1V1) and genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GCaMP5 or GCaMP6s) were delivered by AAVs, and subsequently expressed in V1 neuronal populations for months with high stability. We achieved optogenetic stimulation using both single-photon (1P) activation of neuronal populations and two-photon (2P) activation of single-cells, while simultaneously recording 2P calcium imaging in awake monkeys. Optogenetic manipulations of V1 neuronal populations produced reliable artificial visual percepts. Together, our advances show the feasibility of precise and stable all-optical interrogation of cortical neurons in awake NHPs, which may facilitate broad applications in high-level cognition and pre-clinical testing studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macknik, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Conde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/274308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term all-optical interrogation of cortical neurons in awake-behaving non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/278291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trends in female lifespan in South Korea, 1987-2016 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/278291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
South Korea shows a remarkable rapid increase in lifespan in recent decades. Employing a mathematical model that is appropriate for human survival curves, we evaluate current trends in female lifespan for South Korea over three recent decades, 1987-2016, and predict coming trends in female lifespan until 2030. From comparative analyses with industrialized countries such as Japan, France, Australia, Switzerland, UK, Sweden, and USA, we confirm that South Korea has the highest increase rate of female lifespan in recent decades, and estimate that maximum lifespan would reach 125 years and characteristic life would surpass 95 years for South Korean female by 2030. South Korea would deserve much attention in study on human health and longevity as the longest-lived country in coming decades.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weon, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/278291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trends in female lifespan in South Korea, 1987-2016]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acidic microenvironment shaped by lactate accumulation promotes pluripotency through multiple mechanisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhanced glycolysis is a distinct feature associated with numerous stem cells and cancer cells. However, little is known about its regulatory roles in gene expression and cell fate determination. Here we show that acidic environment shaped by lactate accumulation promotes the self-renewal and pluripotency of both mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, acidic pH reduces the tri-methylation of H3K27 globally at transcriptional start sites to partially prevent ESC differentiation. In addition, acidic pH stabilizes a large number of mRNAs including pluripotency genes. Furthermore, we found that AGO1 protein is downregulated at acidic conditions, leading to the de-repression of a subset of microRNA targets in low-pH treated ESCs. Altogether, our study provides insights into mechanisms whereby acidic microenvironment produced by enhanced glycolysis regulates gene expression to determine cell fate and has broad implications in the fields of regenerative medicine and cancer biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, F.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, L.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/282475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acidic microenvironment shaped by lactate accumulation promotes pluripotency through multiple mechanisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282814v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the receptor-activated human TRPC6 ion channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/282814v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TRPC6 is a receptor-activated nonselective cation channel that belongs to the family of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels. It is activated by diacylglycerol, a lipid second messenger. TRPC6 is involved in many physiological processes and implicated in human genetic diseases. Here we present the structure of human TRPC6 homotetramer in complex with a newly identified high affinity inhibitor BTDM solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to 3.8 [A] resolution. The structure shows a two-layer architecture, in which the bell-shaped cytosolic layer holds the transmembrane layer. Extensive inter-subunit interactions of cytosolic domain, including N terminal ankyrin repeats and C terminal coiled-coil, contribute to the tetramer assembly. The high affinity inhibitor BTDM wedges between S5-S6 pore domain and voltage sensor-like domain to inhibit channel opening. Our structure uncovers the molecular architecture of TRPC channels and provides a structural basis for understanding the mechanism of these channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/282814</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the receptor-activated human TRPC6 ion channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/283440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ligand binding and conformational changes of SUR1 subunit in pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/283440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are energy sensors on the plasma membrane. By sensing the intracellular ADP/ATP ratio of {beta}-cells, pancreatic KATP channels control insulin release and regulate metabolism at the whole body level. They are implicated in many metabolic disorders and diseases and are therefore important drug targets. Here, we present three structures of pancreatic KATP channels solved by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), at resolutions ranging from 4.1 to 4.5 [A]. These structures depict the binding site of the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide, indicate how Kir6.2 N-terminus participates the coupling between the peripheral SUR1 subunit and the central Kir6.2 channel, reveal the binding mode of activating nucleotides, and suggest the mechanism of how Mg-ADP binding on nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) drives a conformational change of the SUR1 subunit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/283440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ligand binding and conformational changes of SUR1 subunit in pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285338v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immuno-genomic PanCancer Landscape Reveals Diverse Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immuno-Editing Histories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/285338v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune reactions in the tumor micro-environment are one of the cancer hallmarks and emerging immune therapies have been proven effective in many types of cancer. To investigate cancer genome-immune interactions and the role of immuno-editing or immune escape mechanisms in cancer development, we analyzed 2,834 whole genomes and RNA-seq datasets across 31 distinct tumor types from the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) project with respect to key immuno-genomic aspects. We show that selective copy number changes in immune-related genes could contribute to immune escape. Furthermore, we developed an index of the immuno-editing history of each tumor sample based on the information of mutations in exonic regions and pseudogenes. Our immuno-genomic analyses of pan-cancer analyses have the potential to identify a subset of tumors with immunogenicity and diverse background or intrinsic pathways associated with their immune status and immuno-editing history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mizuno, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasegawa, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayashi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, S.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimizu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Komura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujimoto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagai, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imoto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/285338</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immuno-genomic PanCancer Landscape Reveals Diverse Immune Escape Mechanisms and Immuno-Editing Histories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/291435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
THE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION MIGHT HAVE USEFUL DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR THYROID TUMORS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/291435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIt is currently present in the literature that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are associated with a great number of diseases including cancers. The role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations in the development of thyroid cancer is a highly controversial topic. In this study, we investigated the role of mt-DNA control region (CR) variations in thyroid tumor progression and the influence of mtDNA haplogroups on susceptibility to thyroid tumors.nnMaterial & methodFor this purpose, totally 108 hot thyroid nodules (HTNs), 95 cold thyroid nodules (CTNs), 48 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) samples with their surrounding tissues and 104 healthy control subjects blood samples were screened for entire mtDNA CR variations by using Sanger sequencing. The obtained DNA sequences were anaysed with the mistomaster, a web-based bioinformatics tool.nnResultsMtDNA haplogroup U was significantly associated with susceptibility to benign and malign thyroid entities on the other hand J haplogroup was associated with a protective role for benign thyroid nodules. Besides, 8 SNPs (T146C, G185A, C194T, C295T, G16129A, T16304C, A16343G and T16362C) in mtDNA CR region were associated with the occurrence of benign and malign thyroid nodules in Turkish population. By contrast with the healthy Turkish population and HTNs, frequency of C7 repeats in D310 polycytosine sequence was found higher in cold thyroid nodules and PTC samples. Beside this, the frequency of somatic mutations in mtMSI regions including T16189C and D514 CA dinucleotide repeats were found higher in PTC samples than the benign thyroid nodules. Conversely, the frequency of somatic mutations in D310 was detected higher in HTNs than CTNs and PTCs.nnConclusionmtDNA D310 instability do not play a role in tumorogenesis of the PTC but the results indicates that it might be used as a diagnostic clonal expansion biomarker for premalignant thyroid tumor cells. Beside this, D514 CA instability might be used as prognostic biomarker in PTCs. Also, we showed that somatic mutation rate is less frequent in more aggressive tumors when we examined micro- and macro carcinomas as well as BRAFV600E mutation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bircan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliksu Gozu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarikaya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ege Gul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yasar Sirin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcelik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aral, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/291435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[THE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL REGION MIGHT HAVE USEFUL DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC BIOMARKERS FOR THYROID TUMORS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorhisms and breast cancer: significant association in cancerous tissue samples from Turkish patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/292631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background and Aims: Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been postulated to serve an important role in normal breast and breast carcinoma. On the other hand, studies on its common polymorphisms with breast cancer are very limited. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence and frequency of 4 common polymorphisms of the GR gene in the cancerous tissue samples from breast cancer patients in the Turkish population and compare them with healthy individuals. Methods: DNA samples from 86 Turkish female breast cancer patients and 86 healthy controls analysed for BclI, Tth111I, N363S and ER22/23EK polymorphisms of GR gene by PCR-RFLP. Results: N363S polymorphism was not observed in study samples. Frequency of BclI polymorphism did not differ between cases and controls but it associated with family history of cancer. The polymorphic allele frequency of Tth111I and ER22/23EK was found to be higher in cases compared to healthy samples (p<0.05). Also, a haplotype containing polymorphic variants of these two polymorphisms found to be associated with breast cancer. Conclusion: The data presented here suggest that polymorphisms of GR gene may be an important risk factor for breast cancer predisposition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akyildiz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkiprik, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gulluoglu, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aral, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/292631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorhisms and breast cancer: significant association in cancerous tissue samples from Turkish patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 in transformed human mesenchymal stem cells induces dedifferentiated liposarcoma potency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/293068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amplification and overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 are well-known diagnostic criteria of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Although it was reported that depletion of MDM2 or CDK4 decreased proliferation in DDLPS cell lines, it remains unclear whether MDM2 and CDK4 induce WDLPS/DDLPS tumorigenesis. We examined whether MDM2 and/or CDK4 produce WDLPS/DDLPS using transformed human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), 2H and 5H, with five oncogenic hits (overexpression of hTERT, TP53 degradation, RB inactivation, c-MYC stabilization, and overexpression of HRASv12). In vitro functional experiments revealed that co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 plays key roles in tumorigenesis by increasing cell growth and migration and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation potency compared to sole expression of MDM2 or CDK4. Using mouse xenograft models, we found that co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 in 5H cells with five additional oncogenic mutations can develop proliferative DDLPS in vivo. Our results suggest that co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 induces DDLPS tumour potency in transformed human BMSCs by accelerating cell growth and migration and blocking adipogenetic potential incooperation with multiple genetic factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/293068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 in transformed human mesenchymal stem cells induces dedifferentiated liposarcoma potency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/296301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convolutional neural network models of V1 responses to complex patterns 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/296301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we evaluated the convolutional neural network (CNN) method for modeling V1 neurons of awake macaque monkeys in response to a large set of complex pattern stimuli. CNN models outperformed all the other baseline models, such as Gabor-based standard models for V1 cells and various variants of generalized linear models. We then systematically dissected different components of the CNN and found two key factors that made CNNs outperform other models: thresholding nonlinearity and convolution. In addition, we fitted our data using a pre-trained deep CNN via transfer learning. The deep CNNs higher layers, which encode more complex patterns, outperformed lower ones, and this result was consistent with our earlier work on the complexity of V1 neural code. Our study systematically evaluates the relative merits of different CNN components in the context of V1 neuron modeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/296301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convolutional neural network models of V1 responses to complex patterns]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/296475v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectivity Patterns in Cognitive Control Networks Predict Naturalistic Multitasking Ability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/296475v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multitasking is a fundamental aspect of everyday life activities. To achieve a complex, multi-component goal, the tasks must be subdivided into sub-tasks and component steps, a critical function of prefrontal networks. The prefrontal cortex is considered to be organized in a cascade of executive processes from the sensorimotor to anterior prefrontal cortex, which includes execution of specific goal-directed action, to encoding and maintaining task rules, and finally monitoring distal goals. In the current study, we used a virtual multitasking paradigm to tap into real-world performance and relate it to each individuals resting-state functional connectivity in fMRI. While did not find any correlation between global connectivity of any of the major networks with multitasking ability, global connectivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) was predictive of EVET score. Further analysis showed that multivariate connectivity patterns within the sensorimotor network (SMN), and between-network connectivity of the frontopartietal network (FPN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), predicted individual multitasking ability and could be generalized to novel individuals. Together, these results support previous research that prefrontal networks underlie multitasking abilities and show that connectivity patterns in the cascade of prefrontal networks may explain individual differences in performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/296475</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectivity Patterns in Cognitive Control Networks Predict Naturalistic Multitasking Ability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanisms controlling the multistage post-translational processing of endogenous Nrf1α/TCF11 proteins to yield distinct proteoforms within the coupled positive and negative feedback circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In an attempt to terminate the chaotic state of the literature on Nrf1/TCF11 with various confused molecular masses, we herein establish a generally acceptable criterion required for identification of its endogenous full-length proteins and derivative isoforms expressed differentially in distinct experimental cell lines. Further work has been focused on the molecular mechanisms that dictate the successive multistate post-translational modifications (i.e. glycosylation by OST, deglycosylation by NGLY, and ubiquitination by Hrd1) of this CNC-bZIP protein and its proteolytic processing to yield multiple isoforms. Several lines of experimental evidence have demonstrated that the nascent Nrf1/TCF11 polypeptide (non-glycosylated) is transiently translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in which it becomes an inactive glycoprotein-A, and also folded in a proper topology within and around membranes. Thereafter, dynamic repositioning of the ER-resident domains in Nrf1 glycoprotein is driven by p97-fueled retrotranslocation into extra-ER compartments. Therein, glycoprotein of Nrf1 is allowed for digestion into a deglycoprotein-B and then its progressive proteolytic processing by cytosolic DDI-1/2 and proteasomes to yield distinct proteoforms (i.e. protein-C/D). The processing is accompanied by removal of a major N-terminal ~12.5-kDa polypeptide from Nrf1. Interestingly, our present study has further unraveled that coupled positive and negative feedback circuits exist between Nrf1 and its cognate target genes, including those encoding its regulators p97, Hrd1, DDI-1 and proteasomes. These key players are differentially or even oppositely involved in diverse cellular signalling responses to distinct extents of ER-derived proteotoxic and oxidative stresses induced by different concentrations of proteasomal inhibitors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/300327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanisms controlling the multistage post-translational processing of endogenous Nrf1α/TCF11 proteins to yield distinct proteoforms within the coupled positive and negative feedback circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300723v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mono-homologous linear DNA recombination by the non-homologous end-joining pathway as a novel and simple gene inactivation method: a proof of concept study in Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/300723v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is critical for genome stability because of its roles in double-strand break repair. Ku and ligase D (LigD) are the crucial proteins in this process, and strains expressing Ku and LigD can cyclize linear DNA in vivo. Herein, we established a proof-of-concept mono-homologous linear DNA recombination for gene inactivation or genome editing by which cyclization of linear DNA in vivo by NHEJ could be used to generate non-replicable circular DNA and could allow allelic exchanges between the circular DNA and the chromosome. We achieved this approach in Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, which expresses Ku and LigD homologs and presents NHEJ activity. By transforming the strain with a linear DNA mono homolog to the sequence in chromosome, we mutated the genome. This method did not require the screening of suitable plasmids and was easy and time-effective. Bioinformatic analysis showed that more than 20% prokaryotic organisms contain Ku and LigD, suggesting the wide distribution of NHEJ activities. Moreover, the Escherichia coli strain also showed NHEJ activity when the Ku and LigD of Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b were introduced and expressed in it. Therefore, this method may be a widely applicable genome editing tool for diverse prokaryotic organisms, especially for non-model microorganisms.nnIMPORTANCEThe non-model gram-positive bacteria lack efficient genetic manipulation systems, but they express genes encoding Ku and LigD. The NHEJ pathway in Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b was evaluated and was used to successfully knockout eleven genes in the genome. Since bioinformatic studies revealed that the putative genes encoding Ku and LigD ubiquitously exist in phylogenetically diverse bacteria and archaea, the mono-homologous linear DNA recombination by the NHEJ pathway could be a potentially applicable genetic manipulation method for diverse non-model prokaryotic organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/300723</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mono-homologous linear DNA recombination by the non-homologous end-joining pathway as a novel and simple gene inactivation method: a proof of concept study in Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cross-sectional white matter microstructure differences in aging and mindfulness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/301739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The process of aging can be characterized by a decline in cognitive performance, which may be accompanied by deterioration in specific structural properties of the brain. In this study we sought to investigate to what extent mindfulness changes over the aging process, and which alterations in brain structure can be associated to aging and concomitant changes in mindfulness. We collected Mindful Attention Awareness Scale questionnaire data to assess trait mindfulness and acquired diffusion-weighted imaging data fitted to the diffusion tensor model in a group of 97 middle-aged to elderly participants. Our results showed that trait mindfulness increased with age. In terms of white matter structure our results suggested that there was a general increase of omnidirectional diffusion, which favored radial over axial diffusivity, leading to a decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in older participants. We further showed that trait mindfulness mediated the FA-age effect in a localized area consisting of the internal and external capsule, as well as the corona radiata. The implication of this mediation analysis is that trait mindfulness may deter age-associated neurocognitive decline, perhaps by preventing age-associated microlesions specifically in cortico-subcortical white matter tracts. This study can be considered a pioneer of using DTI studies to investigate the relationship between age and trait mindfulness.nnDisclosure statementConflict of Interest: The authors have no actual or potential conflicts of interest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boekel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/301739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cross-sectional white matter microstructure differences in aging and mindfulness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302281v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NDUFAB1 Protects Heart by Coordinating Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex and Supercomplex Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/302281v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The impairment of mitochondrial bioenergetics, often coupled with exaggerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is emerging as a common mechanism in diseases of organs with a high demand for energy, such as the heart. Building a more robust cellular powerhouse holds promise for protecting these organs in stressful conditions. Here, we demonstrate that NDUFAB1 (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1), acts as a powerful cardio-protector by enhancing mitochondrial energy biogenesis. In particular, NDUFAB1 coordinates the assembly of respiratory complexes I, II, and III and supercomplexes, conferring greater capacity and efficiency of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Cardiac-specific deletion of Ndufab1 in mice caused progressive dilated cardiomyopathy associated with defective bioenergetics and elevated ROS levels, leading to heart failure and sudden death. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of Ndufab1 effectively enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics and protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our findings identify NDUFAB1 as a central endogenous regulator of mitochondrial energy and ROS metabolism and thus provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and other mitochondrial bioenergetics-centered diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/302281</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NDUFAB1 Protects Heart by Coordinating Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex and Supercomplex Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305185v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo Chemical Reprogramming of Astrocytes into Functional Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/305185v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammals lack robust regenerative abilities. Lost cells in impaired tissue could potentially be compensated by converting nearby cells in situ through in vivo reprogramming. Small molecule-induced reprogramming is a spatiotemporally flexible and non-integrative strategy for altering cell fate, which is, in principle, favorable for the in vivo reprogramming in organs with poor regenerative abilities, such as the brain. Here, we demonstrate that in the adult mouse brain, small molecules can reprogram resident astrocytes into functional neurons. The in situ chemically induced neurons (CiNs) resemble endogenous neurons in terms of neuron-specific marker expression and electrophysiological properties. Importantly, these CiNs can integrate into the mouse brain. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates in vivo chemical reprogramming in the adult brain, which could be a novel path for generating desired cells in situ for regenerative medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/305185</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo Chemical Reprogramming of Astrocytes into Functional Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinctive types of postzygotic single-nucleotide mosaicisms in healthy individuals revealed by genome-wide profiling of multiple organs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Postzygotic single-nucleotide mosaicisms (pSNMs) have been extensively studied in tumors and are known to play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, the patterns and origin of pSNMs in normal organs of healthy humans remain largely unknown. Using whole-genome sequencing and ultra-deep amplicon re-sequencing, we identified and validated 164 pSNMs from 27 postmortem organ samples obtained from five healthy donors. The mutant allele fractions ranged from 1.0% to 29.7%. Inter- and intra-organ comparison revealed two distinctive types of pSNMs, with about half originating during early embryogenesis (embryonic pSNMs) and the remaining more likely to result from clonal expansion events that had occurred more recently (clonal expansion pSNMs). Compared to clonal expansion pSNMs, embryonic pSNMs had higher proportion of C>T mutations with elevated mutation rate at CpG sites. We observed differences in replication timing between these two types of pSNMs, with embryonic and clonal expansion pSNMs enriched in early- and late-replicating regions, respectively. An increased number of embryonic pSNMs were located in open chromatin states and topologically associating domains that transcribed embryonically. Our findings provide new insights into the origin and spatial distribution of postzygotic mosaicism during normal human development.nnAuthor SummaryGenomic mosaicism led by postzygotic mutation is the major cause of cancers and many non-cancer developmental disorders. Theoretically, postzygotic mutations should be accumulated during the developmental process of healthy individuals, but the genome-wide characterization of postzygotic mosaicisms across many organ types of the same individual remained limited. In this study, we identified and validated two types of postzygotic mosaicism from the whole-genomes of 27 organs obtained from five healthy donors. We further found that the postzygotic mosaicisms arising during early embryogenesis and later clonal expansion events show distinct genomic patterns in mutation spectrum, replication timing, and chromatin status.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/309005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinctive types of postzygotic single-nucleotide mosaicisms in healthy individuals revealed by genome-wide profiling of multiple organs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309120v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oscillatory cortical forces promote three dimensional cell intercalations that shape the mandibular arch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/309120v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multiple vertebrate embryonic structures such as organ primordia are composed of a volume of confluent cells. Although mechanisms that shape tissue sheets are increasingly understood, those which shape a volume of cells remain obscure. Here we show 3D mesenchymal cell intercalations, rather than cell divisions and biophysical tissue properties, are essential to shape the mandibular arch of the mouse embryo. Using a genetically encoded vinculin tension sensor, we show that cortical force oscillations promote these intercalations. Genetic loss and gain of function approaches show that Wnt5a functions as a spatial cue to coordinate cell polarity with cytoskeletal oscillation. YAP/TAZ and PIEZO1 serve as downstream effectors of Wnt5a-mediated actomyosin bias and cytosolic calcium transients, respectively, to ensure appropriate tissue form during growth. Our data support oriented 3D cell neighbour exchange as a conserved mechanism driving volumetric morphogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lau, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitley, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahn, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valencia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenelon, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasiliao, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spring, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karuana, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henkelman, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, H.-Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atit, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goyal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/309120</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oscillatory cortical forces promote three dimensional cell intercalations that shape the mandibular arch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313130v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative analysis of droplet-based ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313130v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since its establishment in 2009, single-cell RNA-seq has been a major driver behind progress in biomedical research. In developmental biology and stem cell studies, the ability to profile single cells confers particular benefits. While most studies still focus on individual tissues or organs, the recent development of ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq has demonstrated potential power in characterizing more complex systems or even the entire body. However, although multiple ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems have attracted attention, no systematic comparison of these systems has been performed. Here, we focus on three widely used droplet-based ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems, inDrop, Drop-seq, and 10X Genomics Chromium. While each system is capable of profiling single-cell transcriptomes, their detailed comparison revealed the distinguishing features and suitable applications for each system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/313130</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of droplet-based ultra-high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Histone deacetylase HDA19 affects cortical cell fate by interacting with SCARECROW in the Arabidopsis root 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryThe Arabidopsis root epidermis is a simple model for investigating cell fate specification and pattern formation. In addition to regulatory networks consisting of transcription factors, histone deacetylases are also involved in the cellular patterning process. Here we report HDA19 affects the root epidermal cellular pattern through regulation of cortical cell fate by interacting with SCARECROW. This work reveals two new components in cortical cell specification and uncovers a new facet of SCR function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drapek, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benfey, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/313791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Histone deacetylase HDA19 affects cortical cell fate by interacting with SCARECROW in the Arabidopsis root]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313817v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response to \"No evidence of functional co-adaptation between clustered microRNAs\" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/313817v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that regulate target genes at the post-transcriptional level. One significant feature of miRNA is that their genomic locations are often clustered together in the genome. In a previous study (Wang, et al. 2016), we proposed a "functional co-adaptation" model to explain how clustering helps new miRNAs survive and develop functions during long-term evolution. In a manuscript recently posted at bioRxiv (doi:10.1101/274811), Marco claimed that he re-analyzed our data and came to a different conclusion. However, we found his analyses were conducted in an inappropriate approach. He also claimed that the absence of substitution in highly conserved miRNAs does not support the "functional co-adaption" model based on the misunderstanding of our model. In summary, the analyses and claims of Marco, which are flawed, do not refute our model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/313817</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response to \"No evidence of functional co-adaptation between clustered microRNAs\"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/314567v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure for Energy Cycle: A unique status of Second Law of Thermodynamics for living systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/314567v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing things from beings, or matters from lives, is a fundamental question. Extending E. Schrodingers neg-entropy and I. Prigogines dissipative structure, we propose a chemical kinetic view that the earliest "live" process is essentially a special interaction between a pair of specific components under a corresponding, particular environmental conditions. The interaction exists as an inter-molecular-force-bond complex (IMFBC) that couples two separate chemical processes: One is the spontaneous formation of an IMFBC driven by the decrease of Gibbs free energy as a dissipative process; while the other is the disassembly of the IMFBC driven thermodynamically by free energy input from the environment. The two processes that are coupled by the IMFBC were originated independently and considered non-living on Earth, but the IMFBC coupling of the two can be considered as the earliest form of metabolism: This forms the first landmark on the path from things to a being. The dynamic formation and dissemblance of the IMFBCs, as composite individuals, follows a principle designated as "... structure for energy for structure for energy...", the cycle continues, shortly "structure for energy cycle". With additional features derived from an IMFBC, such as multiple intermediates, autocatalytic ability of one individual upon the formation of another, aqueous medium, and mutual beneficial relationship between formation of polypeptides and nucleic acids, etc., the IMFBC-centered "live" process spontaneously evolved into more complex living organisms with the characteristics one currently knows.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/314567</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure for Energy Cycle: A unique status of Second Law of Thermodynamics for living systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quality Control and Integration of Genotypes from Two Calling Pipelines for Whole Genome Sequence Data in the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/318857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Alzheimers Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 584 subjects from 111 multiplex families at three sequencing centers. Genotype calling of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion-deletion variants (indels) was performed centrally using GATK-HaplotypeCaller and Atlas V2. The ADSP Quality Control (QC) Working Group applied QC protocols to project-level variant call format files (VCFs) from each pipeline, and developed and implemented a novel protocol, termed "consensus calling," to combine genotype calls from both pipelines into a single high-quality set. QC was applied to autosomal bi-allelic SNVs and indels, and included pipeline-recommended QC filters, variant-level QC, and sample-level QC. Low-quality variants or genotypes were excluded, and sample outliers were noted. Quality was assessed by examining Mendelian inconsistencies (MIs) among 67 parent-offspring pairs, and MIs were used to establish additional genotype-specific filters for GATK calls. After QC, 578 subjects remained. Pipeline-specific QC excluded ~12.0% of GATK and 14.5% of Atlas SNVs. Between pipelines, ~91% of SNV genotypes across all QCed variants were concordant; 4.23% and 4.56% of genotypes were exclusive to Atlas or GATK, respectively; the remaining ~0.01% of discordant genotypes were excluded. For indels, variant-level QC excluded ~36.8% of GATK and 35.3% of Atlas indels. Between pipelines, ~55.6% of indel genotypes were concordant; while 10.3% and 28.3% were exclusive to Atlas or GATK, respectively; and ~0.29% of discordant genotypes were. The final WGS consensus dataset contains 27,896,774 SNVs and 3,133,926 indels and is publicly available.nnAbbreviationsAD, Alzheimers disease; QC, Quality Control; LSSAC, Large-Scale Sequencing and Analysis Center; Broad, Broad Institute Genomics Service; Baylor, Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center; WashU, Washington University-St. Louis McDonnell Genome Institute; WGS, whole genome sequencing; WES, whole exome sequencing; indel, insertion-deletion variants; VCF, variant control format; MI, Mendelian inconsistency; MC, Mendelian consistency; GWAS, genome-wide association study; VR, referent allele read depth; DP, overall read depth; MS, mapping score; GQ, genotype quality score; Ti/Tv, Transition/Transversion; CS, concordance code
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naj, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vardarajan, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lancour, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butkiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunkle, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malamon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamilton-Nelson, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van der Lee, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koboldt, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nato, A. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohi, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuzma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP),</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cupples, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Duijn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seshadri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boerwinkle, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bis, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupuis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salerno, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijsman, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeStefano, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/318857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quality Control and Integration of Genotypes from Two Calling Pipelines for Whole Genome Sequence Data in the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-reactivation new learning impairs and updates human episodic memory through dissociable processes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/320101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Learning of competing information after reactivation has the potential to disrupt memory reconsolidation and thus impair a consolidated memory. Yet this effect has rarely been detected in episodic memory. By introducing an additional retrieving cue to the target memory, the current study detected significant impairment on the reactivated episodic memory, in addition to an integration of new information to the old memory. However, while the integration effect followed the time window of reconsolidation disruption, the impairment effect did not. MEG measurements further revealed alpha power change during reactivation and post-reactivation learning which showed different correlation patterns with the integration and impairment effects, confirming that the two effects relied on different processes. Therefore, post-reactivation new learning disrupts episodic memory but not through reconsolidation disruption. Further findings that the impairment effect was correlated with participants voluntary inhibition ability suggest an inhibition-based memory updating process underlying post-reactivation new learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/320101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-reactivation new learning impairs and updates human episodic memory through dissociable processes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ancestral resurrection reveals mechanisms of kinase regulatory evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/331637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein kinases are crucial to coordinate cellular decisions and therefore their activities are strictly regulated. We used ancestral resurrection to uncover a mechanism underlying the evolution of kinase control within the ERK family of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs). Kinase activities switched from high to low intrinsic autophosphorylation at the transition from the ancestors of ERKs1-5 and ERKs1-2. A shortening of the loop between {beta}3-C and a mutation in the gatekeeper residue drove this transition. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the change in the {beta}3-C loop length affected kinase cis-autophosphorylation by altering the positioning of catalytic residues and by allowing greater flexibility in the L16 kinase loop. This latter effect likely synergizes with the known role of gatekeeper mutations in facilitating domain closure and thus kinase activation, providing a rationale for the synergy between the two evolutionary mutations. Our results shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms that led to tight regulation of a central kinase in development and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinglay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatansever, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turk, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumus, Z. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holt, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/331637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ancestral resurrection reveals mechanisms of kinase regulatory evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333245v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying individual risk rare variants using protein structure-guided local tests (POINT) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333245v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rare variants are of increasing interest to genetic association studies because of their etiological contributions to human complex diseases. Due to the rarity of the mutant events, rare variants are routinely analyzed on an aggregate level. While aggregation analyses improve the detection of global-level signal, they are not able to pinpoint causal variants within a variant set. To perform inference on a localized level, additional information, e.g., biological annotation, is often needed to boost the information content of a rare variant. Following the observation that important variants are likely to cluster together on functional domains, we propose a protein structure guided local test (POINT) to provide variant-specific association information using structure-guided aggregation of signal. Constructed under a kernel machine framework, POINT performs local association testing by borrowing information from neighboring variants in the 3-dimensional protein space in a data-adaptive fashion. Besides merely providing a list of promising variants, POINT assigns each variant a p-value to permit variant ranking and prioritization. We assess the selection performance of POINT using simulations and illustrate how it can be used to prioritize individual rare variants in PCSK9 associated with low-density lipoprotein in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) clinical trial data.nnAuthor summaryWhile it is known that rare variants play an important role in understanding associations between genotype and complex diseases, pinpointing individual rare variants likely to be responsible for association is still a daunting task. Due to their low frequency in the population and reduced signal, localizing causal rare variants often requires additional information, such as type of DNA change or location of variant along the sequence, to be incorporated in a biologically meaningful fashion that does not overpower the genotype data. In this paper, we use the observation that important variants tend to cluster together on functional domains to propose a new approach for prioritizing rare variants: the protein structure guided local test (POINT). POINT uses a genes 3-dimensional protein folding structure to guide aggregation of information from neighboring variants in the protein in a robust manner. We show how POINT improves selection performance over single variant tests and sliding window approaches. We further illustrate how it can be used to prioritize individual rare variants using the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) clinical trial data, finding five promising variants within PCSK9 in association with low-density lipoprotein, including three new mutations near the PCSK9-LDLR binding domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marceau West, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rotroff, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuenemann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buse, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Motsinger-Reif, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fourches, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/333245</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying individual risk rare variants using protein structure-guided local tests (POINT)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromothripsis is a newly discovered mutational phenomenon involving massive, clustered genomic rearrangements that occurs in cancer and other diseases. Recent studies in cancer suggest that chromothripsis may be far more common than initially inferred from low resolution DNA copy number data. Here, we analyze the patterns of chromothripsis across 2,658 tumors spanning 39 cancer types using whole-genome sequencing data. We find that chromothripsis events are pervasive across cancers, with a frequency of >50% in several cancer types. Whereas canonical chromothripsis profiles display oscillations between two copy number states, a considerable fraction of the events involves multiple chromosomes as well as additional structural alterations. In addition to non-homologous end-joining, we detect signatures of replicative processes and templated insertions. Chromothripsis contributes to oncogene amplification as well as to inactivation of genes such as mismatch-repair related genes. These findings show that chromothripsis is a major process driving genome evolution in human cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Ciriano, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gordenin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klimczak, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pellman, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>PCAWG Structural Variation Working Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Network,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/333617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive analysis of chromothripsis in 2,658 human cancers using whole-genome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Does a history of sexual and physical childhood abuse contribute to HIV infection risk in adulthood? A study among post-natal women in Harare, Zimbabwe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/333872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundSexual and physical abuse in childhood creates a great health burden including on mental and reproductive health. A possible link between child abuse and HIV infection has increasingly attracted attention. This paper investigated whether a history of child physical and sexual abuse is associated with HIV infection among adult women.nnMethodsA cross sectional survey was conducted among 2042 postnatal women (mean age=26y) attending six public primary health care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe within 6 weeks post-delivery. Clinic records were reviewed for mothers antenatal HIV status. Participants were interviewed about childhood abuse including physical or sexual abuse before 15 years of age, forced first sex before 16, HIV risk factors such as age difference at first sex before age 16. Multivariate analyses assessed the associations between mothers HIV status and child physical and sexual abuse while controlling for confounding variables.nnResultsMore than one in four (26.6%) reported abuse before the age of 15: 14.6% physical abuse and 9.1% sexual abuse,14.3% reported forced first sex and 9.0% first sex before 16 with someone 5+ years older. Fifteen percent of women tested HIV positive during the recent antenatal care visit. In multivariate analysis, childhood physical abuse (aOR 3.30 95%CI 1.58- 6.90), sexual abuse (3.18 95%CI: 1.64-6.19), forced first sex (aOR 1.42, 95%CI: 1.00-2.02), and 5+ years age difference with first sex partner (aOR 1.66 95%CI 1.09-2.53) were independently associated with HIV infection.nnConclusionThis study confirms that child physical and/or sexual abuse increases risk for HIV acquisition. Further research is needed to assess the pathways to HIV acquisition from childhood to adulthood. Prevention of child abuse must form part of the HIV prevention agenda in Sub-Saharan Africa.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shamu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shamu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zarowsky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temmerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shefer, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abrahams, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/333872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Does a history of sexual and physical childhood abuse contribute to HIV infection risk in adulthood? A study among post-natal women in Harare, Zimbabwe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pellino 1 Communicates Intercellular Signaling in Chronic Skin Inflammatory Microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic skin inflammation including psoriasis is a multisystem disease, affecting more than 5% of the general population. Here we show that Pellino 1 (Peli1), a signal-responsive ubiquitin E3 ligase, is highly up-regulated in human psoriatic skin lesions and that increased Peli1 expression correlates with the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis-like chronic skin inflammatory disease. Interestingly, Peli1 directly interacts with interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4, a transcription factor that plays pivotal roles in proliferation and cytokine production) and induces lysine 63-mediated ubiquitination. Peli1-mediated IRF4 ubiquitination appears to be a common systemic signaling mechanism shared by lesional keratinocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, generating a feedback relationship between keratinocyte and Th17 cell responses. Conversely, inhibition of Peli1 interferes with IRF4 induction and attenuates immunopathogenic signaling in the psoriasis. In summary, Peli1-mediated ubiquitination is a common immunopathogenic intercellular signaling in psoriasis-like chronic skin inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, targeting Peli1 could be used as a potential strategy for psoriasis treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Go, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/334433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pellino 1 Communicates Intercellular Signaling in Chronic Skin Inflammatory Microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The cargo receptor SURF4 promotes the efficient cellular secretion of PCSK9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/336016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secreted protein that plays an important role in regulating plasma cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk. PCSK9 secretion uniquely depends on the cytoplasmic COPII protein SEC24A, suggesting the presence of a transmembrane ER cargo receptor mediating this interaction. Here, we report a novel approach that combines proximity-dependent biotinylation and proteomics together with genome-scale CRISPR screening to identify proteins that facilitate the efficient secretion of PCSK9 heterologously expressed in HEK293T cells. We first identified 35 candidate proteins that were labeled by BirA* fusions to PCSK9 and either COPII component SAR1A or SAR1B. We then performed genome-scale pooled CRISPR mutagenesis to identify genes whose perturbation resulted in intracellular accumulation of PCSK9-eGFP but not the control A1AT-mCherry. The 4 most enriched sgRNAs in this screen all targeted SURF4, a homologue of the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cargo receptor Erv29p and the only candidate also identified by proximity-dependent biotinylation. The functional contribution of SURF4 to PCSK9 secretion was confirmed with multiple independent SURF4-targeting sgRNAs, clonal SURF4-deficient cell lines, and functional rescue with SURF4 cDNA. Compatible with a function of SURF4 as a cargo receptor for PCSK9, fluorescence microscopy localized SURF4 to the early secretory pathway, coimmunoprecipitation revealed a physical interaction between SURF4 and PCSK9, and SURF4 deletion resulted in decreased extracellular secretion of PCSK9 and PCSK9 accumulation in the ER. Taken together, these findings support a model in which SURF4 functions as an ER cargo receptor for the efficient cellular secretion of PCSK9.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Emmer, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hesketh, G. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotnik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, V. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lascuna, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gingras, A.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginsburg, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-05-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/336016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The cargo receptor SURF4 promotes the efficient cellular secretion of PCSK9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-05-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/340109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Associations between Afrotropical bats, parasites, and microbial symbionts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/340109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bats are among the most diverse animals on the planet and harbor numerous bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic symbionts. The interplay between bacterial community composition and parasitism in bats is not well understood and may have important implications for studies of similar systems. Here we present a comprehensive survey of dipteran and haemosporidian parasites, and characterize the gut, oral, and skin microbiota of Afrotropical bats. We identify significant correlations between bacterial community composition of the skin and dipteran ectoparasite prevalence across four major bat lineages, as well as links between the oral microbiome and malarial parasitism, suggesting a potential mechanism for host selection and vector-borne disease transmission in bats. In contrast to recent studies of host-microbe phylosymbiosis in mammals, we find no correlation between chiropteran phylogenetic distances and bacterial community dissimilarity across the three anatomical sites, suggesting that host environment is more important than shared ancestry in shaping the composition of bat-associated bacterial communities.nnSIGNIFICANCEAnimals rely on bacterial symbionts for numerous biological functions, such as digestion and immune system development. Increasing evidence suggests that host-associated microbes may play a role in mediating parasite burden. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of bacterial symbionts from multiple anatomical sites across a broad taxonomic range of Afrotropical bats, demonstrating significant associations between the bat microbiome and parasite prevalence. This study provides a framework for future approaches to systems biology of host-symbiont interactions across broad taxonomic scales, emphasizing the interdependence between microbial symbionts and vertebrate health in the study of wild organisms and their natural history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lutz, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, E. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webala, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babyesiza, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerbis Peterhans, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demos, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patterson, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilbert, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/340109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Associations between Afrotropical bats, parasites, and microbial symbionts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SSCC: a computational framework for rapid and accurate clustering of large-scale single cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/344242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clustering is a prevalent analytical means to analyze single cell RNA sequencing data but the rapidly expanding data volume can make this process computational challenging. New methods for both accurate and efficient clustering are of pressing needs. Here we proposed a new clustering framework based on random projection and feature construction for large scale single-cell RNA sequencing data, which greatly improves clustering accuracy, robustness and computational efficacy for various state-of-the-art algorithms benchmarked on multiple real datasets. On a dataset with 68,578 human blood cells, our method reached 20% improvements for clustering accuracy and 50-fold acceleration but only consumed 66% memory usage compared to the widely-used software package SC3. Compared to k-means, the accuracy improvement can reach 3-fold depending on the concrete dataset. An R implementation of the framework is available from https://github.com/Japrin/sscClust.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/344242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SSCC: a computational framework for rapid and accurate clustering of large-scale single cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351114v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Mechanism for Synaptic Copy between Neural Circuits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/351114v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain has a central, short-term learning module, the hippocampus, which transfers what it has learned to long-term memory in cortex during non-REM sleep. The putative mechanism responsible for this type of memory consolidation invokes hierarchically nested hippocampal ripples (100-250 Hz), thalamo-cortical spindles (7-15 Hz), and cortical slow oscillations (< 1 Hz) to enable transfer. Suppression of, for instance, thalamic spindles has been shown to impair hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. Cortical oscillations are central to information transfer in neural systems. Significant evidence supports the idea that coincident spike input can allow the neural threshold to be overcome, and spikes to be propagated downstream in a circuit. Thus, an observation of oscillations in neural circuits would be an indication that repeated synchronous spiking is enabling information transfer. However, for memory transfer, in which synaptic weights must be being transferred from one neural circuit (region) to another, what is the mechanism? Here, we present a synaptic transfer mechanism whose structure provides some understanding of the phenomena that have been implicated in memory transfer, including the nested oscillations at various frequencies. The circuit is based on the principle of pulse-gated, graded information transfer between neural populations.nnPACS numbers: 87.18.Sn,87.19.lj,87.19.lm,87.19.lq
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sornborger, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/351114</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Mechanism for Synaptic Copy between Neural Circuits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358812v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A computational protocol to characterize elusive Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria in oral environments using metagenomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/358812v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several studies have documented the diversity and potential pathogenic associations of organisms in the human oral cavity. Although much progress has been made in understanding the complex bacterial community inhabiting the human oral cavity, our understanding of some microorganisms is less resolved due to a variety of reasons. One such little-understood group is the candidate phyla radiation (CPR), which is a recently identified, but highly abundant group of ultrasmall bacteria with reduced genomes and unusual ribosomes. Here, we present a computational protocol for the detection of CPR organisms from metagenomic data. Our approach relies on a self-constructed dataset comprising published CPR genomic sequences as a filter to identify CPR sequences from metagenomic sequencing data. After assembly and functional prediction, the taxonomic affiliation of CPR contigs can be identified through phylogenetic analysis with publically available 16S rRNA gene and ribosomal proteins, in addition to sequence similarity analyses (e.g., average nucleotide identity calculations and contig mapping). Using this protocol, we reconstructed two draft genomes of organisms within the TM7 superphylum, that had genome sizes of 0.594 Mb and 0.678 Mb. Among the predicted functional genes of the constructed genomes, a high percentage were related to signal transduction, cell motility, and cell envelope biogenesis, which could contribute to cellular morphological changes in response to environmental cues.nnImportanceCandidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacterial group is a recently identified, but highly diverse and abundant group of ultrasmall bacteria exhibiting reduced genomes and limited metabolic capacities. A number of studies have reported their potential pathogenic associations in multiple mucosal diseases including periodontitis, halitosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, CPR organisms are difficult to cultivate and are difficult to detect with PCR-based methods due to divergent genetic sequences. Thus, our understanding of CPR has lagged behind that of other bacterial component. Here, we used metagenomic approaches to overcome these previous barriers to CPR identification, and established a computational protocol for detection of CPR organisms from metagenomic samples. The protocol describe herein holds great promise for better understanding the potential biological functioning of CPR. Moreover, the pipeline could be applied to other organisms that are difficult to cultivate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/358812</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A computational protocol to characterize elusive Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria in oral environments using metagenomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
What you see depends on what you hear: temporal averaging and crossmodal integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/362665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In our multisensory world, we often rely more on auditory information than on visual input for temporal processing. One typical demonstration of this is that the rate of auditory flutter assimilates the rate of concurrent visual flicker. To date, however, this auditory dominance effect has largely been studied using regular auditory rhythms. It thus remains unclear whether irregular rhythms would have a similar impact on visual temporal processing; what information is extracted from the auditory sequence that comes to influence visual timing; and how the auditory and visual temporal rates are integrated together in quantitative terms. We investigated these questions by assessing, and modeling, the influence of a task-irrelevant auditory sequence on the type of "Ternus apparent motion": group motion versus element motion. The type of motion seen critically depends on the time interval between the two Ternus display frames. We found that an irrelevant auditory sequence preceding the Ternus display modulates the visual interval, making observers perceive either more group motion or more element motion. This biasing effect manifests whether the auditory sequence is regular or irregular, and it is based on a summary statistic extracted from the sequential intervals: their geometric mean. However, the audiovisual interaction depends on the discrepancy between the mean auditory and visual intervals: if it becomes too large, no interaction occurs - which can be quantitatively described by a partial Bayesian integration model. Overall, our findings reveal a crossmodal perceptual averaging principle that may underlie complex audiovisual interactions in many everyday dynamic situations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Müller, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/362665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[What you see depends on what you hear: temporal averaging and crossmodal integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364828v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate Prediction of Antibody Resistance in Clinical HIV-1 Isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/364828v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) have promising utility in prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection with several undergoing clinical trials. Due to high sequence diversity and mutation rate of HIV-1, viral isolates are often resistant to particular bNAbs. Resistant strains are commonly identified by time-consuming and expensive in vitro neutralization experiments. Here, we developed machine learning-based classifiers that accurately predict resistance of HIV-1 strains to 33 neutralizing antibodies. Notably, our classifiers achieved an overall prediction accuracy of 96% for 212 clinical isolates from patients enrolled in four different clinical trials. Moreover, use of the tree-based machine learning method gradient boosting machine enabled us to identify critical epitope features that distinguish between antibody resistance and sensitivity. The availability of an in silico antibody resistance predictor will facilitate informed decisions of antibody usage in clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rawi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria-Rose, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farney, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiakolas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, T.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lynch, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mascola, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwong, P. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, G.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/364828</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate Prediction of Antibody Resistance in Clinical HIV-1 Isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/368266v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapted to grow in the presence of low-dose rapamycin exhibit altered amino acid metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/368266v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rapamycin is a potent inhibitor of the highly conserved TOR kinase, the nutrient-sensitive controller of growth and aging. It has been utilised as a chemotherapeutic agent due to its anti-proliferative properties and as an immunosuppressive drug, and is also known to extend lifespan in a range of eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. However, the mechanisms through which eukaryotic cells adapt to sustained exposure to rapamycin have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Here, S. cerevisiae response to long-term rapamycin exposure was investigated by identifying the physiological, transcriptomic and metabolic differences observed for yeast populations inoculated into low-dose rapamycin-containing environment. The effect of oxygen availability and acidity of extracellular environment on this response was further deliberated by controlling or monitoring the dissolved oxygen level and pH of the culture. Yeast populations grown in the presence of rapamycin reached higher cell densities complemented by an increase in their chronological lifespan, and these physiological adaptations were associated with a rewiring of the amino acid metabolism, particularly that of arginine. The ability to synthesise amino acids emerges as the key factor leading to the major mechanistic differences between mammalian and microbial TOR signalling pathways in relation to nutrient recognition. Furthermore, oxygen levels and extracellular acidity of the culture were observed to conjointly affect yeast populations, virtually acting as coupled physiological effectors; cells were best adapted when maximal oxygenation of the culture was maintained in slightly acidic pH, any deviation necessitated more extensive readjustment to additional stress factors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dikicioglu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dereli Eke, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eraslan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliver, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirdar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/368266</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapted to grow in the presence of low-dose rapamycin exhibit altered amino acid metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Toward deciphering developmental patterning with deep neural network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/374439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex biological functions are carried out by the interaction of genes and proteins. Uncovering the gene regulation network behind a function is one of the central themes in biology. Typically, it involves extensive experiments of genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. In this paper, we show that much of the inference task can be accomplished by a deep neural network (DNN), a form of machine learning or artificial intelligence. Specifically, the DNN learns from the dynamics of the gene expression. The learnt DNN behaves like an accurate simulator of the system, on which one can perform in-silico experiments to reveal the underlying gene network. We demonstrate the method with two examples: biochemical adaptation and the gap-gene patterning in fruit fly embryogenesis. In the first example, the DNN can successfully find the two basic network motifs for adaptation - the negative feedback and the incoherent feed-forward. In the second and much more complex example, the DNN can accurately predict behaviors of essentially all the mutants. Furthermore, the regulation network it uncovers is strikingly similar to the one inferred from experiments. In doing so, we develop methods for deciphering the gene regulation network hidden in the DNN "black box". Our interpretable DNN approach should have broad applications in genotype-phenotype mapping.

SignificanceComplex biological functions are carried out by gene regulation networks. The mapping between gene network and function is a central theme in biology. The task usually involves extensive experiments with perturbations to the system (e.g. gene deletion). Here, we demonstrate that machine learning, or deep neural network (DNN), can help reveal the underlying gene regulation for a given function or phenotype with minimal perturbation data. Specifically, after training with wild-type gene expression dynamics data and a few mutant snapshots, the DNN learns to behave like an accurate simulator for the genetic system, which can be used to predict other mutants behaviors. Furthermore, our DNN approach is biochemically interpretable, which helps uncover possible gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/374439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Toward deciphering developmental patterning with deep neural network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast-backward replay of sequentially memorized items in humans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/376202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Storing temporal sequences of events (i.e., sequence memory) is fundamental to many cognitive functions. However, how the sequence order information is maintained and represented in working memory and its behavioral significance, particularly in human subjects, remains unknown. Here, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in combination with a temporal response function (TRF) method to dissociate item-specific neuronal reactivations. We demonstrate that serially remembered items are successively reactivated during memory retention. The sequential replay displays two interesting properties compared to the actual sequence. First, the item-by-item reactivation is compressed within a 200-400 ms window, suggesting that external events are associated within a plasticity-relevant window to facilitate memory consolidation. Second, the replay is in a temporally reversed order and is strongly related to the recency effect in behavior. This fast-backward replay, previously revealed in rat hippocampus and demonstrated here in human cortical activities, might constitute a general neural mechanism for sequence memory and learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/376202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast-backward replay of sequentially memorized items in humans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377135v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comprehensive ensemble model for comparing the allosteric effect of ordered and disordered proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/377135v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins/regions (IDPs/IDRs) are prevalent in allosteric regulation. It was previously thought that intrinsic disorder is favorable for maximizing the allosteric coupling. Here, we propose a comprehensive ensemble model to compare the roles of both order-order transition and order-disorder transition in allosteric effect. It is revealed that the MWC pathway (order-order transition) has a higher probability than the EAM pathway (disorder-order transition) in allostery, suggesting a complicated role of IDPs/IDRs in regulatory proteins. In addition, an analytic formula for the maximal allosteric coupling response is obtained, which shows that too stable or too unstable state is unfavorable to endow allostery, and is thus helpful for rational design of allosteric drugs.nnAuthor SummaryAllosteric effect is an important regulation mechanism in biological processes, where the binding of a ligand at one site of a protein influences the function of a distinct site. Conventionally, allostery was thought to originate from structural transition. However, in recent years, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) were found to be widely involved in allosteric regulation in despite of their lack of ordered structure under physiological condition. It is still a mystery why IDPs are prevalent in allosteric proteins and how they differ from ordered proteins in allostery. Here, we propose a comprehensive ensemble model which includes both ordered and disordered states of a two-domain protein, and investigate the role of various state combinations in allosteric effect. By sampling the parameter space, we conclude that disordered proteins are less competitive than ordered proteins in performing allostery from a thermodynamic point of view. The prevalence of IDPs in allosteric regulation is likely determined by all their advantage, but not only by their capacity in endowing allostery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/377135</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comprehensive ensemble model for comparing the allosteric effect of ordered and disordered proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390104v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis and mechanism of the unfolding-induced activation of an acid response chaperone HdeA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/390104v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of protein structural disorder in biological functions is gaining increasing interests in the past decade. The bacterial acid-resistant chaperone HdeA belongs to a group of "conditionally disordered" protein that is activated via an order-to-disorder transition. However, the mechanism for unfolding-induced activation remains unclear due to the lack of experimental information on the unfolded state conformation and the chaperone-client interactions. Here we use advanced solution NMR methods to characterize the activated state conformation of HdeA under acidic condition and identify the client binding sites. The activated HdeA becomes largely disordered and exposes two essential hydrophobic patches of residues for client interactions. The pH-dependent chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) result identifies three acid-sensitive regions that act as structural locks during the activation process, revealing a multi-step activation mechanism of HdeA chaperone function at atomic level. The results highlight the role of protein disorder in chaperone function and the self-inhibitory role of ordered structures under non-stress conditions, offering new insights for further understanding the protein structure-function paradigm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/390104</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis and mechanism of the unfolding-induced activation of an acid response chaperone HdeA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/400937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sequencing of the MHC region defines HLA-DQA1 as the major independent risk for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis in Han population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/400937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The strong genetic contribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility has been generally attributed to HLA-DRB1. However, due to the high linkage disequilibrium in the MHC region, it is difficult to define the  real or/and additional independent genetic risks using the conventional HLA genotyping or chip-based microarray technology. By the capture sequencing of entire MHC region for discovery and HLA-typing for validation in 2,773 subjects of Han ancestry, we identified HLA-DQ1:160D as the strongest independent genetic risk for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive RA in Han population (P = 6.16 x 10-36, OR=2.29). Further stepwise conditional analysis revealed that DR{beta}1:37N has an independent protective effect on ACPA-positive RA (P = 5.81 x 10-16, OR=0.49). The DQ1:160 coding allele DQA1*0303 displayed high impact on joint radiographic severity, especially in patients with early disease and smoking (P = 3.02 x 10-5). Interaction analysis by comparative molecular modeling revealed that the negative charge of DQ1:160D stabilizes the dimer of dimers, leading to an increased T cell activation. The electrostatic potential surface analysis indicated that the negative charged DR{beta}1:37N encoding alleles could bind with epitope P9 arginine, thus may result in a decreased RA susceptibility.nnIn this study, we provide the first evidence that HLA-DQA1, instead of HLA-DRB1, is the strongest and independent genetic risk for ACPA-positive RA in Chinese Han population. Our study also illustrates the value of MHC deep sequencing for fine mapping disease risk variants in the MHC region.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padyukov, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamamoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klareskog, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/400937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sequencing of the MHC region defines HLA-DQA1 as the major independent risk for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis in Han population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/405522v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hydroxymethylated-P16 Allele Is Transcription-Inactive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/405522v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background5-Methylcytosine can be oxidized into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the genome. Methylated-P16 (P16M) can be oxidized into completely hydroxymethylated-P16 (P16H) in human cancer and precancer cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological function of P16H.nnMethodsTrue P16M and P16H were analyzed using bisulfite/TAB-based assays. A ZFP-based P16-specific dioxygenase (P16-TET) was constructed and used to induce P16H. Cell proliferation and migration were determined with a series of biological analyses.nnResults(A) The 5hmCs were enriched in the antisense-strand of the P16 exon-1 in HCT116 and AGS cells containing methylated-P16 alleles (P16M). (B) P16-TET induced both P16H and P16 demethylation in H1299 and AGS cells and reactivated P16 expression. Notably, P16H was only detectable in the sorted P16-TET H1299 and AGS cells that did not show P16 expression. (C) P16-TET significantly inhibited the xenograft growth derived from H1299 cells in NOD-SCID mice, but did not inhibit the growth of P16-deleted A549 control cells. P16-siRNA knockdown could rescue P16-TET-inhibited cell migration.nnConclusionHydroxymethylated P16 alleles are transcriptionally inactive.nnAUTHOR SUMMARYIt is well known that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA of mammalian cells can be oxidized into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other derivates by DNA dioxygenase TETs. While conversion of 5mC to 5hmC plays an important role in active DNA demethylation through further oxidations, a certain proportion of 5hmCs remain in the genome. Although it is supposed that occurrence of 5hmCs may contribute to the flexibility of chromatin and the protection of the bivalent promoters from hypermethylation, the direct effect of 5hmCs on gene transcription is unknown. In the present study, we engineered a zinc-finger protein-based P16-specific DNA dioxygenase and used it to induce P16 hydroxymethylation and demethylation in cancer cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the hydroxymethylated P16 alleles retain transcriptionally inactive. This is supported by our recent findings that mRNAs are always transcribed only from the unmethylated P16 strands, but not from the hydroxymethylated/methylated strands in HCT116 cells, and that the risks for malignant transformation are similar for patients with the P16 methylation-positive oral epithelial dysplasia with and without P16 hydroxymethylation in a prospective study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/405522</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hydroxymethylated-P16 Allele Is Transcription-Inactive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diagnostic Whole Exome Sequencing in Patients with Short Stature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/414987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Short stature is among the most common reasons for children being referred to the pediatric endocrinology clinics. The cause of short stature is broad, in which genetic factors play a substantial role, especially in primary growth disorders. However, identifying the molecular causes for short stature remains as a challenge because of the high heterogeneity of the phenotypes. Here, whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the genetic causes of short stature with unknown etiology for 20 patients aged from 1 to 16 years old. The genetic causes of short stature were identified in 9 of the 20 patients, corresponding to a molecular diagnostic rate of 45%. Notably, in 2 of the 9 patients identified with genetic causes, the diagnosed diseases based on WES are different from the original clinical diagnosis. Our results highlight the clinical utility of WES in the diagnosis of rare, high heterogeneity disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/414987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diagnostic Whole Exome Sequencing in Patients with Short Stature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423194v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HBx enhances CPAP expression via interacting with CREB to promote hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-associated HCC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/423194v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded non-structure protein X (HBx) can promote cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis via activating several transcription factors and increasing their downstream gene expression in HBV-infected liver cells. Our previous report suggested that centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is required for HBx-mediated NF-{kappa}B activation. Here, we found that, upon HBV infection, overexpressed HBx can transcriptionally up-regulate CPAP via interacting with CREB. CPAP can directly interact with HBx to promote HBx-mediated cell proliferation and migration; and SUMO modification of CPAP is involved in interacting with HBx. Interestingly, CPAP can increase the HBx protein stability in an NF-{kappa}B-dependent manner; and overexpressed CPAP and HBx is positively correlated with the activation status of NF-{kappa}B in HCC. Increased expression of CREB and CPAP mRNAs exists in the high-risk group with a lower survival rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These results suggest that the reciprocal regulation between CPAP and HBx may provide a microenvironment to facilitate HCC development via enhancing NF-{kappa}B activation, inflammatory cytokine production, and cancer maligancies. The findings of this study not only shed light on the role of CPAP in HBV-associated HCC, but also provide CPAP as a potential target for HBV-related HCC therapy.nnAuthor SummaryIn this study, we address a novel molecular mechanism for the collaboration between overexpressed HBx and CPAP in promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-associated HCC. Upon HBV infection, HBx is overexpressed and interacts with CREB to transcriptionally activate CPAP; the HBx/CPAP interaction promotes hepatocarcinogenesis. Clinical analysis found that co-overexpressed CPAP and CREB exist in the high-risk group with a lower survival rate in HCC. Additionally, overexpressed CPAP contributes to HBx protein stability in a NF-{kappa}B-dependent pathway. Our study provides a potential translational application in targeting CREB-CPAP axis in HBV-associated HCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yen, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chayama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/423194</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HBx enhances CPAP expression via interacting with CREB to promote hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-associated HCC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estimating Residue-Specific Accuracies of Protein Structure Models Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/439760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estimating the accuracy of a structure model is very crucial to promote the usefulness of protein structure prediction methods. Currently, a vast majority of successful model quality assessment (or model accuracy estimation, MAE) methods are knowledge-based. Based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with a recently developed residue-specific force field (RSFF2), we develop a method for absolute MAE at per-residue level. Using a training set of 31 models and a test set of 24 models from different proteins, the MAE performance of our MD-based method can reach or even exceed the state-of-the-art single-model MAE method within a short simulation time (less than one nanosecond). In addition, a simple combination of knowledge-based method with the MD-based method can obtain more accurate MAE than any of the constituent methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xun, S.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/439760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estimating Residue-Specific Accuracies of Protein Structure Models Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/442673v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metatranscriptome profiling of the dynamic transcription of mRNA and sRNA of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in human gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/442673v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metatranscriptomic sequencing has recently been applied to study how pathogens and probiotics affect human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota, which provides new insights into their mechanisms of action. In this study, metatranscriptomic sequencing was applied to deduce the in vivo expression patterns of an ingested Lactobacillus casei strain, which was compared with its in vitro growth transcriptomes. Extraction of the strain-specific reads revealed that transcripts from the ingested L. casei were increased, while those from the resident L. paracasei strains remained unchanged. Mapping of all metatranscriptomic reads and transcriptomic reads to L. casei genome showed that gene expression in vitro and in vivo differed dramatically. About 39% (1163) mRNAs and 45% (93) sRNAs of L. casei well-expressed were repressed after ingested into human gut. Expression of ABC transporter genes and amino acid metabolism genes was induced at day-14 of ingestion; and genes for sugar and SCFA metabolisms were activated at day-28 of ingestion. Moreover, expression of sRNAs specific to the in vitro log phase was more likely to be activated in human gut. Expression of rli28c sRNA with peaked expression during the in vitro stationary phase was also activated in human gut; this sRNA repressed L. casei growth and lactic acid production in vitro. These findings implicate that the ingested L. casei might have to successfully change its transcription patterns to survive in human gut, and the time-dependent activation patterns indicate a highly dynamic cross-talk between the probiotic and human gut including its microbe community.nnImportanceProbiotic bacteria are important in food industry and as model microorganisms in understanding bacterial gene regulation. Although probiotic functions and mechanisms in human gastrointestinal tract are linked to the unique probiotic gene expression, it remains elusive how transcription of probiotic bacteria is dynamically regulated after being ingested. Previous study of probiotic gene expression in human fecal samples has been restricted due to its low abundance and the presence of of closely related species. In this study, we took the advantage of the good depth of metatranscriptomic sequencing reads and developed a strain-specific read analysis method to discriminate the transcription of the probiotic Lactobacillus casei and those of its resident relatives. This approach and additional bioinformatics analysis allowed the first study of the dynamic transcriptome profiles of probiotic L casei in vivo. The novel findings indicate a highly regulated repression and dynamic activation of probiotic genome in human GI tract.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sun, z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/442673</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metatranscriptome profiling of the dynamic transcription of mRNA and sRNA of a probiotic Lactobacillus strain in human gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/448092v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regrowth-delay Body as a Bacterial Subcellular Structure marking multidrug tolerant Persisters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/448092v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacteria have long been recognized to be capable of entering a phenotypically non-growing persister state, in which the cells exhibit an extended regrowth lag and a multidrug tolerance, thus posing a great challenge in treating infectious diseases. Owing to their non-inheritability, low abundance of existence, lack of metabolic activities, and high heterogeneity, properties of persisters remain poorly understood. Here, we report our accidental discovery of a hitherto unreported subcellular structure that we term the regrowth-delay body, which is formed only in non-growing bacterial cells and sequesters multiple key proteins. As of now, this structure, that dissolves when the cell resumes growth, is the most distinguishable subcellular structure marking persisters. Our studies also indicate that persisters exhibit different depth of persistence, as determined by the status of their regrowth-delay bodies. Our findings imply that suppressing the formation and/or promoting the dissolution of regrowth-delay bodies could be viable strategies for eradicating persisters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/448092</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regrowth-delay Body as a Bacterial Subcellular Structure marking multidrug tolerant Persisters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/449546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for rapid and specific in vivo detection ofnorepinephrine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/449546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), two key biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes. However, their precise dynamics and regulation remain poorly characterized, in part due to limitations of available techniques for measuring these molecules in vivo. Here, we developed a family of GPCR Activation-Based NE/Epi (GRABNE) sensors with a 230% peak {Delta}F/F0 response to NE, good photostability, nanomolar-to-micromolar sensitivities, sub-second rapid kinetics, high specificity to NE vs. dopamine. Viral- or transgenic- mediated expression of GRABNE sensors were able to detect electrical-stimulation evoked NE release in the locus coeruleus (LC) of mouse brain slices, looming-evoked NE release in the midbrain of live zebrafish, as well as optogenetically and behaviorally triggered NE release in the LC and hypothalamus of freely moving mice. Thus, GRABNE sensors are a robust tool for rapid and specific monitoring of in vivo NE/Epi transmission in both physiological and pathological processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lischinsky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hires, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/449546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for rapid and specific in vivo detection ofnorepinephrine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/459404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
scRMD: Imputation for single cell RNA-seq data via robust matrix decomposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/459404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationSingle cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables whole transcriptome profiling at single cell resolution and holds great promises in many biological and medical applications. Nevertheless, scRNA-seq often fails to capture expressed genes, leading to the prominent dropout problem. These dropouts cause many problems in down-stream analysis, such as significant noise increase, power loss in differential expression analysis and obscuring of gene-to-gene or cell-to-cell relationship. Imputation of these dropout values thus becomes an essential step in scRNA-seq data analysis.nnResultsIn this paper, we model the dropout imputation problem as robust matrix decomposition. This model has minimal assumptions and allows us to develop a computational efficient imputation method scRMD. Extensive data analysis shows that scRMD can accurately recover the dropout values and help to improve downstream analysis such as differential expression analysis and clustering analysis.nnContactruibinxi@math.pku.edu.cn
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/459404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[scRMD: Imputation for single cell RNA-seq data via robust matrix decomposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of the Fourth Transmembrane Segment in TRAAK Channel Mechanosensitivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/463034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo, TRAAK, TRPs and OSCA are important transmembrane proteins that are involved in many physiological processes such as touch, hearing and blood pressure regulation. Unlike ligand-gated channels or voltage-gated ion channels, which have a canonical ligand-binding domain or voltage-sensing domain, the mechanosensitive domain and related gating mechanism remain elusive. TRAAK channels are mechanosensitive channels that convert a physical mechanical force into a flow of potassium ions. The structures of TRAAK channels have been solved, however, the functional roles of the structural domains associated with channel mechanosensitivity remains unclear. Here, we generated a series of chimeric mutations between TRAAK and a non-mechanosensitive silent TWIK-1 K2P channel. We found that the selectivity filter region functions as the major gate of outward rectification and found that lower part of fourth transmembrane domain (M4) is necessary for TRAAK channel mechanosensitivity. We further demonstrated that upper part of M4 can modulate the mechanosensitivity of TRAAK channel. Furthermore, we found that hydrophilic substitutions of W262 and F121 facing each other, and hydrophobic substitutions of Q258 and G124, which are above and below W262 and F121, respectively, greatly increase mechanosensitivity, which suggests that dynamic interactions in the upper part of M4 and PH1 domain are involved in TRAAK channel mechanosensitivity. Interestingly, these gain-of-function mutations are sensitive to cell-poking stimuli, indicating that cell-poking stimuli generate a low membrane mechanical force that opens TRAAK channels. Our results thus showed that fourth transmembrane domain of TRAAK is critical for the gating of TRAAK by mechanical force and suggested that multiple dynamic interactions in the upper part of M4 and PH1 domain are involved in this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/463034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of the Fourth Transmembrane Segment in TRAAK Channel Mechanosensitivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464867v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464867v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although accumulating evidence indicates that the anterior insular cortex (AIC) mediates interoceptive attention, which refers the attention towards physiological signals arising from the body, the necessity of the AIC in this process has not been demonstrated. Using a novel task that directs attention toward breathing rhythm, we assessed the involvement of the AIC in interoceptive attention in healthy participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging and examined the necessity of the AIC in interoceptive attention in patients with AIC lesions. We found that interoceptive attention was associated with greater AIC activation, as well as enhanced coupling between the AIC and somatosensory area along with reduced coupling between AIC and visual sensory areas. AIC activation and connectivity were predictive of individual differences in interoceptive accuracy. Importantly, AIC lesion patients showed disrupted interoceptive discrimination accuracy and sensitivity. Together, these results provide compelling evidence that AIC plays a critical role in interoceptive attention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464867</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Anterior insular cortex plays a critical role in interoceptive attention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Statistical properties of the optimal sensitivity matrix for compressed sensing with nonlinear sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There are numerous different odorant molecules in nature. Typical odors are sparse mixtures of a few types of odorant molecules each with a wide range of concentrations. However, there are only a relatively small number of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which respond to odorant concentration nonlinearly (sigmoidal) with a finite sensitivity range. Thus, how to encode a large number of sparse odor mixtures with a relatively small number of nonlinear ORNs - the nonlinear compressed sensing problem - remains a puzzle. Here, by using an information theory approach, we study the optimal coding strategies that enable nonlinear ORNs to best represent olfactory information (both the odorants identities and their concentrations) in sparse odor mixtures. Our extensive numerical simulations and analytical analysis show that the optimal odor-receptor sensitivity matrix is sparse and the nonzero sensitivities follow roughly a log-normal distribution(matching the statistics of the odorants), both of which are consistent with existing experiments. For ORNs with a finite basal activity, our study shows that co-existence of both odor-evoked excitation and inhibition increases coding capacity, which provides a plausible explanation for such co-existence observed in the fly olfactory system. Furthermore, we show that coding the inputs with the optimal sensitivity matrix can enhance accuracy of the downstream decoding and learning tasks. These general statistical properties of the optimal sensitivity matrix for nonlinear compressed sensing may shed light on understanding the peripheral olfactory sensory system and improving performance of artificial neural networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Statistical properties of the optimal sensitivity matrix for compressed sensing with nonlinear sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Framework to Incorporate D-trace Loss into Compositional Data Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/464982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies for 16S rRNA gene profiling provides higher quality compositional data for microbe communities. Inferring the direct interaction network under a specific condition and understanding how the network structure changes between two different environmental or genetic conditions are two important topics in biological studies. However, the compositional nature and high dimensionality of the data are challenging in the context of network and differential network recovery. To address this problem in the present paper, we proposed a framework to incorporate the data transformations developed for compositional data analysis into D-trace loss for network and differential network estimation, respectively. The sparse matrix estimators are defined as the minimizer of the corresponding lasso penalized loss. This framework is characterized by its straightforward application based on the ADMM algorithm for numerical solution. Simulations show that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in network and differential network inference under different scenarios. Finally, as an illustration, our method is applied to a mouse skin microbiome data.nnAuthor summaryInferring the direct interactions among microbes and how these interactions change under different conditions are important to understand community-wide dynamics. The compositional nature and high dimensionality are two distinctive features of microbial data, which invalidate traditional correlation analysis and challenge interaction network estimation. In this study, we set up a framework that combines data transformation with D-trace loss to infer the direct interaction network and differential network from compositional data. Simulations and real data analysis show that our proposed methods lead to results with higher accuracy and stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/464982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Framework to Incorporate D-trace Loss into Compositional Data Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/465781v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PARIS, an optogenetic method for functionally mapping gap junctions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/465781v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell-cell communication via gap junctions regulates a wide range of physiological processes by enabling the direct intercellular electrical and chemical coupling. However, the in vivo distribution and function of gap junctions remain poorly understood, partly due to the lack of non-invasive tools with both cell-type specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution. Here we developed PARIS (pairing actuators and receivers to optically isolate gap junctions), a new fully genetically encoded tool for measuring the cell-specific gap junctional coupling (GJC). PARIS successfully enabled monitoring of GJC in several cultured cell lines under physiologically relevant conditions and in distinct genetically defined neurons in Drosophila brain, with ~10-sec temporal resolution and sub-cellular spatial resolution. These results demonstrate that PARIS is a robust, highly sensitive tool for mapping functional gap junctions and study their regulation in both health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/465781</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PARIS, an optogenetic method for functionally mapping gap junctions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478974v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential requirement for centriolar satellites in cilium formation among different vertebrate cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/478974v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites are ubiquitous in vertebrate cells. They have recently emerged as key regulators of centrosome/cilium biogenesis, and their mutations are linked to ciliopathies. However, their precise functions and mechanisms of action, which potentially differ between cell types, remain poorly understood. Here, we generated retinal pigmental and kidney epithelial cells lacking satellites by genetically ablating PCM1 to investigate their functions. While satellites were essential for cilium assembly in retinal epithelial cells, kidney epithelial cells lacking satellites still formed full-length cilia but at significantly lower levels, with reduced centrosomal levels of key ciliogenesis factors. Using these cells, we identified the first satellite-specific functions at cilia, specifically in regulating ciliary content, Hedgehog signalling, and epithelial cell organization. However, other satellite-linked functions, namely proliferation, cell cycle progression and centriole duplication, were unaffected in these cells. Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed that loss of satellites scarcely affects transcription, but significantly alters the proteome, particularly actin cytoskeleton pathways and neuronal functions. Together, our findings identify cell type-specific roles for satellites and provide insight into the phenotypic heterogeneity of ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Odabasi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohlsen, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/478974</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential requirement for centriolar satellites in cilium formation among different vertebrate cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483990v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De novo aging-related meganeurites: alteration of NADPH diaphorase positivity in the sacral spinal cord of the aged dog 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/483990v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The aging-related changes of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal cord were studied in aged dogs. At all levels of the spinal cord examined, NADPH-d activities were present in neurons and fibers in the superficial dorsal horn, dorsal commissure and in neurons around the central canal. In addition, the sympathetic autonomic nucleus in the thoracic and rostral lumbar segments exhibited prominent NADPH-d cellular staining whereas the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the sacral segments was not well stained. Interestingly, we found abundant NADPH-d positive enlarged-diameter fibers termed megaloneurite, which characteristically occurred in the aged sacral segments, distributed in the dorsal gray commissure (DGC), lateral collateral pathway (LCP) the lateral fasciculi and the central canal compared with the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. The dense, abnormal NADPH-d megaloneurites occurred in extending from dorsal entry zone through lamina I along with the lateral boundary of the dorsal horn to the region of the SPN. These fibers were prominent in the S1-S3 segments but not in adjacent segments L5-L7 and Cx1 or in thoracolumbar segments and cervical segments. Double staining with GFAP, NeuN, CGRP, MAP2 and Iba1, NADPH-d megaloneurite colocalized with vasoactive intestinal peptide. Presumably, the megaloneurites may represent, in part, visceral afferent projections to the SPN and/or DGC. The NADPH-d megaloneurites in the aged sacral spinal cord indicated some anomalous changes in the neurites, which might account for a disturbance in the aging pathway of the autonomic and sensory nerve in the pelvic visceral organs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/483990</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De novo aging-related meganeurites: alteration of NADPH diaphorase positivity in the sacral spinal cord of the aged dog]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/484113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel genes for autism implicate both excitatory and inhibitory cell lineages in risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/484113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present the largest exome sequencing study to date focused on rare variation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n=35,584). Integrating de novo and case-control variation with an enhanced Bayesian framework incorporating evolutionary constraint against mutation, we implicate 99 genes in ASD risk at a false discovery rate (FDR) [&le;] 0.1. Of these 99 risk genes, 46 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained for severe neurodevelopmental delay, while 50 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained for ASD, and comparing ASD cases with disruptive mutations in the two groups shows differences in phenotypic presentation. Expressed early in brain development, most of the risk genes have roles in neuronal communication or regulation of gene expression, and 12 fall within recurrent copy number variant loci. In human cortex single-cell gene expression data, expression of the 99 risk genes is also enriched in both excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, implying that disruption of these genes alters the development of both neuron types. Together, these insights broaden our understanding of the neurobiology of ASD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Satterstrom, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosmicki, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Rubeis, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grove, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stevens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reichert, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulhern, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artomov, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerges, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheppard, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhaduri, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norman, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brand, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guerrero, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aleksic, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anney, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbosa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bishop, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brusco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bybjerg-Grauholm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carracedo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiocchetti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuccaro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curro, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalla Bernardina, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domenici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fallerini, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Prieto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrero, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freitag,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/484113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel genes for autism implicate both excitatory and inhibitory cell lineages in risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/484493v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decoding functional regulatory maps via genomic evolutionary footprints in 63 green plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/484493v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systematic identification of functional transcriptional regulatory interactions is essential for understanding regulatory systems. Here, we firstly established genome-wide conservation landscapes for 63 green plants of seven lineages and then developed an algorithm FunTFBS to screen for functional regulatory elements and interactions by coupling base-varied binding affinities of transcription factors with the evolutionary footprints on their binding sites. Using the FunTFBS and the conservation landscapes, we further identified over two million functional interactions for 21,346 TFs, charting functional regulatory maps of these 63 plants. Our work provides plant community with valuable resources to decode plant transcriptional regulatory system and genome sequences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/484493</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decoding functional regulatory maps via genomic evolutionary footprints in 63 green plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptation of Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin exposure: Laboratory mimicking of a clinical case 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/493221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adaptation of Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin use on a disease course of a patient was described. Effects of colistin was mimicked in the laboratory conditions. The colistin resistant isolate was identified from the patient after 25 days of colistin treatment. In the laboratory, the expressions of pmrCAB were the highest at the generation which was corresponded to the duration of therapy. A. baumannii can develop a stable colistin-resistant phenotype after three weeks of colistin exposure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oralkan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keske, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergonul, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/493221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptation of Acinetobacter baumannii to colistin exposure: Laboratory mimicking of a clinical case]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic LINE-1 retrotransposition in cortical neurons of Rett patients and healthy individuals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mounting evidence supports that LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition can occur postzygotically in healthy and diseased human tissues, contributing to genomic mosaicism in the brain and other somatic tissues of an individual. However, the genomic distribution of somatic L1Hs (Human-specific LINE-1) insertions and their potential impact on carrier cells remain unclear. Here, using a PCR-based targeted bulk sequencing approach, we profiled 9,181 somatic insertions from 20 postmortem tissues from five Rett patients and their matched healthy controls. We identified and validated somatic L1Hs insertions in both cortical neurons and non-brain tissues. In Rett patients, somatic insertions were significantly depleted in exons--mainly contributed by long genes--than healthy controls, implying that cells carrying MECP2 mutations might be defenseless against a second exonic L1Hs insertion. We observed a significant increase of somatic L1Hs insertions in the brain compared with non-brain tissues from the same individual. Compared to germline insertions, somatic insertions were less sense-depleted to transcripts, indicating that they underwent weaker selective pressure on the orientation of insertion. Our observations demonstrate that somatic L1Hs insertions contribute to genomic diversity and MECP2 dysfunction alters their genomic patterns in Rett patients.

Author SummaryHuman-specific LINE-1 (L1Hs) is the most active autonomous retrotransposon family in the human genome. Mounting evidence supports that L1Hs retrotransposition occurs postzygotically in the human brain cells, contributing to neuronal genomic diversity, but the extent of L1Hs-driven mosaicism in the brain is debated. In this study, we profiled genome-wide L1Hs insertions among 20 postmortem tissues from Rett patients and matched controls. We identified and validated somatic L1Hs insertions in both cortical neurons and non-brain tissues, with a higher jumping activity in the brain. We further found that MECP2 dysfunction might alter the genomic pattern of somatic L1Hs in Rett patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyde, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic LINE-1 retrotransposition in cortical neurons of Rett patients and healthy individuals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of TTN as a novel candidate gene for atrioventricular block in a Chinese pedigree by whole-exome sequencing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/506824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeCardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally. In which atrioventricular block (AVB) is a common disorder with genetic causes, but the responsible genes have not been fully identified yet. To determine the underlying causative genes involved in cardiac AVB, here we report a three-generation Chinese family with severe autosomal dominant cardiac AVB that has been ruled out as being caused by known genes mutations.nnMethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed in five affected family members across three generations, and co-segregation analysis was validated on other members of this family.nnResultsWhole-exome sequencing and subsequent co-segregation validation identified a novel germline heterozygous point missense mutation, c.49287C>A (p.N16429K), in the titin (TTN, NM_001267550.2) gene in all 5 affected family members, but not in the unaffected family members. The point mutation is predicted to be functionally deleterious by in-silico software tools. Our finding was further supported by the conservative analysis across species.nnConclusionBased on this study, TTN was identified as a potential novel candidate gene for autosomal dominant AVB; this study expands the mutational spectrum of TTN gene and is the first to implicate TTN mutations as AVB disease causing in a Chinese pedigree.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/506824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of TTN as a novel candidate gene for atrioventricular block in a Chinese pedigree by whole-exome sequencing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507137v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causes of death among hospitalized adults with dengue fever in Tainan, 2015: emphasis on cardiac events and bacterial infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/507137v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionThe 2015 dengue outbreak in southern Taiwan caused substantial mortality rates in the elderly. We analyzed here the causes of death among adults with dengue.nnMethodsThe retrospective study was conducted at a medical center in Tainan from the 1st of August to 31th of December in the year 2015. The detection of the dengue NS1 antigen IgM or viral RNA in patients blood were used to diagnose dengue. Clinical courses and causes of death were retrieved from chart reviews by two intensivists.nnResultsThere were 4,488 cases of dengue diagnosed in the study hospital, and these cases had an in-hospital case fatality rate of 1.34% (60 cases). Of these, the mean age was 73 years and gender did not predict outcome. Twenty-eight (46.7%) cases died of severe dengue, and 29 (48.3%) deaths were possibly caused by dengue-related complications, which were mostly secondary infections (24 cases). Most of the families of fatal case (70%) signed do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders prior to the patients death. When the dengue epidemic peaked, 13 cardiac arrest events, including out-of-hospital (5 events) and in-hospital (8) cardiac arrests at the emergency department, occurred within four weeks of the dengue epidemic. Notably, in half (7) of these cases, the patients did not search for medical aid prior to experiencing cardiac arrest. Of the 40 cases that had early death (occurring within one week after hospitalization), 60% died of severe dengue. In contrast, 50% of the 20 deaths that occurred later than one week after hospitalization were related to hospital-acquired infections, mainly pneumonia.nnConclusionThe elderly that experience dengue fever may die of severe dengue early or die of secondary infections later. Cardiac arrests can also occur unpredictably at the first aids, which highlight the need of professional and patient education regarding the danger signs that are related to severe dengue in an epidemic setting.nnAuthor summaryThe 2015 dengue outbreak in Tainan City caused substantial deaths among the elderly. The main causes of death were severe dengue and its complications. We here highlight the deaths caused by heart complications of dengue that the elderly has underlying cardiovascular comorbidities is more prone to be involved. The presentations of heart complications vary, ranging from arrythmia to myocarditis and to unexpected cardiac arrest. Clinicians should carefully evaluate and monitor the heart function of patients with severe dengue and provide timing intervention. Secondary infections or healthcare-associated infections may occur throughout the whole hospitalized course. They were also the leading causes of death during the late or recovery phase of dengue in the study. Judicious application of antimicrobial agents and early elimination of infection source may be beneficial. Overall, the substantial deaths during this outbreak may be related to low public awareness of dengue, emergency department overclouding, and lack of clinical experience. Professional and public education regarding the danger signs that are related to severe dengue is necessary in an epidemic setting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cia, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, N.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/507137</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causes of death among hospitalized adults with dengue fever in Tainan, 2015: emphasis on cardiac events and bacterial infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new convolution model for effective bio-motif detection via rationally design the \"black box\" 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motif identification is among the most common and essential computational tasks for bioinformatics and genomics. Here we proposed a novel convolutional layer for deep neural network, named Variable Convolutional (vConv) layer, for effective motif identification in high-throughput omics data by learning kernel length from data adaptively. Empirical evaluations on DNA-protein binding and DNase footprinting cases well demonstrated that vConv-based networks have superior performance to their convolutional counterparts regardless of model complexity. Meanwhile, vConv could be readily integrated into multi-layer neural networks as an "in-place replacement" of canonical convolutional layer. All source codes are freely available on GitHub for academic usage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/508242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new convolution model for effective bio-motif detection via rationally design the \"black box\"]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508275v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bi-clustering based biological and clinical characterization of colorectal cancer in complementary to CMS classification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/508275v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In light of the marked differences in the intrinsic biological underpinnings and prognostic outcomes among different subtypes, Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification provides a new taxonomy of colorectal cancer (CRC) solely based on transcriptomics data and has been accepted as a standard rule for CRC stratification. Even though CMS was built on highly cancer relevant features, it suffers from limitations in capturing the promiscuous mechanisms in a clinical setting. There are at least two facts about using transcriptomic data for prognosis prediction: the engagement of genes or pathways that execute the clinical response pathway are highly dynamic and interactive with others; and a predefined patient stratification not only largely decrease the statistical analysis power, but also excludes the fact that clusters of patients that confer similar clinical outcomes may or may not overlap with a pre-defined subgrouping. To enable a flexible and prospective stratified exploration, we here present a novel computational framework based on bi-clustering aiming to identify gene regulatory mechanisms associated with various biological, clinical and drug-resistance features, with full recognition of the transiency of transcriptional regulation and complicacies of patients subgrouping with regards to different biological and clinical settings. Our analysis on multiple large scale CRC transcriptomics data sets using a bi-clustering based formulation suggests that the detected local low rank modules can not only generate new biological understanding coherent to CMS stratification, but also identify predictive markers for prognosis that are general to CRC or CMS dependent, as well as novel alternative drug resistance mechanisms. Our key results include: (1) a comprehensive annotation of the local low rank module landscape of CRC; (2) a mechanistic relationship between different clinical subtypes and outcomes, as well as their characteristic biological underpinnings, visible through a novel consensus map; and (3) a few (novel) resistance mechanisms of Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and the FOLFOX therapy are revealed, some of which are validated on independent datasets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2018-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/508275</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bi-clustering based biological and clinical characterization of colorectal cancer in complementary to CMS classification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2018-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513093v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time- and size-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics in highly polluted air: new clues for haze formation mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513093v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aerosol chemistry is often studied without considering microbial involvements. Here, we have applied a high-volume (1 m3/min) aerosol sampler and the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (NanoMoudi) along with molecular and microscopic methods to investigate time-and size-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics in air. Under high particulate matter (PM) polluted episodes, bacterial aerosols were detected to have a viability up to 50-70% in the 0.56-1 m size range, at which elevated levels of SO42-, NO3- and NH4+ were concurrently observed. Engineered or acclimated for both pharmaceuticals and wastewater treatment, bacteria such as Psychrobacter spp., Massilia spp., Acinetobacter lwoffii, Exiguobacterium aurantiacum, and Bacillus megaterium were shown to have experienced massive abundance shifts in polluted air on early mornings and late afternoons, on which were previously reported to witness rapid new particle formation events. For example, Acinetobacter spp. were shown to account for > 96% abundance at a corresponding PM2.5 level of 208 ng/m3. The bacterial aerosol changes corresponded to the observed PM2.5 mass peak shift from 3.2-5.6 m to the high viability size range of 0.56-1m. Additionally, it is interesting that elevated levels of soluble Na, Ca, Mg, K, Al, Fe and P elements that are required for bacterial growth were observed to co-occur with those significant bacterial aerosol structure shifts in the air. For particular time-resolved PM2.5 pollution episodes, Acinetobacter and Massilia were shown to alternate in dominating the time-resolved aerosol community structures. The results from a HYSPLIT trajectory model simulation suggested that the role by air mass transport in affecting the observed bacterial aerosol dynamics could be minor. As an evidence, we found that Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, Exiguobacterium, and Bacillus genera were emitted into the air with a level of > 3000 CFU/m3 from a pharmaceutical plant. In addition, high level of VOCs up to 15,030 ppbv, mainly Acetone (61%) and Acetaldehyde (11%), were also detected in the air inside the plant. All the data including size-resolved viability and time-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics together with their growth conditions detected in the air suggested that airborne bacteria in the size range of 0.56- 1m could have played important roles for haze formation in Beijing. The results about time- and size-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics from this work provide a fresh understanding of aerosol chemistry especially in highly polluted air. It is hoped that these findings could lend a support in future cost-effective air pollution control practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513093</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time- and size-resolved bacterial aerosol dynamics in highly polluted air: new clues for haze formation mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cyclin A2/Cdk1 is Essential for the in vivo S Phase Entry by Phosphorylating Top2a. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/513861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays essential roles in cell cycle regulation. However, due to the early embryonic lethality of mouse Cdk1 mutants, the in vivo role of CDK1 in regulating cell cycle and embryonic development remains unclear. Here, by generating zebrafish cdk1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 system, we show that cdk1-/- embryos exhibit severe microphthalmia accompanied with multiple defects in polarized cell division, S phase entry and M phase progression, cell apoptosis and cell differentiation, but not in interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM). By informatics analysis, we identified Top2a as a potential downstream target, and Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 as partners of Cdk1 in cell cycle. Depletion of either Cyclin A2 or Top2a leads to decreased S phase entry and increased DNA damage response in zebrafish retinal cells, and depletion of Cyclin B1 leads to M phase arrest. Immunoprecipitation shows that Cdk1 and Cyclin A2 physically interact in vivo. Moreover, phosphorylation of Top2a on Serine 1213 (S1213) site is almost absent in either cdk1 or ccna2 mutants, but in not ccnb1 mutants. Furthermore, overexpression of TOP2AS1213, the phosphomimetic form of human TOP2A, rescues S phase entry and microphthalmia defects in cdk1-/- and ccna2-/- embryos. Taken together, our data suggests that Cdk1 interacts with Cyclin A2 to regulate S phase entry through phosphorylating Top2a, and with Cyclin B1 to regulate M phase progression in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/513861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cyclin A2/Cdk1 is Essential for the in vivo S Phase Entry by Phosphorylating Top2a.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515486v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immune gene expression profiling reveals heterogeneity in luminal breast tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/515486v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disease heterogeneity of immune gene expression patterns of luminal breast cancer (BC) has not been well studied. We performed immune gene expression profiling of tumor and adjacent normal tissue in 92 Asian luminal BC patients and identified three distinct immune subtypes. Tumors in one subtype exhibited signs of T-cell activation, lower ESR1/ESR2 expression ratio and higher expression of immune checkpoint genes, nonsynonymous mutation burden, APOBEC-signature mutations, and increasing body mass index compared to other luminal tumors. Tumors in a second subtype were characterized by increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes and enrichment for TP53 somatic mutations. The presence of three immune subtypes within luminal BC was replicated in cases drawn from The Cancer Genome Atlas and a Korean breast cancer study. Our findings suggest that immune gene expression and associated genomic features could be useful to further stratify luminal BC beyond the current luminal A/B classification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, S. L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abubakar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsang, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, W.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hicks, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prokunina-Olsson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Closas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chanock, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/515486</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immune gene expression profiling reveals heterogeneity in luminal breast tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Osmoregulation of glutamine synthetase from Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under osmotic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/517409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of glutamine (Gln) from glutamate and ammonia. Gln a vital amino acid acts as a precursor for protein synthesis and also assist in ammonia repressor and a key osmoregulators in aquatics. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the GS gene from Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr-GS). The complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined that phylogenetically shared highest identity with other crustaceans. GS mRNA was differentially expressed in 6 different tissues, with high to low order as muscle > gills > heart > stomach > brain > haemolymph. Mr-GS expression and the glutamine concentrations were analyzed in the gills and muscle tissues of prawn under hyper/hypo-osmotic stress conditions. Under hyper-osmotic stress, the mRNA expression of Mr-GS was significantly increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post-treatment with 2.54, 4.21 and 10.83 folds, and 11.66, 17.97 and 45.92 folds, respectively. Protein analysis by western blot (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further confirmed the Mr-GS expression was increased at 12 h post treatment. On the other hand, under hypo-osmotic stress, the mRNA expression of Mr-GS was also significantly increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post treatment with 1.63, 3.30 and 3.52 folds, and 4.06, 42.99 and 26.69 folds, respectively. Furthermore, under hyperosmotic stress, Gln concentration was increased in both gills and muscle at 6 and 12 h post treatment with 1.83, 2.02 folds, and 1.41, 1.29 folds, respectively. While, under hypo-osmotic stress, Gln concentration was increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post treatment with 3.99, 3.40, 2.59 folds, and 1.72, 1.83, 1.80 folds, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that Mr-GS might play a key role in osmoregulation in M. rosenbergii.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhijie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhendong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vijayaraman, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chengkai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guomao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiabo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haiyang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhijie Lu, Zhendong Qin, Sarath Babu V, Chengkai Ye, Guomao Su, Jiabo Li, Guang Yang, Haiyang Shen,,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/517409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Osmoregulation of glutamine synthetase from Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under osmotic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519074v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Motion direction representation in multivariate electroencephalography activity for smooth pursuit eye movements 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519074v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visually-guided smooth pursuit eye movements are composed of initial open-loop and later steady-state periods. Feedforward sensory information dominates the motor behavior during the open-loop pursuit, and a more complex feedback loop regulates the steady-state pursuit. To understand the neural representations of motion direction during open-loop and steady-state smooth pursuits, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) responses from human observers while they tracked random dot kinematograms as pursuit targets. We estimated population direction tuning curves from multivariate EEG activity using an inverted encoding model. We found significant direction tuning curves as early as 20 ms from motion onset. Direction tuning responses were generalized to later times during the open-loop smooth pursuit, but they became more dynamic during the later steady-state pursuit. The encoding quality of retinal motion direction information estimated from the early direction tuning curves was predictive of trial-by-trial variation in initial pursuit directions. These results suggest that the movement directions of open-loop smooth pursuit are guided by the representation of the retinal motion present in the multivariate EEG activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519074</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Motion direction representation in multivariate electroencephalography activity for smooth pursuit eye movements]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How many bits of information can be transferred within a protein and how fast? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/519827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amount and rate of information that may be transferred from one residue to another in a protein is quantified using the transfer entropy concept of information theory. Information transfer from one residue to the second is defined as the decrease in the uncertainty in the second residue due to coupling with past values of the first. Three types of information transfer between pairs of residues are defined: transfer between residues that are (i) close in both space and along the primary protein chain, (ii) close in space but distant along the chain, and (iii) distant in space and along the chain may be distinguished. The widely studied third PDZ domain from the synaptic protein PSD-95 is used as an example. The three types of transfer show that residues close in space and chain transfer the largest amount of information. Transfer along the primary chain is also significant. Predictions of the model show that significant amount of transfer may also take place between spatially distant pairs of residues. The latter forms the basis of dynamic allostery in proteins. The role of information transfer between distant pairs in relation to coevolution has been controversial, some works assigning it to near neighbor residue pairs only and others supporting long range coupling. The present paper shows that significant amount of information may be transferred between distant pairs in PSD-95.Transfer rates of the order of gigabytes per second are predicted by the present theory. Information transfer between a specific set of residue pairs exhibit strong directionality, or causality, an observation that may be of use in protein engineering and drug design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/519827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How many bits of information can be transferred within a protein and how fast?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
JuLI: accurate detection of DNA fusions in clinical sequencing for precision oncology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate detection of genomic fusions by high-throughput sequencing in clinical samples with inadequate tumor purity and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue is an essential task in precise oncology. We developed the fusion detection algorithm Junction Location Identifier (JuLI) for optimization of high-depth clinical sequencing. We implemented novel filtering steps to minimize false positives and a joint calling function to increase sensitivity in clinical setting. We comprehensively validated the algorithm using high-depth sequencing data from cancer cell lines and clinical samples and whole genome sequencing data from NA12878. We showed that JuLI outperformed state-of-the-art fusion callers in cases with high-depth clinical sequencing and rescued a driver fusion from false negative in plasma cell-free DNA. JuLI is freely available via GitHub (https://github.com/sgilab/JuLI).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, N. K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[JuLI: accurate detection of DNA fusions in clinical sequencing for precision oncology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phase separation during mouse early embryonic development and underlying genetic and epigenetic correlations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/521401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromatin undergoes drastic structural organization and epigenetic reprogramming during embryonic development. We present here a consistent view of the chromatin structural change, epigenetic reprogramming and the corresponding sequence dependence in both mouse and human embryo development. The two types of domains, identified earlier as forests and prairies, become spatially segregated during embryonic development, with the exception of zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and implantation, at which notable domain mixing occurs. Structural segregation largely coincides with DNA methylation and gene expression changes. Genes located in mixed prairie domains show proliferation and ectoderm differentiation-related function in ZGA and implantation, respectively. Chromatin of ectoderm shows the weakest and endoderm the strongest domain segregation in germ layers. This chromatin structure difference between different germ layers generally enlarges in further differentiation. The systematic chromatin structure establishment and its sequence-based segregation strongly suggest DNA sequence as a possible driving force for the establishment of chromatin 3D structures which affect profoundly the expression profile. Other possible factors correlated with/influencing chromatin structures, including temperature, germ layers, and cell cycle, were discussed for an understanding of concerted chromatin structure and epigenetic changes in development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Quan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/521401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phase separation during mouse early embryonic development and underlying genetic and epigenetic correlations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-dependent characterization of the carotid and cerebral artery morphologies in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell anemia using ultrasound and microcomputed tomography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/522748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Children with sickle cell anemia have elevated stroke risks as well as other arterial complications, but morphological changes to large arteries are not well defined, and the focus has been on the microcirculation where deoxygenation promotes sickling of red blood cells. The goal of this study was to define morphological changes in carotid and cerebral arteries in the Townes transgenic sickle cell mouse model, and to specifically determine anatomical measurement differences in mice homozygous for {beta}-globin S mutation (SS) compared to heterozygous (AS) littermate controls. We used a combination of live imaging with ultrasound and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging of corrosion casted vessels to quantify arterial dimensions and changes in mice 4, 12, and 24 weeks of age with or without sickle cell anemia. 12 week SS mice had significantly larger common carotid artery diameters than AS mice, and significantly larger diameters in the extracranial and intracranial portions of the internal carotid artery (ICA), determined by ultrasound and micro-CT, respectively. There were also side specific differences between the left and right vessels. There was significant narrowing along ICA length in 12-and 24-week SS mice, decreasing by as much as 70%, such that there was no difference in size between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, where the ICA terminates, by genotype. Significant narrowing along the length was also measured in the anterior cerebral arteries of 12-and 24-week SS mice, but not AS. Collectively, these findings indicate that sickle cell anemia causes increased arterial dimensions in 12-and 24-week aged mice. We also provide these measurements for the common carotid, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral arteries for left and right sides, for AS and SS genotypes as a reference for other investigators using in silico modeling of arterial complications caused by aging with sickle cell anemia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rivera, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlear, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bollavaram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ariyo, O. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omojola, V. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, M. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/522748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-dependent characterization of the carotid and cerebral artery morphologies in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell anemia using ultrasound and microcomputed tomography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D spatial organization and network-guided comparison of mutation profiles in Glioblastoma reveals similarities across patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/523563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mutation profiles of Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors are very heterogeneous which is the main challenge in the interpretation of the effects of mutations in disease. Additionally, the impact of the mutations is not uniform across the proteins and protein-protein interactions. The pathway level representation of the mutations is very limited. In this work, we approach these challenges through a systems level perspective in which we analyze how the mutations in GBM tumors are distributed in protein structures/interfaces and how they are organized at the network level. Our results show that out of 14644 mutations, 4392 have structural information and ~13% of them form spatial patches. Despite a small portion of all mutations, 3D patches partially decrease the heterogeneity across the patients. Hub proteins adapt multiple patches of mutations usually with a very large one and connects mutations in multiple binding sites through the core of the protein. We reconstructed patient specific networks for 290 GBM tumors. Network-guided analysis of mutations completes the interaction components that mutated proteins potentially affect, and groups the patients according to the reconstructed networks. As a result, we found 4 tumor clusters that overcome the heterogeneity in mutation profiles, and reveal predominant pathways in each group. Additionally, the network-based similarity analysis shows that each group of patients carries a set of signature 3D mutation patches. We believe that this study provides another perspective to the analysis of mutation effects and a good training towards the network-guided precision medicine.nnAuthor SummaryGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor type with a 15 months of survival on average. The mutation distribution of the GBM patients is very heterogeneous and standard treatments fail to consider the inter-tumor heterogeneity. In our study, we follow a systems level approach that integrates mutation profiles with protein-protein interaction networks. We hypothesized that although the mutations are heterogeneous, the mutations that are close in 3D of the same protein may affect the protein function similarly and this information can be used to get meaningful relation between disease state and mutations. Therefore, we spatially grouped these mutations as "patches" and reconstructed patient specific protein interaction networks. When we cluster these networks based on their pathway similarities, we found four patient groups in GBM. Then, the comparison of groups revealed overrepresentation of 3D patches. This finding can be used for patient specific therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dincer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/523563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D spatial organization and network-guided comparison of mutation profiles in Glioblastoma reveals similarities across patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CTCF-mediated Chromatin Structures Dictate the Spatio-temporal Propagation of Replication Foci 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/525915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian DNA replication is initiated at numerous replication origins, which are clustered into thousands of replication domains (RDs) across the genome. However, it remains unclear whether the replication origins within each RD are activated stochastically. To understand how replication is regulated at the sub-RD level, we directly visualized the spatio-temporal organization, morphology, and in situ epigenetic signatures of individual replication foci (RFi) across S-phase using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). Importantly, we revealed a hierarchical radial pattern of RFi propagation that reverses its directionality from early to late S-phase, and is diminished upon caffeine treatment or CTCF knockdown. Together with simulation and bioinformatic analyses, our findings point to a  CTCF-organized REplication Propagation (CoREP) model. The CoREP model suggests a non-random selection mechanism for replication activation mediated by CTCF at the sub-RD level, as well as the critical involvement of local chromatin environment in regulating replication in space and time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, Q. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/525915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CTCF-mediated Chromatin Structures Dictate the Spatio-temporal Propagation of Replication Foci]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual forms of aging-related NADPH diaphorase neurodegeneration in the sacral spinal cord of aged non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/527358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We discovered two different anomalous NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive alterations, which were expressed as aging-related NADPH-d positive spheroidal bodies and megaloneurites specially distributed in the superficial dorsal horn, dorsal gray commissure (DGC), lateral collateral pathway (LCP) and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the aged monkeys sacral spinal cord, compared with the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. In the gracile nucleus of aged monkeys, only aging-related spheroidal bodies were observed and no megaloneurites occurred. The dense, abnormal NADPH-d positive megaloneurites, extremely different from regular NADPH-d positive fibers, were prominent in the sacral segments and occurred in extending from Lissauers tract (LT) through lamina I along the lateral boundary of the dorsal horn to the region of the SPN. Meanwhile, large diameter punctate NADPH-d activity occurred and scattered in the lateral white matter of the LCP and dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) at the same level of NADPH-d abnormality in the gray matters. Those dot-like NADPH-d alterations were examined by horizontal sectioning and indicated ascending or descending oriental fibers. These NADPH-d megaloneurites had the same composition as the punctate NADPH-d alterations and were co-localized with the VIP immunoreaction, while the ANBs did not coexist with the VIP immunoreaction. Both ANBs and megaloneurites provide consistent evidence that the anomalous neuritic alterations in the aged sacral spinal cord are referred to as a specialized aging marker in the pelvic visceral organs in non-human primates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/527358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual forms of aging-related NADPH diaphorase neurodegeneration in the sacral spinal cord of aged non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/532150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics profiling of CHO parental hosts reveals cell line-specific variations in bioprocessing traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/532150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most prevalent mammalian cell factories for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins due to their ability to synthesize human-like post-translational modifications and ease of maintenance in suspension cultures. Currently, a wide variety of CHO host cell lines have been developed; substantial differences exist in their phenotypes even when transfected with the same target vector. However, relatively less is known about the influence of their inherited genetic heterogeneity on phenotypic traits and production potential from the bioprocessing point of view. Herein, we present a global transcriptome and proteome profiling of three commonly used parental cell lines (CHO-K1, CHO-DXB11 and CHO-DG44) in suspension cultures and further report their growth-related characteristics, and N- and O-glycosylation patterns of host cell proteins (HCPs). The comparative multi-omics analysis indicated that some physiological variations of CHO cells grown in the same media are possibly originated from the genetic deficits, particularly in the cell cycle progression. Moreover, the dihydrofolate reductase deficient DG44 and DXB11 possess relatively less active metabolism when compared to K1 cells. The protein processing abilities and the N- and O-glycosylation profiles also differ significantly across the host cell lines, suggesting the need to select host cells in a rational manner for the cell line development on the basis of recombinant protein being produced.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kyriakopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poh, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, A. H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/532150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics profiling of CHO parental hosts reveals cell line-specific variations in bioprocessing traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GIGI2: A Fast Approach for Parallel Genotype Imputation in Large Pedigrees 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/533687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationImputation of untyped SNPs has become important in Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS). There has also been a trend towards analyzing rare variants, driven by the decrease of genome sequencing costs. Rare variants are enriched in pedigrees that have many cases or extreme phenotypes. This is especially the case for large pedigrees, which makes family-based designs ideal to detect rare variants associated with complex traits. The costs of performing relatively large family-based GWAS can be significantly reduced by fully sequencing only a fraction of the pedigree and performing imputation on the remaining subjects. The program GIGI can efficiently perform imputation in large pedigrees but can be time consuming. Here, we implement GIGIs imputation approach in a new program, GIGI2, which performs imputation with computational time reduced by at least 25x on one thread and 120x on eight threads. The memory usage of GIGI2 is reduced by at least 30x. This reduction is achieved by implementing better memory layout and a better algorithm for solving the Identity by Descent graphs, as well as with additional features, including multithreading. We also make GIGI2 available as a webserver based on the same framework as the Michigan Imputation Server.

AvailabilityGIGI2 is freely available online at https://cse-git.qcri.org/eullah/GIGI2 and the websever is at https://imputation.qcri.org/

Contactmsaad@hbku.edu.qa
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ullah, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kunji, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wijsman, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/533687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GIGI2: A Fast Approach for Parallel Genotype Imputation in Large Pedigrees]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional activation of immune-related signatures and prognostic significance: a pan-cancer analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/546069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundIt is becoming clear that tumor immune T cell infiltration and its functional orientation have substantial effect on cancer progression, influencing both response to therapy and prognosis. In this pan-cancer study, the previously described Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR) signature is used to define opposing immune phenotypes (i.e., immuneactive and immune-silent) across 31 different histologies. We systematically analyze the interconnections between the genetic programming of neoplasms and their immune orientation across different histologies, and the prognostic impact of such interplay. Moreover, we investigated the predictive value of ICR classification across various public datasets of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.

MethodsRNA-seq data of samples from a total of 9,282 patient tumor samples representing 31 cancer types were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We classified each cancer type based on the expression of the ICR gene signature. Oncogenic pathway gene set enrichment and mutational status were analyzed in relation to ICR phenotypes. To explore whether tumorintrinsic attributes associate with the prognostic value of ICR across cancers, we compared mutational load, oncogenic alterations and expression of oncogenic pathways between cancer types using an integrative bioinformatic pipeline.

ResultsOur analyses identified a distinct prognostic connotation of ICR depending on cancer histology. We identified several oncogenic pathways whose enrichment inversely correlated with ICR in multiple tumor types. We found several cancer specific pathways that were differentially enriched between tumors in which ICR had a prognostic impact versus the ones in which ICR did not bear any prognostic connotation such as proliferation and TGF-beta signaling. Importantly, this conditional impact of ICR was also validated in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment.

ConclusionsWe identified tumor-intrinsic attributes that correlate with immune phenotypes and potentially influence their development. In addition, a relationship was observed between the enrichment of oncogenic pathways and the prognostic significance of the ICR and its predictive value for patients treated with anti-CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibition. Such information can be used to prioritize potential candidates for therapies aimed at converting immune-silent into immuneactive tumors and to refine stratification algorithms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roelands, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halliwill, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoppoli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curigliano, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinchai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delogu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chouchane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuppen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finetti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertucci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marincola, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ceccarelli, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/546069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional activation of immune-related signatures and prognostic significance: a pan-cancer analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/558163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal functional organization of excitatory synaptic inputs onto macaque V1 neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/558163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The integration of synaptic inputs onto dendrites provides the basis for computation within individual neurons. Whereas recent studies have begun to outline the spatial organization of synaptic inputs on individual neurons, the underlying principles related to the specific neural functions is not well known. Here we performed two-photon dendritic imaging with genetically-encoded glutamate sensor in awake monkeys, and successfully mapped the excitatory synaptic inputs on dendrites of individual V1 neurons with high spatial and temporal resolution. We found that although synaptic inputs on dendrites were functionally clustered by feature, they were highly scattered in multidimensional feature space, providing a potential substrate of local feature integration on dendritic branches. We also found that nearly all individual neurons received both abundant orientation-selective and color-selective inputs. Furthermore, we found apical dendrites received more diverse inputs than basal dendrites, with larger receptive fields, and relatively longer response latencies, suggesting a specific apical role in integrating feedback in visual information processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ju, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macknik, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Conde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/558163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal functional organization of excitatory synaptic inputs onto macaque V1 neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562181v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pressure overload leads to coronary plaque formation, progression and myocardial events in ApoE-/- mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/562181v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are two major risk factors for coronary artery diseases, which remain the major cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Current animal models of atherosclerosis do not recapitulate coronary plaque disruption, thrombosis and myocardial infarction occurring in human. Recently, we demonstrated that exposure of the heart to high pressure, by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), induced coronary lesions in ApoE-/- mice on chow diet.

The aim of this study was to characterize the magnitude and location of coronary lesions in ApoE-/- mice post-TAC, and to assess the susceptibility of coronary plaque to disruption, leading to myocardial events.

Here we describe a reliable pathological condition in mice characterized by the development of coronary lesions and its progression leading to myocardial infarction, which better recapitulate human disease. Following TAC surgery, about 90% of ApoE-/- mice develop coronary lesions, especially in the left anterior descending artery, with 59% of the mice manifesting different magnitude of LAD stenosis. Myocardial events, identified in 74% of the mice, were mainly due to coronary plaque thrombosis and occlusion.

That TAC induces the development and progression of coronary lesions in ApoE-/- mice leading to myocardial events represents a novel and important tool to investigate the development of coronary lesions and its sequelae in a setting that better resemble human conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marino, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinelli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ip, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di Lorenzo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/562181</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pressure overload leads to coronary plaque formation, progression and myocardial events in ApoE-/- mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autistic traits lower the flexibility of information sampling: insights from a two-stage decision model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/582783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Information sampling can reduce uncertainty in future decisions but is often costly. To maximize reward, people need to balance sampling cost and information gain. Here we aimed to understand how autistic traits influence the optimality of information sampling and to identify the particularly affected cognitive processes. Healthy human adults with different levels of autistic traits performed a probabilistic inference task, where they could sequentially sample information to increase their likelihood of correct inference and may choose to stop at any moment. We manipulated the cost and evidence associated with each sample and compared participants performance to strategies that maximize expected gain. We found that participants were overall close to optimal but also showed autistic-trait-related differences. Participants with higher autistic traits had a higher efficiency of winning rewards when the sampling cost was zero but a lower efficiency when the cost was high and the evidence was more ambiguous.nnComputational modeling of participants sampling choices and decision times revealed a two-stage decision process, with the second stage being an optional second thought. Participants may consider cost in the first stage and evidence in the second stage, or in the reverse order. The probability of choosing stopping at a specific stage increases with increasing cost or increasing evidence. Surprisingly, autistic traits did not influence the decision in either stage. However, participants with higher autistic traits inclined to consider cost first, while those with lower autistic traits considered cost or evidence first in a more balanced way. This would lead to the observed autistic-trait-related advantages or disadvantages in sampling optimality, depending on whether the optimal sampling strategy is determined only by cost or jointly by cost and evidence.nnAuthor SummaryChildren with autism can spend hours practicing lining up toys or learning all about cars or lighthouses. This kind of behaviors, we think, may reflect suboptimal information sampling strategies, that is, a failure to balance the gain of information with the cost (time, energy, or money) of information sampling. We hypothesized that suboptimal information sampling is a general characteristic of people with autism or high level of autistic traits. In our experiment, we tested how participants may adjust their sampling strategies with the change of sampling cost and information gain in the environment. Though all participants were healthy young adults who had similar IQs, higher autistic traits were associated with higher or lower efficiency of winning rewards under different conditions. Counterintuitively, participants with different levels of autistic traits did not differ in the general tendency of oversampling or undersampling, or in the decision they would reach when a specific set of sampling cost or information gain was considered. Instead, participants with higher autistic traits consistently considered sampling cost first and only weighed information gain during a second thought, while those with lower autistic traits had more diverse sampling strategies that consequently better balanced sampling cost and information gain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/582783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autistic traits lower the flexibility of information sampling: insights from a two-stage decision model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/583666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle inhibitor Whi5 records environmental information to coordinate growth and division in yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/583666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proliferating cells need to evaluate the environment to determine the optimal timing for cell cycle entry, which is essential for coordinating cell division and growth. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the commitment to the next round of division is made in G1 at the Start, triggered by the inactivation of the inhibitor Whi5 through multiple mechanisms. However, how a cell reads environmental condition and uses this information to regulate Start is poorly understood. Here, we show that Whi5 is a key environmental indicator and plays a crucial role in coordinating cell growth and division. We found that under a variety of nutrient and stress conditions, the concentration of Whi5 in G1 is proportional to the doubling time in the environment. Thus, under a poorer condition a longer doubling time results in a higher Whi5 concentration, which in turn delays the next cell cycle entry to ensure sufficient cell growth. In addition, the coordination between division and the environment is further fine-tuned in G1 by environmentally dependent G1 cyclin-Cdk1 contribution and Whi5 threshold at Start. Our results show that Whi5 serves as an environmental  memory and that the cell adopts a simple and elegant mechanism to achieve an adaptive cellular decision making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/583666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle inhibitor Whi5 records environmental information to coordinate growth and division in yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deliver on Your Own: Disrespectful Maternity Care in rural Kenya 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/586693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUnder the Free Maternity Policy (FMP), Kenya has witnessed an increase health facility deliveries rather than home deliveries with Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) resulting in improved maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite these gains, maternal and infant mortality and morbidity rates in Kenya remain unacceptably high indicating that more work needs to be done.nnAimUsing data from the Access to Quality Care through Extending and Strengthening Health Systems (AQCESS) projects qualitative gender assessment, this paper examines and describes womens experience of disrespectful care during pregnancy, labour and delivery. The goal is to promote improved understanding of actual care conditions in order to develop interventions that can lift the standard of care, increase maternity facility use, and improve health outcomes for both women and newborns.nnMethodologyWe conducted sixteen focus group discussions (FGDs) with female adolescents, women, men and community health committee members. Twenty four key informants interviews (KII) including religious leaders, local government representatives, Ministry of Health (MOH) and local womens organizations were conducted. Data were captured through audio recordings and reflective field notes.nnResearch siteKisii and Kilifi Counties in Kenya.nnFindingsFindings show Nursing and medical care was sometimes disrespectful, humiliatings, uncompassionate, and neglectful. In both sites, male health workers were the most preferred by women as they were friendly and sensitive. Young women were more likely to be abused and women with disabled children were stigmatized.nnConclusionsKenya needs to enforce the implementation of the quality of care guidelines for pregnancy and delivery, including respectful maternity care of pregnant women. To make sure these procedures are enforced, measurable benchmarks for maternity care need to be established, and hospitals need to be regularly monitored to make sure they are achieved. Quality of care and compassionate and caring staff may lead to successful and sustainable use of facility care.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lusambili, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naanyu, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wade, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mossman, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulama, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyaga, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obure, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngetich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Temmerman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/586693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deliver on Your Own: Disrespectful Maternity Care in rural Kenya]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587360v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell BLAST: Searching large-scale scRNA-seq database via unbiased cell embedding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/587360v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An effective and efficient cell-querying method is critical for integrating existing scRNA-seq data and annotating new data. Herein, we present Cell BLAST, an accurate and robust cell-querying method. Powered by a well-curated reference database and a user-friendly Web server, Cell BLAST (http://cblast.gao-lab.org) provides a one-stop solution for real-world scRNA-seq cell querying and annotation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/587360</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell BLAST: Searching large-scale scRNA-seq database via unbiased cell embedding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TDP-43 proteinopathy impairs neuronal mRNP granule mediated postsynaptic local translation and mRNA metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/589416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Local protein synthesis and mRNA metabolism mediated by mRNP granules in the dendrites and the postsynaptic compartments is essential for synaptic remodelling and plasticity in the neuronal cells. Misregulation in these processes caused by TDP-43 proteinopathy lead to neurodegenerative diseases such frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Using biochemical analysis and imaging techniques including super-resolution microscopy, we provide evidences for the first time of the postsynaptic localization of TDP-43 in the mammalian synapses; and we show TDP-43 as a component of neuronal mRNP granules. With activity stimulation and different molecular approaches, we further demonstrate activity-dependent mRNP granule dynamics involving disassembly of mRNP granules, release of mRNAs, and activation of local protein translation as long as impairments in models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. This study elucidates the interplay between TDP-43 and neuronal mRNP granules in normal physiology and TDP-43 proteinopathy in regulation of local protein translation and mRNA metabolism in the postsynaptic compartment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/589416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TDP-43 proteinopathy impairs neuronal mRNP granule mediated postsynaptic local translation and mRNA metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CoBATCH for high-throughput single-cell epigenomic profiling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/590661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An efficient, generalizable method for genome-wide mapping of single-cell histone modifications or chromatin-binding proteins is so far lacking. Here we develop CoBATCH, combinatorial barcoding and targeted chromatin release, for single-cell profiling of genomic distribution of chromatin-binding proteins in cell culture and tissue. Protein A in fusion to Tn5 transposase is enriched through specific antibodies to genomic regions and Tn5 generates indexed chromatin fragments ready for the library preparation and sequencing. Importantly, through a combinatorial barcoding strategy, we are able to measure epigenomic features up to tens of thousands single cells per experiment. CoBATCH produces not only high signal-to-noise features, but also ~10,000 reads per cells, allowing for efficiently deciphering epigenetic heterogeneity of cell populations and subtypes and inferring developmental histories. Thus, obviating specialized device, CoBATCH is easily deployable for any laboratories in life science and medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xioong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/590661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CoBATCH for high-throughput single-cell epigenomic profiling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/601849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin-lamin B1 interaction promotes genomic compartmentalization and constrains chromatin dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/601849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The eukaryotic genome is folded into higher-order conformation accompanied with constrained dynamics for coordinated genome functions. However, the molecular machinery underlying these hierarchically organized chromatin architecture and dynamics remains poorly understood. Here by combining imaging and Hi-C sequencing, we studied the role of lamin B1 in chromatin architecture and dynamics. We found that lamin B1 depletion leads to chromatin redistribution and decompaction. Consequently, the inter-chromosomal interactions and overlap between chromosome territories are increased. Moreover, Hi-C data revealed that lamin B1 is required for the integrity and segregation of chromatin compartments but not for the topologically associating domains (TADs). We further proved that depletion of lamin B1 leads to increased chromatin dynamics, owing to chromatin decompaction and redistribution toward nuclear interior. Taken together, our data suggest that chromatin-lamin B1 interactions promote chromosomal territory segregation and genomic compartmentalization, and confine chromatin dynamics, supporting its crucial role in chromatin higher-order structure and dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/601849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin-lamin B1 interaction promotes genomic compartmentalization and constrains chromatin dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in the Southern Region, Saudi Arabia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/603902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HCV genotypes in the Southern Region, Saudi Arabia.nnMaterials & methodsA total of 76 HCV-positive individuals were selected for this study, including 34 males and 42 females, both acute and chronic patients. All HCV isolates were genotyped by direct sequencing of the 5UTR region. The Chemistry profile, viral load and history of blood transfusion were collected from the hospital record.nnResultsThe most common genotype was gt 4 (48.7%) followed by gt 1 (34.2%) and gt 3 (14.5%). Genotype 2 (2.6%) was only found in elderly male individuals. Patients with history of blood transfusion showed a high percentage of genotype 1 compared to the total number of all patients with genotype 1 (23% and 11% respectively). Biochemical assay showed high level of ALT particularly in genotype 4. No significant relationship was observed between HCV genotype and AST level between genotypes. The viral load was higher in HCV patients received blood transfusion than other genotypes.nnConclusionThe prevalence of genotypes in this study confirmed the observation of other investigations, but no link was found between sex and genotype. There might be an association between blood donation in the past and infections with genotype 1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alkahtani, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsultan, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakami, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alamri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/603902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes in the Southern Region, Saudi Arabia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604702v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sustained visual priming effects can emerge from attentional oscillation and temporal expectation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/604702v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Priming refers to the influence that a previously encountered object exerts on future responses to similar objects. For many years, visual priming has been known as a facilitation and sometimes an inhibition effect that lasts for an extended period of time. It contrasts with the recent finding of an oscillated priming effect where facilitation and inhibition alternate over time periodically. Here we developed a computational model of visual priming that combines rhythmic sampling of the environment (attentional oscillation) with active preparation for future events (temporal expectation). Counterintuitively, it shows both the sustained and oscillated priming effects can emerge from an interaction between attentional oscillation and temporal expectation. The interaction also leads to novel predictions such as the change of visual priming effects with temporal expectation and attentional oscillation. Reanalysis of two published datasets and the results of two new experiments of visual priming tasks with male and female human participants provide support for the models relevance to human behavior. More generally, our model offers a new perspective that may unify the increasing findings of behavioral and neural oscillations with the classic findings in visual perception and attention.

Significance StatementThere is increasing behavioral and neural evidence that visual attention is a periodic process that sequentially samples different alternatives in the theta frequency range. It contrasts with the classic findings of sustained facilitatory or inhibitory attention effects. How can an oscillatory perceptual process give rise to sustained attention effects? Here we make this connection by proposing a computational model for a "fruit fly" visual priming task and showing both the sustained and oscillated priming effects can have the same origin: an interaction between rhythmic sampling of the environment and active preparation for future events. One unique contribution of our model is to predict how temporal contexts affects priming. It also opens up the possibility of reinterpreting other attention-related classic phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/604702</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sustained visual priming effects can emerge from attentional oscillation and temporal expectation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Leveraging Endogenous ADAR for Programmable Editing on RNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/605972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleic acid editing carries enormous potential for biological research and the development of therapeutics. Current tools for DNA or RNA editing rely on introducing exogenous proteins into living organisms, which is subject to potential risks or technical barriers due to possible aberrant effector activity, delivery limits and immunogenicity. Here, we report a programmable approach that employs a short RNA to leverage endogenous ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA) proteins for targeted RNA editing. We engineered an RNA that is partially complementary to the target transcript to recruit native ADAR1 or ADAR2 to change adenosine to inosine at a specific site. We designated this new method as LEAPER (Leveraging Endogenous ADAR for Programmable Editing on RNA) and the ADAR-recruiting RNA as arRNA. arRNA, either expressed from plasmid or viral vector, or synthesized as an oligonucleotide, could achieve desirable editing. LEAPER has a manageable off-target rate on the targeted transcripts and rare global off-targets. We demonstrated that LEAPER could restore p53 function by repairing a specific cancer-relevant point mutation. Moreover, LEAPER could apply to a broad spectrum of cell types including multiple human primary cells, and it restored the -L-iduronidase catalytic activity in Hurler syndrome patient-derived primary fibroblasts without evoking innate immune responses. As a single molecule system akin to RNAi, LEAPER enables precise and efficient RNA editing, offering the transformative potential for basic research and therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/605972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Leveraging Endogenous ADAR for Programmable Editing on RNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607838v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Escherichia coli’s physiology can turn membrane voltage dyes into actuators 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/607838v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The electrical membrane potential (Vm) is one of the components of the electrochemical potential of protons across the biological membrane (proton motive force), which powers many vital cellular processes, and Vm also plays a role in signal transduction. Therefore, measuring it is of great interest, and over the years a variety of techniques has been developed for the purpose. In bacteria, given their small size, Nernstian membrane voltage probes are arguably the favourite strategy, and their cytoplasmic accumulation depends on Vm according to the Nernst equation. However, a careful calibration of Nernstian probes that takes into account the trade-offs between the ease with which the signal from the dye is observed, and the dyes interactions with cellular physiology, is rarely performed. Here we use a mathematical model to understand such trade-offs and, based on the knowledge gained, propose a general work-flow for the characterization of Nernstian dye candidates. We demonstrate the work-flow on the Thioflavin T dye in Escherichia coli, and identify conditions in which the dye turns from a Vm probe into an actuator.nnSIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTnnThe phospholipid bilayer of a biological membrane is virtually impermeable to charged molecules. Much like in a rechargeable battery, cells harness this property to store an electrical potential that fuels life reactions but also transduces signals. Measuring this electrical potential, also referred to as membrane voltage, is therefore of great interest and a variety of techniques have been employed for the purpose, starting as early as the 1930s. For the case of bacteria, which are smaller in size and possess a stiffer cell wall, arguably the most popular approach to measuring membrane voltage are Nernstian probes that accumulate across the bacterial membrane according to the Nernst potential. The present study characterizes the undesired effects Nernstian probes can have on cell physiology, which can be crucial for the accurate interpretation of experimental results. Using mathematical modelling and experiments, the study provides a general, simple workflow to characterise and minimise these effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mancini, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terradot, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilizota, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/607838</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Escherichia coli’s physiology can turn membrane voltage dyes into actuators]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/610857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylo-comparative analyses reveal the dual role of drift and selection in reproductive character displacement. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/610857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
When incipient species meet in secondary contact, natural selection can rapidly reduce costly reproductive interactions by directly targeting reproductive traits. This process, called reproductive character displacement (RCD), leaves a characteristic pattern of geographic variation where divergence of traits between species is greater in sympatry than allopatry. However, because other forces can also cause similar patterns, care must be given in separating pattern from process. Here we show how the phylo-comparative method together with genomic data can be used to evaluate evolutionary processes at the population level in closely related species. Using this framework, we test the role of RCD in speciation of two cricket species endemic to Anatolian mountains by quantifying patterns of character displacement, rates of evolution and adaptive divergence. Our results show differing patterns of character displacement between species for reproductive vs. non-reproductive characters and strong patterns of asymmetric divergence. We demonstrate diversification results from rapid divergence of reproductive traits towards multiple optima under the dual influence of strong drift and selection. These results present the first solid evidence for RCD in Anatolian mountains, quantify the amount of drift and selection necessary for RCD to lead to speciation, and demonstrate the utility of phylo-comparative methods for quantifying evolutionary parameters at the population level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saglam, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Rourke, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caglar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/610857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylo-comparative analyses reveal the dual role of drift and selection in reproductive character displacement.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614412v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor Enables Real-time Detection of the Intracellular GTP:GDP Ratio 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/614412v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interconversion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and guanosine diphosphate (GDP) is integral to a wide variety of biological cellular activities. However, analytical methods which directly detect the ratio of intracellular GTP and GDP concentrations have not been available. Herein, we report GNEPS, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor that enables real-time monitoring of the GTP:GDP ratio, which is a fusion protein comprising a eukaryotic G-protein and a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein. GNEPS has distinct fluorescence spectra between its GTP-bound and GDP-bound states. Its apparent fluorescence signal therefore depends upon the competitive binding of GTP and GDP. Live cell imaging experiments demonstrated that GNEPS can be used to monitor spatiotemporal changes in the intracellular GTP:GDP ratio in various cell types and organelles in response to metabolic perturbations. We anticipate that GNEPS will become a valuable tool for understanding the metabolic and regulatory contributions of guanosine nucleotides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/614412</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Sensor Enables Real-time Detection of the Intracellular GTP:GDP Ratio]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct Comparative Analysis of 10X Genomics Chromium and Smart-seq2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/615013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used for profiling transcriptomes of individual cells. The droplet-based 10X Genomics Chromium (10X) approach and the plate-based Smart-seq2 full-length method are two frequently-used scRNA-seq platforms, yet there are only a few thorough and systematic comparisons of their advantages and limitations. Here, by directly comparing the scRNA-seq data by the two platforms from the same samples of CD45-cells, we systematically evaluated their features using a wide spectrum of analysis. Smart-seq2 detected more genes in a cell, especially low abundance transcripts as well as alternatively spliced transcripts, but captured higher proportion of mitochondrial genes. The composite of Smart-seq2 data also resembled bulk RNA-seq data better. For 10X-based data, we observed higher noise for mRNA in the low expression level. Despite the poly(A) enrichment, approximately 10-30% of all detected transcripts by both platforms were from non-coding genes, with lncRNA accounting for a higher proportion in 10X. 10X-based data displayed more severe dropout problem, especially for genes with lower expression levels. However, 10X-data can better detect rare cell types given its ability to cover a large number of cells. In addition, each platform detected different sets of differentially expressed genes between cell clusters, indicating the complementary nature of these technologies. Our comprehensive benchmark analysis offers the basis for selecting the optimal scRNA-seq strategy based on the objectives of each study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/615013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct Comparative Analysis of 10X Genomics Chromium and Smart-seq2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/617506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepInterface: Protein-protein interface validation using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/617506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationProtein-protein interactions are crucial in almost all biological processes. Proteins interact through their interfaces. It is important to determine how proteins interact through interfaces to understand protein binding mechanisms and to predict new protein-protein interactions.nnResultsWe present DeepInterface, a deep learning based method which predicts, for a given protein complex, if the interface between the proteins of a complex is a true interface or not. The model is a 3-dimensional convolutional neural networks model and the positive datasets are obtained from all complexes in the Protein Data Bank, the negative datasets are the incorrect solutions of the docking decoys. The model analyzes a given interface structure and outputs the probability of the given structure being an interface. The accuracy of the model for several interface data sets, including PIFACE, PPI4DOCK, DOCKGROUND is approximately 88% in the validation dataset and 75% in the test dataset. The method can be used to improve the accuracy of template based PPI predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balci, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gumeli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hakouz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuret, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/617506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepInterface: Protein-protein interface validation using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The neural basis for response latency in a sensory-motor behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We seek a neural circuit explanation for sensory-motor reaction times. We have found evidence that two of three possible mechanisms could contribute to reaction times in smooth pursuit eye movements. In the smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields (FEFSEM), an area that causally affects the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movement, neural and behavioral latencies have significant trial-by-trial correlations that can account for 40% to 100% of the variation in behavioral latency. The amplitude of preparatory activity, which represents the motor systems expectations for target motion, shows negative trial-by-trial correlations with behavioral latency and could contribute to the neural computation of reaction time. In contrast, the traditional "ramp-to-threshold" model is contradicted by the responses of many, but not all FEFSEM neurons. As evidence of neural processing that determines reaction time, the local field potential in FEFSEM includes a brief wave in the 5-15 Hz frequency range that precedes pursuit initiation and whose phase is correlated with the latency of pursuit in individual trials. We suggest that the latency of the incoming visual motion signals combines with the state of preparatory activity to determine the latency of the transient response that drives eye movement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darlington, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lisberger, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/623256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The neural basis for response latency in a sensory-motor behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Contrasting biogeographic patterns of bacterial and archaeal diversity in the top- and subsoils of temperate grasslands 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/623264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biogeographic patterns and drivers of soil microbial diversity have been extensively studied in the past few decades. However, most research has focused on the topsoil while the subsoil is assumed to have similar microbial diversity patterns as the topsoil. Here we compare patterns and drivers of microbial diversity in the top- (0-10 cm) versus subsoils (30-50 cm) of temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia of China along an aridity gradient covering a ~1500-km transect from arid to mesic ecosystems. Counter to the conventional assumption, we find contrasting biogeographic patterns of diversity and influencing factors for different bacterial and archaeal groups and between depths. While bacterial diversity increases with increasing aridity, archaeal diversity decreases. Microbial diversity in the topsoil is most strongly influenced by aboveground vegetation, but is most strongly influenced by historical temperature anomaly since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the subsoil. Moreover, the biogeographic patterns of top-subsoil diversity difference varies for different microbial groups and is overall most strongly influenced by soil fertility difference between depths and historical temperature anomaly. These findings suggest that diversity patterns observed in the topsoil may not be readily applied to the subsoil horizons. For the subsoil in particular, historical climate plays a vital role in the distribution of various microbial groups. Overall, our study provides novel information for understanding and predicting soil microbial diversity patterns at depth.nnIMPORTANCEExploring the biogeographic patterns of soil microbial diversity is critical for understanding mechanisms underlying the response of soil processes to climate change. Using top- and subsoils from a ~1500-km temperature grassland transect, we find divergent patterns of microbial diversity and its determinants in the top-versus subsoils. Furthermore, we find important legacy effect of historical climate change on the microbial diversity of subsoil but not topsoil. Our findings challenge the conventional assumption of similar geographic patterns of soil microbial diversity along soil profiles and help to improve our understanding of how soil microbial communities may respond to future climate change in different regions with varied climate history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimitrov, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/623264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Contrasting biogeographic patterns of bacterial and archaeal diversity in the top- and subsoils of temperate grasslands]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631416v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular precision of orientation and spatial frequency maps in macaque V1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631416v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Functional organization of neuronal response properties along the surface of the neocortex is a fundamental guiding principle of neural computation in the brain. Despite this importance, the cellular precision of functional maps is still largely unknown. We address the challenge by using two-photon calcium imaging to measure cell-specific orientation and spatial frequency (SF) responses across fields of macaque V1 superficial layers. The cellular orientation maps confirm iso-orientation domains, but rarely show pinwheels. Pinwheels obtained through conventional Gaussian smoothing and vector summation of orientation responses mostly overlap with blood vessel regions, suggesting false singularities. Cellular SF maps clarify existing controversies by showing weak iso-frequency clusters, which also suggests a weak geometric relationship between orientation and SF maps. Most neurons are tuned to medium frequencies, but the tuning functions are often asymmetric with a wider low- or high-frequency branch, which may help encode low or high SF information for later decoding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, N.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/631416</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular precision of orientation and spatial frequency maps in macaque V1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Manipulating serial replay during memory retention rapidly alters human sequence memory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/631531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temporarily storing a list of items in working memory (WM), a fundamental ability in cognition, has been posited to rely on the temporal dynamics of multi-item neural representations during retention. Here, we develop a "dynamic perturbation" approach to manipulate the relative memory strength of a list of WM items, by interfering with their neural dynamics during the delay period in a temporally correlated way. Six experiments on human subjects confirm the effectiveness of this WM manipulation method. A computational model combining continuous attractor neural network (CANN) and short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) principles further reproduces all the empirical findings. The model shows that the "dynamic perturbation" modifies the synaptic efficacies of WM items through STP principles, eventually leading to changes in their relative memory strengths. Our results support the causal role of temporal dynamics of neural network in mediating multi-item WM and offer a promising, non-invasive approach to manipulate WM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/631531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Manipulating serial replay during memory retention rapidly alters human sequence memory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Landscape and regulation of m6A and m6Am methylome across human and mouse tissues 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/632000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal mRNA modification, and N6,2-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), found at the first-transcribed nucleotide, are two examples of dynamic and reversible epitranscriptomic marks. However, the profiles and distribution patterns of m6A and m6Am across different human and mouse tissues are poorly characterized. Here we report the m6A and m6Am methylome through an extensive profiling of 42 human tissues and 16 mouse tissue samples. Globally, the m6A and m6Am peaks in non-brain tissues demonstrates mild tissue-specificity but are correlated in general, whereas the m6A and m6Am methylomes of brain tissues are clearly resolved from the non-brain tissues. Nevertheless, we identified a small subset of tissue-specific m6A peaks that can readily classify the tissue types. The number of m6A and m6Am peaks are partially correlated with the expression levels of their writers and erasers. In addition, the m6A- and m6Am-containing regions are enriched for single nucleotide polymorphisms. Furthermore, cross-species analysis of m6A and m6Am methylomes revealed that species, rather than tissue types, is the primary determinant of methylation. Collectively, our study provides an in-depth resource for dissecting the landscape and regulation of the m6A and m6Am epitranscriptomic marks across mammalian tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/632000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Landscape and regulation of m6A and m6Am methylome across human and mouse tissues]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/633446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MRGPRX4 is a novel bile acid receptor in cholestatic itch 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/633446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with liver diseases often suffer from chronic itch or pruritus, yet the itch-causing pruritogen(s) and their cognate receptor(s) remain largely elusive. Using transcriptomics and GPCR activation assays, we found that an orphan, primate specific MRGPRX4 is expressed in human dorsal root ganglia (hDRG) and selectively activated by bile acids. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that MRGPRX4 is expressed in [~]7% of hDRG neurons and co-localizes with HRH1, a known itch-inducing GPCR. Bile acids elicited a robust Ca2+ response in a subset of cultured hDRG neurons, and intradermal injection of bile acids and an MRGPRX4 specific agonist induced significant itch in healthy human subjects. Surprisingly, application of agonist for TGR5, a known sequence conserved bile acid receptor previously implicated in cholestatic itch, failed to elicit Ca2+ response in cultured hDRG neurons, nor did it induce pruritus in human subjects. In situ hybridization and immunostaining results revealed that hTGR5 is selectively expressed in satellite glial cells, unlike mTGR5 (in mouse DRG neurons), likely accounting for the inter-species difference functionally. Finally, we found that patients with cholestatic itch have significantly higher plasma bile acid levels compared to non-itchy patients and the bile acid levels significantly decreased after itch relief. This elevated bile acid level in itchy patients is sufficient to activate MRGPRX4. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that MRGPRX4 is a novel bile acid receptor that likely underlies cholestatic itch, providing a promising new drug target for anti-itch therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/633446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MRGPRX4 is a novel bile acid receptor in cholestatic itch]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634626v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Girdin: an essential component of pre-replicative complex in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/634626v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central event in the initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is the assembly of pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) on specific chromatin sites known as DNA replication origins. The pre-RC assembly process differs between budding and fission yeasts. In fission yeast, Sap1 directly participates in pre-RC assembly, together with the four initiation factors: ORC, Cdc18/Cdc6, Cdt1, and MCM. In metazoans, the nature of DNA replication origins is not defined and the mechanism of pre-RC assembly remains incompletely known. In this study, Girdin was identified as an essential replication initiation factor in human cells. Similar to the activity of Sap1, human Girdin binds to DNA origins, interacts with ORC, and is required for pre-RC assembly due to its essential role in recruitment of Cdc6 to DNA origins. Thus, DNA origins in human or metazoans are defined as including two elements, one bound by ORC and the other bound by Girdin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/634626</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Girdin: an essential component of pre-replicative complex in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/636738v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-learning enables proteome-scale identification of phase-separated protein candidates from immunofluorescence images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/636738v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered region (IDR) analysis has been widely used in the screening of phase-separated proteins. However, the precise sequences determining phase separation remain unclear. Furthermore, a large number of phase-separated proteins that exhibit relatively low IDR content remain uncharacterized. Phase-separated proteins appear as spherical droplet structures in immunofluorescence (IF) images, which renders them distinguishable from non-phase-separated proteins. Here, we transformed the problem of phase-separated protein recognition into a binary classification problem of image recognition. In addition, we established a method named IDeepPhase to identify IF images with spherical droplet structures based on convolutional neural networks. Using IDeepPhase on proteome-scale IF images from the Human Protein Atlas database, we generated a comprehensive list of phase-separated candidates which displayed spherical droplet structures in IF images, allowing nomination of proteins, antibodies and cell lines for subsequent phase separation study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/636738</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-learning enables proteome-scale identification of phase-separated protein candidates from immunofluorescence images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/640268v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast, Accurate Polarization and Polarity Imaging withPolarized Structured Illumination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/640268v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The orientation and wobbling behavior of the fluorescent dipoles are of great significance in revealing the structure and state of cells. Due to the poor optical sectioning capability of wide-field microscopy, the polarization modulation signals are susceptible to the neighboring fluorophores. The missing cone of wide field optical transfer function induces vast out-of-focus background, resulting in biased polarization orientation and decrease polarization factor. Here, we apply polarized structured illumination to achieve polarization modulation imaging with optical sectioning, and simultaneously measure the lipid polarity with two-color ratiometric imaging. Our results demonstrate a significant increase in measurement accuracy of not only the dipole orientations but also the wobbling behavior of the ensemble dipole. Compared to the conventional confocal polarization imaging, our method obtains an order-of-magnitude faster imaging speed, capturing the fast dynamics of subcellular structures in live cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhanghao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/640268</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast, Accurate Polarization and Polarity Imaging withPolarized Structured Illumination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645358v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SciBet: An ultra-fast classifier for cell type identification using single cell RNA sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/645358v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fast, robust and technology-independent computational methods are needed for supervised cell type annotation of single-cell RNA sequencing data. We present SciBet, a Bayesian classifier that accurately predicts cell identity for newly sequenced cells or cell clusters. We enable web client deployment of SciBet for rapid local computation without uploading local data to the server. This user-friendly and cross-platform tool can be widely useful for single cell type identification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/645358</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SciBet: An ultra-fast classifier for cell type identification using single cell RNA sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitochondrial dynamics quantitatively revealed by STED nanoscopy with an enhanced squaraine variant probe 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/646117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria play a critical role in generating energy to support the entire lifecycle of biological cells, yet it is still unclear how their morphological structures evolve to regulate their functionality. Conventional fluorescence microscopy can only provide [~]300 nm resolution, which is insufficient to visualize mitochondrial cristae. Here, we developed an enhanced squaraine variant dye (MitoESq-635) to study the dynamic structures of mitochondrial cristae in live cells at superresolution. The low saturation intensity and high photostability make it ideal for long-term, high-resolution STED nanoscopy. We demonstrate the time-lapsed imaging of the mitochondrial inner membrane over 50 minutes in living HeLa cells at 35.2 nm resolution for the first time. The forms of the cristae during mitochondrial fusion and fission can be clearly resolved. Our study demonstrates the emerging capability of optical STED nanoscopy to investigate intracellular physiological processes at nanoscale resolution for long periods of time with minimal phototoxicity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/646117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial dynamics quantitatively revealed by STED nanoscopy with an enhanced squaraine variant probe]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparison of Escherichia coli surface attachment methods for single-cell, in vivo microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/648840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
For in vivo, single-cell imaging bacterial cells are commonly immobilised via physical confinement or surface attachment. Different surface attachment methods have been used both for atomic force and optical microscopy (including super resolution), and some have been reported to affect bacterial physiology. However, a systematic comparison of the effects these attachment methods have on the bacterial physiology is lacking. Here we present such a comparison for bacterium Escherichia coli, and assess the growth rate, size and intracellular pH of cells growing attached to different, commonly used, surfaces. We demonstrate that E. coli grow at the same rate, length and internal pH on all the tested surfaces when in the same growth medium. The result suggests that tested attachment methods can be used interchangeably when studying E. coli physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krasnopeeva, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pilizota, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/648840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparison of Escherichia coli surface attachment methods for single-cell, in vivo microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparative assessment of aging-related NADPH diaphorase positivity in the spinal cord and medullary oblongata between pigeon and murine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/650457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NADPH diaphorase (N-d) positive neurons has been examined in many animals. N-d neurodegenerative neurites were detected in some animal models. However, detailed information of N-d positivity and aging related changes was still lack in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of pigeons. In this study, we evaluated the N-d positivity and aging alterations in the spinal cord and medullary oblongata of the pigeon compared with rat and mouse. In pigeons, N-d neurons were more numerous in the dorsal horn, around the central canal and in the column of Terni in the thoracic and lumbar segments and scattered neurons occurred in the ventral horn of spinal segments. N-d neurons also occurred in the white matter of spinal cord. Morphometrical analysis demonstrated in the lumbosacral, cervical and thoracic regions. Compared with young pigeons, the size of N-d soma was significantly altered in aged pigeons. Meanwhile, the dramatic morphological changes occurred in the lumbar to sacral segments. The most important findings of this study were aging-related N-d positive bodies (ANB) in aged pigeons, mainly in the nucleus cuneatus externus (CuE), occasionally in the nuclei gracilis et cuneatus. ANBs were identified in the gracile nuclei in spinal cord in the aged rats and mice. ANBs were also detected in the CuE spinal nucleus in the aged rats. Immunohistochemistry also showed that the aging changes occurred in the cell types and neuropeptides in aged animals. The results suggested the weak inflammation and neuronal dysfunction in the spinal cord in aged pigeons. Our results suggested that the ANB could be considered as aging marker in the central nervous system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/650457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparative assessment of aging-related NADPH diaphorase positivity in the spinal cord and medullary oblongata between pigeon and murine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651273v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NEUROD2 represses Reelin expression and controls dendrite orientation during cortical radial migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/651273v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Excitatory neurons of the mammalian cerebral cortex are organized into six functional layers characterized by unique patterns of connectivity, as well as distinctive physiological and morphological properties. Cortical layers appear after a highly regulated migration process in which cells move from the deeper, proliferative zone toward the superficial layers. Importantly, defects in this radial migration process have been implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases. Here we report that during the final stages of migration, transcription factor Neurogenic Differentiation 2 (Neurod2) contributes to terminal cellular localization within the cortical plate. In mice, in utero knockdown of Neurod2 results in reduced numbers of neurons localized to the uppermost region of the developing cortex, also termed the primitive cortical zone. Our ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses of genes regulated by NEUROD2 in the developing cortex identify a number of key target genes with known roles in Reelin signaling, a critical regulator of neuronal migration. Our focused analysis of regulation of the Reln gene, encoding the extracellular ligand REELIN, uncovers NEUROD2 binding to conserved E-box elements in multiple introns. Furthermore, we demonstrate that knockdown of NEUROD2 in primary cortical neurons results in a strong increase in Reln gene expression at the mRNA level, as well as a slight upregulation at the protein level. These data reveal a new role for NEUROD2 during the late stages of neuronal migration, and our analysis of its genomic targets offer new genes with potential roles in cortical lamination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guzelsoy, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkaya, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kabakcioglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince-Dunn, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/651273</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NEUROD2 represses Reelin expression and controls dendrite orientation during cortical radial migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the impact of biomass composition in constraint-based flux analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/652040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The biomass equation is a critical component in genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs): it is used as the de facto objective function in flux balance analysis (FBA). This equation accounts for the quantities of all known biomass precursors that are required for cell growth based on the macromolecular and monomer compositions measured at certain conditions. However, it is often reported that the macromolecular composition of cells could change across different environmental conditions; the use of the same single biomass equation in FBA, under multiple conditions, is questionable. Thus, we first investigated the qualitative and quantitative variations of macromolecular compositions of three representative host organisms, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cricetulus griseus, across different environmental/genetic variations. While macromolecular building blocks such as DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid composition vary notably, variations in fundamental biomass monomer units such as nucleotides and amino acids are not appreciable. We further observed that while macromolecular compositions are similar across taxonomically closer species, certain monomers, especially fatty acids, vary substantially. Based on the analysis results, we subsequently propose a new extension to FBA, named "Flux Balance Analysis with Ensemble Biomass (FBAwEB)", to embrace the natural variation in selected components of the biomass equation. The current study clearly highlights that certain components of the biomass equation are very sensitive to different conditions, and the ensemble representation of biomass equation in the FBA framework enables us to account for such natural variations accurately during GEM-guided in silico simulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ang, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/652040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the impact of biomass composition in constraint-based flux analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655043v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear actin regulates inducible transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase II clustering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/655043v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression in response to external stimuli underlies a variety of fundamental cellular processes. However, how the transcription machinery is regulated under these scenarios is largely unknown. Here, we discover a novel role of nuclear actin in inducible transcriptional regulation using next-generation transcriptome sequencing and super-resolution microscopy. The RNA-seq data reveal that nuclear actin is required for the establishment of the serum-induced transcriptional program. Using super-resolution imaging, we found a remarkable enhancement of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) clustering upon serum stimulation and this enhancement requires the presence of nuclear actin. To study the molecular mechanisms, we firstly observed that Pol II clusters co-localized with the serum-response genes and nuclear actin polymerized in adjacent to Pol II clusters upon serum stimulation. Furthermore, N-WASP and Arp2/3 are reported to interact with Pol II, and we demonstrated N-WASP is required for serum-enhanced Pol II clustering. Importantly, using an optogenetic tool, we revealed that N-WASP phase-separated with the carboxy-terminal domain of Pol II and nuclear actin. In addition to serum stimulation, we found nuclear actin also essential in enhancing Pol II clustering upon interferon-{gamma} treatment. Taken together, our work unveils nuclear actin promotes the formation of transcription factory on inducible genes, acting as a general mechanism underlying the rapid response to environmental cues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/655043</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear actin regulates inducible transcription by enhancing RNA polymerase II clustering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657932v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microstructural plasticity in the bilingual brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/657932v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain has been uniquely equipped with the remarkable ability to acquire more than one language, as in bilingual individuals. Previous neuroimaging studies have indicated that learning a second language (L2) induced neuroplasticity at the macrostructural level. In this study, using the quantitative MRI (qMRI) combined with functional MRI (fMRI) techniques, we quantified the microstructural properties and tested whether second language learning modulates the microstructure in the bilingual brain. We found significant microstructural variations related to age of acquisition of second language in the left inferior frontal region and the left fusiform gyrus that are crucial for resolving lexical competition of bilinguals two languages. Early second language acquisition contributes to enhance cortical development at the microstructural level.nnSignificant statementThe ability to communicate in two languages is becoming more and more important in the increasingly global community. Does learning a second language (L2) affect the human brain development? At the macrostructural level, there has been neuroimaging evidence revealing neuroplasticity induced by the acquisition of L2. Here, we employed the quantitative MRI technique to investigate the microstructural variations related to L2 learning, and found that age of acquisition of L2, but not its proficiency, is associated with cortical proliferation. Early second language acquisition seems to enhance cortical development at the microstructural level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwok, V. P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/657932</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microstructural plasticity in the bilingual brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Caenorhabditis elegans Exhibits Positive Gravitaxis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether or not the micro swimmer Caenorhabditis elegans senses and respond to gravity is unknown. We find that C. elegans aligns its swimming direction with that of the gravity vector (positive gravitaxis). When placed in an aqueous solution that is denser than the animals, they still orient downwards, indicating that non-uniform mass distribution and/or hydrodynamic effects are not responsible for animals downward orientation. Paralyzed worms and worms with globally disrupted sensory cilia do not change orientation as they settle in solution, indicating that gravitaxis is an active behavior that requires gravisensation. Other types of sensory driven orientation behaviors cannot explain our observed downward orientation. Like other neural behaviors, the ability to respond to gravity declines with age. Our study establishes gravitaxis in the micro swimmer C. elegans and suggests that C. elegans can be used as a genetically tractable system to study molecular and neural mechanisms of gravity sensing and orientation.nnSignificance StatementUnderstanding how animals respond to gravity is not only of fundamental scientific interest, but has clinical relevance, given the prevalence of postural instability in aged individuals. Determining whether C. elegans responds to gravity is important for mechanistic studies of gravity sensing in an experimentally tractable animal, for a better understanding of nematode ecology and evolution, and for studying biological effects of microgravity. Our experiments, which indicate that C. elegans senses and responds to gravity, set the stage for mechanistic studies on molecular mechanisms of gravity sensing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, H.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bau, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raizen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Caenorhabditis elegans Exhibits Positive Gravitaxis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expectation pooling: An effective and interpretable pooling method for predicting DNA-protein binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/658427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have outperformed conventional methods in modeling the sequence specificity of DNA-protein binding. While previous studies have built a connection between CNNs and probabilistic models, simple models of CNNs cannot achieve sufficient accuracy on this problem. Recently, some methods of neural networks have increased performance using complex neural networks whose results cannot be directly interpreted. However, it is difficult to combine probabilistic models and CNNs effectively to improve DNA-protein binding predictions.nnResultsIn this paper, we present a novel global pooling method: expectation pooling for predicting DNA-protein binding. Our pooling method stems naturally from the EM algorithm, and its benefits can be interpreted both statistically and via deep learning theory. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our pooling method improves the prediction performance DNA-protein binding. Our interpretable pooling method combines probabilistic ideas with global pooling by taking the expectations of inputs without increasing the number of parameters. We also analyze the hyperparameters in our method and propose optional structures to help fit different datasets. We explore how to effectively utilize these novel pooling methods and show that combining statistical methods with deep learning is highly beneficial, which is promising and meaningful for future studies in this field.nnContactdengmh@pku.edu.cn, gaog@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cnnnSupplementary informationAll code is public in https://github.com/gao-lab/ePooling
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/658427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expectation pooling: An effective and interpretable pooling method for predicting DNA-protein binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662197v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Biomarker discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases using network-based feature selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662197v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reliable identification of inflammatory biomarkers from metagenomics data is a promising direction for developing non-invasive, cost-effective, and rapid clinical tests for early diagnosis of IBD. We present an integrative approach to Network-Based Biomarker Discovery (NBBD) which integrates network analyses methods for prioritizing potential biomarkers and machine learning techniques for assessing the discriminative power of the prioritized biomarkers. Using a large dataset of new-onset pediatric IBD metagenomics biopsy samples, we compare the performance of Random Forest (RF) classifiers trained on features selected using a representative set of traditional feature selection methods against NBBD framework, configured using five different tools for inferring networks from metagenomics data, and nine different methods for prioritizing biomarkers as well as a hybrid approach combining best traditional and NBBD based feature selection. We also examine how the performance of the predictive models for IBD diagnosis varies as a function of the size of the data used for biomarker identification. Our results show that (i) NBBD is competitive with some of the state-of-the-art feature selection methods including Random Forest Feature Importance (RFFI) scores; and (ii) NBBD is especially effective in reliably identifying IBD biomarkers when the number of data samples available for biomarker discovery is small.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matta, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensmail, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obafemi-Ajayi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honavar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>EL-Manzalawy, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/662197</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Biomarker discovery in inflammatory bowel diseases using network-based feature selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The bounded rationality of probability distortion: the bounded log-odds model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/662429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWIn decision-making under risk (DMR) participants choices are based on probability values systematically different from those that are objectively correct. Similar systematic distortions are found in tasks involving relative frequency judgments (JRF). These distortions limit performance in a wide variety of tasks and an evident question is, why do we systematically fail in our use of probability and relative frequency information?

We propose a Bounded Log-Odds Model (BLO) of probability and relative frequency distortion based on three assumptions: (1) log-odds: probability and relative frequency are mapped to an internal log-odds scale, (2) boundedness: the range of representations of probability and relative frequency are bounded and the bounds change dynamically with task, and (3) variance compensation: the mapping compensates in part for uncertainty in probability and relative frequency values.

We compared human performance in both DMR and JRF tasks to the predictions of the BLO model as well as eleven alternative models each missing one or more of the underlying BLO assumptions (factorial model comparison). The BLO model and its assumptions proved to be superior to any of the alternatives. In a separate analysis, we found that BLO accounts for individual participants data better than any previous model in the DMR literature.

We also found that, subject to the boundedness limitation, participants choice of distortion approximately maximized the mutual information between objective task-relevant values and internal values, a form of bounded rationality.

SO_SCPLOWIGNIFICANCEC_SCPLOW SO_SCPLOWTATEMENTC_SCPLOWPeople distort probability in decision under risk and many other tasks. These distortions can be large, leading us to make markedly suboptimal decisions. There is no agreement on why we distort probability. Distortion changes systematically with task, hinting that distortions are dynamic compensations for some intrinsic "bound" on working memory. We first develop a model of the bound and the compensation process and then report an experiment showing that the model accounts for individual human performance in decision under risk and relative frequency judgments. Last, we show that the particular compensation in each experimental condition serve to maximize the mutual information between objective decision variables and their internal representations. We distort probability to compensate for our own working memory limitations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney, L. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/662429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The bounded rationality of probability distortion: the bounded log-odds model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/663310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specialized NADPH diaphorase membrane-related localizations in the brainstem of the pigeons (Columba livia) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/663310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NADPH diaphorase (N-d) is used to a histochemical identification of subgroup of neuronal cells. Beside regular intracellular N-d positivity, membrane-related positivity revealed as a specialized staining pattern in the pigeon brain stem. In the investigation of the nervous system of homing pigeons (Columba livia) with N-d staining, we found a specialized structure, which temporally was termed as N-d tubular glomerular body/structure or as T-J body related to the last name of authors. This N-d positive specialization constituted by tubular components bilaterally located in the medial to the lemniscus spinalis in the medulla oblongata. The tubular components were moderate staining. T-J body was a longitudinal oriented structure of 2400 m with N-d staining. N-d positive tubular components were twisted and intermingled together. Beside the young adult pigeons, T-J body s were also consistently detected in the aged pigeons. Membrane-related staining were also detected in the other rostral nuclei in the brain stem. With discussion and review of related scientific literatures, T-J body was considered as a new anatomical structure or a new feature of the existent nucleus. In summary, beside N-d intracellular distribution, there were other three N-d membrane-related localizations: mini-aggregation, patch-aggregation, and arrangement along tubular unit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/663310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specialized NADPH diaphorase membrane-related localizations in the brainstem of the pigeons (Columba livia)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling microbial diversity with metabolic trade-offs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/664698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes face intense competition in the natural world, and so need to wisely allocate their resources to multiple functions, in particular to metabolism. Understanding competition among metabolic strategies that are subject to trade-offs is therefore crucial for deeper insight into the competition, cooperation, and community assembly of microorganisms. In this work, we evaluate competing metabolic strategies within an ecological context by considering not only how the environment influences cell growth, but also how microbes shape their chemical environment. Utilizing chemostat-based resource-competition models, we exhibit a set of intuitive and general procedures for assessing metabolic strategies. Using this framework, we are able to relate and unify multiple metabolic models, and to demonstrate how the fitness landscape of strategies becomes intrinsically dynamic due to species-environment feedback. Such dynamic fitness landscapes produce rich behaviors, and prove to be crucial for ecological and evolutionary stable coexistence in all the models we examined.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S. H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gitai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingreen, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/664698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling microbial diversity with metabolic trade-offs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672584v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3D observation of large-scale subcellular dynamics in vivo at the millisecond scale 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/672584v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Observing large-scale three-dimensional (3D) subcellular dynamics in vivo at high spatiotemporal resolution has long been a pursuit for biology. However, both the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution degradation in multicellular organisms pose great challenges. Here, we propose a method, termed Digital Adaptive Optics Scanning Lightfield Mutual Iterative Tomography (DAOSLIMIT), featuring both 3D incoherent synthetic aperture and tiled wavefront correction in post-processing. We achieve aberration-free fluorescence imaging in vivo over a 150 x 150 x 16 m3 field-of-view with the spatiotemporal resolution up to 250 nm laterally and 320 nm axially at 100 Hz, corresponding to a huge data throughput of over 15 Giga-voxels per second. Various fast subcellular processes are observed, including mitochondrial dynamics in cultured neurons, membrane dynamics in zebrafish embryos, and calcium propagation in cardiac cells, human cerebral organoids, and Drosophila larval neurons, enabling simultaneous in vivo studies of morphological and functional dynamics in 3D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhanghao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/672584</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3D observation of large-scale subcellular dynamics in vivo at the millisecond scale]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The role of iron uptake systems in the pathogenesis of colistin-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we proposed the hypothesis that hypervirulent colistin resistant K.pneumoniae (ColR-Kp) exhibit high number of virulence factors and have enhanced survival capacity against neutrophil activity.nnWe studied virulence genes of ColR-Kp isolates and neutrophil response in 142 patients with invasive infections.nnThe patients infected with hypervirulent ST101 and ST395 ColR-Kp had higher 30-day mortality (58%, p=0.005 and 75%, p=0.003, respectively. The yersiniabactin biosynthesis gene (ybtS) and ferric uptake operon associated gene (kfu) were significantly higher in ST101 (99%, p=<0.001) and in ST395 (94%, p<0.012). Being in ICU (OR: 7.9; CI: 1.43-55.98; p=0.024), kfu (OR:27.0; CI:5.67-179.65; p<0.001) and ST101 (OR: 17.2; CI: 2.45-350.40; p=0.01) were found to be predictors of 30-day mortality. The uptake of kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp by neutrophils was significantly higher than kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp (78% vs 65%, p<0.001). However, kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp were more resistant to the killing activity of neutrophils than negative ones (7.90 vs 4.22; p=0.001). The kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp stimulated excessive NET formation while the NETs against kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp were weak and rare.nnIron uptake systems enhance successful survival of K.pneumoniae against neutrophil phagocytic defense, and stimulate excessive NET formation. The drugs targeted to iron uptake systems would be a promising approach for treatment of hypervirulent K.pneumoniae infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dogan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vatansever, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atac, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albayrak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karahuseyinoglu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, O. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilicoglu, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demiray, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergonul, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gönen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The role of iron uptake systems in the pathogenesis of colistin-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intramolecular Communication and Allosteric Sites in Enzymes Unraveled by Time-Dependent Linear Response Theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/677617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
It has been an established idea in recent years that protein is a physiochemically connected network. Allostery, understood in this new context, is a manifestation of residue communicating between remote sites in this network, and hence a rising interest to identify functionally relevant communication pathways and the frequent communicators within. However, there have been limited computationally trackable general methods to discover proteins allosteric sites in atomistic resolution with good accuracy. In this study, we devised a time-dependent linear response theory (td-LRT) integrating intrinsic protein dynamics and perturbation forces that excite proteins temporary reconfiguration at the non-equilibrium state, to describe atom-specific time responses as the propagating mechanical signals and discover that the most frequent remote communicators can be important allosteric sites, mutation of which could deteriorate the hydride transfer rate in DHFR by 3 orders. The preferred directionality of the signal propagation can be inferred from the asymmetric connection matrix (CM), where the coupling strength between a pair of residues is suggested by their communication score (CS) in the CM, which is found consistent with experimentally characterized nonadditivity of double mutants. Also, the intramolecular communication centers (ICCs), having high CSs, are found evolutionarily conserved, suggesting their biological importance. We also identify spatially clustered top ICCs as the newly found allosteric site in ATG4B. Among 2016 FDA-approved drugs screened to target the site, two interacting with the site most favorably, confirmed by MD simulations, are found to inhibit ATG4B biochemically and be tumor suppressive in colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines with an observed additive therapeutic effect when co-used with an active-site inhibitor.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang-Chein, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/677617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intramolecular Communication and Allosteric Sites in Enzymes Unraveled by Time-Dependent Linear Response Theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/680199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Object-Based Cognitive Map in the Human Hippocampus and Medial Prefrontal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/680199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A cognitive map, representing an environment around oneself, is necessary for spatial navigation. However, compared with its constituent elements such as individual landmarks, neural substrates of coherent spatial information remain largely unknown. The present study investigated how the brain codes map-like representations in a virtual environment specified by the relative positions of three objects. Representational similarity analysis revealed an object-based spatial representation in the hippocampus (HPC) when participants located themselves within the environment, while the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represented it when they recollected a target objects location relative to their self-body. During recollection, task-dependent functional connectivity increased between the two areas implying exchange of self- and target-location signals between the HPC and mPFC. Together, the coherent cognitive map, which could be formed by objects, may be recruited in the HPC and mPFC for complementary functions during navigation, which may generalize to other aspects of cognition, such as navigating social interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/680199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Object-Based Cognitive Map in the Human Hippocampus and Medial Prefrontal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Ca2+ Permeation Mechanism of the Ryanodine Receptor Revealed by a Multi-Site Ion Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/682328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ryanodine receptors (RyR) are ion channels responsible for the release of Ca2+ from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and play a crucial role in the precise control of Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol. The detailed permeation mechanism of Ca2+ through RyR is still elusive. By using molecular dynamics simulations with a specially designed Ca2+ model, here we show that multiple Ca2+ accumulate in the upper selectivity filter of RyR1, but only one Ca2+ can enter and translocate in the narrow pore at a time. The Ca2+ is nearly fully hydrated during the whole permeation process, with the first solvation shell intact even at the narrowest constrict sites of the selectivity filter and gate. These results present a one-at-a-time permeation pattern for the hydrated ions, which is distinct from the fully/partially dehydrated knock-on permeation in K+ and Na+ channels and uncovers the underlying reason for the high permeability and low selectivity of the RyR channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/682328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Ca2+ Permeation Mechanism of the Ryanodine Receptor Revealed by a Multi-Site Ion Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluation of deep-learning-based lncRNA identification tools 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs, length above 200 nt) exert crucial biological roles and have been implicated in cancers1,2. To characterize newly discovered transcripts, one major issue is to distinguish lncRNAs from mRNAs. Since experimental methods are time-consuming and costly, computational methods are preferred for large-scale lncRNA identification. In a recent study, Amin et al.3 evaluated three deep-learning-based lncRNA identification tools (i.e., lncRNAnet4, LncADeep5, and lncFinder6) and concluded "The LncADeep PR (precision recall) curve is just above the no-skill model and LncADeep showed poor overall performance". This surprising conclusion is based on the authors use of a non-default setting of LncADeep. Actually, LncADeep has two models, one for full-length transcripts, and the other for transcripts including partial-length. Being aware of the difficulty of assembling full-length transcripts from RNA-seq dataset, LncADeeps default model is for transcripts including partial-length. However, according to the results posted on Amin et al.s website, the authors used LncADeep with full-length model, while they claimed to use the default setting of LncADeep, to identify lncRNAs from GENCODE dataset, which is composed of full- and partial-length transcripts. Thus, in their evaluation, the performance of LncADeep was underestimated. In this correspondence, we have tested LncADeeps default setting (i.e., model for transcripts including partial-length) on the datasets used in Amin et al.3, and LncADeep achieved overall the best performance compared with the other tools results reported by Amin et al.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluation of deep-learning-based lncRNA identification tools]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/683730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
People do not only feel guilty for transgressions of social norms/expectations that they are causally responsible for, but they also feel guilty for transgressions committed by those they identify as in-group (i.e., collective or group-based guilt). However, the neurocognitive basis of group-based guilt and its relation to personal guilt are unknown. To address these questions, we combined functional MRI with an interaction-based minimal group paradigm in which participants either directly caused harm to victims (i.e., personal guilt), or observed in-group members cause harm to the victims (i.e., group-based guilt). In three experiments (N = 90), we demonstrated that perceived shared responsibility with in-group members in the transgression predicted behavioral and neural manifestations of group-based guilt. Multivariate pattern analysis of the functional MRI data showed that group-based guilt recruited a similar brain representation in anterior middle cingulate cortex as personal guilt. These results have broaden our understanding of how group membership is integrated into social emotions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalenscher, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/683730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
H3K27me3-rich genomic regions can function as silencers to repress gene expression via chromatin interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/684712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene repression and silencers are poorly understood. We reasoned that H3K27me3-rich regions (MRRs) of the genome defined from clusters of H3K27me3 peaks may be used to identify silencers that can regulate gene expression via proximity or looping. MRRs were associated with chromatin interactions and interact preferentially with each other. MRR component removal at interaction anchors by CRISPR led to upregulation of interacting target genes, altered H3K27me3 and H3K27ac levels at interacting regions, and altered chromatin interactions. Chromatin interactions did not change at regions with high H3K27me3, but regions with low H3K27me3 and high H3K27ac levels showed changes in chromatin interactions. The MRR knockout cells also showed changes in phenotype associated with cell identity, and altered xenograft tumor growth. MRR-associated genes and long-range chromatin interactions were susceptible to H3K27me3 depletion. Our results characterized H3K27me3-rich regions and their mechanisms of functioning via looping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tng, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raju, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manikandan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tergaonkar, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tucker-Kellogg, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fullwood, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-06-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/684712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[H3K27me3-rich genomic regions can function as silencers to repress gene expression via chromatin interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-06-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688804v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting long-term Type 2 Diabetes with Support Vector Machine using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/688804v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetes is a large healthcare burden worldwide. There is substantial evidence that lifestyle modifications and drug intervention can prevent diabetes, therefore, an early identification of high risk individuals is important to design targeted prevention strategies. In this paper, we present an automatic tool that uses machine learning techniques to predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data generated from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to develop a predictive model based on the support vector machine (SVM). We trained and validated the models using the OGTT and demographic data of 1,492 healthy individuals collected during the San Antonio Heart Study. This study collected plasma glucose and insulin concentrations before glucose intake and at three time-points thereafter (30, 60 and 120 min). Furthermore, personal information such as age, ethnicity and body-mass index was also a part of the dataset. Using 11 oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements, we have deduced 61 features, which are then assigned a rank and the top ten features are shortlisted using Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance feature selection algorithm. All possible combinations of the 10 best ranked features were used to generate SVM based prediction models. This research shows that an individuals plasma glucose levels, and the information derived therefrom have the strongest predictive performance for the future development of T2DM. Significantly, insulin and demographic features do not provide additional performance improvement for diabetes prediction. The results of this work identify the parsimonious clinical data needed to be collected for an efficient prediction of T2DM. Our approach shows an average accuracy of 96.80 % and a sensitivity of 80.09 % obtained on a holdout set.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abbas, H. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erraguntla, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdul-Ghani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbasi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qaraqe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/688804</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting long-term Type 2 Diabetes with Support Vector Machine using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Two Forms of Knowledge Representations in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/691931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sensory experience shapes what and how knowledge is stored in the brain -- our knowledge about the color of roses depends in part on the activity of color-responsive neurons based on experiences of seeing roses. We study the brain basis of color knowledge in congenitally blind individuals whose color knowledge can only be obtained through language descriptions. We found that some regions support color knowledge only in the sighted. More importantly, a region in the left dorsal anterior temporal lobe supports object color knowledge in both the blind and sighted groups, indicating the existence of a sensory-independent knowledge coding system in both groups. Thus, there are (at least) two forms of object knowledge representations in the human brain: sensory-derived and cognitively-derived knowledge, supported by different brain systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caramazza, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/691931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Two Forms of Knowledge Representations in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/695247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia outbreaks among non-cystic fibrosis patients in the pediatric unit of the university hospital 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/695247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionBurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) leads to severe nosocomial infections particularly in the patients who have intravascular catheters and cystic fibrosis. The present study aims at investigation of Bcc outbreaks in non-cystic fibrosis patients.nnMaterial and MethodsA total of 6 patients who were hospitalized at General Pediatrics Department were included in the study. Blood cultures which yielded positive signals were incubated at 5% blood sheep agar, chocolate agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar. All fields which could be the source of the infection at the clinic were examined. Isolates confirmation with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) tests were performed.nnResultsThe first patient aged 14.5 years was hospitalized due to left renal agenesis, urinary tract infection and renal failure. Bcc growing was detected in blood culture which was obtained due to high fever at the 3rd day of hospitalization. New patient hospitalizations were stopped due to Bcc growing in blood cultures which was obtained due to high fever in the remaining five patients. No growing was detected in samples obtained from the clinic and the patient rooms. PFGE patterns were similar in all clinical isolates of Bcc indicating that the outbreak had originated from the same origin.nnConclusionsBcc infection should always be kept in mind in nosocomial outbreaks due to multi-drug resistance and the need for hospitalization at intensive care unit. Control measures should be taken for prevention of nosocomial infections and required investigations should be done for detection of the source of the infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tüfekci, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safak, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizilca, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalbantoglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nalbantoglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samanci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiraz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/695247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia outbreaks among non-cystic fibrosis patients in the pediatric unit of the university hospital]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/695304v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of High-Resolution RAD-Seq Based Linkage Map, Anchoring Reference Genome, and QTL Mapping of the Sex Chromosome in the Marine Medaka Oryzias melastigma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/695304v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medaka (Oryzias spp.) is an important fish species in ecotoxicology and considered as a model species due to its biological features including small body size and short generation time. Since Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes is a freshwater species with access to an excellent genome resources, the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma is also applicable for marine ecotoxicology. In genome era, a high-density genetic linkage map is a very useful resource in genomic research, providing a means for comparative genomic analysis and verification of de novo genome assembly. In this study, we developed a high-density genetic linkage map for O. melastigma using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). The genetic map consisted of 24 linkage groups with 2,481 RAD-tag markers. The total map length was 1,784 cM with an average marker space of 0.72 cM. The genetic map was integrated with the reference-assisted chromosome assembly (RACA) of O. melastigma, which anchored 90.7% of the assembled sequence onto the linkage map. The values of complete Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) were similar to RACA assembly but N50 (23.74 Mb; total genome length 779.4 Mb; gap 5.29%) increased to 29.99 Mb (total genome length 778.7 Mb; gap 5.2%). Using MapQTL analysis with a single nucleotide polymorphism markers, we identified a major quantitative trait locus for sex traits on the Om10. The integration of the genetic map with the reference genome of marine medaka will serve as a good resource for studies in molecular toxicology, genomics, CRISPR/Cas9, and epigenetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Au, D. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takehana, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/695304</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of High-Resolution RAD-Seq Based Linkage Map, Anchoring Reference Genome, and QTL Mapping of the Sex Chromosome in the Marine Medaka Oryzias melastigma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/699959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing single-cell cellular state inference by incorporating molecular network features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/699959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In biological systems, genes function in conjunction rather than in isolation. However, traditional single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analyses heavily rely on the transcriptional similarity of individual genes, ignoring the inherent gene-gene interactions. Here, we present SCORE, a network-based method, which incorporates the validated molecular network features to infer cellular states. Using real scRNA-seq datasets, SCORE outperforms existing methods in accuracy, robustness, scalability, data integration and removal of batch effect. When applying SCORE to a newly generated human ileal scRNA-seq dataset, we identified several novel stem/progenitor clusters, including a Cripto-1+ cluster. Moreover, two distinct groups of goblet cells were identified and only one of them tended to secrete mucus. Besides, we found that the recently identified BEST4+OTOP2+ microfold cells also highly expressed CFTR, which is different from their colonic counterparts. In summary, SCORE enhances cellular state inference by simulating the dynamic changes of molecular networks, providing more biological insights beyond statistical interpretations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/699959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing single-cell cellular state inference by incorporating molecular network features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-assembled primary tumor clusters for precision cancer therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/700724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Several patient-derived tumor models emerged recently as robust preclinical models. However, their potential to guide clinical therapy remained unclear. We report a novel model for personalized drug testing called patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters (PTC) that enabled us to accomplish personalized drug tests within 10-20 days. Mechanistically, PTCs result from the migration and aggregation of CD8+/CD44+ primary epithelial cells in a mixture of fibroblasts and macrophages, and form spheroid cultures. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of PTCs showed a high degree of similarity with the original patient tumors, indicating that PTC structurally and functionally recapitulated original tumors. Over 200 PTC models have been established from at least six cancer types and diverse sampling approaches. Given its seamless integration with current clinical sampling approaches, the PTC platform will revolutionize chemotherapy programs for cancer patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/700724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-assembled primary tumor clusters for precision cancer therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/701680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Giotto, a pipeline for integrative analysis and visualization of single-cell spatial transcriptomic data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/701680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid development of novel spatial transcriptomic and proteomic technologies has provided new opportunities to investigate the interactions between cells and their native microenvironment. However, effective use of such technologies requires the development of innovative computational tools that are easily accessible and intuitive to use. Here we present Giotto, a comprehensive, flexible, robust, and open-source toolbox for spatial transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis and visualization. The data analysis module provides end-to-end analysis by implementing a wide range of algorithms for characterizing cell-type distribution, spatially coherent gene expression patterns, and interactions between each cell and its surrounding neighbors. Furthermore, Giotto can also be used in conjunction with external single-cell RNAseq data to infer the spatial enrichment of cell types from data that do not have single-cell resolution. The data visualization module allows users to interactively visualize the gene expression data, analysis outputs, and additional imaging features, thereby providing a user-friendly workspace to explore multiple modalities of information for biological investigation. These two modules can be used iteratively for refined analysis and hypothesis development. We applied Giotto to a wide range of public datasets encompassing diverse technologies and platforms, thereby demonstrating its general applicability for spatial transcriptomic and proteomic data analysis and visualization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dries, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eng, C.-H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, G.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/701680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Giotto, a pipeline for integrative analysis and visualization of single-cell spatial transcriptomic data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703207v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dimensional Reduction of Emergent Spatiotemporal Cortical Dynamics via a Maximum Entropy Moment Closure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703207v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Modern electrophysiological recordings and optical imaging techniques have revealed a diverse spectrum of spatiotemporal neural activities underlying fundamental cognitive processing. Oscillations, traveling waves and other complex population dynamical patterns are often concomitant with sensory processing, information transfer, decision making and memory consolidation. While neural population models such as neural mass, population density and kinetic theoretical models have been used to capture a wide range of the experimentally observed dynamics, a full account of how the multi-scale dynamics emerges from the detailed biophysical properties of individual neurons and the network architecture remains elusive. Here we apply a recently developed coarse-graining framework for reduced-dimensional descriptions of neuronal networks to model visual cortical dynamics. We show that, without introducing any new parameters, how a sequence of models culminating in an augmented system of spatially-coupled ODEs can effectively model a wide range of the observed cortical dynamics, ranging from visual stimulus orientation dynamics to traveling waves induced by visual illusory stimuli. In addition to an efficient simulation method, this framework also offers an analytic approach to studying large-scale network dynamics. As such, the dimensional reduction naturally leads to mesoscopic variables that capture the interplay between neuronal population stochasticity and network architecture that we believe to underlie many emergent cortical phenomena.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/703207</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dimensional Reduction of Emergent Spatiotemporal Cortical Dynamics via a Maximum Entropy Moment Closure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Target Capture Sequencing Unravels Rubus Evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/703926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundRubus (Rosaceae) comprises more than 500 species with additional commercially cultivated raspberries and blackberries. The most recent (> 100 years old) global taxonomic treatment of the genus defined 12 subgenera; two subgenera were subsequently described and some species were rearranged. Intra- and interspecific ploidy levels and hybridization make phylogenetic estimation of Rubus challenging. Our objectives were to: estimate the phylogeny of 94 geographically diverse species and 3 cultivars using chloroplast DNA sequences and target capture of approximately 1,000 low copy nuclear genes; estimate divergence times between major Rubus clades; and examine the historical biogeography of species diversification.nnResultsTarget capture sequencing identified eight major groups within Rubus. Subgenus Orobatus and Subg. Anoplobatus were monophyletic, while other recognized subgenera were para- or polyphyletic. Multiple hybridization events likely occurred across the phylogeny at subgeneric levels, e.g., Subg. Rubus (blackberries) x Subg. Idaeobatus (raspberries) and Subg. Idaeobatus x Subg. Cylactis (Arctic berries) hybrids. The raspberry heritage within known cultivated blackberry hybrids was confirmed. The most recent common ancestor of the genus was most likely distributed in North America. Multiple distribution events occurred during the Miocene (about 20 Ma) from North America into Asia and Europe across the Bering land bridge and southward crossing the Panamanian Isthmus. Rubus species diversified greatly in Asia during the Miocene.nnConclusionsRubus taxonomy does not reflect phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric revision is warranted. Target capture sequencing confirmed that most subgenera are para- or polyphyletic. The most recent common ancestor migrated from North America towards Asia, Europe, and Central and South America early in the Miocene then diversified. Ancestors of the genus Rubus may have migrated to Oceania by long distance bird dispersal. This phylogeny presents a roadmap for further Rubus taxonomic and phylogenetic research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hummer, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liston, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bassil, N. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alice, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushakra, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mockler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/703926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Target Capture Sequencing Unravels Rubus Evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TSG-6 in extracellular vesicles from canine mesenchymal stem/stromal is a major factor in relieving DSS-induced colitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/714931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have been reported to be beneficial against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesize that the tumor necrosis factor--stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6) in EVs is a key factor influencing the alleviation of colitis symptoms. DSS-induced colitis mice (C57BL/6, male, n = 6-8/group) were intraperitoneally administered EVs (100 ug/mice) on day 1, 3, and 5; colon tissues were collected on day 10 for histopathological, qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses. In mice injected with EV, inflammation was alleviated. Indeed, EVs regulated the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-, IL-1{beta}, IFN-{gamma}, IL-6, and IL-10 in inflamed colons. However, when injected with TSG-6 depleted EV, the degree of inflammatory relief was reduced. Furthermore, TSG-6 in EVs plays a key role in increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon. In conclusion, this study shows that TSG-6 in EVs is a major factor in the relief of DSS-induced colitis, by increasing the number of Tregs in the colon.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>AN, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SONG, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LI, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>RYU, M.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>NAM, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>BHANG, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JUNG, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Youn, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/714931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TSG-6 in extracellular vesicles from canine mesenchymal stem/stromal is a major factor in relieving DSS-induced colitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/715060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SMAD3 Determines Conventional versus Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Fates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/715060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-{beta} plays crucial roles in differentiation of dendritic cells (DC). However, molecular mechanisms how TGF-{beta} regulates DC differentiation remain largely unknown. Here, we show that selective repression of one of the TGF-{beta} receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), SMAD3 directs conventional DC (cDC) differentiation, whereas maintenance of SMAD3 is indispensable for plasmacytoid DC (pDC) differentiation. Expression of SMAD3 was specifically downregulated in CD115+ common DC progenitor (CDP), pre-cDCs and cDCs. SMAD3 deficient mice showed a significant reduction in pre-pDCs and pDCs with increased CDP, pre-cDCs and cDCs. SMAD3 upregulated the pDC-related genes: SPI-B, E2-2 and IKAROS, while it repressed FLT3 and the cDC-related genes: IRF4 and ID2. STAT3 and a SMAD transcriptional co-repressor, c-SKI repressed SMAD3 for cDC differentiation, whereas canonical SMAD-mediated TGF-{beta} signalling maintained SMAD3 for pDC differentiation. Thus, SMAD3 is the pivotal determinant to bifurcate cDC and pDC differentiation in the steady-state condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sudo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakae, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamashita, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, I.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumoto, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumida, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuroda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyazawa, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mamura, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/715060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SMAD3 Determines Conventional versus Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Fates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/718148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepHiC: A Generative Adversarial Network for Enhancing Hi-C Data Resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/718148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hi-C is commonly used to study three-dimensional genome organization. However, due to the high sequencing cost and technical constraints, the resolution of most Hi-C datasets is coarse, resulting in a loss of information and biological interpretability. Here we develop DeepHiC, a generative adversarial network, to predict high-resolution Hi-C contact maps from low-coverage sequencing data. We demonstrated that DeepHiC is capable of reproducing high-resolution Hi-C data from as few as 1% downsampled reads. Empowered by adversarial training, our method can restore fine-grained details similar to those in high-resolution Hi-C matrices, boosting accuracy in chromatin loops identification and TADs detection, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in accuracy of prediction. Finally, application of DeepHiC to Hi-C data on mouse embryonic development can facilitate chromatin loop detection with higher accuracy. We develop a web-based tool (DeepHiC, http://sysomics.com/deephic) that allows researchers to enhance their own Hi-C data with just a few clicks.nnAuthor summaryWe developed a novel method, DeepHiC, for enhancing Hi-C data resolution from low-coverage sequencing data using generative adversarial network. DeepHiC is capable of reproducing highresolution (10-kb) Hi-C data with high quality even using 1/100 downsampled reads. Our method outperforms the previous methods in Hi-C data resolution enhancement, boosting accuracy in chromatin loops identification and TADs detection. Application of DeepHiC on mouse embryonic development data shows that enhancements afforded by DeepHiC facilitates the chromatin loops identification of these data achieving higher accuracy. We also developed a user-friendly web server (http://sysomics.com/deephic) that allows researchers to enhance their own low-resolution Hi-C data (40kb-1 Mb) with just few clicks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/718148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepHiC: A Generative Adversarial Network for Enhancing Hi-C Data Resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719807v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mining the human tonsillar microbiota as autoimmune modulator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719807v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Palatine tonsils are important lymphoid organs featuring constant cross-talks between the commensal microorganisms and immune system, and have been implicated as critical autoimmunity origins for immune-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common autoimmune disorder. However, there was no evidence to show link between tonsillar microbiota and RA. Here, we identified a significant dysbiosis of RA tonsillar microbiota, with loss of Streptococcus salivarius and its functional molecules salivaricins (a type of antibacterial peptides). Consistent with the niche-preference, S. salivarius and salivaricins administrated intranasally or intraorally conferred prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies against experimental arthritis. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time, that S. salivarius and salivaricins exerted immunosuppressive capacities via inhibiting CD4+effector T cell subsets and autoantibody production in mice and human. These results uncover a communication between tonsillar microbiota and host autoimmunity, and identify the active components from tonsillar microbes in modulating immune homeostasis.nnOne sentence summaryTonsillar microbiota regulate host autoimmunity via antibacterial peptides
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/719807</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mining the human tonsillar microbiota as autoimmune modulator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causal relationship of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/719898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whether the epidemiological association of amyloid beta (A{beta}) and tau pathology with Alzheimers disease (AD) is causal remains unclear. The recent failures to demonstrate the efficacy of several amyloid beta-modifying drugs may indicate the possibility that the observed association is not causal. These failures also led to efforts to develop tau-directed treatments whose efficacy is still tentative. Herein, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to determine whether the relationship between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for amyloid and tau pathology and the risk of AD is causal. We used the summary statistics of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for CSF biomarkers (A{beta}1-42, phosphorylated tau 181 [p-tau], and total tau [t-tau]) in 3,146 individuals and for late-onset AD (LOAD) in 21,982 LOAD cases and 41,944 cognitively normal controls. We tested the association between the change in the genetically predicted CSF biomarkers and LOAD risk. We found a modest decrease in the LOAD risk per one standard deviation (SD) increase in the genetically predicted CSF A{beta} (odds ratio [OR], 0.63 for AD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.87; P = 0.02). In contrast, we observed a significant increase in the LOAD risk per one SD increase in the genetically predicted CSF p-tau (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.46-3.28; P = 1.09x10-5). However, no causal association was observed of the CSF t-tau with the LOAD risk (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.85-1.45; P = 0.29). Our findings need to be validated in future studies with more genetic variants identified in larger GWASs for CSF biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nho, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/719898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causal relationship of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deficiency in the endocytic adaptor protein PHETA1/2 impairs renal and craniofacial development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/727578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A critical barrier in the treatment of endosomal and lysosomal diseases is the lack of understanding of the in vivo functions of the putative causative genes. We addressed this by investigating a key pair of endocytic adaptor proteins, PH domain containing endocytic trafficking adaptor 1 and 2 (PHETA1/2, also known as FAM109A/B, Ses1/2, IPIP27A/B), which interact with the protein product of OCRL, the causative gene for Lowe syndrome. Here we conducted the first study of PHETA1/2 in vivo, utilizing the zebrafish system. We found that impairment of both zebrafish orthologs, pheta1 and pheta2, disrupted endocytosis and ciliogenesis. In addition, pheta1/2 mutant animals exhibited reduced jaw size and delayed chondrocyte maturation, indicating a role in craniofacial development. Deficiency of pheta1/2 resulted in dysregulation of cathepsin K, which led to an increased abundance of type II collagen in craniofacial cartilages. The abnormal renal and craniofacial phenotypes in the pheta1/2 mutant animals were consistent with the clinical presentations of a patient with a de novo arginine (R) to cysteine (C) variant (R6C) of PHETA1. Expressing the patient-specific variant in zebrafish exacerbated craniofacial deficits, suggesting that the R6C allele acts in a dominant-negative manner. Together, these results provide insights into the in vivo roles of PHETA1/2 and suggest that the R6C variant is contributory to the pathogenesis of disease in the patient.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ates, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veeranan-Karmegam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenzel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stephen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adams, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markello, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tifft, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahl, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonsalvez, G. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malicdan, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flanagan-Steet, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/727578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deficiency in the endocytic adaptor protein PHETA1/2 impairs renal and craniofacial development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729566v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deepprune: Learning efficient and interpretable convolutional networks through weight pruning for predicting DNA-protein binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729566v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods have outperformed conventional machine learning methods in predicting the binding preference of DNA-protein binding. Although studies in the past have shown that more convolutional kernels help to achieve better performance, visualization of the model can be obscured by the use of many kernels, resulting in overfitting and reduced interpretation because the number of motifs in true models is limited. Therefore, we aim to arrive at high performance, but with limited kernel numbers, in CNN-based models for motif inference.nnWe herein present Deepprune, a novel deep learning framework, which prunes the weights in the dense layer and fine-tunes iteratively. These two steps enable the training of CNN-based models with limited kernel numbers, allowing easy interpretation of the learned model. We demonstrate that Deepprune significantly improves motif inference performance for the simulated datasets. Furthermore, we show that Deepprune outperforms the baseline with limited kernel numbers when inferring DNA-binding sites from ChIP-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/729566</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deepprune: Learning efficient and interpretable convolutional networks through weight pruning for predicting DNA-protein binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synchrony and complexity in state-related EEG networks: an application of spectral graph theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/729806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To characterize differences between different state-related brain networks, statistical graph theory approaches have been employed to identify informative, topological properties. However, dynamical properties have been studied little in this regard. Our goal here was to introduce spectral graph theory as a reliable approach to determine dynamic properties of functional brain networks and to find how topological versus dynamical features differentiate between such networks. To this goal, 45 participants performed no task with eyes open (EO) or closed (EC) while electroencephalography data were recorded. These data were used to create weighted adjacency matrices for each condition (rest state EO and rest state EC). Then, using the spectral graph theory approach and Shannon entropy, we identified dynamical properties for weighted graphs, and we compared these features with topological aspects of graphs. The results showed that spectral graph theory can distinguish different state-dependent neural networks with different synchronies. On the other hand, correlation analysis indicated that although dynamical and topological properties of random networks are completely independent, these network features can be related in the case of brain generated graphs. In conclusion, the spectral graph theory approach can be used to make inferences about various state-related brain networks, for healthy and clinical populations.nnAuthor SummeryBy considering functional communications across different brain regions, a complex network is achieved that is known as functional brain network. Topologically, this network is constructed by different nodes (activity of brain regions or signals over recording electrodes) and different edges (similarity, correlation or phase difference between nodes). Paths, clusters, hubs, and centrality of nodes are examples of topological properties of these networks. However, synchrony and stability of functional brain networks can not be revealed by consideration of topological properties. Alternatively, spectral graph theory (SGT) can demonstrate the dynamic, synchrony and stability of graphs. But this approach has been studied little in brain network analysis. Here, we employed SGT, as well as topological methods, to investigate which approaches are more reliable to find differences between distinct state-related brain networks. On the other hand, we investigated correlations between topology and dynamic in different type of networks (brain generated and random networks). We found that SGT measures can clearly distinguish between distinct state-related brain networks and it can reveal synchrony and complexity of these networks. Also, results show that although dynamic and topology of random-generated graph are completely independent, these properties exhibit several correlations in the case of functional brain networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ghaderi, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltaretu, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andevari, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bharmauria, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balci, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/729806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synchrony and complexity in state-related EEG networks: an application of spectral graph theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731679v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into the mechanism of the human soluble guanylate cyclase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/731679v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the primary nitric oxide (NO) sensor. It plays a central role in NO signaling and is implicated in many essential physiological processes and disease conditions. The binding of NO leads to a significant boost in sGC enzymatic activity. However, the mechanism of NO activation remains incompletely understood. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human sGC 1{beta}1 heterodimer in different functional states. These structures revealed that the transducer module bridges the NO sensor module and the catalytic module. NO binding to the {beta}1 H-NOX domain triggers the structural rearrangement of the sensor module and the bending-straightening conformational switch of the transducer module. The resulting movement of the N-termini of the catalytic domains drives the structural changes within the catalytic module, which in turn boost sGC enzymatic activity. These observations indicate the structural framework for the mechanism of sGC activation induced by NO binding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/731679</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into the mechanism of the human soluble guanylate cyclase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732172v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemistry of cation hydration and conduction in a skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/732172v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are Ca2+-regulated Ca2+ channels of 2.2-megadalton in muscles and neurons for calcium signaling. How Ca2+ regulates ion conduction in the RyR channels remains elusive. We determined a 2.6-[A] cryo-EM structure of rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1, and used multiscale dynamics simulations to elucidate cation interactions with RyR1. We investigated 21 potential cation-binding sites that may together rationalize biphasic Ca2+ response of RyR1. The selectivity filter captures a cation hydration complex by hydrogen-bonding with both the inner and outer hydration shells of water molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that adjacent Ca2+ ions moving in concert along ion-permeation pathway are separated by at least two cation-binding sites. Our analysis reveals that RyR1 has been evolved to favor its interactions with two hydration shells of cations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/732172</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemistry of cation hydration and conduction in a skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rats Sniff Off Toxic Air 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Breathing air is a fundamental human need, yet its safety, when challenged by various harmful or lethal substances, is often not properly guarded. For example, air toxicity is currently monitored only for single or limited number of known toxicants, thus failing to fully warn against possible hazardous air. Here, we discovered that within minutes living rats emitted distinctive profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via breath when exposed to various airborne toxicants such as endotoxin, O3, ricin, and CO2. Compared to background indoor air, when exposed to ricin or endotoxin aerosols breath-borne VOC levels, especially that of carbon disulfide, were shown to decrease; while their elevated levels were observed for O3 and CO2 exposures. A clear contrast in breath-borne VOCs profiles of rats between different toxicant exposures was observed with a statistical significance. Differences in MicroRNA regulations such as miR-33, miR-146a and miR-155 from rats blood samples revealed different mechanisms used by the rats in combating different air toxicant challenges. Similar to dogs, rats were found here to be able to sniff against toxic air by releasing a specific breath-borne VOC profile. The discovered science opens a new arena for online monitoring air toxicity and health effects of pollutants.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/739003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rats Sniff Off Toxic Air]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lossless and Contamination-Free Digital PCR 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/739243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The realization of the vast potential of digital PCR (dPCR), to provide extremely accurate and sensitive measurements in the clinical setting, has thus far been hindered by challenges such as assay robustness and high costs. Existing popular dPCR platforms that target the clinic have not reached wide-spread adoption, due to problems with sample loss and risk of contamination during sample preparation, compartmentalization, and transfers; limitations of dynamic range and signal-to-noise in the result readout also restricts broad applications. Here we introduce a lossless and contamination-free dPCR technology termed CLEAR-dPCR, which addresses these challenges by completing the dPCR sample preparation, PCR reaction, and readout all in one tube. We achieve this by adjusting the refractive index of the aqueous PCR mix to make the emulsion optically transparent, and devised a light-sheet microscope to capture 3D images of the cleared emulsion for results readout. This approach demonstrates improved accuracy over existing dPCR platforms, and enables a greatly increased dynamic range to be comparable to that of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). CLEAR-dPCR is an easy to operate, sensitive and accurate dPCR platform that we envision will fulfill the potential of dPCR for routine use clinical diagnosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/739243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lossless and Contamination-Free Digital PCR]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Clinical Significance and Biological Function of DPEP1 in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/742551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dehydropeptidase-1 (DPEP1) is a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase abnormally expressed in many cancers. However, its potential role in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is unknown.nnWe found that in adults with common-B-cell ALL high DPEP1 transcript levels at diagnosis was independently-associated with an increased CIR and worse RFS compared with subjects with low transcript levels. We show an increased proliferation and pro-survival role of DPEP1 in B-cell ALL cells via regulation of phosphCREB and p53 which may be the biological basis of the clinical correlation we report. Our data implicate DPEP1 expression in the biology of common B-cell ALL in adults. We report clinical correlates and provide a potential biological basis for these correlations. If confirmed, analyzing DPEP1 transcript levels at diagnosis could help predict therapy-outcomes. Moreover, regulation of DPEP1 expression could be a therapy target in B-cell ALL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HUANG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, G.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/742551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Clinical Significance and Biological Function of DPEP1 in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disome-seq reveals sequence-mediated coupling of translational pauses and protein structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/746875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regulation of translation elongation plays a crucial role in determining absolute protein levels and ensuring the correct localization and folding of proteins. Much of our knowledge regarding translation elongation comes from the sequencing of mRNA fragments protected by single ribosomes (ribo-seq). However, larger protected mRNA fragments have been observed, suggesting the existence of an alternative and previously hidden layer of regulation. In this study, we performed disome-seq to sequence mRNA fragments protected by two stacked ribosomes -- a product of translational pauses during which the 5'-ribosome collides with the 3'-paused one. We detected widespread ribosome collisions that are missed in traditional ribo-seq. These collisions are due to 1) slow ribosome release when stop codons are at the A-site, 2) slow peptide bond formation from proline, glycine, asparagine, and cysteine when they are at the P-site, and 3) slow leaving of polylysine from the exit tunnel of ribosomes. The paused ribosomes can continue translating after collisions, as suggested by the structure of disomes obtained by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Collided ribosomes recruit chaperones, which can aid in the co-translational folding of the nascent peptides. Therefore, cells use regulated ribosome collisions to ensure protein homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/746875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disome-seq reveals sequence-mediated coupling of translational pauses and protein structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748269v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of ultrasonography on identifying noninvasive prenatal screening false-negative aneuploidy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/748269v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeTo evaluate the impact of ultrasonography (US) on identifying noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) false-negative aneuploidy.nnMethodsAnalysis of large population-based NIPS false-negative aneuploidy data comprising karyotypes, clinical outcomes, and US results.nnResultsFrom December 2010 to July 2018, a total of 3,320,457 pregnancies were screened by NIPS performed in BGI; among them, 69 NIPS false-negative aneuploidy cases with informed consent were confirmed, and US examination data for 48 cases were not available. Of the 21 cases with US results, 19 (90.5%) had various abnormalities on ultrasound, and 2 (9.5%) cases were shown to be normal on ultrasound. Additionally, 6 out of 7 live born fetuses (approximately 85.7%) were found to have abnormalities on ultrasound. Ventricular septal defects constituted the most frequently observed ultrasound abnormality type among the 21 NIPS false-negative aneuploidy cases.nnConclusionNIPS has expanded rapidly worldwide and now accounts for a large proportion of prenatal screening tests in China. This study suggests that abnormal US findings should not be neglected, even when NIPS produces a negative result. Combining NIPS with an US examination can further reduce the incidence of livebirths with aneuploidy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/748269</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of ultrasonography on identifying noninvasive prenatal screening false-negative aneuploidy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749440v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SWR1 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Prevents Mitotic Slippage during Spindle Position Checkpoint Arrest 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749440v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Faithful chromosome segregation in budding yeast requires correct positioning of the mitotic spindle along the mother to daughter cell polarity axis. When the anaphase spindle is not correctly positioned, a surveillance mechanism, named as the spindle position checkpoint (SPOC), prevents the progression out of mitosis until correct spindle positioning is achieved. How SPOC works on a molecular level is not well-understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide genetic screen to search for components required for SPOC. We identified the SWR1 chromatin-remodeling complex (SWR1-C) among the several novel factors that are essential for SPOC integrity. Cells lacking SWR1-C were able to activate SPOC upon spindle misorientation but underwent mitotic slippage upon prolonged SPOC arrest. This mitotic slippage required the Cdc14-early anaphase release pathway and other factors including the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex, proteasome components, the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase Slt2/Mpk1. Together, our data establish a novel link between chromatin remodeling and robust checkpoint arrest in late anaphase.

AUTHORS SUMMARYBefore it physically divides into two, the cell must duplicate its genetic material and separate the duplicated copies to the opposite poles of the cell with the help of the spindle machinery. The direction along which the genetic material is separated has different consequences on cell division, especially when the opposite poles of the cell differ from each other, as is the case of asymmetric cell division. Every cell division in budding yeast is asymmetric. The new (daughter) cell grows on the old (mother) cell and pinches of from this location at the end of the cell division, giving rise to a new and an old cell. The daughter and mother cells differ in size and composition, thus the cell division is asymmetric. In order for the daughter cell to receive one copy of the duplicated genetic material, budding yeast has to separate the copies of its genetic material along the mother to daughter cell direction, which is possible by placing the spindle apparatus along this direction.

A surveillance mechanism named the Spindle Position Checkpoint (SPOC) in budding yeast monitors the position of the mitotic spindle and prevents cells from dividing if the spindle fails to align in the mother to daughter direction. The cell can resume cell division only after correcting the position of the spindle followed by inactivation of SPOC. This way SPOC prevents multi-nucleation and enucleation, and hence it is a crucial mechanism to maintain the correct ploidy. It has been known that about five proteins play a role in positively supporting the SPOC. Yet, how SPOC works on a molecular level remains ill understood.

In this study, we aimed to find out novel components of SPOC. Through an unbiased genome-wide genetic screen, we successfully identified several new components of the SPOC machinery. Among several other novel proteins identified, we investigated the role of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex (SWR1-C) in more detail. We show that the SWR1-C has a function in preventing cells with mis-positioned spindles from resuming cell division when the spindle stays mis-positioned for a prolonged time (mitotic slippage). Our data indicated that SWR1-C is not required to start the immediate SPOC response, rather it is important to keep the prolonged SPOC arrest.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Caydasi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khmelinskii, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darieva, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurtulmus, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Knop, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pereira, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/749440</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SWR1 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Prevents Mitotic Slippage during Spindle Position Checkpoint Arrest]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749747v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput living-cell protein crosslinking analysis uncovers the physiological relevance of forming the \"inserted\" state of the ATP synthase ϵ-subunit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/749747v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP synthase, a highly conserved multi-subunit enzyme complex having a common stoichiometry of 3{beta}3{gamma}{delta}{varepsilon}ab2c8-15, functions to supply ATP as the universal energy currency for cells. It comprises of the peripheral F1 sector (3{beta}3{gamma}{delta}{varepsilon}) and the membrane-integrated Fo sector (ab2c8-15). In vitro structural analyses revealed that the C-terminal domain of the {varepsilon}-subunit could adopt either an "inserted" or "non-inserted" state (with or without interacting with the /{beta}-subunits), with the former being viewed as inhibitory for the ATP hydrolysis activity of ATP synthase. Nevertheless, as common in current protein researches, the physiological relevance of such an "inserted" state for ATP synthase functioning is hardly known. To decipher this, designed an unnatural amino acid-mediated living-cell protein photocrosslinking analysis pipeline by developing the scarless genome-targeted site-directed mutagenesis and the high-throughput gel polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HT-PAGE) techniques. Employing this powerful approach, we systematically examined the interactions involving the C-terminal helix of the {varepsilon}-subunit in cells living under a variety of experimental conditions. These studies enabled us to uncover that the "inserted" and "non-inserted" states of the {varepsilon}-subunit exist as an equilibrium in cells cultured under common experimental conditions, shifting to the former upon the appearance of unfavorable conditions, acting as a low-gear state to strengthen the ATP synthesis function. Such a fine-tuning mechanism allows the ATP synthase to reversibly and instantly switch between two functional states. Further, the two powerful techniques that we developed here might be applied to many aspects of protein researches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/749747</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput living-cell protein crosslinking analysis uncovers the physiological relevance of forming the \"inserted\" state of the ATP synthase ϵ-subunit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750794v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Meta-Position of Phe4 in Leu-enkephalin Regulates Potency, Selectivity, Functional Activity, and Signaling Bias at the Delta and Mu Opioid Receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750794v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As tool compounds to study cardiac ischemia, the endogenous {delta}-opioid receptors ({delta}OR) agonist Leu5-enkephalin and the more metabolically stable synthetic peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin are frequently employed. However, both peptides have similar pharmacological profiles that restrict detailed investigation of the cellular mechanism of the {delta}ORs protective role during ischemic events. Thus, a need remains for {delta}OR peptides with improved selectivity and unique signaling properties for investigating the specific roles for {delta}OR signaling in cardiac ischemia. To this end, we explored substitution at the Phe4 position of Leu5-enkephalin for its ability to modulate receptor function and selectivity. Peptides were assessed for their affinity to bind to {delta}ORs and -opioid receptors (ORs) and potency to inhibit cAMP signaling and to recruit {beta}-arrestin 2. Additionally, peptide stability was measured in rat plasma. Substitution of the meta-position of Phe4 of Leu5-enkephalin provided high-affinity ligands with varying levels of selectivity and bias at both the {delta}OR and OR and improved peptide stability, while substitution with picoline derivatives produced lower-affinity ligands with G protein biases at both receptors. Overall, these favorable substitutions at the meta-position of Phe4 may be combined with other modifications to Leu5-enkephalin to deliver improved agonists with finely tuned potency, selectivity, bias and drug-like properties.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cassell, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cummins, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mores, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altman, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rijn, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/750794</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Meta-Position of Phe4 in Leu-enkephalin Regulates Potency, Selectivity, Functional Activity, and Signaling Bias at the Delta and Mu Opioid Receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TRIM21 and PHLDA3 Negatively Regulate the Cross-Talk between the PI3K/AKT Pathway and PPP Metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/750976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PI3K/AKT signaling is known to regulate cancer metabolism but whether metabolic pathway feedbacks and regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the important reciprocal cross-talks between the PI3K/AKT signal and PPP branching metabolic pathways. PI3K/AKT activation stabilizes G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of PPP, by inhibiting a newly identified E3 ligase TIRM21, and promotes PPP. PPP metabolites, in turn, reinforce AKT activation and further promote cancer metabolic reprogramming by blocking the expression of an AKT inhibitor PHLDA3. Knockout TRIM21 or PHLDA3 promotes the cross-talks and cell proliferation. Importantly, PTEN null human cancer cells and in vivo murine models are sensitive to anti-PPP treatments, suggesting the importance of PPP in maintaining AKT activation even in the presence of a constitutively activated PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that blockade of these reciprocal cross-talks may have a therapeutic benefit for cancers with PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/750976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TRIM21 and PHLDA3 Negatively Regulate the Cross-Talk between the PI3K/AKT Pathway and PPP Metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
On the delay in propagation of action potentials 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/763698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The signal delay during the propagation of action potentials is one of the key issues in understanding the mechanisms of generation and propagation of neural signals. Here we reanalyzed related experimental data to demonstrate that action potentials in the propagation process along a myelinated axon are highly overlapped in the time scale. The shift in time of two successive signals from neighboring nodes, defined as delay time{tau} in this work, is only tens of microseconds (16.3-87.0 s), thus is only ~ 0.8-4.4 % of the measured average duration of an action potential, ~ 2 ms. This fact may reveal a huge gap to the commonly accepted picture for propagation of neural signal. We could apply the electromagnetic soliton-like model to well explain this phenomenon, and attribute{tau} to the waiting time that one signal source (i.e., ion channel cluster at one node) needs to take when it generates an electromagnetic neural pulse with increasing intensity until the intensity is higher than a certain point so as to activate neighboring signal source. This viewpoint may shed some light on a better understanding of the exact physical mechanism of neural signal communication in a variety of biosystems.nnStatement of SignificanceThe delay time during the propagation of action potentials is an important term in understanding the mechanisms of generation and propagation of neural signals. In this article we analyzed published experimental data and showed that action potentials from two neighboring Ranvier nodes are highly overlapped in time, with an average shift of tens of microseconds, which occupied only ~ 0.8-4.4 % of the average duration of an action potential (2 ms). The electromagnetic soliton-model seemed the best model to explain this phenomenon.nnThe viewpoint of this article may shed some light on a better understanding of the exact physical mechanism of neural signal communication, and be tractive to researchers in a variety of fields, such as neuroscience, brain-computer interface, etc..
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/763698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[On the delay in propagation of action potentials]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767319v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic production and loss of flagellar filaments during the bacterial life cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/767319v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bacterial flagella are large extracellular protein organelles that drive bacteria motility and taxis in response to environmental changes. Previous research has focused mostly on describing the flagellar assembly, its rotation speed and power output. However, whether flagella are permanent cell structures and, if not, the circumstances and timing of their production and loss during the bacterial life cycle remain poorly understood. Here we used the single polar flagellum of Vibrio alginolyticus as our model and, using in vivo fluorescence imaging, revealed that the percentage of flagellated bacteria (PFB) in a population varies substantially across different bacterial growth phases. In the early-exponential phase, the PFB increases rapidly in respect to incubation time, mostly through widespread flagella production. In the mid-exponential phase, the PFB peaks at around 76% and the partitioning of flagella between the daughter cells is 1:1 and strictly at the old poles. After entering the stationary phase, the PFB starts to decline, mainly because daughter cells stop making new flagella after cell division. Interestingly, we discovered that bacteria can actively abandon flagella after prolonged stationary culturing, though cell division has long been suspended. Lack of glucose was found to be a major factor promoting flagellar disassembly. We also revealed that the active loss of flagella was initiated by breakage in the rod connecting the extracellular filament to the basal body formed by MS- and C-rings. Our results highlight the dynamic production and loss of flagellar filaments during the bacterial life cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kojima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Homma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lo, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/767319</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic production and loss of flagellar filaments during the bacterial life cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Verbal thinking in rhythm: motor-to-sensory transformation network mediates imagined singing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
What enables our mental activities for thinking verbally or humming in our mind? We hypothesized that the interaction between motor and sensory systems induces speech and melodic mental representations, and this motor-to-sensory transformation forms the neural basis that enables our verbal thinking and covert singing. Analogous with the neural entrainment to auditory stimuli, participants imagined singing lyrics of well-known songs rhythmically while their neural electromagnetic signals were recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We found that when participants imagined singing the same song in similar durations across trials, the delta frequency band (1-3 Hz, similar to the rhythm of the songs) showed more consistent phase coherence across trials. This neural phase tracking of imagined singing was observed in a frontal-parietal-temporal network - the proposed motor-to-sensory transformation pathway, including the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), insula, premotor, intra-parietal sulcus (IPS), the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), primary auditory cortex (HG), and superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (STG & STS). These results suggest that neural responses can entrain the rhythm of mental activity. Moreover, the theta band (4-8 Hz) phase coherence was localized in the auditory cortices. The mu (9-12 Hz) and beta (17-20 Hz) bands were observed in the right-lateralized sensorimotor systems that were consistent with the singing context. The gamma band was broadly manifested in the observed network. The coherent activation in the motor-to-sensory transformation network as well as the frequency-specific activation in the motor, somatosensory, and auditory cortices mediate the internal construction of perceptual representations and form the foundation of neural computations for mental operations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/771196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Verbal thinking in rhythm: motor-to-sensory transformation network mediates imagined singing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771337v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
P16  methylation increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/771337v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The P16 (CDKN2Aink4a) gene is an endogenous CDK4/6 inhibitor. Palbociclib (PD0332991) is an anti-CDK4/6 chemical for cancer treatment. P16 is most frequently inactivated by copy number deletion and DNA methylation in cancers. It is well known that cancer cells with P16 deletion are more sensitive to palbociclib than those without. However, whether P16 methylation is related to palbociclib sensitivity is not known. By analyzing public pharmacogenomic datasets, we found that the IC50 of palbociclib in cancer cell lines (n=522) was positively correlated with both the P16 expression level and P16 gene copy number. Our experimental results further showed that cancer cell lines with P16 methylation were more sensitive to palbociclib than those without. To determine whether P16 methylation directly increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to palbociclib, we induced P16 methylation in the lung cancer cell lines H661 and HCC827 and the gastric cancer cell line BGC823 via an engineered P16-specific DNA methyltransferase (P16-Dnmt) and found that the sensitivity of these cells to palbociclib was significantly increased. The survival rate of P16-Dnmt cells was significantly lower than that of vector control cells 48 hrs post treatment with palbociclib (10 M). Notably, palbociclib treatment also selectively inhibited the proliferation of the P16-methylated subpopulation of P16-Dnmt cells, further indicating that P16 methylation can increase the sensitivity of cells to this CDK4/6 inhibitor. These results were confirmed in an animal experiment. In conclusion, inactivation of the P16 gene by DNA methylation can increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to palbociclib.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/771337</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[P16  methylation increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
System-Level Quantification and Phenotyping of Early Embryonic Morphogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/776062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lineage consists of cell division timing, cell migration and cell fate, and is highly conserved during development of nematode species. An outstanding question is how differentiated cells are genetically and physically regulated in order to migrate to their precise destination among individuals. Here, we first generated a reference embryo using time-lapse 3 dimensional images of 222 wild-type C. elegans embryos at about 1.5-minute interval. This was achieved by automatic tracing and quantitative analysis of cellular phenotypes from 4- to 24-cell stage, including cell cycle duration, division orientation and migration trajectory. We next characterized cell division timing and cell kinematic state, which suggests that eight groups of cells can be clustered based on invariant and distinct division sequence. Cells may still be moving while others start to divide, indicating strong robustness against motional noise in developing embryo. We then devised a system-level phenotyping method for detecting mutant defect in global growth rate, cell cycle duration, division orientation and cell arrangement. A total of 758 genes were selected for perturbation by RNA interference followed by automatic phenotyping, which suggests a cryptic genetic architecture coordinating early morphogenesis spatially and temporally. The high-quality wild-type reference supports a conceptual close-packing model for cell arrangement during 4- to 8-cell stage, implying fundamental mechanical laws regulating the topological structure of early C. elegans embryo. Also, we observed a series of remarkable morphogenesis phenomena such as induced defect or recovery from defect in mutant embryo. To facilitate use of this quantification system, we built a software named STAR 1.0 for visualizing the wild-type reference and mutant phenotype. It also allows automatic phenotyping of new mutant embryo. Taken together, we not only provide a statistical wild-type reference with defined variability, but also shed light on both genetic and physical mechanisms coordinating early embryonic morphogenesis of C. elegans. The statistical reference permits a sensitive approach for mutant phenotype analysis, with which we phenotype a total of 1818 mutant embryos by depletion of 758 genes.nnHighlights & Graphical Abstract[bullet] Spatial-Temporal Wild-Type Reference for Early Embryonic Morphogenesis of C. elegansn[bullet]Variability (Noise) of Division Timing, Division Orientation and Cell Arrangementn[bullet]A Conceptual Close-Packing Model for Cell Arrangement Up to 8-Cell Stagen[bullet]Quantitative Phenotyping Methods at Embryo and Cellular Leveln[bullet]Cellular Phenotypes of 1818 Mutant Embryos (758 Genes) Before Gastrulationn[bullet]Categorized Phenotypes upon Gene PerturbationnnnnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=134 SRC="FIGDIR/small/776062v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (37K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2ec730org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11732deorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ccbf4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2218d1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, V. W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/776062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[System-Level Quantification and Phenotyping of Early Embryonic Morphogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/782037v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Universal and distinct features of intra-population heterogeneity between differentiated cells and pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/782037v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Isogenic cells cultured together show heterogeneity in their proliferation rate. To determine the differences between fast and slow-proliferating cells, we developed a method to sort cells by proliferation rate, and performed RNA-seq on slow and fast proliferating subpopulations of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and mouse fibroblasts. We found that slowly proliferating mESCs have a more naive pluripotent character. We identified an evolutionarily conserved proliferation-correlated transcriptomic signature that is common to all eukaryotes: fast cells have higher expression of genes for protein synthesis and protein degradation. This signature accurately predicted growth rate in yeast and cancer cells, and identified lineage-specific proliferation dynamics during development, using C. elegans scRNA-seq data. In contrast, sorting by mitochondria membrane potential revealed a highly cell-type specific mitochondria-state related transcriptome. mESCs with hyperpolarized mitochondria are fast proliferating, while the opposite is true for fibroblasts. The mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitor antimycin affected slow and fast subpopulations differently. While a major transcriptional-signature associated with cell-to-cell heterogeneity in proliferation is conserved, the metabolic and energetic dependency of cell proliferation is cell-type specific.

SynopsisBy performing RNA-seq on cells FACS sorted by their proliferation rate, this study identifies a gene expression signature capable of predicting proliferation rates in diverse eukaryotic cell types and species. This signature, applied to scRNAseq data from C.elegans, reveals lineage-specific differences in proliferation during development. In contrast to the universality of the proliferation signature, mitochondria and metabolism related genes show a high degree of cell-type specificity; mouse pluripotent stem cells (mESCs) and differentiated cells (fibroblasts) exhibit opposite relations between mitochondria state and proliferation. Furthermore, we identified a slow proliferating subpopulation of mESCs with higher expression of pluripotency genes. Finally, we show that fast and slow proliferating subpopulations are differentially sensitive to mitochondria inhibitory drugs in different cell types.

HighlightsO_LIA FACS-based method to determine the transcriptomes of fast and slow proliferating subpopulations.
C_LIO_LIA universal proliferation-correlated transcriptional signature indicates high protein synthesis and degradation in fast proliferating cells across cell types and species.
C_LIO_LIApplied to scRNA-seq, the expression signature predicts correctly the global slowdown in proliferation during C. elegans development, with lineage-specific exceptions.
C_LIO_LIMitochondria membrane potential predicts proliferation rate in a cell-type specific manner, with ETC complex III inhibitor having distinct effects on the proliferation of fibroblasts vs mESCs.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francesca Generoso, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Payer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carey, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/782037</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Universal and distinct features of intra-population heterogeneity between differentiated cells and pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/783910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Manganese Salt (MnJ) Functions as A Potent Universal Adjuvant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/783910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aluminum adjuvants have been used for a century in various vaccines due to its ability to potentiate humoral immunity and safety records since 1920s. Manganese is an essential micronutrient required for diverse biological activities in cells. We previously found that Mn2+ is a strong type I-interferon stimulator activating the cGAS-STING pathway. Herein we report that a colloidal manganese salt (MnJ) is a potent adjuvant to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, particularly CTL activation. When administrated intranasally, MnJ was also a strong mucosal adjuvant, inducing high levels of IgA antibodies. MnJ strongly promoted dendritic cell maturation and antigen-specific T cell activation. Interestingly, IL-1/-18 induction and release by Mn2+-activated ASC-mediated inflammasomes were not observed. MnJ showed great adjuvant effects to all tested antigens including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins and peptides by either intramuscular or intranasal immunization. These findings may have implications in developing potent but safe Mn2+-containing vaccines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/783910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Manganese Salt (MnJ) Functions as A Potent Universal Adjuvant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/785527v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal structure of β-arrestin 2 in complex with an atypical chemokine receptor phosphopeptide reveals an alternative active conformation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/785527v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}-arrestins ({beta}arrs) critically regulate signaling and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of drug targets in the human genome, and there are two isoforms of {beta}arrs: {beta}arr1 and {beta}arr2. Most GPCRs interact with both the heterotrimeric G-proteins and {beta}arrs, inducing distinct downstream signal transduction. However, certain chemokine receptors lack functional G-protein coupling, but they can efficiently recruit {beta}arrs upon agonist-stimulation, and they are referred to as atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs). Receptor phosphorylation is a key determinant for the binding of {beta}arrs, and understanding the intricate details of receptor-{beta}arr interaction is the next frontier in GPCR structural biology. To date, the high-resolution structures of active {beta}arr1 have been revealed, but the activation mechanism of {beta}arr2 by a phosphorylated GPCR remains elusive. Here, we present a 1.95 [A] crystal structure of {beta}arr2 in complex with a phosphopeptide (C7pp) derived from the carboxyl-terminus of ACKR3, also known as CXCR7. The structure of C7pp-bound {beta}arr2 reveals key differences from the previously determined active conformation of {beta}arr1. One of the key differences is that C7pp-bound {beta}arr2 shows a relatively small inter-domain rotation. An antibody-fragment-based conformational sensor and hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments further corroborate structural features and suggest that the determined structure is an alternative active conformation of {beta}arr2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Min, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baidya, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwivedi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maharana, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shukla, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/785527</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal structure of β-arrestin 2 in complex with an atypical chemokine receptor phosphopeptide reveals an alternative active conformation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody-free enzyme-assisted chemical labeling for detection of transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/790683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inert chemical property of RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) makes it very challenging to detect, and all of the transcriptome-wide m6A detection methods rely on m6A-antibody immunoprecipitation. However, their results are dependent on the quality and specificity of antibodies. Although the endoribonuclease-based single-base m6A sequencing is antibody-free, it maps only 16~25% sites. Here, we present an antibody-free, FTO-assisted chemical labeling method termed m6A-SEAL for m6A detection. We applied m6A-SEAL to profile m6A landscapes in human and plant, which had good overlaps with antibody-based results and displayed the known m6A distribution features in transcriptome. Comparison with all available m6A sequencing methods and specific m6A sites validation by SELECT, we demonstrated that m6A-SEAL has good sensitivity, specificity, and reliability for transcriptome-wide detection of m6A. Given its tagging ability and FTOs oxidation property, m6A-SEAL enables many applications like enrichment, imaging, and sequencing techniques to drive future functional studies of m6A and other modifications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/790683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody-free enzyme-assisted chemical labeling for detection of transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/792200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals neutrophil heterogeneity and orchestrated maturation during homeostasis and bacterial infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/792200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The full neutrophil heterogeneity and differentiation landscape remains incompletely characterized. Here we profiled >25,000 differentiating and mature mouse neutrophils using single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive transcriptional landscape of neutrophil maturation, function, and fate decision in their steady state and during bacterial infection. Eight neutrophil populations were defined by distinct molecular signatures. The three mature peripheral blood neutrophil subsets arise from distinct maturing bone marrow neutrophil subsets. Driven by both known and uncharacterized transcription factors, neutrophils gradually acquire microbicidal capability as they traverse the transcriptional landscape, representing an evolved mechanism for fine-tuned regulation of an effective but balanced neutrophil response. Bacterial infection reprograms the genetic architecture of neutrophil populations, alters dynamic transition between each subpopulation, and primes neutrophils for augmented functionality without affecting overall heterogeneity. In summary, these data establish a reference model and general framework for studying neutrophil-related disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets at single-cell resolution.nnGraphical AbstractnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=119 SRC="FIGDIR/small/792200v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (28K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18fed35org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e68b7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6cfbc8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1061a26_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIA comprehensive single-cell resolution transcriptional landscape of mouse neutrophil maturation and fate decision under steady-state and bacterial infection conditions.nC_LIO_LIThe pathogen clearance machinery in neutrophils is continuously and gradually built during neutrophil differentiation, maturation, and aging, driven by both known and uncharacterized transcription factors.nC_LIO_LIThe three mature neutrophil subsets in peripheral blood, including a novel ISG-expressing subset, are derived from distinct bone marrow neutrophil precursors.nC_LIO_LIBacterial infection reprograms the genetic architecture of neutrophil populations, alters dynamic transition between each subpopulation, and primes neutrophils for augmented functionality without affecting overall neutrophil heterogeneity.nC_LIO_LIBacterial infection-induced emergency granulopoiesis is mediated by augmented proliferation of early stage neutrophil progenitors and accelerated post-mitotic maturation.nC_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kambara, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silberstein, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/792200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals neutrophil heterogeneity and orchestrated maturation during homeostasis and bacterial infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SCRIBE: a new approach to dropout imputation and batch effects correction for single-cell RNA-seq data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/793463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing technologies are widely used in recent years as a powerful tool allowing the observation of gene expression at the resolution of single cells. Two of the major challenges in scRNA-seq data analysis are dropout events and batch effects. The inflation of zero(dropout rate) varies substantially across single cells. Evidence has shown that technical noise, including batch effects, explains a notable proportion of this cell-to-cell variation. To capture biological variation, it is necessary to quantify and remove technical variation. Here, we introduce SCRIBE (Single-Cell Recovery Imputation with Batch Effects), a principled framework that imputes dropout events and corrects batch effects simultaneously. We demonstrate, through real examples, that SCRIBE outperforms existing scRNA-seq data analysis tools in recovering cell-specific gene expression patterns, removing batch effects and retaining biological variation across cells. Our software is freely available online at https://github.com/YiliangTracyZhang/SCRIBE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/793463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SCRIBE: a new approach to dropout imputation and batch effects correction for single-cell RNA-seq data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perceptual learning evidence for an interval- and modality invariant representation of subsecond time 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central theme in time perception research is whether subsecond timing relies on a dedicated centralized clock, or on distributed neural temporal dynamics. A fundamental constraint is the interval- and modality-specificity in perceptual learning of temporal interval discrimination (TID), which argues against a dedicated centralized clock, but is more consistent with multiple distributed mechanisms. Here we demonstrated an abstract, interval- and modality-invariant, representation of subsecond time in the brain. Participants practiced TID at a specific interval (100 ms), and received exposure to a transfer interval (200 ms), or to a different auditory/visual modality, through training of an orthogonal task. This double training enabled complete transfer of TID learning to the untrained interval, and mutual complete transfer between visual and auditory modalities. These results demonstrate an interval- and modality-invariant representation of subsecond time, which resembles a centralized clock, on top of the known distributed timing mechanisms and their readout and integration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/794032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perceptual learning evidence for an interval- and modality invariant representation of subsecond time]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Paulinella micropora KR01 holobiont genome assembly for studying primary plastid evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/794941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The widespread algal and plant (Archaeplastida) plastid originated >1 billion years ago, therefore relatively little can be learned about plastid integration during the initial stages of primary endosymbiosis by studying these highly derived species. Here we focused on a unique model for endosymbiosis research, the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella micropora KR01 (Rhizaria) that underwent a more recent independent primary endosymbiosis about 124 Mya. A total of 149 Gbp of PacBio and 19 Gbp of Illumina data were used to generate the draft assembly that comprises 7,048 contigs with N50=143,028 bp and a total length of 707 Mbp. Genome GC-content was 44% with 76% repetitive sequences. We predicted 32,358 genes that contain 73% of the complete, conserved genes in the BUSCO database. The mean intron length was 882 bp, which is significantly greater than in other Rhizaria (86[~]184 bp). Symbiotic bacteria from the culture were isolated and completed genomes were generated from three species (Mesorhizobium amorphae Pch-S, Methylibium petroeiphilum Pch-M, Polaromonas sp. Pch-P) with one draft genome (Pimelobacter simplex Pch-N). Our holobiont data establish P. micropora KR01 as a model for studying plastid integration and the role of bacterial symbionts in Paulinella biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lhee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, C. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelzion, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gabr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/794941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Paulinella micropora KR01 holobiont genome assembly for studying primary plastid evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795674v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MYPT1 O-GlcNAcylation Dictates Timely Disjunction of Centrosomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795674v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in the cell cycle has been enigmatic. Previously, both O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) disruption have been shown to derail the mitotic centrosome numbers, suggesting that mitotic O-GlcNAc oscillation needs to be in concert with mitotic progression to account for centrosome integrity. Here we attempted to address the underlying molecular mechanism by both chemical approaches and biological assays, and observed that Thiamet-G (OGA inhibitor) incubation strikingly elevated centrosomal distances, suggestive of premature centrosome disjuction. These aberrancies could be overcome by inhibiting Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a mitotic master kinase. Plk1 inactivation is modulated by the Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit 1 (MYPT1)-Protein Phosphatase 1 c{beta} (PP1c{beta}) complex. Interestingly, MYPT1 is abundantly O-GlcNAcylated and the modified residues have been detected in a recent O-GlcNAc profiling screen utilizing chemoenzymatic labeling and bioorthogonal conjugation. We demonstrate that MYPT1 is O-GlcNAcylated at T577, S585, S589 and S601, which antagonizes CDK1-dependent phosphorylation at S473, subsequently attenuating the association between MYPT1 and Plk1, and promoting PLK1 activity. Thus under high O-GlcNAc, Plk1 is untimely activated, conducive to inopportune centrosome separation and disrupting the cell cycle. We propose that too much O-GlcNAc is equally deleterious as too little O-GlcNAc, and a fine balance between the OGT/OGA duo is indispensible for successful mitotic divisions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiahou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795674</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MYPT1 O-GlcNAcylation Dictates Timely Disjunction of Centrosomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795872v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integration of locomotion and auditory signals in the mouse inferior colliculus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/795872v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The inferior colliculus (IC) is the major midbrain auditory integration center, where virtually all ascending auditory inputs converge. Although the IC has been extensively studied for sound processing, little is known about the neural activity of the IC in moving subjects, as frequently happens in natural hearing conditions. Here we show, by recording the IC neural activity in walking mice, the activity of IC neurons is strongly modulated by locomotion in the absence of sound stimulus presentation. Similar modulation was also found in deafened mice, demonstrating that IC neurons receive non-auditory, locomotion-related neural signals. Sound-evoked activity was attenuated during locomotion, and the attenuation increased frequency selectivity across the population, while maintaining preferred frequencies. Our results suggest that during behavior, integrating movement-related and auditory information is an essential aspect of sound processing in the IC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/795872</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integration of locomotion and auditory signals in the mouse inferior colliculus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Establishment of morphological atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans embryo with cellular resolution using deep-learning-based 4D segmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/797688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell lineage consists of cell division timing, cell migration and cell fate, which are highly reproducible during the development of some nematode species, including C. elegans. Due to the lack of high spatiotemporal resolution of imaging technique and reliable shape-reconstruction algorithm, cell morphology have not been systematically characterized in depth over development for any metazoan. This significantly inhibits the study of space-related problems in developmental biology, including cell segregation, cell-cell contact and cell shape change over development. Here we develop an automated pipeline, CShaper, to help address these issues. By quantifying morphological parameters of densely packed cells in developing C. elegans emrbyo through segmentation of fluorescene-labelled membrance, we generate a time-lapse framework of cellular shape and migration for C. elegans embryos from 4-to 350-cell stage, including a full migration trajectory, morphological dynamics of 226 cells and 877 reproducible cell-cell contacts. In combination with automated cell tracing, cell-fate associated cell shape change becomes within reach. Our work provides a quantitative resource for C. elegans early development, which is expected to facilitate the research such as signaling transduction and cell biology of division.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/797688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Establishment of morphological atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans embryo with cellular resolution using deep-learning-based 4D segmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Listener’s vmPFC simulates speaker choices when reading between the lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/800359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans possess a remarkable ability to understand what is and is not being said by conservational partners. An important class of models hypothesize that listeners decode the intended meaning of an utterance by assuming speakers speak cooperatively, simulating the speakers rational choice process and inverting this process for recovering the speakers most probable meaning. We investigated whether and how rational simulations of speakers are represented in the listeners brain, when subjects participated in a referential communication game inside fMRI. In three experiments, we show that listeners ventromedial prefrontal cortex encodes the probabilistic inference of what a cooperative speaker should say given a communicative goal and context. The listeners striatum responds to the amount of update on the intended meaning, consistent with inverting a simulated mental model. These findings suggest a neural generative mechanism subserved by the frontal-striatal circuits that underlies our ability to understand communicative and, more generally, social actions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camerer, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/800359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Listener’s vmPFC simulates speaker choices when reading between the lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
L1 and B1 repeats blueprint the spatial organization of chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/802173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite extensive mapping of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structures, the basic principles underlying genome folding remain unknown. Here, we report a fundamental role for L1 and B1 retrotransposons in shaping the macroscopic 3D genome structure. Homotypic clustering of B1 and L1 repeats in the nuclear interior or at the nuclear and nucleolar peripheries, respectively, segregates the genome into mutually exclusive nuclear compartments. This spatial segregation of L1 and B1 is conserved in mouse and human cells, and occurs dynamically during establishment of the 3D chromatin structure in early embryogenesis and the cell cycle. Depletion of L1 transcripts drastically disrupts the spatial distributions of L1- and B1-rich compartments. L1 transcripts are strongly associated with L1 DNA sequences and induce phase separation of the heterochromatin protein HP1. Our results suggest that genomic repeats act as the blueprint of chromatin macrostructure, thus explaining the conserved higher-order structure of chromatin across mammalian cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/802173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[L1 and B1 repeats blueprint the spatial organization of chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803890v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell multiomics sequencing reveals the functional regulatory landscape of early embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/803890v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Extensive epigenetic reprogramming occurs during preimplantation embryo development and is accompanied by zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and first cell fate specification. Recent studies using single-cell epigenome sequencing techniques have provided global views of the dynamics of different epigenetic layers during this period. However, it remains largely unclear how the drastic epigenetic reprogramming contributes to transcriptional regulatory network. Here, we developed a single-cell multiomics sequencing technology (scNOMeRe-seq) that enables profiling of genome-wide chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression in the same individual cell with improved performance compared to that of earlier techniques. We applied this method to analyze the global dynamics of different molecular layers and their associations in mouse preimplantation embryos. We found that global DNA methylation remodeling facilitates the reconstruction of genetic lineages in early embryos and revealed that the gradual increases in heterogeneity among blastomeres are driven by asymmetric cleavage. Allele-specific DNA methylation pattern is maintained throughout preimplantation development and is accompanied by allele-specific associations between DNA methylation and gene expression in the gene body that are inherited from oocytes and sperm. Through integrated analyses of the collective dynamics between gene expression and chromatin accessibility, we constructed a ZGA-associated regulatory network and revealed coordination among multiple epigenetic layers, transcription factors (TFs) and repeat elements that instruct the proper ZGA process. Moreover, we found that inner cell mass (ICM)/trophectoderm (TE) lineage-associated cis-regulatory elements are stepwise activated in blastomeres during post-ZGA embryo stages. TE lineage-specific TFs play dual roles in promoting the TE program while repressing the ICM program, thereby separating the TE lineage from the ICM lineage. Taken together, our findings not only depict the first single-cell triple-omics map of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression during mouse preimplantation development but also enhance the fundamental understanding of epigenetic regulation in early embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/803890</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell multiomics sequencing reveals the functional regulatory landscape of early embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Song overlapping, ambient noise and territorial aggression in great tits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Animals often communicate with each other in noisy environments where interference from the ambient noise and other signallers may reduce the effectiveness of signals. Signalling behaviours may also evolve to interfere with signals of their opponents, e.g. by temporally overlapping them with their own, such as the song overlapping behaviour that is seen in some songbirds during aggressive interactions. Song overlapping has been proposed to be a signal of aggressive intent, but few studies directly examined the association between song overlapping and aggressive behaviours of the overlapping bird (the predictive criterion). In the present paper we examined the question of whether song overlapping is correlated with aggressive behaviours displayed during a simulated territorial intrusion in a population of great tits (Parus major) living in an urban-rural gradient. We also examined whether aggressive behaviours are correlated with the ambient noise levels. We found that overlapping was associated negatively with aggressive behaviours males displayed against a simulated intruder. These results fail to support the predictive criterion for song overlapping, raising the question whether overlapping is in fact a signal of aggressive intent. Ambient noise levels were associated positively with aggressive behaviours but did not correlate with song rate, song duration or song overlapping. Great tits in noisy urban habitats may display higher levels of aggressive behaviours due to either interference of noise in aggressive communication or another indirect effect of noise.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akcay, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porsuk, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Avsar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabuk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgin, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Song overlapping, ambient noise and territorial aggression in great tits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808907v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural clusters encoding curvature and corners emerged inmacaque V4 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/808907v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ventral visual pathway is crucially involved in integrating low-level visual features into complex representations for objects and scenes. At an intermediate stage of the ventral visual pathway, V4 plays a crucial role in supporting this transformation. Many V4 neurons are selective for shape segments like curves and corners, however it remains unclear whether these neurons are organized into clustered functional domains, a structural motif common across other visual cortices. Using two-photon calcium imaging in awake macaques, we confirmed and localized cortical domains selective for curves or corners in V4. Single-cell resolution imaging confirmed that curve or corner selective neurons were spatially clustered into such domains. When tested with hexagonal-segment stimuli, we find that stimulus smoothness is the cardinal difference between curve and corner selectivity in V4. Combining cortical population responses with single neuron analysis, our results reveal that curves and corners are encoded by neurons clustered into functional domains in V4. This functionally-specific population architecture bridges the gap between the early and late cortices of the ventral pathway and may serve to facilitate complex object recognition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/808907</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural clusters encoding curvature and corners emerged inmacaque V4]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811505v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/811505v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans routinely integrate affective information from multiple sources. For example, we rarely interpret an emotional facial expression devoid of context. Here, we describe the neural correlates of an affective computation that involves integrating multiple sources, by leveraging the ambiguity and subtle feature-based valence signals found in surprised faces. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants reported the valence of surprised faces modulated by positive or negative sentences. Amygdala activity corresponded to the valence value assigned to each contextually modulated face, with greater activity reflecting more negative ratings. Amygdala activity did not track the valence of the faces or sentences per se. Moreover, the amygdala was functionally coupled with the nucleus accumbens only during face trials preceded by positive contextual cues. These data suggest 1) valence-related amygdala activity reflects the integrated valence values rather than the valence values of each individual component, and 2) amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattek, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/811505</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amygdalostriatal coupling underpins positive but not negative coloring of ambiguous affect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813840v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PhyB induces intron retention and uORF-mediated translational inhibition of PIF3 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/813840v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phytochrome B (phyB) photoreceptor stimulates light responses in plants in part by inactivating repressors of light responses such as phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3). It has been established that activated phyB inhibits PIF3 by rapid protein degradation and decreased transcription. PIF3 protein degradation has been shown to be mediated by EIN3-BINDING F-BOX PROTEIN (EBF) and LIGHT-RESPONSE BTB (LRB) E3 ligases, the latter simultaneously targeting phyB for degradation. In this study, we show that PIF3 level is additionally regulated by alternative splicing and protein translation. Overaccumulation of photo-activated phyB, which occur in the mutant defective for LRB genes under continuous red light (Rc), induces a specific alternative splicing of PIF3 that results in retention of an intron in the 5UTR of PIF3 mRNA. In turn, the upstream opening reading frames (uORF) contained within this intron inhibit PIF3 protein synthesis. The phyB-dependent alternative splicing of PIF3 is diurnally regulated under the short-day light cycle. We hypothesize that this reversible regulatory mechanism may be utilized to fine-tune the level of PIF3 protein in light-grown plants, and may contribute to the oscillation of PIF3 protein abundance under the short-day environment.nnOne Sentence SummaryLight down-regulates PIF3 by multiple mechanisms. We show that phyB induces an alternative splicing event that inhibits PIF3 protein translation, and that is regulated by short-day diurnal cycle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irish, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/813840</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PhyB induces intron retention and uORF-mediated translational inhibition of PIF3]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816157v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic Effects of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Human Offspring 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/816157v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The births of more than 8 million infants have been enabled globally through assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), including conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with either fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen embryo transfer (FET). However, the potential for elevated risks of ART-related disorders persists in adult life, and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are largely uncharacterized. Here, we recruited 100 nuclear families and profiled the DNA methylomes, genome-wide histone modifications and transcriptomes to clarify the inherent extra risks attributable to specific ART procedures. We discovered that IVF-ET seemed to introduce less disturbance into the infant epigenome than IVF-FET or ICSI-ET did. Furthermore, we noted approximately half of the DNA methylomic changes in ART-conceived offspring could be explained by parental background biases. Through removal of the parental effect, we confirmed that ART per se would introduce minor DNA methylation changes locally. More importantly, we found that ART-induced epigenomic alterations were highly enriched in the processes which might contribute to increased incidence of preeclampsia during pregnancy and metabolic syndrome in offspring. Overall, our study provides an epigenetic basis for the potential long-term health risks in ART-conceived offspring that reinforces the need to review all methods of human ART.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X. y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S. y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y. y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L. y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/816157</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic Effects of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Human Offspring]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819409v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Assessment of the Regulation-Modulating Potential for Noncoding Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819409v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale genome-wide association and expression quantitative trait loci studies have identified multiple noncoding variants associated with genetic diseases via affecting gene expression. However, effectively and efficiently pinpointing causal variants remains a serious challenge. Here, we developed CARMEN, a novel algorithm to identify functional noncoding expression-modulating variants. Multiple evaluations demonstrated CARMENs superior performance over state-of-the-art tools. Its higher sensitivity and low false discovery rate enable CARMEN to identify multiple causal expression-modulating variants that other tools simply missed. Meanwhile, benefitting from extensive annotations generated, CARMEN provides mechanism hints on predicted expression-modulating variants, enabling effectively characterizing functional variants involved in gene expression and disease-related phenotypes. CARMEN scales well with the massive datasets and is available online as a Web server at http://carmen.gao-lab.org.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, F.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/819409</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Assessment of the Regulation-Modulating Potential for Noncoding Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ROGUE: an entropy-based universal metric for assessing the purity of single cell population 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/819581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a versatile tool for discovering and annotating cell types and states, but the determination and annotation of cell subtypes is often subjective and arbitrary. Often, it is not even clear whether a given cluster is uniform. Here we present an entropy-based statistic, ROGUE, to accurately quantify the purity of identified cell clusters. We demonstrated that our ROGUE metric is generalizable across datasets, and enables accurate, sensitive and robust assessment of cluster purity on a wide range of simulated and real datasets. Applying this metric to fibroblast and B cell datasets, we identified additional subtypes and demonstrated the application of ROGUE-guided analyses to detect true signals in specific subpopulations. ROGUE can be applied to all tested scRNA-seq datasets, and has important implications for evaluating the quality of putative clusters, discovering pure cell subtypes and constructing comprehensive, detailed and standardized single cell atlas.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/819581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ROGUE: an entropy-based universal metric for assessing the purity of single cell population]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atomic structures determined from digitally defined nanocrystalline regions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanocrystallography has transformed our ability to interrogate the atomic structures of proteins, peptides, organic molecules and materials. By probing atomic level details in ordered sub-10 nm regions of nanocrystals, approaches in scanning nanobeam electron diffraction extend the reach of nanocrystallography and mitigate the need for diffraction from large portions of one or more crystals. We now apply scanning nanobeam electron diffraction to determine atomic structures from digitally defined regions of beam-sensitive peptide nanocrystals. Using a direct electron detector, we record thousands of sparse diffraction patterns over multiple crystal orientations. We assign each pattern to a specific location on a single nanocrystal with axial, lateral and angular coordinates. This approach yields a collection of patterns that represent a tilt series across an angular wedge of reciprocal space: a scanning nanobeam diffraction tomogram. From this diffraction tomogram, we can digitally extract intensities from any desired region of a scan in real or diffraction space, exclusive of all other scanned points. Intensities from multiple regions of a crystal or from multiple crystals can be merged to increase data completeness and mitigate missing wedges. Merged intensities from digitally defined regions of two crystals of a segment from the OsPYL/RCAR5 protein produce fragment-based ab-initio solutions that can be refined to atomic resolution, analogous to structures determined by selected area electron diffraction. In allowing atomic structures to now be determined from digitally outlined regions of a nanocrystal, scanning nanobeam diffraction tomography breaks new ground in nanocrystallography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gallagher-Jones, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bustillo, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ophus, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciston, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minor, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/820274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atomic structures determined from digitally defined nanocrystalline regions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820373v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ModiBodies: A computational method for modifying nanobodies to improve their antigen binding affinity and specificity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820373v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nanobodies are special derivatives of antibodies, which consist of only a single chain. Their hydrophilic side prevents them from having the solubility and aggregation problems of conventional antibodies, and they retain the similar size and affinity of the binding area to the antigen. Nanobodies have become of considerable interest for next-generation biotechnological tools for antigen recognition. They can be easily engineered due to their high stability and compact size. They have three complementarity determining regions, CDRs, which are enlarged to provide a similar binding surface to that of regular antibodies. The binding residues are more exposed to the environment. One common strategy to improve protein solubility is to replace hydrophobic residues with hydrophilic ones on the binding surface which contributes to both stability and solubility of nanobodies.[1] Here, we propose an algorithm that uses the 3D structures of protein-nanobody complexes as the initial structures and by successive mutations in the CDR domains to find optimum binding amino acids for hypervariable residues of CDRs to increase the binding affinity and nanobody selectivity. We used the MDM4-VH9 complex, (PDB id 2VYR), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase from Trypanosoma congolense, (PDB id 5O0W), and human lysozyme, (PDB id 4I0C). as benchmark studies and identified similar amino acid patterns in hypervariable residues of CDRs with experimentally optimized ones. According to this method, better binding nanobodies can be generated by using this algorithm in a short time. We suggest that this method can complement existing immune and synthetic library-based methods, without the need of experiments or large libraries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/820373</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ModiBodies: A computational method for modifying nanobodies to improve their antigen binding affinity and specificity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820647v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis for the binding selectivity of human CDY chromodomains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/820647v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CDY (Chromodomain on the Y) family is a small family of chromodomain containing proteins, whose chromodomains closely resemble those in HP1 and Polycomb. The CDY proteins play an essential role in normal spermatogenesis and brain development. Dysregulation of their expression has been linked to male infertility and various neurological diseases. Like the chromodomains of HP1 and Polycomb, the CDY chromodomains also recognize the lysine-methylated ARKS motif embedded in histone and non-histone proteins. Interestingly, the CDY chromodomains exhibit different binding preferences for the lysine-methylated ARKS motif in different sequence contexts. Here, we present the structural basis for selective binding of CDY1 to H3K9me3 and preferential binding of CDYL2 to H3tK27me3 over H3K27me3. Based on our structural, binding and mutagenesis data, we synthesized a more CDYL1/2 selective peptidic ligand UNC4850. Our work provides critical implications that CDYL1bs role in the regulation of neural development is dependent on its recognition of lysine-methylated ARKS motifs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beldar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lamb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tempel, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/820647</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis for the binding selectivity of human CDY chromodomains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Screening of Tau Protein Kinase Inhibitors in a Tauopathy-relevant cell-based model of Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Oligomerization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal deposition of post-translationally modified tau protein in the human brain. Tauopathies are associated with Alzheimers disease (AD), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and other diseases. Hyperphosphorylation increases tau tendency to aggregate and forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), a pathological hallmark of AD. In this study, okadaic acid (OA, 100 nM), a protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibitor, was treated for 24h in mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) and differentiated rat primary neuronal cortical cell cultures (CTX) to induce tau-hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization as a cell-based tauopathy model. Following the treatments, the effectiveness of different kinase inhibitors was assessed using the tauopathy-relevant tau antibodies through tau-immunoblotting, including the sites: pSer202/pThr205 (AT8), pThr181 (AT270), pSer202 (CP13), pSer396/pSer404 (PHF-1), and pThr231 (RZ3). OA-treated samples induced tau phosphorylation and oligomerization at all tested epitopes, forming a monomeric band (46-67 kDa) and oligomeric bands (170 kDa and 240 kDa). We found that TBB (a casein kinase II inhibitor), AR and LiCl (GSK-3 inhibitors), cyclosporin A (calcineurin inhibitor), and Saracatinib (Fyn kinase inhibitor) caused robust inhibition of OA-induced monomeric and oligomeric p-tau in both N2a and CTX culture. Additionally, a cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitor (Roscovitine) and a calcium chelator (EGTA) showed conflicting results between the two neuronal cultures.This study provides a comprehensive view of potential drug candidates (TBB, CsA, AR, and Saracatinib), and their efficacy against tau hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization processes. These findings warrant further experimentation, possibly including animal models of tauopathies, which may provide a putative Neurotherapy for AD, CTE, and other forms of tauopathy-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yadikar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiello, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurup, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobeissy, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yost, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Screening of Tau Protein Kinase Inhibitors in a Tauopathy-relevant cell-based model of Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Oligomerization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821397v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
6-O-galloylsalidroside, an active ingredient from Acer tegmentosum, ameliorates alcoholic steatosis and liver injury in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/821397v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We previously reported that Acer tegmentosum extract, which is traditionally used to treat liver disease in Korea, may help reduce fat accumulation, improve liver metabolism, and suppress inflammation in alcoholic liver disease. The active ingredient was found to be 6-O-galloylsalidroside, which was isolated from the methanol extract of A. tegmentosum. We hypothesized that 6-O-galloylsalidroside extracted from A. tegmentosum may help protect from liver damage and attenuate hepatic fat accumulation associated with chronic alcohol consumption. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether 6-O-galloylsalidroside can regulate alcoholic fatty liver and liver injury in mice. For this purpose, mice were fed with Lieber-DeCarli 5% ethanol diet for 11 days to induce steatosis and liver injury. Oral 6-O-galloylsalidroside was administered once a day for 11 days. Intrahepatic lipid accumulation caused by alcohol consumption was measured using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatic steatosis was observed histologically in tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Oil Red O. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the triglyceride content in liver homogenates. On magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 6-O-galloylsalidroside appeared to alleviate alcohol-induced steatosis, which was reflected in decreased hepatic and serum triglyceride levels despite ethanol feeding. Furthermore, 6-O-galloylsalidroside treatment was associated with decreased RNA expression of Cd36, which plays an important role in the development of alcoholic steatosis through the hepatic de novo lipogenesis pathway. Furthermore, treatment with 6-O-galloylsalidroside inhibited the expression of cytochrome P4502E1 and attenuated hepatocellular damage, reflected in reduced ALT and AST levels. These findings suggest that 6-O-galloylsalidroside extracted from A. tegmentosum might serve as a bioactive agent for treating alcoholic fatty liver and liver damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, D.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ham, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LEE, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/821397</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[6-O-galloylsalidroside, an active ingredient from Acer tegmentosum, ameliorates alcoholic steatosis and liver injury in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of distinct pathological signatures induced by patient-derived α-synuclein structures in non-human primates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/825216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWDopaminergic neuronal cell death, associated with intracellular -synuclein (-syn)-rich protein aggregates (termed  Lewy bodies), is a well-established characteristic of Parkinsons disease. Much evidence, accumulated from multiple experimental models has suggested that -syn plays a role in PD pathogenesis, not only as a trigger of pathology but also as a mediator of disease progression through pathological spreading. Here we have used a machine learning-based approach to identify unique signatures of neurodegeneration in monkeys induced by distinct -syn pathogenic structures derived from PD patients. Unexpectedly, our results show that, in non-human primates, a small amount of singular -syn aggregates is as toxic as larger amyloid fibrils present in the LBs, thus reinforcing the need for preclinical research in this species. Furthermore, our results provide evidence supporting the true multifactorial nature of PD as multiple causes can induce similar outcome regarding dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bourdenx, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nioche, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dovero, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arotcarena, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porras, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiolat, M.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rougier, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prigent, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aubert, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohic, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandt, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laferriere, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doudnikoff, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kruse, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mollenhauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Novello, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leste-Lasserre, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trigo Damas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goillandeau, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perier, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estrada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Carrillo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Recasens, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaikath, N. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Agnaf, O. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrero Ezquerro, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derkinderen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila Bover, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Obeso, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehay, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bezard, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/825216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of distinct pathological signatures induced by patient-derived α-synuclein structures in non-human primates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LIMD1 phase separation contributes to cellular mechanics and durotaxis by regulating focal adhesion dynamics in response to force 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/828806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanical environement affects cell morphology, differentiation and motility. The ability of cells to follow gradients of extracellular matrix stiffness-durotaxis has been implicated in development, fibrosis, and cancer. Cells sense and respond to extra-cellular mechanical cues through cell-matrix adhesions. Interestingly, the maturation of focal adhesions (FAs) is reciprocally force-dependent. How biomechanical cues dictate the status of cell motility and how FAs coordinate force sensing and self-organization remain enigmatic. LIMD1, a member of the LIM domain proteins, localizes to the FAs and has been reported to negatively regulate the Hippo-YAP pathway in response to tension. Here we identify the force sensitive recruitment of LIMD1 to the FAs. We discover that LIMD1 regulates cell spreading, maintains FA dynamics and cellular force, and is critical for durotaxis. Intriguingly, LIMD1 selectively recruits late but not early FA proteins through phase separation at the FAs under force. We suggest a model in which localization of LIMD1 to the FAs, triggered by mechanical force, serves as a phase separation hub for assembling and organizing late FA proteins, allowing for effective FA maturation and efficient cellular mechano-transduction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/828806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LIMD1 phase separation contributes to cellular mechanics and durotaxis by regulating focal adhesion dynamics in response to force]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/830380v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mul1 suppresses Nlrp3 inflammasome activation through ubiquitination and degradation of Asc 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/830380v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome consisting of three major components, Nlrp3, Asc, and pro-caspase-1, results in the activation of caspase-1 and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of pro-IL-1{beta} and pro-IL-18. To avoid excessive inflammatory response, the Nlrp3 inflammasome has to be precisely controlled. In this study, we show that the mouse mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (Mul1) suppresses Nlrp3 inflammasome activation through ubiquitination and degradation of Asc. In J774A.1 cells, Mul1 overexpression attenuated Nlrp3 activation, whereas Mul1 knockdown augmented Nlrp3 activation in terms of IL-1{beta} secretion and cleavage of pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1{beta}. Mul1 interacted with Asc, and ubiquitinated it at K21, K22, K26, and K55 residues, in a K48-linked manner, leading to proteasomal degradation. Convincingly, Mul1-mediated suppression of Nlrp3 activation was inhibited by K21R-, K22R-, K26R-, K52R-Asc mutants in RAW264.7 cells, when compared with the wild-type Asc. Furthermore, Aim2 inflammasome activation was also inhibited by Mul1 in the wild-type Asc-, but not in mutant Asc-expressing RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Mul1 suppresses Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, through Asc ubiquitination and degradation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, G. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/830380</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mul1 suppresses Nlrp3 inflammasome activation through ubiquitination and degradation of Asc]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metastatic function of METTL18 in breast cancer via actin methylation and Src 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/831701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recently, a SET domain containing 3 (SETD3) was identified as an actin histidine methyltransferase, functioning to control replication and pathogenesis in multiple mouse models for enterovirus infection as well as the regulation of smooth muscle contractility linked to primary dystocia. Here, in this study, we report another type of actin histidine methyltransferase, METTL18, that regulates the metastatic potential of breast cancer in human. Among methyltransferases, METTL18 was highly amplified in human breast cancer. In particular, poor prognosis was associated with high expression of METTL18 in HER2-negative breast cancer patients. This gene product was also found to be a critical component of metastatic responses. Loss of METTL18 expression significantly reduced metastatic responses of breast tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, it was observed that METTL18 increased actin polymerization, upregulated complex formation with HSP90AA1 and Src, enhanced the activity of an intermediate form of Src with tyrosine phosphorylation at both Y416 and Y527, and induced cellular metastatic responses, including morphological change, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in mice. Methylated actin at His73 served as a critical site for interaction with HSP90AA1 and Src to activate p85/PI3K and STAT3. Our findings suggest that METTL18 plays critical roles in metastatic responses of HER2-negative breast cancer cells via actin polymerization and the generation of an intermediate form of Src.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, N. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ratan, Z. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S.-U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paik, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parameswaran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/831701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metastatic function of METTL18 in breast cancer via actin methylation and Src]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared anomalies in cortical reading networks in Chinese and French dyslexic children 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/834945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Are the brain mechanisms of reading acquisition similar across writing systems? And do similar brain anomalies underlie reading disabilities in alphabetic and ideographic reading systems? In a cross-cultural paradigm, we measured the fMRI responses to words, faces and houses of 96 Chinese and French 10-year-old children, half of whom struggle with reading. We observed a reading circuit which was strikingly similar across languages and consisting of the left fusiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, precentral and middle frontal gyri. Activations in some of these areas were modulated either by language or by reading ability, but without interaction between those factors. In various regions previously associated with dyslexia, reading difficulty affected activation similarly in Chinese and French readers, including the middle frontal gyrus, a region previously described as specifically altered in Chinese. Our analyses reveal a large degree of cross-cultural invariance in the neural correlates of reading acquisition and reading disabilities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altarelli, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monzalvo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramus, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dehaene-Lambertz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/834945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared anomalies in cortical reading networks in Chinese and French dyslexic children]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835520v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalizable multivariate brain pattern for interpersonal guilt 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/835520v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Feeling guilty when we have wronged another is a crucial aspect of prosociality, but its neurobiological bases are elusive. Although multivariate patterns of brain activity show promise for developing brain measures linked to specific emotions, it is less clear whether brain activity can be trained to detect more complex social emotional states such as guilt. Here, we identified a distributed Guilt-Related Brain Signature (GRBS) across two independent neuroimaging datasets that used interpersonal interactions to evoke guilt. This signature discriminated conditions associated with interpersonal guilt from closely matched control conditions in a cross-validated training sample (N = 24; Chinese population) and in an independent test sample (N = 19; Swiss population). However, it did not respond to observed or experienced pain, or recalled guilt. Moreover, the GRBS only exhibited weak spatial similarity with other brain signatures of social affective processes, further indicating the specificity of the brain state it represents. These findings provide a step towards developing biological markers of social emotions, which could serve as important tools to investigate guilt-related brain processes in both healthy and clinical populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koban, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vuilleumier, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wager, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/835520</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalizable multivariate brain pattern for interpersonal guilt]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prediction of liquid-liquid phase separation proteins using machine learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/842336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of bio-molecules in cell underpins the formation of membraneless organelles, which are the condensates of protein, nucleic acid, or both, and play critical roles in cellular functions. The dysregulation of LLPS might be implicated in a number of diseases. Although the LLPS of biomolecules has been investigated intensively in recent years, the knowledge of the prevalence and distribution of phase separation proteins (PSPs) is still lag behind. Development of computational methods to predict PSPs is therefore of great importance for comprehensive understanding of the biological function of LLPS. Here, a sequence-based prediction tool using machine learning for LLPS proteins (PSPredictor) was developed. Our model can achieve a maximum 10-CV accuracy of 96.03%, and performs much better in identifying new PSPs than reported PSP prediction tools. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to make a direct and more general prediction on LLPS proteins only based on sequence information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/842336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prediction of liquid-liquid phase separation proteins using machine learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843474v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA Sequencing by Direct Tagmentation of RNA/DNA Hybrids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/843474v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has been widely used to characterize cellular status but it relies on second strand cDNA synthesis to generate initial material for library preparation. Here we use bacterial transposase Tn5, which has been increasingly used in various high-throughput DNA analyses, to construct RNA-seq libraries without second strand synthesis. We show that Tn5 transposome can randomly bind RNA/DNA heteroduplexes and add sequencing adapters onto RNA directly after reverse transcription. This method, Sequencing HEteRo RNA-DNA-hYbrid (SHERRY), is versatile and scalable. SHERRY accepts a wide range of starting materials, from bulk RNA to single cells. SHERRY offers a greatly simplified protocol, and produces results with higher reproducibility and GC uniformity compared with prevailing RNA-seq methods.

Significance StatementRNA sequencing is widely used to measure gene expression in biomedical research; therefore, improvements in the simplicity and accuracy of the technology are desirable. All existing RNA sequencing methods rely on the conversion of RNA into double-stranded DNA through reverse transcription followed by second strand synthesis. The latter step requires additional enzymes and purification, and introduces sequence-dependent bias. Here, we show that Tn5 transposase, which randomly binds and cuts double-stranded DNA, can directly fragment and prime the RNA/DNA heteroduplexes generated by reverse transcription. The primed fragments are then subject to PCR amplification. This provides a new approach for simple and accurate RNA characterization and quantification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/843474</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA Sequencing by Direct Tagmentation of RNA/DNA Hybrids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/844076v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MyD88-Syk axis is a critical determinant for inflammatory response in macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/844076v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition of Syk or MyD88 decreased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and consequent ROS/RNS-induced phagocytic activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Syk inhibition downregulated expression of ROS/RNS-generating enzymes by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa?B) signaling pathway and phagocytic activity by suppressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) via its nitration in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of ROS/RNS generation suppressed SOCS1 nitration, leading to a decrease in the phagocytic activity. Syk was activated by the interaction with MyD88, and the tyrosine 58 residue (Y58) in the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of MyD88 was critical for interaction and consequent activation of Syk in macrophages. Src activated MyD88 by phosphorylation at Y58 via the Src kinase domain. Moreover, LPS-induced formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activation induced Src activation. Conclusivley, these results suggest that the MyD88-Syk axis plays a pivotal role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses by inducing ROS/RNS generation and phagocytic activity via activation of Src and its upstream stimulators, F-actin and Rac1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yi, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aziz, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parameswaran, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/844076</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MyD88-Syk axis is a critical determinant for inflammatory response in macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure based analysis of protein cluster size for super-resolution microscopy in the nervous system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To overcome the diffraction limit and resolve target structures in greater detail, far-field super-resolution techniques such as stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) have been developed, and different STORM algorithms have been developed to deal with the various problems that arise. In particular, the effect of local structure is an important issue. For objects with closely correlated distributions, simple Gaussian-based localization algorithms often used in STORM imaging misinterpret overlapping point spread functions (PSFs) as one and this limits the ability of super-resolution imaging to resolve nanoscale local structures and leading to inaccurate length measurements. In the present study, we proposed a novel, structure-based, super-resolution image analysis method: structure-based analysis (SBA), which combines a structural function and a super-resolution localization algorithm. Using SBA, we estimated the size of fluorescent beads, inclusion proteins, and subtle synaptic structures in both wide-field and STORM images. The results showed that SBA has comparable and often superior performance to commonly used full-width-at-half-maximum parameters. We also demonstrated that SBA provides size estimations that corroborate previously published electron microscopy data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, K.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/845107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure based analysis of protein cluster size for super-resolution microscopy in the nervous system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetic map of the response to DNA damage in human cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/845446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The response to DNA damage is critical for cellular homeostasis, tumor suppression, immunity and gametogenesis. In order to provide an unbiased and global view of the DNA damage response in human cells, we undertook 28 CRISPR/Cas9 screens against 25 genotoxic agents in the retinal pigment epithelium-1 (RPE1) cell line. These screens identified 840 genes whose loss causes either sensitivity or resistance to DNA damaging agents. Mining this dataset, we uncovered that ERCC6L2, which is mutated in a bone-marrow failure syndrome, codes for a canonical non-homologous end-joining pathway factor; that the RNA polymerase II component ELOF1 modulates the response to transcription-blocking agents and that the cytotoxicity of the G-quadruplex ligand pyridostatin involves trapping topoisomerase II on DNA. This map of the DNA damage response provides a rich resource to study this fundamental cellular system and has implications for the development and use of genotoxic agents in cancer therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olivieri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Quilon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schellenberg, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hustedt, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heijink, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sastre-Moreno, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moatti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szilard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McEwan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano-Benitez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ubhi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delgado-Sainz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortes-Ledesma, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durocher, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/845446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetic map of the response to DNA damage in human cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tuning cell motility via cell tension with a mechanochemical cell migration model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/847046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cell migration is orchestrated by a complicated mechanochemical system. However, few cell migration models take account of the coupling between a biochemical network and mechanical factors. Here, we construct a mechanochemical cell migration model to study the cell tension effect on cell migration. Our model incorporates the interactions between Rac-GTP, Rac-GDP, F-actin, myosin, and cell tension, and it is based on phase field approach hence very convenient in describing the cell shape change. This model captures common features of cell polarization, cell shape change, and cell migration modes. It shows cell tension inhibits migration ability monotonically when cells are applied with persistent external stimuli. On the other hand, if random internal noise is significant, the regulation of cell tension exerts a non-monotonic effect on cell migration. As the elevation of cell tension impedes the formation of multiple protrusions hence enhances the streamline position of the cell body. Therefore the migration ability could be maximized at intermediate cell tension under random internal noise. These model predictions are consistent with our singlecell experiments and other experimental results.

Statement of significanceCell migration plays a vital role in many biological processes such as tumor metastasis. It is a complicated process regulated by dynamic coupling between the biochemical network and mechanical forces. However, few cell migration models take account of both factors. Here, we construct a mechanochemical cell migration model to study how cell migration is regulated by cell tension. Our model predicts that cell tension not only inhibits cell movement under persistent external stimuli but also prompts cell migration under random internal noise when cell tension is low. Therefore an optimized cell tension could maximize the migration ability under random internal noise. We further confirmed these model predictions are consistent with our single-cell experiments and other published experimental results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/847046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tuning cell motility via cell tension with a mechanochemical cell migration model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NLRP7 Plays A Functional Role in Regulating BMP4 Signaling During Differentiation of Patient-Derived Trophoblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complete Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a gestational trophoblastic disease resulting in hyper proliferation of trophoblast cells and absence of embryo development. Mutations in the primate specific-maternal effect gene NLRP7 are the major cause of familial recurrent complete HM. Here, we established an in vitro model of HM using NLRP7 deficient patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived trophoblasts. Using whole transcriptome profiling during trophoblast differentiation, we showed that NLRP7 deficiency results in precocious downregulation of pluripotency factors, activation of trophoblast lineage markers and promotes maturation of differentiated extraembryonic cell types such as syncytiotrophoblasts. Interestingly, we found that these phenotypes are dependent on BMP4 signaling and BMP pathway inhibition corrected the excessive trophoblast differentiation of patient derived iPSCs. Our human iPSC model of a genetic placental disease recapitulates aspects of trophoblast biology, highlights the broad utility of iPSC-derived trophoblasts for modeling human placental diseases and identifies NLRP7 as an essential modulator of key developmental cell fate regulators.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garipcan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcimen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suder, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulker, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozoren, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NLRP7 Plays A Functional Role in Regulating BMP4 Signaling During Differentiation of Patient-Derived Trophoblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proprioception is subject-specific and improved without performance feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/850727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence indicates that the humans proprioception map appears subject-specific. However, whether the idiosyncratic pattern persists across time with good within-subject consistency has not been quantitatively examined. Here we measured the proprioception by a hand visual-matching task in multiple sessions over two days. We found that people improved their proprioception when tested repetitively without performance feedback. Importantly, despite the reduction of average error, the spatial pattern of proprioception errors remained idiosyncratic. Based on individuals proprioceptive performance, a standard convolutional neural network classifier could identify people with good accuracy. We also found that subjects baseline proprioceptive performance could not predict their motor performance in a visual trajectory-matching task even though both tasks require accurate mapping of hand position to visual targets in the same workspace. Using a separate experiment, we not only replicated these findings but also ruled out the possibility that performance feedback during a few familiarization trials caused the observed improvement in proprioception. We conclude that the conventional proprioception test itself, even without feedback, can improve proprioception but leave the idiosyncrasy of proprioception unchanged.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/850727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proprioception is subject-specific and improved without performance feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Push-to-open: The Gating Mechanism of the Tethered Mechanosensitive Ion Channel NompC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/853721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NompC was one of the earliest identified mechanosensitive ion channels responsible for the sensation of touch and balance in Drosophila melanogaster. A tethered gating model was proposed for NompC and the Cryo-EM structure has been solved. However, the atomistic mechano-gating mechanism still remains elusive. Here we show the atomistic details of the NompC channel opening in response to the compression of the intracellular domain while remaining closed under an intracellular stretch. This is demonstrated by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and evidenced by electrophysiological experiments. Under intracellular compression, the ankyrin repeat region undergoes a significant conformational change and passes the mechanical force to the linker helices like a spring with a force constant of ~3.3 pN/nm. The linker helix region acts as a bridge between the ankyrin repeats and TRP domain, and most of the mutations breaking the hydrogen bonds around this region lead to the loss-of-function of the channel. Eventually, the compression-induced mechanical force is passed from the linker helices onto the TRP domain, which then undergoes a clockwise rotation that leads to the opening of the channel. This work provides a clear picture of how a pushing force opens the mechanosensitive ion channel NompC, which might be a universal gating mechanism of similar tethered mechanosensitive ion channels, enabling cells to feel and respond to compression or shrinking.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/853721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Push-to-open: The Gating Mechanism of the Tethered Mechanosensitive Ion Channel NompC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/858910v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenicity of urinary tract infection Escherichia coli in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/858910v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major bacterial pathogen that causes urinary tract infections (UTIs). Several virulence factors (VFs) in the bacteria have been associated with the pathogenicity. The mouse is an available UTI model for studying the pathogenicity; however, Caenorhabditis elegans represents as an alternative surrogate host for studying UPEC with the capacity for high-throughput analysis. Therefore, we established a simple assay for a UPEC infection model with C. elegans for large-scale screening. An E. coli culture to be tested and synchronized C. elegans were mixed in 96-well plates, and the pathogenicity was determined by comparison of the turbidity before and after incubation. A total of 133 clinically isolated E. coli strains, which included UTI-associated and fecal isolates, were applied to demonstrate the liquid pathogenicity assay. The E. coli isolates associated with UTIs showed higher pathogenicity in C. elegans than the fecal isolates, suggesting that the simple assay with C. elegans is useful as a UPEC infectious model. From the screening, VFs involved with iron acquisition (chuA, fyuA, and irp2) were significantly associated with high pathogenicity. C. elegans is a heme auxotroph, and iron homeostasis also serves innate immunity in C. elegans. We then evaluated whether the VFs in UPEC were involved in the pathogenicity. Mutants of E. coli UTI89 with defective iron acquisition systems were applied to a solid killing assay with C. elegans. As a result, the survival rate of C. elegans fed with the mutants significantly increased compared to when fed with the parent strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of iron acquisition in the pathogenicity of UPEC in a C. elegans model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/858910</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenicity of urinary tract infection Escherichia coli in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An optimized acetylcholine sensor for monitoring in vivo cholinergic activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/861690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability to directly measure acetylcholine (ACh) release is an essential first step towards understanding its physiological function. Here we optimized the GRABACh (GPCR-Activation-Based-ACh) sensor with significantly improved sensitivity and minimal downstream coupling. Using this sensor, we measured in-vivo cholinergic activity in both Drosophila and mice, revealing compartmental ACh signals in fly olfactory center and single-trial ACh dynamics in multiple regions of the mice brain under a variety of different behaviors
]]></description>
<dc:creator>jing, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skirzewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saksida, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prado, V. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bussey, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prado, M. A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/861690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An optimized acetylcholine sensor for monitoring in vivo cholinergic activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/867408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidation of the determinant for orchestration of solo unisexual cycle in an important human fungal pathogen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/867408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In fungi, the sex-determination program universally directs sexual development and syngamy (the fusion of gametes) that underlies pre-meiotic diploidization. However, the contribution of sex-determination to syngamy-independent sexual cycle, which requires autopolyploidization as an alternative approach to elevate ploidy before meiosis, remains unclear in fungi and other eukaryotes. The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, as a model organism for studying fungal sexual reproduction, can undergo syngamy-dependent bisexual and syngamy-independent solo unisexual reproduction, in which endoreplication is considered to enable pre-meiotic self-diploidization. Here, by characterizing a mutant lacking all the core sex-determination factors, we show that sex-determination plays a central role in bisexual syngamy but is not strictly required for unisexual development and self-diploidization. This implies an unknown circuit, rather than the sex-determination program, for specifically coordinating Cryptococcus unisexual cycle. We reveal that syngamy and self-diploidization are both governed by the Qsp1-directed paracrine system via two regulatory branches, Vea2 and Cqs2. Vea2 directs bisexual syngamy through the sex-determination program; conversely, Cqs2 is dispensable for bisexual syngamy but activates unisexual endoreplication. Through functional profiling of 41 transcription factors documented to regulate Cryptococcus sexual development, we reveal that only Cqs2 can drive and integrate all unisexual phases and ensure the production of meiospore progenies. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis together with genetic evaluation indicate that Cqs2 induces unisexual self-diploidization through its direct control of PUM1, whose expression is sufficient to drive autopolyploidization. Therefore, Cqs2 serves as the critical determinant that orchestrates Cryptococcus multistage unisexual cycle that does not strictly require the sexual-determination program.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/867408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidation of the determinant for orchestration of solo unisexual cycle in an important human fungal pathogen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The dynamic transmission of positional information in stau- mutants during Drosophila embryogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/868711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intriguingly, the developmental patterning during Drosophila embryogenesis is highly accurate and robust despite its dynamic changes and constant fluctuations. It has been suggested that Staufen (Stau) is key in controlling the boundary variability of the gap protein Hunchback (Hb). However, its underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we have developed methods to quantify the dynamic 3D expression of segmentation genes in Drosophila embryos. With improved control of measurement errors, our results reveal that the posterior boundary of the Hb anterior domain (xHb) of stau- mutants shows comparable variability to that of the wild type (WT) and shifts posteriorly by nearly 12% of the embryo length (EL) to the WT position in the nuclear cycle (nc) 14. This observed large shift might contribute significantly to the apparent large variability of xHb in previous studies. Moreover, for stau- mutants, the upstream Bicoid (Bcd) gradients show equivalent gradient noise to that of the WT in nc12-nc14, and the downstream Even-skipped (Eve) and cephalic furrow (CF) show the same positional errors as the WT. Our results indicate that threshold-dependent activation and self-organized filtering are not mutually exclusive but could both be implemented in early Drosophila embryogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/868711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The dynamic transmission of positional information in stau- mutants during Drosophila embryogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative assessment of bovine serum albumin proteins for blocking applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/869677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is one of the most widely used protein reagents in the scientific community, especially for surface passivation ("blocking") applications in various bioassays. Numerous BSA protein options are commercially available, however, there is scarce information about which ones are preferable for blocking applications. Herein, we conducted biophysical and bioassay measurements to quantitatively compare the conformational, adsorption, and blocking properties of BSA protein reagents that were obtained through six purification methods. Depending on the method, there were significant differences in the conformational and adsorption properties of BSA proteins, mainly due to the presence of fatty acid stabilizers. In turn, we discovered that fatty acid-free BSA proteins exhibit superior blocking performance to fatty acid-stabilized BSA proteins in surface- and nanoparticle-based bioassays. We critically discuss mechanistic factors behind these performance variations and our findings offer a practical framework to guide BSA selection for blocking applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferhan, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, N.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/869677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative assessment of bovine serum albumin proteins for blocking applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parkinson's disease associated mutation E46K of α-synuclein triggers the formation of a novel fibril structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
-Synuclein (-syn) amyloid fibril, as the major component of Lewy bodies and pathological entity spreading in human brain, is closely associated with Parkinsons disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Several single amino-acid mutations (e.g. E46K) of -syn have been identified causative to the early onset of familial PD. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of a full-length -syn fibril formed by N-terminal acetylated E46K mutant -syn (Ac-E46K). The fibril structure represents a new fold of -syn, which demonstrates that the E46K mutation breaks the electrostatic interactions in the wild type (WT) -syn fibril and thus triggers the rearrangement of the overall structure. Furthermore, we show that the Ac-E46K fibril is less resistant to harsh conditions and protease cleavage, and more prone to be fragmented with a higher capability of seeding fibril formation than that of the WT fibril. Our work provides a structural view to the severe pathology of the PD familial mutation E46K of -syn and highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions in defining the fibril polymorphs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-d.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parkinson's disease associated mutation E46K of α-synuclein triggers the formation of a novel fibril structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Astrocytic mechanism of glutamate modulation underlying synchronous bursting in cortical cultures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/870915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synchronous bursting (SB) is ubiquitous in neuronal networks. It is known for a long time that SB is driven by glutamatergic neurotransmissions but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Recent studies show that local glutamate recycle by astrocytes can affect neuronal activities nearby. Since SB is independent of network structure, it is conceivable that the local dynamics might also be the origin of SB in networks. We investigated the effects of local glutamate dynamics on SBs in both cultures developed on multi-electrode array (MEA) systems and a tripartite synapse simulation model. In our experiments, local glutamate recycle dynamics are studied by pharmacologically targeting the astrocytic glutamate transporters (GLT-1), while neuronal firing activities and synaptic glutamate level are simultaneously monitored with MEA and glutamate sensor (iGluSnFR) expressed on surface of astrocytes respectively. We found SBs to be synchronized with glutamate transients and the manipulation of local glutamate dynamics can indeed alter the global properties of the SBs. Detailed simulation of a network with astrocytic glutamate uptake and recycle mechanisms conforming with the experimental observations revealed that astrocytes function as a slow negative feedback for the neuronal activities in the network. With this model, SB can be understood as the alternation between the positive and negative feedback in the neurons and astrocytes in the network respectively. An understanding of this glutamate trafficking dynamics is of general application to explain disordered phenomena in neuronal systems, and therefore can provide new insights into the origin of fatal seizure-like behavior.

SignificanceSynchronous bursting (SB) is a hallmark of neuronal circuits. Contrary to the common belief that the SB is governed mainly by neuron-neuron interactions, this study shows that SBs are orchestrated through a generic neuron-astrocyte tripartite interactions. These interactions, identified as glutamate uptake and recycle processes in astrocytes, control the excitability of neuronal networks and shape the overall SB patterns. Our simulation results suggest that astrocytes traffic more glutamate than neurons and actively regulating glutamate proceedings around synapses. A bipartite synapse is a good approximation of a tripartite synapse provided that astrocyte-dependent glutamate content is taken into account. Our findings provide key insights into the ubiquity of SB and the origin of fatal seizure-like behavior in brain arising from astrocytic malfunction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tzeng, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2019-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/870915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Astrocytic mechanism of glutamate modulation underlying synchronous bursting in cortical cultures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2019-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autoimmunity associated allele of tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 enhances anti-viral immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.28.546768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractThe 1858C>T allele of the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 is present in 5-10% of the North American population and is strongly associated with numerous autoimmune diseases. Although research has been done to define how this allele potentiates autoimmunity, the influence PTPN22 and its pro-autoimmune allele has in anti-viral immunity remains poorly defined. Here, we use single cell RNA- sequencing and functional studies to interrogate the impact of this pro- autoimmune allele on anti-viral immunity during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus clone 13 (LCMV-cl13) infection. Mice homozygous for this allele (PEP- 619WW) clear the LCMV-cl13 virus whereas wildtype (PEP-WT) mice cannot. This is associated with enhanced anti-viral CD4 T cell responses and a more immunostimulatory CD8- cDC phenotype. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that PEP-619WW enhanced anti-viral CD4 T cell function through virus-specific CD4 T cell intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Taken together, our data show that the pro-autoimmune allele of Ptpn22 drives a beneficial anti-viral immune response thereby preventing what is normally a chronic virus infection.

Author SummaryPTPN22 and its alternative allele, 1858C>T, has largely been studied in the context of autoimmunity. Through these studies, researchers defined roles for PTPN22 in regulating T lymphocyte activation, myeloid cell cytokine production, and macrophage polarization. Despite these immune pathways being critical for anti-viral immunity, little work has studied how this allele impacts virus infection. In this study, we examine gene expression and function of immune cell subsets to demonstrate how a common allelic variant of PTPN22, which strongly increases the risk of autoimmune disease, promotes successful clearance of an otherwise chronic viral infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Orozco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquardt, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratumchai, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mowen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domissy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teijaro, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherman, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.28.546768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autoimmunity associated allele of tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 enhances anti-viral immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546885v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interaction between host G3BP and viral nucleocapsid protein regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546885v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G3BP1/2 are paralogous proteins that promote stress granule formation in response to cellular stresses, including viral infection. G3BP1/2 are prominent interactors of the nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the functional consequences of the G3BP1-N interaction in the context of viral infection remain unclear. Here we used structural and biochemical analyses to define the residues required for G3BP1-N interaction, followed by structure-guided mutagenesis of G3BP1 and N to selectively and reciprocally disrupt their interaction. We found that mutation of F17 within the N protein led to selective loss of interaction with G3BP1 and consequent failure of the N protein to disrupt stress granule assembly. Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 bearing an F17A mutation resulted in a significant decrease in viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo, indicating that the G3BP1-N interaction promotes infection by suppressing the ability of G3BP1 to form stress granules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meliopoulos, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koreski, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hixon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duffner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lemieux, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lokugamage, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvardo, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crocquet-Valdes, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plante, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz-Cherry, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menachery, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.546885</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interaction between host G3BP and viral nucleocapsid protein regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546982v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MicroRNA-122-mediated liver detargeting enhances the tissue specificity of cardiac genome editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.546982v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe cardiac troponin T (Tnnt2) promoter is broadly utilized for cardiac specific gene expression, particularly via adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene transfer. However, these vectors drive lower-level ectopic gene expression in other tissues, most notably in the liver. Whether the AAV-Tnnt2 vectors remain tissue-specific in applications sensitive to low or transient gene expression, such as gene editing, remains unclear.

MethodsThe tissue specificity of AAV9-Tnnt2 vectors was evaluated in mice using Cre-LoxP-based fluorescence reporters and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated somatic mutagenesis. CRISPR/Cas9-triggered AAV integration into host genome was further assessed by quantitative PCR.

ResultsIn mice treated with AAV-Tnnt2-GFP, GFP signal was specifically observed in the heart by confocal imaging. However, when AAV-Tnnt2-Cre was administered to mice carrying LoxP-STOP-LoxP fluorescence reporters, the reporter signals were observed in up to 50% hepatic cells. Similarly, the AAV-Tnnt2-SaCas9 vector extensively edited the hepatic genome as measured by targeted amplicon-sequencing. Cas9-triggered AAV integration into the host genome was also validated in the liver. Inclusion of target sequences for microRNA-122, a highly expressed, liver-specific microRNA, in the AAV transgenes 3 untranslated region (3 UTR) markedly reduced ectopic transgene expression, genome editing and AAV integration in the liver.

ConclusionsThe heavily used AAV-Tnnt2 system exhibits liver leakiness that severely impairs the cardiac specificity of AAV-based genetic manipulation. This problem can be mitigated via miR122-mediated liver detargeting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.546982</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MicroRNA-122-mediated liver detargeting enhances the tissue specificity of cardiac genome editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shape-changing electrode array for minimally invasive large-scale intracranial brain activity mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.29.547140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale brain activity mapping is important for understanding the neural basis of behaviour. Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) have high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality. However, the invasiveness and surgical risks of electrode array implantation limit its application scope. We developed an ultrathin, flexible shape-changing electrode array (SCEA) for large-scale ECoG mapping with minimal invasiveness. SCEAs were inserted into cortical surfaces in compressed states through small openings in the skull or dura and fully expanded to cover large cortical areas. MRI and histological studies on rats proved the minimal invasiveness of the implantation process and the high chronic biocompatibility of the SCEAs. High-quality micro-ECoG activities mapped with SCEAs from rodent brains during seizures and canine brains during the emergence period revealed the spatiotemporal organization of different brain states with resolution and bandwidth that cannot be achieved using existing noninvasive techniques. The biocompatibility and ability to map large-scale physiological and pathological cortical activities with high spatiotemporal resolution, bandwidth, and signal quality in a minimally invasive manner offer SCEAs as a superior tool for applications ranging from fundamental brain research to brain-machine interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.29.547140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shape-changing electrode array for minimally invasive large-scale intracranial brain activity mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying distinct neural features between the initial and corrective phases of precise reaching using AutoLFADS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.06.30.547252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many initial movements require subsequent corrective movements, but how motor cortex transitions to make corrections and how similar the encoding is to initial movements is unclear. In our study, we explored how the brains motor cortex signals both initial and corrective movements during a precision reaching task. We recorded a large population of neurons from two male rhesus macaques across multiple sessions to examine the neural firing rates during not only initial movements but also subsequent corrective movements. AutoLFADS, an auto-encoder-based deep-learning model, was applied to provide a clearer picture of neurons activity on individual corrective movements across sessions. Decoding of reach velocity generalized poorly from initial to corrective submovements. Unlike initial movements, it was challenging to predict the velocity of corrective movements using traditional linear methods in a single, global neural space. We identified several locations in the neural space where corrective submovements originated after the initial reaches, signifying firing rates different than the baseline before initial movements. To improve corrective movement decoding, we demonstrate that a state-dependent decoder incorporating the population firing rates at the initiation of correction improved performance, highlighting the diverse neural features of corrective movements. In summary, we show neural differences between initial and corrective submovements and how the neural activity encodes specific combinations of velocity and position. These findings are inconsistent with assumptions that neural correlations with kinematic features are global and independent, emphasizing that traditional methods often fall short in describing these diverse neural processes for online corrective movements.

Significance StatementWe analyzed submovement neural population dynamics during precision reaching. Using an auto- encoder-based deep-learning model, AutoLFADS, we examined neural activity on a single-trial basis. Our study shows distinct neural dynamics between initial and corrective submovements. We demonstrate the existence of unique neural features within each submovement class that encode complex combinations of position and reach direction. Our study also highlights the benefit of state-specific decoding strategies, which consider the neural firing rates at the onset of any given submovement, when decoding complex motor tasks such as corrective submovements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karpowicz, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandarinath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.06.30.547252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying distinct neural features between the initial and corrective phases of precise reaching using AutoLFADS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Grapevine bacterial communities across the Central Valley of California 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant organs (compartments) host distinct microbiota which shift in response to variation in both development and climate. Grapevines are woody perennial crops that are clonally propagated and cultivated across vast geographic areas, and as such, their microbial communities may also reflect site-specific influences. These site-specific influences, and the microbial differences across site compose  terroir, the environmental influence on wine produced in a given region. Commercial grapevines are typically composed of a genetically distinct root (rootstock) grafted to a shoot system (scion) which adds an additional layer of complexity. In order to understand spatial and temporal patterns of bacterial diversity in grafted grapevines, we used 16S rRNA metabarcoding to quantify soil and compartment microbiota (berries, leaves, and roots) for grafted grapevines in commercial vineyards across three counties in the Central Valley of California over two successive growing seasons. Community composition revealed compartment-specific dynamics. Roots assembled site-specific bacterial communities that reflect rootstock genotype and environment influences, whereas bacterial communities of leaves and berries displayed associations with time. These results provide further evidence of a microbial terroir within the grapevine root systems but also reveal that the microbiota of above-ground compartments are only weakly associated with the local microbiome in the Central Valley of California.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migicovsky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trello, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.01.547327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Grapevine bacterial communities across the Central Valley of California]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547363v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Biological Evaluations of a Non-Nucleoside STING Agonist Specific for Human STING-A230 Variants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547363v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Previously we identified a non-nucleotide tricyclic agonist BDW568 that activates human STING (stimulator of interferon genes) gene variant containing A230 in a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). STINGA230 alleles, including HAQ and AQ, are less common STING variants in human population. To further characterize the mechanism of BDW568, we obtained the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of STINGA230 complexed with BDW-OH (active metabolite of BDW568) at 1.95 [A] resolution and found the planar tricyclic structure in BDW-OH dimerizes in the STING binding pocket and mimics the two nucleobases of the endogenous STING ligand 2,3-cGAMP. This binding mode also resembles a known synthetic ligand of human STING, MSA-2, but not another tricyclic mouse STING agonist DMXAA. Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies revealed that all three heterocycles in BDW568 and the S-acetate side chain are critical for retaining the compounds activity. BDW568 could robustly activate the STING pathway in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with STINGA230 genotype from healthy individuals. We also observed BDW568 could robustly activate type I interferon signaling in purified human primary macrophages that were transduced with lentivirus expressing STINGA230, suggesting its potential use to selectively activate genetically engineered macrophages in macrophage-based approaches, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-macrophage immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraju, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tien, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.02.547363</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Biological Evaluations of a Non-Nucleoside STING Agonist Specific for Human STING-A230 Variants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547340v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Initial and corrective submovement encoding differences within primary motor cortex during precision reaching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.01.547340v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precision reaching tasks often require corrective submovements for successful completion. Most studies of reaching have focused on single initial movements, and the cortical encoding model was implied to be the same for all submovements. However, corrective submovements may show different encoding patterns from the initial submovement with distinct patterns of activation across the population. Two rhesus macaques performed a precision center-out-task with small targets. Neural activity from single units in primary motor cortex and associated behavioral data were recorded to evaluate movement characteristics. Neural population data and individual neuronal firing rates identified with a peak finding algorithm to identify peaks in hand speed were examined for encoding differences between initial and corrective submovements. Individual neurons were fitted with a regression model that included the reach vector, position, and speed to predict firing rate. For both initial and corrective submovements, the largest effect remained movement direction. We observed a large subset changed their preferred direction greater than 45{degrees} between initial and corrective submovements. Neuronal depth of modulation also showed considerable variation when adjusted for movement speed. By utilizing principal component analysis, neural trajectories of initial and corrective submovements progressed through different neural subspaces. These findings all suggest that different neural encoding patterns exist for initial and corrective submovements within the cortex. We hypothesize that this variation in how neurons change to encode small, corrective submovements might allow for a larger portion of the neural space being used to encode a greater range of movements with varying amplitudes and levels of precision.

New and NoteworthyNeuronal recordings matched with kinematic behavior were collected in a precision center-out task that often required corrective movements. We reveal large differences in preferred direction and depth of modulation between initial and corrective submovements across the neural population. We then present a model of the neural population describing how these shifts in tuning create different subspaces for signaling initial and corrective movements likely to improve motor precision.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schwartze, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.01.547340</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Initial and corrective submovement encoding differences within primary motor cortex during precision reaching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A simplified femtosecond laser repetition frequency divider for two-photon imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.02.547378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Commercial Ti:Sapphire femtosecond lasers used for conventional two-photon microscopy typically operate at a [~]80 MHz repetition rate. However, this frequency is often suboptimal for cortical tissue imaging, where lower rates of 20-40 MHz are considered ideal. However, achieving these lower frequencies has remained a significant technical and financial challenge. Here, we present a compact, cost-effective resonant electro-optic modulator that halves the laser repetition rate to 40 MHz. When imaging neurons in the macaque visual cortex in vivo, this 40 MHz configuration yielded a >2-fold increase in fluorescence intensity and a [~]3 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for both green (GCaMP5G) and red (mScarlet) indicators. This enhancement proved particularly pronounced in deep-tissue imaging. Furthermore, the system demonstrated excellent long-term stability and induced no detectable phototoxicity. This simple and robust device represents a powerful upgrade for conventional two-photon microscopes, significantly enhancing imaging quality for the investigation of neural circuits within scattering brain tissue.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.02.547378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A simplified femtosecond laser repetition frequency divider for two-photon imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ColabDock: inverting AlphaFold structure prediction model for protein-protein docking with experimental restraints 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prediction of protein complex structures and interfaces potentially has wide applications and can benefit the study of biological mechanisms involving protein-protein interactions. However, the surface prediction accuracy of traditional docking methods and AlphaFold-Multimer is limited. Here we present ColabDock, a framework that makes use of ColabDesign, but reimplements it for the purpose of restrained complex conformation prediction. With a generation-prediction architecture and trained ranking model, ColabDock outperforms HADDOCK and ClusPro not only in complex structure predictions with simulated residue and surface restraints, but also in those assisted by NMR chemical shift perturbation as well as covalent labeling. It further assists antibody-antigen interface prediction with emulated interface scan restraints, which could be obtained by experiments such as Deep Mutation Scan. ColabDock provides a general approach to integrate sparse interface restraints of different experimental forms and sources into one optimization framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ovchinnikov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ColabDock: inverting AlphaFold structure prediction model for protein-protein docking with experimental restraints]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547720v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Cerebellar Population Coding Model for Sensorimotor Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547720v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cerebellum is crucial for sensorimotor adaptation, using error information to keep the sensorimotor system well-calibrated. Here we introduce a population-coding model to explain how cerebellar-dependent learning is modulated by contextual variation. The model consists of a two-layer network, designed to capture activity in both the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. A core feature of the model is that within each layer, the processing units are tuned to both movement direction and the direction of movement error. The model captures a large range of contextual effects including interference from prior learning and the influence of error uncertainty and volatility. While these effects have traditionally been taken to indicate meta learning or context-dependent memory within the adaptation system, our results show that they are emergent properties that arise from the population dynamics within the cerebellum. Our results provide a novel framework to understand how the nervous system responds to variable environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547720</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Cerebellar Population Coding Model for Sensorimotor Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust prediction of patient outcomes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer using common clinical, pathologic, and genomic features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.04.547697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the revolutionary impact of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer treatment, accurately predicting patients responses remains elusive. We analyzed eight cohorts of 2881 ICB-treated patients across 18 solid tumor types, the largest dataset to date, examining diverse clinical, pathologic, and genomic features. We developed the LOgistic Regression-based Immunotherapy-response Score (LORIS) using a transparent, compact 6-feature logistic regression model. LORIS outperforms previous signatures in ICB response prediction and can identify responsive patients, even those with low tumor mutational burden or tumor PD-L1 expression. Importantly, LORIS consistently predicts both objective responses and short-term and long-term survival across most cancer types. Moreover, LORIS showcases a near-monotonic relationship with ICB response probability and patient survival, enabling more precise patient stratification across the board. As our method is accurate, interpretable, and only utilizes a few readily measurable features, we anticipate it will help improve clinical decision-making practices in precision medicine to maximize patient benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sfreddo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhruba, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chowell, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, L. G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruppin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.04.547697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust prediction of patient outcomes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer using common clinical, pathologic, and genomic features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepCristae, a CNN for the restoration of mitochondria cristae in live microscopy images 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria play an essential role in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells. However, we still dont know how their ultrastructure, like the cristae of the inner membrane, dynamically evolves to regulate these fundamental functions, in response to external conditions or during interaction with other cell components. Although high-resolution fluorescent microscopy coupled with recently developed innovative probes can reveal this structural organization, their long-term, fast and live 3D imaging remains challenging. To address this problem, we have developed a convolutional neural network, called DeepCristae, to restore mitochondria cristae in low spatial resolution microscopy images. Our network is trained from 2D STED images using a novel loss specifically designed for cristae restoration. To efficiently increase the size of the training set, we also developed a random image patch sampling centered on mitochondrial areas. To evaluate DeepCristae, quantitative assessments were carried out using metrics we derived by focusing on the mitochondria and cristae pixels rather than on the whole image as usual. Depending on the conditions of use indicated, DeepCristae works well on broad microscopy modalities (Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED), Live-SR, AiryScan and Lattice Light Sheet Microscopy). It is ultimately applied in the context of mitochondrial network dynamics during interaction with endo/lysosome membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Papereux, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leconte, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valades-Cruz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumont, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salamero, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kervrann, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badoual, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepCristae, a CNN for the restoration of mitochondria cristae in live microscopy images]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547829v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vitro reconstitution of the M.tb proteasome core particle reveals conserved aspects of bacterial proteasome assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.05.547829v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
According to the WHO, one in three people in the world has a latent tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). The development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis indicates a need for novel treatments. Hence, it is important to find a second line of treatment for patients infected with MDR tuberculosis. The proteasome is known to be necessary for survival under stress and pathogenicity in M.tb. However, our ability to use the proteasome as drug target has been limited by our abilities to screen for inhibitor compounds in vitro. The proteasome is a protease complex that degrades proteins and is crucial for the maintenance of protein homeostasis within cells. Like many protein complexes, the proteasome must assemble into a specific quaternary structure in order to be active. Specifically, the proteolytically-active proteasome Core Particle (CP) consists of 28 subunits (14  and 14 {beta}) that must assemble into a barrel-like structure in order to become catalytically active. Hence, understanding the assembly process in not only important from a basic cell biological perspective, but may also serve as the basis for the discovery of novel assembly inhibitors. In this study, we have established for the first time a protocol to express and purify the M.tb  and {beta} subunits separately in vitro. The subunits are soluble monomers on purification and only assemble into active CPs upon reconstitution. Our assembly experiments revealed that M.tb CP assembly pathway is almost certainly identical to that seen in previous experiments on the CP from the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis (R.e), but assembly in M.tb is much slower. Interestingly, we found that subunits from M.tb and R.e spontaneously self-assembled into active hybrid proteasomes on reconstitution with each other, despite having only 65% sequence similarity. Our work thus strongly suggests that the CP assembly pathway is conserved across bacteria, and the ability to perform in vitro assembly experiments on the M.tb proteasome opens up the possibility of performing critical experiments, including screening for potential molecules that could inhibit assembly, directly in this clinically-relevant organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kante, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deeds, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.05.547829</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vitro reconstitution of the M.tb proteasome core particle reveals conserved aspects of bacterial proteasome assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interindividual differences in pain can be explained by fMRI, sociodemographic, and psychological factors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.06.547919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In a recent article, Hoeppli et al. (2022) reported that sociodemographic and psychological factors were not associated with interindividual differences in reported pain intensity. In addition, the interindividual differences in pain could not be detected by thermal pain-evoked brain activities measured by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Their comprehensive analyses provided convincing evidence for these null findings, but here we provide another look at their conclusions by analyzing their behavioral data and a large-scale fMRI dataset involving thermal pain (N = 124). Our main findings are as follows: First, a multiple regression model incorporating all available sociodemographic and psychological measures could significantly predict the interindividual differences in reported pain intensity. The key to achieving a significant prediction was including multiple individual difference measures in a single model. Second, with fMRI data from a relatively homogeneous group of 124 participants, we could identify brain regions and a multivariate pattern-based predictive model significantly correlated with the interindividual differences in reported pain intensity. Our results, along with the findings of Hoeppli et al., highlight the challenge of predicting interindividual differences in pain, but also suggest that it is not an impossible task.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woo, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.06.547919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interindividual differences in pain can be explained by fMRI, sociodemographic, and psychological factors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548406v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of aluminum-salt, CpG and emulsion adjuvants on the stability and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.10.548406v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Second-generation COVID-19 vaccines with improved immunogenicity (e.g., breadth, duration) and availability (e.g., lower costs, refrigerator stable) are needed to enhance global coverage. In this work, we formulated a clinical-stage SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate (IVX-411) with widely available adjuvants. Specifically, we assessed the in vitro storage stability and in vivo mouse immunogenicity of IVX-411 formulated with aluminum-salt adjuvants (Alhydrogel, AH and Adjuphos, AP), without or with the TLR-9 agonist CpG-1018 (CpG), and compared these profiles to IVX-411 adjuvanted with an oil-in-water nano-emulsion (AddaVax, AV). Although IVX-411 bound both AH and AP, lower binding strength of antigen to AP was observed by Langmuir binding isotherms. Interestingly, AH- and AP-adsorbed IVX-411 had similar storage stability profiles as measured by antigen binding assays (competitive ELISAs), but the latter displayed higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers (pNT) in mice, at levels comparable to titers elicited by AV-adjuvanted IVX-411. CpG addition to alum (AP or AH) resulted in a marginal trend of improved pNTs in stressed samples only, yet did not impact the storage stability profiles of IVX-411. In contrast, previous work with AH-formulations of a monomeric RBD antigen showed greatly improved immunogenicity and decreased stability upon CpG addition to alum. At elevated temperatures (25, 37{degrees}C), IVX-411 formulated with AH or AP displayed decreased in vitro stability compared to AV-formulated IVX-411and this rank-ordering correlated with in vivo performance (mouse pNT values). This case study highlights the importance of optimizing antigen-adjuvant interactions to develop low cost, aluminum-salt adjuvanted recombinant subunit vaccine candidates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kumru, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajoria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hickey, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Slyke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lien, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleanthous, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantis, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.10.548406</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of aluminum-salt, CpG and emulsion adjuvants on the stability and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene expression variation underlying tissue-specific response to copper stress in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.12.548746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copper is one of a handful of biologically necessary heavy metals that is also a common environmental pollutant. Under normal conditions, copper ions are required for many key physiological processes. However, in excess, copper quickly results in cell and tissue damage that can range in severity from temporary injury to permanent neurological damage. Because of its biological relevance, and because many conserved copper-responsive genes also respond to other non-essential heavy metal pollutants, copper resistance in Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model system with which to investigate the genetic control of the response to heavy metal stress. Because heavy metal toxicity has the potential to differently impact specific tissues, we genetically characterized the control of the gene expression response to copper stress in a tissue- specific manner in this study. We assessed the copper stress response in head and gut tissue of 96 inbred strains from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR) using a combination of differential expression analysis and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping. Differential expression analysis revealed clear patterns of tissue-specific expression, primarily driven by a more pronounced gene expression response in gut tissue. eQTL mapping of gene expression under control and copper conditions as well as for the change in gene expression following copper exposure (copper response eQTL) revealed hundreds of genes with tissue- specific local cis-eQTL and many distant trans-eQTL. eQTL associated with MtnA, Mdr49, Mdr50, and Sod3 exhibited genotype by environment effects on gene expression under copper stress, illuminating several tissue- and treatment-specific patterns of gene expression control. Together, our data build a nuanced description of the roles and interactions between allelic and expression variation in copper-responsive genes, provide valuable insight into the genomic architecture of susceptibility to metal toxicity, and highlight many candidate genes for future functional characterization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Everman, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.12.548746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene expression variation underlying tissue-specific response to copper stress in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TW68, Cryptochromes stabilizer, regulates fasting blood glucose level in ob/ob and fat-induced diabetic mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cryptochromes (CRYs), transcriptional repressors of the circadian clock in mammals, inhibit cAMP production when glucagon activates G-protein coupled receptors. Therefore, molecules that modulate CRYs have the potential to regulate gluconeogenesis. In this study, we discovered a new molecule called TW68 that interacts with the primary pockets of mammalian CRY1/2, leading to reduced ubiquitination levels and increased stability. In cell-based circadian rhythm assays using U2OS:Bmal1-dLuc cells, TW68 extended the period length of the circadian rhythm. Additionally, TW68 decreased the transcriptional levels of two genes, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) and Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), which play crucial roles in glucose biosynthesis during glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in HepG2 cells. Oral administration of TW68 in mice showed good tolerance, a good pharmacokinetic profile, and remarkable bioavailability. Finally, when administered to fasting ob/ob and fat-induced diabetic animals, TW68 reduced blood glucose levels by enhancing CRY stabilization and subsequently decreasing the transcriptional levels of Pck1 and G6pc. These findings collectively demonstrate the antidiabetic efficacy of TW68 in vivo, suggesting its therapeutic potential for controlling fasting glucose levels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Surme, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akyel, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savglug Ipek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akarlar, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taskin, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turkay, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goren, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baris, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okyar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TW68, Cryptochromes stabilizer, regulates fasting blood glucose level in ob/ob and fat-induced diabetic mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.547583v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling Hidden Connections in Omics Data via pyPARAGON: an Integrative Hybrid Approach for Disease Network Construction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.547583v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omics technologies are powerful tools for detecting dysregulated and altered signaling components in various contexts, encompassing disease states, patients, and drug-perturbations. Network inference or reconstruction algorithms play an integral role in the successful analysis and identification of causal relationships between omics hits. However, accurate representation of signaling networks and identification of context-specific interactions within sparse omics datasets in complex interactomes pose significant challenges in integrative approaches. To address these challenges, we present pyPARAGON (PAgeRAnk-flux on Graphlet-guided network for multi-Omic data integratioN), a novel tool that combines network propagation with graphlets. By leveraging network motifs instead of pairwise connections among proteins, pyPARAGON offers improved accuracy and reduces the inclusion of nonspecific interactions in signaling networks. Through comprehensive evaluations on benchmark cancer signaling pathways, we demonstrate that pyPARAGON outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in node propagation and edge inference. Furthermore, pyPARAGON exhibits promising performance in discovering cancer driver networks. Notably, we demonstrate its utility in network-based stratification of patient tumors by integrating phosphoproteomic data from 105 breast cancer tumors with the interactome, leading to the discovery of tumor-specific signaling pathways. Overall, the development and evaluation of pyPARAGON significantly contributes to the field as an effective tool for the analysis and integration of multi-omic data in the context of signaling networks. pyPARAGON is available at https://github.com/metunetlab/pyPARAGON.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arici, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.547583</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling Hidden Connections in Omics Data via pyPARAGON: an Integrative Hybrid Approach for Disease Network Construction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Recurrent Neural Circuit Mechanism of Temporal-scaling Equivariant Representation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.13.548946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time perception is fundamental in our daily life. An important feature of time perception is temporal scaling (TS): the ability to generate temporal sequences (e.g., movements) with different speeds. However, it is largely unknown about the mathematical principle underlying TS in the brain. The present theoretical study investigates temporal scaling from the Lie group point of view. We propose a canonical nonlinear recurrent circuit dynamics, modeled as a continuous attractor network, whose neuronal population responses embed a temporal sequence that is TS equivariant. We find the TS group operators can be explicitly represented by a time-invariant control input to the network, whereby the input gain determines the TS factor (group parameter), and the spatial offset between the control input and the network state on the continuous attractor manifold gives rise to the generator of the Lie group. The recurrent circuits neuronal responses are consistent with experimental data. The recurrent circuit can drive a feedforward circuit to generate complex sequences with different temporal scales, even in the case of negative temporal scaling ("time reversal"). Our work for the first time analytically links the abstract temporal scaling group and concrete neural circuit dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WU, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.548946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Recurrent Neural Circuit Mechanism of Temporal-scaling Equivariant Representation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.549078v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal Structure of 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming): A Key Enzyme in the Thaumarchaeal Hydroxypropionate/Hydroxybutyrate cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.14.549078v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) cycle from ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota is currently considered the most energy-efficient aerobic carbon fixation pathway. The Nitrosopumilus maritimus 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming; Nmar_0206) represents one of several enzymes from this cycle that exhibit increased efficiency over crenarchaeal counterparts. This enzyme reduces energy requirements on the cell, reflecting thaumarchaeal success in adapting to low-nutrient environments. Here we show the structure of Nmar_0206 from Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1, which reveals a highly conserved interdomain linker loop between the CoA-binding and ATP-grasp domains. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the widespread prevalence of this loop and highlights both its underrepresentation within the PDB and structural importance within the (ATP-forming) acyl- CoA synthetase (ACD) superfamily. This linker is shown to have a possible influence on conserved interface interactions between domains, thereby influencing homodimer stability. These results provide a structural basis for the energy efficiency of this key enzyme in the modified 3HP/4HB cycle of Thaumarchaeota.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolar, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshikuni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.549078</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal Structure of 4-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming): A Key Enzyme in the Thaumarchaeal Hydroxypropionate/Hydroxybutyrate cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.16.549205v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
New germline Cas9 promoters show improved performance for homing gene drive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.16.549205v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive systems could be a viable strategy to prevent pathogen transmission or suppress vector populations by propagating drive alleles with super-Mendelian inheritance. CRISPR-based homing gene drives, perhaps the most powerful gene drive strategy, convert wild type alleles into drive alleles in heterozygotes with the help of Cas9 and gRNA. However, achieving successful outcomes with these drives often requires high performance. Specifically, it is desirable to identify Cas9 promoters that yield high drive conversion rates, minimize the formation rate of resistance alleles in both the germline and the early embryo, and limit somatic Cas9 expression. Thus far, high-performance promoters have only been discovered in Anopheles species. In Drosophila, the nanos promoter avoids leaky somatic expression, but at the cost of high embryo resistance from maternally deposited Cas9. To improve drive efficiency, we tested eleven Drosophila melanogaster germline promoters in several configurations. Some of the new promoters achieved higher drive conversion efficiency with minimal embryo resistance, but none could completely avoid somatic expression like nanos. However, such somatic expression often did not carry detectable fitness costs when the promoter-Cas9 elements supported a rescue homing drive targeting a haplolethal gene, suggesting somatic drive conversion. Based on our findings, we selected two Cas9 promoter lines for cage experiments with a 4-gRNA suppression drive. While one promoter exhibited substantial somatic effects, leading to a low drive equilibrium frequency, the other outperformed nanos, resulting in the successful suppression of the cage population. Overall, these novel Cas9 promoters hold potential advantages for homing drives in Drosophila species and may also possess valuable homologs in other organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Metzloff, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.16.549205</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[New germline Cas9 promoters show improved performance for homing gene drive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population suppression by release of insects carrying a dominant sterile homing gene drive targeting doublesex in Drosophila 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive alleles, which bias their own inheritance and increase in frequency, show great promise for blocking disease transmission or directly suppressing pest populations. The most common engineered drive system is the CRISPR homing drive, which converts wild-type alleles to drive alleles in the germline of drive heterozygotes by homology-directed repair after CRISPR cleavage. One successful homing drive example targets a female-specific exon in doublesex in Anopheles mosquitos, suppressing the population by inducing recessive sterility in female drive homozygotes. We found that in Drosophila melanogaster, a 3-gRNA drive disrupting the doublesex female exon resulted in a masculine phenotype and dominant female sterility. Resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair were also dominant sterile. This was likely caused by expression of male-specific transcripts in females with drive and resistance alleles, disrupting sex development. Based on this construct, we proposed a new pest suppression system called "Release of Insects carrying a Dominant-sterile Drive" (RIDD). This entails continuously releasing drive heterozygous males, with drive and resistance alleles causing sterility in females. The drive remains at high frequency longer than currently used dominant female-lethal alleles (RIDL) due to drive conversion in males, and drive alleles also cause sterility based on resistance, both substantial advantages. With weekly releases of drive males into a cage population with overlapping generations, our RIDD system targeting dsx reached 100% prevalence within 27 weeks, progressively reducing egg production and eventually causing total population collapse. RIDD combines the merits of homing gene drive and RIDL. It is powerful but self-limiting, unlike unconfined standard homing drives, allowing for targeted population suppression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population suppression by release of insects carrying a dominant sterile homing gene drive targeting doublesex in Drosophila]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.15.549136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selectivity-specialized feedback connections mediate the interaction of distinct neural processes during flexible decision-making 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.15.549136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural activity in the primate brain correlates with both sensory evaluation and action selection aspects of decision-making. However, the intricate interaction between these distinct neural processes and their impact on decision behaviors remains unexplored. Here, we examined the interplay of these decision processes in posterior parietal cortex (PPC) when monkeys performed a flexible decision task. We found that the PPC activity related to monkeys abstract decisions about visual stimuli was nonlinearly modulated by monkeys following saccade choices directed outside each neurons response field. Recurrent neural network modeling indicated that the feedback connections, matching the learned stimuli-response associations during the task, might mediate such feedback modulation. Further analysis on network dynamics revealed that selectivity-specific feedback connectivity intensified the attractor basins of population activity underlying saccade choices, thereby increasing the reliability of flexible decisions. These results highlight an iterative computation between different decision processes, mediated primarily by precise feedback connectivity, contributing to the optimization of flexible decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.15.549136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selectivity-specialized feedback connections mediate the interaction of distinct neural processes during flexible decision-making]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549413v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-cell autonomous cardiomyocyte regulation complicates gene supplementation therapy for LMNA cardiomyopathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549413v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimsRecombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are federally approved gene delivery vectors for in vivo gene supplementation therapy. Loss-of-function truncating variants of LMNA, the coding gene for Lamin-A/C, are one of the primary causes of inherited dilate cardiomyopathy (DCM). Here we aim to study whether AAV-based LMNA supplementation could treat LMNA deficiency-triggered cardiac defects.

Methods and ResultsWe compared whole-body, cardiomyocyte-specific and genetic-mosaic mouse models that carry Lmna truncating variants at the same genetic loci and uncovered primarily a non-cell autonomous impact of Lmna on cardiomyocyte maturation. Whole-body lamin-A supplementation by rAAVs moderately rescued the cardiac defects in Lmna germline mutants. By contrast, cardiomyocyte-specific lamin-A addback failed to restore the cardiomyocyte growth defects. A Cre-loxP-based AAV vector that expresses lamin-A throughout the body but excluding the heart was able to restore cardiomyocyte growth in Lmna germline mutants.

ConclusionsLmna regulates cardiomyocyte growth non-cell autonomously. Non-myocytes are the key cell targets for a successful gene therapy for LMNA-associated cardiac defects.

Translational perspectiveLMNA truncating mutations are among the major causes of inherited DCM. AAV gene supplementation therapy is emerging as a promising strategy to treat genetic cardiomyopathy, but whether this strategy is suitable for LMNA cardiomyopathy remained unclear. Our study counterintuitively showed that the cardiomyocytes are not necessarily the correct therapeutic cell targets for AAV-based treatment of LMNA cardiomyopathy. By contrast, careful elucidation of cell-autonomous versus non-cell-autonomous gene functions is essential for the proper design of a gene supplementation therapy for cardiomyopathy.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=189 SRC="FIGDIR/small/549413v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jardin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549413</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-cell autonomous cardiomyocyte regulation complicates gene supplementation therapy for LMNA cardiomyopathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549286v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
T2T-YAO: a Telomere-to-telomere Assembled Diploid Reference Genome for Han Chinese 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549286v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Since its initial release in 2001, the human reference genome has been continuously improved in both continuity and accuracy, and the recently-released telomere-to-telomere version--T2T-CHM13--reaches its top quality after 20 years of effort. However, T2T-CHM13 does not represent an authentic diploid human genome, but rather one derived from a simplified, nearly homozygous genome of a hydatidiform mole cell line. To address this limitation and provide an alternative pertinent to the Chinese population, the largest ethnic group in the world, we have assembled a complete diploid human genome of a male Han Chinese, T2T-YAO, which includes telomere-to-telomere assemblies for all the 22+X+M and 22+Y chromosomes in his two haploids inherited separately from his parents. Both haplotypes contain no artificial sequences or model nucleotides and possess a high quality comparable to CHM13, with fewer than one error per [~]14 Mb. Derived from the individual who lives in the aboriginal region of Han Chinese, T2T-YAO shows clear ancestry and potential genetic continuity from the ancient ancestors of the Han population. Each haplotype of T2T-YAO possesses [~]340 Mb exclusive sequences and [~]3100 unique genes as compared to CHM13, and their genome sequences show greater genetic distance to CHM13 than to each other in terms of nucleotide polymorphism and structural variations. The construction of T2T-YAO would serve as a high-quality diploid reference that enables precise delineation of genomic variations in a haplotype-sensitive manner, which could advance our understandings in human evolution, hereditability of diseases and phenotypes, especially within the context of the unique variations of the Chinese population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549286</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[T2T-YAO: a Telomere-to-telomere Assembled Diploid Reference Genome for Han Chinese]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use of Large Language Models to Aid Analysis of Textual Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.17.549361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing use of machine learning and Large Language Models (LLMs) opens up opportunities to use these artificially intelligent algorithms in novel ways. This article proposes a methodology using LLMs to support traditional deductive coding in qualitative research. We began our analysis with three different sample texts taken from existing interviews. Next, we created a codebook and inputted the sample text and codebook into an LLM. We asked the LLM to determine if the codes were present in a sample text provided and requested evidence to support the coding. The sample texts were inputted 160 times to record changes between iterations of the LLM response. Each iteration was analogous to a new coder deductively analyzing the text with the codebook information. In our results, we present the outputs for these recursive analyses, along with a comparison of the LLM coding to evaluations made by human coders using traditional coding methods. We argue that LLM analysis can aid qualitative researchers by deductively coding transcripts, providing a systematic and reliable platform for code identification, and offering a means of avoiding analysis misalignment. Implications of using LLM in research praxis are discussed, along with current limitations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tai, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bentley, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sitt, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fankhauser, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chicas-Mosier, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monteith, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.17.549361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use of Large Language Models to Aid Analysis of Textual Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Surviving versus Deceased COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome following Hospitalization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging has been reported as a major risk factor for severe symptoms and higher mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. Molecular hallmarks such as epigenetic alterations and telomere attenuation reflect the biological process of aging. Epigenetic clocks have been shown to be valuable tools for measuring biological age in a variety of tissues and samples. As such, these epigenetic clocks can determine accelerated biological aging and time-to-mortality across various tissues. Previous reports have shown accelerated biological aging and telomere attrition acceleration following SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effect of accelerated epigenetic aging on outcome (death/recovery) in COVID-19 patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has not been well investigated. In this study, we measured DNA methylation age and telomere attrition in 87 severe COVID-19 cases with ARDS under mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, we compared dynamic changes in epigenetic aging across multiples time-points until recovery or death. Epigenetic age was measured using the Horvath, Hannum, DNAm skin and blood, GrimAge, and PhenoAge clocks, whereas telomere length was calculated using the surrogate marker DNAmTL. Our analysis revealed significant accelerated epigenetic aging but no telomere attrition acceleration in severe COVID-19 cases. In addition, we observed epigenetic age deceleration at inclusion vs end of follow-up in recovered but not in deceased COVID-19 cases using certain clocks. When comparing dynamic changes in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), we detected higher EAA using both the Horvath and PhenoAge clocks in deceased vs recovered patients. The DNAmTL measurements revealed telomere attrition acceleration in deceased COVID19 patients between inclusion and end of follow-up as well as a significant change in dynamic telomere attrition acceleration when comparing patients who recovered vs those who died. In conclusion, EAA and telomere attrition acceleration was associated with treatment outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with ARDS. A better understanding of the long-term effects of EAA in COVID19 patients and how they might contribute to Long COVID symptoms in recovered individuals is urgently needed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bejaoui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humaira Amanullah, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taleb, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Megarbane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ait Hssain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abi Khalil, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hajj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic Age Acceleration in Surviving versus Deceased COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome following Hospitalization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared structure facilitates working memory of multiple sequences via neural replay 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.18.549616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Daily experiences often involve the processing of multiple sequences, yet storing them challenges the limited capacity of working memory (WM). To achieve efficient memory storage, relational structures shared by sequences would be leveraged to reorganize and compress information. Here, participants memorized a sequence of items with different colors and spatial locations and later reproduced the full color and location sequences one after another. Crucially, we manipulated the consistency between location and color sequence trajectories. First, sequences with consistent trajectories demonstrate improved memory performance and a trajectory correlation between reproduced color and location sequences. Second, sequences with consistent trajectories show neural reactivation of common trajectories, and display spontaneous replay of color sequences when recalling locations. Finally, neural reactivation correlates with WM behavior. Our findings suggest that shared common structure is leveraged for storage of multiple sequences through compressed encoding and neural replay, together facilitating efficient information organization in WM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.18.549616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared structure facilitates working memory of multiple sequences via neural replay]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Response Surface Methodology-Based High-Throughput BioLector Fermentation Screening of Rosetta-2 for Enhanced Production of Insulin Variant: Towards Improved Production Efficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the experimental side of the manuscript has been completely changed as well as the corresponding author of this manuscript has changed; the former one is Hasan Demirci, but the current one is Esra Ayan. To manage manuscript progress in Biorxiv under Esra Ayans account, the author would like to withdraw the old version of the manuscript to change the corresponding author accordingly. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference for the project. The new version of the manuscript has been submitted by Esra Ayan under her Biorxiv account. If you have any questions, please contact the current corresponding author.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aytekin, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kati, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Response Surface Methodology-Based High-Throughput BioLector Fermentation Screening of Rosetta-2 for Enhanced Production of Insulin Variant: Towards Improved Production Efficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome editing induces the transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondria serve as the cellular powerhouse, and their distinct DNA makes them a prospective target for gene editing to treat genetic disorders. However, the impact of genome editing on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability remains a mystery. Our study reveals previously unknown risks of genome editing that both nuclear and mitochondrial editing cause broad transfer of mitochondrial DNA segments into the nuclear genome in various cell types including human cell lines, primary T cells, retinal cells, and mouse embryos. Furthermore, drug-induced mitochondrial stresses and mtDNA breaks exacerbate this transfer of mtDNA into the nuclear genome. Notably, we observe that the newly developed mitochondrial base editor DdCBE can also cause widespread mtDNA integrations. However, we provide a practical solution to suppress the transfer of mtDNA by co-expressing TREX1 or TREX2 exonucleases during DdCBE editing. These findings also shed light on the origins of mitochondrial-nuclear DNA segments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhangding, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome editing induces the transfer of mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549724v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exposure to early life stress impairs weight loss maintenance success in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.19.549724v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early life stress increases obesity risk, but its impact on weight loss maintenance is unknown. Mice underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from 0-3 weeks and were weaned onto high fat sucrose diet (HFSD) from 3-20 weeks. Calorie-restricted weight loss on a low fat sucrose diet (LFSD) occurred over 2 weeks to induce a 20% loss in body weight, which was maintained for 6 weeks. After weight loss, half the mice received running wheels (EX) the other half remained sedentary (SED). Mice were then fed ad libitum on HFSD or LFSD for 10 weeks and allowed to regain body weight. NMS mice had greater weight regain, total body weight and adiposity compared to naive mice. During the first week of refeeding, NMS mice had increased food intake and were in a greater positive energy balance than naive mice, but total energy expenditure was not affected by NMS. Female mice were more susceptible to NMS-induced effects, including increases in adiposity. NMS and naive females were more susceptible to HFSD-induce weight regain. Exercise was beneficial in the first week of regain in male mice, but long-term only those on LFSD benefited from EX. As expected, HFSD led to greater weight regain than LFSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Foright, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McQuillan, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frick, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minchella, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levasseur, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tinoco, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birmingham, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewis, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christianson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.19.549724</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exposure to early life stress impairs weight loss maintenance success in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Replication stress inducing ELF3 upregulation promotes BRCA1-deficient breast tumorigenesis in luminal progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.20.549893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BRCA1 is a critical tumor suppressor, mutations in which greatly increase risks for many tumors in carriers, most notably breast cancer. Luminal progenitor cells (LPs) are the currently recognized cells origin of BRCA1-deficient breast cancers. However, the reason why LPs are prone to transform with BRCA1 deficiency has not been elucidated. Here, using single-cell sequencing of human BRCA1 mutant breast cancers and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of BRCA1-deficient normal mammary cells, we reveal that replication stress is a feature of LPs and a driving factor during BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, replication stress and BRCA1 deficiency lead to significant upregulation of ELF3 expression. ELF3 can help suppress excessive genomic instability and promote LP transformation with BRCA1 deficiency. Moreover, ELF3 emerged as a core transcription factor regulating LP genes, leading to LP expansion. Our findings suggest that replication stress is a driving factor during BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis in luminal progenitor cells and elucidates the key role of ELF3 during this process.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.20.549893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Replication stress inducing ELF3 upregulation promotes BRCA1-deficient breast tumorigenesis in luminal progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550257v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic characterization and dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci genus: food and health perspective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550257v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hospitals and communities are significant hubs for antibiotic-resistant staphylococcal infections, but recently there have been spread of the Staphylococci to other settings including farms and food chains. This study aimed to compare the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from humans and food to understand the genetic characteristics and similarities between the circulating clones across both groups. A total of 250 samples of meat (camel, beef, chicken, fish, and lamb) were collected from different retailers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Culture, and Genomics analysis of the isolates yielded 53 S.aureus out of which (42/53; 79%) were methicillin-sensitive S.aureus (MSSA) and (11/53; 21%) were MRSA in addition to to other Staphylococci. 80 clinically confirmed MRSA isolates were obtained from patients in the same city. The most common S. aureus clone in patients and retail meat belonged to clonal complex (CC5). In meat, ST6 and ST97 were the most common clones found in (6/11; 54.5%) of MRSA isolates, and ST1153 (9/42; 21.42%), ST672 (7/42; 16.66%) of MSSA isolates. The majority of MRSA isolates in meat carried SCCmec type V, which was observed in (6/11; 54.54%) of isolates. While in patients, ST5 and ST6 were the predominant clones found in (37/80; 46%) of MRSA isolates. The most prevalent SCCmec types in MRSA isolates from patients were SCCmec type IVa, which was observed in (39/80; 48.7%) of isolates. While there was no MRSA found in beef, camel meat had the highest prevalence of MRSA ST6-t2450 contamination. The other two clones, CC97 and CC361, were the second-most prevalent clones in meat and were relatively common among patients. Novel S. aureus lineages were sequenced and characterized for the first time ST8109 from meat and ST8110 and ST8111 from patients. A structured One Health approach on S. aureus considering its dissemination, genetic characterization, antibiotic resistance, and overall impact on food intended for human consumption and its effect on human health is advised.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>M Alkuraythi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M. Alkhulaifi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Z. Binjomah, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarawi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>M Aldakhil, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>I. Mujallad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Alharbi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshomrani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mastour Alshahrani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gojobori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alajel, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550257</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic characterization and dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococci genus: food and health perspective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Role of the Tyrosine-Based Sorting Signals of the ORF3a Protein of SARS-CoV-2 on Intracellular Trafficking, Autophagy, and Apoptosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The open reading frame 3a (ORF3a) is an accessory transmembrane protein that is important to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The cytoplasmic domain of ORF3a has three canonical tyrosine-based sorting signals (Yxx{Phi}; where x is any amino acid and {Phi} is a hydrophobic amino acid with a bulky -R group). They have been implicated in the trafficking of membrane proteins to the cell plasma membrane and to intracellular organelles. Previous studies have indicated that mutation of the 160YSNV163 motif abrogated plasma membrane expression and inhibited ORF3a-induced apoptosis. However, two additional canonical tyrosine-based sorting motifs (211YYQL213, 233YNKI236) exist in the cytoplasmic domain of ORF3a that have not been assessed. We removed all three potential tyrosine-based motifs and systematically restored them to assess the importance of each motif or combination of motifs that restored efficient trafficking to the cell surface and lysosomes. Our results indicate that the Yxx{Phi} motif at position 160 was insufficient for the trafficking of ORF3a to the cell surface. Our studies also showed that ORF3a proteins with an intact Yxx{Phi} at position 211 or at 160 and 211 were most important. We found that ORF3a cell surface expression correlated with the co-localization of ORF3a with LAMP-1 near the cell surface. These results suggest that Yxx{Phi} motifs within the cytoplasmic domain may act cooperatively in ORF3a transport to the plasma membrane and endocytosis to lysosomes. Further, our results indicate that certain tyrosine mutants failed to activate caspase 3 and did not correlate with autophagy functions associated with this protein.

IMPORTANCEOpen reading frame 3a (ORF3a) encodes for the largest of the SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins. While deletion of the ORF3a gene from SARS-CoV-2 results in a virus that replicates slightly less efficiently in cell culture, deletion also results in a virus that is less pathogenic in mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The ORF3a has been reported to be a viroporin, induces apoptosis and incomplete autophagy in cells. Thus, determining the domains involved in these functions will further our understanding of how this protein influences virus assembly and pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of the three potential tyrosine-based sorting signals in the cytoplasmic domain of the ORF3a on intracellular protein trafficking, apoptosis, and in the initiation of autophagy. Our results indicate that more than one Yxx{Phi} motif is required for efficient transport of ORF3a, ORF3a expression resulted in minimal apoptosis, and cell surface expression was not required for autophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Stephens, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalamvoki, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Role of the Tyrosine-Based Sorting Signals of the ORF3a Protein of SARS-CoV-2 on Intracellular Trafficking, Autophagy, and Apoptosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549980v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prominent contributions of selective neuronal subtypes to pediatric drug-resistant focal dysplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.549980v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
About 75% cases of epilepsy begin during childhood, and 10 - 30% of pediatric epilepsy patients are resistant to drug treatment. The predominant seizure type in children is focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) which is highly associated with drug-resistant epilepsy, but its underlying cause is poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing and patch-clamp recording on fresh brain tissues obtained from pediatric FCD patients shortly after surgery to reveal critical factors contributing to FCD.

We report that known epilepsy genes or significant transcriptomic alterations occur in only a few neuronal subgroups, suggesting that epilepsy-associated neurons cluster into only a few neuronal subtypes. These epilepsy-subtypes displayed significant epilepsy-related transcriptomic alterations, especially in the genes associated with excitation/inhibition balance and neuron functional signal pathways. Among eight epilepsy-subtypes, L2_4_CUX2_YWHAH and PVALB_RGS5 subtypes showed the most prominent alterations in FCD patient tissues. Supporting PV-neurons being important, recording from fast-spiking/parvalbumin-containing neurons in acute FCD patient brain slices revealed reduced excitatory synaptic inputs, implicating lower activity in these neurons and fewer synaptic inputs onto them. A higher percentage of mitochondria genes, and likely higher activity in the pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation and ATP biosynthetic process, was observed in the epilepsy-subtypes, suggesting a high energy expenditure in them. Interestingly, the activity of the above two pathways in most epilepsy-subtypes was lower in the FCD patients, suggesting these subtypes may be more vulnerable to energy deficit in epilepsy.

Altogether, transcriptomics is significantly altered in only a few neuronal subtypes in pediatric FCD patient brains. These selective epilepsy-subtypes may play prominent roles in the genesis of pediatric drug-resistant seizure and targeting them may provide new treatment options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.549980</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prominent contributions of selective neuronal subtypes to pediatric drug-resistant focal dysplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Label-free differentiation of functional zones in mature mouse placenta using micro-Raman imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.21.550049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In histopathology, it is highly crucial to have chemical and structural information about tissues. Additionally, the segmentation of zones within a tissue plays an important role in investigating the functions of these regions for better diagnosis and treatment. The placenta plays an important role in embryonic and fetal development and in the diagnosis of some diseases associated with its dysfunction. This study provides a label-free approach to obtain the images of mature mouse placenta together with the chemical differences between the tissue compartments using Raman spectroscopy. To generate the Raman images, spectra of placental tissue were collected using a custom-built optical setup. The pre-processed spectra were analyzed using statistical and machine learning methods to acquire the Raman maps. We found that the placental regions called decidua and the labyrinth zone are biochemically distinct from the junctional zone. Comparison and evaluation of the Raman maps with histological images of the placental tissue were performed by a histologist and they are found to be in agreement. The results of this study show that Raman spectroscopy offers the possibility of label-free monitoring of the placental tissue from mature mice while revealing important structural information about the zones at the same time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Inanc, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bektas, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kecoglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parlatan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durkut, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ucak, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unlu, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celik-Ozenci, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.21.550049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Label-free differentiation of functional zones in mature mouse placenta using micro-Raman imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-GlcNAcylation of Keratin 18 coordinates TCA cycle to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.23.550247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycosylation in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) actively contributes to pathophysiological steps of tumor progression. Of note is the dynamic modification of proteins by O-linked {beta}-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) that modulates various tumor-associated biological activities. By using a cutting-edge chemical proteomic methodology for intact glycopeptide analysis, we show herein that O-GlcNAcylation of Keratin 18 (K18) coordinates the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, namely isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs), to promote CCA progression. Mechanistically, site-specific O-GlcNAcylation of K18 on Ser 30 stabilizes K18, which benefits the expression of cell cycle checkpoints to enhance cell cycle progression and cell growth. Interaction with IDHs down-regulates the level of citrate and isocitrate, while up-regulates the level of -ketoglutarate (-KG). Our study thus expands the current understanding of protein O-GlcNAcylation, and adds another dimension of complexity to post-translational control over metabolism and tumorigenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.23.550247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-GlcNAcylation of Keratin 18 coordinates TCA cycle to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Versatile Tool for Precise Variant Calling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic Polymorphisms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhole genome sequencing (WGS) facilitates the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant MDR-TB through the interpretation of sequence variations (SV) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) genes. Information on phenotypic and genotypic resistance associations continues to evolve, it is important to identify SV within genes of interest. We developed an MTB-VCF variant calling pipeline that can compare against the reference genome for any gene of interest. We demonstrate its utility for calling SV in genes associated with Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EM), and Streptomycin (SM) resistance.

MethodsMTB-VCF is a Python-based command line Variant Calling pipeline designed to streamline batch processing from raw reads (FastQ) files. SV called by MTB-VCF were compared with those identified by TBProfiler, KVARQ, CASTB, Mykrobe Predictor and Phy-ResSE pipelines. The sensitivity and Specificity of MTB-VCF SV calling were calculated against the drug susceptibility testing (DST) phenotype.

ResultsMTB-VCF identified 868 SV present in 200 phenotypically resistant MDR-TB isolates. These were across rpsl, rrs, rpoB, inhA, katG, ahpC, gidB and embCAB genes. Of these, 684 SV were known to be associated with a resistance genotype, leading to a specificity of 97.75%. The SV called by the MTB-VCF was compared separately to resistance genotypes called by TB-Profiler, KvarQ, CASTB, Mykrobe Predictor, and PhyRes-SE pipelines, demonstrating a sensitivity of 99.5%.

ConclusionThe MTB-VCF pipeline offers a rapid and accurate solution for identifying SV in target genes for interpretation later. It can be run in large batches, proving flexible computing that allows for the customization of core bioinformatic pipelines, enabling the analysis of WGS data from different technologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdul Razzak, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azim, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanji, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shakoor, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Versatile Tool for Precise Variant Calling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genetic Polymorphisms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Coverage of the Human Interactome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Complex biological processes in cells are embedded in the interactome, representing the complete set of protein-protein interactions. Mapping and analyzing the protein structures are essential to fully comprehending these processes molecular details. Therefore, knowing the structural coverage of the interactome is essential to show the current limitations. Structural modeling of protein-protein interactions requires accurate protein structures. In this study, we mapped all experimental structures to the reference human proteome. Later, we found the enrichment in structural coverage when complementary methods such as homology modeling and deep learning (AlphaFold) are included. We then collected the interactions from the literature and databases to form the reference human interactome resulting in 117,897 non-redundant interactions. When we analyzed the structural coverage of the interactome, we found that the number of experimentally determined protein complex structures is scarce, corresponding to 3.95% of all binary interactions. We also analyzed known and modeled structures to potentially construct the structural interactome with a docking method. Our analysis showed that 12.97% of the interactions from HuRI, 73.62%, and 32.94% from the filtered versions of STRING and HIPPIE could potentially be modeled with a high structural coverage or accuracy, respectively. Overall, this paper provides an overview of the current state of structural coverage of the human proteome and interactome.

Significance StatementWe gathered binary protein-protein interactions from three prominent interactome databases to create a comprehensive human reference interactome. We quantified the structural coverage of the human interactome using already available structural data from four different sources. We further evaluate the percentage of interactions that can be accurately predicted using docking methods.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kosoglu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Coverage of the Human Interactome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipidomic analysis reveals differences in the extent of remyelination in the brain and spinal cord 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.24.550351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During demyelination, lipid-rich myelin debris is released in the central nervous system (CNS) and must be phagocytosed and processed before new myelin can form. Although myelin comprises over 70% lipids, relatively little is known about how the CNS lipidome changes during demyelination and remyelination. In this study, we obtained a longitudinal lipidomic profile of the brain, spinal cord, and serum using a genetic mouse model of demyelination, known as Plp1-iCKO-Myrf mice. This model has distinct phases of demyelination and remyelination over the course of 24 weeks, in which loss of motor function peaks during demyelination. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and volcano plots, we have demonstrated that the brain and spinal cord have different remyelination capabilities and that this is reflected in different lipidomic profiles over time. We observed that plasmalogens (ether-linked phosphatidylserine and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine) were elevated specifically during the early stages of active demyelination. In addition, we identified lipids in the brain that were altered when mice were treated with a remyelinating drug, which may be CNS biomarkers of remyelination. The results of this study provide new insights into how the lipidome changes in response to demyelination, which will enable future studies to elucidate mechanisms of lipid regulation during demyelination and remyelination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohotti, N. D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binjawadagi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evertsen, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christ, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.24.550351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipidomic analysis reveals differences in the extent of remyelination in the brain and spinal cord]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kremen1 regulates the regenerative capacity of support cells and mechanosensory hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.27.550825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear mediate the sensations of hearing and balance, and in a specialize lateral line sensory system of aquatic vertebrates, the sensation of water movement. In mammals, hair cells lack the ability of regenerate following damage, resulting in sensory deficits. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates, such zebrafish, can renew hair cells throughout the life of the animal. Wnt signaling is required for development of inner ear and lateral line hair cells and regulates regeneration. Kremen1 inhibits Wnt signaling and hair cell formation, though its role in regeneration has not been established. We use a zebrafish kremen1 mutant line, to show that when Wnt signaling is overactivated in the lateral line, excessive regeneration occurs in the absence of increased proliferation, due to an increase in support cells. This contrasts with the previously described role of Wnt signaling during hair cell regeneration. This work will allow us to understand the biology of mechanosensory hair cells, and how regeneration might be promoted following damage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Megerson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuehn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leifer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGraw, H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.27.550825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kremen1 regulates the regenerative capacity of support cells and mechanosensory hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directly selecting differentially expressed genes for single-cell clustering analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.26.550670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies, cell-types and their associated marker genes are often identified by clustering and differential expression gene (DEG) analysis. scRNA-seq data contain many genes not relevant to cell-types and gene selection procedures are needed for more accurate clustering. An ideal gene selection procedure should select all DEGs between cell-types for best cell-type identification. However, because cell-types are unknown, gene selection and DEG analysis are performed separately using different methods. Genes are selected using surrogate criteria not directly related with clustering, which often miss important genes or select unimportant genes. Clustering accuracy could be seriously influenced because of the inferior gene selection. DEGs are often detected by comparing different clusters, leading to many false DEGs due to the selection bias problem. In this paper, we present Festem, a unified method for gene selection and DEG analysis in scRNA-seq studies. Festem investigates genes clustering information based on the observation that marginal distributions of DEGs are mixtures of their different cell-type-conditional distributions, and can directly select the clustering-informative DEGs and avoid the selection bias problem. Extensive simulation and real data analyses show that Festem achieves high precision and recall for DEG detection, and enables more accurate clustering and cell-type identification. Applications to several scRNA-seq datasets demonstrate that Festem can identify cell-types that are often missed by other methods. In a large intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma dataset, we identify CD8+ T cell-types and find that their marker genes are novel prognostic biomarkers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.26.550670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directly selecting differentially expressed genes for single-cell clustering analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.551032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.07.29.551032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsFibrosis is the common endpoint for all forms of chronic liver injury, and progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and may provide targets for fibrotic therapies.

MethodsWe identified lncRNA TILAM as expressed near COL1A1 in human HSCs and performed loss-of-function studies in human HSCs and liver organoids. Transcriptomic analyses of HSCs isolated from mice defined the murine ortholog of TILAM. We then generated Tilam-deficient GFP reporter mice and quantified fibrotic responses to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDA-HFD). Co-precipitation studies, mass spectrometry, and gene expression analyses identified protein partners of TILAM.

ResultsTILAM is conserved between human and mouse HSCs and regulates expression of ECM proteins, including collagen. Tilam is selectively induced in HSCs during the development of fibrosis in vivo. In both male and female mice, loss of Tilam results in reduced fibrosis in the setting of CCl4 and CDA-HFD injury models. TILAM interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) to stabilize PML protein levels and promote the fibrotic activity of HSCs.

ConclusionTILAM is activated in HSCs and interacts with PML to drive the development of liver fibrosis. Depletion of TILAM may serve as a therapeutic approach to combat the development of end stage liver disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daneshvar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratkiewicz, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Saad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pondick, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>York, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moran, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentile, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ur Rahman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habboub, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Affo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwabe, R. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Popov, Y. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.07.29.551032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CONDITIONALLY MUTANT ANIMAL MODEL FOR INVESTIGATING THE INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELL LINEAGE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.02.551740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Placental development involves coordinated expansion and differentiation of trophoblast cell lineages possessing specialized functions. Among the differentiated trophoblast cell lineages are invasive trophoblast cells, which exit the placenta and invade into the uterus where they restructure the uterine parenchyma and facilitate remodeling of uterine spiral arteries. The rat exhibits deep intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion, a feature shared with human placentation, and is also amenable to gene manipulation using genome editing techniques. In this investigation, we generated a conditional rat model targeting the invasive trophoblast cell lineage. Prolactin family 7, subfamily b, member 1 (Prl7b1) is uniquely and abundantly expressed in the rat invasive trophoblast cell lineage. Disruption of Prl7b1 did not adversely affect placental development. We demonstrated that the Prl7b1 locus could be effectively used to drive the expression of Cre recombinase in invasive trophoblast cells. Our rat model represents a new tool for investigating candidate genes contributing to the regulation of invasive trophoblast cells and their contributions to trophoblast-guided uterine spiral artery remodeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nixon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crnkovich, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreno Irusta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>vu, h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.02.551740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CONDITIONALLY MUTANT ANIMAL MODEL FOR INVESTIGATING THE INVASIVE TROPHOBLAST CELL LINEAGE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551801v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformational diversity and protein-protein interfaces in drug repurposing in Ras signaling pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551801v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway regulates cell growth, division, and differentiation. In this work, we focus on drug repurposing in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, considering structural similarities of protein-protein interfaces. The complexes in this pathway are extracted from literature and interfaces formed by physically interacting proteins are found via PRISM (PRotein Interaction by Structural Matching) if not available in Protein Data Bank. As a result, the structural coverage of these interactions has been increased from 21% to 92% using PRISM. Multiple conformations of each protein are used to include protein dynamics and diversity. Next, we find FDA-approved drugs bound to additional structurally similar protein-protein interfaces. The results suggest that HIV protease inhibitors tipranavir, indinavir and saquinavir may bind to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Receptor Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ErbB-3 (ERBB3/HER3) interface. Tipranavir and indinavir may also bind to EGFR and Receptor Tyrosine-Protein Kinase ErbB-2 (ERBB2/HER2) interface. Additionally, a drug used in Alzheimers disease (galantamine) and an antinauseant for cancer chemotherapy patients (granisetron) can bind to RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF1) and Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF) interface. Hence, we propose an algorithm to find drugs to be potentially used for cancer. As a summary, we propose a new strategy of using a dataset of structurally similar protein-protein interface clusters rather than pockets in a systematic way.

Significance statementThis work focuses on drug repurposing in the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway based on structural similarities of protein-protein interfaces. The Food and Drug Administration approved drugs bound to the protein-protein interfaces are proposed for the other interfaces using protein-protein interface clusters based on structural similarities. Moreover, the structural coverage of protein complexes of physical interactions in the pathway has been increased from 21% to 92% using multiple conformations of each protein to include protein dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayin, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551801</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformational diversity and protein-protein interfaces in drug repurposing in Ras signaling pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional dissection of KATP channel structures reveals the importance of a conserved interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are inhibited by ATP but activated by Mg-ADP, coupling the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio to the potassium conductance of the plasma membrane. Although there has been progress in determining the structure of KATP channels, the functional significance of the domain-domain interface in the gating properties of KATP channels is not fully understood. In this study, we propose a new two-module assembly model for the KATP channel. Our mutagenesis experiments, based on this model, indicate that deleting ECL3 on the SUR1 subunit impairs KNtp-independent Mg-ADP activation. This finding demonstrates the essential role of intramolecular interactions between KATPcore and SURABC in Mg-ADP activation. Notably, this interface is functionally conserved between SUR1 and SUR2. Additionally, the hydrophobic residue F351 on ECL3 of SUR1 is crucial for maintaining the stability of this interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional dissection of KATP channel structures reveals the importance of a conserved interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551914v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Revealing Shared Proteins and Pathways in Cardiovascular and Cognitive Diseases Using Protein Interaction Network Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.03.551914v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the primary goals of systems medicine is detecting putative proteins and pathways involved in disease progression and pathological phenotypes. Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous condition manifesting as cognitive impairment resulting from vascular factors. The precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear, which poses challenges for experimental research. Here, we applied computational approaches like systems biology to unveil and select relevant proteins and pathways related to VCI by studying the crosstalk between cardiovascular and cognitive diseases. In addition, we specifically included signals related to oxidative stress, a common etiologic factor tightly linked to aging, a major determinant of VCI. Our results show that pathways associated with oxidative stress are quite relevant, as most of the prioritized vascular-cognitive genes/proteins were enriched in these pathways. Our analysis provided a short list of proteins that could be contributing to VCI: DOLK, TSC1, ATP1A1, MAPK14, YWHAZ, CREB3, HSPB1, PRDX6, and LMNA. Moreover, our experimental results suggest a high implication of glycative stress, generating oxidative processes and post-translational protein modifications through advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We propose that these products interact with their specific receptors (RAGE) and Notch signaling to contribute to the etiology of VCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeylan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyuz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picon-Pages, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Elias, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tajes, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Ojalvo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicente, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nattel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ois-Santiago, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig-Pijoan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551914</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Revealing Shared Proteins and Pathways in Cardiovascular and Cognitive Diseases Using Protein Interaction Network Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551565v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD4+ T cell senescence is associated with reduced reactogenicity in severe/critical COVID-19 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551565v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAging is a critical risk factor for unfavorable clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients and may affect vaccine efficacy. However, whether the senescence of T cells impact the progression to severe COVID-19 in the elderly individuals remains unclear.

MethodsBy using flow cytometry, we analyzed the frequency of senescent T cells (Tsens) in the peripheral blood from 100 elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and compared the difference between mild/moderate and severe/critical illness. We also assessed correlations between the percentage of Tsens and the quantity and quality of spike-specific antibodies by ELISA, neutralizing antibody test kit and Elispot assay respectively, cytokine production profile of COVID-19 reactive T cells as well as plasma soluble factors by cytometric bead array (CBA).

ResultsWe found a significant elevated level of CD4+ Tsens in severe/critical disease compared to mild/moderate illness and patients with a higher level of CD4+ Tsens (>19.78%) showed a decreased survival rate as compared to those with a lower level (<19.78%), especially in the breakthrough infection. The percentage of CD4+ Tsens was negatively correlated with spike-specific antibody titers, neutralization ability and COVID-19 reactive IL-2+ CD4+ T cells. Additionally, IL-2 producing T cells and plasma levels of IL-2 were positively correlated with antibody levels.

ConclusionOur data illustrated that the percentage of CD4+ Tsens in the peripheral blood could act as an efficient biomarker for the capacity of spike-specific antibody production and the prognosis of severe COVID-19, especially in the breakthrough infection. Therefore, restoration of the immune response of CD4+ Tsens is one of the key factors to prevent severe illness and improve vaccine efficacy in older adults.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.04.551565</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD4+ T cell senescence is associated with reduced reactogenicity in severe/critical COVID-19]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552278v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of m6A modifiers and RNA modifications in uterine fibroids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.07.552278v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine leiomyoma or fibroids are the most common prevalent noncancerous tumors of the uterine muscle layer. Common symptoms associated with fibroids include pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, anemia, and pelvic pressure. These tumors are a leading cause of gynecological care but lack long-term therapy as the origin and development of fibroids are not well understood. Several next-generation sequencing technologies have been performed to identify the underlying genetic and epigenetic basis of fibroids. However, there remains a systemic gap in our understanding of molecular and biological process that define uterine fibroids. Recent epitranscriptomics studies have unraveled RNA modifications that are associated with all forms of RNA and are thought to influence both normal physiological functions and the progression of diseases. We quantified RNA expression profiles by analyzing publicly available RNA-seq data for 15 known epigenetic mediators to identify their expression profile in uterine fibroids compared to myometrium. To validate our findings, we performed RT-qPCR on a separate cohort of uterine fibroids targeting these modifiers confirming our RNA-seq data. We then examined protein profiles of key m6A modifiers in fibroids and their matched myometrium. In concordance with our RNA expression profiles, no significant differences were observed in these proteins in uterine fibroids compared to myometrium. To determine abundance of RNA modifications, mRNA and small RNA from fibroids and matched myometrium were analyzed by UHPLC MS/MS. In addition to the prevalent N6-methyladenosine (m6A), we identified 11 other known modifiers but did not identify any aberrant expression in fibroids. We then mined a previously published dataset and identified differential expression of m6A modifiers that were specific to fibroid genetic sub-type. Our analysis also identified m6A consensus motifs on genes previously identified to be dysregulated in uterine fibroids. Overall, using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, RNA expression and protein profiles, we characterized and identified differentially expressed m6A modifiers in relation to driver mutations. Despite the use of several different approaches, we identified limited differential expression of RNA modifiers and associated modifications in uterine fibroids. However, considering the highly heterogenous genomic and cellular nature of fibroids, and the possible contribution of single molecule m6A modifications to fibroid pathology, there is a need for greater in-depth characterization of m6A marks and modifiers in a larger and varied patient cohort.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>George, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cancino, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, J. L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rowley, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennathukuzhi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.07.552278</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of m6A modifiers and RNA modifications in uterine fibroids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551918v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unilateral ephaptic program underlying sweetness dominance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.04.551918v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In ephaptic coupling, physically adjacent neurons influence one anothers activity via the electric fields they generate. To date, the molecular mechanisms that mediate and modulate ephaptic couplings effects remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel lateralizes the potentially mutual ephaptic inhibition between Drosophila gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). While sweet-sensing GRNs (sGRNs) engage in ephaptic suppression of the adjacent bitter-sensing GRNs (bGRNs), HCN expression in sGRNs enables them to resist ephaptic suppression from the bGRNs. Such one-sided ephaptic inhibition confers sweetness dominance, facilitating ingestion of bitter-laced sweets. Flies with HCN-deficient sGRNs exhibited dramatically decreased attraction to sucrose mixed with moderate levels of caffeine, highlighting the behavioral significance that gustatory ephaptic inhibition promotes ingestion of carbohydrates buried in bitterness. Our findings indicate a role for the gating of ephaptic coding to ensure the intake of the essential nutrient despite bitter contaminants present in the feeding niche of Drosophila, as the gating establishes a hierarchy of gustatory neuron excitation. Such refinement provides a previously unappreciated mechanism for controlling the activity of a neuronal network with potential implications in the mammalian brain, given the evolutionary conservation of the HCN genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joo, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.04.551918</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unilateral ephaptic program underlying sweetness dominance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.549183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Climatic and biogeographic processes underlying the diversification of the pantropical and early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.08.549183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimTropical rainforests harbour the richest biodiversity among terrestrial ecosystems, but few studies have addressed underlying processes of species diversification in these ecosystems. We use the pantropical and early divergent flowering plant family Annonaceae as a model system to investigate how abiotic factors such as climate and biogeographic events contribute to the diversification process and lead to its high diversity across a long evolutionary history.

LocationTropics and subtropics

TaxonAnnonaceae

MethodsA super-matrix was constructed for 835 taxa (34% of Annonaceae species), based on eight chloroplast regions. To understand the patterns of diversification, we reconstructed climatic niche evolution and historical biogeographical events, and tested their association with diversification rates.

ResultsThe analysis of temperature-dependent models in Annonaceae lineages provides strong support for the significant influence of global temperature on net diversification and accumulation of species diversity. The pattern of lineage accumulation in the initial radiation is better aligned with the "museum model," followed by later accumulation consistent with the "recent cradle model" from the late Oligocene to the present. The increase in the diversification rate of the family (around 25 Ma) lags behind the accumulation of niche divergences (around 15 Ma). Biogeographic events are related to only two of the five diversification rate shifts detected. While no direct relationship to shifts in the diversification rate was uncovered, shifts in niche evolution appear to be associated with increasingly seasonal environments.

Main ConclusionsGlobal temperature plays a crucial role in driving recent rapid diversification in the Annonaceae. Our study challenges the prevailing assumption of the "museum model" alone and proposes instead a transition from the "museum model" to the "recent cradle model" during the diversification history of the family. However, our findings do not support the direct correlation of any particular climatic niche shifts or historical biogeographical events with shifts in diversification rate. Instead, Annonaceae diversification can lead to later niche divergence as a result of increasing interspecific competition arising from species accumulation. The evolutionary direction of niche shifts furthermore provides insight into the future expansion of Annonaceae into temperate regions. Our results highlight the complexity of the diversification process in taxa with long evolutionary histories, indicating that identifying isolated driving factors is simplistic and inadequate for explaining the observed patterns. Further comprehensive analyses of range evolution are necessary to delve deeper into the interplay among key opportunities, key innovation, and species diversification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Folk, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, R. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.08.549183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Climatic and biogeographic processes underlying the diversification of the pantropical and early divergent angiosperm family Annonaceae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552882v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ubiquitin phosphorylation accelerates protein aggregation and promotes neurodegeneration in the aging brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552882v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ser65-phosphorylated ubiquitin (pUb) was found elevated in neurons of aged and neurodegenerative brains. Yet little is known whether a causative link exists between pUb level and brain aging. Here we show that the knockout of pink1, a Ub kinase, abolished pUb elevation and decelerated protein aggregation in aged mouse brains and cells with proteasomal inhibition. Conversely, over-expression of PINK1 but not the kinase-dead version increased the pUb level and accelerated protein aggregation by suppressing of proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, PINK1 over-expression in mouse hippocampus neurons increased pUb level and protein aggregation, slowly leading to mitochondrial injury, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Notably, the neuronal damages induced by PINK1 were rescued by the dominant negative Ub/S65A mutant, while Ub/S65E phosphomimetic mutant caused neuronal death. Together, an incidental increase of Ub phosphorylation can progressively and cumulatively cause the decline of Ub-dependent proteasomal activity, consequenting promotes neurodegeneration in the aging brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552882</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ubiquitin phosphorylation accelerates protein aggregation and promotes neurodegeneration in the aging brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DiPPI: A curated dataset for drug-like molecules in protein-protein interfaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.09.552637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins interact through their interfaces, and dysfunction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has been associated with various diseases. Therefore, investigating the properties of the drug-modulated PPIs and interface-targeting drugs is critical. Here, we present a curated large dataset for drug-like molecules in protein interfaces. We further present DiPPI (Drugs in Protein-Protein Interfaces), a two-module website to facilitate the search for such molecules and their properties by exploiting our dataset in drug repurposing studies. In the interface module of the website, we extracted several properties of interfaces, such as amino acid properties, hotspots, evolutionary conservation of drug-binding amino acids, and post-translational modifications of these residues. On the drug-like molecule side, we curated a list of drug-like small molecules and FDA-approved drugs from various databases and extracted those that bind to the interfaces. We further clustered the drugs based on their molecular fingerprints to confine the search for an alternative drug to a smaller space. Drug properties, including Lipinskis rules and various molecular descriptors, are also calculated and made available on the website to guide the selection of drug molecules. Our dataset contains 534,203 interfaces for 98,632 proteins, of which 55,135 are detected to bind to a drug-like molecule. 2,214 drug-like molecules are deposited on our website, among which 335 are FDA-approved. DiPPI provides users with an easy-to-follow scheme for drug repurposing studies through its well-curated and clustered interface and drug data; and is freely available at http://interactome.ku.edu.tr:8501.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cankara, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyuz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayin, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.09.552637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DiPPI: A curated dataset for drug-like molecules in protein-protein interfaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552560v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploiting Epigenetic Targets to Overcome Taxane Resistance in Prostate Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552560v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of taxane resistance remains a major challenge for castration resistant prostate cancer (CR-PCa), despite the effectiveness of taxanes in prolonging patient survival. To uncover novel targets, we performed an epigenetic drug screen on taxane (docetaxel and cabazitaxel) resistant CR-PCa cells. We identified BRPF reader proteins, along with several epigenetic groups (CBP/p300, Menin-MLL, PRMT5 and SIRT1) that act as targets effectively reversing the resistance mediated by ABCB1. Targeting BRPFs specifically resulted in the resensitization of resistant cells, while no such effect was observed on the sensitive compartment. These cells were successfully arrested at the G2/M phase of cell cycle and underwent apoptosis upon BRPF inhibition, confirming the restoration of taxane susceptibility. Pharmacological inhibition of BRPFs reduced ABCB1 activity, indicating that BRPFs may be involved in an efflux-related mechanism. Indeed, ChIP-qPCR analysis confirmed binding of BRPF1 to the ABCB1 promoter suggesting direct regulation of the ABCB1 gene at the transcriptional level. RNA-seq analysis revealed that BRPF1 knockdown affects the genes enriched in mTORC1 and UPR signaling pathways, revealing potential mechanisms underlying its functional impact, which is further supported by the enhancement of taxane response through the combined inhibition of ABCB1 and mTOR pathways, providing evidence for the involvement of multiple BRPF1-regulated pathways. Beyond clinical attributes (Gleason score, tumor stage, therapy outcome, recurrence), metastatic PCa databases further supported the significance of BRPF1 in taxane resistance, as evidenced by its upregulation in taxane-exposed PCa patients.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cevatemre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulut, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedeoglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isiklar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yedier Bayram, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan Ayhan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552560</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploiting Epigenetic Targets to Overcome Taxane Resistance in Prostate Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
weIMPUTE: A User-Friendly Web-Based Genotype Imputation Platform 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.10.552759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genotype imputation is a critical preprocessing step in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), enhancing statistical power for detecting associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by increasing marker size. In response to the needs of researchers seeking user-friendly graphical tools for imputation without requiring informatics or computer expertise, we have developed weIMPUTE, a web-based imputation graphical user interface (GUI). Unlike existing genotype imputation software, weIMPUTE supports multiple imputation software, including SHAPEIT, Eagle, Minimac4, Beagle, and IMPUTE2, while encompassing the entire workflow, from quality control to data format conversion. This comprehensive platform enables both novices and experienced users to readily perform imputation tasks. For reference genotype data owners, weIMPUTE can be installed on a server or workstation, facilitating web-based imputation services without data sharing. weIMPUTE represents a versatile imputation solution for researchers across various fields, offering the flexibility to create personalized imputation servers on different operating systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.10.552759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[weIMPUTE: A User-Friendly Web-Based Genotype Imputation Platform]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose contributes to CXCL5 regulated immune evasion in pancreatic cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCXCR1/2 inhibitors are being implemented with immunotherapies in PDAC clinical trials. Cytokines responsible for stimulating these receptors include CXCL ligands, typically secreted by activated immune cells, fibroblasts, and even adipocytes. Obesity has been linked to poor patient outcome and altered anti-tumor immunity. Adipose-derived cytokines and chemokines have been implicated as potential drivers of tumor cell immune evasion, suggesting a possibility of susceptibility to targeting specifically in the context of obesity.

MethodsRNA-sequencing of human PDAC cell lines was used to assess differential influences on the cancer cell transcriptome after treatment with conditioned media from peri-pancreatic adipose tissue of lean and obese PDAC patients. The adipose-induced secretome of PDAC cells was then assessed by cytokine arrays and ELISAs. Lentiviral transduction and CRISPR-Cas9 was used to knock out CXCL5 from a murine PDAC cell line for orthotopic tumor studies in diet-induced obese, syngeneic mice. Flow cytometry was used to define the immune profiles of tumors. Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy was administered to alleviate T cell exhaustion and invoke an immune response, while the mice were monitored at endpoint for differences in tumor size.

ResultsThe chemokine CXCL5 was secreted in response to stimulation of PDAC cells with human adipose conditioned media (hAT-CM). PDAC CXCL5 secretion was induced by either IL-1{beta} or TNF, but neutralization of both was required to limit secretion. Ablation of CXCL5 from tumors promoted an immune phenotype susceptible to PD-1 inhibitor therapy. While application of anti-PD-1 treatment to control tumors failed to alter tumor growth, knockout CXCL5 tumors were diminished.

ConclusionsIn summary, our findings show that known adipokines TNF and IL-1{beta} can stimulate CXCL5 release from PDAC cells in vitro. In vivo, CXCL5 depletion alone is sufficient to promote T cell infiltration into tumors in an obese setting, but requires checkpoint blockade inhibition to alleviate tumor burden.

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENTRaw and processed RNAseq data will be further described in the GEO accession database (awaiting approval from GEO for PRJ number). Additional raw data is included in the supplemental material and available upon reasonable request.

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPICObesity is linked to a worsened patient outcome and immunogenic tumor profile in PDAC. CXCR1/2 inhibitors have begun to be implemented in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapies to promote T cell infiltration under the premise of targeting the myeloid rich TME.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDSUsing in vitro/ex vivo cell and tissue culture-based assays with in vivo mouse models we have identified that adipose derived IL-1{beta} and TNF can promote tumor secretion of CXCL5 which acts as a critical deterrent to CD8 T cell tumor infiltration, but loss of CXCL5 also leads to a more immune suppressive myeloid profile.

HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE, OR POLICYThis study highlights a mechanism and emphasizes the efficacy of single CXCR1/2 ligand targeting that could be beneficial to overcoming tumor immune-evasion even in the obese PDAC patient population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Walsh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrose, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messaggio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eades, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruckert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalise, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanSaun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose contributes to CXCL5 regulated immune evasion in pancreatic cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553438v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Combined PI3K and MAPK inhibition synergizes to suppress PDAC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.15.553438v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oncogenic KRAS mutations are nearly ubiquitous in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet therapeutic attempts to target KRAS as well as its target MAPK pathway effectors have shown limited success due to the difficulty to pharmacologically target KRAS, inherent drug resistance in PDAC cells, and acquired resistance through activation of alternative mitogenic pathways such JAK-STAT and PI3K-AKT. While KRAS canonically drives the MAPK signaling pathway via RAF-MEK-ERK, it is also known to play a role in PI3K-AKT signaling. Our therapeutic study targeted the PI3K-AKT pathway with the drug Omipalisib (p110/{beta}/{delta}/{gamma} and mTORC1/2 inhibitor) in combination with MAPK pathway targeting drug Trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor) or SHP099-HCL (SHP099), which is an inhibitor of the KRAS effector SHP2. Western blot analysis demonstrated that application of Trametinib or SHP099 alone selectively blocked ERK phosphorylation (pERK) but failed to suppress phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and in some instances increased pAKT levels. Conversely, Omipalisib alone successfully inhibited pAKT but failed to suppress pERK. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combination therapeutic comprised of Omipalisib with either Trametinib or SHP099 would inhibit two prominent mitogenic pathways, MEK and PI3K-AKT, to more effectively suppress pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies demonstrated that both Omipalisib/Trametinib and Omipalisib/SHP099 combination therapeutic strategies were generally more effective than treatment with each drug individually at reducing proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration compared to vehicle controls. Additionally, we found that while combination Omipalisib/SHP099 treatment reduced implanted tumor growth in vivo, the Omipalisib/Trametinib treatment was significantly more effective. Therefore, we additionally tested the Omipalisib/Trametinib combination therapeutic in the highly aggressive PKT (Ptf1acre, LSL-KrasG12D, TGFbR2fl/fl) spontaneous mouse model of PDAC. We subsequently found that PKT mice treated with the Omipalisib/Trametinib combination therapeutic survived significantly longer than mice treated with either drug alone, and more than doubled the mean survival time of vehicle control mice. Altogether, our data support the importance of a dual treatment strategy targeting both MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eades, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalise, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanSaun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553438</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Combined PI3K and MAPK inhibition synergizes to suppress PDAC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.17.553760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its comorbidities are a major public health concern. In addition to peripheral tissues, T2D also impacts the central nervous system leading to neurocognitive impairments, including memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. The metabolic determinants of these neurocognitive impairments remain unidentified. Here, we used a novel proprietary high-fat diet, in which glucose intolerance precedes weight gain, to decipher the metabolic determinants of neurocognitive affects. We show that this model exhibits anxiety-like behaviors, without eliciting depression nor recognition memory deficits. Long-term feeding leads to weight gain, brain glucose hypometabolism and impaired recognition memory alongside the early onset anxiety-like behavior. Using an established genetic model of T2D (db/db) and of diet-induced obesity we show that additional insulin resistance and obesity are associated with depressive-like behaviors and recognition memory deficits. Our findings indicate that glucose intolerance alone can elicit anxiety-like behaviors. Through this study we also provide a novel nutritional model to characterize the discrete effects of glucose intolerance on cognition, behavior, and the physiology of metabolic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Al-Onaizi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braysh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkefeef, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altarrah, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dannoon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alasousi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Ajmi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najem, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizam, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>John, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thanaraj, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hussaini, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Mulla, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzaid, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.553899v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.18.553899v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While immune genes are often among the fastest evolving genes in the genome, in Drosophila, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles are maintained in populations. In this study, we focus on the Drosophila antimicrobial peptide Diptericin A, which has a segregating amino acid polymorphism associated with differential survival after infection with the Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri. Diptericin A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common Drosophila gut microbes, especially those of Lactobacillus plantarum. In addition to genotypic effects on gut immunity, we also see strong sex-specific effects that are most prominent in flies without functional diptericin A. To further characterize differences in microbiomes between different diptericin genotypes, we used 16S metagenomics to look at the microbiome composition. We used both lab reared and wild caught flies for our sequencing and looked at overall composition as well as the differential abundance of individual bacterial families. Overall, we find flies that are homozygous for one allele of diptericin A are better equipped to survive a systemic infection from P. rettgeri, but in general have a shorter lifespans after being fed common gut commensals. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the maintenance of genetic variation of diptericin A through the complex interactions of sex, systemic immunity, and the maintenance of the gut microbiome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mullinax, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.18.553899</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.20.554026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The "motive cocktail" in altruistic behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.20.554026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prosocial motives such as social equality and efficiency are key to altruistic behaviors. However, predicting the range of altruistic behaviors in varying contexts and among different individuals proves challenging if we limit ourselves to one or two motives, as most previous studies have done. Here we demonstrate the numerous, interdependent motives in altruistic behaviors and the possibility to disentangle them through behavioral experimental data and computational modeling. In one laboratory experiment (N=157) and one pre-registered online replication (N=1258) across 100 different situations, we found that both third-party punishment and helping behaviors aligned best with a model of seven socioeconomic motives, referred to as a "motive cocktail", including two compound motives. For instance, the "inequality discounting" motives imply that individuals, when confronted with costly interventions, behave as if the inequality between others barely exists. The motive cocktail model also provides a unified explanation for a range of phenomena in the literature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.20.554026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The "motive cocktail" in altruistic behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Switching Go-Martini for Investigating Protein Conformational Transitions and Associated Protein-Lipid Interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.21.554122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins are dynamic biomolecules that can transform between different conformational states when exerting physiological functions, which is difficult to simulate by using all-atom methods. Coarse-grained G[o]-like models are widely-used to investigate large-scale conformational transitions, which usually adopt implicit solvent models and therefore cannot explicitly capture the interaction between proteins and surrounding molecules, such as water and lipid molecules. Here, we present a new method, named Switching G[o]-Martini, to simulate large-scale protein conformational transitions between different states, based on the switching G[o] method and the coarse-grained Martini 3 force field. The method is straight-forward and efficient, as demonstrated by the benchmarking applications for multiple protein systems, including glutamine binding protein (GlnBP), adenylate kinase (AdK), and {beta}2-adrenergic receptor ({beta}2AR). Moreover, by employing the Switching G[o]-Martini method, we can not only unveil the conformational transition from the E2Pi-PL state to E1 state of the Type 4 P-type ATPase (P4-ATPase) flippase ATP8A1-CDC50, but also provide insights into the intricate details of lipid transport.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.21.554122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Switching Go-Martini for Investigating Protein Conformational Transitions and Associated Protein-Lipid Interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Herptile gut microbiomes: a natural system to study multi-kingdom interactions between filamentous fungi and bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.23.554450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reptiles and amphibians (herptiles) represent some of the more endangered and threatened species on the planet and numerous conservation strategies are being implemented with the goal of ensuring species recovery. Little is known, however, about the wild gut microbiome of herptiles and how it relates to the health of wild populations. Here we report results from both a broad survey of hosts and a more intensive sampling of hosts and geography of fungi and bacteria associated with herptile gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that bacterial communities sampled from frogs, lizards and salamanders are structured by the host higher level taxonomy and that the fungus Basidiobolus is a common and natural component of these wild gut microbiomes. Intensive sampling of multiple hosts across the ecoregions of Tennessee revealed that geography and host:geography interactions are strong predictors of distinct Basidiobolus OTUs present within a given host. Co-occurrence analyses of Basidiobolus and bacterial community diversity supports a correlation and interaction between Basidiobolus and bacteria, suggesting that Basidiobolus may play a role in structuring the bacterial community. We further the hypothesis that this interaction is advanced by unique specialized metabolism originating from horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to Basidiobolus, and demonstrate that Basidiobolus is capable of producing a diversity of specialized metabolites including small cyclic peptides.

IMPORTANCEThis work significantly advances our understanding of interactions in herptile microbiomes; the role that fungi play as a structural and functional member of herptile gut microbiomes; and the chemical functions that structure host:microbiome phenotypes. We also provide an important observational system of how the gut microbiome represents a unique environment that selects for novel metabolic functions through horizontal gene transfer between fungi and bacteria. Such studies are needed to better understand the complexity of gut microbiomes in nature and will inform conservation strategies for threatened species of herpetofauna.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vargas-Gastelum, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romer, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghotbi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moe, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McPhail, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neuhaus, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadmani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spatafora, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stajich, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabima, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.23.554450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Herptile gut microbiomes: a natural system to study multi-kingdom interactions between filamentous fungi and bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved dual-color GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine (DA) plays multiple roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes via a vast network of dopaminergic projections. To fully dissect the spatiotemporal dynamics of DA release in both dense and sparsely innervated brain regions, we developed a series of green and red fluorescent GPCR activation-based DA (GRABDA) sensors using a variety of DA receptor subtypes. These sensors have high sensitivity, selectivity, and signal-to-noise properties with subsecond response kinetics and the ability to detect a wide range of DA concentrations. We then used these sensors in freely moving mice to measure both optogenetically evoked and behaviorally relevant DA release while measuring neurochemical signaling in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and cortex. Using these sensors, we also detected spatially resolved heterogeneous cortical DA release in mice performing various behaviors. These next-generation GRABDA sensors provide a robust set of tools for imaging dopaminergic activity under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campbell, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watabe-Uchida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved dual-color GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phage transcriptional regulator X (PtrX)-mediated augmentation of toxin production and virulence in Clostridioides difficile strain R20291 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore-forming bacterial member of the human gut microbiome. The primary virulence factors of C. difficile are toxin A and toxin B. These toxins damage the cell cytoskeleton and cause various diseases, from diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis. Evidence suggests that bacteriophages can regulate the expression of the pathogenic locus (PaLoc) genes of C. difficile. We previously demonstrated that the genome of the C. difficile strain RT027 (NCKUH-21) contains a prophage-like DNA sequence, which was found to be markedly similar to that of the {varphi}CD38-2 phage. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the {varphi}NCKUH-21-mediated regulation of the pathogenicity and the PaLoc genes expression in the lysogenized C. difficile strain R20291. The carriage of {varphi}NCKUH-21 in R20291 cells substantially enhanced toxin production, bacterial motility, biofilm formation, and spore germination in vitro. Subsequent mouse studies revealed that the lysogenized R20291 strain caused a more severe infection than the wild-type strain. We screened three {varphi}NCKUH-21 genes encoding DNA-binding proteins to check their effects on PaLoc genes expression. The overexpression of NCKUH-21_03890, annotated as a transcriptional regulator (phage transcriptional regulator X, PtrX), considerably enhanced toxin production, biofilm formation, and bacterial motility of R20291. Transcriptome analysis further confirmed that the overexpression of ptrX led to the upregulation of the expression of toxin genes, flagellar genes, and csrA. In the ptrX-overexpressing R20291 strain, PtrX influenced the expression of flagellar genes and the sigma factor gene sigD, possibly through an increased flagellar phase ON configuration ratio.

Author SummaryClostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that can lead to antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. During the C. difficile infection (CDI), the major virulence factor is the secretion of two exotoxins, toxin A and B, to destroy host intestinal epithelium cells. The investigation of bacteriophages affecting the toxicity of C. difficile has increasingly been research. We previously isolated a C. difficile clinical strain NCKUH-21, which carried a phage-like DNA sequence, and named it {varphi}NCKUH-21. However, whether this prophage could enhance the virulence of C. difficile and the mechanism for regulating the pathogenicity are still unclear. We successfully created a {varphi}NCKUH-21-lysogenized R20291 strain and showed that lysogenized R20291 performed stronger pathogenicity than the wild-type R20291. We found that a {varphi}NCKUH-21-specific protein (encoded by NCKUH-21_03890 gene) might influence C. difficile flagellar phase variation to promote toxin production further. These findings are expected to clarify the mechanism for controlling the pathogenicity of {varphi}NCKUH-21-infected C. difficile. Moreover, we also believe that the existence of hypervirulent C. difficile strains carrying a prophage should be monitored proactively in hospitals to prevent severe CDI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gong, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hung, Y. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phage transcriptional regulator X (PtrX)-mediated augmentation of toxin production and virulence in Clostridioides difficile strain R20291]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554579v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The evolution of autonomy from two cooperative specialists in the fluctuating environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554579v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From microbes to humans, organisms perform numerous tasks for their survival, including food acquisition, migration, and reproduction. A complex biological task can be performed by either an autonomous organism or by cooperation among several specialized organisms. However, it remains unclear how autonomy and cooperation evolutionarily switch. For example, it remains unclear whether and how a group of cooperative specialists can evolve into an autonomous organism. Here, we address this question by experimentally evolving a mutualistic microbial consortium composed of two specialists that cooperatively degrade naphthalene. We observed that autonomous genotypes capable of performing the entire naphthalene degradation pathway evolved from two cooperative specialists and came to dominate the microbial community. This evolutionary transition was driven by the horizontal gene transfer between the two specialists. However, this evolution was exclusively observed to occur in the fluctuating environment supplied with either naphthalene or pyruvate, where mutualism and competition between the two specialists alternated. The naphthalene-supplied environment exerts selective pressure that favors the expansion of autonomous genotypes but was associated with both low cell density and low coexistence levels. In contrast, the pyruvate-supplying environment promoted the coexistence and cell density of the cooperative specialists, thereby increasing the likelihood of horizontal gene transfer. Using a mathematical model, we quantitatively demonstrate that environmental fluctuations facilitate the evolution of autonomy through HGT when the relative growth rate and carrying capacity of the cooperative specialists allow enhanced coexistence and higher cell density in the competitive environment. Together, our results demonstrate that mutualistic cooperation can evolve into autonomous organisms through direct genetic exchange under specific conditions, including the alternation of mutualism and competition in fluctuating environments in a manner frequently occurring in nature.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554579</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The evolution of autonomy from two cooperative specialists in the fluctuating environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554599v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing visual perceptual learning using transcranial electrical stimulation: transcranial alternating current stimulation outperforms both transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554599v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diverse strategies can be employed to enhance visual skills, including visual perceptual learning (VPL) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Combining VPL and tES is a popular method that holds promise for significant improvements in visual acuity within a short time frame. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding the effects of combining different types of tES and VPL on enhancing visual function, especially with a larger sample size. In the present study, we recruited four groups of subjects (26 subjects each) to learn an orientation discrimination task with five daily training sessions. During training, subjects occipital region was stimulated by one type of tES (anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, high-frequency random noise stimulation (tRNS), and sham tACS) while performing the training task. We found that compared with the sham stimulation, both the high-frequency tRNS and the 10 Hz tACS facilitated VPL efficiently in terms of learning rate and performance improvement, while there was little modulatory effect in the anodal tDCS condition. Remarkably, the 10 Hz tACS condition exhibited superior modulatory effects to the tRNS condition, demonstrating the strongest modulation among the most commonly used tES types for further enhancing vision when combined with VPL. Our results suggest that alpha oscillations play a vital role in VPL. Our study provides a practical guide for vision rehabilitation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554599</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing visual perceptual learning using transcranial electrical stimulation: transcranial alternating current stimulation outperforms both transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554712v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Non-Invasive Perfusion Imaging of the Human Brain via Breath-Holding: A DSC MRI Study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554712v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI plays a pivotal role in the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of several neurovascular diseases, but is limited by its reliance on gadolinium, an intravascularly injected chelated metal. Here, we determined the feasibility of measuring perfusion using a DSC analysis of breath-hold-induced gradient-echo-MRI signal changes. We acquired data at both 3T and 7T from ten healthy participants who engaged in eight consecutive breath-holds. By pairing a novel arterial input function strategy with a standard DSC MRI analysis, we measured the cerebral blood volume, flow, and transit delay, and found values to agree with those documented in the literature using gadolinium. We also observed voxel-wise agreement between breath-hold and arterial spin labeling measures of cerebral blood flow. Breath-holding resulted in significantly higher contrast-to-noise (6.2 at 3T vs 8.5 at 7T) and gray matter-to-white matter contrast at higher field strength. Finally, using a simulation framework to assess the effect of dynamic vasodilation on perfusion estimation, we found global perfusion underestimation of 20-40%. For the first time, we have assessed the feasibility of and limitations associated with using breath-holds for perfusion estimation with DSC. We hope that the methods and results presented in this study will help pave the way toward contrast-free perfusion imaging, in both basic and clinical research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schulman, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashyap, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uludag, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554712</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Non-Invasive Perfusion Imaging of the Human Brain via Breath-Holding: A DSC MRI Study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554721v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Heroes and villains: opposing narrative roles engage neural synchronization in the lateral inferior frontal gyrus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.24.554721v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroscientific studies have highlighted the role of the default mode network (DMN) in processing narrative information. Here, we examined whether the neural synchronization of the DMN tracked the appearances of characters with different narrative roles (i.e., protagonists versus antagonists) when viewing highly engaging, socially rich audiovisual narratives. Using inter-subject correlation analysis on two independent, publicly available movie-watching functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets (Sherlock and The Grand Budapest Hotel), we computed whole-brain neural synchronization during the appearance of the protagonists and antagonists. Results showed that the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which are components of the DMN, had higher ISC values during the appearance of the protagonists compared to the antagonists. Importantly, these findings were commonly observed in both datasets. We discuss the present results in the context of information integration and emotional empathy, which are relevant functions known to be supported by the DMN. Our study presents generalizable evidence that regions within the DMN - particularly the IFG and OFC - show distinctive synchronization patterns due to differences in narrative roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ryu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.24.554721</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Heroes and villains: opposing narrative roles engage neural synchronization in the lateral inferior frontal gyrus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-term breast cancer response to CDK4/6 inhibition defined by TP53-mediated geroconversion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases has led to improved outcomes in breast cancer. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients experience long-term disease control. Using a clinically-annotated cohort of patients with metastatic HR+ breast cancer, we identified TP53 loss (28.8%) and MDM2 amplification (6.7%) to be associated with lack of long-term disease control. Human breast cancer models revealed that p53 loss did not affect CDK4/6 activity or G1-blockade, but instead promoted drug-insensitive p130 phosphorylation by CDK2. Persistence of phospho-p130 prevented DREAM complex assembly, enabling cell cycle reentry and tumor progression. Inhibitors of CDK2 could overcome p53 loss, leading to geroconversion and manifestation of senescence phenotypes. Complete inhibition of both CDK4/6 and CDK2 kinases appears to be necessary to facilitate long-term response across genomically-diverse HR+ breast cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kudo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Safonov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Will, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fushimi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakshatri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reis-Filho, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koff, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weigelt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Razavi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandarlapaty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-term breast cancer response to CDK4/6 inhibition defined by TP53-mediated geroconversion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The genome of the colonial hydroid Hydractinia reveals their stem cells use a toolkit of genes shared with all animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.25.554815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hydractinia is a colonial marine hydroid that exhibits remarkable biological properties, including the capacity to regenerate its entire body throughout its lifetime, a process made possible by its adult migratory stem cells, known as i-cells. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of the genomic structure and gene content of two Hydractinia species, H. symbiolongicarpus and H. echinata, placing them in a comparative evolutionary framework with other cnidarian genomes. We also generated and annotated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas for adult male H. symbiolongicarpus and identified cell type markers for all major cell types, including key i-cell markers. Orthology analyses based on the markers revealed that Hydractinias i-cells are highly enriched in genes that are widely shared amongst animals, a striking finding given that Hydractinia has a higher proportion of phylum-specific genes than any of the other 41 animals in our orthology analysis. These results indicate that Hydractinias stem cells and early progenitor cells may use a toolkit shared with all animals, making it a promising model organism for future exploration of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The genomic and transcriptomic resources for Hydractinia presented here will enable further studies of their regenerative capacity, colonial morphology, and ability to distinguish self from non-self.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schnitzler, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waletich, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, W. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doonan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gahan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiroga-Artigas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DuBuc, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Febrimarsa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Jong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nawrocki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Larson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klasfeld, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gornik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfsberg, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phillippy, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullikin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simakov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicotra, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frank, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxevanis, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.25.554815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The genome of the colonial hydroid Hydractinia reveals their stem cells use a toolkit of genes shared with all animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural dynamics at cytosolic inter-protomer interfaces control gating of a mammalian TRPM5 channel 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.26.554973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) family of tetrameric cation channels is involved in a wide range of biological functions, from sensory perception to cardiac function. The structurally conserved TRPM cytoplasmic domains make up > 70 % of the total protein. To investigate the mechanism by which the TRPM cytoplasmic domains contribute to gating, we employed electrophysiology and cryo-EM to study TRPM5 - a channel that primarily relies on activation via intracellular Ca2+. Here we show that activation of mammalian TRPM5 channels is strongly altered by desensitization. Structures of rat TRPM5 identify a series of conformational transitions triggered by Ca2+ binding. These transitions involve formation and dissolution of cytoplasmic inter-protomer interfaces, where the MHR1/2 domain and the rib helix play important roles. This study shows the importance of the cytoplasmic assembly in TRPM5 channel function and sets the stage for future investigations of other members of the TRPM family.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karuppan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrag, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jara-Oseguera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zubcevic, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.26.554973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural dynamics at cytosolic inter-protomer interfaces control gating of a mammalian TRPM5 channel]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555062v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of 2-amide-3-methylester thiophenes inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribosyl hydrolysing macrodomain and coronavirus replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.28.555062v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has made it clear that further development of antiviral therapies will be needed to combat additional SARS-CoV-2 variants or novel CoVs. Here, we describe small molecule inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1, which counters ADP-ribosylation mediated innate immune responses. The compounds inhibiting Mac1 were discovered through high-throughput screening (HTS) using a protein FRET-based competition assay and the best hit compound had an IC50 of 14 {micro}M. Three validated HTS hits have the same 2-amide-3-methylester thiophene scaffold and the scaffold was selected for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through commercial and synthesized analogs. We studied the compound binding mode in detail using X-ray crystallography and this allowed us to focus on specific features of the compound and design analogs. Compound 27 (MDOLL-0229) had an IC50 of 2.1 {micro}M and was generally selective for CoV Mac1 proteins after profiling for activity against a panel of viral and human ADP-ribose binding proteins. The improved potency allowed testing of its effect on virus replication and indeed, 27 inhibited replication of both MHVa prototype CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, sequencing of a drug-resistant MHV identified mutations in Mac1, further demonstrating the specificity of 27. Compound 27 is the first Mac1 targeted small molecule demonstrated to inhibit coronavirus replication in a cell model. This, together with its well-defined binding mode, makes 27 a good candidate for further hit/lead-optimization efforts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wazir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parviainen, T. A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maksimainen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, M. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cluff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sowa, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galera-Prat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraris, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiskanen, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtiö, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.28.555062</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of 2-amide-3-methylester thiophenes inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribosyl hydrolysing macrodomain and coronavirus replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A trade-off in controlling upstream and downstream noise in signaling networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signal transduction, underpinning the function of a variety of biological systems, is inevitably affected by fluctuations. It remains intriguing how the timescale of a signaling network relates to its capability of noise control, specifically, whether long timescale can average out fluctuation or accumulate fluctuation. Here, we consider two noise components of the signaling system: the upstream noise from the fluctuation of the input signal and the downstream noise from the stochastic fluctuations of the network. We discover a fundamental trade-off in controlling the upstream and downstream noise: a longer timescale of the signaling network can buffer upstream noise, while accumulate downstream noise. Moreover, we confirm that this trade-off relation exists in real biological signaling networks such as a fold-change detection circuit and the p53 activation signaling system.

Author SummaryInformation transmission is vital in biological systems, such as decoding the information regarding nutrient levels during chemotaxis or morphogen concentrations in tissue development. While fluctuations arising from the stochastic nature of biological processes inevitably affect information transmission, noise control mechanisms have been studied for decades. However, it remains controversial what the role of the slow dynamics (long timescale) is in noise control. On the one hand, it has been reported to attenuate noise by averaging out fluctuations. On the other hand, it is also proposed to amplify noise by accumulating fluctuations. Here we dissect the noise in signaling systems into two components: upstream noise originating from signal fluctuation, and downstream noise from the network stochasticity. Our analysis reveals that upstream noise negatively correlates with timescale, while downstream noise exhibits a positive correlation, indicating a fundamental trade-off in controlling the two noise components. Moreover, we provide an intuitive illustration to understand this phenomenon using the concept of landscape representation. Mathematically, we analytically derive a trade-off relation that agrees well with simulations. Our results uncover a new property of noise in signaling processes, deepening our understanding of noise control and proposing a new perspective in designing signaling network.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kong, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A trade-off in controlling upstream and downstream noise in signaling networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555317v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human-brown bear conflicts in Turkey are driven by increased human presence around protected areas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555317v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human-wildlife conflict is increasing steadily worldwide and is rapidly becoming an important challenge for the success of conservation programs. Brown bears, which suffer from reduced habitat suitability and quality globally, frequently conflict with humans. These animals need large home ranges to fulfill their habitat requirements. When space and food are restricted, brown bears frequently shift towards human-dominated landscapes that offer reliable food sources. As a country where most of the landscape and habitats are human-dominated, human-brown bear conflict events (HBCs) are frequent in Turkiye. However, there has been no formal analysis of the nature and scope of these conflicts at the country level. Here, using HBC data from 2017 to 2022, we determined the spatial and temporal dynamics of HBC events and generated a risk probability map based on anthropogenic predictors and geographic profiling, to determine the factors driving HBC across Turkiye. HBC events did not show any annual or seasonal trends but varied considerably across biogeographic regions, with most conflicts occurring along the Black Sea coast and Eastern Anatolia. Sixty percent of all conflicts were due to bear foraging behavior in human settlements while twelve percent were the result of human activity in forests, with 57% of all conflict events resulting in direct injury to either humans or bears. We found that distance to villages, distance to protected areas, distance to farmland and human footprint to be the most important factors contributing to conflict risk. Consequently, 21% of the country was found to be under human-bear conflict risk, with 43% of the risks occurring within a 10 km radius from the centers of protected areas. Our analyses indicate that the high occurrence of HBCs is mainly the result of limited natural areas and resources available to brown bears and the increasing human encroachment in and around core bear habitats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sikdokur, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naderi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celtik, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aytekin, M. C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusak, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saglam, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sekercioglu, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.29.555317</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human-brown bear conflicts in Turkey are driven by increased human presence around protected areas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555211v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455-456 enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555211v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) XBB lineages have achieved dominance worldwide and keep on evolving. Convergent evolution of XBB lineages on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) L455F and F456L is observed, resulting in variants like EG.5, FL.1.5.1, XBB.1.5.70, and HK.3. Here, we show that neutralizing antibody (NAb) evasion drives the convergent evolution of F456L, while the epistatic shift caused by F456L enables the subsequent convergence of L455F through ACE2 binding enhancement and further immune evasion. L455F and F456L evade Class 1 NAbs, reducing the neutralization efficacy of XBB breakthrough infection (BTI) and reinfection convalescent plasma. Importantly, L455F single substitution significantly dampens receptor binding; however, the combination of L455F and F456L forms an adjacent residue flipping, which leads to enhanced NAbs resistance and ACE2 binding affinity. The perturbed receptor-binding mode leads to the exceptional ACE2 binding and NAb evasion, as revealed by structural analyses. Our results indicate the evolution flexibility contributed by epistasis cannot be underestimated, and the evolution potential of SARS-CoV-2 RBD remains high.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555211</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 XBB lineages on receptor-binding domain 455-456 enhances antibody evasion and ACE2 binding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555640v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancement of Protein Stability by Quenching Millisecond Conformational Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.30.555640v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein folding may involve folding intermediates. Ubiquitin (Ub) is a 76-residue small protein essential in post-translational modification and cell signaling. Ub is also a model system of protein folding. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of a folding intermediate, as Ub C-terminal residues, including strand {beta}5, only dock correctly at a later stage. The natively folded Ub undergoes conformational dynamics over a vast range of timescales. At the millisecond timescale, Ub transiently digresses to a C-terminally retracted state, which is extremely rare and has only been recently identified at an elevated temperature. Herein through a conjoint use of NMR, MS, and MD simulations, we have established a link between Ub millisecond dynamics and protein stability. Among the alanine mutations that have been systematically introduced to the hydrophobic residues in {beta}5, L67A and L69A elevate the population of the retracted state and enhance conformational interconversion, which facilitates the undocking of {beta}5 and the exposure of protein hydrophobic core. Conversely, L71A and L73A mutations decrease the population of the retracted state and quench millisecond dynamics, which causes a significant enhancement of protein stability. As such, the transition state of Ub millisecond dynamics is the much sought-after folding intermediate, whereas C-terminal mutations alleviate the dependence on this intermediate and reduce the unfolding to an all-or-none process. Though having a negative impact on protein stability, Ub millisecond dynamics likely facilitate proper protein turnover and allow the fulfillment of its biological function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruan, M.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.30.555640</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancement of Protein Stability by Quenching Millisecond Conformational Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SIDERITE: Unveiling Hidden Siderophore Diversity in the Chemical Space Through Digital Exploration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.31.555687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Siderophores, a highly diverse family of secondary metabolites, play a crucial role in facilitating the acquisition of the essential iron. However, the current discovery of siderophore relies largely on manual approaches. In this work, we introduced SIDERTE, a digitized siderophore information database containing 872 siderophore records with 649 unique structures. Leveraging this digitalized dataset, we gained a systematic overview of siderophores by their clustering patterns in the chemical space. Building upon this, we developed a functional group-based method for predicting new iron-binding molecules. Applying this method to 4,314 natural product molecules from TargetMols Natural Product Library for high throughput screening, we experimentally confirmed that 40 out of the 48 molecules predicted as siderophore candidates possessed iron-binding abilities. Expanding our approach to the COCONUT natural product database, we predicted a staggering 3,199 siderophore candidates, showcasing remarkable structure diversity that are largely unexplored. Our study provides a valuable resource for accelerating the discovery of novel iron-binding molecules and advancing our understanding towards siderophores.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.08.31.555687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SIDERITE: Unveiling Hidden Siderophore Diversity in the Chemical Space Through Digital Exploration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Timing-dependent modulation of working memory by VTA dopamine release in medial prefrontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine significantly modulates working memory (WM)1-8, a fundamental cognitive function that maintains information during a brief delay period9-11. The temporal precision of dopaminergic modulation in WM and related neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here we unveiled the pivotal role of dopamine timing in WM performance with head-fixed mice engaged in learning an olfactory WM task. Through electrophysiology and optogenetics, we found that dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) could encode WM information during the delay period, and manipulating dopaminergic neuronal activity bidirectionally modulated WM performance in an inverted U-shaped manner. Optogenetic manipulation of VTA activity also induced bidirectional changes in WM-related neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Imaging with a dopamine-sensitive GPCR-activation-based sensor (GRABDA)12,13 revealed transient dopamine peaks in the mPFC specifically during the early-delay period. Optogenetic stimulation of VTA-to-mPFC dopaminergic projections during the early- and late-delay period enhanced and impaired WM performance, respectively. Manipulations outside these periods or involving the nucleus accumbens had no effect. Single-unit recordings demonstrated that optogenetic excitation of VTA-to-mPFC projections could modulate mPFC neuronal activity in a manner consistent with behavioral modulation. Thus, the timing of dopamine release is critical in modulation of neuronal activity and behavior.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Timing-dependent modulation of working memory by VTA dopamine release in medial prefrontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556004v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of an antibiotic resistance efflux pump by quorum sensing and a TetR-family repressor in Chromobacterium subtsugae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.02.556004v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The soil bacterium Chromobacterium substugae uses a single LuxI-R-type quorum-sensing system, CviI-R, to regulate genes in a cell density-dependent manner. CviI synthesizes the signal N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and CviR is a C6-HSL-responsive cytoplasmic transcription regulator. C6-HSL-bound CviR activates dozens of genes, for example the cdeAB-oprM cluster coding for an efflux pump conferring antibiotic resistance. The cdeAB-oprM genes are also regulated by an antibiotic-responsive transcription factor, CdeR, which represses expression of these genes. We are interested in understanding how C. subtsugae integrates different environmental cues to regulate antibiotic resistance. In this study, we sought to delineate the mechanism of regulation of the cdeAB-oprM genes by CviR and CdeR. In recombinant E. coli, the cdeA promoter is activated by CviR and repressed by CdeR. We identify non-overlapping sequence elements in the cdeA promoter that are required for CviR activation and CdeR repression, respectively. We also examined the role of CdeR in modulating cdeA activation by C6-HSL in C. subtsugae. We show that CviR and CdeR can independently modulate transcription from the cdeA promoter in C. subtsugae, consistent with the conclusion that CviR and CdeR regulate the cdeAB-oprM genes by interacting directly with different binding sites in the cdeA promoter. These results contribute to a molecular understanding of how the cdeAB-oprM genes are regulated and provide new insight into how C. subtsugae integrates different environmental cues to regulate antibiotic resistance.

ImportanceMany bacteria regulate antibiotic resistance in response to antibiotics and other cues from the environment. In many cases the regulatory mechanisms are best understood in the context of clinical isolates where mutations frequently emerge in resistance regulation pathways. However, an understanding of the role of antibiotic resistance regulators in integrating environmental information is less well understood. In the soil bacterium Chromobacterium subtsugae, an antibiotic-resistance gene cluster is regulated by population density and antibiotics through two different transcription factors; the quorum sensing signal receptor CviR and an antibiotic-responsive transcription factor CdeR. In this study, we show that these factors independently modulate the transcription of the antibiotic resistance genes and coordinate to ensure sensitive responses to changes in cell density. The results give new insight into antibiotic resistance regulation in C. subtsugae and contribute to a broader understanding of how bacteria optimize the regulation of antibiotic resistance in response to changes in the environment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koirala, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doody, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackwell, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.02.556004</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of an antibiotic resistance efflux pump by quorum sensing and a TetR-family repressor in Chromobacterium subtsugae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigenicity and infectivity characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.01.555815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variant, BA.2.86, which carries a substantial number of Spike mutations, has raised a global alarm. An immediate assessment of its antigenic properties and infectivity is necessary. Here, we reveal the distinct antigenicity of BA.2.86 compared with previous variants including XBB.1.5. BA.2.86 significantly evades convalescent plasma from XBB breakthrough infection (BTI) and reinfections. Key mutations that mediate the enhanced resistance include N450D, K356T, L452W, A484K, V483del, and V445H on the RBD, while BA.2.86s NTD mutations and E554K on SD1 also largely contribute. However, we found that BA.2.86 pseudovirus exhibits compromised efficiency of infecting HEK293T-hACE2 cells compared to XBB.1.5 and EG.5, which may be caused by K356T, V483del, and E554K, and could potentially limit BA.2.86s transmissibility. In sum, it appears that BA.2.86 has traded its infectivity for higher immune evasion during long-term host-viral evolution. Close attention should be paid to monitoring additional mutations that could improve BA.2.86s infectivity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.01.555815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigenicity and infectivity characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.554310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dietary road salt and monarch butterflies: minimal effects on larval growth, immunity, wing coloration, and migration to Mexico 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.554310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spectacular migration of the monarch butterfly is under threat from the loss of habitat and the decline of their milkweed host plants. In the northern part of their range, roadsides could potentially produce millions of monarchs annually due to high densities of milkweed, however roadside milkweed can accumulate chemicals from roads, such as sodium from road salt. Controlled lab studies have shown mixed effects of sodium on monarch development: small increases can be beneficial as sodium is an important micronutrient in brain and muscle development, but large increases can sometimes decrease survival. It is unclear how dietary sodium affects performance in ecologically relevant conditions, and the migration itself. In this experiment, we raised monarchs outdoors, in migration-inducing conditions, on milkweed sprayed with three levels of sodium chloride. We released 2500 tagged monarchs and held an additional 250 for further lab assays. While our recovery rates to the wintering grounds were low (N = 7 individuals), individuals from all three sodium chloride treatments made it to Mexico. Butterflies reared on control milkweed and low salt concentrated sodium in their tissues, while those on high salt diets excreted sodium, suggesting levels were above a physiological optimum. There were no effects of treatment on wing coloration, survival, body size, immunity, or parasite prevalence. Taken together, our results suggest that monarchs are robust to levels of sodium in milkweeds found along roadsides, which is promising with respect to monarch conservation efforts that promote roadside habitat.

Significance StatementMonarch butterflies are a flagship species for pollinator conservation, and were recently being listed as endangered by the IUCN. Roadside habitat is a target for monarch breeding habitat as they often have high densities of milkweed, the monarch hostplant. However, roadsides can also have high levels of pollutants, such as salt from deicing treatments. We reared monarch caterpillars on sodium treated milkweeds, measuring a suite of performance measures, and releasing nearly 2500 tagged monarchs for migration. We found little effect of salt on migration to Mexico, survival, body size, development time, parasite prevalence, immunity, or coloration. Monarchs appear robust to levels of sodium found in milkweed along roadsides, supporting the possibility of roadsides as habitat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hund, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitchell, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramirez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zambre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hagg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stene, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porter, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carper, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agnew, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shephard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobiela, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oberhauser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, O. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snell-Rood, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.554310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dietary road salt and monarch butterflies: minimal effects on larval growth, immunity, wing coloration, and migration to Mexico]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HOXB13 alters chromatin accessibility in prostate cancer through interactions with the SWI/SNF complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.04.556101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HOXB13 is a posterior homeobox protein that is associated with the initiation and growth of prostate cancer (PCa). While most research has focused on the role of HOXB13 on androgen receptor (AR) activity, we demonstrate that HOXB13 is essential to the proliferation of both AR-positive and -negative PCa. Strikingly, HOXB13 is remarkably selective and has almost no effect on non-prostatic tissues. Despite this common essentiality in PCa, HOXB13 activity is markedly different in AR-negative PCa, where interactions with the AP-1 change the HOXB13 cistrome in stem-cell like castration-resistant prostate cancer. We show that HOXB13 activity is commonly mediated by SMARCD2, a member of the mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Despite the distinct transcription factor interactions in AR-positive and -negative PCa the HOXB13/SMARCD2 commonly alters chromatin accessibility at HOXB13 binding sites that causes increased proliferation in PCa. Overall, this work demonstrates a novel mechanism of action for HOXB13 and highlights its critical role in AR-negative castration-resistant prostate cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lingadahalli, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazlioglu, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altintas, U. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cingoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, I. P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andomat, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulac, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikbas, U. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleave, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fazli, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cejas, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cherkasov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwart, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.04.556101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HOXB13 alters chromatin accessibility in prostate cancer through interactions with the SWI/SNF complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556430v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of Turkish Pine Honey and Differentiation from other floral honey types from Oceania, Aegean, West Coast by NMR spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556430v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Honey is a viscous, supersaturated sugar solution produced by bees through the enzymatic transformation of nectar from flowers, containing a complex mixture of carbohydrates, organic acids, enzymes, and other minor constituents. Although honey has been used for thousands of years for its nutritional and medicinal properties, it has been the subject of increasing attention in recent years due to increasing adulterated honey production. Consequently, assessment of honey quality and authenticity has become essential to ensure consumer confidence of regional honey and to perverse the practice of authentic honey production. In this study, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to characterize Turkish Pine honey and compare it to flower honey originating from the Oceania, Aegean, and West Coast of North America regions. Utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy, the chemical profile of Turkish Pine honey was characterized, and unique peaks were found. Additionally, PLS-DA statistical analysis was employed to further investigate the distinction of Turkish Pine honey among other floral and regional honeys. Upon completion of our statistical analysis, we were able to effectively distinguish Turkish Pine honey from other regional honey types, allowing us to formulate a universal test for authenticity of Turkish Pine Honey.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gocenler, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.05.556430</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of Turkish Pine Honey and Differentiation from other floral honey types from Oceania, Aegean, West Coast by NMR spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.03.556148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ghost W chromosomes and unique genome architecture in ghost moths of the family Hepialidae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.03.556148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The classical model of sex chromosome evolution has been recently challenged in moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera). According to the current hypothesis, the adoption of a supernumerary chromosome may have driven the transition from the Z0 to the WZ sex chromosome system in females. However, the evolutionary history of the W chromosome remains enigmatic, especially in the early-diverging lepidopteran lineages. In ghost moths of the family Hepialidae, one of the most basal lepidopteran clades, there is conflicting evidence regarding their sex chromosomes. In this study, we aimed to clarify the status of the hepialid W chromosome. Using cytogenetics and genomics, we investigated the karyotype, sex chromosomes, genome size and repeatome of multiple ghost moth species and reconstructed basic phylogenetic relationships in the group. Our data show that Hepialidae have unusually large genomes (reaching up to 1C = 3 Gb) and are the oldest known lepidopteran clade with a W chromosome. However, the W does not form a typical heterochromatin body in polyploid nuclei, known as sex chromatin, previously employed to detect the presence of W chromosomes across Lepidoptera. Moreover, in some species, the W does not exhibit distinct repeat content and can escape detection via methods that rely on W-specific sequences. Analysis of the Z chromosome confirmed highly conserved gene content, arguing for a possible origin of the hepialid W chromosome from a B chromosome. We hypothesize that the mechanism underlying the formation of sex chromatin could be used in future research to study the origin of the W chromosome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chung Volenikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahara, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stundlova, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalikova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutecky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grof-Tisza, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simonsen, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zurovec, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provaznikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marec, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.03.556148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ghost W chromosomes and unique genome architecture in ghost moths of the family Hepialidae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GametesOmics: A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Database for Exploring the Gametogenesis in Humans and Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.05.556316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gametogenesis plays an important role in the reproduction and evolution of species. The transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in this process can influence the reproductive capacity, fertilization, and embryonic development. The rapidly increasing single-cell studies have provided valuable multi-omics resources. However, data from different layers and sequencing platforms have not been uniformed and integrated, which greatly limits their use for exploring the molecular mechanisms that underlie oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Here, we developed GametesOmics, a comprehensive database that integrated the data of gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans and mice. GametesOmics provides a user-friendly website and various tools, including Search and Advanced Search for querying the expression and epigenetic modification of each gene; Analysis Tools with Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) analysis for identifying DEGs, Correlation analysis for demonstrating the genetic and epigenetic changes, Visualization for displaying single-cell cluster and screening marker genes as well as master transcription factors (TFs), and MethylView for studying the genomic distribution of epigenetic modifications. GametesOmics also provides Genome Browser and Orthologs for tracking and comparing gene expression, DNA methylations, as well as chromatin accessibilities between humans and mice. GametesOmics offers a comprehensive resource for biologists and clinicians to decipher the cell fate transition in germ cell development, and can be accessed at http://gametesomics.cn/.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.05.556316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GametesOmics: A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Database for Exploring the Gametogenesis in Humans and Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exposure-based sequence learning induces backward replay in the human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.07.556631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ability of cortical circuits to adapt in response to experience is a fundamental property of the brain. After exposure to a moving dot sequence, flashing a dot as a cue at the starting point of the sequence can elicit successive elevated responses even in the absence of the sequence. These cue-triggered elevated responses have been shown to play a crucial role in predicting future events in dynamic environments. However, temporal sequences we are exposed typically contain rich feature information. It remains unknown whether the elevated responses are feature specific and, more crucially, how the brain organizes sequence information after exposure. To address these questions, participants were exposed to a predefined sequence of four motion directions for about 30 min, followed by the presentation of the start or end motion direction of the sequence as a cue. Surprisingly, we found that cue-triggered elevated responses were not specific to any motion direction. Interestingly, motion direction information was spontaneously reactivated, and the motion sequence was backward replayed in a time-compressed manner. These effects were observed even after brief exposure. Notably, no replay events were observed when the second or third motion direction of the sequence served as a cue. Further analyses revealed that activity in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) preceded the ripple power increase in visual cortex at the onset of replay, implying a coordinated relationship between the activities in the MTL and visual cortex. Together, these findings demonstrate that visual sequence exposure induces two-fold brain plasticity that may simultaneously serve for different functional purposes. The non-feature-specific elevated responses may facilitate general processing of upcoming stimuli, whereas the feature-specific backward replay may underpin passive learning of visual sequence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.556631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exposure-based sequence learning induces backward replay in the human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556905v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alzheimer mutations stabilize synaptotoxic γ-secretase-substrate complexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.08.556905v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimers disease is characterized pathologically by cerebral deposition of 42-residue amyloid {beta}-peptide (A{beta}42), proteolytically produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by {beta}- and {gamma}-secretases.1 Although mutations in APP and presenilin, the catalytic component of {gamma}-secretase, cause familial Alzheimers disease (FAD), a role for A{beta}42 as the primary disease driver has not been clearly established and remains controversial.2,3 Here we show through comprehensive analysis of the multi-step proteolysis of APP substrate C99 by {gamma}-secretase that FAD mutations are consistently deficient in early proteolytic events, not later events that produce secreted A{beta} peptides. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed that a substrate mimetic traps {gamma}-secretase at the transition state for intramembrane proteolysis, and this structure closely aligns with activated enzyme-substrate complex captured by molecular dynamics simulations. In silico simulations and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in cultured cells support stabilization by FAD mutations of enzyme-substrate and/or enzyme-intermediate complexes. Neuronal expression of C99 and/or presenilin-1 in Caenorabditis elegans led to age-dependent synaptic loss only when one of the transgenes carried an FAD mutation. Designed mutations that stabilize the enzyme-substrate complex and block proteolysis likewise led to synaptic loss. Collectively, these findings implicate the stalled process--not the released products--of {gamma}-secretase cleavage of substrates in FAD pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devkota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maesako, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noorani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Overmeyer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattarai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Douglas, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556905</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alzheimer mutations stabilize synaptotoxic γ-secretase-substrate complexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.557012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-GlcNAcylation of YTHDF2 antagonizes ERK-dependent phosphorylation and inhibits lung carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.09.557012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation mediates many signal transduction events and regulates tumorigenesis. Previously the RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader, YTH (YT521-B homology) domain 2 (YTHDF2), has been shown to be O-GlcNAcylated on Ser-263 during Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and promote HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein we mapped YTHDF2 O-GlcNAcylation at Thr-49 via electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry under unperturbed conditions. We show that YTHDF2 Thr-49 O-GlcNAcylation antagonizes Extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-39 and promotes YTHDF2 degradation. The downstream signaling pathway of YTHDF2 in lung carcinoma are thus upregulated, which leads to the downregulation of c-Myc. We further used mouse xenograft models to show that YTHDF2-T49A mutants increased lung cancer mass and size. Our work reveals a key role of YTHDF2 O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis and suggests that O-GlcNAcylation exerts distinct functions under different biological stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.09.557012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-GlcNAcylation of YTHDF2 antagonizes ERK-dependent phosphorylation and inhibits lung carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PfMORC protein regulates chromatin accessibility and transcriptional repression in the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The environmental challenges the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, faces during its progression into its various lifecycle stages warrant the use of effective and highly regulated access to chromatin for transcriptional regulation. Microrchidia (MORC) proteins have been implicated in DNA compaction and gene silencing across plant and animal kingdoms. Accumulating evidence has shed light into the role MORC protein plays as a transcriptional switch in apicomplexan parasites. In this study, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool along with complementary molecular and genomics approaches, we demonstrate that PfMORC not only modulates chromatin structure and heterochromatin formation throughout the parasite erythrocytic cycle, but is also essential to the parasite survival. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments suggest that PfMORC binds to not only sub-telomeric regions and genes involved in antigenic variation but may also play a role in modulating stage transition. Protein knockdown experiments followed by chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) studies indicate that downregulation of PfMORC impairs key histone marks and induces the collapse of the parasite heterochromatin structure leading to its death. All together these findings confirm that PfMORC plays a crucial role in chromatin structure and gene regulation, validating this factor as a strong candidate for novel antimalarial strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chahine, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lenz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudhomme, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PfMORC protein regulates chromatin accessibility and transcriptional repression in the human malaria parasite, P. falciparum.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557195v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A large effect genetic trade-off is caused by a single mutation in  CBF2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557195v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying the genetic basis of local adaptation and fitness trade-offs across environments is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Cold acclimation is an adaptive plastic response for surviving seasonal freezing, and costs of acclimation may be a general mechanism for fitness trade-offs across environments in temperate zone species. Starting with locally adapted ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana from Italy and Sweden, we examined the fitness consequences of a naturally occurring functional polymorphism in CBF2. This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a major regulator of cold-acclimated freezing tolerance, and resides within a locus responsible for a genetic trade-off for long-term mean fitness. We estimated the consequences of alternate genotypes of CBF2 on 5-year mean fitness and fitness components at the native field sites by comparing near isogenic lines with alternate genotypes of CBF2 to their genetic background ecotypes. The effects of CBF2 were validated at the nucleotide level using gene edited lines in the native genetic backgrounds grown in simulated parental environments. The foreign CBF2 genotype in the local genetic background reduced long-term mean fitness in Sweden by more than 10%, primarily via effects on survival. In Italy, fitness was reduced by more than 20%, primarily via effects on fecundity. At both sites, the effects were temporally variable and much stronger in some years. The gene edited lines confirmed that CBF2 encodes the causal variant underlying this genetic trade-off. Additionally, we demonstrated a substantial fitness cost of cold acclimation, which has broad implications for potential maladaptive responses to climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilkes, B. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.11.557195</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A large effect genetic trade-off is caused by a single mutation in  CBF2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557193v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional connectome through the human life span 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557193v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lifespan growth of the functional connectome remains unknown. Here, we assemble task-free functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 33,250 individuals aged 32 postmenstrual weeks to 80 years from 132 global sites. We report critical inflection points in the nonlinear growth curves of the global mean and variance of the connectome, peaking in the late fourth and late third decades of life, respectively. After constructing a fine-grained, lifespan-wide suite of system-level brain atlases, we show distinct maturation timelines for functional segregation within different systems. Lifespan growth of regional connectivity is organized along a primary-to-association cortical axis. These connectome-based normative models reveal substantial individual heterogeneities in functional brain networks in patients with autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimers disease. These findings elucidate the lifespan evolution of the functional connectome and can serve as a normative reference for quantifying individual variation in development, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557193</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional connectome through the human life span]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Notch3 deletion regulates HIV-1 gene expression and systemic inflammation to ameliorate chronic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased HIV-1 associated morbidity. However, despite ART, immune cells remain latently infected and slowly release viral proteins, leading to chronic inflammation and HIV-1 associated comorbidities. New strategies are needed to target viral proteins and inflammation. We found activation of Notch3 in several renal cells of the HIV-1 mouse model (HIV-Tg26) and in patients with HIV associated Nephropathy. We hypothesized that targeting Notch3 activation constitutes an effective therapy for HIV-related chronic kidney diseases (HIV-CKD). We generated HIV-Tg26 mice with Notch3 knocked out (Tg-N3KO). Compared to HIV-Tg26 mice at 3 months, HIV-Tg-N3KO mice showed a marked reduction in renal injury, skin lesions and mortality rate. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that N3KO not only reduced renal infiltrating cells but significantly reduced the expression of HIV genes. Moreover, Notch3 activated the HIV-promoter and induction of HIV-1 resulted in increased Notch3 activation indicating a feedback mechanism. Further, bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) from HIV-Tg26 mice showed activation of Notch3 indicating systemic effects. Consistent with that, systemic levels of TNF-, MCP-1 and other inflammatory chemokines and cytokines were reduced in Tg-N3KO mice. Thus, Notch3 inhibition/deletion has a dual therapeutic effect in HIV-CKD and may extend to other HIV-related pathologies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thornton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sommer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGonigle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ram, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerrathota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehirim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh Phan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talreja, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Notch3 deletion regulates HIV-1 gene expression and systemic inflammation to ameliorate chronic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.10.557080v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effect of Sunlight Intensity on Flower Opening Time and Exposure Duration in Rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) Landraces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.10.557080v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Records of sunlight intensity at anthesis of 388 rice landraces (with 32 replicated populations), flowering in the short-day season of 2022, reveal that under cloudy condition, the rice florets tend to open later, or the sunrise-to-anthesis duration (SAD) is longer when rice florets open than at sunny period. This difference in the length of SAD was statistically highly significant (p < 0.0001), confirmed by two sample permutation test with 10,000 iterations. This finding corroborates our general observation previously reported from a larger set of 1114 landraces (including the 388 landraces in this study). However, the intensity of sunlight at the flower opening time (FOT) may not remain uniformly sunny (high illuminance) or cloudy (low illuminance, < 40000 lux) until the flower closing time (FCT). To understand the effect of uniformly low sunlight intensity, we subsequently recorded solar illuminance at FOT of 33 landrace populations (including 8 repeats). Half of each population was kept under artificial shade, compared to the other half exposed to sunlight. This experiment revealed that low illuminance, mimicking overcast days, significantly (p < 0.01) delays FOT and lengthens SAD, corroborating the pattern detected in our earlier findings. Permutation tests with 10,000 iterations decisively confirms (p < 0.0001) the prolongation of SAD under shade and cloudy condition. Experimental shading has an indeterminate effect on FED of the same landraces. We surmise that the delayed FOT during natural cloudy period is an adaptation in rice plants in anticipation of rain, for protection of the pollen from rainwash.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deb, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nauri, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.10.557080</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effect of Sunlight Intensity on Flower Opening Time and Exposure Duration in Rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) Landraces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557853v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-Cas9 Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Hearing Loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.14.557853v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Clinical translation of gene therapy has been challenging, due to limitations in current delivery vehicles such as traditional viral vectors. Herein, we report the use of gRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) for in vivo gene therapy. By leveraging a novel high-throughput microfluidic droplet-based electroporation system (DES), we achieved 10-fold enhancement of loading efficiency and more than 1000-fold increase in processing throughput on loading RNP complexes into EVs (RNP-EVs), compared with conventional bulk electroporation. The flow-through droplets serve as enormous bioreactors for offering millisecond pulsed, low-voltage electroporation in a continuous-flow and scalable manner, which minimizes the Joule heating influence and surface alteration to retain natural EV stability and integrity. In the Shaker-1 mouse model of dominant progressive hearing loss, we demonstrated the effective delivery of RNP-EVs into inner ear hair cells, with a clear reduction of Myo7ash1 mRNA expression compared to RNP-loaded lipid-like nanoparticles (RNP-LNPs), leading to significant hearing recovery measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABR).

One sentence summaryThe scalable microfluidic electroporation system enables the loading of gRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes into extracellular vesicles, which leads to clinical translation potential employed in hearing disease gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchinson, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erwin, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenberg, Z. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernadez, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staecker, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.14.557853</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-Cas9 Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Hearing Loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cerebellar disinhibitory circuit supports synaptic plasticity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How does the cerebellum learn how to control motion? The cerebellar motor learning critically depends on the long-term depression of the synapses between granule cells and Purkinje cells, which encode motor commands and inhibitory modifications to motor outputs, respectively, for simultaneous granule cell inputs and climbing fibre inputs, the latter of which encode the error signals1-3. However, recent studies have revealed that inhibitory inputs to Purkinje cells may disrupt long-term depression4-8, and it is not clear how long-term depression can occur without disruption. In search of a clue, we investigated the synaptic connectivity among the neurons reconstructed from serial electron microscopy images of the cerebellar molecular layer9,10. We discovered synapses between climbing fibres and a subset of inhibitory interneurons, which synapse onto the remaining interneurons, which in turn synapse onto Purkinje cells. Such connectivity redefines the interneuron types, which have been defined morphologically or molecularly11-13. Together with climbing fibres to Purkinje cell connections, those cell types form a feedforward disinhibitory circuit14. We argued that this circuit secures long-term depression by suppressing inhibition whenever climbing fibre input is provided and long-term depression needs to occur15, and we validated the hypothesis through a computational model. This finding implies a general principle of circuit mechanism in which disinhibition supports synaptic plasticity16,17.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cerebellar disinhibitory circuit supports synaptic plasticity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557874v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SACNet: A Multiscale Diffeomorphic Convolutional Registration Network with Prior Neuroanatomical Constraints for Flexible Susceptibility Artifact Correction in Echo Planar Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.15.557874v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Susceptibility artifacts (SAs), inevitable in brain diffusion MR (dMRI) scans acquired using single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI), severely compromise the accurate detection of human brain structure. Existing SA correction (SAC) methods offer inadequate correction quality and limited applicability across diverse datasets with varied acquisition protocols. To address these challenges, we proposed SACNet, a SAC framework based on unsupervised registration convolutional networks, featuring: i) a novel diffeomorphism regularization function to avoid unnatural SAC warps, modified from a potential well function; ii) an integration with prior neuroanatomical constraints and coarse-to-fine processing strategy to enables multi-scale geometric and intensity recoveries in severe distorted areas; iii) a unified registration framework that incorporates multiple phase-encoding (PE) EPI images and structural images, ensuring compatibility with both single- and inverse-PE protocols, with or without field maps. Utilizing simulated dMRI images and over 2000 brain scans from neonatal, child, adult and traveling participants, our method consistently demonstrates state-of-the-art correction performance. Notably, SACNet effectively reduces SAs-related multicenter effects compared to existing methods. We have developed user-friendly tools using containerization techniques, hope to facilitate SAC correction quality across extensive neuroimaging studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.557874</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SACNet: A Multiscale Diffeomorphic Convolutional Registration Network with Prior Neuroanatomical Constraints for Flexible Susceptibility Artifact Correction in Echo Planar Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryptic splicing mediates genetic and therapeutic perturbation of human gene expression levels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in human genes, yet the specific function of most AS events remains unknown. It is widely assumed that the primary function of AS is to diversify the proteome, however AS can also influence gene expression levels by producing transcripts rapidly degraded by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Currently, there are no precise estimates for how often the coupling of AS and NMD (AS-NMD) impacts gene expression levels because rapidly degraded NMD transcripts are challenging to capture. To better understand the impact of AS on gene expression levels, we analyzed population-scale genomic data in lymphoblastoid cell lines across eight molecular assays that capture gene regulation before, during, and after transcription and cytoplasmic decay. Sequencing nascent mRNA transcripts revealed frequent aberrant splicing of human introns, which results in remarkably high levels of mRNA transcripts subject to NMD. We estimate that [~]15% of all protein-coding transcripts are degraded by NMD, and this estimate increases to nearly half of all transcripts for lowly-expressed genes with many introns. Leveraging genetic variation across cell lines, we find that GWAS trait-associated loci explained by AS are similarly likely to associate with NMD-induced expression level differences as with differences in protein isoform usage. Additionally, we used the splice-switching drug risdiplam to perturb AS at hundreds of genes, finding that [~]3/4 of the splicing perturbations induce NMD. Thus, we conclude that AS-NMD substantially impacts the expression levels of most human genes. Our work further suggests that much of the molecular impact of AS is mediated by changes in protein expression levels rather than diversification of the proteome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fair, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abad, C. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lozano, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staley, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryptic splicing mediates genetic and therapeutic perturbation of human gene expression levels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Recent secondary contact, genome-wide admixture, and limited introgression of neo-sex chromosomes between two Pacific island bird species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.13.557611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secondary contact between closely related taxa represents a "moment of truth" for speciation. Removal of geographic barriers allows us to test the strength of reproductive isolation that evolved in allopatry and identify the genetic, behavioral, and/or ecological barriers that separate species in sympatry. Sex chromosomes are known to rapidly accumulate differences between species, an effect that may be exacerbated for neo-sex chromosomes because they are regions of the genome that have recently become linked to sex chromosomes and are transitioning from autosomal to sex-specific inheritance. Two closely related bird species in the honeyeater family -- Myzomela cardinalis and Myzomela tristrami -- carry neo-sex chromosomes and have come into recent secondary contact in the Solomon Islands after being isolated for [~]3 my. Hybrids of these two species have been observed in sympatry for at least 100 years. To determine the genetic consequences of hybridization, we use population genomic analyses of individuals sampled in allopatry and sympatry to characterize gene flow in the contact zone. Using genome-wide estimates of diversity, differentiation, and divergence, we find that the degree and direction of introgression varies dramatically across the genome. Autosomal introgression is bidirectional, with phenotypic hybrids and phenotypic parentals of both species showing admixed ancestry. On the sex and neo-sex chromosomes, the story is different. Introgression of Z is limited and neo-Z sequence shows no evidence of introgression, whereas introgression of W and neo-W is strong but highly asymmetric, moving only from the invasive M. cardinalis to the resident M. tristrami. Thus, reproductive isolation is incomplete, but sex and neo-sex chromosome regions have prevented gene flow in one (W/neo-W) or both (Z/neo-Z) directions. The recent contact between previously isolated species indicates that hybridization may permit gene flow between taxa in some genomic regions, but species divergence can be maintained by barriers to gene flow associated with rapidly evolving sex-linked regions of the genome.

Author SummaryWhen a new species colonizes an island and interacts with a closely related native species, we are provided with a rare opportunity to identify the factors that keep species distinct and the consequences of interbreeding. Regions of the genome that evolve rapidly or influence mate choice may be especially likely to act as barriers to gene flow. The red Myzomela cardinalis, birds in the honeyeater family, have recently arrived to Makira in the Solomon Islands, joining the endemic, all black Myzomela tristrami. We used population genomic analyses of individuals in geographic isolation, as well as those in geographic contact with the other species, to understand the history of these two species and the consequences of their recent range overlap on Makira. We found that regions of the genome that are sex-specific (i.e., sex chromosomes) were either limited in their ability to move between species, or only moved in one direction, from the invading M. cardinalis to the native M. tristrami. This work highlights how certain regions of the genome may be especially important in defining species boundaries and the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shogren, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardell, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muirhead, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marti, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Presgraves, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uy, J. A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.13.557611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Recent secondary contact, genome-wide admixture, and limited introgression of neo-sex chromosomes between two Pacific island bird species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.558075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Common Approach to Artifact Correction and Rejection in Event-related Potential Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.16.558075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eyeblinks and other large artifacts can create two major problems in event-related potential (ERP) research, namely confounds and increased noise. Here, we developed a method for assessing the effectiveness of artifact correction and rejection methods at minimizing these two problems. We then used this method to assess a common artifact minimization approach, in which independent component analysis (ICA) is used to correct ocular artifacts, and artifact rejection is used to reject trials with extreme values resulting from other sources (e.g., movement artifacts). This approach was applied to data from five common ERP components (P3b, N400, N170, mismatch negativity, and error-related negativity). Four common scoring methods (mean amplitude, peak amplitude, peak latency, and 50% area latency) were examined for each component. We found that eyeblinks differed systematically across experimental conditions for several of the components. We also found that artifact correction was reasonably effective at minimizing these confounds, although it did not usually eliminate them completely. In addition, we found that the rejection of trials with extreme voltage values was effective at reducing noise, with the benefits of eliminating these trials outweighing the reduced number of trials available for averaging. For researchers who are analyzing similar ERP components and participant populations, this combination of artifact correction and rejection approaches should minimize artifact-related confounds and lead to improved data quality. Researchers who are analyzing other components or participant populations can use the method developed in this study to determine which artifact minimization approaches are effective in their data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrett, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiat, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luck, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.16.558075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Common Approach to Artifact Correction and Rejection in Event-related Potential Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557463v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unsaturated intercellular vapor pressure is relevant for leaf water heavy isotope enrichment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.12.557463v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Leaf intercellular vapor pressure (ei) can be unsaturated, but its effect on leaf water heavy isotope enrichment (LWE) has not yet been quantified. We evaluated the ecological relevance of unsaturated ei for LWE, i.e., for leaf water oxygen-18 and deuterium enrichment, using data from a boreal forest stand and a large-scale dataset. Unsaturated ei can firstly affect LWE by directly decreasing ei in the Craig Gordon model (Mechanism 1), which leads to an increased influence of atmospheric vapor isotopic enrichment above source water ({Delta}v), and a decreased influence of kinetic fractionation by diffusion through the stomata and boundary layer ({varepsilon}k). Unsaturated ei can secondly affect LWE by changing {varepsilon}k (Mechanism 2). To evaluate the effect of Mechanism 1 to LWE, we employed sensitivity tests on LWE model performance using varying measured intercellular relative humidity (RHcellular), or RHcellular fitted to observed LWE. To explore the effects of Mechanism 2 to LWE, we modified the calculation of {varepsilon}k and observed consequences to LWE predictions. Unsaturated ei is relevant to LWE by Mechanism 1, since a lowered RHcellular noticeably changed LWE predictions. It clearly improved deuterium predictions and conditionally improved oxygen-18 predictions. Isotope fractionation by Mechanism 2 is unlikely relevant to oxygen-18 and deuterium enrichment. Unsaturated ei must now be recognized as a variable that introduces error to heavy isotope enrichment models and reconstructions from organic material, via Mechanism 1. We suggest a correction for unsaturated ei for both oxygen-18 and deuterium enrichment using a variable RHcellular calculated from atmospheric relative humidity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Angove, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saurer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kilpeläinen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahmen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiestl-Aalto, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tikkasalo, O.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bäck, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinne-Garmston, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.12.557463</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unsaturated intercellular vapor pressure is relevant for leaf water heavy isotope enrichment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558176v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sweetwater: an underrated crude glycerol for sustainable lipid production in non-conventional yeasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558176v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sweetwater, a methanol-free by-product of the fat splitting process, is an emerging alternative feedstock for microbial utilization of crude glycerol. Yeasts are promising candidates in this context due to their versatility in delivering a wide range of value-added products including lipids. To enhance sweetwater utilization, we investigated the growth and lipid production of 21 oleaginous yeast strains in sweetwater and found that nutrient limitation and the unique carbon composition of sweetwater boosted significant lipid accumulation in several strains, in particular Rhodosporidium toruloides NRRL Y-6987. To decipher the underlying mechanism, the transcriptomic changes of R. toluroides NRRL Y-6987 were further analyzed, indicating potential sugars and oligopeptides in sweetwater supporting growth and lipid accumulation as well as exogenous fatty acid uptake leading to the enhanced lipid accumulation. Our comparative study successfully demonstrated sweetwater as a cost-effective feedstock and suggested potential sweetwater type and strain engineering targets for increasing microbial lipid production.

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=139 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558176v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ad5738org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@139227eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7a8e1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e072c6_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malika Keita, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ow, D. S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staniland, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staniland, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savill, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tee, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558176</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sweetwater: an underrated crude glycerol for sustainable lipid production in non-conventional yeasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ACE2-Coated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A large body of research accumulated over the past three years dedicated to our understanding and fighting COVID-19. Blocking the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2 receptor has been considered an effective strategy as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. In this study, we developed ACE2-coated virus-like particles (ACE2-VLPs), which can be utilized to prevent viral entry into host cells and efficiently neutralize the virus. These ACE2-VLPs exhibited high neutralization capacity even when applied at low doses, and displayed superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles carrying ACE2, in the in vitro pseudoviral assays. ACE2-VLPs were stable under different environmental temperatures, and they were effective in blocking all tested variants of concern in vitro. Finally, ACE2-VLPs displayed marked neutralization capacity against Omicron BA.1 in the Vero E6 cells. Based on their superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles, and their demonstrated success against live virus, ACE2-VLPs can be considered as vital candidates for treating SARS-CoV-2. This novel therapeutic approach of VLP coating with receptor particles can serve as proof-of-concept for designing effective neutralization strategies for other viral diseases in the future.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=78 SRC="FIGDIR/small/558424v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@30ac94org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1926217org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@165d9f0org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c737f9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG In our study, we demonstrate the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the use of Ace2-coated VLPs.

C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bayraktar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayabolen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odabas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Durgun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sevinc, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supramaniam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ACE2-Coated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Diversity and distribution of viruses inhabiting the oil reservoirs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.19.558540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oil reservoirs, being one of the most significant subsurface repositories of energy and carbon, have long hosted diverse microorganisms affecting energy production and carbon emissions. Viruses play crucial roles in the ecology of microbiomes, however, their distribution and ecological significance in oil reservoirs remain undetermined. Here, we assembled an extensive catalogue encompassing viral and prokaryotic genomes sourced from oil reservoirs. The catalogue comprises 7,229 prokaryotic genomes and 6,218 viral genomes from 182 oil reservoir metagenomes, respectively. Based on sequence clustering we identified 3,886 Operational Taxonomic Units (vOTUs) approximately at species level, 94.80% of which were not found in any other environments. The results showed that viruses were widely distributed in oil reservoirs, and oil reservoirs contain a significant number of unique and unexplored viruses. We also constructed a catalogue of 322,060 viral gene clusters including 105 virus-encoded putative auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that participate in host metabolism and adaptation to the environment. Furthermore, our investigation has yielded a total of 7,197 putative virus-host pairs based on CRISPR and tRNA profiles. Viruses within oil reservoirs profoundly infected bacterial Actinobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, as well as archaeal Halobacteriota and Methanobacteriota. Combined microcosm enrichment experiments and bioinformatics analysis, we validated the ecological roles of viruses in regulating the community structure of sulfate reduction microorganisms, primarily through the predation of virulent viruses. Collectively, these findings have unveiled a rich diversity of novel viruses and their ecological functions within oil reservoirs. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of viral communities in the biogeochemical cycle of the deep biosphere. It also facilitates microbial applications aimed at addressing challenges related to fossil-fuel production and carbon emissions in the petroleum industry.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.19.558540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Diversity and distribution of viruses inhabiting the oil reservoirs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell regulome reveals evolutionary innovations in neural progenitor cells during primate corticogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular and genetic mechanism underlying the human-specific features of cortex development remains unclear. We generated a cell-type resolved atlas of transcriptome and regulome of the developing macaque and mouse prefrontal cortex, and conducted evolutionary analyses with the published complementary human data. We discovered a primate-specific expansion of two neural progenitor subclasses, glia-committed radial glia (RG) and truncated RG. Specifically, the human neural progenitors show extensive transcriptional rewiring in the growth factor and extracellular matrix pathways. Expression of the human-specific progenitor marker ITGA2 in the cortex of fetal mouse promotes progenitor proliferation and an increased upper-layer neuron proportion. We demonstrate that these transcriptional divergences are primarily driven by the activity changes of the distal regulatory elements in the genome. Markedly, the chromatin regions with human-gained accessibility enrich the human-fixed sequence changes, as well as sequence polymorphisms associated with intelligence and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results uncover evolutionary innovations in neural progenitors and gene regulatory mechanism during primate cortex evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell regulome reveals evolutionary innovations in neural progenitor cells during primate corticogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust Small Molecule-Aided Cardiac Reprogramming Systems Selective to Cardiac Fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.20.558597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Direct cardiac reprogramming to induce cardiomyocyte-like cells, e.g. by GMT (Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5), is a promising route for regenerating damaged heart in vivo and disease modelling in vitro. Supplementation with additional factors and chemical agents can enhance efficiency but raises concerns regarding selectivity to cardiac fibroblasts and complicates delivery for in situ cardiac reprogramming. Here, we screened 2000 chemicals with known biological activities and found that a combination of 2C (SB431542 and Baricitinib) significantly enhances cardiac reprogramming by GMT. Without Gata4, MT (Mef2c and Tbx5) plus 2C could selectively reprogram cardiac fibroblasts with enhanced efficiency, kinetics, and cardiomyocyte function. Moreover, 2C significantly enhanced cardiac reprogramming in human cardiac fibroblasts. 2C synergistically enhances cardiac reprogramming by inhibiting Alk5, Tyk2 and downregulating Oas2, Oas3, Serpina3n and Tgfbi. 2C enables selective and robust cardiac reprogramming that can greatly facilitate disease modelling in vitro and advance clinical therapeutic heart regeneration in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.20.558597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust Small Molecule-Aided Cardiac Reprogramming Systems Selective to Cardiac Fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing Luciferase Activity and Stability through Generative Modeling of Natural Enzyme Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.18.558367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The availability of natural protein sequences synergized with generative artificial intelligence (AI) provides new paradigms to create enzymes. Although active enzyme variants with numerous mutations have been produced using generative models, their performance often falls short compared to their wild-type counterparts. Additionally, in practical applications, choosing fewer mutations that can rival the efficacy of extensive sequence alterations is usually more advantageous. Pinpointing beneficial single mutations continues to be a formidable task. In this study, using the generative maximum entropy model to analyze Renilla luciferase homologs, and in conjunction with biochemistry experiments, we demonstrated that natural evolutionary information could be used to predictively improve enzyme activity and stability by engineering the active center and protein scaffold, respectively. The success rate of designed single mutants is [~]50% to improve either luciferase activity or stability. These finding highlights natures ingenious approach to evolving proficient enzymes, wherein diverse evolutionary pressures are preferentially applied to distinct regions of the enzyme, ultimately culminating in an overall high performance. We also reveal an evolutionary preference in Renilla luciferase towards emitting blue light that holds advantages in terms of water penetration compared to other light spectrum. Taken together, our approach facilitates navigation through enzyme sequence space and offers effective strategies for computer-aided rational enzyme engineering.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nandi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Warshel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.558367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing Luciferase Activity and Stability through Generative Modeling of Natural Enzyme Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution dissection of human cell type-specific enhancers in cis and trans activities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.23.559140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spatiotemporal specific gene expression is regulated by cell type-specific regulatory elements including enhancers, silencers and insulators etc. The massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) methods like STARR-seq facilitate the systematic study of DNA sequence intrinsic enhancer activities in a large scale. However, when applied to human cells, it remains challenging to identify and quantify cell type-specific active enhancers in the genome-wide scale with high-resolution, due to the large size of human genome. In this study, we selected the H3K4me1 associated dinucleosome with the linker DNA sequences as candidate enhancer sequences in two different human cell lines and performed ChIP-STARR-seq to quantify the cell type-specific enhancer activities with high-resolution in a genome-wide scale. Furthermore, we investigated how the activity landscape of enhancer repository would change when transferred from native cells (cis activity) to another cell lines (trans activity). Using ChIP-STARR-seq of the candidate enhancers in native cells and another type of cells, we obtained enhancers cis activity maps and trans activity maps in two different cell lines. The cis and trans activity maps enabled us to identify cell type-specific active enhancers, with enrichment of motifs of differentially expressed TFs. Comparisons between the cis and trans activity maps revealed general consistent regulatory property with different levels of activity in the two cell types, suggesting the sequence intrinsic regulatory properties keep similar in different type of cells. This study provides a new perspective of sequence intrinsic enhancer activities in different types of cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.23.559140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution dissection of human cell type-specific enhancers in cis and trans activities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.558917v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Functions of Structural Variants in Human Brain Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.558917v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Quantifying the structural variants (SVs) in nonhuman primates could provide a niche to clarify the genetic backgrounds underlying human-specific traits, but such resource is largely lacking. Here, we report an accurate SV atlas in a population of 562 rhesus macaques, verified by two public SV benchmarks, an inhouse benchmark of eight macaque genomes with long-read sequencing and another inhouse benchmark of one macaque genome with whole-genome assembly. This accurate, quantitative SV map indicates stronger purifying selection on inversions, one type of poorly-clarified SVs to date, especially for those located on regulatory regions, suggesting a strategy for prioritizing inversions with the most important functions. Based on the distribution and the evolutionary features of these inversions in macaque population, we then identified 75 human-specific inversions, clarified their functional effects and prioritized them. Notably, the top-ranked inversions have substantially shaped the human transcriptome, through their dual-effects of reconfiguring the ancestral genomic architecture and introducing regional mutation hotspots at the inverted regions. As a proof-of-concept, we linked APCDD1, located on one of these inversions with the highest rank score and downregulated in human brains, to neuronal maturation. The accumulation of human-specific mutations on its promoter region, accelerated by the formation of the inversion, contributed to the decreased expression in humans. Notably, the overexpression of APCDD1 could accelerate the neuronal maturation, while its depletion in mice delays the neuronal maturation. This study thus highlights the contribution of SVs, especially the inversions, to the distinct features in human brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.558917</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Functions of Structural Variants in Human Brain Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559336v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Context-aware single-cell multiome approach identified cell-type specific lung cancer susceptibility genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559336v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified over fifty loci associated with lung cancer risk. However, the genetic mechanisms and target genes underlying these loci are largely unknown, as most risk-associated-variants might regulate gene expression in a context-specific manner. Here, we generated a barcode-shared transcriptome and chromatin accessibility map of 117,911 human lung cells from age/sex-matched ever- and never-smokers to profile context-specific gene regulation. Accessible chromatin peak detection identified cell-type-specific candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) from each lung cell type. Colocalization of lung cancer candidate causal variants (CCVs) with these cCREs prioritized the variants for 68% of the GWAS loci, a subset of which was also supported by transcription factor abundance and footprinting. cCRE colocalization and single-cell based trait relevance score nominated epithelial and immune cells as the main cell groups contributing to lung cancer susceptibility. Notably, cCREs of rare proliferating epithelial cell types, such as AT2-proliferating (0.13%) and basal cells (1.8%), overlapped with CCVs, including those in TERT. A multi-level cCRE-gene linking system identified candidate susceptibility genes from 57% of lung cancer loci, including those not detected in tissue- or cell-line-based approaches. cCRE-gene linkage uncovered that adjacent genes expressed in different cell types are correlated with distinct subsets of coinherited CCVs, including JAML and MPZL3 at the 11q23.3 locus. Our data revealed the cell types and contexts where the lung cancer susceptibility genes are functional.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landi, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothman, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amos, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559336</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Context-aware single-cell multiome approach identified cell-type specific lung cancer susceptibility genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IRAK1 is a critical mediator of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-induced stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.25.559366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival rates are dishearteningly low, with [~]25% surviving beyond 5 years. Evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to acquired chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we show that IRAK1 is upregulated in EOC tissues, and enhanced expression correlates with poorer overall survival. IRAK1 and BRCA1/2 mutation status are mutually exclusive. Moreover, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW HA), which is abundant in malignant ascites from patients with advanced EOC, induced IRAK1 phosphorylation leading to STAT3 activation and enhanced spheroid formation. Knockdown of IRAK1 impaired tumor growth in peritoneal disease models, and impaired HA-induced spheroid growth and STAT3 phosphorylation. Finally, we determined that TCS2210, a known inducer of neuronal differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, is a selective inhibitor of IRAK1. TCS2210 significantly inhibited EOC growth in vitro and in vivo both as monotherapy, and in combination with cisplatin. Collectively, these data demonstrate IRAK1 as a druggable target for EOC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Standing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandawate, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covarrubias-Zambrano, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roby, K. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khabele, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jewell, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tawfik, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossmann, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.25.559366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IRAK1 is a critical mediator of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-induced stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quinoclamine inhibits Shiga toxin production in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectivesEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is responsible for the most severe symptoms of E. coli infections, including hemorrhagic colitis and hemorrhagic uremic syndrome. Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) plays a significant role as a major virulence factor. The genes encoding Stx2 locate in lambda-like prophage on the EHEC genome. Consequently, Stx2 is expressed when production of the phage is induced by the SOS response. Antibiotic treatment is not recommended for curing the bacterial infection, because it is associated with severe hemorrhagic uremic syndrome. If Stx2 production is prevented, EHEC pathogenicity significantly decreases, and antibiotics may be available to treat the infection.

MethodsWe conducted two independent screenings to identify Stx2 production inhibitors for libraries from the RIKEN Natural Product Depository (NPDepo); namely, screening of the Authentic Library, and two-round screening of the Pilot and Analog Libraries.

ResultsThe screening of Authentic Library identified niclosamide as a Stx2 production inhibitor. Besides, two naphthoquinoids were identified after the two-round of screening of the Pilot and Analog Libraries. Niclosamide, and quinoclamine, which has structure shared in the two naphthoquinoids, prevented cell lysis via the phage production and ceased Stx2 production in EHEC. The SOS reporter assay indicated that quinoclamine prevented the SOS response in E. coli, whereas niclosamide did not.

ConclusionsThese findings suggest that quinoclamine inhibited Stx2 production by preventing the SOS response, whereas niclosamide was involved in phage propagation following the SOS response. These compounds can be a potential therapeutic option to treat EHEC infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hirano, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quinoclamine inhibits Shiga toxin production in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional Chemoconnectomics: A Set of Libraries Targeting All Chemical Transmission Corresponding Genes Efficiently 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dissection of neural circuitry underlying behaviors is a central theme in neurobiology. We have previously proposed the concept of chemoconnectome (CCT) to cover the entire chemical transmission between neurons and target cells in an organize and created tools for studying it (CCTomics) by targeting all genes related to the CCT in Drosophila. Here we have created lines targeting the CCT in conditional manners after modifying GFP RNA interference, Flp-out and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. All three strategies are validated to be highly effective with the best using chromatin-peptide fused Cas9 variants and scaffold optimized sgRNAs. As a proof of principle, we conduct a comprehensive intersection analysis of CCT genes expression profiles in the clock neurons, uncovering 43 CCT genes present in clock neurons. Specific elimination of each from clock neurons revealed that loss of the neuropeptide CNMa in two posterior dorsal clock neurons (DN1ps) or its receptor (CNMaR) caused advanced morning activity, indicating a suppressive role of CNMa-CNMaR on morning anticipation, opposite to the promoting role of PDF-PDFR on morning anticipation. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of conditional CCTomics and its tools created by us here and establish an antagonistic relationship between CNMa-CNMaR and PDF-PDFR signaling in regulating morning anticipation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional Chemoconnectomics: A Set of Libraries Targeting All Chemical Transmission Corresponding Genes Efficiently]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Host Restriction Factors Critical for Recombinant AAV Transduction of Polarized Human Airway Epithelium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant (r)AAV2.5T was selected from the directed evolution of an AAV capsid library in human airway epithelium (HAE). The capsid gene of rAAV2.5T is a chimera of the N-terminal unique coding sequence of AAV2 VP1 unique (VP1u) and the VP2- and VP3-coding sequence of AAV5 with a single amino acid mutation of A581T. We conducted two rounds of genome wide CRISPR gRNA library screening for host factors limiting rAAV2.5T transduction in HeLa S3 cells. The screen identified several genes that are critical for rAAV2.5T transduction in HeLa S3 cells, including previously reported genes KIAA0319L, TM9SF2, VPS51, and VPS54, as well as a novel gene WDR63. We verified the role of KIAA0319L and WDR63 in rAAV2.5T transduction of polarized HAE by utilizing CRISPR gene knockouts. Although KIAA0319L, a proteinaceous receptor for multiple AAV serotypes, played an essential role in rAAV2.5T transduction of polarized HAE either from apical or basolateral side, our findings demonstrated that the internalization of rAAV2.5T was independent of KIAA0319L. Importantly, we confirmed WDR63 is an important player in rAAV2.5T transduction of HAE, while not being involved in vector internalization and nuclear entry. Furthermore, we identified that the basal stem cells of HAE can be significantly transduced by rAAV2.5T.

SignificanceThe essential steps of a successful gene delivery by rAAV include vector internalization, intracellular trafficking, nuclear import, uncoating, double-stranded (ds)DNA conversion, and transgene expression. rAAV2.5T has a chimeric capsid of AAV2 VP1u and AAV5 VP2 and VP3 with the mutation A581T. Our investigation revealed that KIAA0319L, the multiple AAV serotype receptor, is not essential for vector internalization but remains critical for efficient vector transduction to human airway epithelia. Additionally, we identified that a novel gene WDR63, whose cellular function is not well understood, plays an important role in vector transduction of human airway epithelia but not vector internalization and nuclear entry. Our study also discovered the substantial transduction potential of rAAV2.5T in basal stem cells of human airway epithelia, underscoring its utility in gene editing of human airways. Thus, the knowledge derived from this study holds promise for the advancement of gene therapy in the treatment of pulmonary genetic diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richart, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang-Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Host Restriction Factors Critical for Recombinant AAV Transduction of Polarized Human Airway Epithelium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Dynamics Activation of γ-Secretase for Cleavage of Notch1 Substrate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.26.559539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{gamma}-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease complex which cleaves the transmembrane domain of over 150 peptide substrates, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the Notch family of receptors, via two conserved aspartates D257 and D385 in the Presenilin-1 (PS1) catalytic subunit. However, while the activation of {gamma}-secretase for cleavage of APP has been widely studied, the cleavage of Notch by {gamma}-secretase remains poorly explored. Here, we combined Gaussian accelerated Molecular Dynamics (GaMD) simulations and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of proteolytic products to present the first dynamic models for cleavage of Notch by {gamma}-secretase. MS showed that {gamma}-secretase cleaved the WT Notch at Notch residue G34, while cleavage of L36F mutant Notch occurred at Notch residue C33. Initially, we prepared our simulation systems starting from the cryoEM structure of Notch-bound {gamma}-secretase (PDB: 6IDF) and failed to capture the proper cleavages of WT and L36F Notch by {gamma}-secretase. We then discovered an incorrect registry of the Notch substrate in the PS1 active through alignment of the experimental structure of Notch-bound (PDB: 6IDF) and APP-bound {gamma}-secretase (PDB: 6IYC). Every residue of APP substrate was systematically mutated to the corresponding Notch residue to prepare a resolved model of Notch-bound {gamma}-secretase complexes. GaMD simulations of the resolved model successfully captured {gamma}-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both WT and L36F mutant Notch. Our findings here provided mechanistic insights into the structural dynamics and enzyme-substrate interactions required for {gamma}-secretase activation for cleavage of Notch and other substrates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Do, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malvankar, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.26.559539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Dynamics Activation of γ-Secretase for Cleavage of Notch1 Substrate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variable and reversible opacification process on IOLs for cataract simulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.27.559841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding vision through mild and dense cataracts is important for vision scientists and IOL developers. There have been virtual simulators using VR headsets for subjective evaluation of cataractous vision. However, a physical intraocular lens with variable cataracts for objective evaluation is not available. In this study, we developed a reversible process that can be selectively applied to the whole or parts of an IOL to affect the opacification level. We used our eye model and developed a cataractous lens simulator for progressive levels of opacification, which is achieved by applying a reversible chemical procedure on the intraocular lens surfaces. After the lens is fully or partially immersed in acetone, subsequent testing of the lens in distilled water results in a progressive change in opacification level within minutes. We measured the quality of vision by obtaining modulation transfer function curves, transmission, and spectroscopic measurements at different opacification levels. By simulating variable opacification across the IOLs, we tested how vision changes from less dense to more dense cataractous regions in a holographic display system with programmable small exit pupils. All results were consistent with the expected vision degradation caused by natural opacification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akyazı, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolfaghari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urey, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variable and reversible opacification process on IOLs for cataract simulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559847v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Autosomal suppression of meiotic drive can prevent sex chromosome cycling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559847v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex-ratio meiotic drivers are selfish genes or gene complexes that bias the transmission of sex chromosomes resulting in skewed sex ratios. Existing theoretical models have suggested the maintenance of a four-chromosome equilibrium (with driving and standard X and suppressing and susceptible Y) in a cyclic dynamic, studies of natural populations have failed to capture this pattern. Although there are several plausible explanations for this lack of cycling, interference from autosomal suppressors has not been studied using a theoretical population genetic framework even though autosomal suppressors and Y-linked suppressors coexist in natural populations of some species. In this study, we use a simulation-based approach to investigate the influence of autosomal suppressors on the cycling of sex chromosomes. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of an autosomal suppressor can hinder the invasion of a Y-linked suppressor under some parameter space, thereby impeding the cyclic dynamics, or even the invasion of Y-linked suppression. Even when a Y-linked suppressor invades, the presence of an autosomal suppressor can prevent cycling. Our study demonstrates the potential role of autosomal suppressors in preventing sex chromosome cycling and provides insights into the conditions and consequences of maintaining both Y-linked and autosomal suppressors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559847</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Autosomal suppression of meiotic drive can prevent sex chromosome cycling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic diversity of domestic cat hepadnavirus in Taiwan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.29.560097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) is an infectious disease associated with chronic hepatitis in cats, suggesting a similarity with hepatitis B virus infection in humans. Since its first identification in Australia in 2018, DCH has been reported in several countries with varying prevalence rates, but its prevalence in Taiwan has not yet been investigated. Here, we aimed to identify the presence and prevalence of DCH infections in Taiwan. Among 71 samples tested, eight (11.27%) were positive for DCH. Of these positive cases, three cats had elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), suggesting an association between DCH infection and chronic hepatitis. Four DCH-positive samples were also tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) co-infection, one (25%) was positive for FIV while none for FeLV (0%). In addition, we performed whole genome sequencing of six samples to determine the viral genome sequences. Phylogenetic analyses identified a distinct lineage compared with previously reported sequences. Considering the recent findings suggesting the potential risk of DCH for interspecies or zoonotic transmission, this study suggests the importance of continuous surveillance of DCH and further research to elucidate the pathophysiology and transmission route of DCH.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Silva, B. B. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villanueva, B. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, H.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montecillo, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shofa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, J.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuang, K.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.29.560097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic diversity of domestic cat hepadnavirus in Taiwan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A shallow-scale phylogenomics approach reveals parallel patterns of diversification among sympatric populations of cryptic Neotropical aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.559972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Notomicrus traili species group (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is a lineage of aquatic beetles distributed throughout South America and extends into Mexico and the West Indies. Previous research has revealed a species complex within this group, with multiple distinct clades sharing overlapping distributions and lineages attributed to N. traili and the closely related N. gracilipes recovered as polyphyletic. Here, we perform targeted capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to examine relationships and patterns of evolution within the N. traili group. First, we use short-read whole genome sequencing of four noterid genera to design a noterid-specific UCE probe set (Noteridae 3.4Kv1) targeting over 3,400 unique loci. Using this probe set, we capture UCE data from population-level sampling of 44 traili group specimens from across the Neotropics, with an emphasis on the Guiana Shield where distributions of several putative N. traili group populations overlap. We subject the resulting data matrix to various trimming and data completeness treatments and reconstruct the phylogeny with both concatenated maximum likelihood and coalescent congruent methods. We recover robust phylogenetic estimates that identify several phylogenetically distinct clades within the traili group that share overlapping distributions. To test for the genetic distinctiveness of populations, we extract single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from UCE alignments and examine patterns of genetic clustering using principal component analyses (PCAs) and STRUCTURE. Population genetic results are highly concordant with recovered phylogenetic structure, revealing a high degree of co-ancestry shared within identified clades, contrasting with limited ancestry sharing between clades. We recover a pattern consistent with repeated diversification and dispersal of the traili group in the Neotropics, highlighting the efficacy of a tailored UCE approach for facilitating shallow-scale phylogenetic reconstructions and population genetic analyses, which can reveal novel aspects of coleopteran phylogeography.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Baca, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gustafson, G. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRaad, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Short, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.559972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A shallow-scale phylogenomics approach reveals parallel patterns of diversification among sympatric populations of cryptic Neotropical aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Noteridae)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Wolbachia enhances the survival of Drosophila infected with fungal pathogens 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wolbachia bacteria of arthropods are at the forefront of basic and translational research on multipartite host-symbiont-pathogen interactions. These microbes are vertically inherited from mother to offspring via the cytoplasm. They are the most widespread endosymbionts on the planet due to their infamous ability to manipulate the reproduction of their hosts to spread themselves in a population, and to provide a variety of fitness benefits to their hosts. Importantly, some strains of Wolbachia can inhibit viral pathogenesis within and between arthropod hosts. Mosquitoes carrying the wMel Wolbachia strain of Drosophila melanogaster have a greatly reduced capacity to spread viruses like dengue and Zika to humans. Therefore, Wolbachia are the basis of several global vector control initiatives. While significant research efforts have focused on viruses, relatively little attention has been given to Wolbachia-fungal interactions despite the ubiquity of fungal entomopathogens in nature. Here, we demonstrate that Wolbachia increase the longevity of their Drosophila melanogaster hosts when challenged with a spectrum of yeast and filamentous fungal pathogens. We find that this pattern can vary based on host genotype, sex, and fungal species. Further, Wolbachia correlates with higher fertility and reduced pathogen titers during initial fungal infection, indicating a significant fitness benefit. This study demonstrates Wolbachias role in diverse fungal pathogen interactions and determines that the phenotype is broad, but with several variables that influence both the presence and strength of the phenotype. These results enhance our knowledge of the strategies Wolbachia uses that likely contribute to such a high global symbiont prevalence.

ImportanceWolbachia bacteria of arthropods are at the forefront of global initiatives to fight arthropod-borne viruses. Despite great success in using the symbiont to fight viruses, little research has focused on Wolbachia-fungal interactions. Here, we find that Wolbachia of Drosophila melanogaster, the same strain widely used in antiviral initiatives, can also increase the longevity of flies systemically infected with a panel of yeast and filamentous fungal pathogens. The symbiont also partially increases host fertility and reduces fungal titers during early infection, indicating a significant fitness benefit. This represents a major step forward in Wolbachia research since its pathogen blocking abilities can now be extended to a broad diversity of another major branch of microbial life. This discovery may inform basic research on pathogen blocking and has potential translational applications in areas including biocontrol in agriculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perlmutter, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schedl, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Wolbachia enhances the survival of Drosophila infected with fungal pathogens]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560003v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling the Evolution of Populations with Multiple Killer Meiotic Drivers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.28.560003v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers are selfish genetic loci that can be transmitted to more than half of the viable gametes produced by a heterozygote. This biased transmission gives meiotic drivers an evolutionary advantage that can allow them to spread over generations until all members of a population carry the driver. This evolutionary power can also be exploited to modify natural populations using synthetic drivers known as  gene drives. Recently, it has become clear that natural drivers can spread within genomes to birth multicopy gene families. To understand intragenomic spread of drivers, we model the evolution of two distinct meiotic drivers in a population. We employ the wtf killer meiotic drivers from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which are multicopy in all sequenced isolates, as models. We find that a duplicate wtf driver identical to the parent gene can spread in a population unless, or until, the original driver is fixed. When the duplicate driver diverges to be distinct from the parent gene, we find that both drivers spread to fixation under most conditions. Finally, we show that stronger drivers make weaker drivers go extinct in most, but not all, polymorphic populations with absolutely linked drivers. These results reveal the strong potential for natural meiotic drive loci to duplicate and diverge within genomes. Our findings also highlight duplication potential as a factor to consider in the design of synthetic gene drives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez, J. F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rubinstein, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanders, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.28.560003</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling the Evolution of Populations with Multiple Killer Meiotic Drivers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560306v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Retina-inspired Optoelectronic Synapse Using Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Photostimulation of Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.30.560306v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the functions of neurons, have the potential to enable biomimetic communication with cells. Such systems require operation in aqueous environments, generation of sufficient levels of ionic currents for neurostimulation, and plasticity. However, their implementation requires a combination of separate devices, such as sensors, organic synaptic transistors, and stimulation electrodes. Here, we present a compact neuromorphic synapse that combines photodetection, memory, and neurostimulation functionalities all-in-one. The artificial photoreception is facilitated by a photovoltaic device based on cell-interfacing InP/ZnS quantum dots, which induces photo-faradaic charge-transfer mediated plasticity. The device sends excitatory post-synaptic currents exhibiting paired-pulse facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation to the hippocampal neurons via the biohybrid synapse. The electrophysiological recordings indicate modulation of the probability of action potential firing due to biomimetic temporal summation of excitatory post-synaptic currents. Our results pave the way for the development of novel bioinspired neuroprosthetics and soft robotics and highlight the potential of quantum dots for achieving versatile neuromorphic functionality in aqueous environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Balamur, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eren, G. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaleli, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karatum, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaya, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasanreisoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizamoglu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.09.30.560306</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Retina-inspired Optoelectronic Synapse Using Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Photostimulation of Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560700v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Post-ischemic inactivation of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in endothelium promotes maladaptive kidney repair by inducing glycolysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560700v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Impaired endothelial cell (EC) functions are thought to contribute in AKI to CKD transition, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify a critical role for endothelial oxygen sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes 1-3 in regulating post-ischemic kidney repair. In renal endothelium, we observed compartment-specific differences in the expression of the three PHD isoforms in both mice and humans. We found that post-ischemic concurrent inactivation of endothelial PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 but not PHD2 alone promoted maladaptive kidney repair characterized by exacerbated tissue injury, fibrosis, and inflammation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of the post-ischemic endothelial PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 deficient (PHDTiEC) kidney revealed an endothelial glycolytic transcriptional signature, also observed in human kidneys with severe AKI. This metabolic program was coupled to upregulation of the SLC16A3 gene encoding the lactate exporter monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4). Strikingly, treatment with the MCT4 inhibitor syrosingopine restored adaptive kidney repair in PHDTiEC mice. Mechanistically, MCT4 inhibition suppressed pro-inflammatory EC activation reducing monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Our findings suggest avenues for halting AKI to CKD transition based on selectively targeting the endothelial hypoxia-driven glycolysis/MCT4 axis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borkowski, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schonfeld, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Sullivan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schipma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Courbon, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quaggin, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorp, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandel, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kapitsinou, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560700</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Post-ischemic inactivation of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in endothelium promotes maladaptive kidney repair by inducing glycolysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Normative Framework Dissociates Need and Motivation in Hypothalamic Neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.01.560411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Physiological needs evoke motivational drives to produce natural behaviours for survival. However, the temporally intertwined dynamics of need and motivation have made it challenging to differentiate these two components in previous experimental paradigms. Based on classic homeostatic theories, we established a normative framework to derive computational models of neural activity and behaviours for need-encoding and motivation-encoding neurons during events that induce predicted gain or loss. We further developed simple and intuitive experimental paradigms that enabled us to distinguish the distinct roles of subpopulations of neurons in the hypothalamus. Our results show that AgRP neurons and LHLepR neurons are consistent with need and motivation, respectively. Our study provides a parsimonious understanding of how distinct hypothalamic neurons separately encode need and motivation to produce adaptive behaviours for maintaining homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohn, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.01.560411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Normative Framework Dissociates Need and Motivation in Hypothalamic Neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560925v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule analysis reveals TDG exhibits multiple modes of linear diffusion to process 5-formylcytosine. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560925v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Base excision repair is the main pathway involved in active DNA demethylation. 5-formylctyosine and 5-carboxylcytosine, two oxidized moieties of methylated cytosine, are recognized and removed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) to generate an abasic site. Using single molecule fluorescence experiments, we studied TDG in the presence and absence of 5-formylctyosine. TDG exhibits multiple modes of linear diffusion, including hopping and sliding, in search of a lesion. We probed TDG active site variants and truncated N-terminus revealing how these variants alter the lesion search and recognition mechanism of TDG. On DNA containing an undamaged nucleosome, TDG was found to either bypass, colocalize with, or encounter but not bypass the nucleosome. However, truncating the N-terminus reduced the number of interactions with the nucleosome. Our findings provide unprecedented mechanistic insights into how TDG searches for DNA lesions in chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schnable, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaich, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roginskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drohat, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Houten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560925</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule analysis reveals TDG exhibits multiple modes of linear diffusion to process 5-formylcytosine.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560467v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differences in adult survival drive divergent demographic responses to a decade of field warming on the Tibetan Plateau 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560467v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIA central question in biodiversity conservation is whether species will maintain viable population dynamics under future climate change. Assessing species extinction risk under climate warming requires demographic studies integrating vital rate responses to long-term warming throughout species life cycle. However, studies of this nature are rare.
C_LIO_LIHere, we examine the demographic responses of two co-occurring herbaceous plants, Elymus nutans Griseb. and Helictotrichon tibeticum (Roshev.) Holub, after a decade (2011-2020) of in situ active warming by 2{degrees}C in the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. We parameterise Integral Projection Models (IPMs) to project the population dynamics under ambient and long-term warming conditions, and examine the key vital rates responsible for any potential differences in population growth rates.
C_LIO_LIWarming has contrasting effects on the two functionally similar co-occurring species: warming promotes the population growth rate of H. tibeticum, but intensifies the population decline of E. nutans. Our elasticity analyses show that survival is the most important vital rate for population viability in both species under both ambient and warmed conditions. Furthermore, our retrospective Life Table Response Experiment (LTRE) analysis reveals that the contrasting fates of the two species under warming mainly arise from the different responses of adult survival, which is significantly promoted in H. tibeticum but slightly reduced in E. nutans. Individual shrinkage occurred 1.6-fold more frequently under warming than ambient conditions for both species, and made considerable negative contributions to their population growth rates in warmed plots. However, such negative effects are offset in H. tibeticum (but not E. nutans) by the positive contribution to population growth rate of the associated increased survival.
C_LIO_LISynthesis. Our study illustrates that the responses to climate warming may vary considerably between similar co-occurring species, and species with a demographically compensatory strategy may avoid population collapse. Additionally, caution is needed when generalizing findings among functionally similar species, and that conservation measures should be tailored at the species level.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salguero-Gomez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shea, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560467</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differences in adult survival drive divergent demographic responses to a decade of field warming on the Tibetan Plateau]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell bisulfite-free 5mC and 5hmC sequencing with high sensitivity and scalability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Existing single cell bisulfite-based DNA methylation analysis is limited by low DNA recovery, and the measurement of 5hmC at single-base resolution remains challenging. Here we present a bisulfite-free single-cell whole-genome 5mC and 5hmC profiling technique, named Cabernet, which can characterize 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution with high genomic coverage. Cabernet utilizes Tn5 transposome for DNA fragmentation, which enables the discrimination between different alleles for measuring hemi-methylation status. Using Cabernet, we revealed the 5mC, hemi-5mC and 5hmC dynamics during early mouse embryo development, uncovering genomic regions exclusively governed by active or passive demethylation. We show that hemi-methylation status can be used to distinguish between pre- and post-replication cells, enabling more efficient cell grouping when integrated with 5mC profile. The property of Tn5 naturally enables Cabernet to achieve high-throughput single-cell methylome profiling, where we probed mouse cortical neurons and embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) embryos, and constructed the library for thousands of single cells at high efficiency, demonstrating its potential for analyzing complex tissues at substantially low cost. Together, we present a new way of high-throughput methylome and hydroxymethylome detection at single-cell resolution, enabling efficient analysis of epigenetic status of biological systems with complicated nature such as neurons and cancer cells.

Significance StatementMost of current methylation profiling techniques rely on bisulfite treatment, which suffers low DNA recovery. The technique proposed in this study, named Cabernet, can be used to measure 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution with high genomic coverage. By using Tn5 transposome, hemi-methylation status can be measured and high-throughput methylome profiling can be achieved. Together, it provides an efficient way to analyze the epigenetic landscape of complicated biological systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell bisulfite-free 5mC and 5hmC sequencing with high sensitivity and scalability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capitella teleta gets left out: Possible evolutionary shift causes loss of left tissues rather than increased neural tissue from dominant-negative BMPR1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.04.560756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe evolution of centralized nervous systems (CNSs) a fascinating and complex topic; further work is needed to understand the genetic and developmental homology between organisms with a CNS. Research into a limited number of species suggests that CNSs may be homologous across Bilateria. This hypothesis is based in part on similar functions of BMP signaling in establishing fates along the dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis including limiting neural specification to one region of ectoderm. From an evolutionary-developmental perspective, the best way to understand a system is to explore it in a wide range of organisms to create a full picture.

MethodsHere we expand our understanding of BMP signaling in Spiralia, the third major clade of bilaterians, by examining phenotypes after expression of a dominant-negative BMP Receptor 1 and after knock-out of the putative BMP antagonist Chordin-like using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in the annelid Capitella teleta (Pleistoannelida).

ResultsEctopic expression of the dominant-negative Cte-BMPR1 did not increase CNS tissue or alter overall D-V axis formation in the trunk. Instead, we observed a unique asymmetric phenotype: a distinct loss of left tissues including the left eye, brain, foregut, and trunk mesoderm. Adding ectopic BMP4 early during cleavage stages reversed the dominant-negative Cte-BMPR1 phenotype, leading to a similar loss or reduction of right tissues instead. Surprisingly, a similar asymmetric loss of left tissues was evident from CRISPR knock-out of Cte-Chordin-like but concentrated in the trunk rather than the episphere.

ConclusionsWe further solidify the hypothesis that the function of BMP signaling during establishment of the D-V axis and CNS is fundamentally different in at least Pleistoannelida, possibly in Spiralia, and is not required for nervous system delimitation in this group. Our results support hypotheses of either multiple evolutionary origins of CNSs across Bilateria or divergence in the molecular mechanisms of CNS specification and D-V axis formation in annelids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.04.560756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capitella teleta gets left out: Possible evolutionary shift causes loss of left tissues rather than increased neural tissue from dominant-negative BMPR1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561139v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide impact of codon usage bias on translation optimization in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.05.561139v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accuracy and efficiency are fundamental characteristics of the translational process. Codon usage bias is widespread across species. Despite the long-standing association between codon optimization and improved translation, our understanding of the evolutionary basis and functional effects of codon optimization is limited. Drosophila has been widely used to study codon usage bias, but genome-scale experimental data on codon optimization and translation are scarce. We examined high-resolution mass spectrometry datasets from D. melanogaster development and employed different strategies to reduce bias when comparing translation error rates. We demonstrated that optimal codons have lower translation errors than nonoptimal codons after accounting for these biases. Our findings also shed light on codon-anticodon mismatches in translation errors. Through genomic-scale analysis of ribosome profiling data, we showed that optimal codons are translated more rapidly than nonoptimal codons in D. melanogaster. While we did not find conclusive evidence that natural selection favored synonymous mutations during the long-term evolution of the D. melanogaster lineage after its divergence from D. simulans, we did find that positive selection drives codon optimization-related mutations in the D. melanogaster population. This study expands our understanding of the functional consequences of codon optimization, and serves as a foundation for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms governing gene expression evolution at the translation level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.05.561139</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide impact of codon usage bias on translation optimization in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A conserved N-terminal motif of CUL3 mediates assembly and licenses E3 ligase activation of CRL3KLHL22 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The CUL3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL3s) play an essential role in response to extracellular nutrition and stress stimuli. The ubiquitin ligase function of CRL3s is activated through E3-E3 dimerization. However, how and why such a dimeric assembly is required for its ligase activity remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the dimeric CRL3KLHL22 complex and reveal a conserved N-terminal motif in CUL3 that mediates the dimerization assembly and licenses the activation of CRL3KLHL22. Deletion of the CUL3 N-terminal motif leads to non-stochiometric assembly and impairs E3 activity of both CRL3KLHL22 and several other CRL3s. In addition, we found that the dynamics of dimeric E3-E3 superassembly generates a variable ubiquitination zone, potentially facilitating substrate recognition and ubiquitination. These findings demonstrate a CUL3 N-terminal motif-dependent E3-E3 superassembly mechanism and provide insights into the assembly and activation of CRL3s.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.07.561329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A conserved N-terminal motif of CUL3 mediates assembly and licenses E3 ligase activation of CRL3KLHL22]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional genomics reveals that a divergent genetic dependency signature is not essential to the synergism of molecular-targeted agent and chemotherapeutic combinations in gastric cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.07.561351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rational combination of anticancer agents is critical to improving patient outcomes in cancer. Nonetheless, most combination regimens in the clinic result from empirical methodologies disregarding insight into the mechanism of action and missing the opportunity to improve therapy outcomes incrementally. Deciphering the genetic dependencies and vulnerabilities responsible for synergistic interactions is crucial for rationally developing effective anticancer drug combinations. Hence, we screened pairwise pharmacological interactions between molecular-targeted agents and conventional chemotherapeutics and examined the genome-scale genetic dependencies in gastric adenocarcinoma cell models. Since this type of cancer is mainly chemoresistant and incurable, clinical situations demand effective combination strategies. Our pairwise combination screen revealed SN38/erlotinib as the drug pair with the most robust synergism. Genome-wide CRISPR screening and a shRNA-based signature assay indicated that the genetic dependency/vulnerability signature of SN38/erlotinib is the same as SN38 alone. Additional investigation revealed that the enhanced cell death with improved death kinetics caused by the SN38/erlotinib combination is surprisingly due to erlotinibs off-target effect that inhibits ABCG2 but not its on-target effect on EGFR. Our results confirm that a genetic dependency signature different from the single-drug application may not be necessary for the synergistic interaction of molecular-targeted agents with conventional chemotherapeutics in gastric adenocarcinoma. The findings also demonstrated the efficacy of functional genomics approaches in unveiling biologically validated mechanisms of pharmacological interactions.

SignificanceFunctional genomics approaches efficiently demonstrated an off-target dependency of the synergistic interaction of erlotinib with SN38 in gastric adenocarcinoma cell models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Leylek, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honeywell, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hemann, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.07.561351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional genomics reveals that a divergent genetic dependency signature is not essential to the synergism of molecular-targeted agent and chemotherapeutic combinations in gastric cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics analysis reveals novel interplays between intratumoral bacteria and glioma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging evidence highlights the potential impact of intratumoral microbiota on cancer. However, the microbial composition and function in glioma remains elusive. Consequently, our study aimed to investigate the microbial community composition in glioma tissues and elucidate its role in glioma development. We parallelly performed microbial profiling, transcriptome sequencing and metabolomics detection on tumor and adjacent normal brain tissues obtained from 50 glioma patients. We employed immunohistochemistry, multicolor immunofluorescence and FISH staining to observe the presence and location of bacteria. Furthermore, an animal model was employed to validate the impact of key bacteria on glioma development. Six genera were found to be significantly enriched in glioma tissues compared to its adjacent normal brain tissues, including Fusobacterium, Longibaculum, Intestinimonas, Pasteurella, Limosilactobacillus and Arthrobacter. Both bacterial RNA and LPS were observed in glioma tissues. Multicolor immunofluorescence analysis showed higher bacterial LPS levels in tumor cells than in macrophages and in glioma tissue than in adjacent normal brain tissue. Integrated microbiomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics revealed that genes associated with intratumoral microbes were enriched in multiple synapse-associated pathways and that metabolites associated with intratumoral microbes were (R)-N-methylsalsolinol, N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid, and N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid. Further mediation analysis suggested that intratumoral microbiome may affect the expression of neuron-related genes through bacteria-associated metabolites. In addition, a glioma mouse model suggested that Fusobacterium nucleatum promoted glioma growth by increasing the levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid and the expression levels of CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL2. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the intricate interplays between intratumoral bacteria and glioma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.561332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics analysis reveals novel interplays between intratumoral bacteria and glioma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TAF7L REGULATES EARLY STAGES OF MALE GERM CELL DEVELOPMENT 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.08.561408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Male germ cell development is dependent on the orchestrated regulation of gene networks. TATA-box binding protein associated factors (TAFs) facilitate interactions of TATA-binding protein with the TATA element, which is known to coordinate gene transcription during organogenesis. TAF7 like (Taf7l) is situated on the X chromosome and has been implicated in testis development. We examined the biology of TAF7L in testis development using the rat. Taf7l was prominently expressed in preleptotene to leptotene spermatocytes. To study the impact of TAF7L on the testis we generated a global loss-of-function rat model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Exon 3 of the Taf7l gene was targeted. A founder was generated possessing a 110 bp deletion within the Taf7l locus, which resulted in a frameshift and the premature appearance of a stop codon. The mutation was effectively transmitted through the germline. Deficits in TAF7L did not adversely affect pregnancy or postnatal survival. However, the Taf7l disruption resulted in male infertility due to compromised testis development and failed sperm production. Mutant germ cells suffer meiotic arrest at the zygotene stage, with defects in sex body formation and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. This testis phenotype was more pronounced than previously described for the subfertile Taf7l null mouse. We conclude that TAF7L is essential for male germ cell development in the rat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Moreno Irusta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.08.561408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TAF7L REGULATES EARLY STAGES OF MALE GERM CELL DEVELOPMENT]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficacy of the first bioactive peptide from the pearl 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pearls have high medicinal value. In the present study, we discovered the first bioactive peptide in pearls. The bioactive peptide, KKCHFWPFPW, was a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptide derived from the pearl matrix of Pinctada fucata. It was screened and identified using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The molecular weight of the peptide was 1417.5 Da, and its theoretical isoelectric point was 9.31. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of the peptide was 4.17M, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that this peptide competitively inhibited ACE activity. As the peptide concentration increased, the ACE inhibition rate also increased. The molecular docking was simulated using Maestro 2022-1 Glide software to understand the potential mechanisms underlying the ACE-inhibitory activity of KKCHFWPFPW. These results indicated that the peptide from the P. martensii pearl matrix might be a potential source of antihypertensive peptides.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficacy of the first bioactive peptide from the pearl]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prolonged over-expression of PLK4 amplifies centrosomes through formation of inter-connected centrosome rosette clusters 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The centrosome cycle is a tightly regulated process to ensure proper segregation of chromosomes. Not surprisingly, centriole number is tightly controlled via multiple mechanisms, one of which involves PLK4, an upstream kinase facilitating centriole biogenesis and duplication. Aberrations in this process can result in supernumerary centrosomes, which are frequently observed in a variety of cancers due to high levels of PLK4. Interestingly, extra centrosomes induced by PLK4 over-expression go through unique intermediate structures called the centrosome rosettes (CRs), where the mother centriole is surrounded by numerous daughter centrioles. The maturation and molecular nature of these CRs have not been investigated in detail. Upon prolonged PLK4 over-expression, cells exhibited large centrosomes that were clustered and contained more than two CRs, which we defined as centrosome rosette clusters (CRCs). As expected, these structures required high PLK4 levels at two consecutive cell cycles and were still interconnected with canonical centrosomal linker proteins such as C-Nap1, Rootletin, and Cep68. Knockout of these linker proteins resulted in distancing of CRs and CRCs as observed by increased diameter of the CRCs in interphase. In contrast, Nek2 knockout inhibited the separation of CRCs in prometaphase, providing functional evidence for the binding of CRC structures with centrosomal linker proteins. These results suggest a cell cycle dependent model for PLK4 induced centrosome amplification, which occurs in two consecutive cell cycles: (i) CR state in the first cell cycle, and (ii) CRC state in the second cell cycle.

Author summaryThe overexpression of PLK4 can lead to the formation of centrosome rosette structures, which harbor two centrioles around the mother centriole. Although the generation of centrosome rosettes by PLK4 overexpression has been previously investigated, little is known about the cell cycle-dependent maturation and linking of these structures. Here, we report that prolonged PLK4 overexpression results in amplification of centrosomes through the generation of centrosome rosette clusters (CRCs). These CRCs are interconnected via canonical centrosomal linker proteins such as C-Nap1, Rootletin, and CEP68 and are regulated by mechanisms controlling centrosome linking and separation. We also describe two different spatial binding types of amplified centrosomes following PLK4 induction: planar-oriented and circular-oriented. Since PLK4-associated centrosome amplification occurs naturally in both cancer and multiciliated cells, we believe that this research will contribute to a better understanding of the canonical mechanism of PLK4-induced centrosome amplification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalkan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canbaz, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prolonged over-expression of PLK4 amplifies centrosomes through formation of inter-connected centrosome rosette clusters]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Overriding Mendelian inheritance in Arabidopsis with a CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drive that impairs pollen germination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic gene drives, inspired by natural selfish genetic elements, present transformative potential for disseminating traits that benefit humans throughout wild populations, irrespective of potential fitness costs. Here, we constructed a gene drive system called CRISPR-Assisted Inheritance utilizing NPG1 (CAIN), which employs a toxin-antidote mechanism in the male germline to override Mendelian inheritance in plants. Specifically, a gRNA-Cas9 cassette targets the essential No Pollen Germination 1 (NPG1) gene, serving as the toxin to block pollen germination. A recoded, CRISPR-resistant copy of NPG1 serves as the antidote, providing rescue only in pollen cells that carry the drive. To limit potential consequences of inadvertent release, we used self-pollinating Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. The drive demonstrated a robust 88-99% transmission rate over two successive generations, producing minimal resistance alleles that are unlikely to inhibit drive spread. Our study provides a strong basis for rapid genetic modification or suppression of outcrossing plant populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.10.561637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Overriding Mendelian inheritance in Arabidopsis with a CRISPR toxin-antidote gene drive that impairs pollen germination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences and Phylogenetic Relationships of Four Oil-Seed Camellia spp. and related taxa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.03.560681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some species in the Sect. Oleifera of the genus Camellia L. known as oil-seed camellia because of their high oil content and economic value. Additional studies aimed at clarifying the phylogenetic relationships and chloroplast genomes of Camellia species are needed to hybridization, as well as improve the breeding, selection and interspecific hybridization of Camellia species. The complete chloroplast genomes (cpDNA) of the four oil-seed camellia species C. semiserrata, C. meiocarpa, C. suaveolens, and C. osmantha were resequenced to clarify their interspecific relationships. These cpDNA had typical tetrad structures, and they were highly conserved in various structural features. The total lengths of the cpDNA ranged from 156,965 to 157,018 bp, and 134 genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 messenger RNA genes. The average GC content of these genomes was 37.3%. The codons with the highest and lowest codon usage bias were UUA (which codes for leucine) and AGC (which codes for serine), respectively. The number of simple sequences repeats of the four Camelia species ranged from 38 to 40. Mononucleotide repeats were the most common repeat type, followed by tetranucleotide, trinucleotide, and hexanucleotide repeats. Our phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA, coupled with the results of previous ploidy analyses and artificial interspecific hybridization, revealed that C. semiserrata was most closely related to C. azalea, C. suaveolens was most closely related to C. gauchowensis, C. osmantha was most closely related to C. vietnamensis, and C. meiocarpa was most closely related to C. oleifera. The phylogenetic relationships between oil-seed camellia species with high oil content and economic value were characterized. Our analysis of the cpDNA provided new insights that will aid the use of artificial distant hybridization in camellia breeding programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.03.560681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences and Phylogenetic Relationships of Four Oil-Seed Camellia spp. and related taxa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561821v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A distinct subpopulation of adipocytes in adult perirenal adipose tissue arises through brown-to-white conversion but reverts to a thermogenic phenotype upon cold exposure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561821v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) is a unique visceral depot that contains a mixture of brown and white adipocytes. The origin and plasticity of such cellular heterogeneity remains unknown. Here, we combine single-nucleus RNA sequencing with genetic lineage tracing to reveal the existence of a distinct subpopulation of Ucp1-/Cidea+ adipocytes that arises from brown-to-white conversion during postnatal life in the peri-ureter region of mouse PRAT. Cold exposure restores Ucp1 expression and a thermogenic phenotype in this subpopulation. These cells have a transcriptome that is distinct from subcutaneous beige adipocytes and may represent a unique type of cold-recruitable adipocytes. These results pave the way for studies of PRAT physiology and mechanisms controlling the plasticity of brown/white adipocyte phenotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561821</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A distinct subpopulation of adipocytes in adult perirenal adipose tissue arises through brown-to-white conversion but reverts to a thermogenic phenotype upon cold exposure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561822v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alasemenia, the earliest ovule with three wings and without cupule 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561822v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ovules or seeds (fertilized ovules) with wings are widespread and especially important for wind dispersal. However, the earliest ovules in the Famennian of the Late Devonian are rarely known about the dispersal syndrome and usually surrounded by a cupule. From Xinhang, Anhui, China, we report a new taxon of Famennian ovules, Alasemenia tria gen. et sp. nov. Each ovule possesses three integumentary wings evidently extending outwards, folding inwards along abaxial side and enclosing most part of nucellus. The ovule is borne terminally on smooth dichotomous branches and lacks a cupule. Alasemenia suggests that the integuments of the earliest ovules without a cupule evolved functions in wind dispersal and probable photosynthetic nutrition. It indicates that the seed wing originated earlier than other wind dispersal mechanisms such as seed plume and pappus, and that three- or four-winged seeds were followed by seeds with less wings. Mathematical analysis shows that three-winged seeds are more adapted to wind dispersal than seeds with one, two or four wings under the same condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561822</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alasemenia, the earliest ovule with three wings and without cupule]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulation of Hepatic Xenosensor Function by HNF4alpha 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.11.561888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nuclear receptors including Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR), Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha (PPAR) function as xenobiotic sensors. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4) is a highly conserved orphan nuclear receptor essential for liver function. We tested the hypothesis that HNF4 is essential for function of these four major xenosensors.

Wild-type (WT) and hepatocyte-specific HNF4 knockout (HNF4-KO) mice were treated with the mouse-specific activators of AhR (TCDD, 30 {micro}g/kg), CAR (TCPOBOP, 2.5 {micro}g/g), PXR, (PCN, 100 {micro}g/g), and PPAR (WY-14643, 1 mg/kg). Blood and liver tissue samples were collected to study nuclear receptor activation.

TCDD (AhR agonist) treatment did not affect the liver-to-body weight ratio (LW/BW) in either WT or HNF4-KO mice. Further, TCDD activated AhR in both WT and HNF4-KO mice, confirmed by increase in expression of its target genes. TCPOBOP (CAR agonist) significantly increased the LW/BW ratio and CAR target gene expression in WT mice, but not in HNF4-KO mice. PCN (a mouse PXR agonist) significantly increased LW/BW ratio in both WT and HNF4-KO mice however, it failed to induce PXR target genes in HNF4 KO mice. The treatment of WY-14643 (PPAR agonist) increased LW/BW ratio and PPAR target gene expression in WT mice but not in HNF4-KO mice.

Together, these data indicate that the function of CAR, PXR, and PPAR but not of AhR was disrupted in HNF4-KO mice. These results demonstrate that HNF4 function is critical for the activation of hepatic xenosensors, which are critical for toxicological responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paine-Cabrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.11.561888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulation of Hepatic Xenosensor Function by HNF4alpha]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exhaustive search for DNA binding sites of Basillus subtilis transcription factor YsiA by KaScape method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Basillus subtilis (B. subtilis) YsiA is also known as FadR is a pre-formed dimeric repressor to regulate fatty acid degradation. However, the knowledge about double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) binding sites of YsiA in the whole genome level is limited so far. In this report, we have applied a newly established high-throughput method, KaScape, to exhaustively study the relative binding sites and energy landscape of YsiA and confirmed the resuls with gel-shift experiments. Weve found that half-binding site is enough for YsiA to bind with dsDNA. Besides detecting the known consensus sequence which is bound by YsiA, we have also detected other minor binding site sequences through the KaScape method. It thus demonstrates that KaScape can be used to study dimeric transcription factors (TFs) in general.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bing-yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exhaustive search for DNA binding sites of Basillus subtilis transcription factor YsiA by KaScape method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562648v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the bounded rationality in human decision anomalies through an assemblable computational framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562648v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Some seemingly irrational decision behaviors (anomalies), once seen as flaws in human cognition, have recently received explanations from a rational perspective. The basic idea is that the brain has limited cognitive resources to process the quantities (e.g., value, probability, time, etc.) required for decision making, with specific biases arising as byproducts of the resource allocation that is optimized for the environment. While appealing for providing normative accounts, the existing resource-rational models have limitations such as inconsistent assumptions across models, a focus on single environmental factors, and limited coverage of decision anomalies. One challenging anomaly is the peanuts effect, a pervasive phenomenon in decision-making under risk that implies an interdependence between the processing of value and probability. To extend the resource rationality approach to explain the peanuts effect, here we develop a computational framework--the Assemblable Resource-Rational Modules (ARRM)--that integrates ideas from different lines of boundedly-rational decision models as freely assembled modules. The framework can accommodate the joint functioning of multiple environmental factors, and allow new models to be built and tested along with the existing ones, potentially opening a wider range of decision phenomena to bounded rationality modeling. For one new and three published datasets that cover two different task paradigms and both the gain and loss domains, our boundedly-rational models reproduce two characteristic features of the peanuts effect and outperform previous models in fitting human decision behaviors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562648</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the bounded rationality in human decision anomalies through an assemblable computational framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562383v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detecting copy number variations from single-cell chromatin sequencing data by AtaCNV 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.15.562383v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Singe-cell assay of transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) can unbiasedly profile genome-wide chromatin accessibility in single cells. In single-cell tumor studies, identification of normal cells or tumor clonal structures often rely on copy number variations (CNVs). However, CNV detection from scATAC-seq is difficult due to the high noise, sparsity, and confounding factors. Here, we describe AtaCNV, a computational algorithm that accurately detects high resolution CNVs from scATAC-seq data. We benchmark AtaCNV using simulation and real data and find AtaCNVs superior performance. Analyses of 10 scATAC-seq datasets shows that AtaCNV could effectively distinguish malignant from non-malignant cells. In glioblastoma, endometrial and ovarian cancer samples, AtaCNV identifies subclones at distinct cellular states, suggesting important interplay between genetic and epigenetic plasticity. Some tumor subclones only differ in small-scale CNVs, demonstrating the importance of high-resolution CNV detection. These data show that AtaCNV can aid the integrative analysis for understanding the complex heterogeneity in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.15.562383</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detecting copy number variations from single-cell chromatin sequencing data by AtaCNV]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562422v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-cancer analysis reveals multifaceted roles of retrotransposon-fusion RNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.16.562422v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposon-derived transcripts are abundant in RNA sequences, yet their landscape and function, especially for fusion transcripts derived from unannotated or somatically acquired transposons, remains underexplored. Here, we developed a new bioinformatic tool to detect transposon-fusion transcripts in RNA-sequencing data and performed a pan-cancer analysis of 10,257 cancer samples across 34 cancer types as well as 3,088 normal tissue samples. We identified 52,277 cancer-specific fusions with [~]30 events per cancer and hotspot loci within transposons vulnerable to fusion formation. Exonization of intronic transposons was the most prevalent genic fusions, while somatic L1 insertions constituted a small fraction of cancer-specific fusions. Source L1s and HERVs, but not Alus showed decreased DNA methylation in cancer upon fusion formation. Overall cancer-specific L1 fusions were enriched in tumor suppressors while Alu fusions were enriched in oncogenes, including recurrent Alu fusions in EZH2 predictive of patient survival. We also demonstrated that transposon-derived peptides triggered CD8+ T-cell activation to the extent comparable to EBV viruses. Our findings reveal distinct epigenetic and tumorigenic mechanisms underlying transposon fusions across different families and highlight transposons as novel therapeutic targets and the source of potent neoantigens.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Voshall, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maury, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, H. B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, E.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.16.562422</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-cancer analysis reveals multifaceted roles of retrotransposon-fusion RNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The More Unclear the Hearing, the Faster the Feeling: Speech Comprehension Changes Subjective Speech Rate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Imagine being in a foreign country, surrounded by locals speaking a language entirely alien to you. Does their conversation seem to race like a machine gun? The perception of speech rate, as a facet of time perception, greatly impacts our daily lives. However, the factors influencing this perception remain poorly understood. Through a series of three experiments (with sample sizes of 31, 27, and 25 respectively), we discovered that speech comprehension significantly alters listeners perception of speech rate. As comprehensibility diminishes, listeners tend to overestimate the speech rate. Intriguingly, this effect is further influenced by the listeners language proficiency. Specifically, the better the listeners language proficiency, the more likely their perception of speech rate is influenced by the speech comprehension. Our study corroborates the notion that biases in time perception may be prevalent in our everyday communication. These subjective experiences could prompt listeners to modify their behavior or processing strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The More Unclear the Hearing, the Faster the Feeling: Speech Comprehension Changes Subjective Speech Rate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562842v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.562842v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many naturally occurring protein assemblies have dynamic structures that allow them to perform specialized functions. For example, clathrin coats adopt a wide variety of architectures to adapt to vesicular cargos of various sizes. Although computational methods for designing novel self-assembling proteins have advanced substantially over the past decade, most existing methods focus on designing static structures with high accuracy. Here we characterize the structures of three distinct computationally designed protein assemblies that each form multiple unanticipated architectures, and identify flexibility in specific regions of the subunits of each assembly as the source of structural diversity. Cryo-EM single-particle reconstructions and native mass spectrometry showed that only two distinct architectures were observed in two of the three cases, while we obtained six cryo-EM reconstructions that likely represent a subset of the architectures present in solution in the third case. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the surprising observation of a defined range of architectures, instead of non-specific aggregation, can be explained by constrained flexibility within the building blocks. Our results suggest that deliberate use of structural flexibility as a design principle will allow exploration of previously inaccessible structural and functional space in designed protein assemblies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Khmelinskaia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bethel, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatehi, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antanasijevic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borst, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu Mallik, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miranda, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Watkins, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogohara, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caldwell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heck, A. J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veesler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Twarock, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.562842</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular matrix sulfation in the tumor microenvironment stimulates cancer stemness and invasiveness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.17.562578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor extracellular matrices (ECM) exhibit aberrant changes in composition and mechanics compared to normal tissues. Proteoglycans (PG) are vital regulators of cellular signaling in the ECM with ability to modulate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation via their sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) side chains. However, their role on tumor cell behavior is controversial. Here, we demonstrate that PGs are heavily expressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients in correlation with invasive phenotype and poor prognosis. We developed a bioengineered human lung tumor model which recapitulates the increase of sGAGs in tumors in an organotypic matrix with independent control of stiffness, viscoelasticity, ligand density and porosity. Our model reveals that increased sulfation stimulates extensive proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in cancer cells. We identified the FAK-PI3K-mTOR signaling axis as a mediator of sulfation-induced molecular changes in cells upon activation of a distinct set of RTKs within tumor-mimetic hydrogels. We demonstrate that the transcriptomic landscape of tumor cells in response to increased sulfation resembles native PG-rich patient tumors through employing integrative omics and network modeling approaches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kusoglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ornek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dansik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarica, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yangin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdinc, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turan Sorhun, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solcan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doganalp, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlov, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunningham, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaoglu, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizilel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solaroglu, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulutay, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanju, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilege, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vunjak-Novakovic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.17.562578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular matrix sulfation in the tumor microenvironment stimulates cancer stemness and invasiveness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.563002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Listeria adhesion protein orchestrates caveolae-mediated apical junctional remodeling of epithelial barrier for L. monocytogenes translocation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.18.563002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cellular junctional architecture remodeling by LAP-Hsp60 interaction for L. monocytogenes (Lm) passage through the epithelial barrier is incompletely understood. Here, using the gerbil model, permissive to internalin (Inl) A/B-mediated pathways like in humans, we demonstrate that Lm crosses the intestinal villi at 48 h post-infection. In contrast, the single isogenic (lap[boxh] or {Delta}inlA) or double (lap[boxh]{Delta}inlA) mutant strains show significant defects. LAP promotes Lm translocation via endocytosis of cell-cell junctional complex in enterocytes that do not display luminal E-cadherin. In comparison, InlA-mediated transcytosis occurs in enterocytes displaying apical E-cadherin during cell extrusion and mucus expulsion from goblet cells. LAP hijacks caveolar endocytosis to traffic integral junctional proteins to the early and recycling endosomes. Pharmacological inhibition in a cell line and genetic knock-out of caveolin-1 in mice prevents LAP-induced intestinal permeability, junctional endocytosis, and Lm translocation. Furthermore, LAP-Hsp60-dependent tight junction remodeling is also necessary for InlA access to E-cadherin for Lm intestinal barrier crossing in InlA-permissive hosts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drolia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenguria, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thind, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amelunke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gallina, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samaddar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhunia, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.18.563002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Listeria adhesion protein orchestrates caveolae-mediated apical junctional remodeling of epithelial barrier for L. monocytogenes translocation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563451v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Architecture and activation of human muscle phosphorylase kinase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.22.563451v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The study of phosphorylase kinase (PhK)-regulated glycogen metabolism has contributed to the fundamental understanding of protein phosphorylation. Here we present the high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of human muscle PhK. The 1.3-megadalton PhK 4{beta}4{gamma}4{delta}4 hexadecamer consists of a tetramer of tetramer, wherein four {beta}{gamma}{delta} modules are connected by the central {beta}4 scaffold. The - and {beta}-subunits possess glucoamylase-like domains, but exhibit no detectable enzyme activities. The -subunit serves as a bridge between the {beta}-subunit and the {gamma}{delta} subcomplex, and facilitates the {gamma}-subunit to adopt an autoinhibited state. Ca2+-free calmodulin ({delta}-subunit) binds to the {gamma}-subunit in a compact conformation. Upon binding of Ca2+, a conformational change occurs, allowing for the de-inhibition of the {gamma}-subunit through a spring-loaded mechanism. We also reveal an ADP-binding pocket in the {beta}-subunit, which plays a role in allosterically enhancing PhK activity. These results provide unprecedented molecular insights of this important kinase complex.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.22.563451</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Architecture and activation of human muscle phosphorylase kinase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A bioactive peptide from the pearl has dual roles in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.23.563427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical receptor for the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells. Moreover, a decrease in ACE2 level and its activity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered a crucial reason for the development of Covid-19-associated complications. Here, we report a bioactive peptide derived from the seawater pearl oyster Pinctada fucata, named SCOL polypeptide, which binds strongly to ACE2 and effectively inhibits 65% of the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to ACE2; thus, this peptide can be used as a blocker to enable cells to resist SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SCOL polypeptide also increases ACE2 enzyme activity by 3.76 times. Previous studies have shown that ACE2 deficiency is associated with inflammation, pain, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and nervous system injury. Therefore, the SCOL polypeptide can be used to treat or alleviate complications such as lung inflammation, pain, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and loss of taste or smell caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the SCOL polypeptide can play a dual role in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.23.563427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A bioactive peptide from the pearl has dual roles in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.563324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Germline novelty through recurrent copy-number, protein, and regulatory evolution of the synaptonemal complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.20.563324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein-rich structure essential for meiotic recombination and faithful chromosome segregation. Acting like a zipper to paired chromosomes during early prophase, the complex consists of central elements bilaterally tethered by the transverse filaments to the lateral elements anchored on either side to the homologous chromosome axes. Despite being found in most major eukaryotic taxa implying a deeply conserved evolutionary origin, several components of the complex exhibit unusually high rates of sequence turnover. This is puzzlingly exemplified by the SC of Drosophila, where the central elements and transverse filaments display no identifiable homologs outside of the genus. Here, we exhaustively examine the evolutionary history of the SC in Drosophila taking a comparative phylogenomic approach with high species density to circumvent obscured homology due to rapid sequence evolution. Contrasting starkly against other genes involved in meiotic chromosome pairing, SC significantly shows elevated rates of coding evolution due to a combination of relaxed constraint and recurrent, widespread positive selection. In particular, the central element cona and transverse filament c(3)G have diversified through tandem and retro-duplications, repeatedly generating paralogs that likely have novel germline functions. In a striking case of molecular convergence, c(3)G paralogs that independently arose in distant lineages evolved under positive selection to have convergent truncations to the protein termini and elevated testes expression. Surprisingly, the expression of SC genes in the germline is exceedingly prone to change suggesting recurrent regulatory evolution which, in many species, resulted in high testes expression even though Drosophila males are achiasmic. Overall, our study recapitulates the poor conservation of SC components, and further uncovers that the lack of conservation extends to other modalities including copy number, genomic locale, and germline regulation. Considering the elevated testes expression in many Drosophila species and the common ancestor, we suggest that the function of SC genes in the male germline, while still poorly understood, may be a prime target of constant evolutionary pressures driving repeated adaptations and innovations.

SummaryThe synaptonemal complex (SC) is essential for meiotic recombination and faithful chromosome segregation across eukaryotes, yet components of the SC are often poorly conserved. Here we show that across the Drosophila phylogeny several SC genes have evolved under recurrent positive selection resulting in orthologs that are barely recognizable. This is partly driven duplications repeatedly generating paralogs that may have adopted novel germline functions, often in the testes. Unexpectedly, while most SC genes are thought to be dispensable in the male germline where recombination is absent in Drosophila, elevated testes expression appears to be the norm across the genus and likely the ancestral state. The evolutionary lability of SC genes in Drosophila is likely a repeated source of adaptive innovations in the germline.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatla, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnapura, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Appiah, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstiel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bachtrog, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.20.563324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Germline novelty through recurrent copy-number, protein, and regulatory evolution of the synaptonemal complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564119v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tumor-induced alterations in single-nucleus transcriptome of atrophying muscles indicate enhanced protein degradation and reduced oxidative metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564119v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor-induced skeletal muscle wasting in the context of cancer cachexia is a condition with profound implications for patient survival. The loss of muscle mass is a significant clinical obstacle and is linked to reduced tolerance to chemotherapy and increased frailty. We investigated muscle gene expression at single nucleus level in cachectic mice and revealed distinct myonuclear gene signatures and a shift towards type IIb myonuclei. Notably, atrophy-related genes, including Atrogin1, MuRF1 and Eda2r were upregulated in these myonuclei, emphasizing their crucial role in muscle wasting. Activation of the Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor (EDA2R) pathway suppressed gene sets related to muscle contraction and oxidative metabolism, indicating its involvement in transcriptional reprogramming. Our study also highlighted the negative impact of tumors on oxidative metabolism in muscle tissue and their influence on the transcriptomes of mononuclear cells in skeletal muscle. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agca, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domaniku Waraich, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgic, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sucuoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dag, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kir, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564119</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tumor-induced alterations in single-nucleus transcriptome of atrophying muscles indicate enhanced protein degradation and reduced oxidative metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ambient Temperature Bacterial Large Ribosomal Subunit Structure Enabled by Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomes are the supramolecular complexes responsible for protein synthesis. The large 50S ribosomal subunit catalyzes the peptidyl transferase reaction and peptide bond formation between amino acids. The 50S is targeted by many known clinically effective antibiotics. Available structures, obtained at cryogenic temperatures (CT), are used for drug discovery despite that active or important target sites may display a structural configuration that is CT-induced. The introduction of ultrafast and ultrabright X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses has enabled the structural observation of biological macro- and supramolecules at previously unattainable, near-physiological temperatures. In this study, we use ultrafast and ultrabright XFEL pulses to solve the apo form of 50S ribosomal subunit isolated from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus at ambient temperature (AT). The dimeric structure of the 50S subunit presented in this work is among the largest ([~]3 megadalton) structures determined using an XFEL source to date. This study demonstrates the ability to obtain new information about ribosome structural dynamics at AT through serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX). This allowed us to capture previously unobserved dynamics of ribosomal protein uL23 and coordination by hexahydrated magnesium cations at a hitherto unseen resolution at near-physiological temperature. Also, residue A2602, at the core of the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), shows a rather different orientation of the sugar moiety if compared to CT structures. In addition, our structure highlights the importance of flexible residues at both the PTC and in the binding sites for antibiotics erythromycin and chloramphenicol. The method implemented here may also serve as a starting point for future structural research involving the 50S subunit complexes by employing time-resolved mix-inject and probe kineto-crystallography experiments at XFELs. Unveiling ligand-dependent 50S dynamics at physiological temperatures shall guide further development of next-generation antibiotics that target the translation machinery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tosun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yapici, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupitz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregory, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurkcuoglu, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ambient Temperature Bacterial Large Ribosomal Subunit Structure Enabled by Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Fuzzy sequencer for rapid DNA fragment counting and genotyping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.24.563729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-throughput sequencing technologies generate a vast number of DNA sequence reads simultaneously, which are subsequently analyzed using the information contained within these fragmented reads. The assessment of sequencing technology relies on information efficiency, which measures the amount of information entropy produced per sequencing reaction cycle. In this study, we propose a fuzzy sequencing strategy that exhibits information efficiency more than twice of currently prevailing cyclic reversible terminator sequencing methods. To validate our approach, we developed a fully functional and high-throughput fuzzy sequencer. This sequencer implements a highly efficient fluorogenic sequencing-by-synthesis chemistry and underwent testing across various application scenarios, including copy-number variation detection, noninvasive prenatal testing, transcriptome profiling, mutation genotyping, and metagenomic profling. Our findings unequivocally demonstrate that the fuzzy sequencing strategy outperforms existing methods in terms of information efficiency and delivers accurate resequencing results with faster turnaround times.

One Sentence SummaryA fuzzy sequencer can exceed current limit of information efficiency of DNA sequencers for resequencing applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Di, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.24.563729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Fuzzy sequencer for rapid DNA fragment counting and genotyping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ocular dominance-dependent binocular combination of monocular neuronal responses in macaque V1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primates rely on two eyes to see depth, while keeping a stable vision when one eye is closed. Although psychophysical and modeling studies have investigated how monocular signals are combined to form binocular vision, the corresponding neuronal mechanisms, especially in V1 where most neurons become binocular but with different eye preferences, are not well understood. Here we used two-photon calcium imaging to compare monocular and binocular responses of thousands of V1 superficial-layer neurons in three awake macaques. Under monocular stimulation, neurons preferring the stimulated eye responded substantially stronger than those preferring both eyes. However, under binocular stimulation, the responses of neurons preferring either eye were suppressed, and those preferring both eyes were enhanced, so that neuronal responses became similar regardless of eye preferences. A neuronally realistic model of binocular combination, which includes ocular dominance-dependent divisive interocular inhibition, and binocular summation, is proposed to account for these observations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ocular dominance-dependent binocular combination of monocular neuronal responses in macaque V1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
4D Crystallography Captures Transient IF1-Ribosome Dynamics in Translation Initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.27.564398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Initiation factor 1 (IF1) is one of multiple key ligands involved in the initiation of mRNA translation, a highly dynamic and carefully-orchestrated process. However, details surrounding IF1 transient interactions with the small 30S ribosomal subunit remain incompletely understood despite characterization of unbound and fully-bound 30S states. Improvements in X-ray light sources and crystallographic techniques are now enabling time-resolved structural studies at near-physiological temperature and near-atomic resolution and thus the structural investigation of such dynamic processes. Here, we employed time-resolved serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (TR-SFX) to probe the binding of IF1 to the small 30S ribosomal subunit in real time. Our time-resolved structural data demonstrates transient cryptic short-, mid-, and long-range allostery among different regions of the small 30 ribosomal subunit during IF1 binding, revealing small- and large-scale protein-target interactions and dynamics within intermediate macromolecular states at unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. These data represent one of the first such 4D crystallographic studies assessing protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions and could serve as the basis for subsequent studies of the ribosome and of the multitudinous dynamic processes which underpin biology, and therefore, of life.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yapici, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shafiei Kamel, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ertem, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kepceoglu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guven, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ergul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kupitz, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poitevin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Milon, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitsutake, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sierra, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[4D Crystallography Captures Transient IF1-Ribosome Dynamics in Translation Initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PerSEveML: A Web-Based Tool to Identify Persistent Biomarker Structure for Rare Events Using Integrative Machine Learning Approach 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.564000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Omics datasets often pose a computational challenge due to their high dimensionality, large size, and non-linear structures. Analyzing these datasets becomes especially daunting in the presence of rare events. Machine learning (ML) methods have gained traction for analyzing rare events, yet there remains a limited exploration of bioinformatics tools that integrate ML techniques to comprehend the underlying biology. Expanding upon our previously developed computational framework of an integrative machine learning approach1, we introduce PerSEveML, an interactive web-based that uses crowd-sourced intelligence to predict rare events and determine feature selection structures. PerSEveML provides a comprehensive overview of the integrative approach through evaluation metrics that help users understand the contribution of individual ML methods to the prediction process. Additionally, PerSEveML calculates entropy and rank scores, which visually organize input features into a persistent structure of selected, unselected, and fluctuating categories that help researchers uncover meaningful hypotheses regarding the underlying biology. We have evaluated PerSEveML on three diverse biologically complex data sets with extremely rare events from small to large scale and have demonstrated its ability to generate valid hypotheses. PerSEveML is available at https://biostats-shinyr.kumc.edu/PerSEveML/ and https://github.com/sreejatadutta/PerSEveML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dutta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudaranthakam, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.25.564000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PerSEveML: A Web-Based Tool to Identify Persistent Biomarker Structure for Rare Events Using Integrative Machine Learning Approach]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social Rank Alters the Synchrony of Attribute Integration in Altruistic Decisions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.26.564311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social rank, which represents the hierarchical dominance structure in societies, forms the backdrop against which most social decisions are made. Effective social decision-making demands the flexible integration of multifaceted information, including the relative weights and timings of different attributes. However, there is limited understanding of the potential impact of attribute timing on social preferences and, crucially, whether attribute weights and timings are susceptible to the influence of social rank. Here, through a two-stage social decision task, we manipulated subjects social rank before they engaged in altruistic decisions. By interrogating behavioral data through the lens of the time-varying drift diffusion process, we found that the behavioral patterns are better explained by a model that considers both attribute timing and weight. Interestingly, varying social ranks only modulate attribute timings in the decision process, leaving attribute weights unaffected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that individuals with more prosocial tendencies exhibited higher sensitivities of attribute timing in response to the changes of social rank and these results were replicated in a separate and larger cohort of participants. Our results underscore the intricate interplay between social rank and social attribute integration and introduce a new dimension to the computational mechanisms that underlie social decision-making.

Author SummarySocial rank characterizes the background where most social decisions take place, however, the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying how social rank influences altruistic decisions remain elusive. Here, combining a two-stage social decision task and time-varying DDM, we reveal that social rank specifically modulates attribute timings in the decision process, leaving attribute weights unaffected. Our results underscore the intricate interplay between social rank and social attribute integration during social decision-making.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.26.564311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social Rank Alters the Synchrony of Attribute Integration in Altruistic Decisions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From sequence to molecules: Feature sequence-based genome mining uncovers the hidden diversity of bacterial siderophore pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial secondary metabolites are a rich source for pharmaceutical discoveries and play crucial ecological functions. While tools exist to identify secondary metabolite clusters in genomes, precise sequence-to-function mapping remains challenging because neither function nor substrate specificity of biosynthesis enzymes can accurately be predicted. Here we developed a knowledge-guided bioinformatic pipeline to solve these issues. We analyzed 1928 genomes of Pseudomonas bacteria and focused on iron-scavenging pyoverdines as model metabolites. Our pipeline predicted 188 chemically different pyoverdines with nearly 100% structural accuracy and the presence of 94 distinct receptor groups required for the uptake of iron-loaded pyoverdines. Our pipeline unveils an enormous yet overlooked diversity of siderophores (151 new structures) and receptors (91 new groups). Our approach, combining feature sequence with phylogenetic approaches, is extendable to other metabolites and microbial genera, and thus emerges as powerful tool to reconstruct bacterial secondary metabolism pathways based on sequence data.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=118 SRC="FIGDIR/small/564663v5_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehm, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigler, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jousset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friman, V.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kummerli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From sequence to molecules: Feature sequence-based genome mining uncovers the hidden diversity of bacterial siderophore pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564691v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Breast cancer risk SNPs converge on estrogen receptor binding sites commonly shared between breast tumors to locally alter estrogen signalling output 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564691v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER) is the main driver and prime drug target in luminal breast. ER chromatin binding is extensively studied in cell lines and a limited number of human tumors, using consensi of peaks shared among samples. However, little is known about inter-tumor heterogeneity of ER chromatin action, along with its biological implications.

Here, we use a large set of ER ChIP-seq data from 70 ER+ breast cancers to explore inter-patient heterogeneity in ER DNA binding, to reveal a striking inter-tumor heterogeneity of ER action. Interestingly, commonly-shared ER sites showed the highest estrogen-driven enhancer activity and were most-engaged in long-range chromatin interactions. In addition, the most-commonly shared ER-occupied enhancers were enriched for breast cancer risk SNP loci. We experimentally confirm SNVs to impact chromatin binding potential for ER and its pioneer factor FOXA1. Finally, in the TCGA breast cancer cohort, we could confirm these variations to associate with differences in expression for the target gene. Cumulatively, we reveal a natural hierarchy of ER-chromatin interactions in breast cancers within a highly heterogeneous inter-tumor ER landscape, with the most-common shared regions being most active and affected by germline functional risk SNPs for breast cancer development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joosten, S. E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gregoricchio, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stelloo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yapici, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donaldson Collier, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altintas, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canisius, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korkmaz, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vermeulen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwart, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564691</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Breast cancer risk SNPs converge on estrogen receptor binding sites commonly shared between breast tumors to locally alter estrogen signalling output]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Attenuating amyloid-beta pathology in mice with in situ programmed astrocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes are abundant cells in the central nervous system that provide trophic support for neurons and clear detrimental factors, such as A{beta} oligomers (A{beta}Os). However, in the brains of Alzheimers disease (AD) patients, astrocytes lose these physiological functions. Here, we genetically engineered astrocytes with an anti-A{beta}O chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), constructed by replacing the antigen-binding domain of MerTK with an A{beta}O-specific single-chain variable fragment, to direct their phagocytic activity against A{beta}Os. CAR-engineered astrocytes (CAR-As) showed significantly enhanced phagocytosis of A{beta}Os due to effective activation of Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA and markedly decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines due to inhibition of the NF-{kappa}B and cytokine receptor signalling pathways. Consistently, in situ CAR-As markedly ameliorated the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic mice possibly by clearing A{beta}Os and creating a non-inflammatory microenvironment for neuronal survival and the restoration of microglia to a healthy phenotype. Our present study is the first to introduce a CAR-A-based therapy, validate its feasibility and effectiveness, and highlight its potential application for the treatment of AD and other brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.-b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-g.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-r.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.-q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>li, L.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, S.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.-j.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, S.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.-w.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.-l.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.-t.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Attenuating amyloid-beta pathology in mice with in situ programmed astrocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A foundation model for bioactivity prediction using pairwise meta-learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.30.564861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Compound bioactivity plays an important role in different stages of drug development and discovery. Existing machine learning approaches have poor generalization ability in compound bioactivity prediction due to the small number of compounds in each assay and incompatible measurements among assays. Here, we propose ActFound, a foundation model for bioactivity prediction trained on 2.3 million experimentally-measured bioactivity compounds and 50, 869 assays from ChEMBL and BindingDB. The key idea of ActFound is to employ pairwise learning to learn the relative value differences between two compounds within the same assay to circumvent the incompatibility among assays. ActFound further exploits meta-learning to jointly optimize the model from all assays. On six real-world bioactivity datasets, ActFound demonstrates accurate in-domain prediction and strong generalization across datasets, assay types, and molecular scaffolds. We also demonstrated that ActFound can be used as an accurate alternative to the leading computational chemistry software FEP+(OPLS4) by achieving comparable performance when only using a few data points for fine-tuning. The promising results of ActFound indicate that ActFound can be an effective foundation model for a wide range of tasks in compound bioactivity prediction, paving the path for machine learning-based drug development and discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirzoyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.564861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A foundation model for bioactivity prediction using pairwise meta-learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565178v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-molecule analysis of purified proteins and nuclear extracts: insights from 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.01.565178v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
By observing one molecule at a time, single-molecule studies can offer detailed insights about biomolecular processes including on rates, off rates, and diffusivity of molecules on strands of DNA. A recent technological advance (Single-molecule Analysis of DNA-binding proteins from Nuclear Extracts, SMADNE) has lowered the barrier to entry for single-molecule studies, and single-molecule dynamics can now be determined directly out of nuclear extracts, providing information in an intermediate environment between purified proteins in isolation and the heterogeneity of a nucleus. To compare and contrast the single-molecule DNA binding dynamics in nuclear extracts versus purified proteins, combined optical tweezers and fluorescence microscopy experiments were performed with purified GFP-tagged 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1), purified GFP-OGG1 spiked into nuclear extracts, and nuclear extracts from human cells overexpressing GFP-OGG1. We observed differences in undamaged DNA binding during DNA damage search in each of the three conditions. Purified GFP-OGG1 engaged undamaged DNA for a weighted average lifetime of 5.7 s and 21% of these events underwent DNA diffusion after binding. However, unlike other glycosylases studied by SMADNE, OGG1 does not bind non-damaged DNA efficiently in nuclear extracts. In contrast, GFP-OGG1 binding dynamics on DNA substrates containing oxidative damage were relatively similar in all three conditions, with the weighted average binding lifetimes varying from 2.2 s in nuclear extracts to 7.8 s with purified GFP-OGG1 in isolation. Finally, we compared the purified protein and nuclear extract approaches for a catalytically dead OGG1 variant (GFP-OGG1-K249Q). This variant greatly increased the binding lifetime for oxidative DNA damage, with the weighted average lifetime for GFP-OGG1-249Q in nuclear extracts at 15.4 s vs 10.7 s for the purified protein. SMADNE will provide a new window of observation into the behavior of nucleic acid binding proteins only accessible by biophysicists trained in protein purification and protein labeling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roginskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Houten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.01.565178</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-molecule analysis of purified proteins and nuclear extracts: insights from 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The intrinsically disordered transcriptional activation domain of CIITA is functionally tuneable by single substitutions: An exception or a new rule? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.02.565367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During protein evolution, some amino acid substitutions modulate protein function ("tuneability"). In most proteins, the tuneable range is wide and can be sampled by a set of protein variants that each contains multiple amino acid substitutions. In other proteins, the full tuneable range can be accessed by a set of variants that each contains a single substitution. Indeed, in some globular proteins, the full tuneable range can be accessed by the set of site-saturating substitutions at an individual "rheostat" position. However, in proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), most functional studies - which would also detect tuneability - used multiple substitutions or small deletions. In disordered transcriptional activation domains (ADs), studies with multiple substitutions led to the "acidic exposure" model, which does not anticipate the existence of rheostat positions. In the few studies that did assess effects of single substitutions on AD function, results were mixed: The ADs of two full-length transcription factors did not show tuneability, whereas a fragment of a third AD was tuneable by single substitutions. Here, we tested tuneability in the AD of full-length human class II transactivator (CIITA). Sequence analyses and experiments showed that CIITAs AD is an IDR. Functional assays of singly-substituted AD variants showed that CIITAs function was highly tuneable, with outcomes not predicted by the acidic exposure model. Four tested positions showed rheostat behaviour for transcriptional activation. Thus, tuneability of different IDRs can vary widely. Future studies are needed to illuminate the biophysical features that govern whether an IDR is tuneable by single substitutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sreenivasan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heffren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, K.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodnin, M. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fenton, A. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ladokhin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fontes, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swint-Kruse, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.02.565367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The intrinsically disordered transcriptional activation domain of CIITA is functionally tuneable by single substitutions: An exception or a new rule?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of hepatic transcription factor EB activity during cold exposure uncovers direct regulation of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate lipids by Pla2g15 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cold exposure is a selective environmental stress that elicits a rapid metabolic shift to maintain energy homeostasis. In response to cold exposure, the liver rewires the metabolic state shifting from glucose to lipid catabolism. By probing the liver lipids in cold exposure, we observed that the lysosomal bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) lipids were rapidly increased during cold exposure. BMP lipid changes occurred independently of lysosomal abundance but were dependent on the lysosomal transcriptional regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB). Knockdown of TFEB in hepatocytes decreased BMP lipid levels and led to cold intolerance in mice. We assessed TFEB binding sites of lysosomal genes and determined that the phospholipase Pla2g15 regulates BMP lipid catabolism. Knockdown of Pla2g15 in mice increased BMP lipid levels, ablated the cold-induced rise, and improved cold tolerance. Knockout of Pla2g15 in mice and hepatocytes led to increased BMP lipid levels, that were decreased with re-expression of Pla2g15. Mutation of the catalytic site of Pla2g15 ablated the BMP lipid breakdown. Together, our studies uncover TFEB regulation of BMP lipids through Pla2g15 catabolism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geoghegan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nesbitt, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavanagh, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michorowska, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Verma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueler, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinkoka-Galcheva, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shishkova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coon, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shayman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simcox, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of hepatic transcription factor EB activity during cold exposure uncovers direct regulation of bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate lipids by Pla2g15]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565427v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The hidden function of nonspecifically DNA-bound RNA polymerases: a buffer of resource competition in bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.04.565427v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the workhorse of bacterial gene expression, transcribing rRNA and mRNA. Experiments found that a significant fraction of RNAPs in bacteria are nonspecifically bound to DNA, which is puzzling as these idle RNAPs could have produced more RNAs. Whether nonspecifically DNA-bound RNAPs have any function or are merely a consequence of passive interaction between RNAP and DNA is unclear. In this work, we propose that nonspecifically DNA-bound RNAPs buffer the free RNAP concentration and mitigate the crosstalk between rRNA and mRNA transcription. We verify our theory using mean-field models and an agent-based model of transcription, showing that the buffering effects are robust against the interaction between RNAPs and sigma factors and the spatial fluctuation and temporal noise of RNAP concentration. We analyze the relevant parameters of Escherichia coli and find that the buffering effects are significant across different growth rates at a low cost, suggesting that nonspecifically DNA-bound RNAPs are evolutionarily advantageous.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.04.565427</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The hidden function of nonspecifically DNA-bound RNA polymerases: a buffer of resource competition in bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual long-axis reorganization of hippocampus in youth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.03.565423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The reorganization of human hippocampus, especially its interaction with cortex, remains largely undefined in youth. The organization of a single hippocampal long-axis has been predominantly characterized as monotonic1-6, despite recent indications of nonmonotonic features in neuron density7 and geometric eigenmodes8. While the human cortical hierarchy has been well recognized for significant developmental and evolutionary advantages9-12, hippocampus has been typically considered an evolutionarily conserved brain structure1,13,14, and overlooked regarding its integrative role of cortical hierarchical processing during development. Here, we corroborated the presence and significance of a dual long-axis representation of the hippocampal connectome and geometry including both linear and quadratic gradients along its long-axis in youth. This finding was robust across two independent large-scale developmental cohorts. Charting development of the dual long-axis gradients underscored their specific contributions to the cortical hierarchy maturation from the frontoparietal and salience/ventral attention networks. The observed developmental variability in spontaneous brain activities in youth parallels the gradients of myelin content. During childhood through adolescence to early adulthood, the hippocampus reorganized the dual long-axis by gradually relaxing its geometric constraints on the intrinsic network organization of cortical spontaneous activity for refined executive functions. Molecular processes underlying such reorganization of the dual long-axis in hippocampus are linked to neural growth, stress hormone regulation, and neuroactive signaling. Our findings enrich the understanding of hippocampal-cortical reorganizational principles across structural, functional, and molecular dimensions as well as its maturation, and define the plasticity distribution within the human hippocampus at systems level, holding potentials to enhance and translate neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric healthcare.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.03.565423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual long-axis reorganization of hippocampus in youth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Acinetobacter guillouiae strain isolated from sludge capable of partially degrade polyethylene terephthalate: genomic and biochemical insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The escalating accumulation of plastic waste in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems profoundly threatens environmental health and biodiversity while impacting human well-being. Recently, many microorganisms capable of degrading polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been reported, primarily sourced from terrestrial soils and marine environments. Notably, the challenge of PET pollution in aquatic environments has remained a persistent research concern. In this study, we present the isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter guillouiae strain I-MWF, obtained from a wastewater treatment plant in Makri, AJK, Pakistan, using molecular phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequencing. Results revealed that this strain exhibits the ability for PET powder degradation, as confirmed by HPLC/LCMS analysis. Furthermore, we conducted whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology and bioinformatically explored this strains potential repertoire of lipase and esterase enzymes. Under optimized conditions of 23{degrees}C and pH 7 in mineral salt media with PET powder as the sole organic substrate, A. guillouiae I-MWF could degrade partially. Extracellular enzymes yielded PET depolymerization products identified as mono(2- hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid and terephthalic acid. The sequenced genome of this strain spans 4.61 Mb with a mean G + C content of 38.2%, containing 4,178 coding genes, 71 tRNA, and six rRNA genes. Although no cutinase-like enzymes were identified, our analysis unveiled a diverse array of putative lipases and three esterases, all sharing the typical /{beta} hydrolase fold. Additionally, comprehensive molecular modelling analysis suggested that some of the 18 identified extracellular hydrolases may be involved in polyester enzymatic depolymerization processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akhtar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najjari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tullberg, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awan, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majeed, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linares-Pasten, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.05.565377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Acinetobacter guillouiae strain isolated from sludge capable of partially degrade polyethylene terephthalate: genomic and biochemical insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From sequence to ecology: siderophore-receptor coevolution algorithm predicts bacterial interactions in complex communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.05.565711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting bacterial social interactions from genome sequences is notoriously difficult. Here, we developed bioinformatic tools to predict whether secreted iron-scavenging siderophores stimulate or inhibit the growth of community members. Siderophores are chemically diverse and can be stimulatory or inhibitory depending on whether bacteria possess or lack corresponding uptake receptors. We focused on 1928 representative Pseudomonas genomes and developed a co-evolution algorithm to match all encoded siderophore synthetases to corresponding receptor gene groups with >90% accuracy based on experimental validation. We derived community-level iron interaction networks to show that selection for siderophore-mediated interactions differs across habitats and lifestyles. Specifically, dense networks of siderophore sharing and competition were observed among environmental (soil/water/plant) strains and non-pathogenic species, while only fragmented networks occurred among human-derived strains and pathogenic species. Altogether, our sequence-to-ecology approach empowers the analyses of social interactions among thousands of bacterial strains and uncovers ways for targeted intervention to microbial communities.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jousset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friman, V.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuemmerli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.05.565711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From sequence to ecology: siderophore-receptor coevolution algorithm predicts bacterial interactions in complex communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Poisoning medical knowledge using large language models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.06.565928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomedical knowledge graphs constructed from scientific literature have been widely used to validate biological discoveries and generate new hypotheses. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated a strong ability to generate human-like text data. While most of these text data have been useful, LLM might also be used to generate malicious content. Here, we investigate whether it is possible that a malicious actor can use LLM to generate a malicious paper that poisons scientific knowledge graphs and further affects downstream biological applications. As a proof-of-concept, we develop Scorpius, a conditional text generation model that generates a malicious paper abstract conditioned on a promoting drug and a target disease. The goal is to fool the knowledge graph constructed from a mixture of this malicious abstract and millions of real papers so that knowledge graph consumers will misidentify this promoting drug as relevant to the target disease. We evaluated Scorpius on a knowledge graph constructed from 3,818,528 papers and found that Scorpius can increase the relevance of 71.3% drug disease pairs from the top 1000 to the top 10 by only adding one malicious abstract. Moreover, the generation of Scorpius achieves better perplexity than ChatGPT, suggesting that such malicious abstracts cannot be efficiently detected by humans. Collectively, Scorpius demonstrates the possibility of poisoning scientific knowledge graphs and manipulating downstream applications using LLMs, indicating the importance of accountable and trustworthy scientific knowledge discovery in the era of LLM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirzoyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.06.565928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Poisoning medical knowledge using large language models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bni5 tethers myosin-II to septins to enhance retrograde actin flow and the robustness of cytokinesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The collaboration between septins and myosin-II in driving processes outside of cytokinesis remains largely uncharted. Here, we demonstrate that Bni5 in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae interacts with myosin-II, septin filaments, and the septin-associated kinase Elm1 via distinct domains at its N- and C-termini, thereby tethering the mobile myosin-II to the stable septin hourglass at the division site from bud emergence to the onset of cytokinesis. The septin and Elm1-binding domains, together with a central disordered region, of Bni5 control timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring, enabling the actomyosin ring constriction. The Bni5-tethered myosin-II enhances retrograde actin cable flow, which contributes to the asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria-associated protein aggregates during cell division, and also strengthens cytokinesis against various perturbations. Thus, we have established a biochemical pathway involving septin-Bni5-myosin-II interactions at the division site, which can inform mechanistic understanding of the role of myosin-II in other retrograde flow systems.

SummaryOkada et al. have determined the molecular mechanism underlying the Bni5 interactions with septins and myosin-II at the cell division site and uncovered its roles in promoting retrograde actin flow and the robustness of cytokinesis in budding yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Okada, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marquardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bni5 tethers myosin-II to septins to enhance retrograde actin flow and the robustness of cytokinesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An acidophilic fungus is integral to prey digestion in a carnivorous plant 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Carnivorous plant leaves, such as those of the spoon-leaved sundew Drosera spatulata, secrete mucilage which hosts microorganisms potentially aiding in prey digestion. We characterised the mucilage microbial communities and identified the acidophilic fungus Acrodontium crateriforme as the ecologically dominant species. The fungus grows and sporulates on sundew glands as its preferred acidic environment. We show that the A. crateriforme has a reduced genome similar to that of other symbiotic fungi. Based on the transcriptomes when encountering prey insects, we revealed a high degree of genes co-option in each species during fungus-plant coexistence and digestion. Expression patterns of the holobiont during digestion further revealed synergistic effects in several gene families including fungal aspartic and sedolisin peptidases, facilitating the digestion of sundews prey, as well as transporters and dose-dependent responses in plant genes involved in jasmonate signalling pathway. This study establishes that botanical carnivory is defined by multidimensional adaptations correlated with interspecies interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, P.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-f.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoh, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.-Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirschner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An acidophilic fungus is integral to prey digestion in a carnivorous plant]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566235v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elucidating the Synergistic Role of Elm1 and Gin4 Kinases in Regulating Septin Hourglass Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566235v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The septin cytoskeleton is extensively regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation to achieve the diversity of architectures including rings, hourglass, and gauzes. While many of the phosphorylation events of septins have been extensively studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the regulation of the kinases involved remains poorly understood. Here we show that two septin-associated kinases, the LKB1/PAR-4-related kinase Elm1 and the Nim1/PAR-1-related kinase Gin4, regulate each other at two discrete points of the cell cycle. During bud emergence, Gin4 targets Elm1 to the bud neck via direct binding and phosphorylation to control septin hourglass assembly and stability. During mitosis, Elm1 maintains Gin4 localization via direct binding and phosphorylation to enable timely remodeling of the septin hourglass into a double ring. This unique synergy ensures that septin architecture is assembled and remodeled in a temporally controlled manner to perform distinct functions during the cell cycle.

SUMMARYMarquardt et al. show that the septin-associated kinases Elm1 and Gin4 regulate each other via both direct binding and phosphorylation to control septin hourglass assembly and remodeling at different points of the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marquardt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.566235</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elucidating the Synergistic Role of Elm1 and Gin4 Kinases in Regulating Septin Hourglass Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565939v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amalga: Designable Protein Backbone Generation with Folding and Inverse Folding Guidance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.565939v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in deep learning enable new approaches to protein design through inverse folding and backbone generation. However, backbone generators may produce structures that inverse folding struggles to identify sequences for, indicating designability issues. We propose Amalga, an inference-time technique that enhances designability of backbone generators. Amalga leverages folding and inverse folding models to guide backbone generation towards more designable conformations by incorporating "folded-from-inverse-folded" (FIF) structures. To generate FIF structures, possible sequences are predicted from step-wise predictions in the reverse diffusion and further folded into new backbones. Being intrinsically designable, the FIF structures guide the generated backbones to a more designable distribution. Experiments on both de novo design and motif-scaffolding demonstrate improved designability and diversity with Amalga on RFdiffusion.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.565939</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amalga: Designable Protein Backbone Generation with Folding and Inverse Folding Guidance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis to Increase Effect Sizes for Event-Related Potential Analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.07.566051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Multivariate pattern analysis approaches can be applied to the topographic distribution of event-related potential (ERP) signals to  decode subtly different stimulus classes, such as different faces or different orientations. These approaches are extremely sensitive, and it seems possible that they could also be used to increase effect sizes and statistical power in traditional paradigms that ask whether an ERP component differs in amplitude across conditions. To assess this possibility, we leveraged the open-source ERP CORE dataset and compared the effect sizes resulting from conventional univariate analyses of mean amplitude with two multivariate pattern analysis approaches (support vector machine decoding and the cross-validated Mahalanobis distance, both of which are easy to compute using open-source software). We assessed these approaches across seven widely studied ERP components (N170, N400, N2pc, P3b, lateral readiness potential, error related negativity, and mismatch negativity). Across all components, we found that multivariate approaches yielded effect sizes that were as large or larger than the effect sizes produced by univariate approaches. These results indicate that researchers could obtain larger effect sizes, and therefore greater statistical power, by using multivariate analysis of topographic voltage patterns instead of traditional univariate analyses in many ERP studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Carrasco, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simmons, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luck, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.566051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Using Multivariate Pattern Analysis to Increase Effect Sizes for Event-Related Potential Analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566461v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MAB-5/Hox regulates the Q neuroblast transcriptome, including cwn-1/Wnt, to mediate posterior migration in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566461v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurogenesis involves the precisely-coordinated action of genetic programs controlling large-scale neuronal fate specification down to terminal events of neuronal differentiation. The Q neuroblasts in C. elegans, QL on the left and QR on the right, divide, differentiate, and migrate in a similar pattern to produce three neurons each. However, QL on the left migrates posteriorly, and QR on the right migrates anteriorly. The MAB-5/Hox transcription factor is necessary and sufficient for posterior Q lineage migration, and is normally expressed only in the QL lineage. To define genes controlled by MAB-5 in the Q cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting was utilized to isolate populations of Q cells at a time in early L1 larvae when MAB-5 first becomes active. Sorted Q cells from wild-type, mab-5 loss-of-function (lof), and mab-5 gain-of-function (gof) mutants were subject to RNA-seq and differential expression analysis. Genes enriched in Q cells included those involved in cell division, DNA replication, and DNA repair, consist with the neuroblast stem cell identity of the Q cells at this stage. Genes affected by mab-5 included those involved in neurogenesis, neural development, and interaction with the extracellular matrix. cwn-1, which encodes a Wnt signaling molecule, showed a paired response to mab-5 in the Q cells: cwn-1 expression was reduced in mab-5(lof) and increased in mab-5(gof), suggesting that MAB-5 is required for cwn-1 expression in Q cells. MAB-5 is required to prevent anterior migration of the Q lineage while it transcriptionally reprograms the Q lineage for posterior migration. Functional genetic analysis revealed that CWN-1 is required downstream of MAB-5 to inhibit anterior migration of the QL lineage, likely in parallel to EGL-20/Wnt in a non-canonical Wnt pathway. In sum, work here describes a Q cell transcriptome, and a set of genes regulated by MAB-5 in the QL lineage. One of these genes, cwn-1, acts downstream of mab-5 in QL migration, indicating that this gene set includes other genes utilized by MAB-5 to facilitate posterior neuroblast migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Paolillo, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ochs, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566461</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MAB-5/Hox regulates the Q neuroblast transcriptome, including cwn-1/Wnt, to mediate posterior migration in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566028v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria differentially contribute to ammonia oxidation in soil under precipitation gradients and land legacy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.08.566028v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlobal change has accelerated the nitrogen cycle. Soil nitrogen stock degradation by microbes leads to the release of various gases, including nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) participate in the soil nitrogen cycle, producing N2O. There are outstanding questions regarding the impact of environmental processes such as precipitation and land use legacy on AOA and AOB structurally, compositionally, and functionally. To answer these questions, we analyzed field soil cores and soil monoliths under varying precipitation profiles and land legacies.

ResultsWe resolved 28 AOA and AOB metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and found that they were significantly higher in drier environments and differentially abundant in different land use legacies. We further dissected AOA and AOB functional potentials to understand their contribution to nitrogen transformation capabilities. We identified the involvement of stress response genes, differential metabolic functional potentials, and subtle population dynamics under different environmental parameters for AOA and AOB. We observed that AOA MAGs lacked a canonical membrane-bound electron transport chain and F-type ATPase but possessed A/A-type ATPase, while AOB MAGs had a complete complex III module and F-type ATPase, suggesting differential survival strategies of AOA and AOB.

ConclusionsThe outcomes from this study will enable us to comprehend how drought-like environments and land use legacies could impact AOA- and AOB-driven nitrogen transformations in soil.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazarina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hargreaves, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reese, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ran, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kessler, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Souza, L. F. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loecke, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarto, M. V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rice, C. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeglin, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikes, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.08.566028</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria differentially contribute to ammonia oxidation in soil under precipitation gradients and land legacy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566683v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Urine proteomic analysis of patients with schizophrenia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.11.566683v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We tried to explore the difference of urinary proteome between unmedicated schizophrenia patients and normal people through a small number of cases. The results showed that a total of 35 differential proteins were screened in the schizophrenia group compared with the healthy control group. Through random grouping evaluation, it has 91.4 % credibility. Fifteen of the differentially expressed proteins were reported to be related to schizophrenia mechanism, drug target or nervous system regulation. Among them, the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase related to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia can distinguish all 10 patients and 9 normal people with 100 % accuracy in this study, and the AUC value of 17 proteins is greater than or equal to 0.9. The biological pathways enriched by differentially expressed proteins include ephrin receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation of long-term potentiation (LTP), etc. This study shows that urine proteomics can reflect the difference between schizophrenia and healthy controls, and has the potential as a diagnostic marker.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.11.566683</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Urine proteomic analysis of patients with schizophrenia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutational scanning reveals oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations have diverse effects on signalling and clinical traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.09.566307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CTNNB1, the gene encoding {beta}-catenin, is a frequent target for oncogenic mutations activating the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, typically via missense mutations within a degron hotspot motif in exon 3. Here, we combine saturation genome editing with a fluorescent reporter assay to quantify signalling phenotypes for all 342 missense mutations in the mutation hotspot, including 74 recurrent mutations reported in over 6000 tumours. Our data define the genetic requirements for {beta}-catenin degron function and reveal diverse levels of signal activation among known driver mutations. Tumorigenesis in different human tissues involves selection for CTNNB1 mutations spanning distinct ranges of effect size. In hepatocellular carcinoma, mutations that activate {beta}-catenin relatively weakly are associated with worse prognosis compared to stronger activating mutations, despite greater immune cell infiltration in the tumour microenvironment. Our work therefore provides a resource to understand mutational diversity within a pan-cancer mutation hotspot, with potential implications for targeted therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Krishna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meynert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelder, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewing, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheraz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrer-Vacquer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimes, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Becher, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silk, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semple, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kendall, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hadjontanakis, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bird, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohenstein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wood, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.09.566307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutational scanning reveals oncogenic CTNNB1 mutations have diverse effects on signalling and clinical traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progenitors influence patterning of the sensory epithelium. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During embryonic development Wnt signaling has been shown to influence proliferation and sensory formation in the cochlea. How the dual nature of Wnt signaling is coordinated is unknown. In this study, we define a novel role for a Wnt regulated gene, Mybl2, which was already known to be important for proliferation, in influencing patterning and determining the size of the sensory epithelium in the murine cochlea. Using a quantitative spatial analysis approach and analyzing Mybl2 loss-of-function cochleas, we show that Mybl2 simultaneously specifies the progenitor niche and the size of the sensory domain, and influences the positioning of the medial sensory domain boundary via Jag1 regulation during the mid-gestational stages. Mybl2 conditional knockout resulted in a decrease of proliferation within the progenitor niche. During the late embryonic stages, conditional knockout of Mybl2 produced a wider sensory epithelium across the radial axis with an increase in ectopic inner hair cell formation. These data suggest that Mybl2-positive progenitors play a role in boundary formation and patterning the sensory epithelium.

Summary StatementMybl2 is a Wnt-regulated gene encoding a transcription factor that is expressed in the cochlear progenitor niche and influences the boundary formation between the niche and the sensory domain during mid-cochlear developmental stages, thereby impacting the size of the sensory epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Young, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munnamalai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progenitors influence patterning of the sensory epithelium.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Meiotic drive, postzygotic isolation, and the Snowball Effect 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.14.567107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWAs populations diverge, they accumulate incompatibilities which reduce gene flow and facilitate the formation of new species. Simple models suggest that the genes that cause Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities should accumulate at least as fast as the square of the number of substitutions between taxa, the so-called snowball effect. We show, however, that in the special-- but possibly common-- case in which hybrid sterility is due primarily to cryptic meiotic (gametic) drive, the number of genes that cause postzygotic isolation may increase nearly linearly with the number of substitutions between species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.14.567107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Meiotic drive, postzygotic isolation, and the Snowball Effect]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566627v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Speeding up iterative applications of the BUILD supertree algorithm 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.10.566627v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Open Tree of Life (OToL) project produces a supertree that summarizes phylogenetic knowledge from tree estimates published in the primary literature. The supetree construction algorithm iteratively calls Ahos Build algorithm thousands of times in order to assess the compatability of different phylogenetic groupings. We describe an incrementalized version of the Build algorithm that is able to share work between successive calls to Build. We provide details that allow a programmer to implement the incremental algorithm BO_SCPLOWUILDC_SCPLOWIO_SCPLOWNCC_SCPLOW, including pseudo-code and a description of data structures. We assess the effect of BO_SCPLOWUILDC_SCPLOWIO_SCPLOWNCC_SCPLOW on our supertree algorithm by analyzing simulated data and by analyzing a supertree problem taken from the OToL 13.4 synthesis tree. We find that BO_SCPLOWUILDC_SCPLOWIO_SCPLOWNCC_SCPLOW provides up to 550-fold speedup for our supertree algorithm.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Redelings, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.10.566627</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Speeding up iterative applications of the BUILD supertree algorithm]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.566945v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease antagonizes dsRNA-induced antiviral signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.15.566945v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has caused millions of deaths since emerging in 2019. Innate immune antagonism by lethal CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for optimal replication and pathogenesis. The conserved nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) endoribonuclease (EndoU) limits activation of double-stranded (ds)RNA-induced pathways, including interferon (IFN) signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) during diverse CoV infections including murine coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. To determine how nsp15 functions during SARS-CoV-2 infection, we constructed a mutant recombinant SARS-CoV-2 (nsp15mut) expressing a catalytically inactive nsp15. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 mut led to increased activation of the IFN signaling and PKR pathways in lung-derived epithelial cell lines and primary nasal epithelial air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures as well as significant attenuation of replication in ALI cultures compared to wild-type (WT) virus. This replication defect was rescued when IFN signaling was inhibited with the Janus activated kinase (JAK) inhibitor ruxolitinib. Finally, to assess nsp15 function in the context of minimal (MERS-CoV) or moderate (SARS-CoV-2) innate immune induction, we compared infections with SARS-CoV-2 nsp15mut and previously described MERS-CoV nsp15 mutants. Inactivation of nsp15 had a more dramatic impact on MERS-CoV replication than SARS-CoV-2 in both Calu3 cells and nasal ALI cultures suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 can better tolerate innate immune responses. Taken together, SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 is a potent inhibitor of dsRNA-induced innate immune response and its antagonism of IFN signaling is necessary for optimal viral replication in primary nasal ALI culture.

SIGNIFICANCESevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 causes a spectrum of respiratory disease ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia and death. Innate immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection have been associated with clinical disease severity, with robust early interferon responses in the nasal epithelium reported to be protective. Thus, elucidating mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 induces and antagonizes host innate immune responses is crucial to understanding viral pathogenesis. CoVs encode various innate immune antagonists, including the conserved nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) which contains an endoribonuclease (EndoU) domain. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 EndoU is a crucial interferon antagonist, by providing further evidence for the role of the conserved CoV nsp15 in antagonizing innate immune activation, thereby optimizing CoV replication.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Otter, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bracci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parenti, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li Hui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asthana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silverman, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sobrido, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.15.566945</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 endoribonuclease antagonizes dsRNA-induced antiviral signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A shift in the host web occupancy of dew-drop spiders associated with genetic divergence in the Southwest Pacific 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AimWe assessed the population genetic structure of the kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes bonadea across the Southwestern Pacific islands. Our focus is on assessing the impact of overseas distances and, in particular, the Kerama gap, as potential drivers of genetic differentiation. We found that the spider kleptoparasites switch to a specific host species is associated with significant genetic variation at fine scales, whereas the same species adoption of a generalist host strategy has likely facilitated its broad dispersal, colonization, and recent range expansion across the southwestern Pacific, and is associated with a lack of geographically- structured genetic variation in these latter, subsequently-colonized landmasses.

LocationSouthwestern Pacific Islands

TaxonArgyrodes bonadea

MethodsWe used mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) gene sequences, and Restriction Site-associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-seq) for our analyses.

ResultsTwo strongly supported lineages, an Amami-Okinawa Lineage (AOL) and an Austral-Asia Lineage (AAL) correspond to two separate clades, roughly divided by the Kerama Gap, in phylogenetic trees estimated here. However, species delimitation led to the interpretation of only a single species present. The AOL exhibits complex, geographically-structured host web spider species specificity, wherein the Amami population utilizes Cyrtophora, but AOL samples in Okinawa associates exclusively with Nephila--and yet all broadly distributed AAL populations show no evidence of host web spider species specificity.

Main conclusionThe population boundary between AOL and AAL likely results from local adaptation to novel hosts--instead of isolation by the Kerama Gap--following long-distance dispersal and range expansion. Our results suggest kleptoparasitic spiders have the capacity to overcome permanent deep-sea barriers and colonize distant landmasses. Whereas peripheral populations (AOL) demonstrate the capacity for specialization to a single host, which may have contributed to genetic differentiation and isolation, the broadly-distributed AAL persists and has successfully expanded its geographical range as a host generalist, which may contribute to ongoing gene flow inferred in this study.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elias, N. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Responte, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A shift in the host web occupancy of dew-drop spiders associated with genetic divergence in the Southwest Pacific]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566860v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 to JN.1 under heavy immune pressure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.13.566860v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the BA.2.86 variant demonstrated significant antigenic drift and enhanced ACE2 binding affinity, its ability to evade humoral immunity was relatively moderate compared to dominant strains like EG.5 and HK.3. However, the emergence of a new subvariant, JN.1 (BA.2.86.1.1), which possesses an additional spike mutation, L455S, compared to BA.2.86, showed a markedly increased prevalence in Europe and North America, especially in France. Here, we found that L455S of JN.1 significantly enhances immune evasion capabilities at the expense of reduced ACE2 binding affinity. This mutation enables JN.1 to effectively evade Class 1 neutralizing antibodies, offsetting BA.2.86s susceptibility and thus allowing it to outcompete both its precursor BA.2.86 and the prevailing variants HV.1 (XBB.1.5+L452R+F456L) and JD.1.1 (XBB.1.5+L455F+F456L+A475V) in terms of humoral immune evasion. The rapid evolution from BA.2.86 to JN.1, similar to the earlier transition from BA.2.75 to CH.1.1, highlights the importance of closely monitoring strains with high ACE2 binding affinity and distinct antigenicity, despite their temporarily unremarkable immune evasion capabilities. Such strains could survive and transmit at low levels, since their large antigenic distance to dominant strains allow them to target distinct populations and accumulate immune-evasive mutations rapidly, often at the cost of receptor binding affinity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.13.566860</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast evolution of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 to JN.1 under heavy immune pressure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.17.567425v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted micro-fiber arrays for measuring and manipulating localized multi-scale neural dynamics over large, deep brain volumes during behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.17.567425v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural population dynamics relevant for behavior vary over multiple spatial and temporal scales across 3-dimensional volumes. Current optical approaches lack the spatial coverage and resolution necessary to measure and manipulate naturally occurring patterns of large-scale, distributed dynamics within and across deep brain regions such as the striatum. We designed a new micro-fiber array and imaging approach capable of chronically measuring and optogenetically manipulating local dynamics across over 100 targeted locations simultaneously in head-fixed and freely moving mice. We developed a semi-automated micro-CT based strategy to precisely localize positions of each optical fiber. This highly-customizable approach enables investigation of multi-scale spatial and temporal patterns of cell-type and neurotransmitter specific signals over arbitrary 3-D volumes at a spatial resolution and coverage previously inaccessible. We applied this method to resolve rapid dopamine release dynamics across the striatum volume which revealed distinct, modality specific spatiotemporal patterns in response to salient sensory stimuli extending over millimeters of tissue. Targeted optogenetics through our fiber arrays enabled flexible control of neural signaling on multiple spatial scales, better matching endogenous signaling patterns, and spatial localization of behavioral function across large circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vu, M.-A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noggle, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Monk, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouabid, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mroz, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otchy, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davison, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boas, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.17.567425</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted micro-fiber arrays for measuring and manipulating localized multi-scale neural dynamics over large, deep brain volumes during behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567849v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantitative cell morphology in C. elegans embryos reveals regulations of cell volume asymmetry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567849v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamics of cellular morphology throughout development are crucial for morphogenesis and organogenesis, yet their systematic characterization remains a significant challenge. By integrating both nuclear position and advanced cell membrane labeling, we develop a novel method that enables the segmentation of surfaces for over 95% of cells produced during Caenorhabditis elegans embryogenesis. With this method, we segment eight wild-type and four perturbed embryos. The output, including cell identity, shape, volume, surface and contact area, can be visualized using our custom software. We demonstrate that signaling interactions, such as Notch and Wnt, regulate not only the asymmetry of cell fate but also the asymmetry of cell volume in conjunction with mechanical compression. Furthermore, we find that the asymmetries of fate and volume are generally interconnected.

ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYSystematic quantification of cell morphology with resolved cell lineage and cell fate in developing C. elegans embryo uncovers multimodal regulations of cell size.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=190 SRC="FIGDIR/small/567849v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (114K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b7d0fforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@fa28b1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@185a0deorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@478a2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Potential Cover/Featured Image: Smiling "ghost" face of C. elegans embryo. Center: shown are skins (colored in red, dorsal view with anterior to the bottom) of a 400-celled C. elegans embryo. Cells not covered by the skins are colored in gray, green, blue, and transparent yellow, respectively. Internal and external circles: confocal fluorescence images (GFP for cell nucleus and mCherry for cell membrane) and reconstructed cell morphologies of the C. elegans embryo from the 2- to 550-cell stages respectively, connected with images of a C. elegans adult expressing the same markers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.20.567849</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantitative cell morphology in C. elegans embryos reveals regulations of cell volume asymmetry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CEP44 is required for maintaining centriole duplication and spindle integrity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.20.567852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In animal cells, the centrosome, consisting of two centrioles, duplicates only once per cell cycle for bipolar spindle formation. Defective centriole duplication results in abnormal spindle formation and chromosome missegregation, which is closely linked to tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms licensing only one centriole duplication cycle within a cell cycle are less well known. Here we found that CEP44 is negatively correlated with breast carcinoma. CEP44, jointly with CEP57 and CEP57L1, maintains centriole engagement in the interphase to ensure centriole duplication once per cell cycle. Depletion of CEP44 leads to centriole overduplication because of premature centriole disengagement, and multipolar spindle formation. Additionally, CEP44 is phosphorylated by Aurora A at the G2/M phase to facilitate spindle localization and maintain spindle integrity. Collectively, our results show the function of CEP44 in spindle formation by preventing centriole overduplication and maintaining spindle integrity, and CEP44 may serve as a potential marker for breast carcinoma prognosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.20.567852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CEP44 is required for maintaining centriole duplication and spindle integrity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aalbo1200: global genetic differentiation and variability of the mosquito Aedes albopictus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mosquito Aedes albopictus transmits human viruses including dengue and chikungunya and is an extremely successful invasive species expanding into new regions of the world. New tools are needed to complement existing tools to help monitor and control this species. Genomic resources are improving for this species including genome reference sequences, and whole genome sequencing data will help to catalog genetic diversity in this species and further enable genetic analysis. We collected populations of Ae. albopictus from throughout its distribution and generated whole genome sequencing data from population samples. These data will be used to address a number of basic and applied questions for this species. Here, we show genetic differentiation patterns among the tropical and temperate forms, as well as finer scale genetic clustering at the regional and population scale. These data and results will be a valuable resource for further study and tool development for this species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crawford, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beebe, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bonizzoni, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caputo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosme, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Marco, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>della Torre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Estallo, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maringer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mains, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maynard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mogi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livdahl, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, N. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scarafia, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Severson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stein, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Surendran, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wahid, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armbruster, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caccone, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aalbo1200: global genetic differentiation and variability of the mosquito Aedes albopictus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568162v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Potent Kalihinol Analogue Disrupts Apicoplast Function and Vesicular Trafficking in P. falciparum Malaria. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568162v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Here we report the discovery of MED6-189, a new analogue of the kalihinol family of isocyanoterpene (ICT) natural products. MED6-189 is effective against drug-sensitive and-resistant P. falciparum strains blocking both intraerythrocytic asexual replication and sexual differentiation. This compound was also effective against P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi. In vivo efficacy studies using a humanized mouse model of malaria confirms strong efficacy of the compound in animals with no apparent hemolytic activity or apparent toxicity. Complementary chemical biology, molecular biology, genomics and cell biological analyses revealed that MED6-189 primarily targets the parasite apicoplast and acts by inhibiting lipid biogenesis and cellular trafficking. Genetic analyses in P. falciparum revealed that a mutation in PfSec13, which encodes a component of the parasite secretory machinery, reduced susceptibility to the drug. The high potency of MED6-189 in vitro and in vivo, its broad range of efficacy, excellent therapeutic profile, and unique mode of action make it an excellent addition to the antimalarial drug pipeline.

Editors SummaryHere we report the mode of action and mechanism of resistance of a pan-antimalarial agent, MED6-189, which disrupts apicoplast function and vesicular trafficking in P. falciparum.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chahine, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, G. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daub, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renard, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vydyam, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chattopadhyay Pal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Argomaniz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>kirkwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saraf, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camino Diaz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda-Casado, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuevas-Martin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Mercado-Arnanz, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez Alvaro, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Perez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibarz-Ferrer, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viera-Morilla, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prudhomme, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joyner, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ben Mamoun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanderwal, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Roch, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568162</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Potent Kalihinol Analogue Disrupts Apicoplast Function and Vesicular Trafficking in P. falciparum Malaria.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568182v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Siderophore Piracy Promotes Dynamical Coexistence in Microbial Community 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.568182v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Niche construction drives ecological dynamics, yet the tragedy of the commons predicts that non-contributing cheaters will undermine cooperation. Here, we studied microbial iron competition by combining dynamic modeling with benefit flow graphs, demonstrating that moderate cheating is not merely tolerated but essential for diversity. In small communities, mutual exploitation forms closed loops enabling steady or dynamic coexistence. In larger communities, we uncovered a paradox: increasing cheating breadth promotes community-level extinction, yet fosters higher biodiversity in surviving communities. We resolve this paradox by mapping ecological dynamics onto the topology of the "Maximal Benefit Transfer Graph", which predicts community fate through its core structure. Broad cheating eliminates the self-loop core that drives competitive exclusion, but increases "terminator" sinks that cause collapse. However, when communities avoid these sinks, cheating aggregates the network and generates cyclic loops to enable coexistence. Thus, structured exploitation acts not as destabilizing vulnerability but as necessary architecture for biodiversity.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/568182v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (42K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@143f144org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@194c2adorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1792d4aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8c96a7_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG How does  cheating affect microbial biodiversity? By mapping the strongest benefit flows between species, we discovered a topological rule for survival. While too much cheating creates dead-ends that crash the system, moderate cheating connects species into self-sustaining loops. These "exploitation cycles" act as a scaffold, supporting high diversity and complex population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.21.568182</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Siderophore Piracy Promotes Dynamical Coexistence in Microbial Community]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell transcriptomic atlases reveal conserved and divergent features of drosophilid central brains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
To explore how brains change upon species evolution, we generated single-cell transcriptomic atlases of the central brains of three closely-related but ecologically-distinct drosophilids: the generalists Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans, and the noni fruit specialist Drosophila sechellia. The global cellular composition of these species central brains is well-conserved, but we predicted a few cell types (perineurial glia, sNPF and Dh44 peptidergic neurons) with divergent frequencies. Gene expression analysis revealed that distinct cell types within the central brain evolve at different rates and patterns; notably, glial cell types exhibit the greatest divergence between species. Compared to D. melanogaster, the cellular composition and gene expression patterns of the central brain in D. sechellia display greater deviation than those of D. simulans - despite their similar phylogenetic distance from D. melanogaster - that the distinctive ecological specialization of D. sechellia is reflected in the structure and function of its brain. Expression changes in D. sechellia encompass metabolic and ecdysone signaling genes, suggestive of adaptations to its novel ecological demands. Additional single-cell transcriptomic analysis on D. sechellia revealed genes and cell types responsive to dietary supplement with noni, pointing to glia as sites for both physiological and genetic adaptation to novel conditions. Our atlases represent the first comparative analyses of "whole" central brains, and provide a comprehensive foundation for studying the evolvability of nervous systems in a well-defined phylogenetic and ecological framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell transcriptomic atlases reveal conserved and divergent features of drosophilid central brains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568359v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Upstream open reading frames dynamically modulate CLOCK protein translation to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.22.568359v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism with translational regulation increasingly recognized as pivotal in its modulation. In this study, we found that upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are enriched in circadian rhythm genes, with particularly conserved uORFs present in core circadian clock genes. We demonstrate evidence that the uORFs of the core clock gene, Clock (Clk), rhythmically and substantially attenuate CLK protein translation in Drosophila, with pronounced suppression occurring during daylight hours. Eliminating Clk uORFs results in elevated CLK protein levels during the day and a compressed circadian cycle, along with a broad shift in clock gene expression rhythms. Interestingly, Clk uORF deletion also augments morning sleep by reducing dopaminergic activity. Beyond daily circadian adjustments, Clk uORFs play a role in modulating sleep patterns in response to the varying day lengths of different seasons, inhibiting translation in a day-length contingent manner. Furthermore, the Clk uORFs act as a master regulator to shape the rhythmic expression of a vast array of genes and influence multifaceted physiological outcomes. Collectively, our research sheds light on the intricate ways uORFs dynamically adjust downstream coding sequences to acclimate to environmental shifts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shui, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.22.568359</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Upstream open reading frames dynamically modulate CLOCK protein translation to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568392v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Millimeter-scale magnetic implants paired with a fully integrated wearable device for wireless biophysical and biochemical sensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568392v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Implantable sensors can directly interface with various organs for precise evaluation of health status. However, extracting signals from such sensors must rely on transcutaneous wires, integrated circuit chips, or cumbersome readout equipment, which increases the risks of infection, reduces the biocompatibility, or limits the portability. Here, we develop a set of millimeter-scale, chip-less and battery-less magnetic implants that can measure biophysical and biochemical signals wirelessly. In particular, the implants form two-way communications with a fully integrated wearable device, where the wearable device can induce a large-amplitude damped vibration of the magnetic implants and capture their subsequent motions in a wireless manner. Such damped vibrations reflect not only the biophysical conditions surrounding the implants movements, but also the concentration of a specific biochemical depending on the surface modification. Experiments in rat models demonstrate the capabilities in measuring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viscosity, intracranial pressure (ICP), and CSF glucose levels. This miniaturized system opens possibility for continuous, wireless monitoring of a wide range of biophysical and biochemical conditions within the living organism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.23.568392</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Millimeter-scale magnetic implants paired with a fully integrated wearable device for wireless biophysical and biochemical sensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perceptual error based on Bayesian cue combination drives implicit motor adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sensorimotor system can recalibrate itself without our conscious awareness, a type of procedural learning whose computational mechanism remains undefined. Recent findings on implicit motor adaptation, such as over-learning from small perturbations and fast saturation for increasing perturbation size, challenge existing theories based on sensory errors. We argue that perceptual error, arising from the optimal combination of movement-related cues, is the primary driver of implicit adaptation. Central to our theory is the increasing sensory uncertainty of visual cues with increasing perturbations, which was validated through perceptual psychophysics (Experiment 1). Our theory predicts the learning dynamics of implicit adaptation across a spectrum of perturbation sizes on a trial-by-trial basis (Experiment 2). It explains proprioception changes and their relation to visual perturbation (Experiment 3). By modulating visual uncertainty in perturbation, we induced unique adaptation responses in line with our model predictions (Experiment 4). Overall, our perceptual error framework outperforms existing models based on sensory errors, suggesting that perceptual error in locating ones effector, supported by Bayesian cue integration, underpins the sensorimotor systems implicit adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.23.568442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perceptual error based on Bayesian cue combination drives implicit motor adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host signature as major driver of root and rhizosphere core microbiomes that differently affect plant functional traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.23.568511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPlant can evolve with a core root microbiome that maintains essential functions for host performance. However, the relative importance of plant traits and soil factors on the structure, assembly, co-occurrence networks of the core root microbiomes and their relevance for plant characteristics remain elusive. Here, we investigated how plant species identity and soil environment affect the core bacterial communities in the bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere of four plants with a gradient of Cd/Zn accumulation capacity under controlled and field environments. We further tested on the role of the core bacterial isolates in plant growth and accumulation of metal and nutrients.

ResultsWe identified root compartment and plant species rather than environmental parameters as the primary driver of Cd-accumulator root microbiome. Stochastic processes were more important for the assembly of endosphere generalists (58.5%) than rhizosphere counterparts (45.2%), indicating that generalists were more robust to environmental changes. Increasing host selection from epiphytes to endophytes resulted in the existence of the endosphere and rhizosphere generalist core microbiota common to different plants under varying growth environments, highlighting that shared environmental and physiological features of host plants are decisive for core microbiome establishment. Further, endophytic core microbiota conferred greater biotic connectivity within networks and was more important predictors of plant metal accumulation, whereas the rhizosphere cores were more closely linked to plant biomass and nutrient status. The divergent functions of rhizosphere and endosphere core microbes on plant characteristics were also validated by inoculating the synthetic communities comprising bacterial isolates belonging to the core microbiota.

ConclusionThis study indicated the pivotal role of plant trait in the assembly of conserved and functionally important core microbiome common to different Cd-accumulators, which brings us closer to manipulating the persistent root microbial associations to accelerate the rejuvenation of metal-disturbed soils through host genetics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.23.568511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host signature as major driver of root and rhizosphere core microbiomes that differently affect plant functional traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.568540v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nitrite deteriorates bioreactor performance by reducing growth of Ca. Brocadia sapporoensis instead of inhibiting the anammox activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.24.568540v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Effects of nitrite on anammox activities have been of widespread concern. However, the molecular mechanisms of specific microorganisms in anammox systems responding to nitrite remain unexplored. This study investigated the effects of excess nitrite on core metabolism of AnAOB and symbiotic bacteria, and further elucidated the response mechanism of these effects on microbial growth and nitrogen removal performance. Specifically, nitrogen removal process in a continuous-flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation membrane bioreactor completely collapsed when the nitrite concentration reached 243 mg N/L. Integrated meta-omics analyses demonstrated that excess nitrite disrupted the energy metabolism of Ca. Brocadia sapporoensis (AMXB1), reducing the energy available for establishing tolerance. It disrupted cell replication by impairing biosynthesis process of AMXB1, especially DNA replication and the formation of vital cell structures, e.g., cell membrane and cell wall, as well as the cellular protection system, leading to the collapse of the anammox system. In addition, the cross-feeding of glycogen, lipopolysaccharide and amino acid between AMXB1 and symbiotic bacteria was hindered by excess nitrite, which also contributed to the anomalous cell proliferation and metabolism of AMXB1. These findings contribute to our understanding of the ability of anammox consortia to respond to nitrite stress and process stability in engineered ecosystems.

HighlightsO_LINO --N concentration of 243 mg N/L caused the performance collapse of a continuous-flow anammox MBR.
C_LIO_LIExcess nitrite likely disrupted the energy metabolism of AMXB1, reducing the energy availability for mitigating nitrite toxicity.
C_LIO_LIThe cross-feeding between AMXB1 and symbiotic bacteria was hindered by excess nitrite.
C_LIO_LIThe hindrance of cross-feeding was reversed as the concentration of nitrite decreased.
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=132 SRC="FIGDIR/small/568540v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (45K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6b199forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15f2a74org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dc2d8eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@132deb1_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.24.568540</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nitrite deteriorates bioreactor performance by reducing growth of Ca. Brocadia sapporoensis instead of inhibiting the anammox activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProTokens: A Machine-Learned Language for Compact and Informative Encoding of Protein 3D Structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding functions of proteins and designing proteins committed to specific functions in silico are highly valuable for science, industry and therapeutics. However, there is a long-standing divergence in how to present function-related protein structures to the machine learning models: Although the 1-dimensional (1D) representation of proteins via Anfinsens tokens (i.e., amino acids) is sufficient in principle and more machine-friendly, it is less successful in structure-oriented protein design compared to symmetry-constrained 3D representation (i.e., atom coordinates). Aiming to bridge the gap between 1D and 3D protein representations and harvest the advantages of the two, we develop probabilistic tokenization theory for metastable protein structures. We present an unsupervised learning strategy, which conjugates inverse folding with structure prediction, to encode protein structures into artificial amino-acid tokens (ProTokens) and decode them back to atom coordinates. We show that tokenizing protein structures variationally can lead to compact and informative representations. Compared to amino acids -- the Anfinsens tokens -- ProTokens are easier to detokenize and more descriptive of finer conformational ensembles. Therefore, protein structures can be efficiently compressed, stored, aligned and compared in the form of ProTokens. By unifying the discrete and continuous representations of protein structures, ProTokens also enable all-atom protein structure design via various generative models without the concern of symmetry or modality mismatch, and allows scalable foundation models to perceive, process and explore the microscopic structures of biomolecules effectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProTokens: A Machine-Learned Language for Compact and Informative Encoding of Protein 3D Structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568815v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolution-guided large language model is a predictor of virus mutation trends 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568815v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The increasing frequency of emerging viral infections necessitates a rapid human response, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of computational methods. However, existing computational approaches are limited by their input forms or incomplete functionalities, preventing a unified prediction of diverse viral variation drivers and hindering in-depth applications. To address this issue, we propose a unified evolution-driven framework for predicting virus variation drivers, named E2VD, which is guided by virus evolutionary traits priors. With evolution-inspired design, E2VD comprehensively and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods across various virus variation drivers prediction tasks. Moreover, E2VD effectively captures the fundamental patterns of virus evolution. It not only distinguishes different types of mutations but also accurately identifies rare beneficial mutations that are critical for virus to survival, while maintains generalization capabilities on different viral lineages. Importantly, with predicted biological drivers, E2VD perceives virus evolutionary trends, in which potential high-risk mutation sites are accurately recommended. Overall, E2VD represents a unified, structure-free, and interpretable approach for analyzing and predicting viral evolutionary fitness, providing an ideal alternative to costly wet-lab measurements to accelerate responses to emerging viral infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568815</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolution-guided large language model is a predictor of virus mutation trends]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568898v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of HNF4alpha-cMyc Interaction in CDE-diet Induced Liver Injury and Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.27.568898v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundHepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is a nuclear factor essential for liver function and regeneration. HNF4 negatively regulates the expression of cMyc, which plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation during liver regeneration. This study investigated the role of HNF4-cMyc interaction in regulating liver injury and regeneration using the choline-deficient and ethionine-supplemented (0.15%) (CDE) diet feeding model, which exhibits characteristics of chronic liver diseases including liver injury, inflammation, early fibrotic changes along with hepatocyte and biliary epithelial cell regeneration, and activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC).

MethodsWild-type (WT), hepatocyte-specific knockout of HNF4 (HNF4-KO), cMyc (cMyc-KO), and HNF4-cMyc double knockout (DKO) mice were fed a CDE diet for one week to induce subacute liver injury. To study regeneration and recovery, mice were fed a one-week CDE diet followed by a one-week recovery period on a normal chow diet.

ResultsWT mice showed significant liver injury and decreased HNF4 mRNA and protein expression after one week of a CDE diet. WT mice also showed an increase in markers of proliferation and HPC activation, but no major change in markers of inflammation or fibrosis.

The HNF4-KO mice exhibited baseline hepatomegaly, which significantly declined during the recovery period. HNF4 deletion resulted in significantly higher injury compared to WT mice after one week of CDE diet feeding but similar recovery. Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and HPC activation were significantly higher in HNF4-KO mice during the injury period but declined during the recovery period.

The cMyc-KO mice showed increased injury after one week of the CDE diet, but it was substantially lower than the WT and HNF4-KO mice. Deletion of cMyc resulted in a significant activation of inflammatory genes higher than in the WT and HNF4-KO mice. Whereas fibrosis and proliferation markers increased in cMyc-KO mice, they were substantially lower than in HNF4-KO mice and similar to WT mice. cMyc-KO also showed an increase in HPC markers following one week of CDE-induced injury.

Deletion of both HNF4 and cMyc in DKO mice resulted in significant liver injury comparable to the HNF4-KO mice after one week of CDE diet feeding, but led to complete recovery. Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation increased after CDE diet feeding, were higher than WT mice, and comparable to HNF4-KO mice. Interestingly, DKO mice showed a significant increase in HPC markers both following one week of CDE-induced injury and after one week of recovery.

ConclusionsThese data indicate that deletion of HNF4 increases and deletion of cMyc decreases subacute liver injury induced by a one week CDE diet feeding. Deletion of HNF4 results in increased inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and HPC activation, all of which except inflammation are reduced following cMyc deletion. Simultaneous deletion of HNF4 and cMyc results in a phenotype similar to HNF4 deletion but with higher HPC activation. Taken together, these data show that HNF4 protects against inflammatory and fibrotic change following CDE diet-induced injury, which is driven by cMyc.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paine-Cabrera, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.27.568898</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of HNF4alpha-cMyc Interaction in CDE-diet Induced Liver Injury and Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modeling the effects of Ehrlichia Chaffeensis and movement on dogs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.28.568825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick-borne infectious disease transmitted by amblyomma americanum tick. This infectious disease was discovered in the 1970s when military dogs were returning from the Vietnam war. The disease was found to be extremely severe in German Shepards, Doberman Pinschers, Belgium Malinois, and Siberian Huskies. In this study, we developed a mathematical model for dogs and ticks infected with ehrlichia chaffeensis with the aim of understanding the impact of movement on dogs as they move from one location to another. This could be a dog taken on a walk in an urban area or on a hike in the mountains. We carried out a global sensitivity analysis with and without movement between three locations using as response functions the sum of acutely and chronically infected and the sum of infected ticks in all life stages. The parameters with the most significant impact on the response functions are dogs disease progression rate, dogs chronic infection progression rate, dogs recovery rate, dogs natural death rate, acutely and chronically infected dogs disease induced death rate, dogs birth rate, eggs maturation rates, tick biting rate, dogs and ticks transmission probabilities, ticks death rate, and the location carrying capacity. Our simulation results show that infection in dogs and ticks are localized in the absence of movement and spreads between locations with highest infection in locations with the highest rate movement. Also, the effect of the control measures which reduces infection trickles to other locations (trickling effect) when control are implemented in a single location. The trickling effect is strongest when control is implemented in a location with the highest movement rate into it.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agusto, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drum, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.28.568825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modeling the effects of Ehrlichia Chaffeensis and movement on dogs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A homing rescue gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs reaches high frequency in cage populations but generates functional resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR homing gene drive is a potent technology with considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant insects. It induces a bias in the inheritance of the drive allele in progeny, rapidly spreading desired genes throughout the population. Homing drives operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair, copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome. However, resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant obstacle to the spread of the drive. To address this challenge, we created a homing drive targeting the essential but haplosufficient hairy gene. Our strategy involves spreading the drive construct through the homing process, eliminating nonfunctional resistance, which are recessive lethal, while rescuing drive-carrying individuals with a recoded version of hairy. This strategy eliminates resistance more slowly than a previous strategy targeting haplolethal genes, but it may be easier to construct in non-model organisms. Our drive inheritance rate was moderate, and multigenerational cage studies showed quick drive spread to 96-97% of the population. However, the drive failed to reach the whole population due to the formation of functional resistance alleles, despite use of four gRNAs, a strategy that previously was successful at preventing functional resistance. Sequencing showed that these alleles had a large deletion and must have utilized an alternate start codon. The resistance allele had a modest fitness advantage over the drive in a cage study, which could prevent long-term persistence of the drive, especially if cargo genes had an additional fitness cost. Thus, revised design strategies targeting more essential regions of a target gene may often be necessary to avoid such functional resistance, even when using multiplexed gRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A homing rescue gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs reaches high frequency in cage populations but generates functional resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for infiltrating host cells, rendering it a key candidate for drug development. By interacting with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike initiates the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Linoleate is known to bind the spike glycoprotein, subsequently reducing its interaction with ACE2. However, the detailed kinetics underlying the protein-ligand interaction remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the pathways of ligand dissociation and the conformational changes associated with the spike glycoprotein by using ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD). Our simulations resulted in eight complete ligand dissociation trajectories, unveiling two distinct ligand unbinding pathways. The preference between these two pathways depends on the gate distance between two -helices in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the position of the N-linked glycan at N343. Our study also highlights the essential contributions of K417, N121 glycan, and N165 glycan in ligand unbinding, which are equally crucial in enhancing spike-ACE2 binding. We suggest that the presence of the ligand influences the motions of these residues and glycans, consequently reducing accessibility for spike-ACE2 binding. These findings enhance our understanding of ligand dissociation from the spike glycoprotein and offer significant implications for drug design strategies in the battle against COVID-19.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hasse, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mantei, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shahoei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pawnikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-m. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Familiarity training enhance straightening of neural trajectory for video prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.29.569215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predictive processing in the visual system is pivotal for efficient sensory-driven behaviors. Previous research has shown that the visual system transforms sequential inputs into straighter temporal trajectories. However, the specific role of  neural straightening in predictive processing, especially in how learning reshapes this phenomenon for enhanced prediction, remains unclear. To address this, we analyzed V2 population activity in macaques during familiarity training with video stimuli. Our findings reveal that repeated exposure to the same movies significantly enhances neural straightening, indicating a critical role of learning in refining neural trajectories for prediction. In parallel, our studies with the deep predictive network model, Pred-Net, demonstrated similar enhancements in neural straightening in response to familiar movies. This underscores a strong association between neural straightening and predictive coding. Together, our results provide novel insights into the adaptive mechanisms of the visual cortex, enriching our understanding of how learning shapes neural path-ways for efficient prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukundan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.569215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Familiarity training enhance straightening of neural trajectory for video prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569352v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the Biosynthetic Potential of Microbial Genomes Using a BGC Language Processing Neural Network Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569352v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial secondary metabolites are usually synthesized by colocalized genes termed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). A large portion of BGCs remain undiscovered in microbial genomes and metagenomes, representing a pressing challenge in unlocking the full potential of natural product diversity. In this work, we propose BGC-Prophet, a language model based on the transformer encoder that captures the distant location-dependent relationships among biosynthetic genes, allows accurately and efficiently identifies known BGCs and extrapolates novel BGCs among the microbial universe. BGC-Prophet is the first ultrahigh-throughput (UHT) method that is several orders of magnitude faster than existing tools such as DeepBGC, enabling pan-phylogenetic screening and whole-metagenome screening of BGCs. By analyzing 85,203 genomes and 9,428 metagenomes, new insights have been obtained about the diversity of BGCs on genomes from the majority of bacterial and archaeal lineages. The profound enrichment of BGCs in microbes after important geological events have been revealed: Both the Great Oxidation and Cambrian Explosion events led to a surge in BGC diversity and abundance, particularly in polyketides. These findings suggest that it is a general but constantly evolving approach for microbes to produce secondary metabolites for their adaptation in the changing environment. Taken together, BGC-Prophet enables accurate and fast detection of BGCs on a large scale, holds great promise for expanding BGC knowledge, and sheds light on the evolutionary patterns of BGCs for possible applications in synthetic biology.

HighlightsO_LIBGC-Prophet shows superior performance to existing tools in terms of accuracy and speed.
C_LIO_LIBGC-Prophet is the first ultrahigh-throughput (UHT) method that enables pan-phylogenetic screening and whole-metagenome screening of BGCs.
C_LIO_LIBGC-Prophet builds the comprehensive profile of BGCs on 85,203 genomes and 9,428 metagenomes from the majority of bacterial and archaeal lineages.
C_LIO_LIBGC-Prophet reveals the profound enrichment pattern of BGCs after important geological events.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569352</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the Biosynthetic Potential of Microbial Genomes Using a BGC Language Processing Neural Network Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Somatic Mosaicism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Widespread Degeneration from Focal Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although mutations in many genes cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, most cases are sporadic (sALS and sFTD) with unclear etiology. We tested whether somatic mutations contribute to sALS and sFTD by deep targeted sequencing of 88 neurodegeneration-related genes in postmortem brain and spinal cord samples from 399 sporadic cases and 144 controls. Predicted deleterious somatic variants in ALS/FTD genes were observed in 2.1% of sporadic cases lacking deleterious germline variants. These variants occurred at very low allele fractions (typically <2%) and were often focal and enriched in disease-affected regions. Analysis of bulk RNA-seq data from an additional cohort identified deleterious somatic variants in DYNC1H1 and LMNA, genes associated with pediatric motor neuron degeneration. Targeted long-read sequencing further identified one sFTD case with de novo somatic C9orf72 repeat expansions. Together, these findings suggest that rare, focal somatic variants can contribute to sALS and sFTD and drive widespread neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nolan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhouk, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morillo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenny, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neil, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ohkubo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravits, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ansorge, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrow, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lagier-Tourenne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.11.30.569436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Somatic Mosaicism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Widespread Degeneration from Focal Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569876v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-speed Auto-Polarization Synchronization Modulation Three-dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.04.569876v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In recent years, notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Nevertheless, the advancement of 3DSIM has been impeded by challenges arising from the speed and intricacy of polarization modulation. In this study, we introduce a high-speed modulation 3DSIM system, leveraging the polarization maintaining and modulation capabilities of a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) in conjunction with an electro-optic modulator. The DMD-3DSIM system yields a 2-fold enhancement in both lateral (133 nm) and axial (300 nm) resolution compared to wide-field imaging, and can acquire a data set comprising 29 sections of 1024x1024 pixels, with 15 ms exposure time and 6.75 s per volume. The versatility of the DMD-3DSIM approach was exemplified through the imaging of various specimens, including fluorescent beads, nuclear pores, microtubules, actin filaments, and mitochondria within cells, as well as plant and animal tissues. Notably, polarized 3DSIM elucidated the orientation of actin filaments. Furthermore, the implementation of diverse deconvolution algorithms further enhances three-dimensional resolution. The DMD-based 3DSIM system presents a rapid and reliable methodology for investigating biomedical phenomena, boasting capabilities encompassing 3D superresolution, fast temporal resolution, and polarization imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhanghao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.04.569876</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-speed Auto-Polarization Synchronization Modulation Three-dimensional Structured Illumination Microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.568663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Whole-genome sequences reveal zygotic composition in chimeric twins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.03.568663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The monochorionic placenta in dizygotic twins allows in utero exchange of embryonic cells, resulting in chimerism in the twins. In practice, this chimerism is incidentally identified on mixed ABO blood types or in the presence of cells with a discordant sex chromosome. Here, we applied whole-genome sequencing to one triplet and one twin families to precisely understand their zygotic compositions, using millions of genomic variants as barcodes of zygotic origins. Peripheral blood showed asymmetrical contributions from two sister zygotes, where one of the zygotes was the major clone in both twins. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood tissues further showed differential contributions from the two sister zygotes across blood cell types. In contrast, buccal tissues were pure in genetic composition, suggesting that in utero cellular exchanges were confined to the blood tissues. Our study illustrates the cellular history of twinning during human development, which is critical for managing the health of chimeric individuals in the era of genomic medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yoon, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Won, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, O. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffith, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ju, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.03.568663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Whole-genome sequences reveal zygotic composition in chimeric twins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570109v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population suppression with dominant female-lethal alleles is boosted by homing gene drive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.05.570109v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methods to suppress pest insect populations using genetic constructs and repeated releases of male homozygotes have recently been shown to be an attractive alternative to older sterile insect technique based on radiation. Female-specific lethal alleles have substantially increased power, but still require large, sustained transgenic insect releases. Gene drive alleles bias their own inheritance to spread throughout populations, potentially allowing population suppression with a single, small-size release. However, suppression drives often suffer from efficiency issues, and the most well-studied type, homing drives, tend to spread without limit. In this study, we show that coupling female-specific lethal alleles with homing gene drive allowed substantial improvement in efficiency while still retaining the self-limiting nature (and thus confinement) of a lethal allele strategy. Using a mosquito model, we show the required releases sizes for population elimination in a variety of scenarios, including different density growth curves, with comparisons to other systems. Resistance alleles reduced the power of this method, but these could be overcome by targeting an essential gene with the drive while also providing rescue. A proof-of-principle demonstration of this system in Drosophila melanogaster was effective in both basing its inheritance and achieving high lethality among females that inherit the construct in the absence of antibiotic. Overall, our study shows that substantial improvements can be achieved in female-specific lethal systems for population suppression by combining them with a gene drive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.05.570109</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population suppression with dominant female-lethal alleles is boosted by homing gene drive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570117v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improving the suppressive power of homing gene drive by co-targeting a distant-site female fertility gene 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.07.570117v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive technology has the potential to address major biological challenges, including the management of disease vectors, invasive species, and agricultural pests. After releasing individuals carrying the gene drive in the target population, suppression gene drives are designed to spread at a rapid rate and carry a recessive fitness cost, thus bringing about a decline in population size or even complete suppression. Well-studied homing suppression drives have been shown to be highly efficient in Anopheles mosquitoes and were successful in eliminating large cage populations. However, for other organisms, including Aedes mosquitoes, homing gene drives are so far too inefficient to achieve complete population suppression, mainly due to lower rates of drive conversion, which is the rate at which wild type alleles are converted into drive alleles. Low drive conversion is also a major issue in vertebrates, as indicated by experiments in mice. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel gene drive design that has two targets: a homing site where the drive is located and drive conversion takes place (with rescue for an essential gene), and a distant site for providing the fitness cost for population suppression (preferably a female fertility gene, for which no rescue is provided). We modeled this design and found that the two-target system allows suppression to occur over a much wider range of drive conversion efficiency. Specifically, in the new design, the suppressive power depends mostly on total gRNA cutting efficiency instead of just drive conversion efficiency, which is advantageous because cut rates are often substantially higher than drive conversion rates. We constructed a proof of concept in Drosophila melanogaster and show that both components of the gene drive function successfully. However, embryo drive activity from maternally deposited Cas9 as well as fitness costs for female drive heterozygotes both remain significant challenges for two-target and standard suppression drives. Overall, our improved gene drive design eases the development of strong homing suppression gene drives for many species where drive conversion is less efficient.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faber, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pannebakker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwaan, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.07.570117</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improving the suppressive power of homing gene drive by co-targeting a distant-site female fertility gene]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Understanding Molecular Links of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Selective Interaction between Mutant APP, TP53, and MAPKs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is an understudied cerebrovascular disease. As it can result in a significant amount of functional and cognitive disabilities, it is vital to reveal proteins related to it. Our study focuses on revealing proteins related to this complex disease by deciphering the crosstalk between cardiovascular and cognitive diseases. We build protein-protein interaction networks related to cardiovascular and cognitive diseases. After merging these networks, we analyze the network to extract the hub proteins and their interactors. We found the clusters on this network and built the structural protein-protein interaction network of the most connected cluster on the network. We analyzed the interactions of this network with molecular modeling via PRISM. PRISM predicted several interactions that can be novel in the context of VCI-related interactions. Two mutant forms of APP (V715M and L723P), previously not connected to VCI, were discovered to interact with other proteins. Our findings demonstrate that two mutant forms of APP interact differently with TP53 and MAPKs. Furthermore, TP53, AKT1, PARP1, and FGFR1 interact with MAPKs through their mutant conformations. We hypothesize that these interactions might be crucial for VCI. We suggest that these interactions and proteins can act as early VCI markers or as possible therapeutic targets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeylan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyuz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.08.570506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Understanding Molecular Links of Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Selective Interaction between Mutant APP, TP53, and MAPKs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Depletion of tropomyosin 1.6 promotes matrix-degrading phenotype in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.08.570775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fibroblasts can be transformed into myofibroblasts under pro-fibrotic conditions, which is characterized by increased contractility and reduced matrix degradation. The relationship between contractile activity and matrix degradation is not fully understood. We found that TGF-{beta}1-induced myofibroblast activation occurs on a culture dish, favoring stress fiber formation and inhibiting podosome structures due to high matrix stiffness. To mimic physiological conditions, we cultured fibroblasts on collagen gel. Blocking actomyosin signaling significantly reduced TGF-{beta}1-induced myofibroblast activation. Tpm1.6, an actomyosin-associated contractile unit, was specifically upregulated by TGF-{beta}1 on soft collagen substrates. Depletion of Tpm1.6 attenuated TGF-{beta}1-induced increase of -SMA, N-cadherin, and {beta}1-integrin, indicating its crucial role in early myofibroblast activation during fibrosis progression. Tpm1.6 depletion reduced TGF-{beta}1-induced cell contractility and enhanced collagen degradation. Notably, in Tpm1.6-depleted fibroblasts, TGF-{beta}1 triggered formation of distinct -SMA dot structures enriched with MMP9, promoting collagen degradation. Our study highlights the pivotal role of Tpm1.6 in TGF-{beta}1-induced myofibroblast activation and collagen degradation. Depletion of Tpm1.6 triggers robust collagen degradation through distinct -SMA dots, presenting a potential therapeutic approach for chronic kidney disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, T. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.08.570775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Depletion of tropomyosin 1.6 promotes matrix-degrading phenotype in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.14.571779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effective seed sterilization methods require optimization across maize genotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.14.571779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Studies of plant-microbe interactions using synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) often require the removal of seed-associated microbes by seed sterilization prior to inoculation to provide gnotobiotic growth conditions. A diversity of seed sterilization protocols have been developed in the past and have been used on different plant species with various amounts of validation. From these studies it has become clear that each plant species requires its own optimized sterilization protocol. It has, however, so far not been tested if the same protocol works equally well for different varieties and seed sources of one plant species. We evaluated six seed sterilization protocols on two different varieties (Sugar Bun & B73) of maize. All unsterilized maize seeds showed fungal growth upon germination on filter paper, highlighting the need for a sterilization protocol. A short sterilization protocol with hypochlorite and ethanol was sufficient to prevent fungal growth on Sugar Bun germinants, however a longer protocol with heat treatment and germination in fungicide was needed to obtain clean B73 germinants. This difference may have arisen from the effect of either genotype or seed source. We then tested the protocol that performed best for B73 on three additional maize genotypes from four sources. Seed germination rates and fungal contamination levels varied widely by genotype and geographic source of seeds. Our study shows that consideration of both variety and seed source is important when optimizing sterilization protocols and highlights the importance of including seed source information in plant-microbe interaction studies that use sterilized seeds.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parnell, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vintila, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Houdinet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkes, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.14.571779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effective seed sterilization methods require optimization across maize genotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571646v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Parallel Molecular Data Storage by Printing Epigenetic Bits on DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571646v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA storage has shown potential to transcend current silicon-based data storage technologies in storage density, lifetime and energy consumption. However, writing large-scale data directly into DNA sequences by de novo synthesis remains uneconomical in time and cost. Inspired by the natural genomic modifications, in this work, we report an alternative, parallel strategy that enables the writing of arbitrary data on DNA using premade nucleic acids. With epigenetic modifications as information bits, our system employed DNA self-assembly guided enzymatic methylation to perform movable-type printing on universal DNA templates. By programming with a finite set of 700 DNA movable types and 5 templates, we achieved the synthesis-free writing of [~]270000 bits on an automated platform with 350 bits written per reaction. The data encoded in complex epigenetic patterns were retrieved high-throughput by nanopore sequencing, and algorithms were developed to finely resolve 240 modification patterns per sequencing reaction. Our framework presents a new modality of DNA-based data storage that is parallel, programmable, stable and scalable. Such a modality opens up avenues towards practical data storage and dual-mode data functions in biomolecular systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.15.571646</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Parallel Molecular Data Storage by Printing Epigenetic Bits on DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571893v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selected humanization of yeast U1 snRNP leads to global suppression of pre-mRNA splicing and mitochondrial dysfunction in the budding yeast 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.571893v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recognition of 5 splice site (5 ss) is one of the earliest steps of pre-mRNA splicing. To better understand the mechanism and regulation of 5 ss recognition, we selectively humanized components of the yeast U1 snRNP to reveal the function of these components in 5 ss recognition and splicing. We targeted U1C and Luc7, two proteins that interact with and stabilize the yeast U1 (yU1) snRNA and the 5 ss RNA duplex. We replaced the Zinc-Finger (ZnF) domain of yU1C with its human counterpart, which resulted in cold-sensitive growth phenotype and moderate splicing defects. Next, we added an auxin-inducible degron to yLuc7 protein and found that Luc7-depleted yU1 snRNP resulted in the concomitant loss of PRP40 and Snu71 (two other essential yeast U1 snRNP proteins), and further biochemical analyses suggest a model of how these three proteins interact with each other in the U1 snRNP. The loss of these proteins resulted in a significant growth retardation accompanied by a global suppression of pre-mRNA splicing. The splicing suppression led to mitochondrial dysfunction as revealed by a release of Fe2+ into the growth medium and an induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Together, these observations indicate that the human U1C ZnF can substitute that of yeast, Luc7 is essential for the incorporation of the Luc7-Prp40-Snu71 trimer into yeast U1 snRNP, and splicing plays a major role in the regulation of mitochondria function in yeast.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chalivendra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giovinazzo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rossi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saviola, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Welty, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaeth, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hansen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taliaferro, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.15.571893</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selected humanization of yeast U1 snRNP leads to global suppression of pre-mRNA splicing and mitochondrial dysfunction in the budding yeast]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.567696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of mechanical stretching stimulation on maturation of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.15.567696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the realm of regenerative medicine, despite the various techniques available for inducing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into cardiomyocytes, there remains a need to enhance the efficiency of this induction process. This study aimed to improve the differentiation efficiency of iPS-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) by incorporating mechanical stretching. Human iPS cells were co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stretch chamber, where mechanical stretching stimulation was applied during the induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation. The maturation of iPS-CMs was assessed using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, and contractility comparisons. Results indicated significantly elevated gene expression levels of cardiomyocyte markers (cTnT) and the mesodermal marker (Nkx2.5) in the stretch group compared to the control group. Fluorescent immunocytochemical staining revealed the presence of cardiac marker proteins (cTnT and HCN4) in both groups, with higher protein expression in the stretch group. Additionally, sarcomere length in the stretch group was notably larger than in the control group. A significant increase in the contractility of iPS-CMs was observed in the stretch group. These findings demonstrate that mechanical stretching stimulation enhances the maturity and differentiation efficiency of iPS-CMs co-cultured with fibroblasts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuda, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takahashi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kamioka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naruse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.15.567696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of mechanical stretching stimulation on maturation of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.26.573376v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers Regulatory Modules Programming Embryo Development from Embryonic Morphogenesis to Post-Germination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.26.573376v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We profiled the soybean seed embryo transcriptome across embryonic development to post-germinative development to understand gene activities and regulatory networks promoting these processes. Transcriptomic landscapes feature highly prevalent transcripts which are categorized into early and late groups with major functions of reserve accumulation and energy generation, respectively, and both functions are dominant during late reserve accumulation as the transitioning stage. During the mid-reserve accumulation, regulatory events simultaneously dominate at the transcriptional and chromatin levels, followed by the emergence of distinct mRNA populations during late reserve accumulation throughout germination. We identified diverse functions conducted by sequentially activated genes across developmental stages. Gene coexpression network analysis reveals modules associated with developmental stages, some of which are enriched in genes with functions involved in specific developmental processes. We identified an early-desiccation-associated gene module, containing most transcription factors responsive to abiotic stress, within which one transcription factor is functionally validated to demonstrate increased drought tolerance in Arabidopsis overexpression lines. Finally, we found that a subset of genes is under purifying selection, surpasses the number of their Arabidopsis germination-specific homologs and most are active before germination from embryonic morphogenesis through dormancy, suggesting a potential role in governing physical dormancy in soybean compared to physiological dormancy in Arabidopsis. Our data represent a step toward identifying genes and regulatory networks in the soybean genome facilitating developmental programs across transition phases to bridge embryonic and germinative development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhan, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.26.573376</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal Transcriptome Analysis Uncovers Regulatory Modules Programming Embryo Development from Embryonic Morphogenesis to Post-Germination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProInterVal: Validation of Protein-Protein Interfaces through Learned Interface Representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.27.573460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins are vital components of the biological world, serving a multitude of functions. They interact with other molecules through their interfaces and participate in crucial cellular processes. Disruptions to these interactions can have negative effects on the organism, highlighting the importance of studying protein-protein interfaces for developing targeted therapies for diseases. Therefore, the development of a reliable method for investigating protein-protein interactions is of paramount importance. In this research, we present an approach for validating protein-protein interfaces using learned interface representations. The approach involves using a graph-based contrastive autoencoder architecture and a transformer to learn representations of proteinprotein interaction interfaces from unlabeled data, then validating them through learned representations with a graph neural network. Our method achieves an accuracy of 0.91 for the test set, outperforming existing GNN-based methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a benchmark dataset and show that it provides a promising solution for validating protein-protein interfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ovek, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2023-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2023.12.27.573460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProInterVal: Validation of Protein-Protein Interfaces through Learned Interface Representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2023-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.05.574421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Supervised Contrastive Framework for Learning Disentangled Representations of Cell Perturbation Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.05.574421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR technology, combined with single-cell RNA-Seq, has opened the way to large scale pooled perturbation screens, allowing more systematic interrogations of gene functions in cells at scale. However, such Perturb-seq data poses many analysis challenges, due to its high-dimensionality, high level of technical noise, and variable Cas9 efficiency. The single-cell nature of the data also poses its own challenges, as we observe the heterogeneity of phenotypes in the unperturbed cells, along with the effect of the perturbations. All in all, these characteristics make it difficult to discern subtler effects. Existing tools, like mixscape and ContrastiveVI, provide partial solutions, but may oversimplify biological dynamics, or have low power to characterize perturbations with a smaller effect size. Here, we address these limitations by introducing the Supervised Contrastive Variational Autoencoder (SC-VAE). SC-VAE integrates guide RNA identity with gene expression data, ensuring a more discriminative analysis, and adopts the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion as a way to achieve disentangled representations, separating the heterogeneity in the control population from the effect of the perturbations. Evaluation on large-scale data sets highlights SC-VAEs superior sensitivity in identifying perturbation effects compared to ContrastiveVI, scVI and PCA. The perturbation embeddings better reflect known protein complexes (evaluated on CORUM), while its classifier offers promise in identifying assignment errors and cells escaping the perturbation phenotype. SC-VAE is readily applicable across diverse perturbation data sets.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutter, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kudo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Regev, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.05.574421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Supervised Contrastive Framework for Learning Disentangled Representations of Cell Perturbation Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all other hexapods 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insects represent the most diverse animal group, yet previous phylogenetic analyses based on the morphological and molecular data have failed to agree on the evolutionary relationships of early insects and their six-legged relatives (together constituting the clade Hexapoda). In particular, the phylogenetic positions of the three early-diverging hexapod groups, the coneheads (Protura), springtails (Collembola), and two-pronged bristletails (Diplura), have been debated for over a century, with alternative topologies implying drastically different scenarios of the evolution of the insect body plan and hexapod terrestrialisation. We addressed this issue by sampling of all hexapod orders, and experimented with a broad range of across-site compositional heterogeneous models designed to tackle ancient divergences. Our analyses support Protura as the earliest-diverging hexapod lineage (Protura-sister) and Collembola as a sister group to the Diplura, a clade we refer to as  Antennomusculata characterised by the shared possession of internal muscles in the antennal flagellum. The universally recognized  Ellipura hypothesis is recovered under the site-homogenous LG model. Our cross-validation analysis shows that the CAT-GTR model that recovers Protura-sister fits significantly better than homogenous model. Furthermore, as a very unusual group, Protura as the first diverging lineage of hexapods is also supported by other lines of evidence, such as mitogenomics, comparative embryology, and sperm morphology. The backbone phylogeny of hexapods recovered in this study will facilitate the exploration of the underpinnings of hexapod terrestrialisation and mega-diversity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tihelka, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engel, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.08.574592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new story of four Hexapoda classes: Protura as the sister to all other hexapods]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monitoring transcription of miR-15a and miR-124 in mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue origin differentiated into pancreatic beta-cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.18.576237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MicroRNAs are small noncoding pieces of nucleic acid with the potential to control mRNA translation. These sequences participate in the regulation of cell dynamic growth and differentiation. In this study, the expression of miR-15a and miR-124 was monitored in adipose-derived tissue stem cells committed to pancreatic {beta} cells in vitro over 28 days. In the current experiment, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were incubated in an induction medium to accelerate differentiation toward endocrine pancreatic lineage for 28 days with a three-stage protocol. To confirm the efficient trans-differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic {beta} cells, we performed a Dithizone staining, a zinc chelating agent, and pancreas-specific hormones (insulin and C peptide) examination via electrochemiluminescence. Real-time PCR analysis was done to assess the expression of miR-15a and miR-124. Dithizone staining confirmed a successful orientation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into pancreatic {beta} cells indicating with red to strong brown appearance compared to negative control stem cells, indicating insulin positivity in differentiating cells. These effects were prominent by time and reached maximum level at day 28. Concurrently, the expression of both miR-15a and miR-124 was induced and reached a peak expression level at the end stage of the experiment compared to the stem cells (p<0.05).

ConclusionThe dynamic of distinct miRNAs, in particular, miR-15a and miR-124 was induced during pancreatic {beta} cells derivation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajabi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.18.576237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monitoring transcription of miR-15a and miR-124 in mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue origin differentiated into pancreatic beta-cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.576681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multifaceted Roles of Histone Lysine Lactylation in Meiotic Gene Dynamics and Recombination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.25.576681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Male germ cells, which are responsible for producing millions of genetically diverse sperm through meiosis in the testis, rely on lactate as their central energy metabolite. Recent study has revealed that lactate induces epigenetic modification in cells through histone lactylation, a post-translational modification involving the addition of lactyl groups to lysine residues on histones. Here we report dynamic histone lactylation at histone H4-lysine 5 (K5), -K8, and -K12 during meiosis prophase I in mouse spermatogenesis. By profiling genome-wide occupancy of histone H4-K8 lactylation (H4K8la), which peaks at zygotene, our data show that H4K8la mark is observed at the promoters of genes exhibiting active expression with Gene Ontology (GO) functions enriched for meiosis. Notably, our data also demonstrate that H4K8la is closely associated with recombination hotspots, where machinery involved in the processing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), such as SPO11, DMC1, RAD51, and RPA2, is engaged. In addition, H4K8la was also detected at the meiosis-specific cohesion sites (marked by RAD21L and REC8) flanking the recombination hotspots. Collectively, our findings suggest that histone lactylation serves as a novel mechanism through which lactate regulates germ cell meiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.01.25.576681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multifaceted Roles of Histone Lysine Lactylation in Meiotic Gene Dynamics and Recombination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.13.579995v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Matrix-rigidity cooperates with biochemical cues in M2 macrophage activation through increased nuclear deformation and chromatin accessibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.13.579995v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages encounter a myriad of biochemical and mechanical stimuli across various tissues and pathological contexts. Notably, matrix rigidity has emerged as a pivotal regulator of macrophage activation through mechanotransduction. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the interplay between mechanical and biochemical cues within the nuclear milieu remain elusive. Here we elucidate how the increased matrix rigidity drives macrophages to amplify alternatively-activated (M2 phenotype) signalings cooperatively with biochemical cues (e.g., IL4/13) through altered nuclear mechanics. Notably, we found that reconstructed podosome-like F-actins and contractility induced nucleus deformation, opening nuclear pores, which facilitates nuclear translocation of the key transcription factor STAT6. Furthermore, the altered nuclear mechanics increased chromatin accessibility induced by H3K9 methylation, particularly of M2-associated gene promoters. These cooperative events of the mechano-chemical signaling at the cytoskeletal-to-nuclear domains facilitated M2 transcriptional activation and cellular functions. We further evidenced the rigidity-primed M2 macrophages were immunosuppressive and accumulated in stiffened tumor tissues. This study proposes a mechanism by which matrix mechanics crosstalks with biochemical signals to potentiate macrophage activation through nuclear mechanosensing and chromatin modifications, offering insights into macrophage mechanobiology and its therapeutic modulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shin, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayarkhangai, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsogtbaataar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuxuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hyun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.13.579995</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Matrix-rigidity cooperates with biochemical cues in M2 macrophage activation through increased nuclear deformation and chromatin accessibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thymidine Phosphorylase Mediates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Enhanced Thrombosis in K18-hACE2TG Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.23.581661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is associated with arterial and venous thrombosis, thereby increasing mortality. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP), a viral envelope structural protein, is implicated in COVID-19-associated thrombosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), a newly identified prothrombotic protein, is upregulated in the plasma, platelets, and lungs of patients with COVID-19 but its role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis is not defined. In this study, we found that wild-type SARS-CoV-2 SP significantly promoted arterial thrombosis in K18-hACE2TG mice. SP-accelerated thrombosis was attenuated by inhibition or genetic ablation of TYMP. SP increased the expression of TYMP, resulting in the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line. A siRNA-mediated knockdown of TYMP inhibited SP-enhanced activation of STAT3. Platelets derived from SP-treated K18-hACE2TG mice also showed increased STAT3 activation, which was reduced by TYMP deficiency. Activated STAT3 is known to potentiate glycoprotein VI signaling in platelets. While SP did not influence ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation, it significantly shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and this change was reversed by TYMP knockout. Additionally, platelet factor 4 (PF4) interacts with SP, which also complexes with TYMP. TYMP enhanced the formation of the SP/PF4 complex, which may potentially augment the prothrombotic and procoagulant effects of PF4. We conclude that SP upregulates TYMP expression, and TYMP inhibition or knockout mitigates SP-enhanced thrombosis. These findings indicate that inhibition of TYMP may be a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19-associated thrombosis.

Key PointsO_LISARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thymidine phosphorylase, and platelet factor 4 form a complex that may promote clot formation.
C_LIO_LIInhibiting thymidine phosphorylase attenuates SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-enhanced thrombosis, platelet activation, and coagulation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roytenberg, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHart, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.23.581661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thymidine Phosphorylase Mediates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Enhanced Thrombosis in K18-hACE2TG Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.27.582442v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-nucleus Multiomic Analyses Identifies Gene Regulatory Dynamics of Phenotypic Modulation in Human Aneurysmal Aortic Root 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.27.582442v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aortic root aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition that may lead to aortic rupture and is often associated with genetic syndromes, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS). Although studies with MFS animal models have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of aortic root aneurysms, our understanding of the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape in human aortic root tissue remains incomplete. This knowledge gap has impeded the development of effective targeted therapies. Here, this study performs the first integrative analysis of single-nucleus multiomic (gene expression and chromatin accessibility) and spatial transcriptomic sequencing data of human aortic root tissue under healthy and MFS conditions. Cell-type-specific transcriptomic and cis-regulatory profiles in the human aortic root are identified. Regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the cardinal cell type, are delineated. Moreover, candidate key regulators driving the phenotypic modulation of VSMC, such as FOXN3, TEAD1, BACH2, and BACH1, are identified. In vitro experiments demonstrate that FOXN3 functions as a novel key regulator for maintaining the contractile phenotype of human aortic VSMCs through targeting ACTA2. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation in the aneurysmal aortic root of humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.02.27.582442</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-nucleus Multiomic Analyses Identifies Gene Regulatory Dynamics of Phenotypic Modulation in Human Aneurysmal Aortic Root]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feature-independent Encoding of Visual Salience inthe Mouse Superior Colliculus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Detecting conspicuous stimuli in a visual scene is crucial for animal survival, yet it remains debated how the brain encodes visual saliency. Here we investigate how visual saliency is represented in the superficial superior colliculus (sSC) of awake mice using two-photon calcium imaging. We report on a preference-independent saliency map in the sSC. Specifically, salient stimuli evoke stronger responses in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons compared to uniform stimuli, with similar encoding patterns observed in both neuron types. The largest response occurs when a salient stimulus is positioned at the receptive field center, with contextual effects extending [~]40{degrees} away from the center. The response amplitude correlates well with the saliency strength of stimuli and is not influenced by the orientation or motion direction preferences of neurons. However, saliency encoding does depend on specific visual features. Furthermore, neurons involved in saliency encoding exhibit weak orientation or direction selectivity, suggesting a complementary relationship between the saliency map and the feature map.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feature-independent Encoding of Visual Salience inthe Mouse Superior Colliculus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583390v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DR5 disulfide bonding as a sensor and effector of protein folding stress 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.04.583390v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
New agents are needed that selectively kill cancer cells without harming normal tissues. The TRAIL ligand and its receptors, DR5 and DR4, exhibit cancer-selective toxicity, but TRAIL analogs or agonistic antibodies targeting these receptors have not received FDA approval for cancer therapy. Small molecules for activating DR5 or DR4 independently of protein ligands may bypass some of the pharmacological limitations of these protein drugs. Previously described Disulfide bond Disrupting Agents (DDAs) activate DR5 by altering its disulfide bonding through inhibition of the Protein Disulfide Isomerases (PDIs) ERp44, AGR2, and PDIA1. Work presented here extends these findings by showing that disruption of single DR5 disulfide bonds causes high-level DR5 expression, disulfide-mediated clustering, and activation of Caspase 8-Caspase 3 mediated pro-apoptotic signaling. Recognition of the extracellular domain of DR5 by various antibodies is strongly influenced by the pattern of DR5 disulfide bonding, which has important implications for the use of agonistic DR5 antibodies for cancer therapy. Disulfide-defective DR5 mutants do not activate the ER stress response or stimulate autophagy, indicating that these DDA-mediated responses are separable from DR5 activation and pro-apoptotic signaling. Importantly, other ER stressors, including Thapsigargin and Tunicamycin also alter DR5 disulfide bonding in various cancer cell lines and in some instances, DR5 mis-disulfide bonding is potentiated by overriding the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) with inhibitors of the PERK kinase or the ISR inhibitor ISRIB. These observations indicate that the pattern of DR5 disulfide bonding functions as a sensor of ER stress and serves as an effector of proteotoxic stress by driving extrinsic apoptosis independently of extracellular ligands.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Law, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulloo, Z. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggleston, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takacs, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexandrow, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forsyth, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanumuri, S. R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guryanova, O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrison, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tirosh, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellano, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Law, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.04.583390</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DR5 disulfide bonding as a sensor and effector of protein folding stress]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583553v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct regions within SAP25 recruit O-linked glycosylation, DNA demethylation, and ubiquitin ligase and hydrolase activities to the Sin3/HDAC complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.05.583553v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic control of gene expression is crucial for maintaining gene regulation. Sin3 is an evolutionarily conserved repressor protein complex mainly associated with histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. A large number of proteins are part of Sin3/HDAC complexes, and the function of most of these members remains poorly understood. SAP25, a previously identified Sin3A associated protein of 25 kDa, has been proposed to participate in regulating gene expression programs involved in the immune response but the exact mechanism of this regulation is unclear. SAP25 is not expressed in HEK293 cells, which hence serve as a natural knockout system to decipher the molecular functions uniquely carried out by this Sin3/HDAC subunit. Using molecular, proteomic, protein engineering, and interaction network approaches, we show that SAP25 interacts with distinct enzymatic and regulatory protein complexes in addition to Sin3/HDAC. While the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the TET1 /TET2/TET3 methylcytosine dioxygenases have been previously linked to Sin3/HDAC, in HEK293 cells, these interactions were only observed in the affinity purification in which an exogenously expressed SAP25 was the bait. Additional proteins uniquely recovered from the Halo-SAP25 pull-downs included the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex SKP1/FBXO3/CUL1 and the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 11 (USP11), which have not been previously associated with Sin3/HDAC. Finally, we use mutational analysis to demonstrate that distinct regions of SAP25 participate in its interaction with USP11, OGT/TETs, and SCF(FBXO3).) These results suggest that SAP25 may function as an adaptor protein to coordinate the assembly of different enzymatic complexes to control Sin3/HDAC-mediated gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Goswami, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bengs, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.05.583553</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct regions within SAP25 recruit O-linked glycosylation, DNA demethylation, and ubiquitin ligase and hydrolase activities to the Sin3/HDAC complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.581108v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DeepPrep: An accelerated, scalable, and robust pipeline for neuroimaging preprocessing empowered by deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.581108v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuroimaging has entered the era of big data. However, the advancement of preprocessing pipelines falls behind the rapid expansion of data volume, causing significant computational challenges. Here, we present DeepPrep, a pipeline empowered by deep learning and workflow manager. Evaluated on over 55,000 scans, DeepPrep demonstrates a 11-fold acceleration, exceptional scalability, and robustness compared to the current state-of-the-art pipeline, providing a promising solution to meet the scalability requirements of neuroimaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satterthwaite, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.581108</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DeepPrep: An accelerated, scalable, and robust pipeline for neuroimaging preprocessing empowered by deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deletion of RFX6, a Diabetes-Associated Gene, Impairs iPSC-Derived Islet Organoid Development and Survival, With No Impact on the Generation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ Progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RFX6 is essential for pancreatic development and insulin secretion, while its role in diabetes pathogenesis is unclear. Here, RFX6 expression was detected in PDX1+ cells in the hESC-derived posterior foregut (PF). However, in the pancreatic progenitors (PPs), RFX6 did not co-localize with PDX1 and NKX6.1, but instead with NEUROG3, NKX2.2, and islet hormones in the endocrine progenitor (EPs) and islets. Single-cell analysis revealed high RFX6 expression in endocrine clusters across various hESC-derived pancreatic differentiation stages. Upon differentiating iPSCs lacking RFX6 into pancreatic islets, a significant decrease in PDX1 expression at the PF stage was observed, although it did not affect PPs co-expressing PDX1 and NKX6.1. RNA sequencing showed the downregulation of essential genes involved in pancreatic endocrine differentiation, insulin secretion, and ion transport due to RFX6 deficiency. Furthermore, RFX6 deficiency resulted in the formation of smaller islet organoids due to increased cellular apoptosis, linked to reduced Catalase (CAT) expression, implying a protective role for RFX6. Overexpression of RFX6 reversed defective phenotypes in PPs and EPs. These findings suggest that pancreatic hypoplasia and reduced islet cell formation associated with RFX6 mutations are not due to alterations in PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs but instead result from cellular apoptosis and downregulation of pancreatic endocrine genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Aldous, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayed, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Memon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelalim, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.583663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deletion of RFX6, a Diabetes-Associated Gene, Impairs iPSC-Derived Islet Organoid Development and Survival, With No Impact on the Generation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ Progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Buzz-world: Global patterns and drivers of buzzing bees and poricidal plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Foraging behavior frequently plays a major role in driving the geographic distribution of animals. Buzzing to extract protein-rich pollen from flowers is a key foraging behavior used by bee species across at least 83 genera (these genera comprise [~]58% of all bee species). Although buzzing is widely recognized to affect the ecology and evolution of bees and flowering plants (e.g., buzz-pollinated flowers), global patterns and drivers of buzzing bee biogeography remain unexplored. Here, we investigate the global species distribution patterns within each bee family and how patterns and drivers differ with respect to buzzing bee species. We found that both distributional patterns and drivers of richness typically differed for buzzing species compared to hotspots for all bee species and when grouped by family. A major predictor of the distribution, but not species richness overall for buzzing members of four of the five major bee families included in analyses (Andrenidae, Halictidae, Colletidae and to a lesser extent, Apidae) was the richness of poricidal flowering plant species, which depend on buzzing bees for pollination. As poricidal plant richness was highest in areas with low wind and high aridity, we discuss how global hotspots of buzzing bee biodiversity are likely driven by both biogeographic factors and plant host availability. Whilst we explored global patterns with State-level data, higher resolution work is needed to explore local level drivers of patterns, but from a global perspective, buzz-pollinated plants clearly play a greater role in the ecology and evolution of buzzing bees than previously predicted.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Russell, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchmann, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ascher, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kriebel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolles, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orr, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.583730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Buzz-world: Global patterns and drivers of buzzing bees and poricidal plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583763v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High Frequency Terahertz Stimulation Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the Pyramidal Neuron Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583763v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system and is characterized by abnormal hypersensitivity to stimuli and nociceptive responses to non-noxious stimuli, affecting approximately 7-10% of the general population. However, current first-line drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioids have limitations, including dose-limiting side effects, dependence, and tolerability issues. Therefore, developing new interventions for the management of NP is urgent. In this study, we discovered that the high-frequency terahertz stimulation (HFTS) at approximate 36 THz effectively alleviates NP symptoms in mice with spared nerve injury. Computational simulation suggests that the frequency resonates with the carbonyl group in the filter region of Kv1.2 channels, facilitating the translocation of potassium ions. In vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that HFTS reduces the excitability of pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex through enhancing the voltage-gated K+ and also the leak K+ conductance. This research presents a novel optical intervention strategy with terahertz waves for the treatment of NP and holds promising application in other nervous system diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.583763</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High Frequency Terahertz Stimulation Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the Pyramidal Neuron Activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inference of Transcriptional Regulation From STARR-seq Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.06.583826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
One of the primary regulatory processes in cells is transcription, during which RNA polymerase II (Pol-II) transcribes DNA into RNA. The binding of Pol-II to its site is regulated through interactions with transcription factors (TFs) that bind to DNA at enhancer cis-regulatory elements. Measuring the enhancer activity of large libraries of distinct DNA sequences is now possible using Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs), and computational methods have been developed to identify the dominant statistical patterns of TF binding within these large datasets. Such methods are global in their approach and may overlook important regulatory sites which function only within the local context. Here we introduce a method for inferring functional regulatory sites (their number, location and width) within an enhancer sequence based on measurements of its transcriptional activity from an MPRA method such as STARR-seq. The model is based on a mean-field thermodynamic description of Pol-II binding that includes interactions with bound TFs. Our method applied to simulated STARR-seq data for a variety of enhancer architectures shows how data quality impacts the inference and also how it can find local regulatory sites that may be missed in a global approach. We also apply the method to recently measured STARR-seq data on androgen receptor (AR) bound sequences, a TF that plays an important role in the regulation of prostate cancer. The method identifies key regulatory sites within these sequences which are found to overlap with binding sites of known co-regulators of AR.

1 Author SummaryWe present an inference method for identifying regulatory sites within a putative DNA enhancer sequence, given only the measured transcriptional output of a set of overlapping sequences using an assay like STARR-seq. It is based on a mean-field thermodynamic model that calculates the binding probability of Pol-II to its promoter and includes interactions with sites in the DNA sequence of interest. By maximizing the likelihood of the data given the model, we can infer the number of regulatory sites, their locations, and their widths. Since it is a local model, it can in principle find regulatory sites that are important within a local context that may get missed in a global fit. We test our method on simulated data of simple enhancer architectures and show that it is able to find only the functional sites. We also apply our method to experimental STARR-seq data from 36 androgen receptor bound DNA sequences from a prostate cancer cell line. The inferred regulatory sites overlap known important regulatory motifs and their ChIP-seq data in these regions. Our method shows potential at identifying locally important functional regulatory sites within an enhancer given only its measured transcriptional output.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Safaeesirat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taeb, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morova, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Emberly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.06.583826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inference of Transcriptional Regulation From STARR-seq Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583823v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigenicity assessment of SARS-CoV-2 saltation variant BA.2.87.1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583823v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 saltation variant, BA.2.87.1, which features 65 spike mutations relative to BA.2, has attracted worldwide attention. In this study, we elucidate the antigenic characteristics and immune evasion capability of BA.2.87.1. Our findings reveal that BA.2.87.1 is more susceptible to XBB-induced humoral immunity compared to JN.1. Notably, BA.2.87.1 lacks critical escaping mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) thus allowing various classes of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that were escaped by XBB or BA.2.86 subvariants to neutralize BA.2.87.1, although the deletions in the N-terminal domain (NTD), specifically 15-23del and 136-146del, compensate for the resistance to humoral immunity. Interestingly, several neutralizing antibody drugs have been found to restore their efficacy against BA.2.87.1, including SA58, REGN-10933 and COV2-2196. Hence, our results suggest that BA.2.87.1 may not become widespread until it acquires multiple RBD mutations to achieve sufficient immune evasion comparable to that of JN.1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.07.583823</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigenicity assessment of SARS-CoV-2 saltation variant BA.2.87.1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583865v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The heritability and structural correlates of brain entropy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.07.583865v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Brain entropy (BEN) quantifies the temporal complexity of spontaneous neural activity, which has been increasingly recognized as providing important insights into cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. However, its heritability and structural underpinnings are not well understood. Here, we utilize sample entropy to calculate BEN in healthy young adults using resting-state fMRI from the Human Connectome Project. We show that BEN is significantly heritable in broad brain regions. Heritability estimates exhibit regional variability, with lower heritability in the limbic and subcortical networks than in other networks. We further relate BEN to structural features including surface area (SA), cortical myelination (CM), cortical thickness (CT), and subcortical volumes (SV). We find that BEN is negatively correlated with SA in most cortical regions, but is positively correlated with CM in the prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal lobe, precuneus, lateral parietal cortex, and cingulate cortex. Only a few cortical regions show significant correlations between BEN and CT. By decomposing correlations into genetic and environmental components, we observe that most of BEN-SA correlations are associated with shared genetic and environmental effects. BEN-CM correlations are mainly attributed to shared environmental effects. BEN-CT correlations are partly related to shared environmental effects. We find no significant associations between BEN and SV. Collectively, our work establishes the genetic basis and structural correlates of resting-state fMRI-based BEN, supporting its potential application as an endophenotype for psychiatric disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.07.583865</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The heritability and structural correlates of brain entropy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.583332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Highly Dynamic and Sensitive NEMOer Calcium Indicators for Imaging ER Calcium Signals in Excitable Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.583332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) sits at the heart of the calcium (Ca2+) signaling machinery, yet current genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) lack the ability to detect elementary Ca2+ release events from ER/SR, particularly in muscle cells. Here we report a set of organellar GECIs, termed NEMOer, to efficiently capture ER Ca2+ dynamics with increased sensitivity and responsiveness. Compared to G-CEPIA1er, NEMOer indicators exhibit dynamic ranges that are an order of magnitude larger, which enables up to 5-fold more sensitive detection of Ca2+ oscillation in both non-excitable and excitable cells. The ratiometric version further allows super-resolution monitoring of local ER Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. Notably, the NEMOer-f variant enabled the inaugural detection of Ca2+ blinks, elementary Ca2+ releasing signals from the SR of cardiomyocytes, as well as in vivo spontaneous SR Ca2+ releases in zebrafish. In summary, the highly dynamic NEMOer sensors expand the repertoire of organellar Ca2+ sensors that allow real-time monitoring of intricate Ca2+ dynamics and homeostasis in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gill, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.08.583332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Highly Dynamic and Sensitive NEMOer Calcium Indicators for Imaging ER Calcium Signals in Excitable Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584200v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An octopamine-specific GRAB sensor reveals a monoamine relay circuitry that boosts aversive learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584200v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Octopamine (OA), analogous to norepinephrine in vertebrates, is an essential monoamine neurotransmitter in invertebrates that plays a significant role in various biological functions, including olfactory associative learning. However, the spatial and temporal dynamics of OA in vivo remain poorly understood due to limitations associated with the currently available methods used to detect it. To overcome these limitations, we developed a genetically encoded GPCR activation-based (GRAB) OA sensor called GRABOA1.0. This sensor is highly selective for OA and exhibits a robust and rapid increase in fluorescence in response to extracellular OA. Using GRABOA1.0, we monitored OA release in the Drosophila mushroom body (MB), the flys learning center, and found that OA is released in response to both odor and shock stimuli in an aversive learning model. This OA release requires acetylcholine (ACh) released from Kenyon cells, signaling via nicotinic ACh receptors. Finally, we discovered that OA amplifies aversive learning behavior by augmenting dopamine-mediated punishment signals via Oct{beta}1R in dopaminergic neurons, leading to alterations in synaptic plasticity within the MB. Thus, our new GRABOA1.0 sensor can be used to monitor OA release in real-time under physiological conditions, providing valuable insights into the cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie OA signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.09.584200</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An octopamine-specific GRAB sensor reveals a monoamine relay circuitry that boosts aversive learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584264v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable antibody-antigen interaction prediction by bridging structure to sequence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.09.584264v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the application of personalized and precision medicine, more precise and efficient antibody drug development technology is urgently needed. Identification of antibody-antigen interactions is crucial to antibody engineering. The time-consuming and expensive nature of wet-lab experiments calls for efficient computational methods. Taking into account the non-overlapping advantage of current structure-dependent and sequence-only computational methods, we propose an interpretable antibody-antigen interaction prediction method, S3AI. The introduction of structural knowledge, combined with explicit modeling of chemical rules, establishes a  sequence-to-function route in S3AI, thereby facilitating its perception of intricate molecular interactions through providing route and priors guidance. S3AI significantly and comprehensively outperforms the state-of-the-art models and exhibits excellent generalization when predicting unknown antibody-antigen pairs, surpassing specialized prediction methods designed for out-of-distribution generalization in fair comparisons. More importantly, S3AI captures the universal pattern of antibody-antigen interactions, which not only identifies the CDRs responsible for specific binding to the antigen but also unearths the importance of CDR-H3 for the interaction. Structure-free design and superior performance make S3AI ideal for large-scale, parallelized antibody optimization and screening, enabling the rapid and precise identification of promising candidates within the extensive antibody space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.09.584264</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable antibody-antigen interaction prediction by bridging structure to sequence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering Immune Complexity: Single-Cell Insights into Autoimmune Myocarditis Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.12.584698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autoimmune myocarditis is a complex inflammatory response in the heart caused by abnormal immune system activity. We used modern single-cell technologies to analyze the complex gene expression patterns in autoimmune myocarditis tissue samples during several stages of inflammation: acute, subacute, and chronic. We identified the presence of T cell-monocyte complexes in both control and myocarditis samples from different phases using detailed analysis of vast single-cell RNA sequencing data. These complexes were notably more prevalent throughout the acute and subacute stages. Our investigation of gene ontology revealed their involvement in important processes as signal transduction, immune response control, and T cell proliferation and activation. We conducted a thorough analysis of trajectories, uncovering the step-by-step changes of macrophages into clusters linked to antigen presentation, oxidative stress responses, complement activation, and phagocytosis. Furthermore, our examination of neutrophil paths revealed their development and maturation from the bone marrow to distinct functional stages. Our analysis of cellular communication networks revealed consistent and phase-specific patterns, providing valuable information on how immune responses change as the disease progresses. We noted a substantial increase in BAFF signaling from normal to acute phases, while CHEMERIN signaling was upregulated from acute to chronic phases. The discoveries greatly improve our understanding of autoimmune myocarditis on a molecular level, providing a strong basis for creating personalized precision medicine treatments for each patient.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mamdouh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulsahib, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshaya, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayad, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eid, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsharif, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alshehri, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Otifi, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soltan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldeen, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.12.584698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering Immune Complexity: Single-Cell Insights into Autoimmune Myocarditis Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Origin of Movement Biases During Reaching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Goal-directed movements can fail due to errors in our perceptual and motor systems. While these errors may arise from random noise within these sources, they also reflect systematic motor biases that vary with the location of the target. The origin of these systematic biases remains controversial. Drawing on data from an extensive array of reaching tasks conducted over the past 30 years, we evaluated the merits of various computational models regarding the origin of motor biases. Contrary to previous theories, we show that motor biases do not arise from systematic errors associated with the sensed hand position during motor planning or from the biomechanical constraints imposed during motor execution. Rather, motor biases are primarily caused by a misalignment between eye-centric and body-centric representations of position. This model can account for motor biases across a wide range of contexts, encompassing movements with the right versus left hand, finger versus hand movements, visible and occluded starting positions, as well as before and after sensorimotor adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morehead, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsay, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Origin of Movement Biases During Reaching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
N-acetyltransferase 10-mediated mRNA N4-acetylation is Essential for the Translational Regulation During Oocyte Meiotic Maturation in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.15.585321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mammalian oocyte maturation is driven by the strict translational regulation of maternal mRNAs stored in the cytoplasm. However, the function and mechanism of post-transcriptional chemical modifications, especially the newly identified N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), are unknown. In this study, we developed a low-input ac4C sequencing technology, ac4C LACE-seq, and mapped 8241 ac4C peaks at the whole-transcriptome level using 50 mouse oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage. We profiled the mRNA landscapes of NAT10-interactions and ac4C modifications. The NAT10-interacted and ac4C-modified transcripts are associated with high translation efficiency in oocytes. Oocyte-specific Nat10 knockout wiped out ac4C signals in oocytes and caused severe defects in meiotic maturation and female infertility. ac4C LACE-seq results indicated that Nat10 deletion led to a failure of ac4C deposition on mRNAs encoding key maternal factors, such as MSY2, ZAR1, BTG4, and cyclin B1, which regulate transcriptome stability and maternal-to-zygotic transition. Nat10-deleted oocytes showed decreased mRNA translation efficiency during meiotic maturation, partially due to the direct inhibition of ac4C sites on specific transcripts. In summary, we developed a low-input, high-sensitivity mRNA ac4C profiling approach and highlighted the important physiological function of ac4C in the precise regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by enhancing translation efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, R.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, Q.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.15.585321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[N-acetyltransferase 10-mediated mRNA N4-acetylation is Essential for the Translational Regulation During Oocyte Meiotic Maturation in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.16.582202v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Normative growth modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in children with ADHD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.16.582202v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundNeuroimaging studies suggest substantial individual heterogeneity in brain phenotypes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, how these individual-level brain phenotypes contribute to the identification of ADHD biotypes and whether these biotypes have different treatment outcomes and neurobiological underpinnings remain largely unknown.

MethodsWe collected multisite, high-quality structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 1,006 children aged 6-14 years, including 351 children with ADHD and 655 typically developing children. Normative growth models of cortical thickness were established for 219 regions in the typically developing children. Individual-level deviations from these normal references were quantified and clustered to identify ADHD biotypes. We validated the replicability and generalizability of the ADHD biotypes using two independent datasets and evaluated the associations of the biotypes with symptomatic, cognitive, and gene expression profiles, as well as follow-up treatment outcomes.

FindingsNo more than 10% of children with ADHD had extreme deviations in cortical thickness in a single region, suggesting high heterogeneity among individuals with ADHD. On the basis of the brain deviation maps, we discovered two robust ADHD biotypes, an infra-normal subtype with cortical thinning associated with ADHD symptoms and a supranormal subtype with cortical thickening associated with cognition. Patients with the infra-normal subtype responded better to methylphenidate than to atomoxetine, although both subtypes showed treatment efficacy. Brain deviations in the infra-normal subtype were explained by the expression levels of genes enriched in presynaptic and axonal development and polygenic risk of ADHD.

InterpretationWe identified anatomically distinct, clinically valuable, and biologically informed ADHD subtypes, providing insight into the neurobiological basis of clinical heterogeneity and facilitating a personalized medication strategy for ADHD patients.

Panel: Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSSubstantial individual heterogeneity in brain phenotypes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) motivates the need to discover homogeneous biotypes. We searched PubMed for research articles on ADHD biotypes using brain MRI published before December 1, 2023, using the search terms ((attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [Title/Abstract]) OR (ADHD [Title/Abstract])) AND ((subtypes [Title/Abstract]) OR (subgroups [Title/Abstract]) OR (subtyping [Title/Abstract])) AND ((MRI [Title/Abstract]) OR (neuroimaging [Title/Abstract]) OR (brain [Title/Abstract])) without language restrictions. Of the eight included studies, two identified ADHD biotypes using structural morphology, four used functional activity, and two used multimodal features. However, none of these studies considered the developmental effect of the brain phenotypes, examined treatment response, or investigated the genetic correlates of the biotypes.

Added value of this studyThis study is the first to use individualized brain measures extracted from normative models to investigate ADHD biotypes in a large sample of more than 1,000 children. We identified two reproducible ADHD biotypes, characterized by distinct symptomatic, cognitive, and gene expression profiles, as well as differential treatment responses. This study advances our understanding of the neurobiological basis underlying the clinical heterogeneity of ADHD and highlights the critical need to discover ADHD biotypes using an unbiased and individualized approach.

Implications of all the available evidenceThis study revealed remarkable neuroanatomical heterogeneity in ADHD patients and identified anatomically distinct, clinically valuable, and biologically informed ADHD biotypes. Our findings have potential value for the investigation of data-driven biotypes to evaluate treatment efficacy and facilitate personalized treatment. We also highlight the need for future studies to move beyond the understanding of ADHD solely based on the "average patient" perspective.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.16.582202</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Normative growth modeling of brain morphology reveals neuroanatomical heterogeneity and biological subtypes in children with ADHD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.584333v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rapamycin Treatment Reduces Brain Pericyte Constriction in Ischemic Stroke 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.584333v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The contraction and subsequent death of brain pericytes may play a role in microvascular no-reflow following the re-opening of an occluded artery during ischemic stroke. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition has been shown to reduce motility/contractility of various cancer cell lines and reduce neuronal cell death in stroke. However, the effects of mTOR inhibition on brain pericyte contraction and death during ischemia have not yet been investigated. Cultured pericytes exposed to simulated ischemia for 12 hours in vitro contracted after less than 1 h, which was about 7h prior to cell death. Rapamycin significantly reduced the rate of pericyte contraction during ischemia, however, it did not have a significant effect on pericyte viability at any time point. Rapamycin appeared to reduce pericyte contraction through a RhoA-dependent pathway, independent of changes in intracellular calcium. Using a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, rapamycin significantly increased the diameter of capillaries underneath pericytes and increased the number of open capillaries 30 minutes following recanalization. Our findings suggest rapamycin may be a useful adjuvant therapeutic to reduce pericyte contraction and improve cerebral reperfusion post-stroke.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beard, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Couch, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adriaanse, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Simoglou Karali, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howells, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redzic, Z. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sutherland, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buchan, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.584333</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rapamycin Treatment Reduces Brain Pericyte Constriction in Ischemic Stroke]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unique and biocompatible approach for corneal collagen crosslinking in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is a widely applied technique to halt the progression of ectatic diseases by increasing the thickness and mechanical stiffness of the cornea. This study investigated the biocompatibility and efficiency of a novel CXL procedure using ruthenium and blue light in rat corneas and evaluated factors important for clinical application. To perform the CXL procedure, the corneal epithelium of rats was removed under anesthesia, followed by the application of a solution containing ruthenium and sodium persulfate (SPS). The corneas were then exposed to blue light at 430 nm at 3 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes. Rat corneas were examined and evaluated for corneal opacity, corneal and limbal neovascularization, and corneal epithelial regeneration at days 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, and 14. On day 28, the corneas were isolated for subsequent tissue follow-up and analysis. CXL with ruthenium and blue light showed rapid epithelial healing, with 100% regeneration of the corneal epithelium and no corneal opacity by day 6. The ruthenium group also exhibited significantly reduced corneal (p<0.01) and limbal neovascularization (p<0.001). Histological analysis revealed no signs of cellular damage or apoptosis, which further confirms the biocompatibility and nontoxicity of our method. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed a greater density of collagen fibrils, indicating efficient crosslinking and enhanced structural integrity. This study confirmed the in vivo safety, biocompatibility, and functionality of ruthenium and blue light CXL. This method can prevent toxicity caused by UV-A light and can be a rapid alternative treatment to standard crosslinking procedures.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>GULZAR, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KALELI, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koseoglu, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasanreisoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIZILEL, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unique and biocompatible approach for corneal collagen crosslinking in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585612v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mycobacterium dormancy and antibiotic tolerance within the retinal pigment epithelium of ocular tuberculosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585612v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide due to latent TB infection, which is the critical step for the successful pathogenic cycle. In this stage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides inside the host in a dormant and antibiotic-tolerant state. Latent TB infection can lead to a multisystemic diseases because M. tuberculosis invades virtually all organs, including ocular tissues. Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) occurs when the dormant bacilli within ocular tissues reactivate, originally seeded by hematogenous spread from pulmonary TB. Timely and accurate diagnosis as well as efficient chemotherapies are crucial in preventing poor visual outcomes of OTB patients. Histological evidence suggests that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a central role in immune privilege and in the protection from the antibiotic effects, making them an anatomical niche for invading M. tuberculosis. RPE cells exhibit high tolerance to environmental redox stresses, allowing phagocytosed M. tuberculosis bacilli to maintain viability in a dormant state. However, the microbiological and metabolic mechanisms determining the interaction between the RPE intracellular environment and phagocytosed M. tuberculosis are largely unknown. Here, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics was used to illuminate the metabolic state within RPE cells reprogrammed to harbor dormant M. tuberculosis bacilli and enhance the antibiotic tolerance. The results have led to propose a novel therapeutic option to synthetically kill the dormant M. tuberculosis inside the RPE cells by modulating the phenotypic state of M. tuberculosis, thus laying the foundation for a new, innovative regimen for treating OTB.

ImportanceUnderstanding the metabolic environment within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells altered by infection with M. tuberculosis and mycobacterial dormancy is crucial to identify new therapeutic methods to cure OTB. The present study showed that RPE cellular metabolism is altered to foster intracellular M. tuberculosis to enter into the dormant and drug tolerant state, thereby blunting the efficacy of anti-TB chemotherapy. RPE cells serve as an anatomical niche as the cells protect invading bacilli from antibiotic treatment. LC-MS metabolomics of RPE cells after co-treatment with H2O2 and M. tuberculosis infection showed that intracellular environment within RPE cells is enriched with greater level of oxidative stress. The antibiotic tolerance of intracellular M. tuberculosis within RPE cells can be restored by a metabolic manipulation strategy such as co-treatment of antibiotic with the most downstream glycolysis metabolite, phosphoenolpyruvate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhoeun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ameri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eoh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585612</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mycobacterium dormancy and antibiotic tolerance within the retinal pigment epithelium of ocular tuberculosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
All-atom protein sequence design based on geometric deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.18.585651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The development of advanced deep learning methods has revolutionized computational protein design. Although the success rate of design has been significantly increased, the overall accuracy of de novo design remains low. Many computational sequence design approaches are devoted to recover the original sequences for given protein structures by encoding the environment of the central residue without considering atomic details of side chains. This may limit the exploration of new sequences that can fold into the same structure and restrain function design that depends on interaction details. In this study, we proposed a novel deep learning frame-work, GeoSeqBuilder, to learn the relationship between protein structure and sequence based on rotational and translational invariance by extracting the information from relative locations. We utilized geometric deep learning to fetch the spatial local geometric features from protein backbones and explicitly incorporated three-body interactions to learn the inter-residue coupling information, and then determined the central residue type. Our model recovers over 50% native residue types and simultaneously gives highly accurate prediction of side-chain conformations which gives the atomic interaction details and circumvents the dependence of protein structure prediction tools. We used the likelihood confidence logP as scoring function for sequence and structure consistence evaluation which exhibits strong correlation with TM-score, and can be applied to recognize near-native structures from protein decoys pool in protein structure prediction. We have used GeoSeqBuilder to design sequences for two proteins, including thiore-doxin and a de novo hallucinated protein. All of the 15 sequences experimentally tested can be expressed as soluble monomeric proteins with high thermal stability and correct secondary structures. We further solved one crystal structure for thioredoxin and two for the hallucinated structure and all the experimentally solved structures are in good agreement with the designed models. The two designed sequences for the hallucination structure are novel without any homologous sequences within the latest released database clust30. The ability of GeoSeqBuilder to design new sequences for given protein structures with atomic details makes it applicable, not only for de novo sequence design, but also for protein-protein interaction and functional protein design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.18.585651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[All-atom protein sequence design based on geometric deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular basis for the activation of the Fatty Acid Kinase complex of Staphylococcus aureus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gram-positive bacteria utilize a Fatty Acid Kinase (FAK) complex to harvest fatty acids from the environment. The complex, consisting of the fatty acid kinase, FakA, and an acyl carrier protein, FakB, is known to impact virulence and disease outcomes. However, FAKs structure and enzymatic mechanism remain poorly understood. Here, we used a combination of modeling, biochemical, and cell-based approaches to establish critical details of FAK activity. Solved structures of the apo and ligand-bound FakA kinase domain captured the protein state through ATP hydrolysis. Additionally, targeted mutagenesis of an understudied FakA Middle domain identified critical residues within a metal-binding pocket that contribute to FakA dimer stability and protein function. Regarding the complex, we demonstrated nanomolar affinity between FakA and FakB and generated computational models of the complexs quaternary structure. Together, these data provide critical insight into the structure and function of the FAK complex which is essential for understanding its mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Myers, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMars, Z. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ridder, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krute, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flynn, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashipathy, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnicker, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bose, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.585040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular basis for the activation of the Fatty Acid Kinase complex of Staphylococcus aureus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585685v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CADTAD: CAncer Driver Topologically Associated Domains identify oncogenic and tumor suppressive lncRNAs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.19.585685v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cancer long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified by experimental and in silico methods. However, current approaches for identifying cancer lncRNAs are not sufficient and effective. To uncover them, we focused on the core cancer driver lncRNAs, which directly interact with cancer driver protein-coding genes (PCGs). We investigated various aspects of cancer lncRNAs, including their expression patterns, genomic locations, and direct interactions with cancer driver PCGs, and developed a pipeline to unearth candidate cancer driver lncRNAs. Finally, we validated the reliability of potential cancer driver lncRNAs through functional analysis of bioinformatics data and CRISPR-Cas9 knockout experiments. We found that cancer lncRNAs were more concentrated in cancer driver topologically associated domains (CDTs), and CDT is an important feature in identifying cancer lncRNAs. Moreover, cancer lncRNAs showed a high tendency to co-express with and bind to cancer driver PCGs. Utilizing these distinctive characteristics, we developed a pipeline CADTAD to unearth candidate cancer driver lncRNAs in pan-cancer, including 256 oncogenic lncRNAs, 177 tumor suppressive lncRNAs, and 75 dual-function lncRNAs, as well as in three individual cancer types, and validated their cancer-related function. More importantly, the function of 10 putative cancer driver lncRNAs in prostate cancer was subsequently validated to influence cancer phenotype through cell studies. In light of these findings, our study offers a new perspective from the 3D genome to study the roles of lncRNAs in cancer. Furthermore, we provide a valuable set of potential lncRNAs that could deepen our understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of cancer driver lncRNAs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.19.585685</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CADTAD: CAncer Driver Topologically Associated Domains identify oncogenic and tumor suppressive lncRNAs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585857v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BRD8 guards the pluripotent state by sensing and maintaining histone acetylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.585857v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic control of cell fates is a critical determinant to maintain cell type stability and permissive differentiation. However, the epigenetic control mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that the histone acetyltransferase reader protein BRD8 impairs the conversion of primed mouse EpiSCs (epiblast stem cells) to naive mouse ESCs (embryonic stem cells). BRD8 works by maintaining histone acetylation on promoters and transcribed gene bodies. BRD8 is responsible for maintaining open chromatin at somatic genes, and histone acetylation at naive-specific genes. When Brd8 expression was reduced, chromatin accessibility was unchanged, but histone acetylation at primed-specific genes was reduced. Conversely, naive-specific genes had reduced repressive chromatin marks, and acquired accessible chromatin more rapidly during the cell type conversion. We show that this process requires active histone deacetylation to promote the conversion of primed to naive. Our data supports a model for BRD8 reading histone acetylation to accurately localize the genome-wide binding of the histone acetyltransferase KAT5. Overall, this study shows how the reading of the histone acetylation state by BRD8 maintains cell type stability.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=81 SRC="FIGDIR/small/585857v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (22K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@199139forg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d735c6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10b6e15org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16863cf_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Key findingsO_LIBRD8 blocks the primed-to-naive transition.
C_LIO_LIReduced Brd8 promoted the suppression of somatic and primed genes through reduced chromatin repression.
C_LIO_LIReduced Brd8 enabled the accelerated activation of naive-specific genes by opening chromatin.
C_LIO_LIBRD8 anchors the histone acetyltransferase KAT5 to acetylated genomic loci.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jauch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchins, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.585857</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BRD8 guards the pluripotent state by sensing and maintaining histone acetylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.586024v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell profiling reveals the intratumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in cervical adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.20.586024v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCervical adenocarcinoma (ADC) is more aggressive compared to other types of cervical cancer (CC), such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor heterogeneity are recognized as pivotal factors in cancer progression and therapy. However, the disparities in TIME and heterogeneity between ADC and SCC are poorly understood.

MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 11 samples of ADC tumor tissues, with other 4 SCC samples served as controls. The immunochemistry and multiplexed immunofluorescence were conducted to validate our findings.

ResultsCompared to SCC, ADC exhibited unique enrichments in several sub-clusters of epithelial cells with elevated stemness and hyper-malignant features, including the Epi_10_CYSTM1 cluster. ADC displayed a highly immunosuppressive environment characterized by the enrichment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-promoting neutrophils. The Epi_10_CYSTM1 cluster recruits Tregs via ALCAM-CD6 signaling, while Tregs reciprocally induce stemness in the Epi_10_CYSTM1 cluster through TGF{beta} signaling. Importantly, our study revealed that the Epi_10_CYSTM1 cluster could serve as a valuable predictor of lymph node metastasis for CC patients.

ConclusionsThis study highlights the significance of ADC-specific cell clusters in establishing a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, ultimately contributing to the heightened aggressiveness and poorer prognosis of ADC compared to SCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.20.586024</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell profiling reveals the intratumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment in cervical adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Correlates of Epigenetic Aging in a Nationally Representative U.S. Study of Younger Adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.585983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ImportanceEpigenetic clocks represent molecular evidence of disease risk and aging processes and have been used to identify how social and lifestyle characteristics are associated with accelerated biological aging. However, most of this research is based on older adult samples who already have measurable chronic disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether and how sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are related to biological aging in a younger adult sample across a wide array of epigenetic clock measures.

DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.

SettingUnited States (U.S.).

ParticipantsData come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a national cohort of adolescents in grades 7-12 in U.S. in 1994 followed for 25 years over five interview waves. Our analytic sample includes participants followed-up through Wave V in 2016-18 who provided blood samples for DNA methylation (DNAm) testing (n=4237) at Wave V.

ExposureSociodemographic (sex, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, socioeconomic status, geographic location) and lifestyle (obesity status, exercise, tobacco, and alcohol use) characteristics.

Main OutcomeBiological aging assessed from blood DNAm using 16 epigenetic clocks when the cohort was aged 33-44 in Wave V.

ResultsWhile there is considerable variation in the mean and distribution of epigenetic clock estimates and in the correlations among the clocks, we found sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are more often associated with biological aging in clocks trained to predict current or dynamic phenotypes (e.g., PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPACE) as opposed to clocks trained to predict chronological age alone (e.g., Horvath). Consistent and strong associations of faster biological aging were found for those with lower levels of education and income, and those with severe obesity, no weekly exercise, and tobacco use.

Conclusions and RelevanceOur study found important social and lifestyle factors associated with biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of younger-aged adults. These findings indicate that molecular processes underlying disease risk can be identified in adults entering midlife before disease is manifest and represent useful targets for interventions to reduce social inequalities in heathy aging and longevity.

Key PointsO_ST_ABSQuestionC_ST_ABSAre epigenetic clocks, measures of biological aging developed mainly on older-adult samples, meaningful for younger adults and associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in expected patterns found in prior aging research?

FindingsSociodemographic and lifestyle factors were associated with biological aging in clocks trained to predict morbidity and mortality showing accelerated aging among those with lower levels of education and income, and those with severe obesity, no weekly exercise, and tobacco use.

MeaningAge-related molecular processes can be identified in younger-aged adults before disease manifests and represent potential interventions to reduce social inequalities in heathy aging and longevity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Harris, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levitt, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaydosh, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aiello, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.21.585983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Correlates of Epigenetic Aging in a Nationally Representative U.S. Study of Younger Adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.586190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Genomes of Nematode-Trapping Fungi Provide Insights into the Origin and Diversification of Fungal Carnivorism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.21.586190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), most of which belong to a monophyletic lineage in Ascomycota, cannibalize nematodes and other microscopic animals, raising questions regarding the types and mechanisms of genomic changes that enabled carnivorism and adaptation to the carbon-rich and nitrogen-poor environment created by the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Here, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of 21 NTF and 21 non-NTF to address these questions. Carnivorism-associated changes include expanded genes for nematode capture, infection, and consumption (e.g., adhesive proteins, CAP superfamily, eukaryotic aspartyl proteases, and serine-type peptidases). Although the link between secondary metabolite (SM) production and carnivorism remains unclear, we found that the numbers of SM gene clusters among NTF are significantly lower than those among non-NTF. Significantly expanded cellulose degradation gene families (GH5, GH7, AA9, and CBM1) and contracted genes for carbon-nitrogen hydrolases (enzymes that degrade organic nitrogen to ammonia) are likely associated with adaptation to the carbon-rich and nitrogen-poor environment. Through horizontal gene transfer events from bacteria, NTF acquired the Mur gene cluster (participating in synthesizing peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall) and Hyl (a virulence factor in animals). Disruption of MurE reduced NTFs ability to attract nematodes, supporting its role in carnivorism. This study provides new insights into how NTF evolved and diversified after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steenwyk, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.21.586190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Genomes of Nematode-Trapping Fungi Provide Insights into the Origin and Diversification of Fungal Carnivorism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586334v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of novel role for Rab27B in autophagy regulation in colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.22.586334v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAutophagy is a dynamic, multi-step process that cells use to degrade damaged, abnormal, and potentially harmful cellular substances. While autophagy is maintained at a basal level in all cells, it is activated at a higher level in many cancer cells and promotes tumor growth, anti-tumor immune response, and resistance to cancer therapy. As a result, autophagy is increasingly being recognized to have an important role in cancer progression and emerging as a potential target for cancer therapy. We recently discovered that small GTPase Rab27B, a known regulator of vesicle trafficking and exosome secretion, is also involved in the autophagy process.

MethodsRab27B was knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 in CRC cell line HCT116. Western blotting, Immunofluorescence, MTT assay, spheroid formation assay, soft agar assay and xenograft studies were performed to analyze the effects of Rab27B deletion on CRC cells.

ResultsCRISPR/Cas9 deletion or siRNA knockdown of Rab27B in colorectal cancer cells (CRC) showed an abnormal accumulation of autophagy vesicles. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the autophagy markers LC3-II and p62 by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis, suggesting a defect in the autophagy flux process. Lysotracker and mCherry-EGFP-LC3 fusion construct indicate an impairment in autophagosome and lysosome fusion when Rab27B is silenced. This defect was rescued by full-length and constitutively active GTP mutant of Rab27B. As autophagy has been shown to have a pro-survival role in tumor growth and stress response, we hypothesized that the observed defects in autophagy flux resulting from Rab27B loss would cause reduced stress response and tumor growth. Indeed, Rab27B knockout reduced cell viability in response to starvation and a 94% reduction in soft agar colony formation. Rab27B deletion also prevented spheroid formation in vitro. Finally, to analyze the effect of Rab27B deletion in tumor formation in vivo, we performed a xenograft study with wildtype and Rab27B knockout CRC cells, resulting in a dramatic loss of tumor growth (p<0.0001) in the KO cells.

ConclusionsTogether, our results demonstrate a new role of Rab27B in the autophagy trafficking process in CRC. Future studies will focus on investigating the mechanism of how Rab27B functions in the autophagy pathway and whether Rab27B can be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Afroz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preet, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vishwakarma, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dixon, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.22.586334</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of novel role for Rab27B in autophagy regulation in colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
State-dependent Online Reactivations for Different Learning Strategies in Foraging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.25.586512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactivation of neural responses associated with navigation is thought to facilitate learning. We wondered whether reactivation is subject to contextual control, meaning that different types of learning promote different reactivation patterns. We trained macaques to forage in a first-person virtual maze and identified two distinct learning states prioritizing reward and information using unsupervised ethogramming based on low-level features. In orbitofrontal (OFC) and retrosplenial (RSC) cortices, representations of the goal, the path towards it, and recently traveled paths were strongly reactivated - online - during reward-prioritizing choices. During learning, reactivation of optimal paths increased in RSC after reward-prioritizing choices, and reactivation of uninformative paths decreased in RSC and OFC after information-prioritizing choices. Reactivation in OFC selectively covaried with ongoing RSC activity when prioritizing information; vice versa during prioritizing reward. These results highlight that cognitive states can drive learning and reactivation patterns can be tailored to the needs of the moment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Son, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S. B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.25.586512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[State-dependent Online Reactivations for Different Learning Strategies in Foraging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.586820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global variation in prior exposure shapes antibody neutralization profiles of SARS-CoV-2 variants up to BA.2.86 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.586820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, BA.2.86, and its descendants are now the most frequently sequenced variants of SARS-CoV-2. We analyze antibody neutralization data from eight laboratories from the UK, USA, Denmark, and China, including two datasets assessing the effect of XBB.1.5 vaccines, to determine the effect of infection and vaccination history on neutralization of variants up to and including BA.2.86, and produce antibody landscapes to describe these neutralization profiles. We find evidence for lower levels of immune imprinting on pre-Omicron variants in sera collected from Denmark and China, which may be explained by lower levels of circulation of the ancestral variant in these countries, and the use of an inactivated virus vaccine in China.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Turner, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amirthalingam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barouch, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bewley, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, Y.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlton, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DOVE consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coombes, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hallis, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasrado, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lassauniere, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lihong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montefiori, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moss, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parry, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Polacek Strandh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thakur, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willett, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.586820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global variation in prior exposure shapes antibody neutralization profiles of SARS-CoV-2 variants up to BA.2.86]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587068v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Molecular Architecture of the Nuclear Basket 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.27.587068v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole mediator of nucle-ocytoplasmic transport. Despite great advances in understanding its conserved core architecture, the peripheral regions can exhibit considerable variation within and between species. One such structure is the cage-like nuclear basket. Despite its crucial roles in mRNA surveillance and chromatin organization, an architectural understanding has remained elusive. Using in-cell cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram analysis, we explored the NPCs structural variations and the nuclear basket across fungi (yeast; S. cerevisiae), mammals (mouse; M. musculus), and protozoa (T. gondii). Using integrative structural modeling, we computed a model of the basket in yeast and mammals that revealed how a hub of Nups in the nuclear ring binds to basket-forming Mlp/Tpr proteins: the coiled-coil domains of Mlp/Tpr form the struts of the basket, while their unstructured termini constitute the basket distal densities, which potentially serve as a docking site for mRNA preprocessing before nucleocytoplasmic transport
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Singh, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutchings, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Echeverria, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikh, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duquette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suslov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Eeuwen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molloy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chait, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Martinez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rout, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villa, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.27.587068</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Molecular Architecture of the Nuclear Basket]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantify genetic variants' regulatory potential via a hybrid sequence-oriented model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how noncoding DNA determines gene expression is critical for decoding the functional genome. Leveraging a hybrid sequence-oriented architecture, we developed SVEN to model (and predict) tissue-specific transcriptomic impacts for large-scale structural variants across over 200 tissues and cell lines. We expect that SVEN will enable more effective in silico analysis and interpretation of human genome-wide disease-related genetic variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantify genetic variants' regulatory potential via a hybrid sequence-oriented model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587150v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mu Suppression During Action Observation Only in the Lower, not in the Higher, Frequency Subband 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587150v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mu suppression - desynchronization of neural oscillations in central EEG electrodes during action execution and observation - has been widely accepted as a marker for neural mirroring. It has been conventionally and predominantly quantified in the 8-13 Hz range, corresponding to the alpha frequency band, although few studies reported differences in lower and higher subbands that together constitute the mu frequency band. In the present study, we adopted a data-driven approach to examine the spectral and temporal dynamics of mu suppression when participants watched videos depicting hand and face actions and artificial pattern movements. Our analyses in central EEG electrodes revealed that neural oscillations were significantly suppressed during action observation only in the lower (8-10.5 Hz), not in the higher (10.5-13 Hz), subband. No such subband differentiation was observed for the alpha oscillations in the occipital electrodes. In addition, in the lower subband, significantly stronger suppressions were selective for hand actions in the central EEG electrodes placed over the hand region of the sensorimotor cortices and for facial actions in the frontotemporal electrodes placed over the face region of the sensorimotor cortices. In the higher subband, such stimulus selectivity was only observed for facial actions in the frontotemporal electrodes. Furthermore, the neural oscillations in the lower, but not the higher, subband followed the precise temporal patterning of biological motion in the videos. These results indicate that neural oscillations in the lower subband show the characteristics of neural mirroring processes, whereas those in the higher subband might reflect other mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Badakul, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587150</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mu Suppression During Action Observation Only in the Lower, not in the Higher, Frequency Subband]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587167v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
triangulaR: an R package for identifying AIMs and building triangle plots using SNP data from hybrid zones 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.28.587167v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybridization provides a window into the speciation process and reshuffles parental alleles to produce novel recombinant genotypes. The presence or absence of specific hybrid classes across a hybrid zone can provide support for various modes of reproductive isolation. Early generation hybrid classes can be distinguished by their combination of hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity, which can be estimated with molecular data. Hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity are routinely calculated for studies of hybrid zones, but available resources for next-generation sequencing datasets are computationally demanding and tools for visualizing those metrics as a triangle plot are lacking. Here, we provide a resource for identifying ancestry- informative markers (AIMs) from SNP datasets, calculating hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity, and visualizing the relationship as a triangle plot. Our methods are implemented in the R package triangulaR. We validate our methods by simulating genetic data for a hybrid zone between parental groups at low, medium, and high levels of divergence. We find that accurate and precise estimates of hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity can be obtained with sample sizes as low as five individuals per parental group. We explore various allele frequency difference thresholds for AIM identification, and how this threshold influences the accuracy and precision of hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity estimates. We contextualize interpretation of triangle plots by describing the theoretical expectations for covariance of hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity under Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and provide recommendations for best practices for identifying AIMs and building triangle plots.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiens, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.28.587167</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[triangulaR: an R package for identifying AIMs and building triangle plots using SNP data from hybrid zones]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587395v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A next generation of hierarchical Bayesian analyses of hybrid zones enables direct quantification of variation in introgression in R 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.29.587395v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hybrid zones, where genetically distinct groups of organisms meet and interbreed, offer valuable insights into the nature of species and speciation. Here, we present a new R package bgchm, for population genomic analyses of hybrid zones. This R package extends and updates the existing bgc software and combines Bayesian analyses of hierarchical genomic clines with Bayesian methods for estimating hybrid indexes, interpopulation ancestry proportions, and geographic clines. Compared to existing software, bgchm offers enhanced efficiency through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling and the ability to work with genotype likelihoods combined with a hierarchical Bayesian approach, enabling accurate inference for diverse types of genetic datasets. The package also facilitates the quantification of introgression patterns across genomes, which is crucial for understanding reproductive isolation and speciation genetics. We first describe the models underlying bgchm and then provide an overview of the R package and illustrate its use through the analysis of simulated and empirical data sets. We show that bgchm generates accurate estimates of model parameters under a variety of conditions, especially when the genetic loci analyzed are highly ancestry informative. This includes relatively robust estimates of genome-wide variability in clines, which has not been the focus of previous models and methods. We also illustrate how both selection and genetic drift contribute to variability in introgression among loci and how additional information can be used to help distinguish these contributions. We conclude by describing the promises and limitations of bgchm, comparing bgchm to other software for genomic cline analyses, and identifying areas for fruitful future development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gompert, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRaad, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buerkle, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.29.587395</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A next generation of hierarchical Bayesian analyses of hybrid zones enables direct quantification of variation in introgression in R]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.30.587434v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogeography of the Giant Honeybees Based on Mitochondrial Gene Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.30.587434v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWWe carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the giant honeybees using mitochondrial COI and COII gene sequences analyzed with maximum likelihood methods. Our goal was to resolve phylogenetic relationships among Apis laboriosa, and the Apis dorsata subspecies: A. d. dorsata, A. d. binghami, and A. d. breviligula, the last two of which have been proposed as full species by several authors. We obtained strong support for four clades within A. dorsata: the three subspecies mentioned above, and a fourth from south India, but our analysis did not resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the four clades within A. dorsata in the broad sense. Recognition of these distinct lineages is important for conservation planning, so that their individual ecologies and migration patterns can be taken into account.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhatta, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cluff, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.03.30.587434</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogeography of the Giant Honeybees Based on Mitochondrial Gene Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587661v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Detection of changes in membrane potential by magnetic resonance imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587661v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membrane potential plays a crucial role in various cellular functions. However, existing techniques for measuring membrane potential are often invasive or have limited recording depth. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers noninvasive imaging with desirable spatial resolution over large areas. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing MRI to detect responses of cultured cells and in vivo rat cortex to membrane potential-modulating ionic solutions by measuring magnetic resonance parameters. Our findings reveal that depolarizing (or hyperpolarizing) ionic solutions increase (or decrease) the T2 relaxation time, while the ratio of bound to free water proton shows the opposite trend. These findings also suggest a potential approach to noninvasively detect changes in membrane potential using MRI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Min, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toi, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587661</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Detection of changes in membrane potential by magnetic resonance imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587833v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Terroir and rootstock effects on leaf shape in California Central Valley vineyards 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587833v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SummaryO_LIEmbedded in a single leaf shape are the latent signatures of genetic, developmental, and environmental effects. In viticulture, choice of location and rootstock are important decisions that affect the performance and production of the shoot. We hypothesize that these effects influence plant morphology, as reflected in leaf shape.
C_LIO_LIWe sample 1879 leaves arising from scion and rootstock combinations from commercial vineyards in the Central Valley of California. Our design tests 20 pairwise contrasts between Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay scions from San Joaquin, Merced, and Madera counties from vines grafted to Teleki 5C, 1103 Paulsen, and Freedom rootstocks.
C_LIO_LIUsing geometric morphometric approaches, we visualize a morphospace in which, in addition to clear separation of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay scion leaf shapes, an orthogonal source of shape variation affects both varieties. Comparing the Procrustes distances to within and between group means, the additional source of variance is found to arise from location and rootstock effects.
C_LIO_LIWe describe and visualize a specific shape feature, the angle of the proximal lobe to the midvein that defines the closure of the petiolar sinus, that is attributable to location and rootstock effects and orthogonal to and separate from genetic, developmental, or allometric effects attributable to leaf size.
C_LI

Societal Impact Statement (EN)The innumerable effects of terroir--including climate, soil, microbial environment, biotic interactions, and cultivation practice--collectively alter plant performance and production. A more direct agricultural intervention is grafting, in which genetically distinct shoot and root genotypes are surgically combined to create a chimera that alter shoot performance at a distance. Selection of location and rootstock are intentional decisions in viticulture to positively alter production outcomes. Here, we show that terroir and rootstock alter the shapes of grapevine leaves in commercial vineyards throughout the California Central Valley, documenting the profound effects of these agricultural interventions that alter plant morphology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Migicovsky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helget, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinkner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodhouse, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cousins, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fennell, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chitwood, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.02.587833</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Terroir and rootstock effects on leaf shape in California Central Valley vineyards]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587755v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Analysis of Structural Alignment Algorithms for Protein-Protein Interfaces in Template-Based Docking Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587755v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein-protein interactions are pivotal for various functions within living organisms. Understanding their underlying mechanisms holds significant potential for unraveling cellular processes. There are several methods to identify protein-protein interactions, including but not limited to template-based docking. The power of template docking lies in the template library selection and the quality of structural alignment. Within the scope of our investigation, we specifically delve into the performance of four structural alignment algorithms on one protein interface and four protein structure benchmark sets. This study places particular emphasis on assessing these tools on protein interfaces, composed of non-continuous structure segments, as these interfaces play a crucial role in protein interactions, especially in the context of template-based docking. Notably, our findings indicate that TM-align, despite not being explicitly designed for sequence-order independent alignment, exhibits comparable performance to tools tailored for this purpose while executing in a considerably shorter time frame. Therefore, TM-align emerges as a promising candidate for the crucial structural alignment step in template-docking pipelines.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cankara, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587755</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Analysis of Structural Alignment Algorithms for Protein-Protein Interfaces in Template-Based Docking Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587915v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prominent involvement of acetylcholine in shaping stable olfactory representation across the Drosophila brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.03.587915v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the vital role of neuromodulation in the neural system, the specific spatiotemporal dynamics of neuromodulators and their interactions with neuronal activities in vivo are still unclear, hampering our understanding of their information representation and functional contributions systemically. To address this problem, we employed two-photon synthetic aperture microscopy (2pSAM) to record long-term neuronal and neuromodulatory olfactory responses across the Drosophila brain at high speed. Our results revealed distinct response properties, global information propagation, functional connectivity, and odor identity representation among neuronal, cholinergic, and serotoninergic dynamics across multiple brain regions. We discovered the compensation between neuronal activity and cholinergic dynamics, both in the odor identity representation across the brain and the functional connectivity network structures of specific brain regions. Moreover, employing low-dimensional manifold and functional connectivity network analyses, we characterized the stable representation of cholinergic dynamics over a long term. Collectively, our unbiased and comprehensive investigation unveiled the prominent involvement of acetylcholine (ACh) in shaping olfactory representation across the brain, underscoring the inadequacy of solely considering neuronal activities when examining information representation of the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.03.587915</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prominent involvement of acetylcholine in shaping stable olfactory representation across the Drosophila brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588339v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DCLK1-Mediated Regulation of Invadopodia Dynamics and Matrix Metalloproteinase Trafficking Drives Invasive Progression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.06.588339v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major health concern due to its high mortality from poor treatment responses and locoregional tumor invasion into life sustaining structures in the head and neck. A deeper comprehension of HNSCC invasion mechanisms holds the potential to inform targeted therapies that may enhance patient survival. We previously reported that doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) regulates invasion of HNSCC cells. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DCLK1 regulates proteins within invadopodia to facilitate HNSCC invasion. Invadopodia are specialized subcellular protrusions secreting matrix metalloproteinases that degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM). Through a comprehensive proteome analysis comparing DCLK1 control and shDCLK1 conditions, our findings reveal that DCLK1 plays a pivotal role in regulating proteins that orchestrate cytoskeletal and ECM remodeling, contributing to cell invasion. Further, we demonstrate in TCGA datasets that DCLK1 levels correlate with increasing histological grade and lymph node metastasis. We identified higher expression of DCLK1 in the leading edge of HNSCC tissue. Knockdown of DCLK1 in HNSCC reduced the number of invadopodia, cell adhesion and colony formation. Using super resolution microscopy, we demonstrate localization of DCLK1 in invadopodia and colocalization with mature invadopodia markers TKS4, TKS5, cortactin and MT1-MMP. We carried out phosphoproteomics and validated using immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays, the interaction between DCLK1 and motor protein KIF16B. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of DCLK1 reduced interaction with KIF16B, secretion of MMPs, and cell invasion. This research unveils a novel function of DCLK1 within invadopodia to regulate the trafficking of matrix degrading cargo. The work highlights the impact of targeting DCLK1 to inhibit locoregional invasion, a life-threatening attribute of HNSCC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Arnold, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yap, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ly, T. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrison, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Standing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yellap, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.06.588339</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DCLK1-Mediated Regulation of Invadopodia Dynamics and Matrix Metalloproteinase Trafficking Drives Invasive Progression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588500v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Role of Mutual Information Profile Shifts in Assessing the Pathogenicity of Mutations on Protein Functions: The case of Pyrin Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.07.588500v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper presents a novel method to assess the pathogenicity of Pyrin protein mutations by using mutual information (MI) as a measure to quantify the correlation between residue motions or fluctuations and associated changes affecting the phenotype. The concept of MI profile shift is presented to quantify changes in MI upon mutation, revealing insights into residue-residue interactions at critical positions. We apply this method to the Pyrin protein variants, which are associated with an autosomal recessively inherited disease called familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) since the available tools do not help predict the pathogenicity of the most penetrant variants. We demonstrate the utility of MI profile shifts in assessing the effects of mutations on protein stability, function, and disease phenotype. The importance of MI shifts, for the pyrin example the negative shifts, as indicators of severe functional effects is emphasized, along with exploring potential compensatory mechanisms indicated by positive MI shifts, which are otherwise random and inconsequential. The paper also discusses challenges in relating MI profile changes to disease severity and advocates for comprehensive analysis considering genetic, environmental, and stochastic factors. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FMF and offers a framework for identifying potential therapeutic targets based on MI profile changes induced by mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.07.588500</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Role of Mutual Information Profile Shifts in Assessing the Pathogenicity of Mutations on Protein Functions: The case of Pyrin Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588384v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
No Reliable Evidence Supports the Presence of Javan Tigers - Data Issues Related to the DNA Analysis of a Recent Hair Sample 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588384v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A paper recently published in Oryx by Wirdateti et al. (2024) suggests that the extinct Javan tiger may still survive on the Island of Java, Indonesia, based on mtDNA analysis of a single hair collected from a claimed tiger encounter site. After carefully re-analyzing the data presented in Wirdateti et al. (2024), we conclude that there is little support for the authors statements. Importantly, the sequences of the putative tiger hair and museum Javan tiger specimens generated by the authors are not from tiger cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA but more likely the nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, the high mismatches found between the two "Javan tiger" sequences generated by the authors is unusual for homologous sequences that are both from tigers and hence indicative of data unreliability. Yet, too few details regarding the quality control were provided in Wirdateti et al. (2024) to rule out the possibility of contamination introduced during the data production process. In conclusion, it is inappropriate to use these unreliable sequences presented in Wirdateti et al. (2024) to infer the existence of the Javan tiger.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sui, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nyhus, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588384</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[No Reliable Evidence Supports the Presence of Javan Tigers - Data Issues Related to the DNA Analysis of a Recent Hair Sample]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588428v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical determinants of the oxidation-induced mutational landscape in human cells. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.08.588428v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is a common oxidative DNA lesion, which causes G>T substitutions that compose COSMIC single base substitution signature 18 (SBS18) in human cancers. Determinants of local and regional differences in 8-oxoG-induced mutability are currently unknown. To uncover factors influencing the topology of 8-oxoG-induced mutations, we assessed spontaneous and KBrO3-induced 8-oxoG mutagenesis in human cell lines. KBrO3 exposure produced a SBS18-like substitution spectrum and a distinct never-before reported INDEL signature that we also observed in human cancers. KBrO3-induced 8-oxoG lesions occurred with similar sequence preference as KBrO3-induced substitutions, indicating that the reactivity of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) dictates the trinucleotide motif specificity for 8-oxoG-induced mutagenesis. While 8-oxoG lesions occurred relatively uniformly across chromatin states and nucleosomes, 8-oxoG-induced mutations occurred more frequently in more compact regions of the genome, within nucleosomal DNA, and at inward facing guanines within strongly positioned nucleosomes. Cryo-EM structures of OGG1 bound to nucleosomes indicate that these effects originate from OGG1s ability to flip outward positioned 8-oxoG lesions into the catalytic pocket with only minor alterations to nucleosome structure, while inward facing lesions occluded by the histone octamer are unrecognized. Mutation spectra from cells with DNA repair deficiencies revealed a hierarchical DNA repair network limiting 8-oxoG mutagenesis in human cells, where OGG1- and MUTY-mediated BER is supplemented by replication-associated factors participating in tolerance of 8-oxoG or derived repair intermediates (i.e. Pol {eta} and HMCES). Surprisingly, analysis of transcriptional asymmetry of KBrO3-induced mutations demonstrated transcription-coupled repair of 8-oxoG in Pol {eta}-deficient cells. Thus, radical chemistry, chromatin structures, and DNA repair processes combine to dictate the oxidative mutational landscape in human genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cordero, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, K. P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cortez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberts, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.08.588428</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical determinants of the oxidation-induced mutational landscape in human cells.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FLASH Irradiation Regulates IFN-β induction by mtDNA via Cytochrome c Leakage 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.10.588811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ultrahigh dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is under intensive investigation for its biological benefits. The mechanisms underlying its ability to spare normal tissues while suppress tumor growth still remain controversial. Here we reveal that compared to the low dose rate electron irradiation (0.36 Gy/s), FLASH electron irradiation at 61 or 610 Gy/s enhances the cytochrome c leakage from mitochondria in human breast cells MCF-10A, which elicits substantial caspase activation, suppresses both the cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulation and IFN-{beta} secretion. Besides, the deletion of mtDNA severely decreases the radiation-induced cGAS-STING activation. Conversely, the cytochrome c leakage in carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 post electron irradiation is limited, especially for the case of FLASH irradiation, resulting in less cytosolic cytochrome c but stronger cGAS-STING activation than those in MCF-10A cells. The enhanced difference of cytochrome c leakage between cancer cells and normal cells post FLASH irradiation indicates a potential mechanism of FLASH effect by regulating the apoptotic and inflammatory pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lv, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mourou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FLASH Irradiation Regulates IFN-β induction by mtDNA via Cytochrome c Leakage]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589132v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively Parallel Polyribosome Profiling Reveals Translation Defects of Human Disease-Relevant UTR Mutations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.11.589132v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs harbor regulatory elements influencing translation efficiency. Although 3.7% of disease-relevant human mutations occur in UTRs, their exact role in pathogenesis remains unclear. Through metagene analysis, we mapped pathogenic UTR mutations to regions near coding sequences, with a focus on the upstream open reading frame (uORF) initiation site. Subsequently, we utilized massively parallel poly(ribo)some profiling to compare the ribosome associations of 6,555 pairs of wildtype and mutant UTR fragments. We identified 46 UTR variants that altered polysome profiles, with enrichment in pathogenic mutations. Both univariate analysis and the elastic net regression model highlighted the significance of motifs of short repeated sequences, including SRSF2 binding sites, as mutation hotspots that lead to aberrant translation. Furthermore, these polysome-shifting mutations exhibited considerable impact on RNA secondary structures, particularly for upstream AUG-containing 5 UTRs. Integrating these features, our model achieved high accuracy (AUROC > 0.8) in predicting polysome-shifting mutations in the test dataset. Additionally, several lines of evidence indicate that changes in uORF usage underlie the translation deficiency arising from these mutations. Illustrating this, we demonstrate that a pathogenic mutation in the IRF6 5 UTR suppresses translation of the primary open reading frame by creating a uORF. Remarkably, site- directed ADAR editing of the mutant mRNA rescued this translation deficiency. Overall, our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of UTR mutations and their links to clinical impacts through translation defects.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=187 SRC="FIGDIR/small/589132v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1000">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsieh, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, B.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589132</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively Parallel Polyribosome Profiling Reveals Translation Defects of Human Disease-Relevant UTR Mutations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CCDC113 stabilizes sperm axoneme and head-tail coupling apparatus to ensure male fertility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.12.589289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The structural integrity of the sperm is crucial for male fertility, defects in sperm head-tail linkage and flagellar axoneme are associated with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome (ASS) and the multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). Notably, impaired head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA) often accompanies defects in the flagellum structure, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we identified an evolutionarily conserved coiled-coil domain-containing (CCDC) protein, CCDC113, and found the disruption of CCDC113 produced spermatozoa with disorganized sperm flagella and HTCA, which caused male infertility. Further analysis revealed that CCDC113 could bind to CFAP57 and CFAP91, and function as an adaptor protein for the connection of radial spokes, nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) and doublet microtubules (DMTs) in the sperm axoneme. Moreover, CCDC113 was identified as a structural component of HTCA, collaborating with SUN5 and CENTLEIN to connect sperm head to tail during spermiogenesis. Together, our studies reveal that CCDC113 serve as a critical hub for sperm axoneme and HTCA stabilization, providing insights into the potential pathogenesis of infertility associated with human CCDC113 mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.12.589289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CCDC113 stabilizes sperm axoneme and head-tail coupling apparatus to ensure male fertility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MOL-AE: Auto-Encoder Based Molecular Representation Learning With 3D Cloze Test Objective 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
3D molecular representation learning has gained tremendous interest and achieved promising performance in various downstream tasks. A series of recent approaches follow a prevalent framework: an encoder-only model coupled with a coordinate denoising objective. However, through a series of analytical experiments, we prove that the encoderonly model with coordinate denoising objective exhibits inconsistency between pre-training and downstream objectives, as well as issues with disrupted atomic identifiers. To address these two issues, we propose MO_SCPLOWOLC_SCPLOW-AE for molecular representation learning, an auto-encoder model using positional encoding as atomic identifiers. We also propose a new training objective named 3D Cloze Test to make the model learn better atom spatial relationships from real molecular substructures. Empirical results demonstrate that MO_SCPLOWOLC_SCPLOW-AE achieves a large margin performance gain compared to the current state-of-the-art 3D molecular modeling approach. The source codes of MO_SCPLOWOLC_SCPLOW-AE are publicly available at https://github.com/yjwtheonly/MolAE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.13.589331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MOL-AE: Auto-Encoder Based Molecular Representation Learning With 3D Cloze Test Objective]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589342v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Machine learning driven image segmentation and shape clustering of algal microscopic images obtained from various water types 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.13.589342v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Algae and cyanobacteria are microorganisms found in almost all fresh and marine waters, where they can pose environmental and public health risks when they grow excessively and produce blooms. Accurate identification and quantification of these microorganisms are vital for ecological research, water quality monitoring, and public health safety. However, traditional methods of manually counting and morphologically identifying these microorganisms are time-consuming and prone to human error. Application of the machine learning-driven Fast Segment Anything Model (FastSAM), an image segmentation model, automates and potentially enhances the accuracy and efficiency of cell identification and enumeration from microscopic images. We assessed FastSAM for algal cell image segmentation, and three clustering evaluation metrics. Segmentation of microscopic images of algal and cyanobacterial cells in water and treated wastewater samples using the Convolutional Neural Network based FastSAM algorithm demonstrated benefits and challenges of this machine learning-driven image processing. Notably, the pre-trained algorithm segmented entire elements in all microscopic images used in this study. Depending on the shape, 50-100% similarity was observed between machine-based segmentation and manual validation of all segmented elements, with 100% of single cells being correctly segmented by FastSAM. The performance of clustering metrics varied between 57-94% with the Spectral Angle Mapper achieving the most accurate performance, 84-94%, compared to the manually chosen clustering benchmarks. Cyanobacterial and algal communities are biologically diverse and have ecological significance. The application of image clustering techniques in studying their cell shapes marks an important advancement in microbial ecology and environmental monitoring. As technology progresses, these methods will become increasingly utilised to decipher the complex roles that algae and cyanobacteria play in our ecosystems supporting mitigation and public health protection measures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nelli, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackall, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taheriashtiani, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumley, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grace, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jex, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertelkamp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crosbie, N. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zamyadi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.13.589342</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Machine learning driven image segmentation and shape clustering of algal microscopic images obtained from various water types]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The transcripts of a gastrula-premarked enhancer prime posterior tissue development through cross-talk with morphogen effector 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.14.589453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The regulatory mechanisms governing cell fate determination, particularly lineage diversification during mammalian embryonic development, remain poorly understood with in-depth regulatory paradigms yet to be fully elucidated. Here, leveraging the epigenetic landscape of mouse gastrula, we identified p-Enh, a pre-marked enhancer in primitive streak region, as pivotal regulator for posterior tissue development in mouse embryos. Morphological and single-cell transcriptomic analyses confirmed embryonic lethality phenotype with disrupted posterior tissue development trajectories in p-Enh-KO embryos. Molecularly, apart from regulating the neighboring coding-gene Cdx2 in cis, our findings suggest that p-Enh also modulate the global transcriptome and epigenomic landscape, which might through the transient production of eRNA in trans. Further investigation revealed p-Enh participate in the regulatory cascades of TGF-{beta} signaling. Chemical modulation of TGF-{beta} signaling can largely rescue the posterior development deficiency in in vitro gastruloids through a Cdx2-independent mechanism. Thus, we propose a potential model in which the broadly distributed p-Enh transcripts within the nucleus could serve as essential cross-modular coordinators, priming the posterior development of mouse embryo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.589453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The transcripts of a gastrula-premarked enhancer prime posterior tissue development through cross-talk with morphogen effector]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the variability among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in their responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Recognizing that patients with advanced-stage NSCLC rarely qualify for surgical interventions, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers that influence responses to ICI therapy. We conducted an analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from 33 lung cancer biopsy samples, with a particular focus on 14 core samples taken before the initiation of palliative ICI treatment. Our objective was to link tumor and immune cell profiles with patient responses to ICI. We discovered that ICI non-responders exhibited a higher presence of CD4+ regulatory T cells, resident memory T cells, and TH17 cells. This contrasts with the diverse activated CD8+ T cells found in responders. Furthermore, tumor cells in non-responders frequently showed heightened transcriptional activity in the NF-kB and STAT3 pathways, suggesting a potential inherent resistance to ICI therapy. Through the integration of immune cell profiles and tumor molecular signatures, we achieved an discriminative power (AUC) exceeding 95% in identifying patient responses to ICI treatment. These results underscore the crucial importance of the interplay between tumor and immune microenvironment, including within metastatic sites, in affecting the effectiveness of ICIs in NSCLC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eum, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synthetic G protein-coupled receptors for programmable sensing and control of cell behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synthetic receptors that mediate antigen-dependent cell responses are transforming therapeutics, drug discovery, and basic research. However, established technologies such as chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can only detect immobilized antigens, have limited output scope, and lack built-in drug control. Here, we engineer synthetic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) capable of driving a wide range of native or nonnative cellular processes in response to user-defined antigen. We achieve modular antigen gating by engineering and fusing a conditional auto-inhibitory domain onto GPCR scaffolds. Antigen binding to a fused nanobody relieves auto-inhibition and enables receptor activation by drug, thus generating Programmable Antigen-gated G protein-coupled Engineered Receptors (PAGERs). We create PAGERs responsive to more than a dozen biologically and therapeutically important soluble and cell surface antigens, in a single step, from corresponding nanobody binders. Different PAGER scaffolds permit antigen binding to drive transgene expression, real-time fluorescence, or endogenous G protein activation, enabling control of cytosolic Ca2+, lipid signaling, cAMP, and neuronal activity. Due to its modular design and generalizability, we expect PAGER to have broad utility in discovery and translational science.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kalogriopoulos, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ravalin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ting, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synthetic G protein-coupled receptors for programmable sensing and control of cell behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
That's not a Hybrid: How to Distinguish Patterns of Admixture and Isolation-by-Distance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.15.589658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Describing naturally occurring genetic variation is a fundamental goal of molecular phylogeography and population genetics. Popular methods for this task include STRUCTURE, a model-based algorithm that assigns individuals to genetic clusters, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a parameter-free method. The ability of STRUCTURE to infer mixed ancestry makes it popular for documenting natural hybridization, which is of considerable interest to evolutionary biologists, given that such systems provide a window into the speciation process. Yet STRUCTURE can produce misleading results when its underlying assumptions are violated, like when genetic variation is distributed continuously. To test the ability of STRUCTURE and PCA to accurately distinguish admixture from continuous variation, we use forward-time simulations to generate population genetic data under three demographic scenarios: two involving admixture and one with isolation-by-distance (IBD). STRUCTURE and PCA alone cannot distinguish admixture from IBD, but complementing these analyses with triangle plots, which visualize hybrid index against interclass heterozygosity, provides more accurate inference of demographic history. We demonstrate that triangle plots are robust to missing data, while STRUCTURE and PCA are not, and show that setting a low allele frequency difference threshold for AIM identification can accurately characterize the relationship between hybrid index and interclass heterozygosity across demographic histories of admixture and range expansion. While STRUCTURE and PCA provide useful summaries of genetic variation, results should be paired with triangle plots before admixture is inferred.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wiens, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.15.589658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[That's not a Hybrid: How to Distinguish Patterns of Admixture and Isolation-by-Distance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.587277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromatin-focused genetic and chemical screens identify BRPF1 as a targetable vulnerability in Taxol-resistant triple-negative breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.587277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) stands out as a particularly aggressive and frequently recurring form of breast cancer. Due to the absence of hormone receptors, the available treatment avenues are constrained, making chemotherapy the primary approach. Unfortunately, the development of resistance to chemotherapy poses a significant challenge, further restricting the already limited therapeutic alternatives for recurrent cases. Understanding the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance in TNBC is pivotal for improving treatment outcomes. Here, we generated two different Taxol-resistant TNBC cell lines with a dose-escalation method to mimic chemotherapy resistance in vitro. These cells exhibited hallmark features of resistance, including reduced cell growth, altered morphology, and evasion of apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis uncovered elevated ABCB1 expression and multidrug-resistant phenotype in the resistant cells. To comprehensively investigate the key epigenetic regulators of Taxol resistance, we conducted chromatin-focused genetic and chemical screens and pinpointed Bromodomain and PHD Finger Containing 1 (BRPF1) as a novel regulator of Taxol resistance in TNBC cells. Knockout of BRPF1, the reader protein in the MOZ/MORF histone acetyl-transferase complex, but not the other complex members, sensitized resistant cells to Taxol. Additionally, BRPF1 inhibitors, PFI-4 and OF-1, in combination with Taxol significantly reduced cell viability. Transcriptome analysis upon BRPF1 loss or inhibition revealed a negative impact on ribosome biogenesis-related gene sets, resulting in a global decrease in protein translation in Taxol-resistant cells. Our ChIP-qPCR analysis demonstrated that active BRPF1 directly interacts with the ABCB1 promoter, enhancing its expression towards inducing a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Conversely, knockout or inhibition of BRPF1 leads to decreased ABCB1 expression. This dual mechanism critically sensitizes Taxol-resistant TNBC cells to chemotherapy. Our findings uncover a comprehensive molecular framework, highlighting the pivotal role of epigenetic reader protein BRPF1 in Taxol resistance and providing potential avenues for therapeutic intervention in TNBC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yedier-Bayram, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cingoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinarbasi Degirmenci, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavga, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedeoglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cevatemre, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oppermann, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ACILAN AYHAN, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.587277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromatin-focused genetic and chemical screens identify BRPF1 as a targetable vulnerability in Taxol-resistant triple-negative breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Omics after O-GlcNAc Alteration Identifies Cellular Processes Working Synergistically to Promote Aneuploidy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pharmacologic or genetic manipulation of O-GlcNAcylation, an intracellular, single sugar post-translational modification, are difficult to interpret due to the pleotropic nature of O-GlcNAc and the vast signaling pathways it regulates. To address this issue, we employed either OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase), OGA (O-GlcNAcase) liver knockouts, or pharmacological inhibition of OGA coupled with multi-Omics analysis and bioinformatics. We identified numerous genes, proteins, phospho-proteins, or metabolites that were either inversely or equivalently changed between conditions. Moreover, we identified pathways in OGT knockout samples associated with increased aneuploidy. To test and validate these pathways, we induced liver growth in OGT knockouts by partial hepatectomy. OGT knockout livers showed a robust aneuploidy phenotype with disruptions in mitosis, nutrient sensing, protein metabolism/amino acid metabolism, stress response, and HIPPO signaling demonstrating how OGT is essential in controlling aneuploidy pathways. Moreover, these data show how a multi-Omics platform can discern how OGT can synergistically fine-tune multiple cellular pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Boyd, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robarts, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alghusen, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kotulkar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fedoosyuk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whelan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanover, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McGreal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Artigues, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apte, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Omics after O-GlcNAc Alteration Identifies Cellular Processes Working Synergistically to Promote Aneuploidy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A generalized framework to identify SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) are used to treat and prevent COVID-19. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives continuous escape from therapeutic mAbs. Therefore, the ability to identify broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against future variants is needed. Here, we use deep mutational scanning (DMS) to predict viral RBD evolution and to select for mAbs neutralizing both existing and prospective variants. A retrospective analysis of 1,103 SARS-CoV-2 wildtype-elicited mAbs shows that this method can increase the probability of identifying effective bnAbs against the XBB.1.5 strain from 1% to 40% in an early pandemic setup. Among these bnAbs, BD55-1205 exhibited potent activity against all tested variants. Cryo-EM structural analyses revealed the receptor mimicry of BD55-1205, explaining its broad reactivity. Delivery of mRNA-LNPs encoding BD55-1205-IgG in mice resulted in ~5,000 serum NT50 against XBB.1.5, HK.3.1, and JN.1 variants. Combining bnAb identification using viral evolution prediction with the versatility of mRNA delivery technology can enable rapid development of next-generation antibody-based countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other pathogens with pandemic potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wec, A. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berrueta, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Speidel, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pecetta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A generalized framework to identify SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
X-ray Crystallographic and Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Studies Confirm Alternate Kinetic Models for Homolog Insulin Monomers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the crucial role of various insulin analogs in achieving satisfactory glycemic control, a comprehensive understanding of their in-solution dynamic mechanisms still holds the potential to further optimize rapid insulin analogs, thus significantly improving the well-being of individuals with Type 1 Diabetes. Here, we employed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to decipher the molecular dynamics of newly modified and functional insulin analog. A comparative analysis of H/D dynamics demonstrated that the modified insulin exchanges deuterium atoms faster and more extensively than the intact insulin aspart. Additionally, we present new insights derived from our 2.5 [A] resolution X-ray crystal structure of modified hexamer insulin analog at ambient temperature. Furthermore, we obtained a distinctive side-chain conformation of the Asn3 residue on the B chain (AsnB3) by operating a comparative analysis with a previously available cryogenic rapid-acting insulin structure (PDB_ID: 4GBN). The experimental conclusions have demonstrated compatibility with modified insulins distinct cellular activity, comparably to aspart. Additionally, the hybrid structural approach combined with computational analysis employed in this study provides novel insight into the structural dynamics of newly modified and functional insulin vs insulin aspart monomeric entities. It allows further molecular understanding of intermolecular interrelations driving dissociation kinetics and, therefore, a fast action mechanism.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turk, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tatli, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Telek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dingiloglu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinler Doganay, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[X-ray Crystallographic and Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange Studies Confirm Alternate Kinetic Models for Homolog Insulin Monomers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589786v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable memory modulation mechanisms facilitate fear amnesia at different timescales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.16.589786v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory reactivation renders consolidated memory fragile and thereby opens the window for memory updates, such as memory reconsolidation. However, whether memory retrieval facilitates update mechanisms other than memory reconsolidation remains unclear. We tested this hypothesis in three experiments with healthy human participants. First, we demonstrate that memory retrieval-extinction protocol prevents the return of fear expression shortly after extinction training and this short-term effect is memory reactivation dependent (Study 1, N = 57 adults). Furthermore, across different timescales, the memory retrieval-extinction paradigm triggers distinct types of fear amnesia in terms of cue-specificity and cognitive control dependence, suggesting that the short-term fear amnesia might be caused by different mechanisms from the cue-specific amnesia at a longer and separable timescale (Study 2, N = 79 adults). Finally, using continuous theta-burst stimulation (Study 3, N = 75 adults), we directly manipulated brain activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and found that both memory reactivation and intact prefrontal cortex function were necessary for the short-term fear amnesia after the retrieval-extinction protocol. The differences in temporal scale, cue-specificity, and cognitive control ability dependence between the short- and long-term amnesia suggest that memory retrieval and extinction training trigger distinct underlying memory update mechanisms. These findings suggest the potential involvement of coordinated memory modulation processes upon memory retrieval and may inform clinical approaches for addressing persistent maladaptive memories.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiller, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.16.589786</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable memory modulation mechanisms facilitate fear amnesia at different timescales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ProLLM: Protein Chain-of-Thoughts Enhanced LLM for Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prediction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is crucial for understanding biological functions and diseases. Previous machine learning approaches to PPI prediction mainly focus on direct physical interactions, ignoring the broader context of nonphysical connections through intermediate proteins, thus limiting their effectiveness. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) provides a new opportunity for addressing this complex biological challenge. By transforming structured data into natural language prompts, we can map the relationships between proteins into texts. This approach allows LLMs to identify indirect connections between proteins, tracing the path from upstream to downstream. Therefore, we propose a novel framework ProLLM that employs an LLM tailored for PPI for the first time. Specifically, we propose Protein Chain of Thought (ProCoT), which replicates the biological mechanism of signaling pathways as natural language prompts. ProCoT considers a signaling pathway as a protein reasoning process, which starts from upstream proteins and passes through several intermediate proteins to transmit biological signals to downstream proteins. Thus, we can use ProCoT to predict the interaction between upstream proteins and downstream proteins. The training of ProLLM employs the ProCoT format, which enhances the models understanding of complex biological problems. In addition to ProCoT, this paper also contributes to the exploration of embedding replacement of protein sites in natural language prompts, and instruction fine-tuning in protein knowledge datasets. We demonstrate the efficacy of ProLLM through rigorous validation against benchmark datasets, showing significant improvement over existing methods in terms of prediction accuracy and generalizability. Our results highlight the potential of LLMs to transform the field of PPI, serving as a robust potential tool for various categories of biological and medical research. The code is available at: https://github.com/MingyuJ666/ProLLM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haochen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ProLLM: Protein Chain-of-Thoughts Enhanced LLM for Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nrf2 regulates the activation-driven expansion of CD4+ T-cells by differentially modulating glucose and glutamine metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SUMMARYUpon antigenic stimulation, CD4+T-cells undergo clonal expansion, elevating their bioenergetic demands and utilization of nutrients like glucose and glutamine. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-known regulator of oxidative stress, but its involvement in modulating the metabolism of CD4+T-cells remains unexplored. Here, we elucidate the role of Nrf2 beyond the traditional antioxidation, in modulating activation-driven expansion of CD4+T-cells by influencing their nutrient metabolism. T-cell-specific activation of Nrf2 enhances early activation and IL-2 secretion, upregulates TCR-signaling, and increases activation-driven proliferation of CD4+T-cells. Mechanistically, high Nrf2 inhibits glucose metabolism through glycolysis but promotes glutamine metabolism via glutaminolysis to support increased T-cell proliferation. Further, Nrf2 expression is temporally regulated in activated CD4+T-cells with elevated expression during the early activation, but decreased expression thereafter. Overall, our findings uncover a novel role of Nrf2 as a metabolic modulator of CD4+T-cells, thus providing a framework for improving Nrf2-targeting therapies and T-cell immunotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pant, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bugbee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yellapu, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, B. H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyaram, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nrf2 regulates the activation-driven expansion of CD4+ T-cells by differentially modulating glucose and glutamine metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome profiling using machine learning shows a unique protein signature associated with APOE4 genotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.18.590160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
INTRODUCTIONProteome changes associated with APOE4 variant carriage that are independent of Alzheimers disease (AD) pathology and diagnosis are unknown. This study investigated APOE4 proteome changes in people with AD, mild cognitive impairment, and no impairment.

METHODSClinical, APOE genotype, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome and AD biomarker data was sourced from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Proteome profiling was done using supervised machine learning.

RESULTSWe found an APOE4-specific proteome signature that was independent of cognitive diagnosis and AD pathological biomarkers, and increased risk of progression to cognitive impairment. Proteins were enriched in brain regions including the caudate and cortex and cells including endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Enriched peripheral immune cells included T cells, macrophages, and B cells.

DISCUSSIONAPOE4 carriers have a unique CSF proteome signature associated with a strong brain and peripheral immune and inflammatory phenotype that likely underlies APOE4 carriers vulnerability to cognitive decline and AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shvetcov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, A.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finney, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.18.590160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cerebrospinal fluid proteome profiling using machine learning shows a unique protein signature associated with APOE4 genotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Humoral immunogenicity comparison of XBB and JN.1 in human infections 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.19.590276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the emergence of the BA.2.86/JN.1 lineage replacing XBB lineages, necessitates re-evaluation of current vaccine compositions. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the humoral immune response to XBB and JN.1 human exposures, emphasizing the need for JN.1-lineage-based boosters. We demonstrate the antigenic distinctiveness of XBB and JN.1 lineages in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals but not in those with prior vaccinations or infections, and JN.1 infection elicits superior plasma neutralization titers against its subvariants. We highlight the strong immune evasion and receptor binding capability of KP.3, supporting its foreseeable prevalence. Extensive analysis of the BCR repertoire, isolating [~]2000 RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with their targeting epitopes characterized by deep mutational scanning (DMS), underscores the systematic superiority of JN.1-elicited memory B cells (MBCs). Notably, Class 1 IGHV3-53/3-66-derived neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) contribute majorly within wildtype (WT)-reactive NAbs against JN.1. However, KP.2 and KP.3 evade a substantial subset of them, even those induced by JN.1, advocating for booster updates to KP.3 for optimized enrichment. JN.1-induced Omicron-specific antibodies also demonstrate high potency across all Omicron lineages. Escape hotspots of these NAbs have mainly been mutated in Omicron RBD, resulting in higher immune barrier to escape, considering the probable recovery of previously escaped NAbs. Additionally, the prevalence of broadly reactive IGHV3-53/3-66- encoding antibodies and MBCs, and their capability of competing with all Omicron-specific NAbs suggests their inhibitory role on the de novo activation of Omicron-specific naive B cells, potentially explaining the heavy immune imprinting in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. These findings delineate the evolving antibody response to Omicron antigenic shift from XBB to JN.1, and highlight the importance of developing JN.1 lineage, especially KP.3-based vaccine boosters, to enhance humoral immunity against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Humoral immunogenicity comparison of XBB and JN.1 in human infections]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.21.590488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Directed differentiation of functional corticospinal-like neurons from endogenous SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.21.590488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Corticospinal neurons (CSN) centrally degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), along with spinal motor neurons, and loss of voluntary motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI) results from damage to CSN axons. For functional regeneration of specifically affected neuronal circuitry in vivo, or for optimally informative disease modeling and/or therapeutic screening in vitro, it is important to reproduce the type or subtype of neurons involved. No such appropriate in vitro models exist with which to investigate CSN selective vulnerability and degeneration in ALS, or to investigate routes to regeneration of CSN circuitry for ALS or SCI, critically limiting the relevance of much research. Here, we identify that the HMG-domain transcription factor Sox6 is expressed by a subset of NG2+ endogenous cortical progenitors in postnatal and adult cortex, and that Sox6 suppresses a latent neurogenic program by repressing proneural Neurog2 expression by progenitors. We FACS-purify these progenitors from postnatal mouse cortex and establish a culture system to investigate their potential for directed differentiation into CSN. We then employ a multi-component construct with complementary and differentiation-sharpening transcriptional controls (activating Neurog2, Fezf2, while antagonizing Olig2 with VP16:Olig2). We generate corticospinal-like neurons from SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors, and find that these neurons differentiate with remarkable fidelity compared with corticospinal neurons in vivo. They possess appropriate morphological, molecular, transcriptomic, and electrophysiological characteristics, without characteristics of the alternate intracortical or other neuronal subtypes. We identify that these critical specifics of differentiation are not reproduced by commonly employed Neurog2-driven differentiation. Neurons induced by Neurog2 instead exhibit aberrant multi-axon morphology and express molecular hallmarks of alternate cortical projection subtypes, often in mixed form. Together, this developmentally-based directed differentiation from cortical progenitors sets a precedent and foundation for in vitro mechanistic and therapeutic disease modeling, and toward regenerative neuronal repopulation and circuit repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmanabhan, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shipman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azim, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadegh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macklis, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.21.590488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Directed differentiation of functional corticospinal-like neurons from endogenous SOX6+/NG2+ cortical progenitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.589759v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Time-resolved function of cell polarity kinases PRKCZ and PRKCI in CNS myelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.589759v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is a critical component of the PAR polarity complex, as well as of cell polarity in general. There are two paralogs of aPKC in the mammalian genome. Their expression pattern and functional role in oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation and development remains heretofore uncharacterized. Here we show that both paralogs of aPKC - PRKCI, the primary transcript of Prkci and PKMz, an alternate transcript of Prkcz - are expressed during oligodendrocyte differentiation, yet are functionally non-redundant. Asymmetric cell division and early specification of the oligodendrocyte fate stage required both paralogs. By contrast, the stage of oligodendrocyte maturation involving membrane polarization and myelination of axons continued to require PKMz, but no longer needed PRKCI. Taken together, our results indicate to a two-stage role of aPKCs and cell polarity in oligodendrocyte differentiation and development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mercau, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackbarth, R.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basu, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothlin, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.589759</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Time-resolved function of cell polarity kinases PRKCZ and PRKCI in CNS myelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590555v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy gradually perturbs the cortex-wide excitation-inhibition balance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590555v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWExcitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is theorized as a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, with a mounting body of previous research focusing on elucidating its cellular manifestations. However, there are limited studies into E/I imbalance at macroscale and its microcircuit-level mechanisms and clinical associations. In our current work, we computed the Hurst exponent--a previously validated index of the E/I ratio--from resting-state fMRI time series, and simulated microcircuit parameters using biophysical computational models. We found a broad reduction in the Hurst exponent in pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), indicative of a shift towards more excitable network dynamics. Connectome decoders pointed to temporolimbic and frontocentral areas as plausible network epicenters of E/I imbalance. Computational simulations further revealed that enhancing cortical excitability in patients likely reflected atypical increases in recurrent connection strength of local neuronal ensembles. Moreover, mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed heightened E/I elevation in patients with longer disease duration, more frequent electroclinical seizures and inter-ictal epileptic spikes, and worse cognitive functioning. Replicated in an independent dataset, our work provides compelling in-vivo evidence of a macroscale shift in E/I balance in TLE patients that undergoes progressive changes and underpins cognitive impairments, potentially informing treatment strategies targeting E/I mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Royer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rodriguez-Cruces, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horwood, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ngo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arafat, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Auer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahlas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valk, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frauscher, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pana, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasconi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Concha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernhardt, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590555</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy gradually perturbs the cortex-wide excitation-inhibition balance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Towards anchoring evolutionary fitness for protein stability with virtual chemical environment recovery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.22.590665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the protein stability changes upon mutations is one of the effective ways to improve the efficiency of protein engineering. Here, we propose a dual-view ensemble learning-based framework, DVE-stability, for mutation-induced protein stability change prediction from single sequence. DVE-stability integrates the global and local dependencies of mutations to capture the intramolecular interactions from two views through ensemble learning, in which a structural microenvironment simulation module is designed to indirectly introduce the information of structural microenvironment at the sequence level. DVE-stability achieved state-of-the-art prediction performance on 7 single-point mutation benchmark datasets, and comprehensively surpassed other methods on 5 of them. Furthermore, DVE-stability outperformed other methods comprehensively through zero-shot inference on multiple-point mutation prediction task, demonstrating superior model generalizability to capture the epistasis of multiple-point mutations. More importantly, DVE-stability exhibited superior generalization performance in predicting rare beneficial mutations that are crucial for practical protein directed evolution scenarios. In addition, DVE-stability identified important intramolecular interactions via attention scores, demonstrating interpretable. Overall, DVE-stability provides a flexible and efficient tool for mutation-induced protein stability change prediction in an interpretable ensemble learning manner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.22.590665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Towards anchoring evolutionary fitness for protein stability with virtual chemical environment recovery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Short- and long-range roles of UNC-6/Netrin in dorsal-ventral axon guidance in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.23.590737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies in vertebrates and Caenorhabditis elegans have reshaped models of how the axon guidance cue UNC-6/Netrin functions in dorsal-ventral axon guidance, which was traditionally thought to form a ventral-to-dorsal concentration gradient that was actively sensed by growing axons. In the vertebrate spinal cord, floorplate Netrin1 was shown to be largely dispensable for ventral commissural growth. Rather, short range interactions with Netrin1 on the ventricular zone radial glial stem cells was shown to guide ventral commissural axon growth. In C. elegans, analysis of dorsally-migrating growth cones during outgrowth has shown that growth cone polarity of filopodial extension is separable from the extent of growth cone protrusion. Growth cones are first polarized by UNC-6/Netrin, and subsequent regulation of protrusion by UNC-6/Netrin is based on this earlier-established polarity (the Polarity/Protrusion model). In both cases, short-range or even haptotactic mechanisms are invoked: in vertebrate spinal cord, interactions of growth cones with radial glia expressing Netrin-1; and in C. elegans, a potential close-range interaction that polarizes the growth cone. To explore potential short-range and long-range functions of UNC-6/Netrin, a potentially membrane-anchored transmembrane UNC-6 (UNC-6(TM)) was generated by genome editing. unc-6(tm) was hypomorphic for dorsal VD/DD axon pathfinding, indicating that it retained some unc-6 function. Polarity of VD growth cone filopodial protrusion was initially established in unc-6(tm), but was lost as the growth cones migrated away from the unc-6(tm) source in the ventral nerve cord. In contrast, ventral guidance of the AVM and PVM axons was equally severe in unc-6(tm) and unc-6(null). Together, these results suggest that unc-6(tm) retains short-range functions but lacks long-range functions. Finally, ectopic unc-6(+) expression from non-ventral sources could rescue dorsal and ventral guidance defects in unc-6(tm) and unc-6(null). Thus, a ventral directional source of UNC-6 was not required for dorsal-ventral axon guidance, and UNC-6 can act as a permissive, not instructive, cue for dorsal-ventral axon guidance. Possibly, UNC-6 is a permissive signal that activates cell-intrinsic polarity; or UNC-6 acts with another signal that is required in a directional manner. In either case, the role of UNC-6 is to polarize the pro-protrusive activity of UNC-40/DCC in the direction of outgrowth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hooper, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.23.590737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Short- and long-range roles of UNC-6/Netrin in dorsal-ventral axon guidance in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.591030v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR screens reveal convergent targeting strategies against evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance in cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.24.591030v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Resistance to chemotherapy has been a major hurdle that limits therapeutic benefits for many types of cancer. Here we systematically identify genetic drivers underlying chemoresistance by performing 30 genome-scale CRISPR knockout screens for seven chemotherapeutic agents in multiple cancer cells. Chemoresistance genes vary between conditions primarily due to distinct genetic background and mechanism of action of drugs, manifesting heterogeneous and multiplexed routes towards chemoresistance. By focusing on oxaliplatin and irinotecan resistance in colorectal cancer, we unravel that evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance can share consensus vulnerabilities identified by 26 second-round CRISPR screens with druggable gene library. We further pinpoint PLK4 as a therapeutic target to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in various models via genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition, highlighting a single-agent strategy to antagonize evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance. Our study not only provides resources and insights into the molecular basis of chemoresistance, but also proposes potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against such resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.24.591030</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR screens reveal convergent targeting strategies against evolutionarily distinct chemoresistance in cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591036v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Massively parallel interrogation of human functional variants modulating cancer immunosurveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591036v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized clinical cancer treatment, while abnormal PD-L1 or HLA-I expression in patients can significantly impact the therapeutic efficacy. Somatic mutations in cancer cells that modulate these critical immune regulators are closely associated with tumor progression and ICB response. However, a systematic interpretation of cancer immune-related mutations is still lacking. Here, we harnessed the ABEmax system to establish a large-scale sgRNA library encompassing approximately 820,000 sgRNAs that target all feasible Serine/Threonine/Tyrosine residues across the human genome, which systematically unveiled thousands of novel mutations that decrease or augment PD-L1 or HLA-I expression. Notably, we revealed functional mutations that co-regulate PD-L1 and HLA-I expression, represented by the clinically relevant mutation SETD2_Y1666, and verified that it can benefit from immunotherapy in vivo. Our findings generate an unprecedented resource of functional residues regulating cancer immunosurveillance, meanwhile, offer valuable guidance for clinical diagnosis, ICB therapy, and the development of innovative drugs in cancer treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591036</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Massively parallel interrogation of human functional variants modulating cancer immunosurveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An ingestible, battery-free, tissue-adhering robotic interface for non-invasive and chronic electrostimulation of the gut 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ingestible electronics have the capacity to transform our ability to effectively diagnose and potentially treat a broad set of conditions. Current applications could be significantly enhanced by addressing poor electrode-tissue contact, lack of navigation, short dwell time, and limited battery life. Here we report the development of an ingestible, battery-free, and tissue-adhering robotic interface (IngRI) for non-invasive and chronic electrostimulation of the gut, which addresses challenges associated with contact, navigation, retention, and powering (C-N-R-P) faced by existing ingestibles. We show that near-field inductive coupling operating near 13.56 MHz was sufficient to power and modulate the IngRI to deliver therapeutically relevant electrostimulation, which can be further enhanced by a bio-inspired, hydrogel-enabled adhesive interface. In swine models, we demonstrated the electrical interaction of IngRI with the gastric mucosa by recording conductive signaling from the subcutaneous space. We further observed changes in plasma ghrelin levels, the "hunger hormone," while IngRI was activated in vivo, demonstrating its clinical potential in regulating appetite and treating other endocrine conditions. The results of this study suggest that concepts inspired by soft and wireless skin-interfacing electronic devices can be applied to ingestible electronics with potential clinical applications for evaluating and treating gastrointestinal conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McRae, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feig, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenkins, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishida, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuosmanen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madani, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayward, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramadi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Traverso, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An ingestible, battery-free, tissue-adhering robotic interface for non-invasive and chronic electrostimulation of the gut]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591227v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.25.591227v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culture can shape memory, but little research investigates age effects. The present study examines the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. Results show that age and culture impact discrimination of old from new items. Taiwanese performed worse than Americans, with age effects more pronounced for Taiwanese. Americans activated the hippocampus for new more than old items, but pattern of activity for the conditions did not differ for Taiwanese, nor did it interact with age. The engagement of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) differed across cultures. Patterns of greater activity for old (for Americans) or new (for Taiwanese) items were eliminated with age, particularly for older Americans. The results are interpreted as reflecting cultural differences in orientation to novelty vs. familiarity for younger, but not older, adults, with the LIFG supporting interference resolution at retrieval. Support is not as strong for cultural differences in pattern separation processes. Although Americans had higher levels of memory discrimination than Taiwanese and engaged the LIFG for correct rejections more than false alarms, the patterns of behavior and neural activity did not interact with culture and age. Neither culture nor age impacted hippocampal activity, which is surprising given the regions role in pattern separation. The findings suggest ways in which cultural life experiences and concomitant information processing strategies can contribute to consistent effects of age across cultures or contribute to different trajectories with age in terms of memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cho, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leger, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valoumas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mair, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goh, J. O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gutchess, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591227</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PARP14 is pro- and anti-viral host factor that promotes IFN production and affects the replication of multiple viruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PARP14 is a 203 kDa multi-domain protein that is primarily known as an ADP-ribosyltransferase, and is involved in a variety of cellular functions including DNA damage, microglial activation, inflammation, and cancer progression. In addition, PARP14 is upregulated by interferon (IFN), indicating a role in the antiviral response. Furthermore, PARP14 has evolved under positive selection, again indicating that it is involved in host-pathogen conflict. We found that PARP14 is required for increased IFN-I production in response to coronavirus infection lacking ADP-ribosylhydrolase (ARH) activity and poly(I:C), however, whether it has direct antiviral function remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of PARP14 enhances IFN-{beta} and IFN-{lambda} responses and restricts ARH-deficient murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. To determine if PARP14s antiviral functions extended beyond CoVs, we tested the ability of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a DNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-sense RNA virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), an ambisense RNA virus, to infect A549 PARP14 knockout (KO) cells. While LCMV infection was unaffected, HSV-1 replication was increased in PARP14 KO cells and VSV replication was decreased. These results indicate that PARP14 restricts HSV-1 replication but enhances the replication of VSV. A PARP14 active site inhibitor had no impact on HSV-1 or VSV replication, indicating that its effect on these viruses was independent of its catalytic activity. These data demonstrate that PARP14 promotes IFN production and has both proviral and antiviral functions targeting multiple viruses.

IMPORTANCEThe antiviral response is largely regulated by post-translation modifications (PTM), including ADP-ribosylation. PARP14 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase that is upregulated by interferon and is under positive selection, indicating that it is involved in host-pathogen conflict. However, no anti-viral function has been described for PARP14. Here, we found that PARP14 represses both coronavirus and HSV-1 replication, demonstrating that PARP14 has antiviral functions. Surprisingly, we also found that PARP14 also has pro-viral functions, as it was critical for the efficient replication of VSV. These data indicate that PARP14 has both proviral and antiviral functions. Defining the mechanisms used by PARP14 to both repress and promote virus replication will provide new insights into how PARPs regulate virus infection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parthasarathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenjamsai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferkul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suder, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bejan, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarting, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aikawa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhlberger, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orozco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sullivan, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davido, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hume, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PARP14 is pro- and anti-viral host factor that promotes IFN production and affects the replication of multiple viruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591277v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enteropathogenic Providencia alcalifaciens: A subgroup of P. alcalifaciens that causes diarrhea. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.591277v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Even though Providencia alcalifaciens is considered as a normal flora of the large intestine, there are reports of it causing diarrhea. In a previous study, a strain, 2939/90 obtained as a pure stool culture from a dead diarrheal patient was shown to cause invasion and actin condensation in mammalian cells, and diarrhea in a rabbit model. In a subsequent study, four TnphoA mutants of 2939/90 produced negligible invasion and actin condensation in mammalian cells. In the present study, the parent strain was sequenced by short-read and long-read sequencing, and the mutants by short read sequencing. In all four mutants, a TnphoA insertion was detected in the type three secretion system (T3SS) locus present on the largest of four plasmids (p2939_90_1) and not in a seemingly independent, functional T3SS locus on the chromosome. A survey of 52 genomes of P. alcalifaciens available in the public database identified the chromosomal T3SS locus in all strains, including both P. alcalifaciens genomic clades that we have classified as (group A) and (group B); a highly related gene layout and gene synteny flanking the locus suggested that these chromosomal loci are orthologous. There is a low sequence similarity between the chromosomal and plasmid-borne T3SS; a survey of plasmid T3SS showed its presence in only 21 of 52 genomes and mostly in group A genomes. Group A included several isolates from an outbreak of haemorrhagic diarrhea in dogs. Using prediction software (EffectiveDB), we detected several known and unknown effectors flanking the plasmid T3SS locus. The observation that TnphoA insertion only in the plasmid T3SS locus affected the invasion phenotype suggested that this locus is critical for causation of diarrhea. This leads us to conclude that a subgroup of P. alcalifaciens that possesses this plasmid-borne T3SS locus (in the case of strain, 2939/90) can cause diarrheal disease. We name this subgroup as enteropathogenic P. alcalifaciens (EPA). EPA should be included in future studies of etiology of diarrhea. A unique sequence that may be present in the T3SS locus in the plasmid may be investigated as a marker in a simple molecular test for diagnosis of EPA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bulach, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, G. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albert, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.26.591277</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enteropathogenic Providencia alcalifaciens: A subgroup of P. alcalifaciens that causes diarrhea.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591437v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial stress granule protects mRNA through ribonucleases exclusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.27.591437v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Membraneless droplets formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of ribonucleoprotein particles contribute to mRNA storage in eukaryotic cells. How such aggresomes contribute to mRNA dynamics under stress, and their functional role, is less understood in bacteria. Here we used multiple approaches including live-cell imaging, polymer physics modelling and transcriptomics to show that prolonged stress leading to ATP depletion in Escherichia coli results in increased aggresome formation, compaction, and selective mRNA enrichment within these aggresomes. Longer transcripts accumulate more in aggresomes than in the cytosol.

Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies showed that mRNA ribonucleases are excluded from aggresomes due to electrostatic repulsion arising from their negative surface charges. Experiments with fluorescent reporters and disruption of aggresome formation showed that mRNA storage within aggresomes promoted rapid translation reactivation and associated with reduced lag phases during growth after stress removal. Our findings suggest that mRNA storage within aggresomes confers an advantage for bacterial survival and recovery from stress.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pei, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaefer, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syeda, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.27.591437</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial stress granule protects mRNA through ribonucleases exclusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative investigations of cellular dynamics in the development of medusae (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.28.591574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Medusozoans are characterized by the presence of a medusa (jellyfish) stage as part of the life cycle. Despite being a prominent trait in medusozoan evolution, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of this life cycle stage are poorly understood. Characterizing cell proliferation, cell migration and programmed cell death in several disparate species, we found that the development of the medusa displays distinct cellular mechanisms between the scyphozoan and hydrozoan lineages. Using Edu labeling, hydroxyurea treatments and cell tracing we found that in hydrozoans, the development of the medusa relies on extensive cell migration and a distinct pattern of cell proliferation. Using TUNEL assays and pan-caspase inhibitor treatments, we found that in all surveyed hydrozoans apoptosis does not play a role in the development or release of medusa. By contrast, the surveyed scyphozoan medusae undergo extensive apoptosis, and subsequent cell proliferation is required for the formation of the medusa and many of their adult structures. Our results suggest that the difference in medusa developmental trajectories between scyphozoans and hydrozoans stems from distinct cellular mechanisms. Characterization of the medusa stage at different levels of biological organization is thus required to investigate the origin of this complex life cycle stage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Travert, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winata, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-04-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.28.591574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative investigations of cellular dynamics in the development of medusae (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-04-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Double training reveals an interval-invariant subsecond temporal structure in the brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.30.591981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Subsecond temporal perception is critical for understanding time-varying events. Many studies suggest that subsecond timing is an intrinsic property of neural dynamics, distributed across sensory modalities and brain areas. Furthermore, we hypothesize the existence of a more abstract and conceptual representation of subsecond time, which may guide the temporal processing of distributed mechanisms. However, one major challenge to this hypothesis is that learning in temporal interval discrimination (TID) consistently fails to transfer from trained intervals to untrained intervals. To address this issue, here we examined whether this interval specificity can be removed with double training, a procedure we originally created to eliminate various specificities in visual perceptual learning. Specifically, participants practiced the primary TID task, the learning of which per se was specific to the trained interval (e.g., 100 ms). In addition, they also received exposure to a new interval (e.g., 200 ms) through a secondary and functionally independent tone-frequency discrimination (FD) task. This double training successfully enabled complete transfer of TID learning to the new interval, indicating that training improved an interval-invariant component of temporal interval perception, which supports our general proposal of an abstract and conceptual representation of subsecond time in the brain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.04.30.591981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Double training reveals an interval-invariant subsecond temporal structure in the brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.591645v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PhaSeDis: A Manually Curated Database of Phase Separation-Disease Associations and Corresponding Small Molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.591645v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomacromolecules form membraneless organelles through liquid-liquid phase separation in order to regulate the efficiency of particular biochemical reactions. Dysregulation of phase separation might result in pathological condensation or sequestration of biomolecules, leading to diseases. Thus, phase separation and phase separating factors may serve as drug targets for disease treatment. Nevertheless, such associations have not yet been integrated into phase separation related databases. Therefore, based on MloDisDB, a database for membraneless organelle factor-disease association previously developed by our lab, we constructed PhaSeDis, the phase separation-disease association database. We increased the number of phase separation entries from 52 to 185, and supplemented the evidence provided by the original article verifying the phase separation nature of the factors. Moreover, we included the information of interacting small molecules with low or high-throughput evidence that might serve as potential drugs for phase separation entries. PhaSeDis strives to offer comprehensive descriptions of each entry, elucidating how phase separating factors induce pathological conditions via phase separation and the mechanisms by which small molecules intervene. We believe that PhaSeDis would be very important in the application of phase separation regulation in treating related diseases. PhaSeDis is available at http://mlodis.phasep.pro.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanghong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.591645</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PhaSeDis: A Manually Curated Database of Phase Separation-Disease Associations and Corresponding Small Molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-occurring Mutations in Different Genes Can Fuel Oncogenic Signaling and Serve as Metastatic Tumor Markers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.01.592039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interrogation of big genomic data and integration with large-scale protein-protein interaction networks and pathways, can provide deep patterns that are rare- yet can prompt dramatic phenotypic alterations and serve as clinical signatures. Mapping cancer-specific co-occurring mutation-pair signatures, in primary and metastatic tumors, is indispensable in precision oncology. The additivity of co-occurring driver mutations in different genes (in trans) can lead to powerful proliferation signals. Co-occurring rare in trans combinations can serve as metastasis markers; excluded combinations may indicate candidates for oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a tumor-suppressive mechanism. Our statistical framework of the pan-cancer mutation profiles of [~]60,000 tumor sequences from the TCGA and AACR GENIE databases, identified 3424 statistically significant different double mutations in non-redundant pathways, that is, have different downstream targets that may promote specific cancers through single or multiple pathways. Our analysis indicates that they are mostly in primary tumors. We list actionable in trans mutations for 2385 metastatic tumors and provide co-occurrence trees of metastatic breast- cancer markers. This innovative work clarifies the mechanistic conceptual basis and establishes the first of its kind tool for identifying and predicting metastasis. Crucially, when coupled with their proliferative functions and pathways, and linked with drugs, it could provide an invaluable metastasis-targeting resource.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yavuz, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nussinov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.01.592039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-occurring Mutations in Different Genes Can Fuel Oncogenic Signaling and Serve as Metastatic Tumor Markers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.592293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics Unveils Distinct Metabolite Profiles in Parkinson Disease Subtypes: A Focus on idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.02.592293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundParkinsons disease (PD) is characterized by diverse clinical presentations and etiological complexities, with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) serving as a prodromal marker. While extensive unbiased metabolic profiling of plasma samples from PD subjects has been conducted to identify novel PD metabolic biomarkers, comprehensive metabolic profiling of PD subtypes based on RBD status remains limited.

MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive metabolic profiling of PD subtypes at disease onset, considering the presence or absence of RBD, utilizing an untargeted metabolomics approach. Plasma samples were collected from subjects with PD with and without RBD at the initial stages of disease, idiopathic RBD, and healthy controls to elucidate similarities and differences among PD subtypes. Based on ordination analysis and metabolome-wide association study (Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and generalized fold changes), we identified specific groups of metabolites enriched in the PD_Only group and RBD groups (iRBD & PD_RBD+), with few metabolites shared between groups. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis (hypergeometric tests) identified specific groups enriched with metabolites from specific origins and associated biospecimens, as well as disease-associated metabolites. Finally, we evaluated the biomarker potential of the identified disease metabolites by ROC curves and proposed logistic regression models of key biomarkers and clinical parameters for predicting disease status.

ResultsMetabolomic analysis revealed distinct metabolic profiles between PD subtypes with and without RBD. Our analysis confirmed previously reported PD metabolic markers, such as a reduction in caffeine and urate, as well as an increase in cortisol, secondary bile acids, and p-cresol sulfate. However, our stratified analyses based on the presence of RBD discriminated RBD-associated metabolites from those associated with PD_Only (without RBD). PD patients with RBD exhibited enrichment of gut microbial-origin metabolites, including secondary bile acids and p-cresol sulfate, compared to PD patients without RBD. Conversely, metabolites associated with neuro-psychiatric diseases were enriched in PD patients without RBD.

ConclusionsOur study elucidates the heterogeneous nature of PD subtypes, particularly differentiated with the presence of RBD. The metabolic features of PD with RBD subtype supports the "body-first" concept of PD pathogenesis originating from the gut.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, K.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.02.592293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Untargeted Plasma Metabolomics Unveils Distinct Metabolite Profiles in Parkinson Disease Subtypes: A Focus on idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of the overlapping network modules in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental connectomic studies have shown that the modular organization of functional networks in the human brain undergoes substantial reorganization with age to support cognitive growth. However, these studies implicitly assume that each brain region belongs to one and only one specific network module, ignoring the potential spatial overlap between functional modules. How the overlapping functional modular architecture develops and whether this development is related to structural signatures remain unknown. Using longitudinal multimodal structural, functional, and diffusion MRI data from 305 children (aged 6-14 years), we investigated the development of the overlapping modular architecture of functional networks, and further explored their structural associations. Specifically, an edge-centric network model was used to identify the overlapping functional modules, and the nodal overlap in module affiliations was quantified using the entropy measure. We showed a remarkable regional inhomogeneity in module overlap in children, with higher entropy in the ventral attention, somatomotor, and subcortical networks and lower entropy in the visual and default-mode networks. Furthermore, the overlapping modules developed in a linear, spatially dissociable manner from childhood to adolescence, with significantly reduced entropy in the prefrontal cortex and putamen and increased entropy in the parietal lobules. Personalized overlapping modular patterns capture individual brain maturity as characterized by brain age. Finally, the overlapping functional modules can be significantly predicted by integrating gray matter morphology and white matter network properties. Our findings highlight the maturation of overlapping network modules and their structural substrates, thereby advancing our understanding of the principles of connectome development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of the overlapping network modules in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dopamine and acetylcholine correlations in the nucleus accumbens depend on behavioral task states 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.03.592439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens ramps up as animals approach desired goals. These ramps have received intense scrutiny because they seem to violate long-held hypotheses on dopamine function. Furthermore, it has been proposed that they are driven by local acetylcholine release, i.e., that they are mechanistically separate from dopamine signals related to reward prediction errors. Here, we tested this hypothesis by simultaneously recording accumbal dopamine and acetylcholine signals in rats executing a task involving motivated approach. Contrary to recent reports, we found that dopamine ramps were not coincidental with changes in acetylcholine. Instead, we found that acetylcholine could be positively, negatively, or uncorrelated with dopamine depending on whether the task phase was determined by a salient cue, reward prediction error, or active approach, respectively. Our results suggest that accumbal dopamine and acetylcholine are largely independent but may combine to engage different postsynaptic mechanisms depending on the behavioral task states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Costa, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schoenbaum, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.03.592439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dopamine and acetylcholine correlations in the nucleus accumbens depend on behavioral task states]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A gentle palette of plasma membrane dyes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.04.592408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma membrane stains are one of the most important organelle markers for unambiguous assignments of individual cells and monitoring membrane morphology and dynamics. The state-of-the-art PM stains are bright, specific, fluorogenic, and compatible with super-resolution imaging. However, when recording membrane dynamics, particularly under light-intensive microscopes, PM is prone to photodynamic damages due to its phospholipid bilayer nature. Here we developed PK Mem dyes tailored for time-lapse fluorescence imaging. By integrating triplet-state quenchers into the MemBright dyes featuring cyanine chromophores and amphiphilic zwitterion anchors, PK Mem dyes exhibited a three-fold reduction in phototoxicity and a more than four-fold improvement in photostability in imaging experiments. These dyes enable 2D and 3D imaging of live or fixed cancer cell lines and a wide range of primary cells, at the same time pair well with various fluorescent markers. PK Mem dyes can be applied to neuronal imaging in brain slices and in vivo two-photon imaging. The gentle nature of PK Mem palette enables ultralong-term recording of cell migration and cardiomyocyte beating. Notably, PK Mem dyes are optically compatible with STED/SIM imaging, which can handily upgrade the routine of time-lapse neuronal imaging, such as growth cone tracking and mitochondrial transportations, into nanoscopic resolutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.04.592408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A gentle palette of plasma membrane dyes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592699v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Brain Computes Dynamic Facial Movements for Emotion Categorization Using a Third Pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.06.592699v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent theories suggest a new brain pathway dedicated to processing social movement is involved in understanding emotions from biological motion, beyond the well-known ventral and dorsal pathways. However, how this social pathway functions as a network that computes dynamic biological motion signals for perceptual behavior is unchartered. Here, we used a generative model of important facial movements that participants (N = 10) categorized as "happy," "surprise," "fear," "anger," "disgust," "sad" while we recorded their MEG brain responses. Using new representational interaction measures (between facial features, MEGt source, and behavioral responses), we reveal per participant a functional social pathway extending from occipital cortex to superior temporal gyrus. Its MEG sources selectively represent, communicate and compose facial movements to disambiguate emotion categorization behavior, while occipital cortex swiftly filters out task-irrelevant identity-defining face shape features. Our findings reveal how social pathway selectively computes complex dynamic social signals to categorize emotions in individual participants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garrod, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ince, R. A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jack, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schyns, P. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.06.592699</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Brain Computes Dynamic Facial Movements for Emotion Categorization Using a Third Pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592955v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization of a Biochemical Mouse Model of Primary Aldosteronism for Thermal Therapies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592955v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionAldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) is the most common cause of endocrine-related hypertension but surgery is not always feasible. Current medical interventions are associated with significant side effects and poor patient compliance. New APA animal models that replicate basic characteristics of APA and give physical and biochemical feedback are needed to test new non-surgical treatment methods, such as image-guided thermal ablation,

MethodsA model of APA was developed in nude mice using HAC15 cells, a human adrenal carcinoma cell line. Tumor growth, aldosterone production, and sensitivity to angiotensin II were characterized in the model. The utility of the model was validated via treatment with microwave ablation and characterization of the resulting physical and biochemical changes in the tumor.

ResultsThe APA model showed rapid and relatively homogeneous growth. The tumors produced aldosterone and steroid precursors in response to angiotensin II challenge, and plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in tumor bearing mice two hours after challenge verses non-tumor bearing mice. The model was useful for testing microwave ablation therapy, reducing aldosterone production by 80% in treated mice.

ConclusionThe HAC15 model is a useful tumor model to study and develop localized treatment methods for APA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keck, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gliligan, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyle, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrestha, T. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebek, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Highland, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Challapalli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arlt, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossmann, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennedy, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basel, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.592955</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization of a Biochemical Mouse Model of Primary Aldosteronism for Thermal Therapies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KF4 anti-CELA1 Antibody and Purified α1-Antitrypsin Have Similar but Not Additive Efficacy in Preventing Emphysema in Murine α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.07.592994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is the most common genetic cause of emphysema. Chymotrypsin-like Elastase 1 (CELA1) is a serine protease neutralized by AAT and is important in emphysema progression. Cela1-deficiency is protective in a murine models of AAT-deficient emphysema. KF4 anti-CELA1 antibody prevented emphysema in PPE and cigarette smoke models in wild type mice. We evaluated potential toxicities of KF4 and its ability to prevent emphysema in AAT deficiency. We found Cela1 protein expression in mouse lung, pancreas, small intestine, and spleen. In toxicity studies, mice treated with KF4 25 mg/kg weekly for four weeks showed an elevation in blood urea nitrogen and slower weight gain compared to lower doses or equivalent dose IgG. In histologic grading of tissue injury of the lung, kidney, liver, and heart, there was some evidence of liver injury with KF4 25 mg/kg, but in all tissues, injury was less than in control mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture. In efficacy studies, KF4 doses as low as 0.5 mg/kg reduced the lung elastase activity of AAT-/-mice treated with 0.2 units of PPE. In this injury model, AAT-/-mice treated with KF4 1 mg/kg weekly, human purified AAT 60 mg/kg weekly, and combined KF4 and AAT treatment had less emphysema than mice treated with IgG 1 mg/kg weekly. However, the efficacy of KF4, AAT, or KF4 & AAT was similar. While KF4 might be an alternative to AAT replacement, combined KF4 and AAT replacement does not confer additional benefit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Devine, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks-Patton, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunham, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varisco, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodman, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zingarelli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varisco, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.07.592994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KF4 anti-CELA1 Antibody and Purified α1-Antitrypsin Have Similar but Not Additive Efficacy in Preventing Emphysema in Murine α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.592975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fuel buildup shapes post-fire fuel decomposition through soil heating effects on plants, fungi, and soil chemistry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.592975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Forty percent of terrestrial ecosystems require recurrent fires engineered by feedbacks between fire and plant fuels. Fuel loads control fire intensity which alters soil nutrients and shapes soil microbial and plant community responses to fire. Changes to post-fire plant fuel production are well known to feed back to future fires, but post-fire decomposition of new fuels is poorly understood. Our study sought to quantify how pre-fire fuel loading impacted post-fire fuel decomposition through soil abiotic properties, plant and soil fungal communities. In a longleaf pine savanna, both near and away from overstory pines, we manipulated pre-fire plot fuel loads to modify soil heating. We then assessed how fuel load and soil heating influenced post-fire plant fuel decomposition through changes to soil chemistry, vegetation, and fungi. Larger fuel loads, particularly beneath pines, increased soil heating and reduced decomposition of newly deposited fuels during the eight months following fire. Fire intensity effects on soil nutrients had the most consistent effects on decomposition with plant and fungal communities playing secondary roles. This demonstrates how fuel load and soil heating influence post-fire decomposition through fire-driven changes to soil abiotic properties, plant communities, and soil fungi. Further, since fire effects on decomposition and fire-fuel feedbacks were temporally dynamic this illustrates the importance of considering fire-fuel feedbacks across time. Understanding the importance of these feedbacks among ecosystems can help increase our predictive ability to manage fuels and the effects of repeated fires.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hopkins, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Semenova-Nelsen, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huffman, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robertson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Platt, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sikes, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.592975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fuel buildup shapes post-fire fuel decomposition through soil heating effects on plants, fungi, and soil chemistry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593230v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nothing but lies: improving the validity of neural predictors of deception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.08.593230v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deception is a universal human behavior. Yet longstanding skepticism about the validity of measures used to understand the biological mechanisms underlying deceptive behavior has relegated such studies to the scientific periphery. Here we address these fundamental questions by applying novel machine learning methods and functional neuroimaging to signaling games capturing motivated deception in human participants. First, we develop an approach to test for the presence of confounding processes and thereby validate past skepticism by showing that much of the predictive power of neural predictors trained on deception data comes from confounding processes. Second, we show that the presence of confounding signals need not be fatal, and we improve the validity of our neural predictor via a novel machine learning procedure that identifies and removes these confounding signals. Together, these findings point to a scientific approach for studying a neglected class of behavior, with important methodological and societal implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayser, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593230</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nothing but lies: improving the validity of neural predictors of deception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuropeptide Y co-opts neuronal ensembles for memory lability and stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.09.593455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memory engrams are formed by activity-dependent recruitment of distinct subsets of excitatory principal neurons (or neuronal ensembles) whereas inhibitory neurons pivot memory lability and stability1-5. However, the molecular logic for memory engrams to preferentially recruit specific type of interneurons over other subtypes remains enigmatic. Using activity-dependent single-cell transcriptomic profiling6-8 in mice with training of cued fear memory and extinction, we discovered that neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing (NPY+) GABAergic interneurons in the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) region exert fast GABAergic inhibition to facilitate the acquisition of memory, but bifurcate NPY-mediated slow peptidergic inhibition onto distinct sub-ensembles underlying the extinction of single memory trace. Genetically encoded calcium and NPY sensors revealed that both calcium dynamics of NPY+ neurons and their NPY release in vCA1 ramp up as extinction learning progresses while behavioral state switches from "fear-on" to "fear-off". Bidirectional manipulations of NPY+ neurons or NPY itself demonstrated NPY is both necessary and sufficient to control the rate and degree of memory extinction by acting on two physically non-overlapping sub-ensembles composed of NPY1R- and NPY2R-expressing neurons. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NPY2R or NPY1R further unravels that NPY co-opts its actions on these two sub-ensembles to gate early fast and late slow stages of extinction. These findings exemplify the intricate spatiotemporal orchestration of slow peptidergic inhibitions from single subtype of GABAergic interneurons to fine-tune engram lability verse stability of memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.09.593455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuropeptide Y co-opts neuronal ensembles for memory lability and stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.592432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Control of Inflammatory Response by Tissue Microenvironment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.10.592432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inflammation is an essential defense response but operates at the cost of normal tissue functions. Whether and how the negative impact of inflammation is monitored remains largely unknown. Acidification of the tissue microenvironment is associated with inflammation. Here we investigated whether macrophages sense tissue acidification to adjust inflammatory responses. We found that acidic pH restructured the inflammatory response of macrophages in a gene-specific manner. We identified mammalian BRD4 as a novel intracellular pH sensor. Acidic pH disrupts the transcription condensates containing BRD4 and MED1, via histidine-enriched intrinsically disordered regions. Crucially, a decrease in macrophage intracellular pH is necessary and sufficient to regulate transcriptional condensates in vitro and in vivo, acting as negative feedback to regulate the inflammatory response. Collectively, these findings uncovered a pH-dependent switch in transcriptional condensates that enables environment-dependent control of inflammation, with a broader implication for calibrating the magnitude and quality of inflammation by the inflammatory cost.

HighlightsO_LIAcidic pH regulates a switch-like gene-specific inflammatory response in macrophages
C_LIO_LIAcidic pH impacts chromatin remodeling and transcription circuits to control inflammatory programs
C_LIO_LIBRD4 transcriptional condensates are regulated by intracellular pH via the histidine-enriched intrinsically disordered region
C_LIO_LITissue inflammation decreases intracellular pH and disrupts BRD4 condensates as a negative feedback
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hajjar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kopp, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kagan, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hargreaves, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Medzhitov, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.10.592432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Control of Inflammatory Response by Tissue Microenvironment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a humanized anti-FABP4 monoclonal antibody for treatment of breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBreast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer are the primary contributors to newly diagnosed cases among women, with breast cancer representing the second highest proportion of the total. The treatment protocols vary depends on different stages of breast cancer, and numerous clinical trials are ongoing based on the data derived from laboratory. Our studies demonstrate that circulating adipose fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP, or FABP4) links obesity-induced dysregulated lipid metabolism and breast cancer risk, thus offering a new target for breast cancer treatment.

MethodsWe immunized FABP4 knockout mice with recombinant human FABP4 and screened hybridoma clones with specific binding to FABP4. The potential effects of antibodies on breast cancer cells in vitro were evaluated using migration, invasion, and limit dilution assays. Tumor progression in vivo was evaluated in various types of tumorigenesis models including C57BL/6 mice, Balb/c mice, and SCID mice. The phenotype and function of immune cells in tumor microenvironment were characterized with multi-color flow cytometry. Tumor stemness was detected by ALDH assays. To characterize antigen-antibody binding capacity, we determined the dissociation constant of S-V9 against FABP4 via surface plasmon resonance. Further analyses in tumor tissue were performed using 10X Genomics Visium spatial single cell technology.

ResultsHerein, we report the generation of humanized monoclonal antibodies blocking FABP4 activity for breast cancer treatment in mouse models. One clone, named 12G2, which significantly reduced circulating levels of FABP4 and inhibited mammary tumor growth, was selected for further characterization. After confirming the therapeutic efficacy of the chimeric 12G2 monoclonal antibody consisting of mouse variable regions and human IgG1 constant regions, 16 humanized 12G2 monoclonal antibody variants were generated by grafting its complementary determining regions to selected human germline sequences. Humanized V9 monoclonal antibody showed consistent results in inhibiting mammary tumor growth and metastasis by affecting tumor cell mitochondrial metabolism.

ConclusionsOur current evidence suggest that targeting FABP4 with humanized monoclonal antibodies represents a novel strategy for the treatment of breast cancer and possibly other obesity- associated diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnicker, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chimenti, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugg, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a humanized anti-FABP4 monoclonal antibody for treatment of breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Analysis of differential expression of matrix metalloproteins and defensins in the nasopharyngeal milieu of mild and severe COVID-19 cases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.12.593784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionA subset of COVID-19 disease patients suffers a severe form of the illness, however, underlying early pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the severe form of COVID-19 disease remain to be fully understood. Several studies showed the association of COVID-19 disease severity with the changes in the expression profile of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and defensins. However, the link between the changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and defensins (DA) in the nasopharyngeal milieu, during early phases of infection, and disease severity remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed differential gene expression analysis of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and defensins in the nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from mild and severe COVID-19 cases within three days of infection and examined the association between MMP and DA expression and disease severity.

Material and MethodA total of 118 previously collected nasopharyngeal samples from mild and severe COVID-19 patients (as per the WHO criteria) were used in this study. To determine the viral loads and assess the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and defensins, a real-time qPCR assay was used. To assess statistically significant differences in the mean expression of viral loads and the cytokines in between the severe and mild groups, an unpaired T-test was applied. The Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between cytokine expressions. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out with all the variables from the data set using  severity as the outcome variable.

ResultsOur results showed that the expression of DA3 and MMP2 to be considerably lower in the severe group than in the mild group. Furthermore, there was a significant association between MMP1 and DA4 and DA6 (r=0.5, p=0.0001); as well as between MMP7 and DA1 and DA6 (r=0.5, p=0.00). Additionally, the regression analysis shows a significant correlation (p 0.05) between MMP2 and the severity of COVID-19 disease.

ConclusionThe early detection of changes in the expression of MMPs and defensins may act as a useful biomarker/predictor for possible severe COVID-19 disease, which may be useful in the clinical management of patients to reduce COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Imtiaz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farooqui, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhamalbekova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anwar, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarria-Santamera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abidi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.12.593784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Analysis of differential expression of matrix metalloproteins and defensins in the nasopharyngeal milieu of mild and severe COVID-19 cases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mining the biosynthetic landscape of lactic acid bacteria unearths a new family of RiPPs assembled by a novel type of ThiF-like adenylyltransferases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are chemically diverse natural products of ribosomal origin. These peptides, which frequently act as signals or antimicrobials, are biosynthesized by conserved enzymatic machineries, making genome mining a powerful strategy for unearthing previously uncharacterized members of their class. Herein, we investigate the untapped biosynthetic potential of Lactobacillales (i.e. lactic acid bacteria) - an order of Gram-positive bacteria closely associated with human life, including pathogenic species and industrially-relevent fermenters of dairy products. Through genome mining methods, we systematically explored the distribution and diversity of ThiF-like adenylyltransferases-utilizing RiPP systems in lactic acid bacteria and identified a number of unprecedented biosynthetic gene clusters. In one of these clusters, we found a previously undescribed group of macrocyclic imide biosynthetic pathways containing multiple transporters and may be involved in potential quorum sensing (QS) system. Through in vitro assays, we determined that one such adenylyltranferase specifically catalyzes the intracyclization of its precursor peptide through macrocyclic imide formation. Incubating the enzyme with various primary amines revealed it could effectively amidate the C-terminus of the precursor peptide. This new transformation adds to the growing list of Natures peptide macrocyclization strategies and expands the impressive catalytic repertoire of the adenylyltransferase family. The diverse RiPP systems identified herein represent a vast, unexploited landscape for discovery of novel class of natural products and potential QS systems.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=68 SRC="FIGDIR/small/593846v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mining the biosynthetic landscape of lactic acid bacteria unearths a new family of RiPPs assembled by a novel type of ThiF-like adenylyltransferases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling Conserved Allosteric Hot Spots in Protein Domains from Sequences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The amino acid sequence determines the structure, function, and dynamics of a protein. In recent years, enormous progress has been made in translating sequence information into 3D structural information using artificial intelligence. However, because of the underlying methodology, it is an immense computational challenge to extract this information from the ever-increasing number of sequences. In the present study, we show that it is possible to create 2D contact maps from sequences, for which only a few exemplary structures are available on a laptop without the need for GPUs. This is achieved by using a pattern-matching approach. The resulting contact maps largely reflect the interactions in the 3D structures and contain information about its function and dynamics. This approach was used to explore the evolutionarily conserved allosteric mechanisms and identify the source- sink (driver-driven) relationships by using an established method that combines Schreibers concept of entropy transfer with a simple Gaussian network model. The validity of our method was tested on the DHFR, PDZ, SH3, and S100 domains, with our predictions consistently aligning with the experimental findings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fasshauer, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling Conserved Allosteric Hot Spots in Protein Domains from Sequences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.593988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the distribution of hundreds of thousands of plant metabolites across the plant kingdom presents a challenge. To address this, we curated publicly available LC-MS/MS data from 19,075 plant extracts and developed the plantMASST reference database encompassing 246 botanical families, 1,469 genera, and 2,793 species. This taxonomically focused database facilitates the exploration of plant-derived molecules using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. This tool will aid in drug discovery, biosynthesis, (chemo)taxonomy, and the evolutionary ecology of herbivore interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gomes, P. W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mannochio-Russo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuffa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Damiani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quiros-Guerrero, L.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caraballo-Rodriguez, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charron-Lamoureux, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chigumba, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sedio, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myers, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allard, P.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harwood, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tamayo-Castillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Defossez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koolen, H. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>e Silva, C. Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmann, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walker, T. W. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glauser, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaves-Fallas, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keum, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, E. J. S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Medeiros, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bataglion, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costa, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>da Silva, F. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.593988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[plantMASST - Community-driven chemotaxonomic digitization of plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.594034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omicron-specific naive B cell maturation alleviates immune imprinting induced by SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.13.594034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain-induced immune imprinting poses great challenges to vaccine updates. Studies showed that repeated Omicron exposures could override immune imprinting induced by inactivated vaccines but not mRNA vaccines, a disparity yet to be understood. Here, we analyzed the underlying mechanism of immune imprinting alleviation in inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) cohorts. We observed in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals who experienced BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection (BTI), the proportion of Omicron-specific memory B cells (MBCs) substantially increased after an extended period post-Omicron BTI, with their antibodies displaying enhanced somatic hypermutation and neutralizing potency. Consequently, the neutralizing antibody epitope distribution encoded by MBCs post-BA.5/BF.7 BTI after prolonged maturation closely mirrors that in BA.5/BF.7-infected unvaccinated individuals. Together, these results indicate the activation and expansion of Omicron-specific naive B cells generated by first-time Omicron exposure helped to alleviate CoronaVac-induced immune imprinting, and the absence of this process should have caused the persistent immune imprinting seen in mRNA vaccine recipients.

HighlightsO_LILongitudinal MBC profiling of CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals following BA.5 BTI
C_LIO_LIOmicron-specific MBC proportion rises greatly after extended period post-BA.5 BTI
C_LIO_LIOmicron-specific naive B cell maturation reduces ancestral strain immune imprinting
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.13.594034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omicron-specific naive B cell maturation alleviates immune imprinting induced by SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594173v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amyloid beta glycation leads to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimers pathogenesis through VDAC1-dependent mtDNA efflux 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594173v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glycation, the non-enzymatic attachment of reactive dicarbonyls to proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids, contributes to the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). In Alzheimers disease (AD), amyloid-beta (A{beta}) undergoes post-translational glycation to produce glycated A{beta} (gA{beta}), yet its pathological role remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that gA{beta} promotes neuronal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) efflux via a VDAC1-dependent mechanism, activating the innate immune cGAS-STING pathway. Using aged AD mice and human AD brain samples, we observed cGAS-mtDNA binding and cGAS-STING activation in the neuronal cytoplasm. Knockdown of RAGE, cGAS, or STING, as well as pharmacological inhibition of VDAC1, protected APP mice from mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimers-like pathology. Neuron-specific cGAS knockdown confirmed its pivotal role in driving neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. Treatment with ALT-711, an AGE cross-link breaker, alleviated gA{beta}-associated pathology. Furthermore, RAGE inhibition in APP knock-in mice suppressed innate immune activation and disease-associated gene expression, as revealed by spatially resolved transcriptomics. Collectively, our findings establish a mechanistic link between gA{beta} and innate immune activation, identifying VDAC1, the AGE-RAGE axis, and the cGAS-STING pathway as promising therapeutic targets in AD.

Significance StatementThis study reveals how a modified form of amyloid-beta disrupts mitochondrial function in neurons, triggering innate immunity and disease progression. We show that this modified amyloid-beta damages mitochondria, activating a specific immune response in the brain. By identifying the key molecules involved, we provide potential targets for new Alzheimers treatments aimed at preventing mitochondrial damage and cognitive decline. This research offers fresh insights into Alzheimers development and highlights new therapeutic pathways.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akhter, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schiff, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maffei, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DOUGLAS, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594173</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amyloid beta glycation leads to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimers pathogenesis through VDAC1-dependent mtDNA efflux]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594229v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal dynamic models of Amblyomma americanum questing activity in the Central Great Plains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.14.594229v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ticks represent important vectors of a number of bacterial and viral disease agents, owing to their hematophagous nature and their questing behavior (the process in which they seek new hosts). Questing activity is notably seasonal with spatiotemporal dynamics that needs to be understood in detail as part of mediating and mitigating tick-borne disease risk. Models of the geography of tick questing activity developed to date, however, have ignored the temporal dimensions of that behavior; more fundamentally, they have often not considered the sampling underlying available occurrence data. Here, we have addressed these shortfalls for Amblyomma americanum, the most commonly encountered tick in the central Great Plains, via (1) detailed, longitudinal sampling to characterize the spatiotemporal dimensions of tick questing activity; (2) randomization tests to establish in which environmental dimensions a species is manifesting selective use; and (3) modeling methods that include both presence data and absence data, taking fullest advantage of the information available in the data resource. The outcome was a detailed picture of geographic and temporal variation in suitability for the species through the two-year course of this study. Such models that take full advantage of available information will be crucial in understanding the risk of tick-borne disease into the future.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winters, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundstrom, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brennan, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Little, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.14.594229</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal dynamic models of Amblyomma americanum questing activity in the Central Great Plains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.593824v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Feeding Rates of Sessile and Motile Ciliates are Hydrodynamically Equivalent 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.593824v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motility endows microorganisms with the ability to swim to nutrient-rich environments, but many species are sessile. Existing hydrodynamic arguments in support of either strategy, to swim or to attach and generate feeding currents, are often built on a limited set of experimental or modeling assumptions. Here, to assess the hydrodynamics of these "swim" or "stay" strategies, we propose a comprehensive methodology that combines mechanistic modeling with a survey of published shape and flow data in ciliates. Model predictions and empirical observations show small variations in feeding rates in favor of either motile or sessile cells. Case-specific variations notwithstanding, our overarching analysis shows that flow physics imposes no constraint on the feeding rates that are achievable by the swimming versus sessile strategies - they can both be equally competitive in transporting nutrients and wastes to and from the cell surface within flow regimes typically experienced by ciliates. Our findings help resolve a long-standing dilemma of which strategy is hydrodynamically optimal and explain patterns occurring in natural communities that alternate between free swimming and temporary attachments. Importantly, our findings indicate that the evolutionary pressures that shaped these strategies acted in concert with, not against, flow physics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Man, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costello, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanso, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.593824</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Feeding Rates of Sessile and Motile Ciliates are Hydrodynamically Equivalent]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594452v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient DNA base editing via an optimized DYW-like deaminase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.15.594452v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based cytosine base editors enable precise genome editing without inducing double-stranded DNA breaks, yet traditionally depend on a limited selection of deaminases from the APOBEC/AID or TadA families. Here, we introduce SsCBE, a novel CRISPR-based cytosine base editor utilizing SsdAtox, a DYW-like deaminase derived from the toxin of Pseudomonas syringae. Strategic engineering of SsdAtox has led to remarkable improvements in the base editing efficiency (by up to 8.4-fold) and specificity for SsCBE, while concurrently reducing cytotoxicity. Exhibiting exceptional versatility, SsCBE was delivered and efficiently applied using diverse delivery methods, including the engineered virus-like particles (eVLPs). Its application has enabled targeted cytosine base editing in mouse zygotes and pioneering edits in mitochondrial DNA. The advent of SsCBE marks a significant advancement in the CRISPR toolkit, providing a versatile tool for advanced research and therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kweon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seok, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594452</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient DNA base editing via an optimized DYW-like deaminase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594737v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Novel phylogenomic inference and 'Out of Asia' biogeography of cobras, coral snakes, and their allies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.17.594737v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Estimation of evolutionary relationships among lineages that rapidly diversified can be challenging, and, in such instances, inaccurate or unresolved phylogenetic estimates can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding historical geographical ranges of lineages. One example underscoring this issue has been the historical challenge posed by untangling the biogeographic origin of elapoid snakes, which includes numerous dangerously venomous species as well as species not known to be dangerous to humans. The worldwide distribution of this lineage makes it an ideal group for testing hypotheses related to historical faunal exchanges among the many continents and other landmasses occupied by contemporary elapoid species. We developed a novel suite of genomic resources, included worldwide sampling, and inferred a robust estimate of evolutionary relationships, which we leveraged to quantitatively estimate geographical range evolution through the deep-time history of this remarkable radiation. Our phylogenetic and biogeographical estimates of historical ranges definitively reject a lingering former  Out of Africa hypothesis and support an  Out of Asia scenario involving multiple faunal exchanges between Asia, Africa, Australasia, the Americas, and Europe.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weinell, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burbrink, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.17.594737</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Novel phylogenomic inference and 'Out of Asia' biogeography of cobras, coral snakes, and their allies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Signaling peptides act as hormones to deliver short- or long-distance intercellular signals to govern complex developmental processes. Identifying endogenous signaling peptides is challenging due to their low abundance and the unknown cleavage sites required for release from precursor proteins, not to mention the investigation of their evolutionary roles across species. Consequently, very few peptides were evolutionarily characterized in vivo, especially long-distance signaling peptides. Here we present current largest peptidomic datasets from six species (maize, camphor tree, tomato, rose gum, soybean and poplar), totaling 12,242 peptides, selected from all representative evolutionary clades of angiosperms, including monocots, magnoliids, rosid eudicots, and asterid eudicots. A sap peptide was found to be identical across all six species and named as ASAP (angiosperm sap peptide), emerging as the most conserved peptide family discovered thus far. ASAP rapidly induces a series of protein phosphorylation involved in a signaling cascade previously reported to regulate lignin biosynthesis, plant growth and plant immunity. Functional assays on ASAP activity demonstrated its capability on the induction of monolignol biosynthesis and lignin deposition. High-throughput phenomic analyses showed that ASAP significantly increased plant above- and below-ground biomass. In addition, ASAP treatment enhanced plant immunity and reduced the number of galls and egg masses against nematode invasion. This study provides insights into the conservation and functional significance of plant long-distance mobile signaling peptides, offering potential applications in crop improvement and disease management strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, Y.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, I.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, D.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.594799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Sap Peptide Conserved across Flowering Plants Positively Regulates Lignin Biosynthesis, Biomass and Immunity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accurate Conformation Sampling via Protein Structural Diffusion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.594916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurately sampling of protein conformations is pivotal for advances in biology and medicine. Although there have been tremendous progress in protein structure prediction in recent years due to deep learning, models that can predict the different stable conformations of proteins with high accuracy and structural validity are still lacking. Here, we introduce UFConf, a cutting-edge approach designed for robust sampling of diverse protein conformations based solely on amino acid sequences. This method transforms AlphaFold2 into a diffusion model by implementing a conformation-based diffusion process and adapting the architecture to process diffused inputs effectively. To counteract the inherent conformational bias in the Protein Data Bank, we developed a novel hierarchical reweighting protocol based on structural clustering. Our evaluations demonstrate that UFConf out-performs existing methods in terms of successful sampling and structural validity. The comparisons with long time molecular dynamics show that UFConf can overcome the energy barrier existing in molecular dynamics simulations and perform more efficient sampling. Furthermore, We showcase UFConfs utility in drug discovery through its application in neural protein-ligand docking. In a blind test, it accurately predicted a novel protein-ligand complex, underscoring its potential to impact real-world biological research. Additionally, we present other modes of sampling using UFConf, including partial sampling with fixed motif, langevin dynamics and structural interpolation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alcaide, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>E, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.594916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accurate Conformation Sampling via Protein Structural Diffusion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A complete and dynamic tree of birds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.20.595017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a complete, time-scaled, evolutionary tree of the worlds bird species. This tree unites phylogenetic estimates for 9,239 species from 262 studies published between 1990 and 2024, using the Open Tree synthesis algorithm. The remaining species are placed in the tree based on curated taxonomic information. The tips of this complete tree are aligned to the species in the Clements Taxonomy used by eBird and other resources, and cross-mapped to other taxonomic systems including the Open Tree of Life (Open Tree), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The total number of named bird species varies between 10,824 and 11,017 across the taxonomy versions we applied (v2021, v2022 and v2023). We share complete trees for each taxonomy version. The procedure, software and data-stores we used to generate this tree are public and reproducible. The tree presented here is Aves v1.2 and can be easily updated with new phylogenetic information as new estimates are published. We demonstrate the types of large scale analyses this data resource enables by linking geographic data with the phylogeny to calculate the regional phylogenetic diversity of birds across the world. We will release updated versions of the phylogenetic synthesis and taxonomic translation tables annually. The procedure we describe here can be applied to developing complete phylogenetic estimates for any taxonomic group of interest.

Significance statementBirds are charismatic - well loved, and highly studied. Many new phylogenies elucidating avian birds evolutionary relationships are published every year. We have united phylogenetic estimates from hundreds of studies to create a complete evolutionary tree of all birds. While a variety of resources aggregate huge collections of trait, behavior and location data for birds, previously the barriers to linking data between these data resources and bird evolutionary history have limited the opportunities to do exciting large scale analyses. We have bridged that gap, and developed a system that allows us to easily update our understanding of bird evolution as new estimates are generated. We share a workflow and the software needed to create a complete evolutionary tree for any group.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McTavish, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerbracht, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holder, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iliff, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lepage, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rasmussen, P. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redelings, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez-Reyes, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.20.595017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A complete and dynamic tree of birds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.594594v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temperature-Dependent Fold-Switching Mechanism of the Circadian Clock Protein KaiB 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.594594v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oscillator of the cyanobacterial circadian clock relies on the ability of the KaiB protein to switch reversibly between a stable ground-state fold (gsKaiB) and an unstable fold-switched fold (fsKaiB). Rare fold-switching events by KaiB provide a critical delay in the negative feedback loop of this post-translational oscillator. In this study, we experimentally and computationally investigate the temperature dependence of fold switching and its mechanism. We demonstrate that the stability of gsKaiB increases with temperature compared to fsKaiB and that the Q10 value for the gsKaiB [-&gt;] fsKaiB transition is nearly three times smaller than that for the reverse transition. Simulations and native-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange NMR experiments suggest that fold switching can involve both subglobally and near-globally unfolded intermediates. The simulations predict that the transition state for fold switching coincides with isomerization of conserved prolines in the most rapidly exchanging region, and we confirm experimentally that proline isomerization is a rate-limiting step for fold switching. We explore the implications of our results for temperature compensation, a hallmark of circadian clocks, through a kinetic model.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liwang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sosnick, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Partch, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxa, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoszewski, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marianchuk, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.594594</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temperature-Dependent Fold-Switching Mechanism of the Circadian Clock Protein KaiB]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Different orthology inference algorithms generate similar predicted orthogroups among Brassicaceae species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.21.595184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPremise - Orthology inference is crucial for comparative genomics, and multiple algorithms have been developed to identify putative orthologs for downstream analyses. Despite the abundance of proposed solutions, including publicly available benchmarks, it is difficult to assess which tool to best use for plant species, which commonly have complex genomic histories.
C_LIO_LIMethods - We explored the performance of four orthology inference algorithms - OrthoFinder, SonicParanoid, Broccoli, and OrthNet - on eight Brassicaceae genomes in two groups: one group comprising only diploids and another set comprising the diploids, two mesopolyploids, and one recent hexaploid genome.
C_LIO_LIResults - Orthogroup compositions reflect the species ploidy and genomic histories. Additionally, the diploid set had a higher proportion of identical orthogroups. While the diploid+higher ploidy set had a lower proportion of orthogroups with identical compositions, the average degree of similarity between the orthogroups was not different from the diploid set.
C_LIO_LIDiscussion - Three algorithms - OrthoFinder, SonicParanoid, and Broccoli - are helpful for initial orthology predictions. Results from OrthNet were generally an outlier but could provide detailed information about gene colinearity. With our Brassicaceae dataset, slight discrepancies were found across the orthology inference algorithms, necessitating additional analyses, such as tree inference to fine-tune results.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, I. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sears, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hileman, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolov, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.21.595184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Different orthology inference algorithms generate similar predicted orthogroups among Brassicaceae species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595424v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A new GRAB sensor reveals differences in the dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptide and neurotransmitter release 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595424v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The co-existence and co-transmission of neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters in the same neuron is a fundamental aspect of almost all neurons across various species. However, the differences regarding their in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying molecular regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor for detecting short neuropeptide F (sNPF) with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, we explore the differences of in vivo dynamics and molecular regulation between sNPF and acetylcholine (ACh) from the same neurons. Interestingly, the release of sNPF and ACh shows different spatiotemporal dynamics. Notably, we found that distinct synaptotagmins (Syt) are involved in these two processes, as Syt7 and Syt for sNPF release, while Syt1 for ACh release. Thus, this new GRAB sensor provides a powerful tool for studying neuropeptide release and providing new insights into the distinct release dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptides and small molecule neurotransmitters.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.22.595424</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A new GRAB sensor reveals differences in the dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptide and neurotransmitter release]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595301v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.22.595301v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The phenotypic differences between the sexes are generated by genes with sex-biased expression. These range from a few major regulators to large numbers of organ-specific effector genes in sexually mature individuals. We explore the variation and micro-evolutionary patterns of these genes in a large dataset from natural populations of sub-species and species of mice, with a particular focus on somatic organs. Within these short phylogenetic distances, we find a faster evolutionary turnover of sex-biased gene expression in somatic tissues, but not in the gonads, when compared to the turnover of non-sex-biased genes. We show that somatically expressed sex-biased genes occur mostly only in a subset of the co-expression modules of each organ and the turnover of genes between the taxa occurs often within the main modules. Given the fast evolution of somatic sex-biased expression patterns, we were interested to study the within-group variances and their evolutionary turnover. To visualize the individual variances, we have developed a sex-biased gene expression index (SBI) that represents the cumulative expression of all sex-biased genes for each individual in each organ. We find that SBI distributions range from binary patterns in the gonads to overlapping patterns in the somatic organs. They do not correlate between organs of the same individuals, thus supporting a mosaic model of somatic sex-determination of individuals. Comparison with data from humans shows fewer sex-biased genes compared to mice and strongly overlapping SBI distributions between the somatic organs of the sexes. We conclude that adult individuals are composed of a mosaic spectrum of sex characteristics in their somatic tissues that should not be cumulated into a simple binary classification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Künzel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tautz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-05-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.22.595301</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-05-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.593678v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-omics analysis of longitudinal patient samples reveals the molecular mechanism of AML progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.28.593678v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Relapse remains a determinant of treatment failure and contributes significantly to mortality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Despite efforts to understand AML progression and relapse mechanisms, findings on acquired gene mutations in relapse vary, suggesting inherent genetic heterogeneity and emphasizing the role of epigenetic modifications. We conducted a multi-omics analysis using Omni-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq on longitudinal samples from two adult AML patients at diagnosis and relapse. Herein, we characterized genetic and epigenetic changes in AML progression to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of relapse. Differential interaction analysis showed significant 3D chromatin landscape reorganization between relapse and diagnosis samples. Comparing global open chromatin profiles revealed that relapse samples had significantly fewer accessible chromatin regions than diagnosis samples. In addition, we discovered that relapse-related upregulation was achieved either by forming new active enhancer contacts or by losing interactions with poised enhancers/potential silencers. Altogether, our study highlights the impact of genetic and epigenetic changes on AML progression, underlining the importance of multi-omics approaches in understanding disease relapse mechanisms and guiding potential therapeutic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavattoni, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Villiers, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cugno, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.28.593678</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-omics analysis of longitudinal patient samples reveals the molecular mechanism of AML progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596837v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic and Genetic Insights into Mendel's Pea Genes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.31.596837v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pea, Pisum sativum, is an excellent model system through which Gregor Mendel established the foundational principles of inheritance. Surprisingly, till today, the molecular nature of the genetic differences underlying the seven pairs of contrasting traits that Mendel studied in detail remains partially understood. Here, we present a genomic and phenotypic variation map, coupled with haplotype-phenotype association analyses across a wide range of traits in a global Pisum diversity panel. We focus on a genomics-enabled genetic dissection of each of the seven traits Mendel studied, revealing many previously undescribed alleles for the four characterized genes, R, Le, I and A, and elucidating the gene identities and mutations for the remaining three uncharacterized traits. Notably, we identify: (1) a ca. 100kb deletion upstream of the Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) gene, which generates aberrant transcripts and confers the yellow pod phenotype of gp mutants; (2) an in-frame premature stop codon mutation in a Dodeca-CLE41/44 signalling peptide which explains the parchmentless mutant phenotype corresponding to p; and (3) a 5bp in-frame deletion in a CIK-like receptor kinase gene corresponding to the fasciated stem phenotype fa, which Mendel described in terms of flower position, and we postulate the existence of a Modifier of fa (Mfa) locus that masks this meristem defect. Mendel noted the pleiotropy of the a mutation, including inhibition of axil ring anthocyanin pigmentation, a trait we found to be controlled by allelic variants of the gene D within an R2R3-MYB gene cluster. Furthermore, we characterize and validate natural variation of a quantitative genetic locus governing both pod width and seed weight, characters that Mendel deemed were not sufficiently demarcated for his analyses. This study establishes a cornerstone for fundamental research, education in biology and genetics, and pea breeding practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hofer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howard, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendahmane, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fouchal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreau, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawada, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LeSignor, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barclay, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vikeli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsanakas, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheema, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wingen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vigouroux, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vickers, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambrose, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalmais, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Higuera-Poveda, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spanner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wouters, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chundakkad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steuernagel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domoney, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chayut, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.05.31.596837</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic and Genetic Insights into Mendel's Pea Genes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.02.596937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
stVCR: Reconstructing spatio-temporal dynamics of cell development using optimal transport 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.02.596937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time-series spatial transcriptome data with single-cell resolution provide an opportunity to study cell differentiation, proliferation and migration in physical space over time. Due to the destructive nature of sequencing, reconstruction of spatiotemporal dynamics from data remains challenging. Especially, the inference of migration in physical space remains a difficult task, as samples obtained at different temporal snapshots might not be in the same coordinate system due to the difference of biological replicates. Here we developed stVCR, a generative deep learning model, which integrates the dynamical optimal transport (OT) with the unbalanced setting, the density matching invariant to rigid body transformations as well as priors to model known biology and preserve spatial structure. stVCR achieves the end-to-end simultaneous reconstruction of continuous cell differentiation, proliferation, physical space migration, and spatial coordinates alignment from spatial transcriptome snapshots. In addition, stVCR allows the interpretable study of complex interactions between cell phenotype transition, spatial migration and proliferation. Through benchmarking on both simulation data and real datasets, we validated the effectiveness and robustness of stVCR and demonstrated its advantages over static OT or linear interpolation methods. We applied stVCR to dissect spatiotemporal dynamics underlying axolotl brain regeneration and 3D Drosophila embryo development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.02.596937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[stVCR: Reconstructing spatio-temporal dynamics of cell development using optimal transport]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597368v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AARS2 ameliorates myocardial ischemia via fine-tuning PKM2-mediated metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597368v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AARS2, an alanyl-tRNA synthase, is essential for protein translation, but its function in mouse hearts is not fully addressed. Here, we found that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of mouse AARS2 exhibited evident cardiomyopathy with impaired cardiac function, notable cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiomyocyte-specific AARS2 overexpression in mice improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI), without affecting cardiomyocyte proliferation and coronary angiogenesis. Mechanistically, AARS2 overexpression suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial reactive oxide species production, and changed cellular metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis in cardiomyocytes, thus leading to cardiomyocyte survival from ischemia and hypoxia stress. Ribo-Seq revealed that AARS2 overexpression increased pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) protein translation and the ratio of PKM2 dimers to tetramers that promote glycolysis. Additionally, PKM2 activator TEPP-46 reversed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis caused by AARS2 deficiency. Thus, this study demonstrates that AARS2 plays an essential role in protecting cardiomyocytes from ischemic pressure via fine-tuning PKM2-mediated energy metabolism, and presents a novel cardiac protective AARS2-PKM2 signaling during the pathogenesis of MI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597368</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AARS2 ameliorates myocardial ischemia via fine-tuning PKM2-mediated metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Impact of Parental Time-Restricted Feeding on Offspring Metabolic Phenotypic Traits 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A substantial body of research elucidates the mechanisms and health advantages associated with intermittent fasting (IF). However, the impact of parental IF on offspring remains unclear. Through an investigation involving four IF and ad libitum combinations of parental mating groups, we demonstrate that parental IF (daily time-restricted feeding) influences offsprings metabolic health indicators in male and female offspring in distinct ways. We found that when both parents are on IF their offspring exhibit protection against the adverse effects of a high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt diet in a sex-specific manner. This study underscores the potential significance of parental lifestyle modifications involving dietary restriction for the metabolic status of their children and their risk for obesity and diabetes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tabassum, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selvaraji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, T. H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wickramasinghe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, Q. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gelderblom, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drummond, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobey, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Penman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johns, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vemuganti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunaratne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mattson, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, D.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jelinic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arumugam, T. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Impact of Parental Time-Restricted Feeding on Offspring Metabolic Phenotypic Traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An organoid co-culture model for probing systemic anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.04.597327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deciphering the interactions between tumor micro- and systemic immune macro-environment is essential for developing more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. Here, we established a gel-liquid interface (GLI) co-culture of lung cancer organoids (LCOs) and paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), featuring with enhanced interactions of immune cells and tumor organoids, to mimic the in vivo systemic anti-tumor immunity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The co-culture model recapitulates the in vivo ICI-induced T cell recruitment and subsequent tumor regression, predicting the clinical results precisely. We demonstrated that circulating tumor-reactive T cells, which are effector memory-like with high expression levels of GNLY, CD44 and CD9, can serve as an indicator of the immunotherapy efficacy. Interestingly, enhanced inflammatory signaling in blood T cells is accompanied with prompted exhaustion and compromised anti-tumor function, when encountering with organoids. Our findings suggest that the GLI co-culture can be used for developing diagnostic strategies for precision immunotherapies as well as understanding the underlying mechanisms.

Summary figure

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.04.597327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An organoid co-culture model for probing systemic anti-tumor immunity in lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597562v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Locally released somatostatin triggers cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in primary cilia to modulate pancreatic β-cell function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.05.597562v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Somatostatin is produced and released from {delta}-cells within pancreatic islets of Langerhans and constitutes one of the most important negative regulators of islet hormone secretion. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are abundantly expressed in the islet cells and coupled to Gi and lowering of intracellular cAMP. We find that both SSTR3 and SSTR5 localize to primary cilia of {beta}-cells, and that activation of these receptors lowers the ciliary cAMP concentration. cAMP produced in the cytosol can enter the cilium through diffusion, but activation of ciliary SSTR3 specifically counteracts the rise of cAMP in the cilium. Moreover, we find that islet {delta}-cells are positioned near primary cilia of the other islet cell types and that somatostatin secretion is directed towards primary cilia. While acute exposure to somatostatin caused a rapid lowering of ciliary cAMP, sustained exposure promoted nuclear entry of the cilia-dependent transcription factor GLI2 through a mechanism that operated in parallel with the canonical Hedgehog pathway and depended on ciliary Ca2+ signaling. We also find that primary cilia length is reduced in islets from human donors with type-2 diabetes, which is associated with a reduction in cilia-{delta}-cell interactions. Our findings show that islet cell primary cilia constitute an important target of somatostatin action that endows it with the ability to regulate islet cell function beyond the acute suppression of hormone release.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Incedal Nilsson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumral, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mueller, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solimena, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Idevall-Hagren, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.05.597562</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Locally released somatostatin triggers cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in primary cilia to modulate pancreatic β-cell function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.596575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CLCC1 Governs Bilayer Equilibration at the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Maintain Cellular and Systemic Lipid Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.596575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The intricate orchestration of lipid production, storage, and mobilization is vital for cellular and systemic homeostasis1,2. Dysfunctional plasma lipid control represents the major risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases, the leading cause of human mortality3,4. Within the cellular landscape, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central hub of lipid synthesis and secretion, particularly in metabolically active hepatocytes in the liver or enterocytes in the gut5,6. Initially assembled in the ER lumen, lipid-ferrying lipoproteins necessitate the cross-membrane transfer of both neutral and phospho-lipids onto the lumenal apolipoprotein B (APOB), in a poorly-defined process7-10. Here we show that trans-bilayer equilibration of phospholipids, regulated by the ER protein CLCC1, determines lipid partition across the ER membrane and consequently systemic lipid homeostasis. CLCC1 partners with the phospholipid scramblase TMEM41B11,12 to recognize imbalanced bilayers and promote lipid scrambling, thereby licensing lipoprotein biogenesis and the subsequent bulk lipid transport. Strikingly, loss of CLCC1 or TMEM41B leads to the emergence of giant lumenal lipid droplets enclosed by extensively imbalanced ER bilayers, and consequently drastically accelerated pathogenesis of metabolic-dysfunction-associated liver steatohepatitis (MASH). The above results establish phospholipid scrambling at the ER as the lynchpin to maintain a dynamic equilibrium. Considering the requirement of trans-bilayer phospholipid equilibration in numerous biological processes, ranging from catabolic autophagy to viral infection13-16, our study may enable further elucidation of a previously under-appreciated homeostatic control mechanism intrinsic to the ER function in lipid biogenesis and distribution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.596575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CLCC1 Governs Bilayer Equilibration at the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Maintain Cellular and Systemic Lipid Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Defining cellular determinants of resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.06.597777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite sustained clinical responses to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the majority of patients derive no clinical benefits, and the cellular and molecular underpinnings of such resistance remain incompletely understood. To identify cell types that may influence immunotherapy responses, we first integrated newly generated and previously published single-cell RNA sequencing data from 110 treatment-naive patients with NSCLC. Among tumor-resident cell types, we identified MMP1+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which were inversely correlated with the level of tumor-reactive T cells--a key determinant of response to ICB. Further single-cell analysis for newly collected 21 tumor samples from NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents revealed that MMP1+ fibroblasts were indeed enriched in treatment-refractory patients, and this observation was also validated in an independent dataset of bulk RNA sequencing from 344 NSCLC patients treated with PD-L1 agents. Examination of the spatial architecture showed that MMP1+ fibroblasts were located at the tumor-stroma boundary, forming a single-cell layer that encircled the cancer cell aggregates, and we hence defined MMP1+ fibroblasts as tumor-stroma boundary (tsb)CAFs. Such tsbCAFs likely promote resistance to ICB by functioning as a physical barrier that prevents tumor-reactive T cells from recognizing and killing cancer cells. Our study provides a new framework to identify cellular underpinnings of resistance to ICB and suggests new strategies to overcome ICB resistance.

Highlights{lozenge} Identification and characterization of MMP1+ fibroblasts in lung cancer.
{lozenge}Single-cell meta-analysis reveals cell populations impeding the accumulation of tumor-reactive T cells.
{lozenge}MMP1+ fibroblasts correlate with the low infiltration of tumor-reactive T cells and the resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment.
{lozenge}MMP1+ fibroblasts appear to form a space barrier between malignant and T cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.06.597777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Defining cellular determinants of resistance to PD-1 pathway blockade in non-small-cell lung cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Association between the JAK-STAT Pathway and Hypertension among Kenyan Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.07.597892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, and disproportionately affects Sub-Saharan Africa compared to high income countries. The global disease burden is growing, with Sub-Saharan Africa reporting majority of the cases. In Kenya, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an annual incidence of 7,243 new cases in 2022, representing 25.5% of all reported cancers in women. Evidence suggests that women receiving breast cancer treatment are at a greater risk of developing hypertension than women without breast cancer. Hypertension prevalence has been on the rise in SSA, with poor detection, treatment and control. The JAK-STAT signaling is activated in hormone receptor-positive breast tumors, leading to inflammation, cell proliferation, and treatment resistance in cancer cells. We sought to understand the association between the expression of JAK-STAT Pathway genes and hypertension among Kenyan women diagnosed with breast cancer.

MethodsBreast tumor and non-tumor tissues were acquired from patients with a pathologic diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma. RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples of 23 participants who had at least 50% tumor after pathological examination, as well as their corresponding adjacent normal samples. Differentially expressed JAK-STAT genes between tumor and normal breast tissues were assessed using the DESEq2 R package. Pearson correlation was used to assess the correlation between differentially expressed JAK-STAT genes and participants blood pressure, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI).

Results11,868 genes were differentially expressed between breast tumor and non-tumor tissues. Eight JAK-STAT genes were significantly dysregulated (Log2FC [&ge;] 1.0 and an Padj [&le;] 0.05), with two genes (CISH and SCNN1A) being upregulated. Six genes (TGFBR2, STAT5A, STAT5B, TGFRB3, SMAD9, and SOCS2) were downregulated. We identified STAT5A and SOCS2 genes to be significantly correlated with elevated systolic pressure and heart rate, respectively.

ConclusionsOur study provides insights underlying the molecular mechanisms of hypertension among Kenyan women diagnosed with breast cancer. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop targeted treatments that may improve health outcomes of Kenyan women diagnosed with breast cancer. Longitudinal studies with larger cohorts will be needed to validate our results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GITAU, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagutu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sayed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Makokha, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirabo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.07.597892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Association between the JAK-STAT Pathway and Hypertension among Kenyan Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.597311v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Myocardial infarction creates a critical time window for AAV gene therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.10.597311v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a major gene delivery vector for cardiac gene therapy. The factors that influence AAV-based cardiac gene transfer remain incompletely understood. This study showed that myocardial infarction (MI) enhanced cardiac AAV transduction and gene expression in mice after systemic administration, peaking at the third day post MI. These additional AAV vectors enriched at the infarcted region, correlated with the pathological permeabilization of the coronary vessels. The outcome of AAV-base gene therapy for MI, via Camk2d base editing, was significantly improved when AAV was injected at the third day post MI. Together, our findings uncovered a critical therapeutic time window after MI that facilitated AAV-based cardiac gene transfer, which could be harnessed to boost both basic and translational cardiology.

MethodsAdult C57BL/6 mice were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Permanent LAD ligation created the MI model while 30min ligation followed by reperfusion established the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. 2x1011 AAV vectors were injected into the mice via tail vein. The AAV vectors carried transgenes that were activated by the cardiomyocyte-specific Tnnt2 promoter or the constitutively active CMV promoter. AAV expressed luciferase with the hemagglutinin (HA) tag. The amount of AAV vectors were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of genomic DNA. Transgene expression was measured by RT-qPCR at the mRNA level or HA tag immunofluorescence imaging and western blot at the protein level. Luciferase activity was measured via bioluminescence imaging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.10.597311</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Myocardial infarction creates a critical time window for AAV gene therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598808v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PI(3,5)P2 asymmetry during mitosis is essential for asymmetric vacuolar inheritance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.13.598808v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is a low-abundance signaling lipid that plays crucial roles in various cellular processes, including endolysosomal system structure/function, stress response, and cell cycle regulation. PI(3,5)P2 synthesis increases in response to environmental stimuli, yet its behavior in cycling cells under basal conditions remained elusive. Here, we analyzed spatiotemporal changes in PI(3,5)P2 levels during the cell cycle of S. cerevisiae. We found that PI(3,5)P2 accumulates on the vacuole in the daughter-cell while it disappears from the vacuole in the mother-cell during mitosis. Concomitant with the changes in PI(3,5)P2 distribution, the daughter-vacuole became more acidic, whereas the acidity of the mother-vacuole decreased during mitosis. Our data further showed that both PI(3,5)P2 and the PI(3,5)P2 effector protein Atg18 are determinants of vacuolar-pH asymmetry and acidity. Our work, thus, identifies PI(3,5)P2 as a key factor for establishment of vacuolar-pH asymmetry, providing insights into how the mother cell ages while the daughter cell is rejuvenated.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koyuncu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilege, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caydasi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.13.598808</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PI(3,5)P2 asymmetry during mitosis is essential for asymmetric vacuolar inheritance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Therapeutic expression of RAS Degrader RRSP in Pancreatic Cancer via Nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.11.598439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Therapeutic gene expression can address many of the challenges associated with the controlled delivery of intracellularly active biologics, such as enzymes that degrade RAS for treatment of RAS-driven cancers. Here, we demonstrate that an optimized synthetic nonviral gene delivery platform composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-PPS) can block copolymers conjugated to a dendritic cationic peptide (PPDP2) for nontoxic delivery and therapeutic expression of mRNA within human pancreatic cancer cells and tumors. The naturally occurring bacterial enzyme RAS/RAP1-specific endopeptidase (RRSP) is a potent RAS degrader that specifically targets all RAS isoforms. Using PPDP2, rrsp-mRNA is delivered to human pancreatic cells resulting in RRSP protein expression, degradation of RAS, and loss of cell proliferation. Further, pancreatic tumors are reduced with residual tumors lacking detectable RAS and phosphorylated ERK. Using structural modeling, we further demonstrate that a noncatalytic RAS-binding domain of RRSP provides high specificity for RAS. These data support that the synthetic nanocarrier PPDP2 can deliver rrsp-mRNA to pancreatic tumor cells to interrupt the RAS signaling system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Escher, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuk, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubbs, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satchell, K. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.598439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Therapeutic expression of RAS Degrader RRSP in Pancreatic Cancer via Nanocarrier-mediated mRNA delivery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.598973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The continuous differentiation of multiscale structural gradients from childhood to adolescence correlates with the maturation of cortical morphology and functional specialization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.598973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
From childhood to adolescence, the structural organization of the human brain undergoes dynamic and regionally heterogeneous changes across multiple scales, from synaptic pruning to the reorganization of large-scale anatomical wiring. However, during this period, the developmental process of multiscale structural architecture, its association with cortical morphological changes, and its role in the maturation of functional organization remain largely unknown. Here, we utilized a longitudinal multimodal imaging dataset including 276 children aged 6 to 14 years to investigate the developmental process of multiscale cortical wiring. We used an in vivo model of cortical wiring that combines features of white matter tractography, cortico-cortical proximity, and microstructural similarity to construct a multiscale brain structural connectome. By employing the gradient mapping method, the gradient space derived from the multiscale structural connectome effectively recapitulated the sensory-association axis and anterior-posterior axis. Our findings revealed a continuous expansion of the multiscale structural gradient space during development, with the principal gradient increasingly distinguishing between primary and transmodal regions. This age-related differentiation coincided with regionally heterogeneous changes in cortical morphology. Furthermore, our study revealed that developmental changes in coupling between multiscale structural and functional connectivity were correlated with functional specialization refinement, as evidenced by changes in the participation coefficient. We also found that the differentiation of the principal multiscale structural gradient was associated with improved cognitive abilities, such as enhanced working memory and attention performance, and potentially supported by molecular processes related to synaptic functions. These findings advance our understanding of the intricate maturation process of brain structural organization and its implications for cognitive performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.14.598973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The continuous differentiation of multiscale structural gradients from childhood to adolescence correlates with the maturation of cortical morphology and functional specialization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599142v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identifying miRNA Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in a FOXA2-Deficient iPSC Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599142v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pathogenesis of diabetes involves complex changes in the expression profiles of mRNA and non-coding RNAs within pancreatic islet cells. Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have allowed the modeling of diabetes-associated genes. Our recent study using FOXA2-deficient human iPSC models has highlighted an essential role for FOXA2 in the development of human pancreas. Here, we aimed to provide further insights on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) by studying the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in iPSC-derived islets lacking the FOXA2 gene. Consistent with our previous findings, the absence of FOXA2 significantly downregulated the expression of islet hormones, INS, and GCG, alongside other key developmental genes in pancreatic islets. Concordantly, RNA-Seq analysis showed significant downregulation of genes related to pancreatic development and upregulation of genes associated with nervous system development and lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the absence of FOXA2 in iPSC-derived pancreatic islets resulted in significant alterations in miRNA expression, with 61 miRNAs upregulated and 99 downregulated. The upregulated miRNAs targeted crucial genes involved in diabetes and pancreatic islet cell development. In contrary, the absence of FOXA2 in islets showed a network of downregulated miRNAs targeting genes related to nervous system development and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the impact of FOXA2 absence on pancreatic islet development and suggesting intricate miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks affecting pancreatic islet cell development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elsayed, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldous, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alajez, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelalim, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.15.599142</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identifying miRNA Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in a FOXA2-Deficient iPSC Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human transcription factor combinations mapped by genome-wide footprinting with deaminase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.14.599019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An individuals somatic cells have the same genome but exhibit cell-type-specific transcriptome regulated by a combination of transcription factors (TFs) for each gene. Mapping of TF sites on the human genome is critically important for understanding functional genomics. Here we report a novel technique to measure human TFs binding sites genome-wide with single-base resolution by footprinting with deaminase (FOODIE). Single-molecule sequencing reads from thousands of cells after in situ deamination yielded site-specific TF binding fractions and the cooperativity among adjacent TFs. In a human lymphoblastoid cell line, we found that genes in a correlated gene module (CGM) share TF(s) in their cis-regulatory elements to participate a particular biological function. Finally, single-cell resolved experiments (scFOODIE) allow cell-type-specific TF footprinting in heterogeneous brain tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.14.599019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human transcription factor combinations mapped by genome-wide footprinting with deaminase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599146v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bioprinting of aptamer-based programmable bioinks to modulate multiscale microvascular morphogenesis in 4D 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.15.599146v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dynamic growth factor presentation influences how individual endothelial cells assemble into complex vascular networks. Here, we developed programmable bioinks that facilitate dynamic VEGF presentation to guide vascular morphogenesis within 3D-bioprinted constructs. We leveraged aptamers high affinity for rapid VEGF sequestration in spatially confined regions and utilized aptamer-complementary sequence (CS) hybridization to tune VEGF release kinetics temporally, days after bioprinting. We show that spatial resolution of programmable bioink, combined with CS-triggered VEGF release, significantly influences alignment, organization, and morphogenesis of microvascular networks in bioprinted constructs. The presence of aptamer-tethered VEGF and the generation of instantaneous VEGF gradients upon CS-triggering restricted hierarchical network formation to the printed aptamer regions at all spatial resolutions. Network properties improved as the spatial resolution decreased, with low-resolution designs yielding the highest network properties. Specifically, CS-treated low-resolution designs exhibited significant vascular network remodeling, with increase in vessel density(1.35-fold), branching density(1.54-fold), and average vessel length(2.19-fold) compared to non-treated samples. Our results suggests that CS acts as an external trigger capable of inducing time-controlled changes in network organization and alignment on-demand within spatially localized regions of a bioprinted construct. We envision that these programmable bioinks will open new opportunities for bioengineering functional, hierarchically self-organized vascular networks within engineered tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rana, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rangel, V. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Padmanaban, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trikalitis, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouwkema, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.15.599146</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bioprinting of aptamer-based programmable bioinks to modulate multiscale microvascular morphogenesis in 4D]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ccdc66 regulates primary cilium stability, disassembly and signaling important for epithelial organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The primary cilium is a conserved, microtubule-based organelle that transduces signaling pathways essential for development and homeostasis. It is a dynamic structure that assembles and disassembles in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli while maintaining remarkable stability and tightly controlled length. Although cilium assembly is well-understood, less is known about the molecular players and pathways governing their stability, length and disassembly. Here, we elucidated the function of Ccdc66, a microtubule-associated protein linked to ciliopathies, in cilium maintenance and disassembly in mouse epithelial cells. We found that Ccdc66 depletion disrupts cilium disassembly, length and stability, but does not affect assembly in these cells. Live imaging of these processes revealed that cilia in Ccdc66-depleted cells frequently fluctuate in length and exhibit increased ectocytosis from the cilium tip. Phenotypic rescue experiments and in vitro microtubule stabilization assays showed that Ccdc66 mediates these functions via regulating the stability of microtubules. Temporal proximity mapping of CCDC66 identified potential new regulators and molecular pathways involved in cilium disassembly. Additionally, depletion of CCDC66 compromised Hedgehog and Wnt pathway activation and disrupted epithelial cell organization and polarity in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cultures. Collectively, our results define Ccdc66 as a new microtubule-stabilizing factor that regulates cilium stability and disassembly, providing insights into the mechanisms of cilium homeostasis and the pathologies associated with Ccdc66.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deretic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cengiz-Emek, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyrek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ccdc66 regulates primary cilium stability, disassembly and signaling important for epithelial organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599253v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Prime editor-based high-throughput screening reveals functional synonymous mutations in the human genome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.16.599253v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synonymous mutations are generally considered neutral, while their roles in the human genome remain largely unexplored. Herein, we employed the PEmax system to create a library of 297,900 epegRNAs and performed extensive screening to identify synonymous mutations that impact cell fitness. While most synonymous mutations are neutral, we found that some can elicit phenotypic effects. By developing a specialized machine learning tool, we uncovered their impact on various biological processes such as mRNA splicing and transcription, supported by multifaceted experimental evidence. Notably, synonymous mutations can alter RNA folding and affect translation, as demonstrated by PLK1_S2. By integrating screening data with our model, we successfully predicted clinically deleterious synonymous mutations. This research deepens our understanding of synonymous mutations and provides insights for clinical disease studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.16.599253</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Prime editor-based high-throughput screening reveals functional synonymous mutations in the human genome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nuclear receptor E75/NR1D2 drives tumor malignant transformation by integrating Hippo and Notch pathways 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hormone therapy resistance and the ensuing aggressive progression of tumors present a significant clinical challenge. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of tumor malignancy by hormone inhibition remain poorly understood. Here we show that Drosophila malignant epithelial tumors exhibit a comparable decrease in ecdysone signaling, the primary steroid hormone pathway in Drosophila. Furthermore, we find that ectopic expression of the nuclear receptor E75 partially mimics ecdysone signaling inhibition, specifically promoting the malignant transformation of benign tumors by integrating the Hippo and Notch signaling pathways. Genome-wide DNA binding profiles and biochemistry data reveal that E75 not only physically interacts with the transcription factors of both Hippo and Notch pathways, but also exhibits widespread co-binding to their target genes, thus contributing to tumor malignancy. Moreover, we validate these findings by demonstrating that depletion of NR1D2, the mammalian equivalent of E75, inhibits the activation of Hippo and Notch target genes, impeding glioblastoma progression in vivo. In summary, our study unveils a previously unrecognized mechanism by which hormone inhibition promotes tumor malignant transformation, while providing a conserved mechanistic understanding of how Hippo and Notch pathways are integrated by the oncogene E75/NR1D2 during tumor progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nuclear receptor E75/NR1D2 drives tumor malignant transformation by integrating Hippo and Notch pathways]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600692v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyommatine blue butterflies reveal unexpected integrity of the W sex chromosome amid extensive chromosome fragmentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.25.600692v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chromosomal rearrangements are crucial in speciation, acting as barriers to gene flow. Holocentric chromosomes, such as those in Lepidoptera, can facilitate karyotype changes. Despite chromosome fusions being more common, speciation events are mostly linked to fissions. Notable karyotypic variation is observed in three clades of the subfamily Polyommatinae (Lycaenidae), with chromosome numbers ranging from n = 10 to n = 225. This study used flow cytometry and molecular cytogenetic analyses to investigate genome sizes and karyotypes in several species of the genera Polyommatus and Lysandra with derived and modal chromosome numbers. The findings show no support for polyploidy, supporting karyotypic diversification via fragmentation of chromosomes. Species with high chromosome numbers have larger genomes, which indicates a potential role of mobile elements but contradicts the hypothesis of holocentric drive. Telomeric signals were detected at the ends of fragmented chromosomes. No interstitial telomeric sequences were detected on autosomes. Interstitial telomeric signals on sex chromosomes, however, revealed multiple sex chromosome systems in Polyommatus dorylas and Polyommatus icarus, with two karyotype races differing in sex chromosome constitution in the latter. Pool-seq and coverage analyses indicated shared fusion of sex chromosomes with an autosome bearing the rDNA locus, followed by a fusion with chromosome 20 in the Czech population. Notably, the W chromosome resists fragmentation, likely due to epigenetic silencing protecting it from activity of mobile elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hospodarska, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung Volenikova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutecky, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vila, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Talavera, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provaznikova, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalikova, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.25.600692</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyommatine blue butterflies reveal unexpected integrity of the W sex chromosome amid extensive chromosome fragmentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cellular and Molecular Changes During Aging in MEC: Unveiling the Role of Bglap3 Neurons in Cognitive Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.27.600930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging-correlated cognitive declines, including deficiencies in spatial orientation and memory, may reflect dysfunction in the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). However, aging-related changes in MEC at the cellular and molecular levels remain unclear. In this study, we found fewer grid cells with reduced spatial stability in old mice. We compared gene expression profiles between young and old mice using 10x Genomics Visium technology. Among 1664 differentially expressed genes, we discovered Bglap3, a marker gene for subpopulation in MEC Layer III with decreased cell number with age. Silencing of Bglap3+ neurons in young mice impaired the spatial tuning of neurons in MEC and the spatial learning of a new platform location in water maze. These findings help us to understand the cellular and molecular changes in the MEC in healthy aging animals and the changes of Bglap3+ cells in old mice indicating a possible cause of aging-related MEC deficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzeen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.27.600930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cellular and Molecular Changes During Aging in MEC: Unveiling the Role of Bglap3 Neurons in Cognitive Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRISM: Multiplexed Profiling of RNA In-Situ through Single-round of Imaging in Three-Dimensional Tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial RNA imaging has not been widely adopted because conventional fluorescence microscopy is limited to only a few channels, and the cyclic reactions needed to increase multiplexing in techniques such as sequential fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) require sophisticated instrumentation. Here, we introduce  Profiling of RNA In-situ through Single-round iMaging (PRISM), a method that expands coding capacity through color intensity grading. Using a radius vector filtering strategy to ensure the distinguishability of codewords in color space, PRISM achieves up to 64-plex color-barcoded RNA imaging in a single imaging round with conventional microscopes. We validate PRISMs versatility across various tissues by generating a 3D atlas of mouse embryonic development from E12.5 to E14.5, a quasi-3D tumor-normal transition landscape of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a 3D cell atlas and subcellular RNA localization landscapes of mouse brain. Additionally, we show the critical role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in mediating immune infiltration and immune response heterogeneity within and between tumor microenvironments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.29.601330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRISM: Multiplexed Profiling of RNA In-Situ through Single-round of Imaging in Three-Dimensional Tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GeneLLM: A Large cfRNA Language Model for Cancer Screening from Raw Reads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.29.601341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present GeneLLM, a novel large language model that offers a transformative approach to non-invasive cancer detection and biomarker discovery by directly interpreting plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) sequences. Unlike traditional annotation-dependent methods, GeneLLM operates without prior knowledge, achieving significantly improved multi-cancer detection accuracy. Critically, GeneLLM identifies novel cfRNAs ( pseudo-biomarkers) originating from previously unannotated genomic regions-overlooked by existing methods-offering new therapeutic targets and insights into intercellular communication. This innovative, cost-effective approach bypasses traditional bioinformatics tools, generating novel  pseudo-biomarkers that outperform existing methods even with low-depth sequencing data. Consequently, GeneLLM opens new avenues for biomarker discovery and expands our understanding of the extracellular transcriptomes role in cancer development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.29.601341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GeneLLM: A Large cfRNA Language Model for Cancer Screening from Raw Reads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601411v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Devonian stromatoporoid historical collections in the Natural History Museum, London (UK): redescription, taxonomic revision and implications for stromatoporoid global paleobiogeography 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601411v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Devonian stromatoporoid collections in the Natural History Museum, London (UK) have been deposited for over 100 years. The characteristics and systematic position of these specimens, however, have received little attention. In this study, a total of 307 Devonian stromatoporoid specimens comprising material documented by Nicholson (1886-1892) from the UK, Germany, United States, and Canada, plus specimens described by Ripper (1933, 1937a, b, c) from Australia, were re-examined. Overall, 50 species belonging to 29 genera were systematically redescribed based on recent progress, mainly including Actinostroma, Petridiostroma, Stictostroma, Pseudotrupetostroma, Parallelopora. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the type genus are illustrated following the earlier works of Stearn (1966) and Cockbain (1984). The reconstructed skeletons reveal stromatoporoid architectural patterns, crucial for enhancing understanding and revision of stromatoporoid identification. This study underscores the significance of three-dimensional reconstruction in taxonomic research on stromatoporoid. The NHMUK material is combined with data from publications and the Paleobiology Database (PBDB) to perform a network analysis of the global occurrence of Devonian stromatoporoids at the generic level; this reveals a close relationship of global stromatoporoid fauna during the Early Devonian, indicating a widespread distribution, despite this interval being regarded as a time of global stromatoporoid contraction. The Middle Devonian assemblage shows a much higher cosmopolitan occurrence in the context of the subsequent Eifelian-Givetian global stromatoporoid proliferation, consistent with the known pattern from other studies of Middle Devonian stromatoporoids. Overall, the NHMUK collections are a valuable resource to help understand the global occurrence of Devonian stromatoporoids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sendino, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kershaw, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601411</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Devonian stromatoporoid historical collections in the Natural History Museum, London (UK): redescription, taxonomic revision and implications for stromatoporoid global paleobiogeography]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MetaGXplore: Integrating Multi-Omics Data with Graph Convolutional Networks for Pan-cancer Patient Metastasis Identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.06.30.601445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant anatomical sites, known as tumor metastasis, poses a significant challenge in clinical prognosis, impairing treatment efficacy and reducing patient survival time. Current methods for predicting and diagnosing tumor metastasis rely heavily on extensive examinations and subjective clinical judgments. Accurate and rapid prediction of tumor metastasis likelihood remains an unresolved challenge, crucial for guiding effective clinical interventions and extending patient survival. Additionally, identifying key genes highly associated with metastasis probability is a pressing issue, essential for providing valuable insights into the potential identification of tumor metastasis-specific biomarkers. We developed MetaGXplore, a pioneering Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GCN)-based framework designed to predict metastasis probability by integrating pan-cancer multi-omic datasets with a protein-protein interaction network, while also identifying key genes involved in the metastatic process. Multi-omics datasets offer a comprehensive view of cancer biology, enhancing accuracy in metastasis forecasting through superior deep learning algorithms. Our classification model results were interpreted with GNNExplainer. The efficacy of MetaGXplore was validated via model evaluations, graph structure analysis, and multi-omics data assessment. Enrichment analysis of key genes further explored their biological roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.06.30.601445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MetaGXplore: Integrating Multi-Omics Data with Graph Convolutional Networks for Pan-cancer Patient Metastasis Identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progerin Can Induce DNA Damage in the Absence of Global Changes in Replication or Cell Proliferation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by features of accelerated aging, and individuals with HGPS seldom live beyond their mid-teens. The syndrome is commonly caused by a point mutation in the LMNA gene which codes for lamin A and its splice variant lamin C, components of the nuclear lamina. The mutation causing HGPS leads to production of a truncated, farnesylated form of lamin A referred to as "progerin." Progerin is also expressed at low levels in healthy individuals and appears to play a role in normal aging. HGPS is associated with an accumulation of genomic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and alterations in the nature of DSB repair. The source of DSBs in HGPS is often attributed to stalling and subsequent collapse of replication forks in conjunction with faulty recruitment of repair factors to damage sites. In this work, we used a model system involving immortalized human cell lines to investigate progerin-induced genomic damage. Using an immunofluorescence approach to visualize phosphorylated histone H2AX foci which mark sites of genomic damage, we report that cells engineered to express progerin displayed a significant elevation of endogenous damage in the absence of any change in the cell cycle profile or doubling time of cells. Genomic damage was enhanced and persistent in progerin-expressing cells treated with hydroxyurea. Overexpression of wild-type lamin A did not elicit the outcomes associated with progerin expression. Our results show that DNA damage caused by progerin can occur independently from global changes in replication or cell proliferation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Joudeh, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuck, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiCintio, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Waldman, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progerin Can Induce DNA Damage in the Absence of Global Changes in Replication or Cell Proliferation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601454v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unsilenced inhibitory cortical ensemble gates remote memory retrieval 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601454v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Acquired information can be consolidated to remote memory for storage but persists in a dormant state until its retrieval. However, it remains unknown how dormant memory is reactivated. Using a combination of simultaneous two-photon calcium imaging and holographic optogenetics in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in vivo, we discover a subset of GABAergic neurons that are specifically associated with dormant memory retrieval. These interneurons display persistent activity and inter-neuronal synchronization at the remote memory stage. In the absence of natural contextual cues, directly activating these interneurons reliably recalls cortical ensembles relevant to remote memory retrieval with context specificity. Conversely, targeted volumetric inactivation of these interneurons suppresses context-induced memory retrieval. Our results reveal an unexpected role of unsilenced inhibitory cortical ensembles in causally gating the retrievability of dormant remote memory.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheng, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601454</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unsilenced inhibitory cortical ensemble gates remote memory retrieval]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Drug-Elicitable Alternative-Splicing Module (DreAM) for Tunable AAV Expression and Controlled Myocardial Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a major vector for gene therapy. A technique to fine-tune the time and level of AAV expression is lacking, which greatly restricts indication choice, therapeutic efficacy and safety. To solve this problem, here we developed a drug-elicitable alternative-splicing module (DreAM) responsive to risdiplam, an FDA-approved alternative splicing modulator. Risdiplam activates DreAM-regulated AAV expression in a dose-dependent manner with an over 2000-fold inducible change depending on the inducer dosage and the organ of interests. With a temporally resolution of a couple of days, DreAM could repeatedly activate AAV expression, determined by the frequency and duration of risdiplam administration. As an example of DreAM-realized gene therapy, this technique was used to control AAV-based cardiac delivery of YAP5SA, a potent cardiomyocyte regeneration factor. DreAM transiently activated AAV-YAP5SA, establishing the dedifferentiation-proliferation-redifferentiation cycle in cardiomyocytes. Consequently, DreAM fulfilled the regenerative capacity of AAV-YAP5SA in myocardial infarction while circumventing toxicity associated with prolonged AAV-YAP5SA expression. Together, these data demonstrated a tremendous potential of DreAM to enhance the efficacy, safety and applicable scope of gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pu, W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Drug-Elicitable Alternative-Splicing Module (DreAM) for Tunable AAV Expression and Controlled Myocardial Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601588v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Floral visitors differentially respond to local and landscape grassland features 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.01.601588v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
O_LIPredicting how habitat composition alters communities of mobile ecosystem service providers remains a major challenge in community ecology. This is partially because separate taxonomic groups that provide the same service may respond uniquely to changes in habitat and associated resource availability. Further, the spatial scale at which habitat features impact each group can vary. Failure to account for these differences significantly limits the ability to quantify shared versus contrasting responses to habitat for important ecosystem service-providing groups.
C_LIO_LIWe investigated the impacts of local (habitat patch level) and landscape features in the US Southern Great Plains on groups of pollinating insects with different basic biologies: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. Habitat features included local flower and shelter resources as well as landscape-scale semi-natural habitat.
C_LIO_LIWe found that bare ground supported more Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera but fewer Diptera, while more diverse flower communities supported more Hymenoptera but fewer Coleoptera. Interestingly, given that this study occurred in a grassland system, forest cover in the surrounding landscape more strongly affected pollinator diversity than grassland cover did. Landscapes with more woodland had higher Coleoptera and Diptera richness.
C_LIO_LIOur results highlight that pollinator conservation and sustainable land management depend on understanding the habitat needs, including shelter, of diverse pollinators. Because taxa can have opposite responses to specific habitat features or scales, providing a range of grassland management practices (e.g., variety in the timing and type of biomass removal) may be the most effective approach to support the broader pollinator community.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lichtenberg, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiser, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baum, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neff, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.01.601588</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Floral visitors differentially respond to local and landscape grassland features]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A VgrG2b fragment cleaved by caspase-11/4 promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The T6SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an essential role in the establishment of chronic infections. Inflammatory cytokines mediated by inflammasomes are crucial for the body to resist bacterial infections. Here we found that during the infection of P. aeruginosa, non-canonical inflammasome was activated in macrophages, but the activation of downstream NLRP3 inflammasome was inhibited. The VgrG2b of P. aeruginosa is recognized and cleaved by caspase-11, generating a free C-terminal fragment. The VgrG2b C-terminus can bind to NLRP3, inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by rejecting NEK7 binding to NLRP3. Administrating a specific peptide that inhibits the cleavage of VgrG2b by caspase-11 to mice can significantly improve their survival rate during infection. Our discovery elucidates a mechanism by which P. aeruginosa inhibits host immune response, providing a new approach for the future clinical treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A VgrG2b fragment cleaved by caspase-11/4 promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601668v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physical constraints and biological regulations underlie universal osmoresponses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.02.601668v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microorganisms constantly transition between environments with dramatically different external osmolarities. However, theories of microbial osmoresponse integrating physical constraints and biological regulations are lacking. Here, we propose such a theory, utilizing the separation of timescales for passive responses and active regulations. We demonstrate that regulations of osmolyte production and cell-wall synthesis assist cells in coping with intracellular crowding effects and adapting to a broad range of external osmolarity. Furthermore, we predict a threshold value above which cells cannot grow, ubiquitous across bacteria and yeast. Intriguingly, the theory predicts a dramatic speedup of cell growth after an abrupt decrease in external osmolarity due to cell-wall synthesis regulation. Our theory rationalizes the unusually fast growth observed in fission yeast after an oscillatory osmotic perturbation, and the predicted growth rate peaks match quantitatively with experimental measurements. Our study reveals the physical basis of osmoresponse, yielding farreaching implications for microbial physiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.02.601668</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physical constraints and biological regulations underlie universal osmoresponses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omicron-specific ultra-potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies targeting the N1/N2 loop of Spike N-terminal domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A multitude of functional mutations continue to emerge on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Understanding the immunogenicity of Omicron NTD and the properties of antibodies elicited by it is crucial for comprehending the impact of NTD mutations on viral fitness and guiding vaccine design. In this study, we find that most of NTD-targeting antibodies isolated from individuals with BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection (BTI) are ancestral (wildtype or WT)-reactive and non-neutralizing. Surprisingly, we identified five ultra-potent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that can only bind to Omicron but not WT NTD. Structural analysis revealed that they bind to a unique epitope on the N1/N2 loop of NTD and interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) via the light chain. These Omicron-specific NAbs achieve neutralization through ACE2 competition and blockage of ACE2-mediated S1 shedding. However, BA.2.86 and BA.2.87.1, which carry insertions or deletions on the N1/N2 loop, can evade these antibodies. Together, we provided a detailed map of the NTD-targeting antibody repertoire in the post-Omicron era, demonstrating their vulnerability to NTD mutations enabled by its evolutionary flexibility, despite their potent neutralization. These results highlighted the importance of considering the immunogenicity of NTD in vaccine design.

Author SummaryCOVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a major global public health concern four years after its emergence. The N-terminal domain (NTD) is a critical component of the spike glycoprotein, which is pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry and serves as a primary target for antibody therapeutics and vaccine development. Characterizing the properties of antibodies elicited by NTD of Omicron sublineages is crucial for understanding viral evolution and guiding vaccine design. Here, we show that Omicron infection after vaccination induces majorly non-neutralizing NTD antibodies. Still, we identified a class of ultra-potent neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) which specifically bind to the NTD of Omicron sublineages. These NAbs neutralize the virus by competing with ACE2 and blocking ACE2-mediated S1 shedding. Structural analyses reveal that these antibodies target a unique epitope on the N1/N2 loop of NTD, and intriguingly interact with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike glycoprotein. This class of NAbs with the special binding pattern, are escaped by BA.2.86 and BA.2.87.1 sublineages, shedding light on the role of recently emerged mutations in the N1/N2 loop of NTD. Our findings provide fresh insights into the immunogenicity of Omicron NTD, highlighting its capacity for antibody evasion due to its evolutionary flexibility. This underscores the importance of carefully considering the NTD component in vaccine design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yisimayi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omicron-specific ultra-potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies targeting the N1/N2 loop of Spike N-terminal domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
First-male sperm precedence in polyandrous Spodoptera frugiperda allows sterile males induce population suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.10.602994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Males respond to intense sperm competition by adapting reproductive strategies to promote fertilization success, which is critical for population reproduction. Thus, investigating the patterns and mechanisms of sperm competition is crucial for the development and application of pest population management techniques. In this study, we analyzed the sperm precedence pattern of a major pest, the fall armyworm, and used this pattern to manage the pest population. First, we found that females had a post-mating response and did not gain direct benefit through multiple mating. Next, in a double mating experiment, we used a molecular marker created by CRISPR/Cas9 to determine that most females use only the sperm of the first male to produce offspring. To further explore the role of fertilizing sperm in sperm competition, we constructed a sterile male line with eupyrene sperm defect by knocking out the B2t gene. Interestingly, two round mating assays showed that first mating with B2t-null males inhibited sperm fertilization from a second wild-type male. In other words, prior mating with B2t-null males significantly reduced the fertility and fecundity of females. Based on this finding, we continued to explore whether sperm-deficient sterile males could be used in the management of FAW populations. Cage experiments and mathematical modeling analyses showed that the release of excess B2t-null males induced population suppression. Our study expands our knowledge of sperm competition patterns in lepidopteran. In addition, our study provides a paradigm to develop and apply genetic control methods based on sperm competition outcome in polyandrous pests.

SignificanceSperm competition is essential for maintaining population reproduction. Understanding patterns and mechanisms of sperm competition facilitates the development of appropriate pest genetic control methods. Here, we describe that a globally major pest, the fall armyworm displays the first-male sperm precedence pattern. Interestingly, first mating with B2t-null males, which produces non-functional eupyrene sperm, significantly reduces the fertility and fecundity of females. That means that the ejaculate of the first male, even if its eupyrene sperm are defective, can inhibit sperm fertilization from a second wild-type male. Based on this, the release of excess B2t-null males significantly suppresses FAW populations. These results suggest that future development of genetic control techniques based on targeting nucleated sperm can effectively control FAW populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, L.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palli, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.10.602994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[First-male sperm precedence in polyandrous Spodoptera frugiperda allows sterile males induce population suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Importance of transcript variants in transcriptome analyses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) has become a widely adopted genome-wide technique for investigating gene expression patterns. However, conventional RNA-Seq analyses typically rely on gene expression (GE) values that aggregate all the transcripts produced by a gene under a single identifier, overlooking the complexity of transcript variants arising from different transcription start sites and alternative splicing events. In this study, we explored the implications of neglecting transcript variants in RNA-Seq analyses. Among the 1334 transcription factor (TF) genes expressed in mouse embryonic stem (ES) or trophoblast stem (TS) cells, 652 were reported to be differentially expressed in TS cells based on GE values (365 upregulated and 287 downregulated, [&ge;]2-fold, FDR p-value [&le;]0.05). Intriguingly, differential gene expression analysis revealed that of the 365 upregulated genes, 883 transcript variants were expressed, with only 174 (<20%) variants exhibiting upregulation based on transcript expression (TE) values. The remaining 709 (>80%) variants were either down-regulated or showed no significant change in expression analysis. Similarly, the 287 genes reported to be downregulated expressed 856 transcript variants, with only 153 (<20%) downregulated variants and 703 (>82%) variants that were upregulated or showed no significant changes. Additionally, the 682 TF genes that did not show significant changes between ES and TS cells (GE values < 2-fold changes and/or FDR p-values >0.05) expressed 2215 transcript variants, which included 477 (>21%) that were differentially expressed (276 upregulated and 201 downregulated, [&ge;]2-fold, FDR p-value [&le;]0.05). Notably, a particular gene does not express just one protein; rather its transcript variants encode multiple proteins with distinct functional domains, including non-coding regulatory RNAs. Our findings underscore the critical necessity of considering transcript variants in RNA-Seq analyses. Doing so may enable a more precise understanding of the intricate functional and regulatory landscape of genes; ignoring the variants may result in an erroneous interpretation.

Graphic Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=110 SRC="FIGDIR/small/603122v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (29K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1371b9corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f5c037org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e5f79org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e20cb_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Differential expression of transcription factors (TFs) between mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and trophoblast stem (TS) cells. This graphic presentation clearly demonstrates the importance of including transcript variants during RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Panel A represents the conventional differential gene expression analysis approach after RNA-Seq, where all transcript reads are taken under a single gene name. Panel B takes differential gene expression analysis one step further by examining all the transcript variants that were previously hidden under the main gene name. Our results indicate that exclusive gene expression (GE) analysis inaccurately defines over 80% of the transcript expression (TE). Without analyses of all the transcript variants reads, we fail to uncover the functional importance of the variants and the regulation of their expression. Both GE and TE values are expressed as transcript per million (TPM). Data analyses were performed by using CLC Genomics Workbench.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamadi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamadi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.603122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Importance of transcript variants in transcriptome analyses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mandrel Diameter is a Dominating Parameter for Fiber Alignment Control in Rotating Mandrel Electrospinning Systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.11.603153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aligned nano and micron-sized electrospun scaffolds are advantageous for 3D in vitro models of fibrous, aligned tissue. A common approach to induce alignment is to collect on a rotating mandrel at high rotational speeds. Historically, rotating mandrel speed has been considered the major driver in tuning the degree of alignment even though mandrel diameter is known to modulate linear velocity and increase alignment. However, the comparative impact of mandrel diameter vs. rotating mandrel speed has not been systemically investigated. As such, this study aimed to investigate the role of mandrel diameter on fiber alignment, fiber fraction, and fiber diameter under controlled modulation of common processing parameters including applied voltage, distance to collector, and mandrel rotational speed. Analysis of all samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis by the DiameterJ and OrientationJ plugins in ImageJ. Using linear regression analysis in JMP software, mandrel diameter was shown to be the dominant factor influencing fiber diameter, fiber fraction, and fiber alignment of samples at all tested conditions including increased rotational speed. Overall, these findings suggest that rather than increasing rotational speed of the collector, fiber alignment can be more finely tuned by increasing mandrel diameter.

Graphical Abstract

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meinhold, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tankersley, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darlington, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.11.603153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mandrel Diameter is a Dominating Parameter for Fiber Alignment Control in Rotating Mandrel Electrospinning Systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Single Trophoblast Layer Acts as the Gatekeeper at the Endothelial-Hematopoietic Crossroad in the Placenta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.12.603303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During embryonic development the placental vasculature acts as a major hematopoietic niche, where endothelial to hematopoietic transition ensures emergence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the placental hematoendothelial niche are poorly understood. Using a parietal trophoblast giant cell (TGC)-specific knockout mouse model and single-cell RNA-sequencing, we show that the paracrine factors secreted by the TGCs are critical in the development of this niche. Disruptions in the TGC-specific paracrine signaling leads to the loss of HSC population and the concomitant expansion of a KDR+/DLL4+/PROM1+ hematoendothelial cell-population in the placenta. Combining single- cell transcriptomics and receptor-ligand pair analyses, we also define the parietal TGC- dependent paracrine signaling network and identify Integrin signaling as a fundamental regulator of this process. Our study elucidates novel mechanisms by which non-autonomous signaling from the primary parietal TGCs maintain the delicate placental hematopoietic- angiogenic balance and ensures embryonic and extraembryonic development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Home, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouseph, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leone, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.12.603303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Single Trophoblast Layer Acts as the Gatekeeper at the Endothelial-Hematopoietic Crossroad in the Placenta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.13.603353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The discovery of phages in the Substantia Nigra and its implication for Parkinson's Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.13.603353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundA century ago, a mystery between virus and Parkinsons disease (PD) was described. Owing to the limitation of human brain biopsy and the challenge of electron microscopy in observing virions in human brain tissue, it has been difficult to study the viral etiology of PD. Recent discovery of virobiota reveals that viruses coexist with humans as symbionts. Newly-developed transcriptomic sequencing and novel bioinformatic approaches for mining the encrypted virome in human transcriptome make it possible to study the relationship between symbiotic viruses and PD. Nevertheless, whether viruses exist in the human substantial nigra (SN), and whether symbiotic viruses underlie PD pathogenesis remain unknown.

MethodsWe collected current worldwide human SN transcriptomic datasets from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Switzerland. We used bioinformatic approaches including viruSITE and the Virus-Track to identify the existence of viruses in the SN of patients. The comprehensive RNA sequencing-based virome analysis pipeline was used to characterize the virobiota in the SN. The Pearsons correlation analysis was used to examine the association between the viral RNA fragment counts (VRFC) and PD-related human gene sequencing reads in the SN. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SN between PD patients and non-PD individuals were used to examine the molecular signatures of PD and also evaluate the impact of symbiotic viruses on the SN.

FindingsWe observed the existence of viruses in the human SN. A dysbiosis of virobiota was found in the SN of PD patients. A significant correlation between VRFC and PD-related human gene expression was detected in the SN of PD patients. These PD-related human genes correlated to VRFC were named as the virus-correlated PD-related genes (VPGs). We identified three bacteriophages (phages), including the Proteus phage VB_PmiS-Isfahan, the Escherichia phage phiX174 and the Lactobacillus phage Sha1, that might impair the gene expression of neural cells in the SN of PD patients. The Proteus phage VB_PmiS-Isfahan was a common virus in the SN of patients from the UK, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. VPGs and DEGs together highlighted that the phages might dampen dopamine biosynthesis and weaken cGAS-STING function.

InterpretationThis is the first study to discover the involvement of phages in PD pathogenesis. A life-long low symbiotic viral load in the SN may be a contributor to PD pathogenesis. Our findings unlocked the black box between brain virobiota and PD, providing a novel insight into PD etiology from the perspective of phages-human symbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.13.603353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The discovery of phages in the Substantia Nigra and its implication for Parkinson's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603432v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Beyond Static Models: The Dynamic Interplay of Facial Emotions and Attentional Scope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.15.603432v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The interplay between emotion and attention has long been intensely scrutinized, with competing theories proposing divergent mechanisms. Building on our previous work, here we present evidence that refines these perspectives, revealing a nuanced, temporally dynamic relationship between emotional stimuli and attentional focus. Using a modified Flanker task with facial emotion cues, we demonstrate that the effects of emotional stimuli on attention evolve over time, contrary to traditional fixed-effect assumptions. Our results show distinct temporal patterns: Neutral faces elicited typical flanker effects initially, but only interference persisted later. Early-stage happy faces amplified flanker facilitation but not interference, while threat faces augmented flanker interference but not facilitation. In the late stage, flanker facilitation disappeared across all emotion conditions, and interference patterns converged, mirroring the neutral face condition. These findings indicate emotions influence on attention is more complex and dynamic than previously recognized, potentially reflecting learning or habituation processes. We propose a new framework for understanding emotion-attention interactions that transcends traditional dichotomies of attention focus and approach-avoidance, offering a more nuanced perspective on this critical cognitive interface.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.15.603432</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Beyond Static Models: The Dynamic Interplay of Facial Emotions and Attentional Scope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Waves of Colonization and Gene Flow in a Great Speciator 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.18.603796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages offers a test of reproductive isolating mechanisms that may have accrued in isolation. Such instances of contact can produce stable hybrid zones--where reproductive isolation can further develop via reinforcement or phenotypic displacement--or result in the lineages merging. Ongoing secondary contact is most visible in continental systems, where steady input from parental taxa can occur readily. In oceanic island systems, however, secondary contact between closely related species of birds is relatively rare. When observed on sufficiently small islands, relative to population size, secondary contact likely represents a recent phenomenon. Here, we examine the dynamics of a group of birds whose apparent widespread hybridization influenced Ernst Mayrs foundational work on allopatric speciation: the whistlers of Fiji (Aves: Pachycephala). We demonstrate two clear instances of secondary contact within the Fijian archipelago, one resulting in a hybrid zone on a larger island, and the other resulting in a wholly admixed population on a smaller, adjacent island. We leveraged low genome-wide divergence in the hybrid zone to pinpoint a single genomic region associated with observed phenotypic differences. We use genomic data to present a new hypothesis that emphasizes rapid plumage evolution and post-divergence gene flow.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gyllenhaal, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brady, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeCicco, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naikatini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.18.603796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Waves of Colonization and Gene Flow in a Great Speciator]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural diversity of mitochondria in the neuromuscular system across development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.19.604219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As an animal matures, its neural circuit undergoes alterations, yet the developmental changes in intracellular organelles to facilitate these changes is less understood. Using 3D electron microscopy and deep learning, we developed semi-automated methods for reconstructing mitochondria in C. elegans and collected mitochondria reconstructions from normal reproductive stages and dauer, enabling comparative study on mitochondria structure within the neuromuscular system. We found that various mitochondria structural properties in neurons correlate with synaptic connections and these properties are preserved across development in different neural circuits. To test the necessity of these universal mitochondria properties, we examined the behavior in drp-1 mutants with impaired mitochondria fission and discovered that it caused behavioral deficits. Moreover, we observed that dauer neurons display distinctive mitochondrial features, and mitochondria in dauer muscles exhibit unique reticulum-like structure. We propose that this specialized mitochondria structure may serve as an adaptive mechanism to support stage-specific behavioral and physiological needs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bae, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K. C. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.19.604219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural diversity of mitochondria in the neuromuscular system across development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR52 is a Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Multicellular Organization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.22.604482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Statement of SignificanceWe showed that loss of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR52 in human breast cell lines leads to increased cell clustering, hybrid/partial EMT, and increased tumor burden in zebrafish.

BackgroundG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane-bound receptors that transmit critical signals from extracellular to intracellular spaces. Transcriptomic data of resected breast tumors show that low mRNA expression of orphan GPCR GPR52 correlates with reduced overall survival in patients with breast cancer, leading to the hypothesis that loss of GPR52 supports breast cancer progression.

MethodsCRISPR-Cas9 was used to knockout GPR52 in the human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, and in the non-cancerous breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. 2D and 3D in vitro studies, electron microscopy, Matrigel culture, and a zebrafish xenograft model were used to assess the morphology and behavior of GPR52 KO cells. RNA-sequencing and proteomic analyses were also conducted on these cell lines, and transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to compare GPR52-null and wild-type (WT) signatures in breast cancer.

ResultsLoss of GPR52 was found to be associated with increased cell-cell interaction in 2D cultures, altered 3D spheroid morphology, and increased propensity to organize and invade collectively in Matrigel. Furthermore, GPR52 loss was associated with features of EMT in MDA-MB-468 cells, and zebrafish injected with GPR52 KO cells developed a greater total cancer area than those injected with control cells. RNA sequencing and proteomic analyses of GPR52-null breast cancer cells revealed an increased cAMP signaling signature. Consistently, we found that treatment of wild-type (WT) cells with forskolin, which stimulates the production of cAMP, induces phenotypic changes associated with GPR52 loss, and inhibition of cAMP production rescued some GPR52 KO phenotypes.

ConclusionGPR52 is an orphan GPCR and its role in cancer progression has not been previously characterized. We found that GPR52 loss in breast cancer cells can lead to increased cell clustering, collective invasion, and EMT in vitro. These are features of increased cancer aggression. Our results reveal that GPR52 loss is a potential mechanism by which breast cancer progression may occur and support the investigation of GPR52 agonism as a therapeutic option for breast cancer.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanif, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Au, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torregroza, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jannath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fabiha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhinder, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devost, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhardwaj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anand, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palikhe, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elemento, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dow, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blenis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hebert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.22.604482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR52 is a Novel Regulator of Breast Cancer Multicellular Organization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604861v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.23.604861v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection has long been considered an environmental factor precipitating Type 1 diabetes (T1D), an autoimmune disease marked by loss of insulin-producing {beta} cells within pancreatic islets. Previous studies have shown CVB infection negatively impacts islet function and viability but do not report on how virus infection individually affects the multiple cell types present in human primary islets. Therefore, we hypothesized that the various islet cell populations have unique transcriptional responses to CVB infection. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on human cadaveric islets treated with either CVB or poly(I:C), a viral mimic, for 24 and 48 hours. Our global analysis reveals CVB differentially induces dynamic transcriptional changes associated with multiple cell processes and functions over time whereas poly(I:C) promotes an immune response that progressively increases with treatment duration. At the single-cell resolution, we find CVB infects all islet cell types at similar rates yet induces unique cell-type specific transcriptional responses with {beta}, , and ductal cells having the strongest response. Sequencing and functional data suggest that CVB negatively impacts mitochondrial respiration and morphology in distinct ways in {beta} and  cells, while also promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. We also observe an increase in the expression of the long-noncoding RNA MIR7-3HG in {beta} cells with high viral titers and reveal its knockdown reduces gene expression of viral proteins as well as apoptosis in stem cell-derived islets. Together, these findings demonstrate a cell-specific transcriptional, temporal, and functional response to CVB infection and provide new insights into the relationship between CVB infection and T1D.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veronese-Paniagua, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Rincon, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.23.604861</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coxsackievirus B infection invokes unique cell-type specific responses in primary human pancreatic islets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.605026v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Long-Range Enhancer Networks Gradually Emerge as Key Regulators During Human Cortical Neurogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.24.605026v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The chromatin in the human brain cortex shows more enhancer-enhancer contacts than in macaques and mice, yet the organization of these contacts across cellular states and their mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we developed SCOPE-C, a cost-effective technique designed for mapping DNase I Hypersensitive Sites and their spatial interactions, with the potential for scalability to single-cell resolution. Employing SCOPE-C, we generated a comprehensive chromatin map detailing cis-regulatory elements in four cell types during neurogenesis in human, macaque, and mouse fetal cortex. This map introduces a model of long-range enhancer networks that regulate gene transcription during human cortical neurogenesis. In this model, CTCF-mediated loop extrusion forms  stripes of enhancer interaction hubs extending up to 10 Mb in human Excitatory Neurons. Enriched with human-specific enhancers and neuropsychiatric disorder-linked SNPs, these remarkably long-range networks predominantly control EN marker genes, suggesting their critical role in robust gene expression during human cortical neurogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.24.605026</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Long-Range Enhancer Networks Gradually Emerge as Key Regulators During Human Cortical Neurogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605133v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracellular lipopolysaccharide regulates ER remodeling upon bacterial infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.25.605133v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), termed ER-phagy, plays a key role in organelle remodeling and cellular homeostasis. However, whether and how ER-phagy is regulated during Gram-negative bacteria infection to influence host responses remains unclear. Here, we show that Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium releases lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that colocalizes with FAM134B, a reticulon-like ER-resident receptor for ER-phagy. Cytosolic delivery of LPS, either during infection or via transfection, markedly increases FAM134B- and LC3B-decorated ER fragments. Mechanistically, pulldown assays demonstrate that LPS directly binds FAM134B through interactions between lipid A and positively charged residues within its amphipathic helices and C-terminal region. This interaction promotes FAM134B oligomerization and drives ER membrane fragmentation, a process further amplified by the O-antigen moiety of LPS. The resulting ER fragments accumulate around LC3-positive Salmonella-containing vacuoles, facilitating bacterial clearance. Importantly, both intracellular and extracellular Salmonella exploit outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to deliver LPS into the host cytosol, triggering FAM134B activation and ER remodeling. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized host response by which LPS of Gram-negative bacteria are sensed by the host ER-phagy machinery to promote xenophagy and enhance antibacterial defense.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mello-Vieira, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covarrubias-Pinto, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuncha, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kew, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Afzal, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diab, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borchert, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hornef, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huebner, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hensel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dikic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.25.605133</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracellular lipopolysaccharide regulates ER remodeling upon bacterial infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605279v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epileptiform activity and seizure risk follow long-term non-linear attractor dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.26.605279v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many biological systems display circadian and slow multi-day rhythms, such as hormonal and cardiac cycles. In patients with epilepsy, these cycles also manifest as slow cyclical fluctuations in seizure propensity. However, such fluctuations in symptoms are consequences of the complex interactions between the underlying physiological, pathophysiological, and external causes. Therefore, identifying an accurate model of the underlying system that governs the multi-day rhythms allows for a more reliable seizure risk forecast and targeted interventions. To achieve this goal, we adopt the Hankel alternative view of Koopman (HAVOK) analysis to approximate a linear representation of nonlinear seizure propensity dynamics. The HAVOK framework leverages Koopman theory and delay-embedding to decompose chaotic dynamics into a linear system of leading delay-embedded coordinates driven by the low-energy coordinate (i.e., forcing). Our findings reveal the topology of attractors underlying multi-day seizure cycles, showing that seizures tend to occur in regions of the manifold with strongly nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, we demonstrate that the identified system driven by forcings with short periods up to a few days accurately predicts patients slower multi-day rhythms, which improves seizure risk forecasting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rosch, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scheid, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litt, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashourvan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.26.605279</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epileptiform activity and seizure risk follow long-term non-linear attractor dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.27.605419v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single field evolution rule governs the dynamics of representational drift in mouse hippocampal dorsal CA1 region. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.27.605419v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How the brain reconciles dynamism with stability to balance learning and reliable memory storage has not yet been fully understood. To address the critical question, we longitudinally recorded place cells in the hippocampal dorsal CA1 region over 7 to 56 days, utilizing multiple goal-oriented navigation paradigms across various environments. We found that over 80% of place cells displayed multiple fields, undergoing complex evolution events including field disappearance, formation, and retention. Place fields from the same neuron showed limited coordination ([~]5%), with a preference for synchronized changes. We further uncovered the single field evolution rule: the longer a field remains active, the more likely it is to continue being active; conversely, the longer a field remains inactive, the less likely it is to recover the future fate of a place field depends on its past activity. Mathematical modeling revealed that this rule sufficiently demonstrates the growing stability of the dCA1 spatial representation at the population level.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.27.605419</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single field evolution rule governs the dynamics of representational drift in mouse hippocampal dorsal CA1 region.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605559v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of Flavonoids to identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds by Targeting the Non-Structural V protein of Nipah Virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.29.605559v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Researchers are interested in a number of interdisciplinary approaches that might speed up and reduce the cost of creating new medications. This work aims to determine target proteins and choose a lead medication to combat the Nipah Virus. Following a study of the literature, we discover the non-structural V protein (UniProt ID: Q997F2). I-TASSER was used to estimate the 3D structure. We examined the flavonoid dataset in search of a strong inhibitor. Pyrx is used to use AutoDock Vina for docking. The interactions between the drug and the target protein binding were examined using BIOVIA Discovery Studio. Desmonds Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MD simulation) was used to study the stability of protein and inhibitor complexes in a physiological environment. Based on our research, we have designed two lead compounds that lessen the viruss effect. This discovery will benefit science as it may lead to the development of novel medications. The newly discovered natural compounds showed promise as inhibitors, showing less adverse effects and more efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeyaullah, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AlShahrani, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muzammil, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohieldin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>AG Altijani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawria, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, A. O. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.29.605559</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of Flavonoids to identify Potential Therapeutic Compounds by Targeting the Non-Structural V protein of Nipah Virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605796v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Insights into Therapeutic Discovery Through the Kelch Domain Structure of Keap1 at Ambient Temperature 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.30.605796v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Kelch-like-ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a part of the E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that binds to Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and facilitates its degradation by the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. The Kelch domain of Keap1 includes six repeated structural signature motifs, approximately 45-55 amino acid residues in length. Each Kelch repeat contains highly conserved residues and is known to form one blade of beta-propeller structure. Here, we report the dimeric Kelch domain of Keap1 determined at 3.0 [A] resolution at the Turkish Light Source  Turkish DeLight at ambient temperature. Our structure provides new structural dynamics information of the dimeric Keap1 Kelch domain at ambient temperature. It displays potential conformational changes of Keap1 residues, particularly at the Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and Nrf2 binding regions, due to observed temperature shifts. Supported by the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) analysis, the dynamics of the Kelch domain revealed that the allosteric behavior of DMF binding residues is fully established in the ambient temperature structure. We also performed complementary molecular docking studies using our ambient temperature structure for numerous compounds acting as electrophilic irreversible indirect or non-covalent direct inhibitors of the Keap1/Nrf2 complex. Our data suggest that our previously reported novel compound, a hybrid of L-carnosine and L-histidyl hydrazide (CNN), revealed the most favorable scoring functions and prominent interactions with critical Keap1 residues. Collectively, our in silico and in crystallo results suggest a new potential lead compound for Keap1 inhibition. Additionally, understanding the dimeric form of the Keap1 Kelch domain and conformational changes around the DMF and Nrf2 binding sites at ambient temperature is critical for understanding Keap1-Nrf2 interaction dynamics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>YILMAZ, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SEVER, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KUTLU, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>GUL, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OKUDUCU, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>TAVLI, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OTSUKA, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>FUJITA, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HALILOGLU, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>CIFTCI, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.30.605796</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Insights into Therapeutic Discovery Through the Kelch Domain Structure of Keap1 at Ambient Temperature]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605998v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PRMT7 mediated PTEN activation promotes bone formation in female mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.605998v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although the epigenetic mechanisms underlying bone formation are recognized, their specific roles and regulatory pathways remain largely unexplored. In this study, we unveil PRMT7 as a novel epigenetic modulator of MSCs osteogenic commitment. The conditional knockout of Prmt7 in mice reveals significantly impaired osteogenesis and bone regeneration exclusively in females, affecting both long bones and craniofacial structures, with no discernible impact in males. Our findings demonstrate that PRMT7 orchestrates osteogenic differentiation through a methyltransferase-dependent manner. Mechanistically, PRMT7 modulates MSCs osteogenic differentiation through the activation of PTEN. Specifically, PRMT7 augments PTEN transcription by increasing H3R2me1 levels at the PTEN promoter. Furthermore, PRMT7 interacts with the PTEN protein, and its deficiency leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of nuclear PTEN, revealing an unprecedented pathway. Crucially, PTEN overexpression ameliorates the osteogenic deficits observed in Prmt7-deficient mice. Our research positions PRMT7 as a potential therapeutic target to enhance bone formation and offers novel molecular insights into the PRMT7-PTEN regulatory axis, underscoring its significance in bone biology and regenerative medicine.

Subject Categories Developmental Biology, Musculoskeletal System, Epigenetics, Post-translational Modifications
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-07-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.605998</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PRMT7 mediated PTEN activation promotes bone formation in female mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-07-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An updated and expanded characterization of the biological sciences academic job market 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the biological sciences, many areas of uncertainty exist regarding the factors that contribute to success within the faculty job market. Earlier work from our group reported that beyond certain thresholds, academic and career metrics like the number of publications, fellowships or career transition awards, and years of experience did not separate applicants who received job offers from those who did not. Questions still exist regarding how academic and professional achievements influence job offers and if candidate demographics differentially influence outcomes. To continue addressing these gaps, we initiated surveys collecting data from faculty applicants in the biological sciences field for three hiring cycles in North America (Fall 2019 to the end of May 2022), a total of 449 respondents were included in our analysis. These responses highlight the interplay between various scholarly metrics, extensive demographic information, and hiring outcomes, and for the first time, allowed us to look at persons historically excluded due to ethnicity or race (PEER) status in the context of the faculty job market. Between 2019 and 2022, we found that the number of applications submitted, position seniority, and identifying as a women or transgender were positively correlated with a faculty job offer. Applicant age, residence, first generation status, and number of postdocs, however, were negatively correlated with receiving a faculty job offer. Our data are consistent with other surveys that also highlight the influence of achievements and other factors in hiring processes. Providing baseline comparative data for job seekers can support their informed decision-making in the market and is a first step towards demystifying the faculty job market.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Flynn, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kozik, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haagan, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haage, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jadavji, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.606033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An updated and expanded characterization of the biological sciences academic job market]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Direct imaging of neural activity reveals neural circuits via spatiotemporal activation mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.31.606112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Two years ago, our group reported direct imaging of neuronal activity (DIANA), a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique that directly detects neuronal activity at high spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we successfully reproduced the DIANA response in medetomidine-anesthetized mice using forelimb electrical stimulation at 11.7 T. More importantly, we showed that multiple neural circuits can be effectively revealed by DIANA fMRI through spatiotemporal activation mapping. The spatiotemporal activation mapping proposed here utilizes the temporal information of the DIANA response, that is, the time when the DIANA response reaches its peak, which is a unique feature that distinguishes it from the activation mapping method used in existing fMRI. Based on DIANA activation areas, we identified several neural circuits involved in forelimb sensory processing in the somatosensory network, which includes multiple brain regions: ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL), posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), forelimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1FL), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), primary motor cortex (M1), and secondary motor cortex (M2). Additionally, we also identified a pain-related neural circuit involving brain regions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Interestingly, the spatiotemporal activation mapping also allowed us to identify subregions with different DIANA response times within the same functional region (e.g., VPL, POm, S1FL, and S2). Our study highlights the potential of DIANA fMRI to advance our understanding of sensory information processing throughout the brain and to provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain networks at the level of neural circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keum, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toi, P. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.07.31.606112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Direct imaging of neural activity reveals neural circuits via spatiotemporal activation mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of the Metabolomic Mechanisms of Postmenopausal Hypertension Induced by Low Estrogen State 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEstrogen significantly impacts womens health, and postmenopausal hypertension is a common issue characterized by blood pressure fluctuations. Current control strategies for this condition are limited in efficacy, necessitating further research into the underlying mechanisms. Although metabolomics has been applied to study various diseases, its use in understanding postmenopausal hypertension is scarce.

MethodsAn ovariectomized rat model was used to simulate postmenopausal conditions. Estrogen levels, blood pressure, and aortic tissue metabolomics were analyzed. Animal models were divided into Sham, OVX, and OVX+E groups. Serum estrogen levels, blood pressure measurements, and aortic tissue metabolomics analyses were performed using radioimmunoassay, UHPLC-Q-TOF, and bioinformatics techniques.

ResultsThe study successfully established a correlation between low estrogen levels and postmenopausal hypertension in rats. Notable differences in blood pressure parameters and aortic tissue metabolites were observed across the experimental groups. Specifically, metabolites that were differentially expressed, particularly L-alpha-aminobutyric acid (L-AABA), showed potential as a biomarker for postmenopausal hypertension, potentially exerting a protective function through macrophage activation and vascular remodeling. Enrichment analysis revealed alterations in sugar metabolism pathways, such as the Warburg effect and glycolysis, indicating their involvement in postmenopausal hypertension.

ConclusionThis research provides insights into the metabolic changes associated with postmenopausal hypertension, highlighting the role of AABA and sugar metabolism reprogramming in aortic tissue. The findings suggest a potential link between low estrogen levels, macrophage function, and vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal hypertension. Further investigations are needed to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications for postmenopausal women.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.606107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of the Metabolomic Mechanisms of Postmenopausal Hypertension Induced by Low Estrogen State]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606147v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss function of tumor suppressor FRMD8 confers resistance to tamoxifen therapy via a dual mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.606147v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Approximately 40% ER-positive breast cancer patients suffer from therapeutic resistance to tamoxifen. Although reduced ER level is the major cause of tamoxifen resistance, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that FRMD8 raises the level of ER at both transcriptional and post-translational layers. FRMD8 deficiency in MMTV-Cre+; Frmd8fl/fl; PyMT mice accelerates mammary tumor growth and loss of luminal phenotype, and confers tamoxifen resistance. Single-cell RNA profiling reveals that Frmd8 loss decreases the proportion of hormone-sensing differentiated epithelial cells and downregulates the levels of ER. Mechanically, on one hand, loss of FRMD8 inhibits ESR1 transcription via suppressing the expression of FOXO3A, a transcription factor of ESR1. On the other hand, FRMD8 interacts both with ER and UBE3A, and disrupts the interaction of UBE3A with ER, thereby blocking UBE3A-mediated ER degradation. In breast cancer patients, FRMD8 gene promoter is found hypermethylated and low level of FRMD8 predicts poor prognosis. Therefore, FRMD8 is an important regulator of ER and may control therapeutic sensitivity to tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer patients.

Impact StatementTumor suppressive protein FRMD8 inhibits breast cancer progression by regulating the level of ER and has the possibility to be a potential target for overcoming tamoxifen treatment resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.01.606147</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss function of tumor suppressor FRMD8 confers resistance to tamoxifen therapy via a dual mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.06.606844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Borrelia burgdorferi BB0346 is an Essential, Structurally Variant LolA Homolog that is Primarily Required for Homeostatic Localization of Periplasmic Lipoproteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.06.606844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In diderm bacteria, the Lol pathway canonically mediates the periplasmic transport of lipoproteins from the inner membrane (IM) to the outer membrane (OM) and therefore plays an essential role in bacterial envelope homeostasis. After extrusion of modified lipoproteins from the IM via the LolCDE complex, the periplasmic chaperone LolA carries lipoproteins through the periplasm and transfers them to the OM lipoprotein insertase LolB, itself a lipoprotein with a LolA-like fold. Yet, LolB homologs appear restricted to {psi}-proteobacteria and are missing from spirochetes like the tick-borne Lyme disease pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi, suggesting a different hand-off mechanism at the OM. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the B. burgdorferi LolA homolog BB0346 (LolABb) at 1.9 [A] resolution. We identified multiple structural deviations in comparative analyses to other solved LolA structures, particularly a unique LolB-like protruding loop domain. LolABb failed to complement an Escherichia coli lolA knockout, even after codon optimization, signal I peptide adaptation, and a C-terminal chimerization which had allowed for complementation with an -proteobacterial LolA. Analysis of a conditional B. burgdorferi lolA knockout strain indicated that LolABb was essential for growth. Intriguingly, protein localization assays indicated that initial depletion of LolABb led to an emerging mislocalization of both IM and periplasmic OM lipoproteins, but not surface lipoproteins. Together, these findings further support the presence of two separate primary secretion pathways for periplasmic and surface OM lipoproteins in B. burgdorferi and suggest that the distinct structural features of LolABb allow it to function in a unique LolB-deficient lipoprotein sorting system.

SIGNIFICANCEBorrelia spirochetes causing Lyme disease and relapsing fever have unusual double-membrane envelopes that instead of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) display abundant surface lipoproteins. We recently showed that secretion of these surface lipoproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi depends on a distant homolog of the canonical LPS outer membrane translocase LptD. Here, we probed the role of the B. burgdorferi Lol pathway in lipoprotein sorting and secretion. We show that the periplasmic chaperone LolA is essential, functionally different from E. coli LolA, with structural features of a bifunctional lipoprotein carrier protein operating without a downstream LolB outer membrane lipoprotein insertase. Depletion of LolA did not impact surface lipoprotein localization but led to a marked mislocalization of inner membrane lipoproteins to the outer membrane. This further supports two parallel, yet potentially interacting Borrelia lipoprotein transport pathways that are responsible for either secreting surface lipoprotein virulence factors or maintaining proper distribution of lipoproteins within the periplasmic space.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Murphy, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiepen, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Graham, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kashipathy, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blevins, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zückert, W. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.06.606844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Borrelia burgdorferi BB0346 is an Essential, Structurally Variant LolA Homolog that is Primarily Required for Homeostatic Localization of Periplasmic Lipoproteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607103v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selecting sites for strategic surveillance of zoonotic pathogens: a case study in Panama 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607103v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Surveillance and monitoring of zoonotic pathogens is key to identifying and mitigating emerging public health threats. Surveillance is often designed to be taxonomically targeted or systematically dispersed across geography, however, those approaches may not represent the breadth of environments inhabited by a host, vector, or pathogen, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of pathogen dynamics in their natural reservoirs and environments. As a case study on the design of pathogen surveillance programs, we assess how well 20 years of small mammal surveys in Panama have sampled available environments and propose a multistep approach to selecting survey localities in the future. We use >8,000 georeferenced mammal specimen records, collected as part of a long-term hantavirus surveillance program, to test the completeness of country-wide environmental sampling. Despite 20 years of surveillance, our analyses identified a few key environmental sampling gaps. To refine surveillance strategies, we selected a series of core historically sampled localities, supplemented with additional environmentally distinct sites to more completely represent Panamas environments. Based on lessons learned through decades of surveillance, we propose a series of recommendations to improve strategic sampling for zoonotic pathogen surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunnum, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armien, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Juarez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salazar, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colella, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.607103</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selecting sites for strategic surveillance of zoonotic pathogens: a case study in Panama]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607631v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phylogenetic proximity drives temporal succession of marine giant viruses in a five-year metagenomic time-series 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.12.607631v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs, also called giant viruses) are widespread in marine systems and infect a broad range of microbial eukaryotes (protists). Recent biogeographic work has provided global snapshots of NCLDV diversity and community composition across the worlds oceans, yet little information exists about the guiding  rules underpinning their community dynamics over time. We leveraged a five-year monthly metagenomic time-series to quantify the community composition of NCLDVs off the coast of Southern California and characterize these populations temporal dynamics. NCLDVs were dominated by Algavirales (Phycodnaviruses, 59%) and Imitervirales (Mimiviruses, 36%). We identified clusters of NCLDVs with distinct classes of seasonal and non-seasonal temporal dynamics. Overall, NCLDV population abundances were often highly dynamic with a strong seasonal signal. The Imitervirales group had highest relative abundance in the more oligotrophic late summer and fall, while Algavirales did so in winter. Generally, closely related strains had similar temporal dynamics, suggesting that evolutionary history is a key driver of the temporal niche of marine NCLDVs. However, a few closely-related strains had drastically different seasonal dynamics, suggesting that while phylogenetic proximity often indicates ecological similarity, occasionally phenology can shift rapidly, possibly due to host-switching. Finally, we identified distinct functional content and possible host interactions of two major NCLDV orders-including connections of Imitervirales with primary producers like the diatom Chaetoceros and widespread marine grazers like Paraphysomonas and Spirotrichea ciliates. Together, our results reveal key insights on season-specific effect of phylogenetically distinct giant virus communities on marine protist metabolism, biogeochemical fluxes and carbon cycling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laperriere, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minch, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weissman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ignacio-Espinoza, J. C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlgren, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moniruzzaman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fuhrman, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.12.607631</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phylogenetic proximity drives temporal succession of marine giant viruses in a five-year metagenomic time-series]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.13.604445v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variable responses of alpine-plant communities to warming and loss of dominant species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.13.604445v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Responses of ecological communities to perturbations are inherently variable because responses of their constituent populations also vary. Species within a single community may show combinations of no response, positive responses, and negative responses to any given perturbation often canceling each other out resulting in small or no signal that the community level. Here we explore the impacts of warming and loss of the dominant species on alpine ecosystems in a global study. We investigate warming and species-loss treatments on population- and community-level dynamics across alpine-plant communities at two elevations in five globally-distributed mountain locations. Communities showed varied responses to treatments; no community showed strong responses to a single treatment. Rather, most sites were influenced by both perturbations. Populations within these communities responded idiosyncratically, suggesting that constituent species are not all equally robust to perturbations even when community-level effects appear weak. Our results highlight the challenge of making general predictions about population- and community-level responses of alpine ecosystems in the face of present and future perturbations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marraffini, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Classen, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sundquist, M. k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deslippe, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaren, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rixen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wipf, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chisholm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prager, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stouffer, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.13.604445</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variable responses of alpine-plant communities to warming and loss of dominant species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population dynamics in spatial suppression gene drive models and the effect of resistance, density dependence, and life history 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Due to their super-Mendelian inheritance, gene drive systems have the potential to provide revolutionary solutions to critical public health and environmental problems. For suppression drives, however, spatial structure can cause "chasing" population dynamics that may postpone target population elimination or even cause the drive to fail. In chasing, wild-type individuals elude the drive and recolonize previously suppressed areas. The drive can re-enter these recolonized areas, but often is not able to catch up to wild-type and finally eliminate it. Previous methods for chasing detection are only suitable to limited parameter ranges. In this study with expanded parameter ranges, we found that the shift from chasing dynamics to static equilibrium outcomes is continuous as drive performance is reduced. To quantify this, we defined a Weighted Average Nearest Neighbor statistic to assess the clustering degree during chasing, while also characterizing chasing by the per-generation chance of population elimination and drive loss. To detect chasing dynamics in local areas and to detect the start of chasing, we implemented Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise. Using these techniques, we determined the effect of arena size, resistance allele formation rate in both the germline and in the early embryo from maternally deposited Cas9, life history and reproduction strategies, and density-dependent growth curve shape on chasing outcomes. We found that larger real-world areas will be much more vulnerable to chasing and that species with overlapping generations, fecundity-based density dependence, and concave density-dependent growth curves have smaller and more clustered local chasing with a greater chance of eventual population elimination. We also found that embryo resistance and germline resistance hinder drive performance in different ways. These considerations will be important for determining the necessary drive performance parameters needed for success in different species, and whether future drives could potentially be considered as release candidates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Messer, P. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.14.607913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population dynamics in spatial suppression gene drive models and the effect of resistance, density dependence, and life history]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MiniXL: An open-source, large field-of-view epifluorescence miniature microscope for mice capable of single-cell resolution and multi-brain region imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.16.608328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Capturing the intricate dynamics of neural activity in freely behaving animals is essential for understanding the neural mechanisms underpinning specific behaviors. Miniaturized microscopy enables investigators to track population activity at cellular level, but the field of view (FOV) of these microscopes have been limited and does not allow multiple-brain region imaging. To fill this technological gap, we have developed the eXtra Large field-of-view Miniscope (MiniXL), a 3.5g lightweight miniaturized microscope with an FOV measuring 3.5 mm in diameter and an electrically adjustable working distance of 1.9 mm {+/-} 200 m. We demonstrated the capability of MiniXL recording the activity of large neuronal population in both subcortical area (hippocampal dorsal CA1) and deep brain regions (medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC and nucleus accumbens, NAc). The large FOV allows simultaneous imaging of multiple brain regions such as bilateral mPFCs or mPFC and NAc during complex social behavior and tracking cells across multiple sessions. As with all microscopes in the UCLA Miniscope ecosystem, the MiniXL is fully open-source and will be shared with the neuroscience community to lower the barriers for adoption of this technology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Golshani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aharoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.16.608328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MiniXL: An open-source, large field-of-view epifluorescence miniature microscope for mice capable of single-cell resolution and multi-brain region imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.20.608825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent phase separation of Heat shock factor 1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.20.608825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the critical orchestrator for a cell responding to heat shock, and its dysfunction is linked to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. HSF1 undergoes phase separation upon heat shock, and its activity is regulated by various post-translational modifications (PTMs). Despite its importance, the molecular details underlying HSF1 phase separation, temperature sensing, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that HSF1 exhibits temperature-dependent phase separation with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior due to entropy contribution from solvent molecules, providing a new conceptual mechanism accounting for HSF1 activation. We employed a synergistic approach combining coarse-grain simulation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to reveal the residue-level molecular details of the interactions driving the phase separation of wild-type HSF1 and its distinct PTM patterns at various temperatures. The identified interaction sites were further validated with biochemistry assays and mapped interface accounts for HSF1 functions reported. Importantly, the amino acid substitution experiment reveals the molecular grammar for temperature-dependent HSF1 phase separation is species-specific and physiologically relevant. These findings delineate chemical code that integrates protein PTM patterns with accurate phase separation for body physiological temperature control in animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.20.608825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent phase separation of Heat shock factor 1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608928v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inflammatory Signatures of Microglia in the Mouse Model of Corticosterone-Induced Depression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608928v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microglia-mediated inflammation has been recognized as a key feature of major depressive disorder. Although hypercortisolemia commonly occurs in depressed patients and can be predictive of treatment response, how chronic exposure to this stress hormone influences microglia is incompletely characterized. Here, we exploited a standard mouse model of depressive-like behaviors induced by peripheral administration of corticosterone. Microglia in the prefrontal cortex of mice were profiled by bulk RNA sequencing, which exhibited the up-regulation of inflammatory markers. In addition, single-cell RNA sequencing identified distinct molecular patterns of microglial responses. Moreover, we revealed the elevation of Pu.1 and Irf8, the two central transcription factors governing microglia-mediated inflammation, in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of corticosterone-treated mice, which was similarly observed in the single-nucleus RNA sequencing dataset of depressed patients microglia. These results have established inflammatory signatures of microglia in the mouse model recapitulating hypercortisolemia-related depression, providing new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608928</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inflammatory Signatures of Microglia in the Mouse Model of Corticosterone-Induced Depression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
δ-α cell-to-cell interactions modulate pancreatic islet Ca2+ oscillation modes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glucose-induced pancreatic islet hormone release is tightly coupled with oscillations in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration of islet cells, which is regulated by a complex interplay between intercellular and intracellular signaling. {delta} cells, which entangle with  cells located at the islet periphery, are known to be important paracrine regulators. However, the role of {delta} cells in regulating Ca2+ oscillation pattern remains unclear. Here we show that {delta}- cell-to-cell interactions are the source of variability in glucose-induced Ca2+ oscillation pattern. Somatostatin secreted from {delta} cells prolonged the islets oscillation period in an  cell mass-dependent manner. Pharmacological and optogenetic perturbations of {delta}- interactions led islets to switch between fast and slow Ca2+ oscillations. Continuous adjustment of {delta}- coupling strength caused the fast oscillating islets to transition to mixed and slow oscillations. We developed a mathematical model, demonstrating that the fast-mixed-slow oscillation transition is a Hopf bifurcation. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of how {delta} cells modulate islet Ca2+ dynamics and reveal the intrinsic heterogeneity of islets due to the structural composition of different cell types.

HighlightsO_LISomatostatin slows down islet Ca2+ oscillations in an  cell mass-dependent manner.
C_LIO_LIPharmacological and optogenetic perturbations of {delta}- interaction cause islet Ca2+ oscillation mode switching.
C_LIO_LIContinuous tuning of {delta}- interaction strength induces fast-mixed-slow oscillation transition successively.
C_LIO_LIMathematical modeling shows the fast-mixed-slow oscillation transition as a Hopf bifurcation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>sneppen, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[δ-α cell-to-cell interactions modulate pancreatic islet Ca2+ oscillation modes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of ovarian development altered in ErβKO ovaries 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.21.608994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We analyzed the transcriptome of wildtype and estrogen receptor {beta} knockout (Er{beta}KO) rat ovaries during the early postnatal period and detected remarkable changes in epigenetic regulators and transcription factors. Compared to postnatal day (PD) 4.5 wildtype ovaries, 17 differentially expressed epigenetic regulators (DEERs), and 23 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) were detected in PD6.5 wildtype ovaries. Subsequently, compared to PD 6.5 wildtype ovaries, 24 DEERs and 68 DETFs were detected in PD8.5 ovaries. Changes in DEERs and DEFTs resulted in 581 differentially expressed downstream genes (DEDGs) in PD6.5 and 920 DEDGs in wildtype PD8.5 ovaries. The DEERs, DETFs, and DEDGs in wildtype ovaries represented primordial follicle activation (PFA) and development of the first-wave follicles because the second-wave follicles remain dormant during this period. However, the changes in DEERs, DETFs, and DEDGs during this postnatal period were markedly different in Er{beta}KO rat ovaries, which suffered from increased PFA in both waves. Compared to 17 DEERs and 23 DETFs in wildtype, 46 DEERs and 55 DETFs were identified in PD 6.5 Er{beta}KO ovaries. The differences were more remarkable in PD 8.5 Er{beta}KO ovaries; compared to 24 DEERS and 68 DETFs in wildtype, only 8 DEERs and 10 DETFs were detected in Er{beta}KO ovaries. Such dysregulation resulted in altered DEDGs in PD 6.5 (581 vs. 744) and in PD8.5 (920 vs. 191) Er{beta}KO ovaries. These findings also suggest that the number of DEDGs depends directly on the numbers of DEERS and DETFs. In addition to the quantitative differences in DEERs and DETFs between the wildtype and Er{beta}KO ovaries, we detected distinct differences in the identities of the regulators. Our observations indicate that loss of ER{beta} dysregulates the epigenetic regulators and transcription factors in Er{beta}KO ovaries, which disrupts the downstream genes in ovarian follicles and increases follicle activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mohamadi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamadi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahadursingh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.21.608994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of ovarian development altered in ErβKO ovaries]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.26.609654v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MED26-enriched condensates drive erythropoiesis through modulating transcription pausing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.26.609654v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Mediator complex regulates various aspects of hematopoietic development, but whether composition of the Mediator complex undergoes dynamic changes for diversifying transcription and functional outputs is unknown. Here, we found that MED26, a subunit in the core Mediator complex, played a distinctive role in facilitating transcription pausing essential for erythroid development. While most Mediator subunits drastically decreased during this process, MED26 remained relatively abundant. Intriguingly, in the early stages, more than half of MED26 occupancy sites did not co-localize with MED1, a representative Mediator subunit, suggesting these subunits exert context-dependent gene regulation. We revealed that MED26-enriched loci were associated with RNA polymerase pausing. MED26 manifested a markedly preferential recruitment of pausing-related factors, leading to an increase in Pol pausing critical for genome-wide transcription repression during erythropoiesis. Moreover, MED26 exhibited pronounced condensate-forming capability, which was necessary for its function in promoting erythropoiesis and recruiting pausing-related factors. Collectively, this study provides mechanistic insights into the functional coordination of distinct Mediator subunits during development and highlights the switch of transcription condensates towards a MED26 enriched form, which modulates transcription pausing to facilitate transcription repression and erythroid development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yue, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.26.609654</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MED26-enriched condensates drive erythropoiesis through modulating transcription pausing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.26.609671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epidrug Screening Identifies Type I PRMT Inhibitors as Modulators of Lysosomal Exocytosis and Drug Sensitivity in Cancers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.26.609671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic changes drive differential gene expression, contributing to oncogenic transformation and drug resistance. Lysosomes are crucial in cell signaling and the sequestration of toxins and chemotherapeutic agents. This sequestration followed by expulsion through lysosomal exocytosis is a factor in drug resistance. The epigenetic regulation of lysosomal exocytosis remains poorly understood. Our research focuses on this regulation, hypothesizing that epigenetic modifier drugs (epidrugs) capable of inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis and could serve as potential therapeutics. Additionally, we investigate their potential synergy with drugs known to be sequestered in lysosomes.

To examine this concept, we screened approximately 150 epigenetic drugs targeting various reader, writer, or eraser proteins. These drugs were assessed for their combined cytotoxic effects with cisplatin, their impact on lysosomal exocytosis, and on lysosomal biogenesis. Our findings reveal that among the epidrugs showing synergy with cisplatin and further reducing cell viability in combination, two type I PRMT inhibitors, MS023 and GSK3368715, inhibited lysosomal exocytosis. Notably, neither of these drugs altered the expression of the CLEAR lysosomal biogenesis network of genes, suggesting the involvement of novel regulators in lysosomal functions. To explore the specific components of the trafficking machinery affected by PRMT inhibitors, we conducted an RNA-seq analysis, uncovering several differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition to previously described functions such as methylation activity, or DNA repair; these DEGs included those involved in vesicular trafficking, lysosomal enzyme activity and lysosome dynamics, offering potential insights into the mechanism of reduced exocytosis and identifying a novel mode for its regulation. Additionally, both inhibitors exhibited synergy with other drugs known to be sequestered in lysosomes, such as carboplatin, oxaliplatin, sunitinib, and doxorubicin, indicating that inhibition of lysosomal exocytosis may be a common phenomenon for such drugs. These findings underscore the potential of Type I PRMT inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Consistently, analysis on the publicly available patient data revealed that lower levels of type I PRMTs (PRMT1 and 6) were associated with better patient response to these drugs, further suggesting their potential as drug candidates for combination therapy to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and improve cancer patient survival rates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sergi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel-Catal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duvvuri, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiselyov, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.26.609671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epidrug Screening Identifies Type I PRMT Inhibitors as Modulators of Lysosomal Exocytosis and Drug Sensitivity in Cancers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Effect of THz Electromagnetic Field on the Conductance of Potassium and Sodium Channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ion channels are essential to various physiological processes and their defects are associated with many diseases. Previous research has revealed that Terahertz electromagnetic field can alter the channel conductance by affecting the motion of chemical groups of ion channels, and hence regulate the electric signals of neurons. In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the effects of terahertz electromagnetic fields on the conductance of voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels, particularly focusing on the bound ions in the selectivity filters that have not been studied previously. Our results identified multiple new characteristic frequencies and showed that 1.4, 2.2, or 2.9 THz field increases the conductance of Kv1.2, and 2.5 or 48.6 THz field increases the conductance of Nav1.5. The conductance-enhancing effects are specific to the frequencies and directions of the electric field, which are determined by the intrinsic oscillation motions of the permeating ions in the selectivity filter or certain chemical groups of the ion channels. The amplitude of the THz field positively correlates with the change in ion conductance. Therefore, this study demonstrates that THz fields can specifically regulate ion channel conductances, which may carry great potential in biomedical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Effect of THz Electromagnetic Field on the Conductance of Potassium and Sodium Channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609931v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Is variation in female aggressiveness across Drosophila species associated with reproductive potential? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.609931v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aggression is a key determinant of fitness in many species, mediating access to mates, food, and breeding sites. Variation in intrasexual aggression across species is likely driven by variation in resource availability and distribution. While males primarily compete over access to mates, females are likely to compete over resources to maximize offspring quantity and/or quality, such as food or breeding sites. To date, however, most studies have focused on male aggression and we know little about drivers of female aggression across species. To investigate potential reproductive drivers of female aggression, we tested the relationship between three reproductive traits and aggression in eight Drosophila species. Using machine learning classifiers developed for D. melanogaster, we quantified aggressive behaviours displayed in the presence of yeast for mated and unmated females. We found that female aggression was correlated with ovariole number across species, suggesting that females that lay more eggs are more aggressive. A need for resources for egg production or oviposition sites may therefore be drivers of female aggression, though other potential hypotheses are discussed.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bath, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleason, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.609931</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Is variation in female aggressiveness across Drosophila species associated with reproductive potential?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.610011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LncRNA-536 and RNA Binding Protein RBM25 Interactions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.27.610011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
OBJECTIVEHyperproliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the essential features of the maladaptive inward remodeling of the pulmonary arteries in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we define the mechanistic association between long-noncoding RNA: ENST00000495536 (Lnc-536) and anti-proliferative HOXB13 in mediating smooth muscle hyperplasia.

METHODSAntisense oligonucleotide-based GapmeRs or plasmid overexpressing lnc-536 were used to evaluate the role of lnc-536 in mediating hyperproliferation of PDGF-treated or idiopathic PAH (IPAH) PASMCs. Further, we pulled down lnc536 to identify the proteins directly interacting with lnc536. The in-vivo role of lnc-536 was determined in Sugen-hypoxia and HIV-transgenic pulmonary hypertensive rats.

RESULTSIncreased levels of lnc-536 in PDGF-treated or IPAH PASMCs promote hyperproliferative phenotype by downregulating the HOXB13 expression. Knockdown of lnc-536 in-vivo prevented increased RVSP, Fulton Index, and pulmonary vascular remodeling in Sugen-Hypoxia rats. The lncRNA-536 pull-down assay demonstrated the interactions of RNA binding protein: RBM25 with SFPQ, a transcriptional regulator that has a binding motif on HOXB13 exon Further, The RNA-IP experiment using the SFPQ antibody showed direct interaction of RBM25 with SFPQ and knockdown of RBM25 resulted in increased interactions of SFPQ and HOXB13 mRNA while attenuating PASMC proliferation. Finally, we examined the role of lnc-536 and HOXB13 axis in the PASMCs exposed to the dual hit of HIV and a stimulant: cocaine as well.

CONCLUSIONlnc-536 acts as a decoy for RBM25, which in turn sequesters SFPQ, leading to the decrease in HOXB13 expression and hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells associated with PAH development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mahajan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhillon, N. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.610011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LncRNA-536 and RNA Binding Protein RBM25 Interactions in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610403v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genomic insights into the evolution and adaptation of the memorial roses (Rosa lucieae; Rosaceae) in saline environments 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.610403v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Rosa lucieae (syn. Rosa wichurana or R. wichuraiana; Rosaceae) is one of the major wild progenitors of modern rose cultivars. In breeding roses, R. lucieae has contributed not only to white blooms and shiny leaves, but most of all, to succeed in various harsh conditions and high resistance to diseases and pests. The wild R. lucieae inhabits littoral sand banks or rocks, where drought stress and high salinity inhibit plant growth. In this study, we assembled the chromosome-level genome sequence of a wild accession of R. lucieae and identified potential genes that may responsible for the evolution of salt tolerance. Within the 544.7 Mb-long genome of R. lucieae, recent duplications and divergence of the genes responsible to stress tolerance were identified, including stress response, signaling, homeostasis, and detoxification. Additionally, the gene family evolution analyses elucidated rapid evolution of stress tolerant functions in R. lucieae. The first high-quality genome assembly of wild R. lucieae contributes significantly to our understanding of the genomic evolution and adaptive mechanism of R. lucieae, which promises the enhancement of our efforts in rose breeding programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeon, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-08-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.29.610403</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genomic insights into the evolution and adaptation of the memorial roses (Rosa lucieae; Rosaceae) in saline environments]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-08-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610574v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The interaction between abiotic and biotic soil factors drive heterosis expression in maize 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610574v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterosis or hybrid vigor refers to the superior phenotypes of hybrids relative to their parental inbred lines. Recently, soil microbes were identified as an environmental driver of maize heterosis. While manipulation of the soil microbial community consistently altered heterosis, the direction of the effect appeared to be dependent on the microbiome composition, environment, or both. Abiotic factors are well-known modifiers of heterosis expression, however, how the interactive effects between the soil microbial community and abiotic factors contribute to heterosis are poorly understood. To disentangle the proposed mechanisms by which microbes influence heterosis, we characterize the variation in heterosis expression when maize was grown in soil inocula derived from active maize farms or prairies. While we did not observe consistent differences in heterosis among plants grown in these inocula, our observations reaffirm that microbial effects on heterosis are likely specific to the local microbial community. The introduction of a nutrient amendment resulted in greater heterosis expression in the presence of an agricultural inoculum but not a prairie inoculum. We also observed an effect of soil inocula and nutrient treatment on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the root endosphere. In addition, the interaction between soil and nutrient treatment significantly affected bacterial community composition, whereas fungal community composition was only marginally affected by this interaction. These results further suggest that the soil microbial community plays a role in maize heterosis expression but that the abiotic environment is likely a larger driver.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Clouse, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellis, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hostetler, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balint-Kurti, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.30.610574</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The interaction between abiotic and biotic soil factors drive heterosis expression in maize]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610568v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrospun Fiber Surface Roughness Modulates Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Phenotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610568v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Injuries to fibrous connective tissues have very little capacity for self-renewal and exhibit poor healing after injury. Phenotypic shifts in macrophages play a vital role in mediating the healing response, creating an opportunity to design immunomodulatory biomaterials which control macrophage polarization and promote regeneration. In this study, electrospun poly(-caprolactone) fibers with increasing surface roughness (SR) were produced by increasing relative humidity and inducing vapor-induced phase separation during the electrospinning process. The impact of surface roughness on macrophage phenotype was assessed using human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and in vivo using B6.Cg-Tg(Csf1r-EGFP)1Hume/J (MacGreen) mice. In vitro experiments showed that macrophages cultured on mesh with increasing SR exhibited decreased release of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines potentially driven by increased protein adsorption and biophysical impacts on the cells. Further, increasing SR led to an increase in the expression of the pro-regenerative cell surface marker CD206 relative to the pro-inflammatory marker CD80. Mesh with increasing SR were implanted subcutaneously in MacGreen mice, again showing an increase in the ratio of cells expressing CD206 to those expressing CD80 visualized by immunofluorescence. SR on implanted biomaterials is sufficient to drive macrophage polarization, demonstrating a simple feature to include in biomaterial design to control innate immunity.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=86 SRC="FIGDIR/small/610568v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b40283org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1110307org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ddc63eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1021581_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alemifar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burnette, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jandres, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hurt, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.08.30.610568</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrospun Fiber Surface Roughness Modulates Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Phenotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610799v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and molecular basis of the epistasis effect in enhanced affinity between SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 and ACE2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610799v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.2 and KP.3 has been marked by mutations F456L/R346T and F456L/Q493E, respectively, which significantly impact the viruss interaction with human ACE2 and its resistance to neutralizing antibodies. KP.3, featuring F456L and Q493E, exhibits a markedly enhanced ACE2 binding affinity compared to KP.2 and the JN.1 variant due to synergistic effects between these mutations. This study elucidated the structures of KP.2 and KP.3 RBD in complex with ACE2 using cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) and decipher the structural and thermodynamic implications of these mutations on receptor binding by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing that F456L mutation facilitates a more favorable binding environment for Q493E, leading to stronger receptor interactions which consequently enhance the potential for incorporating additional evasive mutations. These results underscore the importance of understanding mutational epistatic interactions in predicting SARS-CoV-2 evolution and optimizing vaccine updates. Continued monitoring of such epistatic effects is crucial for anticipating new dominant strains and preparing appropriate public health responses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610799</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and molecular basis of the epistasis effect in enhanced affinity between SARS-CoV-2 KP.3 and ACE2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxytocin salvages context-specific hyperaltruistic preference through moral framing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.611034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An intriguing advancement in recent moral decision-making research suggests that people are more willing to sacrifice monetary gains to spare others from suffering than to spare themselves, yielding the hyperaltruistic tendency. Other studies, however, indicate an opposite egoistic bias in that subjects are less willing to harm themselves for the benefits of others than for their own benefits. These results highlight the delicate inner workings of moral decision and call for a mechanistic account of hyperaltruistic preference. We investigated the boundary conditions of hyperaltruism by presenting subjects with trade-off choices combing monetary gains and painful electric shocks, or, choices combing monetary losses and shocks. We first showed in study 1 that switching the decision context from gains to losses effectively eliminated the hyperaltruistic preference and the decision context effect was associated with the altered relationship between subjects instrumental harm (IH) trait attitudes and their relative pain sensitivities. In the pre-registered study 2, we tested whether oxytocin, a neuropeptide linked to parochial altruism, might restore the context-dependent hyperaltruistic preference. We found that oxytocin increased subjects reported levels of framing the task as harming (vs. helping) others, which mediated the correlation between IH and relative pain sensitivities. Thus, the loss decision context and oxytocin diminished and restored the mediation effect of subjective harm framing, respectively. Our results help to elucidate the psychological processes underpinning the contextual specificity of hyperaltruism and carry implications in promoting prosocial interactions in our society.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.611034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxytocin salvages context-specific hyperaltruistic preference through moral framing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of leptolin as a novel anti-obesity adipokine 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.03.610963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adipokines are key factors in regulating energy homeostasis. We identified a novel adipokine; we named it Leptolin. In humans, leptolin levels in white adipose tissue were positively corrected with exercise, and negatively associated with body mass index. Leptolin levels were positively correlated with lipolysis-promoting gene expression. Elevated leptolin in plasma of athletes, whereas lowered leptolin in plasma of obese individuals were observed. Leptolin gene-knockout mice exhibited increased adiposity and body weight, and decreased energy expenditure. Leptolin gene-overexpression mice showed obesity-resistant phenotypes. Treatment with leptolin promoted fat mobilization and energy expenditure, and reduced body weight, without affecting food-intake and motor activity. Together, leptolin, a novel adipokine with a capacity to improve metabolic status, may serve as a new therapeutic agent for obesity and metabolic disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuwen, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.03.610963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of leptolin as a novel anti-obesity adipokine]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.610994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subtype-specific Patterns of Evolution and Clinically Relevant Genomic Instability in Wilms Tumour 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.04.610994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundUnderstanding cancer evolution is fundamental to predicting cancer progression. However, the evolution of paediatric cancers is still under-researched. Large cohorts of patients are required to determine consistent evolutionary trajectories that shed light on key steps in cancer development and reveal underlying biology, especially in rare cancers. Additionally, well annotated clinical data is necessary for determining if evolutionary biomarkers are predictive of patient outcome.

MethodsWe performed detailed evolutionary analysis of 64 paediatric kidney cancers, including 60 Wilms tumours (WT), using DNA microarrays and, in a subset of 30 patients, a WT-specific targeted sequencing assay, to detect copy number alterations (CNA) and mutations, respectively. By analysing multiple tissue samples in the majority of cases we could detect mutation heterogeneity in each tumour. We reconstructed clones across the cohort and described their phylogenetic histories, in addition to detecting mirrored subclonal allelic imbalance.

ResultsOur results highlight pervasive evidence of parallel evolution in WTs affecting CNAs, and CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stromal-type WTs often evolve from a consistent series of events (WT1 mutation, 11p uniparental disomy and CTNNB1 mutation) and we suggest that 19q uniparental disomy is an important ancestral event in both epithelial and diffuse anaplastic WTs. Finally, we propose the total number of evolutionary CNA events as a prognostic biomarker in WTs for event-free survival, particularly in high-risk WT.

ConclusionsOverall, this study sheds light on the evolution of the most common paediatric kidney cancer and links evolutionary analysis to fundamental clinical and biological questions in a large cohort of WTs. We conclude that histological subtypes of WT are often defined by consistent evolutionary sequences. We present evidence that a key marker of evolvability, namely CNA diversity measured phylogenetically across multiple tumour sites, is prognostic of patient outcome and should be considered for clinical use to detect the most aggressive blastemal and diffuse anaplastic type WTs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cresswell, G. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chagtai, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Saadi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Treger, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madhan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vujanic, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luscombe, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard-Jones, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mifsud, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.04.610994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subtype-specific Patterns of Evolution and Clinically Relevant Genomic Instability in Wilms Tumour]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611570v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylsulfonylmethane: A Potential Dietary Supplement targeting sphingosine kinase 1 involved in Glioblastomamultiforme 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.05.611570v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a common dietary supplement mainly used for inflammatory disorders as well as MSM had shown anti-tumor effects on different types of cancers. However, the glioma cell line has not been tested against MSM, and we are reporting it in our study for the first time. This research used an in silico study in which sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) is used as a therapeutic target which is associated with Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) SphK1 is pivotal enzyme for sphingolipid metabolism whose high expression level is thought to be associated with cancer alongside other inflammatory diseases and it is a potential drug target for various types of cancer.First, in silico analysis was executed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MSM on SphK1.Then we further observed the anti-tumor activities of MSM on the C6 glioma cell line. During in silico investigation at the initial stage, we performed molecular docking with Auto Dock Vina followed by molecular dynamics simulation at 100ns with Gromacs Software Package.MSM binds with SphK1 with a docked score of -2.1 kcal mol1. During molecular dynamics simulation complex maintain stability at 10ns but we ran simulation till 100ns to confirm the stability. We performed in depth analysis which includes post trajectory analysis like free energy landscape (FEL), principal constant analysis (PCA) with kernel density (KDE)estimation plots as well as probability distribution plots. Even molecular dynamics simulation shows stability, compactness and interaction of MSM with Sphk1, we calculated MMPBSA binding energy calculation is -13.922 +/- 19.518 kJ/mol- The viability and cellular metabolic activity of the C6 glioma in the presence of MSM showed 393.459 mM/ml of MSM reduced cell viability by 50% (CTC50) value in dose dependent manner. Further analysis like DNA fragmentation assay and Acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining were carried out, which clearly depicts MSM inducing apoptosis in C6 gliomas. Based on in silico and in vitro results,for the first time we are reporting it in our study and we reach to conclusion that that MSM acts as a potential inhibitor for SphK1 as well as inhibits the growth of glioma cells and acts as a potential dietary supplement for the management of GBM which can cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and not toxic to cells even at high doze.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayaraj, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.05.611570</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylsulfonylmethane: A Potential Dietary Supplement targeting sphingosine kinase 1 involved in Glioblastomamultiforme]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611638v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Photochemical processes drive thermal responses of dissolved organic matter in the dark ocean 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611638v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How dissolved organic matter (DOM) responds to climate warming is critical for understanding its effectiveness as a natural climate solution. Here, we use a highly resolved dataset of 821 DOM samples covering the surface waters to the deep Atlantic, Southern, and Pacific oceans to examine molecular-level responses to warming water temperatures, i.e. their thermal responses. In general, the strength and diversity of thermal responses among individual molecules both decline towards the deep waters, but they show decreasing and increasing trends with more recalcitrant molecules in concentration, respectively. Their contrasting trends concur with the more important role of photochemical processes in explaining the diversity of thermal responses than the strength. By projecting global ocean thermal responses from 1950-2020, we predict increases in the diversity are unexpectedly largest at deeper depths (> 1,000 m). Such increases could elevate recalcitrant deep-ocean carbon sink by approximately 10 Tg C yr-1 which accounts for > 5% of the carbon flux survived to the deep ocean. Our findings highlight the importance of photochemical legacies in driving DOM thermal responses and further help predict the future oceanic carbon sink under global change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bercovici, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanentzap, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lennon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osterholz, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.06.611638</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Photochemical processes drive thermal responses of dissolved organic matter in the dark ocean]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.08.611941v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanisms of urate transport and uricosuric drugs inhibition in human URAT1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.08.611941v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High urate levels in circulation lead to the accumulation of urate crystals in joints and ultimately inflammation and gout1. The reabsorption process of urate in the kidney by the urate transporter URAT1 plays a pivotal role in controlling serum urate levels2. Pharmacological inhibition of URAT1 by uricosuric drugs is a valid strategy for gout management3. Despite the clinical significance of URAT1, its structure and mechanism remain elusive. Here, we report the structures of human URAT1 (hURAT1) in complex with substrate urate or inhibitors benzbromarone and verinurad at resolution ranges from 3.0 to 3.3 [A]. Urate-bound hURAT1 adopts the outward-facing conformation. Urate is wrapped in the center of hURAT1 by five phenylalanines and coordinated by two positively charged residues on each side. Uricosuric compounds benzbromarone and verinurad occupy the urate-binding site of hURAT1 in the inward-facing conformation. Structural comparison between different conformations of hURAT1 reveals the rocker-switch-like mechanism for urate transport. Benzbromarone and verinurad exert their inhibitory effect by blocking not only the binding of urate but also the structural isomerization of hURAT1.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.08.611941</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanisms of urate transport and uricosuric drugs inhibition in human URAT1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612012v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protocol for Simulating the Effect of THz Electromagnetic Field on Ion Channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.612012v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic fields are increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in various aspects of medical research and treatment. Recent computational studies have demon-strated that THz waves can modulate ion channel function by interacting with either the channel proteins or the bound ions through distinct mechanisms. Here we outline a universal simulation protocol to identify the THz frequencies that may affect ion channels, which consists of frequency spectrum analysis and ion conductance analysis. Following this protocol, we studied the effect of THz field on a CaV channel and found a broad frequency band in 1 to 20 THz range. We believe that this protocol, along with the identified characteristic frequencies, will provide a theoretical foundation for future terahertz experimental studies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.612012</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protocol for Simulating the Effect of THz Electromagnetic Field on Ion Channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611564v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Learning phenotype associated signature in spatial transcriptomics with PASSAGE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.06.611564v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) is poised to advance our understanding of cellular organization within complex tissues under various physiological and pathological conditions at unprecedented resolution. Despite the development of numerous computational tools that facilitate the automatic identification of statistically significant intra-/inter-slice patterns (like spatial domains), these methods typically operate in an unsupervised manner, without leveraging sample characteristics like physiological/pathological states. Here we present PASSAGE (Phenotype Associated Spatial Signature Analysis with Graph-based Embedding), a rationally-designed deep learning framework for characterizing phenotype-associated signatures across multiple heterogeneous spatial slices effectively. In addition to its outstanding performance in systematic benchmarks, we have demonstrated PASSAGEs unique capability in identifying sophisticated signatures in multiple real-world datasets. The full package of PASSAGE is available at https://github.com/gao-lab/PASSAGE.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.06.611564</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Learning phenotype associated signature in spatial transcriptomics with PASSAGE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.611894v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular recording of cellular protein kinase activity with chemical labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.11.611894v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein kinases control most cellular processes and aberrant kinase activity is involved in numerous diseases. To investigate the link between specific kinase activities and cellular phenotypes in heterogeneous cell populations and in vivo, we introduce molecular recorders of kinase activities for later analysis. Based on split-HaloTag and a phosphorylation-dependent molecular switch, our recorders become rapidly labeled in the presence of a specific kinase activity and a fluorescent HaloTag substrate. The kinase activity in a given cell controls the degree of fluorescent labeling whereas the recording window is set by the presence of the fluorescent substrate. We have designed specific recorders for four protein kinases, including protein kinase A. We apply our protein kinase A recorder for the sorting of heterogeneous cell populations and subsequent transcriptome analysis, in genome-wide CRISPR screens to discover regulators of PKA activity and for the tracking of neuromodulation in freely moving mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, D.-e.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breuer, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoffmann, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Azorin, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boonekamp, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winkler, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wick, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutros, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.11.611894</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular recording of cellular protein kinase activity with chemical labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EmbSAM: Cell boundary localization and Segment Anything Model for fast images of developing embryos 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.07.611795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular shape dynamics are critical for understanding cell fate determination and organogenesis during development. However, fluorescence live-cell images of cell membranes frequently suffer from a low signal-to-noise ratio, especially during long-duration imaging with high spatiotemporal resolutions. This is caused by phototoxicity and photobleaching, which limit laser power and hinder effective time-lapse cell shape reconstruction, particularly in rapidly developing embryos. Here, we devised a new computational framework, EmbSAM, that incorporates a deep-learning-based cell boundary localization algorithm and the Segment Anything Model. EmbSAM enables accurate and robust three-dimensional (3D) cell membrane segmentation for roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans embryos imaged every 10 seconds. The cell shape data prior to gastrulation quantitatively characterizes a series of cell-division-coupled morphodynamics associated with cell position, cell identity, lineage, and fate, and can be accessed locally and online. The framework also exhibits potential in segmenting and quantifying the fluorescence labeling various cell-membraned-attached molecules in both wild-type and RNAi-treated embryos.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wong, M.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, L.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.07.611795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EmbSAM: Cell boundary localization and Segment Anything Model for fast images of developing embryos]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.611946v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Impact of Multiple Sensory Deprivation on Spatial-coding Cells in Medial Entorhinal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.09.611946v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial navigation depends on anchoring internal spatial maps to external environments, guided by sensory cues such as visual and tactile information. The Medial Entorhinal Cortex (MEC) is crucial for integrating these sensory inputs during the formation of spatial maps. While the responsiveness of many spatially modulated cells to visual stimuli is well-established, the role of tactile sensation in spatial representation is less understood. Rodents primarily gather tactile information through their whiskers, which provide essential spatial and textural details via whisking movements, potentially vital for constructing accurate spatial maps. In our study, we employed miniature two-photon microscopy to monitor neural activity in the MEC of freely moving male mice subjected to visual and tactile deprivation. We found that after spatial maps were established under visual guidance, head direction and border cells were disrupted by both light deprivation and whisker trimming, whereas grid and spatial cells were primarily dependent on visual input. In complete darkness with enriched tactile cues, however, all spatially modulated cell types could anchor their tuning to environmental tactile cues, and whisker trimming markedly impaired grid and spatial cell representations. A subset of neurons remained stable under combined deprivation, possibly relying on boundary-related tactile inputs from direct environmental contact. Additionally, we identified certain MEC neurons whose activity correlated with whisker movements, suggesting a potential role in integrating tactile information into spatial representations. These findings demonstrate that the MEC flexibly integrates multiple sensory inputs to sustain spatial coding and highlight a previously underappreciated contribution of tactile information to spatial navigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.09.611946</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Impact of Multiple Sensory Deprivation on Spatial-coding Cells in Medial Entorhinal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612777v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Arabidopsis histone H3K4me3-binding ALFIN-like proteins mediate histone H2A ubiquitination and coordinate diverse chromatin modifications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612777v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The histone H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) is widely distributed at numerous actively transcribed protein-coding genes throughout the genome. However, the interplay between H3K4me3 and other chromatin modifications remains poorly understood in plants. In this study, we find that the Arabidopsis thaliana H3K4me3-binding ALFIN-LIKE (AL) proteins are associated with H3K4me3-enriched genes at the whole-genome level. The AL proteins contain a C-terminal PHD finger, which has a conserved role in recognizing H3K4me3, and a PHD-associated AL (PAL) domain, which is responsible for binding to diverse chromatin-related proteins. We demonstrate that the AL proteins not only act as subunits of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) to mediate H2A ubiquitination at H3K4me3-enriched genes but also interact with a variety of other chromatin-related proteins. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanisms by which AL proteins interact with other chromatin-associated proteins to integrate H3K4me3, H2A ubiquitination, H2A.Z deposition, H3K27 demethylation, and chromatin accessibility across the genome. These findings underscore the critical role of AL proteins in linking H3K4me3 with a variety of other chromatin modifications in plants.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.12.612777</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Arabidopsis histone H3K4me3-binding ALFIN-like proteins mediate histone H2A ubiquitination and coordinate diverse chromatin modifications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.611920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring American Elderberry Compounds for Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Properties Through High-Throughput Screening Assays Combined with Untargeted Metabolomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.611920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is a rapidly emerging new perennial crop for Missouri, recognized for its high level of bioactive compounds with significant health benefits, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. A high-throughput screening assay combined with untargeted metabolomics analysis was utilized on American elderberry juice from 21 genotypes to explore and characterize these bioactive compounds. Our metabolomics study has identified 32 putative bioactive compounds in the American Elderberry juices. An array of high-throughput screening bioassays was conducted to evaluate 1) total antioxidant capacity, 2) activation of antioxidant response elements (ARE), 3) antiviral activity, and 4) antibacterial activity of the putatively identified compounds. Our results revealed that 14 of the 32 American elderberry compounds exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Four compounds (isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and naringenin) activated ARE activity and were found to be non-cytotoxic to cells. Notably, six of the 32 compounds demonstrated significant antiviral activity in an in vitro TZM-bl assay against two strains of HIV-1 virus, CXCR4-dependent NL4-3 virus and CCR5-dependent BaL virus. Luteolin showed the most potent anti-HIV activity against the NL4-3 virus (IC50 = 1.49 {micro}M), followed by isorhamnetin (IC50 = 1.67 {micro}M). The most potent anti-HIV compound against the BaL virus was myricetin (IC50 = 1.14 {micro}M), followed by luteolin (IC50 = 4.38 {micro}M). Additionally, six compounds were found to have antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, with cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside having the most potent antibacterial activity in vitro (IC50 = 2.9 {micro}M), followed by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (IC50 = 3.7 {micro}M). These findings support and validate the potential health benefits of compounds found in American elderberry juices and highlight their potential for use in dietary supplements as well as innovative applications in health and medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dwikarina, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayati, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Efrat, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, K.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sumner, L. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Applequist, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Michael Greenlief, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Townesmith, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.611920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring American Elderberry Compounds for Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Properties Through High-Throughput Screening Assays Combined with Untargeted Metabolomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intracortical injection of immune checkpoint inhibitor promotes monocyte/macrophage infiltration and restores microglial function and neuronal activity in an AD mouse model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves complex neuroimmune interactions. However, the role of immune checkpoint pathways in regulating the glial and neuronal functions of the AD brain remains unclear. This study aims to investigate how the brain-specific modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis affects glial and neuronal function in an AD mouse model, which is characterized by the significant upregulation of microglial PD-1 and astrocytic PD-L1. A single intracortical administration of anti-PD-L1 antibody reshaped the glial microenvironment, which was accompanied by the restoration of impaired microglial process convergence. Astrocyte-specific Pd-l1 knockdown using the pSico system validated the essential role of astrocytic PD-L1 in enhancing microglial responses. Notably, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway increased the microglial P2RY12 expression, a key marker of microglial homeostasis, which likely contributed to the restoration of neuronal hyperactivity. Collectively, these findings confirmed the potential of targeting the astrocyte-microglia PD-1/PD-L1 axis to mitigate AD pathology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bae, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Condello, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, H.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intracortical injection of immune checkpoint inhibitor promotes monocyte/macrophage infiltration and restores microglial function and neuronal activity in an AD mouse model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of small HBV surface antigen reveals mechanism of dimer formation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the only membrane protein on the HBV viral envelope, plays essential roles in HBV assembly, viral release, host cell attachment, and entry. Despite its functional and therapeutic importance, the detailed structure of HBsAg has remained enigmatic. Here, we present the core structure of HBsAg at 3.6 [A] resolution, determined using recombinant small spherical subviral particles (SVPs). The structure reveals how two HBsAg monomers interact to form a dimer, which is the basic building block of SVPs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of small HBV surface antigen reveals mechanism of dimer formation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612841v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systems model of alternating theta sweeps via firing rate adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612841v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Place and grid cells provide a neural system for self-location and tend to fire in sequences within each cycle of the hippocampal theta rhythm when rodents run on a linear track. These sequences correspond to the decoded location of the animal sweeping forward from its current location ("theta sweeps"). However recent findings in open-field environments show alternating left-right theta sweeps, and propose a circuit for their generation. Here, we present a computational model of this circuit, comprising head direction cells, conjunctive grid x direction cells, and pure grid cells, based on continuous attractor dynamics, firing rate adaptation, and modulated by the medial-septal theta rhythm. Due to firing rate adaptation, the head-direction ring attractor exhibits left-right sweeps coding for internal direction, providing an input to the grid cell attractor network shifted along the internal direction, via an intermediate layer of conjunctive grid x direction cells, producing left-right sweeps of position by grid cells. Our model explains the empirical findings, including the alignment of internal position and direction sweeps and the dependence of sweep length on grid spacing. It makes predictions for thetamodulated head-direction cells, including specific relationships between theta phase precession during turning, theta skipping, anticipatory firing and directional tuning width. These predictions are verified in experimental data from anteroventral thalamus. The model also makes several predictions for the relationships between position and direction sweeps, running speed and dorsal-ventral location within the entorhinal cortex. Overall, a simple intrinsic mechanism explains the complex theta dynamics of the spatial circuit, with testable predictions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612841</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systems model of alternating theta sweeps via firing rate adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612895v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamical Modulation of Hippocampal Replay Sequences through Firing Rate Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612895v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During periods of immobility and sleep, the hippocampus generates diverse self-sustaining sequences of "replay" activity, exhibiting stationary, diffusive, and super-diffusive dynamical patterns. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this diversity in hippocampal sequential dynamics remain largely unknown. Here, we propose such a mechanism demonstrating that modulation of firing rate adaptation in a continuous attractor model of place cells causes the emergence of different types of replay. Our model makes several key predictions. First, more diffusive replay sequences positively correlate with longer theta sequences across animals (both reflecting stronger adaptation). Second, replay diffusivity varies within an animal across behavioural states that affect adaptation (such as wake and sleep). Third, increases in neural excitability, incorporated with firing rate adaptation, reduce the step size of decoded movements within individual replay sequences. We provide new experimental evidence for all three predictions. These insights suggested that the diverse replay dynamics observed in the hippocampus can be reconciled through a simple yet effective neural mechanism, shedding light on its role in hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions and its relationship to other aspects of hippocampal electrophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bush, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612895</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamical Modulation of Hippocampal Replay Sequences through Firing Rate Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612981v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-related decline of PKA-RIIβ level in SNc dopaminergic neurons underlies PD pathogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612981v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (Protein kinase A, PKA) regulates dopaminergic function in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). However, whether PKA is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinsons disease (PD) is unknown. Here, by collecting and analyzing the current worldwide SNc transcriptomic datasets of PD patients, we found a decline of PKA-RII{beta} subunit level in the SNc of PD patients. The decreased PKA-RII{beta} subunit level was positively correlated with decreased dopamine synthesis and increased oxidative stress in the SNc of PD patients. PKA-RII{beta} subunit is expressed in the striatum and the SNc. PKA-RII{beta} gene knockout mice (RII{beta}-KO) showed a age-related parkinsonism at 12 months of age. Using Cre-LoxP system, we observed that RII{beta} re-expression in the SNc dopaminergic neurons rescued parkinsonism of RII{beta}-KO mice. RII{beta} re-expression in striatal neurons did not affect parkinsonism of RII{beta}-KO mice. The spontaneous parkinsonism could be developed in 12-month-old SNc dopaminergic neuron-specific RII{beta}-deficient mice. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed decreased PKA activity, reduced dopamine synthesis and raised oxidative stress in the SNc dopaminergic neurons of RII{beta}-KO mice. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy targeting PKA-RII{beta} in the SNc dopaminergic neurons rescued parkinsonism in PD mouse model. Taken together, these findings indicate that PKA-RII{beta} may be a key factor of human genetic etiologies of PD. The therapy targeting PKA-RII{beta} in the SNc dopaminergic neurons may be promising for PD treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.13.612981</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-related decline of PKA-RIIβ level in SNc dopaminergic neurons underlies PD pathogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613088v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-transcriptional RNA processing boosts zygotic gene activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613088v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription decodes protein-coding genes and interprets regulatory information embedded in the genome by generating RNA. In eukaryotes, gene transcription is coupled with RNA processing via the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II, which enhances messenger RNA (mRNA) production. We propose that co-transcriptional RNA processing is essential for zygotic gene activation (ZGA), transitioning the transcription program from noncoding to protein-coding after fertilization. Truncating the CTD in mouse cells disrupts this coupling, halting global mRNA synthesis and increasing noncoding RNA (ncRNA) levels through enhanced intergenic transcription and RNA stabilization. CTD truncation also triggers epigenetic reprogramming and nuclear reorganization towards totipotency, resembling early cleavage embryos. Mechanistically, the CTD restrains nonproductive polymerase activity in noncoding sequences, while at protein-coding genes requiring RNA processing, it promotes elongation by facilitating polymerase promoter-proximal pausing, transcription directionality, and velocity. Longer CTD lengths enhance gene activity, likely evolving to accommodate the increasing noncoding sequences in mammalian genomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Na, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613088</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-transcriptional RNA processing boosts zygotic gene activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Few-shot Algorithms for Consistent Neural Decoding (FALCON) Benchmark 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.15.613126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) can restore movement and communication abilities to individuals with paralysis by decoding their intended behavior from neural activity recorded with an implanted device. While this activity yields high-performance decoding over short timescales, neural data are often nonstationary, which can lead to decoder failure if not accounted for. To maintain performance, users must frequently recalibrate decoders, which requires the arduous collection of new neural and behavioral data. Aiming to reduce this burden, several approaches have been developed that either limit recalibration data requirements (few-shot approaches) or eliminate explicit recalibration entirely (zero-shot approaches). However, progress is limited by a lack of standardized datasets and comparison metrics, causing methods to be compared in an ad hoc manner. Here we introduce the FALCON benchmark suite (Few-shot Algorithms for COnsistent Neural decoding) to standardize evaluation of iBCI robustness. FALCON curates five datasets of neural and behavioral data that span movement and communication tasks to focus on behaviors of interest to modern-day iBCIs. Each dataset includes calibration data, optional few-shot recalibration data, and private evaluation data. We implement a flexible evaluation platform which only requires user-submitted code to return behavioral predictions on unseen data. We also seed the benchmark by applying baseline methods spanning several classes of possible approaches. FALCON aims to provide rigorous selection criteria for robust iBCI decoders, easing their translation to real-world devices. https://snel-repo.github.io/falcon/
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karpowicz, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tostado-Marcos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rizzoglio, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washington, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scodeler, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lucena, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nason-Tomaszewski, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mender, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arneodo, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hochberg, L. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chestek, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentner, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilja, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaunt, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collinger, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pandarinath, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.15.613126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Few-shot Algorithms for Consistent Neural Decoding (FALCON) Benchmark]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612666v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpretable high-resolution dimension reduction of spatial transcriptomics data by DeepFuseNMF 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612666v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies have revolutionized tissue architecture studies by capturing gene expression with spatial context. However, high-dimensional ST data often have limited spatial resolution and exhibit considerable noise and sparsity, posing significant challenges in deciphering subtle spatial structures and underlying biological activities. Here, we introduce SpaHDmap, an interpretable dimension reduction framework that enhances spatial resolution by integrating ST gene expression with high-resolution histology images. SpaHDmap incorporates non-negative matrix factorization into a multimodal fusion encoder-decoder architecture, enabling the identification of interpretable, high-resolution embeddings. Furthermore, SpaHDmap can simultaneously analyze multiple samples and is compatible with various types of histology images. Extensive evaluations on synthetic and real ST datasets from various technologies and tissue types demonstrate that SpaHDmap can effectively produce highly interpretable, high-resolution embeddings, and detects refined spatial structures. SpaHDmap represents a powerful approach for integrating ST data and histology images, offering deeper insights into complex tissue structures and functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.12.612666</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpretable high-resolution dimension reduction of spatial transcriptomics data by DeepFuseNMF]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612708v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of PRICKLE1 in the myometrium leads to reduced fertility, abnormal myometrial architecture, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition in mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.12.612708v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are the most prevalent benign tumors of the female reproductive tract, originating from the myometrium and affecting over 75% of reproductive-age women. Symptoms of UL include pelvic pain, pressure, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, anemia, and reproductive dysfunction. Currently, there is no effective long-term pharmacotherapy for UL, making them the leading cause of hysterectomies in the United States. The lack of treatment options is attributed to the absence of accurate animal models and a limited understanding of UL pathogenesis. Previous research has shown the loss of repressor of element 1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencing factor (REST/NRSF) within the myometrium promotes UL pathogenesis. In addition, deletion of Rest in the mouse myometrium leads to a UL phenotype. PRICKLE1, also known as Rest-interacting LIM-domain Protein (RILP), is required for nuclear localization of REST and Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, making it a critical target for UL studies. In the context of PCP, smooth muscle cells in UL show abnormal organization, aberrant ECM structure, and expression levels, potentially influenced by PRICKLE1 loss. The exact role of PRICKLE1 and Wnt/PCP in UL pathogenesis remains unclear.

To explore PRICKLE1s role in UL, we deleted Prickle1 using our myometrial-specific icre. Our findings demonstrate that Prickle1 loss in the myometrium results in a UL phenotype characterized by altered collagen expression, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, aberrant smooth muscle cell organization, increased Esr1 and Pgr expression, and dysregulated Wnt/PCP signaling. This novel mouse model serves as a valuable preclinical tool for understanding UL pathogenesis and developing future pharmacotherapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roberts, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganeshkumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennathukuzhi, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.12.612708</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of PRICKLE1 in the myometrium leads to reduced fertility, abnormal myometrial architecture, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition in mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613032v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The global spectrum of tree crown architecture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.14.613032v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships that link their height and crown size to their stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of woody ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from >500,000 globally distributed trees, we explored how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height, crown size and shape of the worlds tree species. We found that variation in height scaling relationships was primarily controlled by water availability and light competition. Conversely, crown width was predominantly shaped by exposure to wind and fire, while also covarying with other functional traits related to mechanical stability and photosynthesis. Additionally, several plant lineages had crown architectures that defy their environments, such as the exceedingly slender dipterocarps of Southeast Asia, or the extremely wide crowns of legumes in African savannas. Our study charts the global spectrum of tree crown architectural types. It provides a roadmap for integrating crown architecture with vegetation models and remote sensing observations, so that we may better understand the processes that shape the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jucker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fischer, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chave, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coomes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caspersen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feldpausch, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falster, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Usoltsev, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adu-Bredu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aminpour, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angoboy, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anten, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Askari, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayyappan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeckman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocko, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bond-Lamberty, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bongers, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bowers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Breugel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chantrain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudhary, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalponte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dimobe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Domec, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doucet, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dupuy-Rada, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duursma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enriquez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ewijk, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farfan-Rios, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayolle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferretti, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forrester, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.14.613032</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The global spectrum of tree crown architecture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613394v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cortical connectivity supports motoric synchronization to both auditory and visual rhythms in a frontal-temporal network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.17.613394v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Synchronizing motoric responses to metrical sensory rhythms is key to social activities, e.g., group singing and dancing. It remains elusive, however, whether there is a common neural network for motoric synchronization to metrical rhythms from different sensory modalities. Here, we separate sensorimotor responses from basic sensory responses by combining a metrical sensorimotor synchronization task with frequency-domain magnetoencephalography (MEG) analysis. A common frontal-temporal network, not including visual cortex, is observed during both visual- and auditory-motor synchronization, and the network remains in congenitally deaf participants during visual-motor synchronization, suggesting the network is formed by intrinsic cortical connections instead of auditory experience. Furthermore, activation of the left and right frontal-temporal areas, as well as the ipsilateral white matter connection, separately predict the precision of auditory and visual synchronization. These results reveal a common but lateralized frontal-temporal network for visual- and auditory-motor synchronization, which is generated based on intrinsic cortical connections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.17.613394</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cortical connectivity supports motoric synchronization to both auditory and visual rhythms in a frontal-temporal network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RFX3 is essential for the development and maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from pluripotent stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.18.613711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RFX3 in human pancreatic islet development has not been explored. This study aims to investigate the function of RFX3 in human pancreatic islet development using human islet organoids derived from iPSCs, hypothesizing that RFX3 regulates human islet cell differentiation. We generated RFX3 knockout (RFX3 KO) iPSC lines using CRISPR/Cas9 and differentiated them into pancreatic islet organoids. Various techniques were employed to assess gene expression, cell markers, apoptosis, proliferation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from hESC-derived pancreatic islets were re-analyzed to investigate RFX3 expression in specific cell populations at various developmental stages. Furthermore, bulk RNA sequencing was conducted to further assess transcriptomic changes. RFX3 was found to be highly expressed in pancreatic endocrine cell populations within pancreatic progenitors (PPs), endocrine progenitors (EPs), and mature islet stages derived from iPSCs. scRNA-seq further confirmed RFX3 expression across different endocrine cell clusters during differentiation. RFX3 loss disrupted pancreatic endocrine gene regulation, reduced hormone-secreting islet cells, and impaired beta-cell function and insulin secretion. Despite a significant reduction in pancreatic islet hormones, the pan-endocrine marker CHGA remained unchanged at both EP and islet stages, likely due to an increase in enterochromaffin cells (ECs). This was supported by our findings of high EC marker expression in RFX3 KO EPs and islets. In addition, RFX3 loss led to smaller islet organoids, elevated TXNIP levels, and increased apoptosis in EPs and islets. These findings underscore the crucial role of RFX3 in regulating human islet cell differentiation and its role in suppressing enterochromaffin cell specification. These insights into RFX3 function have implications for understanding islet biology and potential diabetes susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Memon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldous, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsayed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ijaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayat, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdelalim, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.18.613711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RFX3 is essential for the development and maturation of human pancreatic islets derived from pluripotent stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613013v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An Inflammation Centered Perspective to the Mechanisms and Interactions Related to Vascular Cognitive Impairment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613013v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A major health burden for the elderly, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a disease that combines cognitive (CD) and cardiovascular (CVD) components. The molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are poorly understood, and our work attempts to bridge this knowledge gap by building protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of CD and CVD. Our earlier research not only showed how well these two primary components work together, but also hinted at the potential role of inflammation in the development of VCI. For this reason, we decided to examine the relationship between inflammation and VCI in further detail.We identified the top three most connected clusters, which could represent significant modules, enriched these clusters with alternative conformations, and used PRISM to predict the interactions between the conformations. We proposed putative VCI-related interactions, such as NFKBIA-RELA and the proteasome complex, as well as their effects. The five interactions that we discovered have a higher predicted binding affinity when one of the conformations is mutated: LTF-SNCA, FGA-LTF, UBE2D1-VCP, ERBB4-INS, and NFE2L2-VCP. Additionally, since VCP has a conformational mutation linked to dementia, we proposed that the cancer-related protein BRCA1 may have implications for VCI. BRCA1s interaction with both wild-type and mutant XRCC4 and LIG4 suggests the significance of the DNA damage response pathway which can be shared between VCI and cancer.Altogether, our results suggest various pathways and interactions that can act as targets for therapeutic interventions or early diagnosis of VCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zeylan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyuz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613013</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An Inflammation Centered Perspective to the Mechanisms and Interactions Related to Vascular Cognitive Impairment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614077v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence that Dmrta2 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Pax6 in murine cortical progenitors and identification of a mutation crucial for DNA recognition associated with microcephaly in human 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614077v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dmrta2 (also designated Dmrt5) is a transcriptional regulator expressed in cortical progenitors in a caudomedialhigh/rostrolaterallow gradient with important roles at different steps of cortical development. Dmrta2 has been suggested to act in cortex development mainly by differential suppression of Pax6 and other homeobox transcription factors such as the ventral telencephalic regulator Gsx2, which remains to be fully demonstrated. Here we have addressed the epistatic relation between Pax6 and Dmrta2 by comparing phenotypes in mutant embryos or embryos overexpressing both genes in various allelic combinations. We showed that Dmrta2 cooperates with Pax6 in the maintenance of cortical identity in dorsal telencephalic progenitors and that it acts as a transcriptional repressor of Pax6 to control cortical patterning. Mechanistically, we show that in P19 cells, Dmrta2 can act as a DNA-binding dependent repressor on the Pax6 E60 enhancer and that a point mutation that affects its DNA binding properties leads to agenesis of the corpus callosum, pachygyria, and the absence of the cingulate gyrus. Finally, we provide evidence that Dmrta2 binds to the Zfp423 zinc finger protein and that it enhances its ability to recruit the NurD repressor complex. Together, our results highlight the importance and conserved function of Dmrta2 in cortical development and provide novel insights into its mechanism of action.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCorticogenesis is controlled by an array of transcription factors that coordinate neural progenitor self-renewal and differentiation to generate correct cortical cell number and diversity. However, how this complex array of transcription factors works in concert to regulate this delicate process remains largely unknown. Here we provide important insights into the mechanism of action of Dmrta2 by demonstrating that it cooperates with the transcription factor Pax6 to define the pallium-subpallium boundary and that it acts by repressing it, likely via the recruitment of Zfp423 and the NurD repressor complex, to control cortical patterning. Our data also reveal that a point mutation that affects its DNA binding causes cortical abnormalities in human, further highlighting its importance in cortex development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anirudhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatima, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szemes, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keruzore, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Plant, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabate San Jose, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kricha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delhaye, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mian, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khalid, L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toft, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dieu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Lint, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Achouri, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bellefroid, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614077</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence that Dmrta2 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Pax6 in murine cortical progenitors and identification of a mutation crucial for DNA recognition associated with microcephaly in human]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614111v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BrainUnit: Integrating Physical Units into High-Performance AI-Driven Scientific Computing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614111v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing scientific research across various disciplines. The foundation of scientific research lies in rigorous scientific computing based on standardized physical units. However, current mainstream high-performance numerical computing libraries for AI generally lack native support for physical units, significantly impeding the integration of AI methodologies into scientific research. To fill this gap, we introduce BrainUnit, a unit system designed to seamlessly integrate physical units into AI libraries, with a focus on compatibility with JAX. BrainUnit offers a comprehensive library of over 2000 physical units and more than 300 unit-aware mathematical functions. It is fully compatible with JAX transformations, allowing for automatic differentiation, just-in-time compilation, vectorization, and parallelization while maintaining unit consistency. We demonstrate BrainUnits efficacy through several use cases in brain dynamics modeling, including detailed biophysical neuron simulations, multiscale brain network modeling, neuronal activity fitting, and cognitive task training. Our results show that BrainUnit enhances the accuracy, reliability, and interpretability of scientific computations across scales, from ion channels to whole-brain networks, without impacting performance. By bridging the gap between abstract computational frameworks and physical units, BrainUnit represents a crucial step towards more robust and physically grounded AI-driven scientific computing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614111</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BrainUnit: Integrating Physical Units into High-Performance AI-Driven Scientific Computing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614122v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tetanizing wakeful consolidation: ten-hertz repetitive visual stimulation enhances the offline gain of visual learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.20.614122v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Consolidation of encoded information is vital for learning and memory, often explored during sleep. However, the consolidation during post-encoding offline wakefulness remains largely uncharted, especially regarding its modulation and brain mechanisms. Here, we unraveled frequency-dependent modulatory effects of repetitive visual stimulation (RVS) on wakeful consolidation of visual learning and investigated the underlying neural substrates. After training on an orientation discrimination task, exposure to 10-Hz grating-form RVS enhanced, while 1-Hz RVS deteriorated, the discrimination performance in a subsequent retest. However, 10-Hz uniform-disk RVS failed to facilitate wakeful consolidation, suggesting that alpha entrainment alone was not the facilitative mechanism. Using neuroimaging of multiple modalities, we observed augmented event-related potential and heightened neural excitation in the early visual cortex after 10-Hz grating-form RVS, implying an involvement of long-term potentiation-like (LTP-like) plasticity. Collectively, we provide a new photic method for modulating the offline processing of encoded sensory information and suggest a role of sensory tetanization in the modulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.20.614122</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tetanizing wakeful consolidation: ten-hertz repetitive visual stimulation enhances the offline gain of visual learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613256v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrating various Experimental Information to Assist Protein Complex Structure Prediction by GRASP 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.16.613256v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein complex structures are essential for understanding of biological activities and drug development. Improving complex structure prediction accuracy of AI models for cases such as antigen-antibody complexes is expected to further enhance their applicability. Meanwhile, a large variety of experimental methods are used to provide structural insights for protein complexes, with only sparse or approximate knowledge obtained. A general tool is needed to integrate AI models with limited experimental information for high-throughput and accurate protein complex structure prediction. To efficiently and flexibly incorporate the different forms of experimental information, we introduce here GRASP. GRASP outperforms existing tools in handling both simulated and real-world experimental restraints including those obtained from XL, CL, CSP, and DMS. As an example, GRASP excels in predicting antigen-antibody complex structures, even surpassing AF3 when utilizing experimental DMS and CL restraints. In addition to accelerating the restrained modeling process, its ability to integrate multiple forms of restraints makes it capable of integrative modeling. We also showcase its potential in modeling protein structural interactome in the near-cellular condition based on large-scale in vivo XL data for mitchondria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.16.613256</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrating various Experimental Information to Assist Protein Complex Structure Prediction by GRASP]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fungus-infected Meiogyne flowers offer a brood site for beetle pollinators in a tripartite nursery pollination system 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.613827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Fungi are widely known for their pathological impact on flowers, but some play a beneficial role in pollination. We report a case of tripartite pollination system in the flowering plant Meiogyne hainanensis (Annonaceae) in Hainan, China. The flowers emit a fruity scent composed of a mixture of mostly sesquiterpenes and aliphatic esters, attracting the primary beetle pollinators Paraphloeostiba sp. (Staphylinidae) and Mimemodes sp. (Monotomidae). The pollinators utilise the floral chamber as a mating ground and oviposit onto the adaxial corrugations of the inner petals. After the end of anthesis, extensive growth of filamentous fungi was observed to be restricted on these corrugated tissues. Upon hatching, the Paraphloeostiba and Mimemodes larvae consumed the fungal mycelia. ITS2 metabarcoding analysis reveals that the diet of the larvae consists of similar fungal taxa as those found on the inner petals. Both were primarily composed of ascomycete fungi such as Fusarium, Penicillium and Cladosporium species. The flower has an unusually long post-anthetic phase that lasts at least 21 days and up to 2 months, during which the fungus-infested petals remain arboreal, offering suitable microclimate and shelter for the broods. This is the second reported angiosperm genus that exhibits tripartite brood-site pollination in which filamentous fungi are an essential mutualistic partner.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, R. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.613827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fungus-infected Meiogyne flowers offer a brood site for beetle pollinators in a tripartite nursery pollination system]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modulation of β-Catenin is important to promote WNT expression in macrophages and mitigate intestinal injury 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.21.614209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Macrophages are the major source of WNT ligands. Macrophage-derived WNT is one of the most potent regenerative signals to mitigate intestinal injury. However, regulation of WNT expression in macrophages has not been studied. In the present study, we discovered that activation of canonical {beta}-Catenin suppresses WNT expression in macrophages. Our CHIP-seq and validation study demonstrated the involvement of {beta}-Catenin in the transcriptional regulation of WNT expression. Genetic and pharmacological approaches to de-stabilize/inactivate {beta}-Catenin induce WNT expression in macrophages. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a major career of WNT ligands. Transfusion of EVs from pre-conditioned WNT-enriched macrophages demonstrated significant regenerative benefit over native macrophage-derived EVs to mitigate radiation-induced intestinal injury. Transfusion of WNT-enriched EVs also reduces DSS-induced colitis. Our study provides substantial evidence to consider that macrophage-targeted modulation of canonical WNT signaling to induce WNT expression followed by treatment with WNT-enriched EVs can be a lead therapy against intestinal injury..

SUMMARYActivation of {beta}-Catenin suppresses WNT expression in macrophages. Macrophage-targeted pharmacological modulation of canonical WNT signaling followed by adoptive transfer mitigate radiation injury in intestine. EVs from these preconditioned macrophages mitigate chemical or radiation induced intestinal injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chugh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zitter, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Badkul, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.21.614209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modulation of β-Catenin is important to promote WNT expression in macrophages and mitigate intestinal injury]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.614018v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Trait-dependent biogeography offers insights on the dispersal of Meiogyne (Annonaceae) across the Australasia-Pacific region 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.19.614018v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiogyne is a genus of trees and treelets occurring in Indomalaya and Australasia-Pacific, an unusually wide distribution across Australasia and Western Pacific compared to the rest of the family Annonaceae. Previous chloroplast phylogenies of the genus offered poor resolution and support for many internal nodes. Here, a molecular phylogeny was reconstructed based on seven chloroplast and 11 nuclear markers of 33 Meiogyne taxa (ca. 70% sampling). The combined dataset generated a well resolved and supported phylogeny. Estimation of divergence time was calibrated with two fossils using uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. Trait-dependent and trait-independent biogeographical models in BioGeoBEARS were compared using AICc weight and likelihood ratio test. The results suggest that narrow monocarp width and fruit colour associated with bird dispersal are correlated with increased macroevolutionary dispersal. Under the best-fitting monocarp width-dependent DEC model, a single colonisation event from Sunda to Sahul during the middle to late Miocene and two dispersal events from New Guinea and Australia into the Pacific during the late Miocene to early Pliocene were detected. BayesTraits analysis strongly supports a correlation between narrow fruits and avian fruit colours. This study reveals that Meiogyne lineages with narrow fruitlets and fruit colour associated to bird dispersal (black, red & orange) are associated with increased macroevolutionary dispersal. Bird dispersal and the associated traits may be important drivers for macroevolutionary dispersal for plants with fleshy fruits in Australasia-Pacific.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munzinger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chalermglin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saunders, R. M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.19.614018</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Trait-dependent biogeography offers insights on the dispersal of Meiogyne (Annonaceae) across the Australasia-Pacific region]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A comparative assessment of self-limiting genetic control strategies for population suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.23.614516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic control strategies are promising solutions for control of pest populations and invasive species. Methods utilizing repeated releases of males such as Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal (RIDL), self-limiting gene drives, and gene disruptors are highly controllable methods, ensuring biosafety. Although models of these strategies have been built, detailed comparisons are lacking, particularly for some of the newer strategies. Here, we conducted a thorough comparative assessment of self-limiting genetic control strategies by individual-based simulation models. Specifically, we find that repeated releases greatly enhance suppression power of weak and self-limiting gene drives, enabling population elimination with even low efficiency and high fitness costs. Moreover, dominant female sterility further strengthens self-limiting systems that can either use gene drive or disruptors that target genes without a mechanism to bias their own inheritance. Some of these strategies are highly persistent, resulting in relatively low release ratios even when released males suffer high fitness costs. To quantitively evaluate different strategies independent from ecological impact, we proposed constant-population genetic load, which achieves over 95% accuracy in predicting simulation outcomes for most strategies, though it is not as precise in a few frequency-dependent systems. Our results suggest that many new self-limiting strategies are safe, flexible, and more cost-effective than traditional SIT and RIDL, and thus have great potential for population suppression of insects and other pests.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.23.614516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A comparative assessment of self-limiting genetic control strategies for population suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessment of drive efficiency and resistance allele formation of a homing gene drive in the mosquito Aedes aegypti 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aedes aegypti, known for transmitting viruses such as dengue, zika, and yellow fever, poses a significant public health threat. Conventional insecticides give rise to a range of issues, including ecological contamination and insect resistance. Hence, there is a pressing demand for environmentally friendly, safer, and more efficacious strategies for mosquito control. With the rapid advancement of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in gene function exploration and pest population control, substantial progress has been achieved in utilizing CRISPR/Cas9-based gene drive systems across various mosquito species. Only a few studies on gene drive technology have been conducted in A. aegypti. In this study, we constructed two complete drives for A. aegypti with different Cas9 promoters, each targeting kmo. Our drive based on Pub-Cas9 had limited activity, but one with exu-Cas9 exhibited super-Mendelian inheritance rates of approximately 60%. We observed low but detectable somatic activity of the drive and no evidence of maternally deposited Cas9. Germline resistance allele formation rates were similar to drive conversion rates, but most wild-type alleles in the germline remained uncut. Injections into the exu-Cas9 drive line had 100% knockout efficiency among surviving offspring at three separate target genes. These results support the development and application of novel genetic pest control technologies aimed at combating A. aegypti.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessment of drive efficiency and resistance allele formation of a homing gene drive in the mosquito Aedes aegypti]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614797v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FROG Analysis Ensures the Reproducibility of Genome Scale Metabolic Models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.24.614797v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and other constraint-based models (CBMs) play a pivotal role in understanding biological phenotypes and advancing research in areas like metabolic engineering, human disease modelling, drug discovery, and personalized medicine. Despite their growing application, a significant challenge remains in ensuring the reproducibility of GEMs, primarily due to inconsistent reporting and inadequate model documentation of model results. Addressing this gap, we introduce FROG analysis, a community-driven initiative aimed at standardizing reproducibility assessments of CBMs and GEMs. The FROG framework encompasses four key analyses--Flux variability, Reaction deletion, Objective function, and Gene deletion--to produce standardized, numerically reproducible FROG reports. These reports serve as reference datasets, enabling model evaluators, curators, and independent researchers to verify the reproducibility of GEMs systematically.

BioModels, a leading repository of systems biology models, has integrated FROG analysis into its curation workflow, enhancing the reproducibility and reusability of submitted GEMs. In our study evaluating 65 GEM submissions from the community, approximately 40% reproduced without intervention, 28% requiring minor adjustments, and 32% needing input from authors. The standardization introduced by FROG analysis facilitated the detection and resolution of issues, ultimately leading to the successful reproduction of all models. By establishing a standardized and comprehensive approach to evaluating GEM reproducibility, FROG analysis significantly contributes to making CBMs and GEMs more transparent, reusable, and reliable for the broader scientific community.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Raman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kratochvil, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olivier, B. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konig, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sengupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baskaran, D. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilken, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raghu, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Palanikumar, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raajaraam, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umale, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bergmann, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malpani, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Satagopam, V. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beber, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keating, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anton, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koduru, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mostolizadeh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dias, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cunha, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zengler, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santibanez-Palominos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barberis, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puniya, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Helikar, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suthers, P. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maranas, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casini, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logh</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.24.614797</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FROG Analysis Ensures the Reproducibility of Genome Scale Metabolic Models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Proteases Revealed by a Dual-Color, BRET-based Protease Biosensor, DuProSense 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro proteases are known to cleave polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab at multiple sites, these have not been comprehensively characterized in living cells. Here we engineered a two-color Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based, dual protease (DuProSense) biosensor platform relying on a proximity-dependent energy transfer from a luciferase donor to two spectrally separated fluorescent protein acceptors enabling simultaneous monitoring of processing of two cleavage sites in a single assay with high specificity. DuProSense revealed a similar Mpro and PLpro cleavage kinetics for their N-terminal autocleavage sites. Importantly, systematic characterization of various Mpro and PLpro cleavage sites using DuProSense revealed significant differences in cleavage rates and nirmatrelvir potency of Mpro cleavage sites but no correlation between the cleavage rates and nirmatrelvir IC50 values. Overall, our results provide deeper insights into the proteolytic processing of SARS-CoV-2 polyproteins and the dual color BRET platform will find wider applications in the future.

HighlightsO_LIEngineered a two-color BRET-based, dual protease biosensor (DuProSense)
C_LIO_LIDuProSense biosensor enabled simultaneous and specific monitoring of Mpro and PLpro activities
C_LIO_LIDuProSense platform revealed differential cleavage kinetics of Mpro cleavage sites in live cells
C_LIO_LIDuProSense platform revealed Mpro cleavage site-dependent nirmatrelvir potency in live cells
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fatima, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geethakumari, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biswas, K. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.615113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Proteases Revealed by a Dual-Color, BRET-based Protease Biosensor, DuProSense]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615100v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Interpreting Sleep Activity Through Neural Contrastive Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.25.615100v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Memories are spontaneously replayed during sleep, a process thought to support memory consolidation. However, capturing this replay in humans has been challenging because unlike wakefulness, sleep EEG is dominated by slow, rhythmic background activity. Moreover, each sleep stage (e.g., NREM, REM) has distinct rhythms, hindering generalisation of models trained on wake-state data. To overcome these challenges, we developed the Sleep Interpreter (SI), a neural network model that decodes memory replay from sleep EEG. In a large dataset comprising 135 participants ([~]1,000 h of overnight sleep; [~]400 h of wake), we employed a TMR-like paradigm with 15 semantically congruent cue-image pairs to tag specific memories. SI was trained separately for NREM and REM using contrastive learning to align neural patterns across wake and sleep, filtering out stage-specific background rhythms. We also examined how slow oscillations and spindle coupling influence decoding in NREM sleep. In a 15-way classification, SI achieved up to 40.02% Top-1 accuracy on unseen subjects. To test generalisability, we followed up with two independent nap experiments in separate samples and applied the trained SI model off-the-shelf. The first probed spontaneous reactivation without auditory cues, while the second used semantic-free sounds with new images. In both, SI successfully decoded reactivation during sleep that correlated with post-nap memory performance. By openly sharing our dataset and SI system, we provide a unique resource for advancing research on memory and learning during sleep, and related disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolan, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrens, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.25.615100</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Interpreting Sleep Activity Through Neural Contrastive Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Twist is the key to the gating of mechanosensitive ion channel NOMPC 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.26.615110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NOMPC, a tethered mechanosensitive ion channel belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, converts mechanical stimuli into ionic electric signals that excite neuronal cells. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a pushing force applied to the linker helix domain or the compression of NOMPCs ankyrin repeat (AR) domain can trigger channel opening. In this study, we explored the direct mechanical causes of NOMPC channel opening as well as the torsional properties of the AR domain, using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that a torque directed toward the extracellular side, exerted on the amphipathic TRP domain, is the primary factor driving channel opening. The coupling between compression and twisting of the AR domain ensures that both types of deformation can induce channel opening. Therefore, we propose a twist-to-open model, facilitated by the compression-twist coupling property of the AR domain, to provide further insight into the gating mechanism of the NOMPC channel.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.26.615110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Twist is the key to the gating of mechanosensitive ion channel NOMPC]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.614665v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Mouse Model Demonstrates In Vivo Replenishment of Central Nervous System Pericytes After Successful Acute Ablation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.27.614665v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Central nervous system (CNS) pericytes play crucial roles in vascular development and blood-brain barrier maturation during prenatal development, as well as in regulating cerebral blood flow in adults. They have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological disorders. However, the behavior of pericytes in the adult brain after injury remains poorly understood, partly due to limitations in existing pericyte ablation models. To investigate pericyte responses following acute ablation, we developed a tamoxifen-inducible pericyte ablation model by crossing PDGFR{beta}-P2A-CreERT2 and Rosa26-DTA176 transgenic mouse lines. Using this model, we studied the effects of different tamoxifen doses and conducted histological examinations 15 and 60 days post-injection to assess both short- and long-term impacts of pericyte ablation. Our results demonstrate that a low dose of tamoxifen effectively ablates CNS pericytes in mice without reducing survival or causing significant systemic side effects, such as weight loss. Additionally, we found that the extent of pericyte depletion varies between the cortex and the spinal cords gray and white matter regions. Importantly, both pericyte coverage and numbers increased in the weeks following acute ablation, indicating the regenerative capacity of CNS pericytes in vivo. This model offers a valuable tool for future studies on the role of pericytes in neurological disorders, overcoming the limitations of constitutive pericyte ablation models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Atak, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yousefi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokyuzu, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizilirmak, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alnajjar, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanar, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caan, Z. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeybek, S. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucukali, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuzun, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.27.614665</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Mouse Model Demonstrates In Vivo Replenishment of Central Nervous System Pericytes After Successful Acute Ablation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.614398v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomics of pre-implantation mouse embryos uncovers distinct asymmetry of certain proteins among early blastomeres 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.28.614398v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During pre-implantation mouse embryonic development, blastomeres undergo division and differentiation, reaching a distinctive level of heterogeneity, hence the completion of the first cell fate determination. However, when the initial asymmetry emerges and how this heterogeneity amplifies, particularly at the protein level, remain elusive. Here, by mass spectrometry-based single-blastomere proteomics, we identified proteins exhibiting significant heterogeneity in abundance among mouse blastomeres as early as the 2-cell stage. Differential gene expression among blastomeres, as indicated by intra-embryo variation in RNA abundance detected through single-cell RNA sequencing, was insufficient to fully explain the corresponding disparities in protein abundance. Instead, the asymmetric distribution of protein molecules during cell division was observed, serving as another mechanism contributing to protein heterogeneity, independent of RNA expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.28.614398</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell proteomics of pre-implantation mouse embryos uncovers distinct asymmetry of certain proteins among early blastomeres]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615742v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An all-in-one AAV vector for cardiac-specific gene silencing by an adenine base editor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615742v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ABE editing outcomes are highly variable and unpredictable, depending on various factors. Therefore, the success rate of creating targeted A*T-to-G*C conversions using ABE is not high. But utilizing ABE to target RNA splicing sites for gene silencing has a higher success rate. Another challenge for base editing in the heart is that traditional ABE is too large in size, necessitating dual AAV delivery. Whether single AAV delivery can be achieved remains to be explored. In this study, we demonstrated how the diversity of Cas9 homologs and screening of sgRNAs can facilitate cardiac base editing. Single-AAV base editing outperformed dual-AAV systems in the heart, potentially benefiting from chromatin accessibility-guided sgRNA selection. These findings have important implications for the development of more effective and predictable base editing tools for cardiac gene therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615742</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An all-in-one AAV vector for cardiac-specific gene silencing by an adenine base editor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phytochemical Analysis and Nematicidal Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Meloidogyne javanica 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.29.615697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study examined the nematicidal potential of ethanol extracts derived from four plants, namely Actinidia deliciosa (Chev.), Carica papaya, Citrus paradise, and Raphanus sativus, against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Experimental results indicated a significant reduction in the survival of second-stage juveniles of M. javanica when exposed to these plant extracts. Notably, concentrations of 2% and 1% were found to be more effective in comparison to 0.5% and 0.25%, yielding statistically significant outcomes. Furthermore, the mortality rate of the nematodes exhibited a direct correlation with the duration of exposure for most plant extracts. The fruit extracts obtained from A. deliciosa, C. papaya, C. paradise, and R. sativus demonstrated a substantial decrease in nematode infestation compared to the control group. The nematicidal activity of KI3a (BuOH) significant from 0.1356 to 1.9076 over 72 hours, while P-KI-2a (EtOAc) showed rose from 0.1206 to 0.6456. In compare, GF-3 (EtOAc) and Carbofuran to 0.0179 and 0.0098, respectively. PA-1 (MeOH) and RS-3 (EtOAc) showed modest nematicidal potential. This research emphasizes the efficacy of plant extract in mitigating root-knot nematode infestation, offering a promising alternative to chemical managements. Additionally, comprehensive phytochemical analysis should be achieved to recognize the active chemical constituents responsible for their effects. Exploring synergistic effects between these compounds and other natural or synthetic agents could further improve their potential applications in sustainable agriculture, improving crop protection and promoting eco-friendly practices.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naheed, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ishtiaq, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Solangi, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>karim, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukhtar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bakhshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mina, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alarfaji, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.29.615697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phytochemical Analysis and Nematicidal Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Meloidogyne javanica]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An accelerated molecular dynamics study for investigating protein pathways using the bond-boost hyperdynamics method 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an important tool for understanding protein dynamics and the thermodynamic properties of proteins. However, due to the high computational cost of MD simulations, it is still challenging to explore a wide conformational space. To solve this problem, a variety of accelerated MD schemes have been proposed over the past few decades. The bond-boost method (BBM) is one of such accelerated MD schemes, which expedites escape events from energy basins by adding a bias potential based on changes in bond length. In this paper, we present a new methodology based on the BBM for accelerating the conformational transition of proteins. In our modified BBM, the bias potential is constructed using the dihedral angle and hydrogen bond, which are more suitable variables to monitor the conformational change in proteins. Additionally, we have developed an efficient algorithm compatible with the LAMMPS package. The method is validated with the conformational change of Adenylate kinase (AdK) by comparing the conventional and accelerated MD simulation results. Based on the accelerated MD results, the characteristics of AdK are investigated by monitoring the conformational transition pathways and the behavior of interdomain salt bridges. Moreover, the free energy landscape calculated using umbrella sampling confirms all the states identified by the accelerated MD simulation are the free energy minima and the system makes transitions following the path indicated by the free energy landscape. Our efficient approach is expected to play a key role in investigating transition pathways in a wide range of protein simulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, M.-k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, B. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An accelerated molecular dynamics study for investigating protein pathways using the bond-boost hyperdynamics method]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SC-MAMBA2: Leveraging State-Space Models for Efficient Single-Cell Ultra-Long Transcriptome Modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThe rapid advancement of single-cell sequencing technology has significantly deepened our understanding of cellular heterogeneity, yet it concurrently presents substantial challenges for the unified modeling of single-cell data. Simultaneously, pre-trained foundation models have achieved notable success in domains such as natural language processing and image analysis. However, extending these models to accommodate ultra-long single-cell transcriptome sequences, characterized by an extensive number of genes, remains a formidable task. In this study, we introduce SC-MAMBA2, based on the MAMBA2 architecture, meticulously designed with a bidirectional modeling approach tailored for single-cell transcriptomics data. As the first single-cell foundation model to integrate state-space models (SSMs) underlying MAMBA2 architecture, SC-MAMBA2 features over 625 million parameters, covers more than 60,000 genes, and was pre-trained on a dataset of over 57 million cells, making it the most comprehensive solution for processing ultra-long transcriptome sequences. Extensive bench-marking across a diverse array of downstream tasks consistently demonstrates that SC-MAMBA2 surpasses state-of-the-art models, delivering superior accuracy and enhanced computational efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SC-MAMBA2: Leveraging State-Space Models for Efficient Single-Cell Ultra-Long Transcriptome Modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615983v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Calcium Homeostasis Modulator 2 Constitutes an ATP-regulation Pore in Mitochondria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615983v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent structural analyses showed that the calcium homeostasis modulator-2 (CALHM2) forms a mega channel, but its cellular location and endogenous function are yet unknown. We found that native CALHM2 resides on the mitochondrial inner membrane and constitutes an ATP-regulated ATP release channel. CALHM2 knockdown/knockout decreases cytosolic ATP concentration, and thereby compromises energy-sensitive processes, such as intracellular Ca2+ handling. However, CALHM2 loss-of-function elevates ATP concentration in the mitochondrial matrix, dephosphorylates key enzymes in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and promotes longevity in CALHM2 knockout mice. These findings reveal that CALHM2 constitutes a novel regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, which may have important implications in aging and diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>GUO, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615983</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Calcium Homeostasis Modulator 2 Constitutes an ATP-regulation Pore in Mitochondria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615975v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Coding in Motor Planning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.30.615975v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The nervous system utilizes prior information to enhance the accuracy of perception and action. Prevailing models of motor control emphasize Bayesian models, which suggest that the system adjusts the current motor plan by integrating information from previous observations. While Bayesian integration has been extensively examined, those studies usually applied a highly stable and predictable environment. In contrast, in many real-life situations, motor goals change rapidly over time in a relatively unpredictable way, leaving it unclear whether Bayesian integration is useful in those natural environments. An alternative model that leverages prior information to improve performance is efficient coding, which suggests that the motor system maximizes the accuracy by dynamically tuning the allocation of the encoding resources based on environmental statistics. To investigate whether this adaptive mechanism operates in motor planning, we employed center-out reaching tasks with motor goals changing in a relatively unpredictable way, where Bayesian and efficient coding models predict opposite sequential effects. Consistent with the efficient coding model, we found that current movements were biased in the opposite direction of previous movements. These repulsive biases were amplified by intrinsic motor variability. Moreover, movement variability decreased when successive reaches were similar to each other. Together, these effects support the presence of efficient coding in motor planning, a novel mechanism with which the motor system maintains flexibility and high accuracy in dynamic environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Whitney, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615975</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Coding in Motor Planning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pathogenicity across variation in microbial virulence and host resistance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.02.616271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pathogenicity of a microbe is difficult to define in a comparative context: across microbes with varying virulence or across host genotypes with varying susceptibilities. Several different statistical approaches have been employed to investigate pathogenicity and susceptibility. Measures like proportional mortality or morbidity at a given time are attractive due to their simplicity but represent a single snapshot. Survival curve approaches, such as the Cox proportional hazards model and risk scores provide a more nuanced picture of the course of infection. More recently, Casadevall introduced the concept of pathogenic potential, a composite measure encompassing both host susceptibility and pathogen virulence, which focuses on the pathogenicity of a single pathogenic microbe, and later expanded to include additional nuances. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we conducted infection experiments with diverse species of Providencia bacteria that naturally vary in virulence. We also used several infectious doses to tune infections. We employed different host genotypes that vary in susceptibility to Providencia infection. Our analysis incorporates factors such as host genotype, pathogen type, inoculum load, symptomatic fraction, and mortality to compare host- and pathogen-based measures of pathogenicity. We discuss the advantages and limitations of each method, providing insights into their applicability in deciphering the intricacies of host-pathogen interactions and guiding the choice of analytical approaches in infectious disease research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.02.616271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pathogenicity across variation in microbial virulence and host resistance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene-by-environment interactions and adaptive body size variation in mice from the Americas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.616282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The relationship between genotype and phenotype is often mediated by the environment. Moreover, gene-by-environment (GxE) interactions can contribute to variation in phenotypes and, in turn, fitness. Nevertheless, understanding the impact of GxE interactions in wild systems remains challenging. In the last 500 years, house mice have invaded the Americas. Despite their short residence time, there is evidence of rapid climate adaptation, including shifts in body size and aspects of metabolism with latitude. Previous studies in this system have identified candidate genes for metabolic adaptation using selection scans, however, environmental variation in diet as well as GxE interactions affecting metabolism are likely important factors in shaping body mass variation in wild populations. Here, we investigate the role of the environment and GxE interactions in shaping adaptive phenotypic variation with an experimental manipulation of diet. Using new locally adapted inbred strains from North and South America, we evaluated response to a high-fat diet, finding that sex, strain, diet, and the interaction between strain and diet contribute significantly to variation in aspects of body size. We also found that transcriptional response to diet is largely strain-specific, indicating that GxE interactions affecting gene expression are pervasive. Next, we used crosses between strains from contrasting climates (New York x Brazil and New York x Florida) to characterize gene expression regulatory divergence on a standard breeder diet and on a high-fat diet. We found that gene regulatory divergence is often condition-specific, particularly for trans-acting changes. Finally, we find evidence for lineage-specific selection on cis-regulatory variation involved in diverse processes, including lipid metabolism. Overlap with scans for selection identified candidate genes for environmental adaptation with diet-specific effects. Together, our results underscore the importance of environmental variation and GxE interactions to adaptive variation in complex traits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mack, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landino, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tertyshnaia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Longo, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vera, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crew, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonald, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phifer-Rixey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.03.616282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene-by-environment interactions and adaptive body size variation in mice from the Americas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616687v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genotype-first approach identifies variants for orofacial clefts and other phenotypes in dogs 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.04.616687v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dog breeding promotes within-group homogeneity through conformation to strict breed standards, and also drives between-group heterogeneity in pursuit of characteristic breed traits. There are over 350 recognized dog breeds that provide the foundation for investigating the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity. Typically, breed standard phenotypes such as stature, fur length, and craniofacial structure are analyzed in genetic association studies. However, such analyses are limited to the assayed phenotypes, leaving difficult to measure phenotypic subtleties potentially overlooked. In this study, the genotype-first approach was adapted to the dog genome to investigate coding variation from over 2000 dogs, leading to discoveries of new mutations related to craniofacial morphology and stature. Breed-enriched variants were prioritized according to gene constraint, which was calculated using a mutation model derived from trinucleotide substitution probabilities in the dog. Among the discovered variants was a splice-acceptor mutation in PDGFRA associated with bifid nose, a characteristic trait of Catalburun dogs, implicating the genes role in midline closure, and a frameshift mutation in LCORL associated with large canine body size, thus highlighting the importance of allelic heterogeneity in selection for breed traits. Most priority variants were not associated with genomic signatures for breed differentiation, as these regions were enriched for constrained genes intolerant to nonsynonymous variation, suggesting a model of breed phenotype diversification based on regulatory changes to essential genes. Identification of trait-associated variants in dogs informs new biological roles for genes. Improved collection of breed disease risk data, along with increased breed representation, will drive further discoveries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Buckley, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilgen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Savolainen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tepeli, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erdogan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serres Armero, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dreger, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Steenbeek, F. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hytönen, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hale, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lohi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cınar Kul, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyko, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ostrander, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.04.616687</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genotype-first approach identifies variants for orofacial clefts and other phenotypes in dogs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
C-Reactive Protein Drives Potent Clearance of Blood Bacteria in the Liver by Activating the Complement System 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used as a biomarker for bacterial infections due to its massive induction during infections, however, the precise function of CRP in bacterial infections remains undefined. Here we show that CRP enables Kupffer cells (liver macrophages) to capture and eliminate a wide range of encapsulated bacteria from the bloodstream of mice and thereby provides rapid and effective immunity. Mechanistically, CRP binds to the structurally diverse capsular polysaccharides of major Gram-positive and -negative pathogens, and thereby activates complement C3 at the bacterial surface. The C3-opsonized microbes are in turn captured by C3 receptors on the surface of Kupffer cells, and eliminated in the liver sinusoids. Since CRP principally shares the functional features of antibodies in pathogen recognition/execution, CRP-based defense combines the broad spectrum of the innate immunity with the swiftness, potency and specificity of the adaptive immunity, which helps explain massive rise of CRP during systemic bacterial infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[C-Reactive Protein Drives Potent Clearance of Blood Bacteria in the Liver by Activating the Complement System]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Computational Insights into the Allosteric Behavior of Mini-Insulin in Receptor Binding Driven by C-Peptide Mobility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.05.616825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background/aimThe production of recombinant insulin remains challenging, particularly in enhancing refolding efficiency and bioactivity. Mini-proinsulin analogs, which involve reducing the length of the C-peptide, offer potential improvements in insulin production. This study aims to evaluate mini-proinsulin analogs design and receptor binding dynamics to optimize recombinant insulin production in E. coli.

Materials and methodsMini-proinsulin analogs were engineered by replacing the 33-residue C-peptide with a pentapeptide sequence to improve refolding. The three-dimensional structure of mini-proinsulin was predicted using AlphaFold and performed docking analysis of mini-proinsulin analogs to the insulin receptor using AutoDock Tools, with comparisons made to previously available NMR-determined analog and the native insulin-insulin receptor complex. Normal Mode Analyses (GNM and ANM) were performed in detail to assess binding dynamics.

ResultsIn silico analyses revealed that mini-proinsulin analogs closely replicate the structural features of native insulin and display receptor binding dynamics similar to native insulin, though they follow distinct receptor interaction paths.

ConclusionAll analysis suggests that C-peptide mobility may contribute to the allosteric behavior observed in mini-proinsulin analogs during receptor interaction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>AYAN, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Computational Insights into the Allosteric Behavior of Mini-Insulin in Receptor Binding Driven by C-Peptide Mobility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolutionary conserved sap peptides derived from xylem-specific peptide precursors in woody angiosperms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.08.617308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptides act as long-distance mobile signals, transported through vascular sap to coordinate complex developmental processes. Since the tissue-specificity of peptide precursor gene expression is critical in determining peptide signaling function, we integrated vascular sap peptidomes with tissue-level transcriptomes to investigate the roles of sap peptides in two economically important woody plants, Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis. Xylem exhibited the highest ratio of tissue-specific sap peptide precursor genes. Most of the sap peptides derived from xylem-specific precursor genes of P. trichocarpa and E. grandis were highly conserved throughout woody species selected from different clades in angiosperms, including magnoliids, rosids and asterids in eudicots. To further explore the conservation of these peptides, we examined the sap peptidome of Cinnamomum kanehirae (camphor tree), from the ancient clade with three xylem cell types. Approximately 90% of the peptides from xylem-specific precursors that were conserved between P. trichocarpa and E. grandis, were also conserved in the vascular sap of C. kanehirae, demonstrating a remarkably high conservation of these peptides across woody angiosperms. Most of the sap peptides conserved in these three woody species are also highly conserved across land plants, suggesting that these peptides may contribute to plant terrestrialization. Within the sap peptides from xylem- specific precursor genes, a total of 10 peptides were identical across all three woody plants. This substantial enrichment of xylem-specific precursor-derived peptides, along with their high conservation, suggests that these long-distance mobile peptides play a crucial role in secondary xylem development.

One sentence summaryIntegration of sap peptidomic and tissue-level transcriptomic data revealed highly conserved long-distance mobile peptides derived from xylem- specific precursors across woody angiosperms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, S.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.08.617308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolutionary conserved sap peptides derived from xylem-specific peptide precursors in woody angiosperms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617541v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Estrogen Receptor 1 Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells Designates Resistance to Liver Fibrosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.10.617541v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prevalence and severity of liver fibrosis appear higher in men than in premenopausal women, while postmenopausal women exhibit the worsened disease. However, the pathophysiological mechanism underlying such clinical observations remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that sex hormone depletion in adult female mice exaggerates the model of liver fibrosis, while estradiol replacement in castrated male mice is sufficient to mitigate the disease severity. Transcriptomic analyses and immunohistochemistry then demonstrate that both human and mouse hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the primary cell type responsible for extracellular fibrous depositions, predominantly express the estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Of importance, genetic deletion of ESR1 in mouse HSCs markedly promotes liver fibrosis. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and in vitro manipulations reveal that ESR1 can directly target the expression of fibrosis-related genes in HSCs. Together, this study has elucidated a critical aspect of ESR1 signaling in the sexual dimorphism of liver fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.10.617541</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Estrogen Receptor 1 Signaling in Hepatic Stellate Cells Designates Resistance to Liver Fibrosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human Brain-Wide Activation of Sleep Rhythms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During sleep, our brain undergoes highly synchronized activity, orchestrated by distinct neural rhythms. Little is known about the associated brain activation during these sleep rhythms, and even less about their functional implications. In this study, we investigated the brain-wide activation underlying human sleep rhythms by employing simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 107 participants during nocturnal nap (first half of the night). We identified robust coupling between slow oscillations (SOs) and fast spindles during deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep (N2/3 stages), with spindle peaks consistently occurring just before the SO UP-state. This SO-spindle coupling was linked to elevated activation in both the thalamus and hippocampus, alongside increased functional connectivity from the hippocampus to the thalamus and from the thalamus to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). An open-ended cognitive state decoding analysis suggested that these activations may relate to episodic memory processes, yet were distinct from task-related networks. Together, these findings highlight the thalamus as a key coordinator of hippocampal-cortical communication during sleep and provide new insights into the mechanisms by which synchronized sleep rhythms may support memory consolidation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human Brain-Wide Activation of Sleep Rhythms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanistic Studies of Small Molecule Ligands Selective to RNA Single G Bulges 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.14.618236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Small-molecule RNA binders have emerged as an important pharmacological modality. A profound understanding of the ligand selectivity, binding mode, and influential factors governing ligand engagement with RNA targets is the foundation for rational ligand design. Here, we report a novel class of coumarin derivatives exhibiting selective binding affinity towards single G RNA bulges. Harnessing the computational power of all-atom Gaussian accelerated Molecular Dynamics (GaMD) simulations, we unveiled a rare minor groove binding mode of the ligand with a key interaction between the coumarin moiety and the G bulge. This predicted binding mode is consistent with results obtained from structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies and transverse relaxation measurements by NMR spectroscopy. We further generated 444 molecular descriptors from 69 coumarin derivatives and identified key contributors to the binding events, such as charge state and planarity, by lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression. Strikingly, small structure perturbations on these key contributors, such as the addition of a methyl group that disrupts the planarity of the ligand resulted in > 100-fold reduction in the binding affinity. Our work deepened the understanding of RNA-small molecule interactions and integrated a new generalizable platform for the rational design of selective small-molecule RNA binders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hegde, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akhter, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewicka, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koirala, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reibarkh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holmstrom, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piccirilli, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.14.618236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanistic Studies of Small Molecule Ligands Selective to RNA Single G Bulges]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.615126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial frequency channels mediate a visual metric for human spatial perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.15.615126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An intriguing mystery concerning spatial vision is that the perceived spatial property information of the same stimulus varies in different contexts. While previous findings are suggestive of an adaptable mental ruler by which the raw retinal signals are flexibly scaled according to the prevailing context, whether and how such a putative mental ruler is utilized by the visual brain remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that the putative mental ruler was represented by multiple differently-tuned spatial frequency (SF) channels. A finer division of the ruler, signaled by dominance of the high-SF channels, is translated to a wider-spread topography of neural activation via concentration of neuronal receptive fields, causing perceptual inflation. Combining psychophysics and fMRI, we found that modulation of SF channels caused a systematic distortion in perceived separation, a representative fundamental spatial property, and a global displacement of population receptive fields (pRF) in primary visual cortex. Computational modeling further showed that both the perceptual distortion and the global pRF displacement were functionally coupled with the magnitude of SF channel modulation. Our findings reveal, for the first time, an adjustable mental ruler that commonly governs the perception of spatial property information in different contexts, and suggest a cognitive scaling system based on SF channel reweighting and displacement of neuronal RFs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.15.615126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial frequency channels mediate a visual metric for human spatial perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618764v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of SLC35A1 as an essential host factor for the transduction of multi-serotype recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618764v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We conducted a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in suspension 293-F cells transduced with rAAV5. The highly selected genes revealed after two rounds of screens included the previously reported KIAA039L, TM9SF2, and RNF121, along with a cluster of genes involved in glycan biogenesis, Golgi apparatus localization and endoplasmic reticulum penetration. In this report, we focused on solute carrier family 35 member A1 (SLC35A1), a Golgi apparatus-localized cytidine 5-monophosphate-sialic acid (CMP-SIA) transporter. We confirmed that SLC35A1 knockout (KO) significantly decreased rAAV5 transduction to a level lower than that observed in KIAA0319L or TM9SF2 KO cells. Although SLC35A1 KO drastically reduced the expression of 2,6-linked SIA on the cell surface, the expression of 2,3-linked SIA, as well as the cell binding and internalization of rAAV5, were only moderately affected. Moreover, SLC35A1 KO significantly diminished the transduction of AAV multi-serotypes, including rAAV2 and rAAV3 which do not utilize SIAs for primary attachment. Notably, the SLC35A1 KO markedly increased transduction of rAAV9 and rAAV11, which primarily attach to cells via binding to galactose. Further analyses revealed that SLC35A1 KO significantly decreased vector nuclear import. More importantly, although the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail deletion ({Delta}C Tail) mutant of SLC35A1 did not drastically decrease SIA expression, it significantly decreased rAAV transduction, as well as vector nuclear import, suggesting the C-tail is critical in these processes. Furthermore, the T128A mutant significantly decreased SIA expression, but still supported rAAV transduction and nuclear import. These findings highlight the involvement of the CMP-SIA transporter in the intracellular trafficking of rAAV vectors post-internalization.

IMPORTANCErAAV is an essential tool for gene delivery in the treatment of genetic disorders, yet the mechanisms of rAAV transduction remain partially understood. GPR108 is vital for the transduction of most rAAV vectors, but not for rAAV5. We aimed to identify host factors that impact AAV5 transduction akin to GPR108. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in 293-F cells, we identified SLC35A1, a Golgi apparatus-localized CMP-sialic acid transporter that transports CMP-sialic acid from cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus for sialylation, is essential to rAAV transduction. Further studies across various AAV serotypes showed SLC35A1 significantly affects vector nuclear import post-internalization. These results underscore the crucial role of SLC35A1 in intracellular trafficking beyond the initial cell attachment of rAAV.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richart, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang-Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McFarlane, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618764</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of SLC35A1 as an essential host factor for the transduction of multi-serotype recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618686v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Du-IN-v2: Unleashing the Power of Vector Quantization for Decoding Cognitive States from Intracranial Neural Signals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618686v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While invasive brain-computer interfaces have shown promise for high-performance speech decoding under medical use, the potential of intracranial stereoElectroEn-cephaloGraphy (sEEG), which causes less damage to patients, remains underex-plored. With the rapid progress in representation learning, leveraging abundant pure recordings to further enhance speech decoding becomes increasingly attractive. However, some popular methods pre-train temporal models based on brain-level tokens, overlooking the brains desynchronization nature; others pre-train spatial-temporal models based on channel-level tokens, yet fail to evaluate them on more challenging tasks, e.g., speech decoding, which demands intricate processing in specific brain regions. To tackle these issues, we introduce a general pre-training framework for speech decoding - Du-IN-v2, which can extract contextual embeddings based on region-level tokens through discrete codex-guided mask modeling. To further push its limits, we propose Decoupling Product Quantization (DPQ), where different codexes are designed to extract different parts of brain dynamics. Our model achieves SOTA performance on both the 61-word classification task and the 49-syllable sequence classification task, surpassing all baselines. Model comparison and ablation studies reveal that our design choices, including (i) temporal modeling based on region-level tokens by utilizing 1D depthwise convolution to fuse channels in vSMC and STG regions and (ii) self-supervision by discrete decoupling codex-guided mask modeling, significantly contribute to these performances. Collectively, our approach, inspired by neuroscience findings, capitalizing on region-level representations from specific brain regions, is suitable for invasive brain modeling. It marks a promising neuro-inspired AI approach in BCI.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, P.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618686</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Du-IN-v2: Unleashing the Power of Vector Quantization for Decoding Cognitive States from Intracranial Neural Signals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Circadian Isoform Landscape of Mouse Livers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.16.618716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mammalian circadian clock is an autoregulatory feedback process that is responsible for homeostasis in mouse livers. These circadian processes are well understood at the gene-level, however, not well understood at the isoform-level.

To investigate circadian oscillations at the isoform-level, we used the nanopore-based R2C2 method to create over 78 million highly-accurate, full-length cDNA reads for 12 RNA samples extracted from mouse livers collected at 2 hour intervals. To generate a circadian mouse liver isoform-level transcriptome, we processed these reads using the Mandalorion tool which identified and quantified 58,612 isoforms, 1806 of which showed circadian oscillations. We performed detailed analysis on the circadian oscillation of these isoforms, their coding sequences, and transcription start sites and compiled easy-to-access resources for other researchers.

This study and its results add a new layer of detail to the quantitative analysis of transcriptomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zee, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, D. Z. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DiTacchio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.16.618716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Circadian Isoform Landscape of Mouse Livers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618875v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanical control of germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618875v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A central question in developmental biology is how the germline is established. We have studied the specification of the male germ cells (GCs) within the anther1-3. Hereby, we have focused on the potential role of mechanics, an aspect of anther development which has been very poorly characterized2,4. Using a combination of live imaging and mechanical measurements, we provide evidence that GCs originate in a special micro-mechanical niche, where inner tissues exert  push on outer cell layers, placing them under compression. Mechanical perturbations significantly disrupted the GC specification and patterning. Moreover, we found that the master genetic regulator SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ)5,6 is central in establishing this micro-mechanical environment by softening the cell wall. The mechanical cues, in turn, stabilize the transcription of SPL/NZZ. We propose here an intrinsic growth-derived mechano-chemical feedback loop that drives germ-cell fate acquisition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618875</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanical control of germ cell specification in Arabidopsis anthers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619025v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Elevated Ubiquitin Phosphorylation by PINK1 Contributes to Proteasomal Impairment and Promotes Neurodegeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619025v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin (Ub), a central regulator of protein turnover, can be phosphorylated by PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) to generate S65-phosphorylated ubiquitin (pUb). Elevated pUb levels have been observed in aged human brains and in Parkinsons disease, but the mechanistic link between pUb elevation and neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that pUb elevation is a common feature under neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimers disease, aging, and ischemic injury. We show that impaired proteasomal activity leads to the accumulation of sPINK1, the cytosolic form of PINK1 that is normally proteasome-degraded rapidly. This accumulation increases ubiquitin phosphorylation, which then inhibits ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal activity by interfering with both ubiquitin chain elongation and proteasome-substrate interactions. Specific expression of sPINK1 in mouse hippocampal neurons induced progressive pUb accumulation, accompanied by protein aggregation, proteostasis disruption, neuronal injury, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. Conversely, pink1 knockout mitigated protein aggregation in both mouse brains and HEK293 cells. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of sPINK1 could be counteracted by co-expressing Ub/S65A phospho-null mutant but exacerbated by over-expressing Ub/S65E phospho-mimic mutant. Together, these findings reveal that pUb elevation, triggered by reduced proteasomal activity, inhibits proteasomal activity and forms a feedforward loop that drives progressive neurodegeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, Z.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.619025</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Elevated Ubiquitin Phosphorylation by PINK1 Contributes to Proteasomal Impairment and Promotes Neurodegeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Decipher Fundamental Atomic Interactions to Unify Generative Molecular Docking and Design 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.17.618827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding molecular interactions is essential to structural biology and drug discovery. Despite the progress of AI models in revealing and exploiting the interaction mechanisms for various applications, they are predominantly tailored to specific tasks without fully exploiting the underlying transferability across molecular data and tasks. Here, we present PocketXMol, an atom-level generative foundation model to decipher fundamental atomic interactions for general protein-pocket-interacting molecular tasks. It adopts a novel unified generative framework with an innovative task prompt mechanism and an exclusive atom-level representation, making it applicable to diverse tasks covering structure prediction and design of small molecules and peptides, without requiring fine-tuning. PocketXMol was compared to 55 baseline models across 13 typical tasks, achieving state-of-the-art performance in 11 tasks and remaining competitive in the others. We successfully utilized PocketXMol to design novel small molecules that inhibit caspase-9 with efficacy comparable to that of commercial pan-caspase inhibitors. Furthermore, we employed PocketXMol to design PD-L1-binding peptides, demonstrating a success rate substantially higher than random library screening. Three representative peptides underwent further experiments, which validated the cellular specificity and confirmed their potential for molecular probing and therapeutics. PocketXMol presents a powerful and versatile tool with promising prospects for future applications and will have a profound impact on AI-aided drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.17.618827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Decipher Fundamental Atomic Interactions to Unify Generative Molecular Docking and Design]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
p-ClustVal: A Novel p-adic Approach for Enhanced Clustering of High-Dimensional scRNASeq Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.18.619153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This paper introduces p-ClustVal, a novel data transformation technique inspired by p-adic number theory that significantly enhances cluster discernibility in genomics data, specifically Single Cell RNA Sequencing (scRNASeq). By leveraging p-adic-valuation, p-ClustVal integrates with and augments widely used clustering algorithms and dimension reduction techniques, amplifying their effectiveness in discovering meaningful structure from data. The transformation uses a data-centric heuristic to determine optimal parameters, without relying on ground truth labels, making it more user-friendly. p-ClustVal reduces overlap between clusters by employing alternate metric spaces inspired by p-adic-valuation, a significant shift from conventional methods. Our comprehensive evaluation spanning 30 experiments and over 1400 observations, shows that p-ClustVal improves performance in 91% of cases, and boosts the performance of classical and state of the art (SOTA) methods. This work contributes to data analytics and genomics by introducing a unique data transformation approach, enhancing downstream clustering algorithms, and providing empirical evidence of p-ClustVals efficacy. The study concludes with insights into the limitations of p-ClustVal and future research directions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sharma, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurban, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalkilic, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.18.619153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[p-ClustVal: A Novel p-adic Approach for Enhanced Clustering of High-Dimensional scRNASeq Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619252v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectomic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619252v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the mammalian master clock, is a special structure dedicated to the time computation. However, a connectomic understanding of the nucleus as a whole is lacking. Using serial section electron microscopy, we reconstructed multiscale and multimodal SCN communication networks. Intra-SCN synaptic network consists of 9,566 morphologically similar neurons and 4.3 million synapses, organized into multiscale circuitries that interact with SCN-traversing axon fascicles. Strikingly, SCN neurons engage in unique soma-soma ephaptic interaction, forming 2,038 electrotonic integrative units with the largest overlapping the light-responsive area (LRA). SCNs paracrine modality contains 47,396 m3 dense core vesicles, with notable scarcity in the LRA, suggesting cross-modal coordination and functional integration. These distinct network features provide comprehensive insights into the system architecture of the mammalian circadian clock.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.20.619252</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectomic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Connectome-based Predictive Models of General and Specific Cognitive Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Executive functions, the set of cognitive control processes that facilitate adaptive thoughts and actions, are composed primarily of three distinct yet interrelated cognitive components: Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating. While prior research has examined the nature of different components as well as their inter-relationships, fewer studies examined whole-brain connectivity to predict individual differences for the three cognitive components and associated tasks. Here, using the Connectome-based Predictive Modelling (CPM) approach and open-access data from the Human Connectome Project, we built brain network models to successfully predict individual performance differences on the Flanker task, the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, and the 2-back task, each putatively corresponding to Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating. We focused on grayordinate fMRI data collected during the 2-back tasks after confirming superior predictive performance over resting-state and volumetric data. High cross-task prediction accuracy as well as joint recruitment of canonical networks, such as the frontoparietal and default-mode networks, suggest the existence of a common executive function factor. To investigate the relationships among the three executive function components, we developed new measures to disentangle their shared and unique aspects. Our analysis confirmed that a shared executive function component can be predicted from functional connectivity patterns densely located around the frontoparietal, default-mode and dorsal attention networks. The Updating-specific component showed significant cross-prediction with the general executive function factor, suggesting a relatively stronger role than the other components. In contrast, the Shifting-specific and Inhibition-specific components exhibited lower cross-prediction performance, indicating more distinct and specialized roles. Given the limitation that individual behavioral measures do not purely reflect the intended cognitive constructs, our study demonstrates a novel approach to infer common and specific components of executive function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Connectome-based Predictive Models of General and Specific Cognitive Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619282v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The protease interpain A of Prevotella intermedia promotes human OSCC cells proliferation and migration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.20.619282v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prevotella intermedia has been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. In this study, we identified interpain A (InpA), a cysteine protease secreted by P. intermedia, as a key virulence factor that promotes oral epithelial cell proliferation and OSCC cell migration. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from P. intermedia strain ATCC 25611 enhanced proliferation in both normal oral keratinocytes (SG cells) and OSCC cell lines (SCC-15, SAS). The pro-proliferative effect was abolished upon heat inactivation of the CM and inhibited by E64, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and FSLLRY-NH2, a PAR-2 antagonist, suggesting the involvement of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) signaling. InpA was highly secreted by strain ATCC 25611 but not by clinical isolates lacking proliferative effects, and RT-qPCR confirmed higher inpA expression in OSCC-derived strains compared to non-cancer controls. Recombinant InpA (rInpA) mimicked the effect of CM, inducing proliferation and migration, which were blocked by PAR-2 inhibition. Transcriptomic and protein-level screening in SG cells revealed activation of EGFR and downstream RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling. Furthermore, in a colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model, oral administration of P. intermedia led to increased tumor formation, suggesting a broader oncogenic potential. These findings highlight InpA as a PAR-2-activating protease that may contribute to OSCC and potentially other cancers associated with oral microbiota dysbiosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, I.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciou, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, N.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuu, C.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, J.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.20.619282</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The protease interpain A of Prevotella intermedia promotes human OSCC cells proliferation and migration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 KP.3.1.1 and XEC through NTD glycosylation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.23.619754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
KP.3.1.1 has surpassed KP.3 to become the new globally dominant strain, while XEC, a recombinant variant of KS.1.1/KP.3.3, is rapidly expanding across Europe and North America. Notably, both variants carry mutations, S31del of KP.3.1.1 and T22N of XEC, that could introduce new N-linked glycans on the Spike N-terminal domain (NTD), emphasizing the urgent need to assess their potential changes in viral characteristics. Here, we found that both KP.3.1.1 and XEC maintained the high ACE2-Spike binding affinity and pseudovirus infectivity of KP.3. Importantly, compared to KP.3, KP.3.1.1, and especially XEC, could further evade the neutralizing antibodies in convalescent plasma, even those elicited by KP.2-like breakthrough infections. Interestingly, both variants demonstrated increased resistance against monoclonal neutralizing antibodies targeting various epitopes on the receptor-binding domain (RBD). These suggest that the additional NTD glycosylation of KP.3.1.1 and XEC could enhance immune evasion via allosteric effects, and supports the future prevalence of XEC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.23.619754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 KP.3.1.1 and XEC through NTD glycosylation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aerobic capacity and exercise mediate protection against hepatic steatosis via enhanced bile acid metabolism. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.21.619494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise show evidence of altering bile acid (BA) metabolism and are known to protect or treat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, respectively. Here, we tested the hypothesis that high intrinsic aerobic capacity and exercise both increase hepatic BA synthesis measured by the incorporation of 2H2O. We also leveraged mice with inducible liver-specific deletion of Cyp7a1 (LCyp7a1KO), which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for BA synthesis, to test if exercise-induced BA synthesis is critical for exercise to reduce hepatic steatosis. The synthesis of hepatic BA, cholesterol, and de novo lipogenesis was measured in rats bred for either high (HCR) vs. low (LCR) aerobic capacity consuming acute and chronic high-fat diets. HCR rats had increased synthesis of cholesterol and certain BA species in the liver compared to LCR rats. We also found that chronic exercise with voluntary wheel running (VWR) (4 weeks) increased newly synthesized BAs of specific species in male C57BL/6J mice compared to sedentary mice. Loss of Cyp7a1 resulted in fewer new BAs and increased liver triglycerides compared to controls after a 10-week high-fat diet. Additionally, exercise via VWR for 4 weeks effectively reduced hepatic triglycerides in the high-fat diet-fed control male and female mice as expected; however, exercise in LCyp7a1KO mice did not lower liver triglycerides in either sex. These results show that aerobic capacity and exercise increase hepatic BA metabolism, which may be critical for combatting hepatic steatosis.

HighlightsO_LIRats with intrinsic high aerobic capacity have more significant reductions in de novo lipogenesis and increased cholesterol and bile acid synthesis on a high-fat diet compared to rats with low aerobic capacity.
C_LIO_LIChronic exercise increases hepatic bile acid synthesis in mice.
C_LIO_LILoss of Cyp7a1 blunts the capacity for exercise to increase bile acid synthesis and treat hepatic steatosis in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kugler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maurer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ernst, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwartze, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koch, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Britton, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.21.619494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aerobic capacity and exercise mediate protection against hepatic steatosis via enhanced bile acid metabolism.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody Profiles Elicited by Potent and Subpotent Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccines in Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.22.619719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inactivated, whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines remain at the frontline in the global fight against the resurgence of whooping cough, especially in low- and middle-income countries. However, the reliance on the intracerebral mouse potency test (ic-MPT or Kendrick assay) as the standard batch release assay is challenging for the production of commercial wP vaccines. The ic-MPT is technically challenging, labor intensive and, arguably, incongruous with modern animal welfare guidelines. Replacing the ic-MPT with a whole cell Bordetella pertussis ELISA, the so-called pertussis serology potency test (PSPT), has shown promise, but has been difficult to implement in practice. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that potent and subpotent wP vaccines have distinct serologic profiles in mice that could be developed as a substitute for the ic-MPT. We first established an accelerated decay (thermal stress) protocol in which wP, in the context of DTwP, was rendered >10-fold less effective than unstressed vaccine when evaluated in a mouse model of B. pertussis lung clearance following intranasal challenge. We then screened immune sera on a limited B. pertussis Tahoma I proteome array and identified >30 antigens whose antibody reactivity profiles increased, decreased or were unchanged as a function of wP potency. Interestingly, virtually all the "indicator" antigens identified are known virulence factors or reactive with human convalescent sera, thereby establishing a potential link between wP potency and pertussis infection and immunity. These results bode well for the development of a limited B. pertussis antigen array as a stability-indicating surrogate potency assay for the ic-MPT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Adewunmi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doering, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pablo, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teng, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huynh, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Secrist, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volkin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Campo, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MANTIS, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.22.619719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody Profiles Elicited by Potent and Subpotent Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccines in Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.26.620443v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring the Biochemical Landscape of Bacterial Medium with Pyruvate as the Exclusive Carbon Source for NMR Studies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.26.620443v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The use of Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production is a cornerstone in structural biology, particularly for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies. Understanding the metabolic behavior of E. coli under different carbon sources is critical for optimizing isotope labeling strategies, which are essential for protein structure determination by NMR. Recent advancements, such as mixed pyruvate labeling, have enabled improved backbone resonance assignment in large proteins, making selective isotopic labeling strategies more important than ever for NMR studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic adaptations of E. coli when grown on pyruvate as the sole carbon source, a common condition used to achieve selective labeling for NMR spectroscopy. Using NMR-based metabolomics, we tracked key metabolic shifts throughout the culture process to better understand how pyruvate metabolism affects protein production and isotopic labeling. Our results reveal that pyruvate is rapidly depleted before IPTG induction, while acetate and lactate accumulate due to overflow metabolism. These byproducts persist after induction, indicating that pyruvate is diverted into waste pathways, which limits its efficient use in isotope incorporation. This metabolic inefficiency presents a challenge for isotopic labeling protocols that rely on pyruvate as a carbon source for NMR studies. Our results highlight the need to fine-tune pyruvate supplementation to improve metabolic efficiency and isotopic labeling, making this study directly relevant to optimizing protocols for NMR studies involving protein structure determination. These insights provide valuable guidance for enhancing the quality and yield of isotopically labeled proteins in NMR spectroscopy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dag, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kahraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.26.620443</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring the Biochemical Landscape of Bacterial Medium with Pyruvate as the Exclusive Carbon Source for NMR Studies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.26.620447v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially global effects of feature-based attention in functional subdivisions of human subcortical nuclei 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.26.620447v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Attention can prioritize the processing of non-spatial features throughout the visual field. While human subcortical nuclei are known to play important roles in spatial attention, the subcortical mechanisms of feature-based attention remain elusive. Using high-resolution 7T fMRI, we investigated the spatially global effects of color-based attention in functional subdivisions of human subcortical nuclei. Paying attention to a color matching the unattended stimulus across the visual field selectively modulated BOLD signals in the parvocellular (P) layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, enhancing the response to the unattended stimulus while reducing the response to the attended stimulus. The spatially global effects of color-based attention were also found in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC), early visual cortices, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) of the parietal lobe. Effective connectivity analyses further revealed enhanced feedforward and feedback connectivity between LGN and V1, along with top-down modulation from IPS through the SC and ventral pulvinar. Finally, attended color can be decoded from multi-voxel response patterns in frontoparietal regions. These findings demonstrate that color-based attention selectively modulates color processing in P subdivisions of the LGN of the thalamus throughout the visual field, controlled by top-down signals from the parietal cortex through the SC and pulvinar.

HighlightsO_LIColor-based attention selectively modulates parvocellular activity in the LGN throughout the visual field.
C_LIO_LISpatially global effect of feature-based attention significantly modulates activity in the deeper layers of the SC.
C_LIO_LIFeature-based attention enhances both feedforward and feedback connectivity between the LGN and V1.
C_LIO_LITop-down signals from IPS through the SC and pulvinar controls feature-based attention.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.26.620447</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially global effects of feature-based attention in functional subdivisions of human subcortical nuclei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620086v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reduced Liver Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Impairs Food Intake Regulation Following Gastric Preloads and Fasting 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.24.620086v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe capacity of the liver to serve as a peripheral sensor in the regulation of food intake has been debated for over half a century. The anatomical position and physiological roles of the liver suggest it is a prime candidate to serve as an interoceptive sensor of peripheral tissue and systemic energy state. Importantly, maintenance of liver ATP levels and within-meal food intake inhibition is impaired in human subjects with obesity and obese pre-clinical models. Previously, we have shown decreased hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism (i.e., oxidative metabolism & ADP-dependent respiration) in male liver-specific, heterozygous PGC1a mice results in increased short-term diet-induced weight gain with increased within meal food intake. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that decreased liver mitochondrial energy metabolism impairs meal termination following nutrient oral pre-loads.

MethodsLiver mitochondrial respiratory response to changes in {Delta}GATP and adenine nucleotide concentration following fasting were examined in male liver-specific, heterozygous PGC1a mice. Further, food intake and feeding behavior during basal conditions, following nutrient oral pre-loads, and following fasting were investigated.

ResultsWe observed male liver-specific, heterozygous PGC1a mice have reduced mitochondrial response to changes in {Delta}GATP and tissue ATP following fasting. These impairments in liver energy state are associated with larger and longer meals during chow feeding, impaired dose-dependent food intake inhibition in response to mixed and individual nutrient oral pre-loads, and greater acute fasting-induced food intake.

ConclusionThese data support previous work proposing liver-mediated food intake regulation through modulation of peripheral satiation signals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponte, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prom, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newcomb, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jordan, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comfort, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geisler, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayes, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.24.620086</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reduced Liver Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Impairs Food Intake Regulation Following Gastric Preloads and Fasting]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620664v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of a series of pyrrolo-pyrimidine based SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors that repress coronavirus replication 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620664v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses (CoVs) can emerge from zoonotic sources and cause severe diseases in humans and animals. All CoVs encode for a macrodomain (Mac1) that binds to and removes ADP-ribose from target proteins. SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 promotes virus replication in the presence of interferon (IFN) and blocks the production of IFN, though the mechanisms by which it mediates these functions remain unknown. Mac1 inhibitors could help elucidate these mechanisms and serve as therapeutic agents against CoV-induced diseases. We previously identified compound 4a (a.k.a. MCD-628), a pyrrolo-pyrimidine that inhibited Mac1 activity in vitro at low micromolar levels. Here, we determined the binding mode of 4a by crystallography, further defining its interaction with Mac1. However, 4a did not reduce CoV replication, which we hypothesized was due to its acidic side chain limiting permeability. To test this hypothesis, we developed several hydrophobic derivatives of 4a. We identified four compounds that both inhibited Mac1 in vitro and inhibited murine hepatitis virus (MHV) replication: 5a, 5c, 6d, and 6e. Furthermore, 5c and 6e inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication only in the presence of IFN{gamma}, similar to a Mac1 deletion virus. To confirm their specificity, we passaged MHV in the presence of 5a to identify drug-resistant mutations and identified an alanine-to-threonine and glycine-to-valine double mutation in Mac1. Recombinant virus with these mutations had enhanced replication compared to WT virus when treated with 5a, demonstrating the specificity of these compounds during infection. However, this virus is highly attenuated in vivo, indicating that drug-resistance emerged at the expense of viral fitness.

IMPORTANCECoronaviruses (CoVs) present significant threats to human and animal health, as evidenced by recent outbreaks of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. All CoVs encode for a highly conserved macrodomain protein (Mac1) that binds to and removes ADP-ribose from proteins, which promotes virus replication and blocks IFN production, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Inhibiting Mac1 could provide valuable insights into these mechanisms and offer new therapeutic avenues for CoV-induced diseases. We have identified several unique pyrrolo-pyrimidine-based compounds as Mac1 inhibitors. Notably, at least two of these compounds inhibited both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, we identified a drug-resistant mutation in Mac1, confirming target specificity during infection. However, this mutant is highly attenuated in mice, indicating that drug-resistance appears to come at a fitness cost. These results emphasize the potential of Mac1 as a drug target and the promise of structure-based inhibitor design in combating coronavirus infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duong, M. T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cluff, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherrill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colquhoun, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cadoux, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorne, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paakkonen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schemmel, N. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Connor, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenjamsai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hageman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lehtio, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferraris, D. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620664</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of a series of pyrrolo-pyrimidine based SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors that repress coronavirus replication]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621324v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TFAP2C is a key regulator of intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and deep hemochorial placentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621324v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) has been identified as a key regulator of the trophoblast cell lineage and hemochorial placentation. The rat possesses deep placentation characterized by extensive intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion, which resembles human placentation. Tfap2c is expressed in multiple trophoblast cell lineages, including invasive trophoblast cells situated within the uterine-placental interface of the rat placentation site. Global genome-editing was used to explore the biology of Tfap2c in rat placenta development. Homozygous global disruption of Tfap2c resulted in prenatal lethality. Heterozygous global disruption of Tfap2c was associated with diminished invasive trophoblast cell infiltration into the uterus. The role of TFAP2C in the invasive trophoblast cell lineage was explored using Cre-lox conditional mutagenesis. Invasive trophoblast cell-specific disruption of Tfap2c resulted in inhibition of intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. The invasive trophoblast cell lineage was not impaired following conditional monoallelic disruption of Tfap2c. In summary, TFAP2C contributes to the progression of distinct stages of placental development. TFAP2C is a driver of early events in trophoblast cell development and reappears later in gestation as an essential regulator of the invasive trophoblast cell lineage. A subset of TFAP2C actions on trophoblast cells are dependent on gene dosage.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irusta, A. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>IQBAL, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621324</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TFAP2C is a key regulator of intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and deep hemochorial placentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dentate Gyrus Norepinephrine Ramping Facilitates Aversive Contextual Processing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.31.621389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dysregulation in aversive contextual processing is believed to affect several forms of psychopathology, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The dentate gyrus (DG) is an important brain region in contextual discrimination and disambiguation of new experiences from prior memories. The DG also receives dense projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) in the mammalian brain, which is active during stressful events. However, how noradrenergic dynamics impact DG-dependent function during contextual discrimination and pattern separation remains unclear. Here, we report that aversive contextual processing in mice is linked to linear elevations in tonic norepinephrine release dynamics within the DG and report that this engagement of prolonged norepinephrine release is sufficient to produce contextual disambiguation, even in the absence of a salient aversive stimulus. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal ramping characteristics of LC-NE release in the DG during stress likely serve an important role in driving contextual processing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saglimbeni, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.31.621389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dentate Gyrus Norepinephrine Ramping Facilitates Aversive Contextual Processing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620753v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell atlas of developing mouse palates reveals cellular and molecular transitions in periderm cell fate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.28.620753v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital craniofacial disorders that affects childrens appearance and oral functions. Investigating the transcriptomics during palatogenesis is crucial for comprehending the etiology of this disorder and facilitating prenatal molecular diagnosis. However, there is limited knowledge about the single-cell differentiation dynamics during mid- and late-palatogenesis, specifically regarding the subpopulations and developmental trajectories of periderm, a rare but critical cell population. Here we explore the single-cell landscape of mouse developing palates from E10.5 to E16.5. We systematically depict the single-cell transcriptomics of mesenchymal and epithelial cells during palatogenesis, including subpopulations and differentiation dynamics. Additionally, we identify four subclusters of palatal periderm and construct two distinct trajectories of cell fates for periderm cells. Our findings reveal that Claudins and Arhgap29 play a role in the non-stick function of the periderm before the palatal shelves contact, and Pitx2 mediates the adhesion of periderm during the contact of opposing palatal shelves. Furthermore, we demonstrate that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and migration collectively contribute to the degeneration of periderm cells in the medial epithelial seam. Taken together, our study suggests a novel model of periderm development during palatogenesis and delineates the cellular and molecular transitions in periderm cell determination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.10.28.620753</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell atlas of developing mouse palates reveals cellular and molecular transitions in periderm cell fate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621722v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuron-astrocyte Coupling in Lateral Habenula Mediates Depressive-like Behaviors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.03.621722v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The lateral habenular (LHb) neurons and astrocytes have been strongly implicated in depression etiology but it was not clear how the two dynamically interact during depression onset. Here, using multi-brain-region calcium photometry recording in freely-moving mice, we discover that stress induces a unique, bimodal neuronal response and a most rapid astrocytic response in the LHb. LHb astrocytic calcium requires the 1A-adrenergic receptor, and depends on a recurrent neural network between the LHb and locus coeruleus (LC). Through the gliotransmitter glutamate and ATP/Adenosine, LHb astrocytes mediate the second-wave activation of local LHb neurons as well as release of norepinephrine (NE). Activation or inhibition LHb astrocytic calcium signaling facilitates or prevents stress-induced depressive-like behaviors respectively. These results identify a stress-induced positive feedback loop in the LHb-LC axis, with astrocytes being a critical signaling relay. The identification of this prominent neuron-glia interaction may shed light on stress management and depression prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.03.621722</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuron-astrocyte Coupling in Lateral Habenula Mediates Depressive-like Behaviors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621902v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural basis of gap-filling DNA synthesis in the nucleosome by DNA Polymerase β 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621902v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are one of the most prevalent forms of DNA damage found in the chromatinized genome and are repaired by direct single-strand break repair (SSBR) or base excision repair (BER). DNA polymerase beta (Pol {beta}) is the primary enzyme responsible for processing the 1-nt gap intermediate in chromatin during SSBR and BER. However, the mechanism used by Pol {beta} to process a 1-nt gap in the context of the nucleosome and chromatin remains poorly understood. Here, we use biochemical assays and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the kinetic and structural basis of gap-filling DNA synthesis in the nucleosome by Pol {beta}. Kinetic analysis identified that gap-filling DNA synthesis in the nucleosome by Pol {beta} is position-dependent, where solvent exposed 1-nt gaps are processed more efficiently than histone-occluded 1-nt gaps. A series of cryo-EM structures of Pol {beta} bound to a solvent-exposed 1-nt gap in the nucleosome reveal a global DNA sculpting mechanism for 1-nt gap recognition, which is mediated by sequential engagement of the Pol {beta} lyase domain and polymerase domain. Finally, cryo-EM structures of Pol {beta} bound to 1-nt gaps at two additional positions in the nucleosomal DNA define the structural basis for position-dependent nucleotide insertion in the nucleosome. This work establishes the mechanism used by Pol {beta} for processing 1-nt gaps in the nucleosome during SSBR and BER, providing fundamental insight into DNA repair in chromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hussen, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spencer, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schnicker, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621902</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural basis of gap-filling DNA synthesis in the nucleosome by DNA Polymerase β]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621988v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of Blm10:13S proteasome intermediate reveals parallel assembly pathways for the proteasome core particle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621988v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteasomes are formed by chaperone-assisted assembly of core particles (CPs) and regulatory particles (RPs). The CP chaperone dimer Pba1/Pba2 binds early to proteasome subunits, and is thought to be replaced by Blm10 to form Blm10:CP, which promotes ATP-independent degradation of disordered proteins. Here, we present evidence of distinct parallel assembly pathways for CP by solving five cryo-EM structures including a Blm10:13S pre-assembly intermediate. Our data conflict with the current model of Blm10 and Pba1/Pba2 sequential activity in a single assembly pathway, as we find their CP binding is mutually exclusive and both are present on early and late assembly intermediates. CP affinity for Pba1/Pba2 is reduced during maturation, promoting Pba1/Pba2 release. We find Blm10 undergoes no such affinity switch, suggesting this pathway predominantly yields mature Blm10-bound CP. Altogether, our findings conflict with the current paradigm of sequential CP binding to instead indicate parallel assembly pathways by Pba1/Pba2 and Blm10.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kaur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621988</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of Blm10:13S proteasome intermediate reveals parallel assembly pathways for the proteasome core particle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Species-specific circular RNA circDS-1 enhances adaptive evolution in Talaromyces marneffei through regulation of dimorphic transition and virulence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.05.622019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thermal adaptability is a crucial characteristic for mammalian pathogenic fungi that originally inhabit natural ecosystems. Thermally dimorphic fungi have evolved a unique ability to respond to host body temperature by shifting from mycelium to yeast. The high similarity of protein-coding genes between these fungi and their relatives suggests the indispensable but often overlooked roles of non-coding elements in fungal thermal adaptation. Here, we systematically delineated the landscape of full-length circRNAs in both mycelial and yeast conditions of Talaromyces marneffei, a typical thermally dimorphic fungus causing fatal Talaromycosis, by optimizing an integrative pipeline for circRNA detection utilizing next- and third-generation sequencing. We found T. marneffei circRNA demonstrated features such as shorter length, lower abundance, and circularization-biased splicing. We then identified and validated that circDS-1, independent of its parental gene, promotes the hyphae-to-yeast transition, maintains yeast morphology, and is involved in virulence regulation. Further analysis and experiments among Talaromyces confirmed that the generation of circDS-1 is driven by a T. marneffei-specific region in the flanking intron of circDS-1. Together, our findings not only provide fresh insights into the role of circRNA in fungal thermal adaptation but also reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the adaptive evolution of functional circRNAs derived from intronic mutations.

Author SummaryIt is an essential characteristic for human pathogens to survive under human body temperature, which is obviously higher than environmental temperature. The morphology transformation between mycelia and yeasts of thermally dimorphic fungi are tightly associated with temperature. The limited divergences of protein-coding genes among their closest relatives are not able to explain these fungi thermal dimorphism. CircRNAs are non-coding RNAs that distribute ubiquitously across eukaryotes. However, lower eukaryotes have been relatively neglected in circRNA research, either from the biological function level or from the evolutionary level. Our study focused on the typical thermally dimorphic fungus, Talaromyces marneffei. We combined next-generation and third-generation sequencing technologies to map the full-length circRNA profile in both the saprophytic mycelial and pathogenic yeast forms of T. marneffei to identify functional circRNAs. Gene manipulation experiments were performed to evaluate the functional impact of the target circRNA circDS-1. We uncovered unique characteristics of T. marneffei circRNAs, such as shorter lengths, reduced abundance, and a preference for circularization-biased splicing events. CircDS-1, which functions independently from its host gene to promote the transition from hyphae to yeast form, maintain yeast morphology, and modulate virulence. Our study not only offers fresh perspectives on the role of circRNAs in fungal thermal adaptation, but also enhances our understanding of the adaptive evolution of pathogenic fungi as they transform from environmental to host environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.05.622019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Species-specific circular RNA circDS-1 enhances adaptive evolution in Talaromyces marneffei through regulation of dimorphic transition and virulence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Salt-dependent non-catalytic allostery of human USP14-regulated 26S proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
USP14, a deubiquitylating enzyme, regulates 26S proteasome function both catalytically and non-catalytically through multiple checkpoints. How USP14 non-catalytically regulates the proteasome activity remains elusive. Here, we combined genetic engineering and cryo-EM to disentangle how USP14 non-catalytically regulates proteasome activity in a salt-dependent manner. By solving 16 high-resolution cryo-EM structures of substrate-engaged human 26S proteasome complexed with a catalytically deficient mutant USP14, we demonstrate that USP14s non-catalytic activity alone can induce parallel pathways of proteasome state transitions, leading to opposing substrate fates. The USP14 mutant allosterically reprograms the AAA-ATPase motor, inducing novel substrate-engaged conformations and filling major gaps in understanding asymmetric ATP-hydrolysis cycling around the ATPase ring. Time-resolved cryo-EM and functional analysis reveal that sodium or potassium promotes substrate-engaged pathways and suppresses USP14 activity for enhanced degradation, uncovering another layer of complexity in proteasome regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Salt-dependent non-catalytic allostery of human USP14-regulated 26S proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621844v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unified central thalamus mechanism underlying diverse recoveries in disorders of consciousness 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621844v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Disorders of consciousness (DoC) encompass a range of states characterized by prolonged altered awareness due to heterogeneous brain damage and are associated with highly diverse prognoses. However, the neural mechanisms underlying such diverse recoveries in DoC remain unclear. To address this issue, we analysed neuronal spiking activities recorded from the central thalamus (CT), a key hub in arousal regulation, in a cohort of 23 DoC patients receiving deep brain stimulation treatment. Using machine learning techniques, we identified a core set of electrophysiological features of the CT, particularly the theta rhythm, that could account for individual recovery outcomes across highly varied etiologies (trauma, brainstem hemorrhage, and anoxia), clinical baselines and patient ages. These features also correctly identified one subgroup of patients who exhibited poor initial clinical manifestations but recovered unexpectedly. Simulating a conductance-based model further revealed the neurodynamics of the theta rhythm in the CT during different stages of consciousness recovery. Taken together, these findings uncover a previously unknown, unified CT mechanism that governs the recoveries in DoC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laureys, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.04.621844</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unified central thalamus mechanism underlying diverse recoveries in disorders of consciousness]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.09.622790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Encoding opposing valences through frequency-dependent transmitter switching in single peptidergic neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.09.622790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptidergic neurons often co-express fast transmitters and neuropeptides in separate vesicles with distinct release properties. However, the release dynamics of each transmitter in various contexts have not been fully understood in behaving animals. Here, we demonstrate that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) neurons in the external lateral subdivision of the parabrachial nucleus (CGRPPBel) encode opposing valence via differential release, rather than corelease, of glutamate and neuropeptides, according to firing rate. Glutamate is released preferentially at lower firing rates with minimal release at higher firing rates, whereas neuropeptides are released at higher firing rates, resulting in frequency-dependent switching of transmitters. Aversive stimuli evoke high frequency responses with accompanying neuropeptide release to encode negative valence, whereas appetitive stimuli evoke low frequency responses with glutamate release to encode positive valence. Our study reveals a previously unknown capability of single CGRPPBel neurons to bidirectionally encode valence via frequency-dependent differential release of transmitters in vivo.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyeon, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, G.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.09.622790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Encoding opposing valences through frequency-dependent transmitter switching in single peptidergic neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622827v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Living xylem cells encode a large number of conserved gene families responsible for vascular sap peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622827v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant long-distance signaling peptides travel through the vascular system to coordinate development and respond to environmental cues, yet their precursor genes and expression origins remain elusive. We characterized 4,804 sap peptide precursor genes in Populus trichocarpa using an integrated approach that combined liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) peptidomics, transcriptomics, and comparative genomics. This study expands the known precursor families from approximately 50 to thousands, the majority of which are conserved across angiosperms. Transcriptome analysis across xylem developmental stages revealed that living xylem cells, typically viewed as precursors to non-living structures, predominantly express these specifically at transitions between primary and secondary growth stages, indicating an active role in plant-wide signaling coordination. The precursor genes show conservation at the transcriptome level and are under strong purifying selection. Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the gene families encoding sap peptides, redefining xylem as an active participant in plant communication and adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tung, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liou, P.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.-Y. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, I. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.10.622827</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Living xylem cells encode a large number of conserved gene families responsible for vascular sap peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-dependent effects of CYP2E1 on the kidney and the protective potential of 4MP against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.10.622845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of bladder cancer, though cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) occurs in approximately 20-30% of patients, limiting its clinical use. Evidence has shown that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a drug metabolism enzyme expressed in proximal tubules, mediates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cisplatin-induced injury. Previously, we showed that the repurposed drug 4-methylpyrazole (4MP; fomepizole) blocks CYP2E1 activity and prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Here, we investigated the potential protective effects of 4MP against CIN. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were treated with a single 20 mg/kg dose of cisplatin for 3 days (acute) or 9 mg/kg/week for 4 weeks (repeated dosing regimen) with or without 50 mg/kg 4MP as a co-treatment. Our findings revealed that acute treatment with cisplatin induced severe histological tubular damage and elevated plasma BUN and creatinine levels in male mice, but not in female mice. This difference correlated with higher basal CYP2E1 expression in the kidneys of male mice compared to female mice. We also found that cisplatin increased renal CYP2E1 activity and that inhibition of CYP2E1 with 4MP significantly reduced cisplatin induced cell death in male mice and primary normal human kidney cells. By contrast, human bladder cancer cells do not express CYP2E1, and treatment with 4MP did not interfere with cisplatins anti-cancer effects in human bladder cancer HTB9 cells. This study highlights the critical role of CYP2E1 in CIN and suggests that its inhibition with 4MP in the kidney is a potential prophylactic therapeutic option to prevent CIN in bladder cancer patients without affecting its anti-neoplastic effect.

Impact StatementThis study demonstrates that cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is a critical mechanistic target in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN). It also indicates that CYP2E1 plays an important role in mediating sex-specific differences in CIN. Finally, this study reveals that targeting CYP2E1 with 4methylpyrazole offers a promising prophylactic approach to reducing CIN in clinical settings while preserving the anti-cancer efficacy of cisplatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Akakpo, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbott, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woolbright, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rick, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.10.622845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-dependent effects of CYP2E1 on the kidney and the protective potential of 4MP against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Patterns of crossover distribution in Drosophila mauritiana necessitate a re-thinking of the centromere effect on crossing over 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.11.623017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We present a SNP-based crossover map for Drosophila mauritiana. Using females derived by crossing two different strains of D. mauritiana, we analyzed crossing over on all five major chromosome arms. Analysis of 105 male progeny allowed us to identify 327 crossover chromatids bearing single, double, or triple crossover events, representing 398 separate crossover events. We mapped these crossover sites along these five chromosome arms using a genome sequence map that includes the euchromatin-heterochromatin boundary. Confirming previous studies, we show that the overall crossover frequency in D. mauritiana is higher than is seen in D. melanogaster. Much of the increase in exchange frequency in D. mauritiana is due to a greatly diminished centromere effect. Using larval neuroblast metaphases from D. mauritiana -D. melanogaster hybrids we show that the lengths of the pericentromeric heterochromatin do not differ substantially between the two species, and thus cannot explain the observed differences in crossover distribution. Using a new and robust maximum likelihood estimation tool for obtaining Weinstein tetrad distributions, we observed an increase in bivalents with two or more crossovers when compared to D. melanogaster. This increase in crossing over along the arms of D. mauritiana likely reflects an expansion of the crossover-available euchromatin caused by the reduction in the centromere effect. The pattern of crossing over in D. mauritiana conflicts with the commonly accepted view of centromeres as polar suppressors of exchange (whose intensity is buffered by sequence non-specific heterochromatin) and demonstrates the importance of expanding such studies into other species of Drosophila.

Article SummaryIn meiosis, homolog segregation is usually ensured by crossovers. The number and distribution of crossovers is in part regulated by cis-acting factors such as the cis- acting centromere effect, a polar suppression of exchange emanating from the vicinity of the centromere. We use SNP-based crossover mapping to show that in Drosophila mauritiana, the centromere effect is greatly reduced on four of the five major chromosome arms. We conclude that the centromere effect differs between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila melanogaster and that the ability to attenuate the centromere effect is not a general property of heterochromatin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hawley, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jagannathan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staber, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egidy, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lawlor, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blumenstiel, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.11.623017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Patterns of crossover distribution in Drosophila mauritiana necessitate a re-thinking of the centromere effect on crossing over]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622551v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition of serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 3 induces epidermal differentiation and decreases cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.07.622551v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine/Arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) is one of 12 SRSFs that regulate gene expression via alternative splicing. SRSF3 is upregulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and several squamous cancer cell lines in relation to normal keratinocytes. We suppressed SRSF3 with a specific inhibitor, SFI003, and observed an increase in epidermal differentiation. Our data suggests that in cSCC, SRSF3 overexpression suppresses cellular differentiation to enable cancer progression. In a clinical setting, patients taking known SRSF3 inhibitors digoxin and amiodarone exhibited higher cSCC-free survival compared to a propensity score-matched cohort treated with beta blockers. Thus, SRSF3 upregulation may be a novel therapeutic target in cSCC that can improve patient prognoses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Donohue, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muralidharan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pike, W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ko, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Srivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.07.622551</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition of serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 3 induces epidermal differentiation and decreases cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623404v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Upstream open reading frames buffer translational variability during Drosophila evolution and development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623404v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein abundance tends to be more evolutionarily conserved than mRNA levels both within and between species, yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are widespread cis-regulatory elements in eukaryotic genomes that regulate translation, but it remains unclear whether and how uORFs contribute to stabilizing protein levels. In this study, we performed ribosome translation simulations on mRNA to quantitatively assess the extent to which uORF translation influences the translational variability of downstream coding sequences (CDSs) across varying contexts. Our simulations revealed that uORF translation dampens CDS translational variability, with buffering capacity increasing in proportion to uORF efficiency, length, and number. We then compared the translatomes at different developmental stages of two Drosophila species, demonstrating that uORFs buffer mRNA translation fluctuations during both evolution and development. Experimentally, deleting a uORF in the bicoid (bcd) gene--a prominent example of translational buffering--resulted in extensive changes in gene expression and phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, we observed uORF-mediated buffering between primates and within human populations. Together, our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism by which uORFs stabilize gene translation during development and across evolutionary time.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623404</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Upstream open reading frames buffer translational variability during Drosophila evolution and development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Rapid, Cost-Effective Method for High-Yield DNA Purification from PCR Products and Agarose Gels. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.13.623516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nucleic acid purification is essential for molecular biology workflows, enabling successful downstream applications like cloning, sequencing, and PCR amplification. While commercial kits are widely used for DNA extraction from PCR products and agarose gels, their high costs can burden resource-limited laboratories. To provide a viable alternative, we developed an optimized, cost-effective in-house protocol for high-yield DNA purification. This study evaluates the performance of our protocol for plasmid DNA and PCR products, comparing it with commercial kits from Qiagen, Thermo Fisher, and WizBio in terms of cost, time, DNA concentration, and purity. Results from gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the in-house protocol significantly enhances PCR product clarity and reduces background smearing, yielding high-purity DNA compatible with sensitive applications. Restriction-digested plasmid samples showed successful ligation and transformation in E. coli (DH5), with Sanger sequencing chromatogram further confirming the sequence integrity of the purified DNA. Our findings highlight the in-house protocol as a cost-effective, efficient, and reliable alternative to commercial kits, delivering high-quality DNA suitable for various molecular applications. This method offers an accessible and practical solution for laboratories seeking to optimize DNA purification under budget constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fatima, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Javed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zahra, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>hussain, i.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mian, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Rapid, Cost-Effective Method for High-Yield DNA Purification from PCR Products and Agarose Gels.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CellPatch: a Highly Efficient Foundation Model for Single-Cell Transcriptomics with Heuristic Patching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.15.623701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rapid advancement of foundation models has significantly enhanced the analysis of single-cell omics data, enabling researchers to gain deeper insights into the complex interactions between cells and genes across diverse tissues. However, existing foundation models often exhibit excessive complexity, hindering their practical utility for downstream tasks. Here, we present CellPatch, a lightweight foundation model that leverages the strengths of the cross-attention mechanism and patch tokenization to reduce model complexity while extracting efficient biological representations. Comprehensive evaluations conducted on single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets across multiple organs and tissue states demonstrate that CellPatch achieves state-of-the-art performance in downstream analytical tasks while maintaining ultra-low computational costs during both pretraining and finetuning phases. Moreover, the flexibility and scalability of CellPatch allow it to serve as a general framework that can be incorporated with other well established single-cell analysis software, thereby enhancing their performance through transfer learning on diverse downstream tasks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenjie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.15.623701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CellPatch: a Highly Efficient Foundation Model for Single-Cell Transcriptomics with Heuristic Patching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624064v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dual-timescale motor circuit dynamics underlies fast head exploratory behavior and efficient locomotion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.18.624064v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor systems must balance flexibility and structure to enable efficient and adaptive movements. Traditional hierarchical descending models struggle to explain the intrinsic dynamism in natural behaviors. Here, we investigate the head exploratory behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans, a minimal system capable of intricate motor patterns. Using variational mode decomposition, we identified two distinct motor dynamics: slow rhythmic bends propagating along the body and fast, phase-specific head casts influencing directional bias. Combinatorial ablations of three types of cholinergic motor neurons, in conjunction with dynamical systems analysis, revealed their distinct and overlapping roles: RMD contributes to head casts, SMD sustains bending states, SMB and SMD enable slow rhythmic bending and head-body coupling. Collectively, these neurons form a central pattern generator (CPG) driving forward locomotion. In addition, RMD subgroups displayed unique calcium dynamics correlated with rapid head movements and slow transitions between behavior states. We propose that dual-proprioceptive feedback underlies these multi-timescale dynamics, with slow feedback coordinating rhythmic bending and fast feedback shaping head casts, thereby optimizing roaming efficiency. These findings highlight how intrinsic dynamics and structured composition emerge from highly interactive low-level circuits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.18.624064</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dual-timescale motor circuit dynamics underlies fast head exploratory behavior and efficient locomotion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.623682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Engineered mitochondrial A-to-G editors with enhanced efficiency and targeting scope 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.19.623682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial base editing is a powerful technology, but the current A-to-G mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base editors are reluctant to achieve high efficiency, which is critical for mtDNA engineering. Through laboratory evolution, TadA-8e variants were discovered with substantially increased activity and expanded targeting compatibility, especially for previously unfavorite sequence contexts, when applied to both nuclear and mitochondrial ABEs. Further engineering of the mtDNA editors (eTd-mtABEs) dramatically reduced both DNA and RNA off-targeting effects and enhanced strand-selective A-to-G editing with substitution of DddA to DNA nickases. Moreover, the eTd-mtABEs induced up to 145-fold editing frequencies compared to previous mtDNA adenine base editors in rat cells, and installed targeted mutations in all injected rat embryos with up to 74% efficiency in founders, resulting generation of SNHL and Leigh syndrome models with severe defects. It suggests that eTd-mtABEs are promising mtDNA engineering technology for basic research and for translational studies.

HighlightsO_LIEngineered TadA variants enhance nuclear and mitochondrial ABE activity in all sequence contexts.
C_LIO_LIAdditional mutations in eTd-mtABEs further minimize both DNA and RNA off-targeting effects.
C_LIO_LIEngineered TadA variants are compatible to DNA nickase assisted strand-selective mtDNA editing.
C_LIO_LIeTd-mtABEs enable highly efficient generation of rat mtDNA disease models with severe phenotypes.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.19.623682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Engineered mitochondrial A-to-G editors with enhanced efficiency and targeting scope]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624501v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Glioma Patients: miR-21 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Tissue and Serum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624501v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundGlioma remains challenging due to high recurrence rates and resistance to treatment. Diagnosis and follow-up in resource-constrained regions often leads to significant patient attrition. Serum microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles, which have been shown to correlate with tissue expression profiles, are detectable in peripheral blood samples, providing a promising avenue for non-invasive and repeatable liquid biopsies. miR-21 shows promise in many populations; however, there is a dearth of data from our region.

MethodologyWe collected 90 tumor tissues, 42 pre- and post-operative serum samples from glioma patients, and included 10 normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NATs) along with serum samples from 8 healthy individuals and analyzed for miR-21 expression through RT-qPCR. Shapiro Wilk test was applied to calculate data distribution, ANOVA, Fishers exact, and Wilcox test, along with pairwise Students t-test, were applied to determine the differences in gene expression. The expression level of miR-21 was assessed for correlation with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and different molecular markers (IDH, Ki-67, ATRX and p53). The quantitative hazard ratio was determined using Cox regression analysis.

ResultsmiR-21 expression in tissue increased with the mean log fold expression 0.101 (median fold = 2.35) in grade 2, 1.00 (median fold = 7.49) in grade 3 and 1.53 (median fold = 26.0) in grade 4 for glioma patients. The expression level showed significant difference between control tissue and grade 4 patients along with significant inter-comparison between grade 1 and grade 4, as well as grade 2 and grade 4.A significant elevated expression of miR-21 has been noticed in patients above 50 years of age. Similarly, in serum samples a significant decline in miR-21 expression was observed in post-operative samples as compared to pre-operative samples mean log fold in grade 2 is 1.30 (11.6-fold), grade 3 is 1.08 (15.3-fold) and grade 4 is 0.749 (13.2-fold). Furthermore, there was positive correlation of miR-21 expression with tumor volume. IDH-wildtype and high Ki-67 expression in gliomas showed significant upregulation of miR-21 compared to IDH-mutant and low Ki-67 respectively. Patients with low miR-21 expression had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than patients with high miR-21 expression. Quantitative hazard analysis indicates that patients in the high expression group have a 3.4 times higher risk of mortality (95% CI: 1.6-7.1), in comparison to patients in the low expression group with AUC of 0.742 (all p <0.05).

ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential of microRNA 21 as a serum biomarker for early, cost-effective diagnosis of glioma. Furthermore, it may inform the development of targeted treatment strategies for various glioma grades, particularly in our population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laghari, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sufiyan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adnan, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naeem, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abidi, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilyas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uddin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajwa, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enam, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mughal, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624501</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Glioma Patients: miR-21 Expression as a Prognostic Biomarker in Tissue and Serum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624593v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantification and potential functional relevanceof binding cooperativity of adjacent transcriptionfactors on DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.20.624593v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In eukaryotes, expression of a particular gene is regulated by a combination of transcription factors (TFs) bound on regulatory regions of the genomic DNA (promoters and enhancers). Recent advances in genomic sequencing technology have allowed measurements of TFs footprints and binding affinities on DNA at the single-molecule level, permitting the probing of binding cooperativity among adjacent TFs. This necessitates quantitative descriptions of TFs binding cooperativity and understanding of its potential functional relevance. In this study, we show that, thermodynamically, the binding affinities of two adjacent TFs can either increase together (positive cooperativity) or decrease together (negative cooperativity), rather than changing in opposite directions. Their binding cooperativity can be quantified by the{gamma} coefficient, which is independent of TF concentrations, and can be determined by single-molecule binding reads either from in vitro thermodynamic condition or cellular condition of non-equilibrium steady state (NESS). The functional relevance of positive cooperativity, which has been extensively discussed in the literature, is the sigmoidal binding curve around a TF concentration threshold (analogous to oxygen binding to hemoglobin), whereas the functional relevance of negative cooperativity is two-fold. First, mutual exclusion of the two TFs enables bidirectional gene switching similar to CI-Cro system in phage{lambda} . Second, under a non-equilibrium steady-state condition, in which TFs often exhibit intranuclear concentration fluctuations, negative binding cooperativity assures fast TF dissociation from DNA and hence rapid response for gene expression regulation.

Significance StatementIn eukaryotes, multiple transcription factors (TFs) bind to regulatory regions of DNA to control gene expression. The binding affinity of one TF to a specific DNA site is influenced by the binding of another TF at an adjacent site, exhibiting either positive or negative cooperativity (the TFs either strengthen or weaken each others binding). Here we present metric for such cooperativity from experimental measurables. Functionally, positive cooperativity assures sensitive response above a threshold of TF concentrations, whereas functional roles for negative cooperativity might be two folds: First, mutual exclusion of TFs binding enables bidirectional gene switching. Second, as TF concentrations oscillate under non-equilibrium steady-state condition, negative binding cooperativity assures fast TF dissociation, hence rapid switching of transcription.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.20.624593</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantification and potential functional relevanceof binding cooperativity of adjacent transcriptionfactors on DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624717v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Opposite-sex pairing alters social interaction-induced GCaMP and dopamine activity in the insular cortex of male prairie voles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624717v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a monogamous rodent species which displays selective social behaviors to conspecifics after establishing a pair bonded relationship, specifically partner-directed affiliation and stranger-directed aggression. This social selectivity relies on the ability of an individual to respond appropriately to a social context and requires salience detection and valence assignment. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) has been implicated in stimulus processing and categorization across a variety of contexts and is well-situated to integrate environmental stimuli and internal affective states to modulate complex goal-directed behaviors and social decision-making. Surprisingly, the contribution of the aIC to the expression of pair bond-induced social selectivity in prairie voles has been drastically understudied. Here we examined whether neural activity and gene expression in the aIC change in response to opposite-sex pairing and/or as a function of pairing length in male prairie voles. Opposite-sex pairing was characterized by changes to calcium and dopamine (DA) transients in the aIC that corresponded with the display of social selectivity across pair bond maturation. Furthermore, D1 and D2 receptor mRNA expression was significantly higher in males after 48 hrs of cohabitation with a female partner compared to same-sex housed males, and D2 mRNA remained significantly higher in males with a female partner compared to same-sex housed males after a week of cohabitation. Together, these results implicate a role for DA and its receptors in the aIC across the transition from early-to late-phase pair bonding.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vitale, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tbaba, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tam, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gossman, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624717</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Opposite-sex pairing alters social interaction-induced GCaMP and dopamine activity in the insular cortex of male prairie voles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cardiolipin-mimic lipid nanoparticles without antibody modification delivered senolytic in-vivo CAR-T therapy for inflamm-aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
mRNA-based in vivo CAR T cell engineering offers advantages over ex vivo therapies, including streamlined manufacturing and transient expression. However, current delivery requires antibody-modified vehicles with manufacturing challenges. In this study, inspired by cardiolipin, we identified a cardiolipin-like di-phosphoramide lipid that improved T cell transfection without targeting ligands, both in vivo and in vitro. The T cell-favored tropism is likely due to the lipids packing, shape, and rigidity. Encapsulating circular RNA further prolonged mRNA expression in the spleen and T cells. Using PL40 lipid nanoparticles, we delivered mRNA encoding a CAR targeting the senolytic and inflammatory antigen urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), alleviating uPAR-related liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Single cell sequencing in humans confirmed uPARs relevance to senescence and inflammation in RA. To further enhance clinical translation, we screened and humanized scFvs against uPAR, establishing PL40 mRNA encoding a circular human uPAR CAR, with potential for treating aging-inflamed disorders.

One Sentence SummaryWeve developed a unique class of Cardiolipin-mimic lipids that facilitate mRNA delivery to T cells in vivo without the need for antibody modification, enhancing the treatment of liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis through circular CAR uPAR RNA and propelling the clinical application of humanized CAR against human uPAR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cardiolipin-mimic lipid nanoparticles without antibody modification delivered senolytic in-vivo CAR-T therapy for inflamm-aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624772v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural insights into cholesterol sensing by the LYCHOS-mTORC1 pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.21.624772v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway regulates cellular metabolism and growth by coordinating nutrient resources, including cholesterol, and its aberrant activation is linked to various age-related diseases. LYCHOS is a cholesterol sensor on the lysosome and bound to the GATOR1 complex, a GTPase-activating protein for the Rag GTPase, at high cholesterol concentrations, thereby activating the protein kinase mTORC1. However, how LYCHOS senses cholesterol and transduces signal to GATOR1 remain largely unknown. Here we report six cryo-electron microscopy structures of human LYCHOS, depicting five distinct states. These are categorized into a contracted state when complexed with a sufficient amount of the cholesterol analogue cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS), and an expanded state when CHS is deficient. The structure forms a homodimer, within each monomer the transmembrane region is divided into a permease-like domain (PLD) and a GPCR-like domain (GLD) with two clearly defined adjacent cholesterol binding sites between them. The PLD shares a conserved Na+/H+ antiporter (NhaA) fold, which much resembles plant auxin transporter PINs. Cholesterol locates between PLD and GLD and cholesterol binding induces a translation of GLD towards PLD and exposes the cytosolic extension of transmembrane 15, which mediates the interaction between LYCHOS and GATOR1. Strikingly, structure-guided mutations of Gly702 in GLD of LYCHOS increase its affinity for cholesterol, leading to sustained mTORC1 activation in cells. This indicates that LYCHOSs moderate affinity for cholesterol is crucial as a cholesterol sensor. Our results not only showed a solute carrier mechanistically coordinates a GPCR domain, elucidating the structural mechanism of cholesterol sensing by the mTORC1 pathway on the lysosome; but also provides a structural basis for developing inhibitors that selectively target to mTORC1 pathway to treat age-related diseases by blocking LYCHOS in its expanded state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.21.624772</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural insights into cholesterol sensing by the LYCHOS-mTORC1 pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.622051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ALS driven by mutant NEK1 aggregation is accelerated by Pml loss, but clinically reversed through pharmacologic induction of Pml-mediated degradation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.622051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Germinal mono-allelic loss-of-function mutations of NEK1 drive Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) at variable penetrance, presumably through haploinsufficiency. Modeling the ALS-associated Arg812Ter mutation in mice revealed that the resulting truncated Nek1 (Nek1t) is aggregation-prone, particularly in alpha-motoneurons (MNs), and drives canonical ALS symptoms when bi-allelically expressed (Nek1t/t). Promyelocytic leukemia (Pml) ablation allows for ALS symptoms to occur even in heterozygote Nek1wt/t animals, mimicking the human situation. Pml precludes disease occurrence by promoting SUMO-facilitated degradation of Nek1t proteins through PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Conversely, Pml induction, achieved by activating the interferon pathway via poly(I:C) treatment, clears Nek1t aggregates in MNs, dramatically reducing ALS-associated symptoms and extending survival by 5 months. Our studies highlight the role of NEK1 aggregates in ALS pathogenesis and identifies activation of interferon pathways as a candidate therapeutic strategy that not only promotes Pml-triggered SUMOylation/degradation of toxic misfolded proteins in vivo, but also facilitates the clearance of protein aggregates, yielding dramatic clinical improvement. These observations validate PML as a relevant therapeutic target in neurodegenerative conditions associated with protein aggregation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Georgiadou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erkaya, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiryaki, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yildiz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozgenc, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pekbilir, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogan, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lallemand-Breitenbach, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vargas, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prochiantz, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de The, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.23.622051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ALS driven by mutant NEK1 aggregation is accelerated by Pml loss, but clinically reversed through pharmacologic induction of Pml-mediated degradation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624680v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Versatile Stain Transfer in Histopathology Using a Unified Diffusion Framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624680v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histological staining is vital in clinical pathology for visualizing tissue structures. However, these techniques are laborious and time-consuming. Digital virtual staining offers a promising solution, but existing methods typically rely on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which may suffer from artifacts and mode collapse. Motivated by the success of diffusion models, we present DUST, a novel Diffusion-based Unified framework for versatile Stain Transfer in histopathology. To enhance domain awareness and task-specific performance, we propose a dual encoding strategy that integrates the stain types of both the source and target domains. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic dual-output head to address the unstable intensity issue encountered with conventional DDPM implementations. Validated on a curated fourstain kidney histopathological dataset (H&E, MT, PAS, and PASM), DUST demonstrates superior versatile stain transfer capabilities. Our research highlights the potential of diffusion models to advance virtual staining, paving the way for more efficient digital pathology analyses.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.23.624680</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Versatile Stain Transfer in Histopathology Using a Unified Diffusion Framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624963v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Innervation density governs crosstalk of GPCR-based norepinephrine and dopamine sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.23.624963v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GPCR-based fluorescent sensors are widely used to correlate neuromodulatory signaling with brain function. While experiments in transfected cells often reveal selectivity for individual neurotransmitters, sensor specificity in the brain frequently remains uncertain. Pursuing experiments in brain slices and in vivo, we find that norepinephrine and dopamine cross-activate the respective sensors. Non-specific activation occurred when innervation of the cross-reacting transmitter was high, and silencing of specific innervation was indispensable for interpreting sensor fluorescence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lopez, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Noble, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcete, O. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Handy, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patriarchi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaeser, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.23.624963</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Innervation density governs crosstalk of GPCR-based norepinephrine and dopamine sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624866v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.22.624866v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex is an important covariate in all genetic and epigenetic research due to its role in the incidence, progression and outcome of many phenotypic characteristics and human diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron disease with a sex bias towards higher incidence in males. Here, we report for the first time a blood-based epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis in 9274 individuals after stringent quality control (5529 males and 3975 females). We identified a total of 226 ALS saDMPs (sex-associated DMPs) annotated to a total of 159 unique genes. These ALS saDMPs were depleted at transposable elements yet significantly enriched at enhancers and slightly enriched at 3UTRs. These ALS saDMPs were enriched for transcription factor motifs such as ESR1 and REST. Moreover, we identified an additional 10 genes associated with ALS saDMPs through chromatin loop interactions, suggesting a potential regulatory role for these saDMPs on distant genes. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between DNA methylation at specific CpG sites and overall survival in ALS using Cox proportional hazards models. We identified two ALS saDMPs, cg14380013 and cg06729676, that showed significant associations with survival. Overall, our study reports a reliable catalogue of sex-associated ALS saDMPs in ALS and elucidates several characteristics of these sites using a large-scale dataset. This resource will benefit future studies aiming to investigate the role of sex in the incidence, progression and risk for ALS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grant, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iacoangeli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwamborn, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Rheenen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Byrne, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Eijk, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenna, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Vugt, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooper-Knock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kenna, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Topp, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van Es, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gotkine, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corcia, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Carvalho, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panades, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mora, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mill, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garton, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McRae, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wray, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landers, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glass, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basak, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardiman, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Damme, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McLaughlin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veldink, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Chalabi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Kheifat, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.22.624866</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural and Mechanistic Bases for Resistance of the M66I Capsid Variant to Lenacapavir 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.25.625199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lenacapavir (LEN) is the first in class viral capsid protein (CA) targeting antiretroviral for treating multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 infection. Clinical trials and cell culture experiments have identified resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in the vicinity of the hydrophobic CA pocket targeted by LEN. The M66I substitution conferred by far the highest level of resistance to the inhibitor compared to other RAMs. Here we investigated structural and mechanistic bases for how the M66I change affects LEN binding to CA and viral replication. The high-resolution X-ray structure of the CA(M66I) hexamer revealed that the {beta}-branched side chain of Ile66 induces steric hindrance specifically to LEN thereby markedly reducing the inhibitor binding affinity. By contrast, the M66I substitution did not affect binding of Phe-Gly (FG)-motif-containing cellular cofactors CPSF6, NUP153, or SEC24C, which engage the same hydrophobic pocket of CA. In cell culture the M66I variant did not acquire compensatory mutations or replicate in the presence of LEN. Analysis of viral replication intermediates revealed that HIV-1(M66I CA) predominantly formed correctly matured viral cores, which were more stable than their wildtype counterparts. The mutant cores stably bound to the nuclear envelope but failed to penetrate inside the nucleus. Furthermore, the M66I substitution markedly altered HIV-1 integration targeting. Taken together, our findings elucidate mechanistic insights for how the M66I change confers remarkable resistance to LEN and affects HIV-1 replication. Moreover, our structural findings provide powerful means for future medicinal chemistry efforts to rationally develop second generation inhibitors with a higher barrier to resistance.

IMPORTANCELenacapavir (LEN) is a highly potent and long-acting antiretroviral that works by a unique mechanism of targeting the viral capsid protein. The inhibitor is used in combination with other antiretrovirals to treat multi-drug-resistant HIV-1 infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults. Furthermore, LEN is in clinical trials for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with interim results indicating 100 % efficacy to prevent HIV-1 infections. However, one notable shortcoming is a relatively low barrier of viral resistance to LEN. Clinical trials and cell culture experiments identified emergent resistance mutations near the inhibitor binding site on capsid. The M66I variant was the most prevalent capsid substitution identified in patients receiving LEN to treat muti-drug resistant HIV-1 infections. The studies described here elucidate the underlying mechanism by which the M66I substitution confers a marked resistance to the inhibitor. Furthermore, our structural findings will aid future efforts to develop the next generation of capsid inhibitors with enhanced barriers to resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Briganti, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annamalai, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bester, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andino-Moncada, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleinpeter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tripathi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Radhakrishnan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwood, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schope, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haney, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freed, E. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Engelman, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kvaratskhelia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.25.625199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural and Mechanistic Bases for Resistance of the M66I Capsid Variant to Lenacapavir]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624852v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Interactions in Stress Environment via Tunneling Nanotubes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.624852v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study aims to demonstrate the formation of TNTs between AdMSCs and RPE-1 and their alterations in response to experimental stress conditions. Serum starvation was employed as a stress condition to induce TNTs between the AdMSC and RPE-1. The presence of TNTs was demonstrated through immunofluorescence microscopy while scanning electron microscopy was utilized to determine the average thickness. Cell viabilities were assessed after stress by CTG, and H2DCFH-DA probes evaluated the cells reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Further, JC-1 labeled mitochondrial exchange between cells via TNTs was supported by videos. A transmembrane culture system was employed to inhibit TNT formation. In this study, we investigated the role of TNTs in facilitating intercellular communication and mitochondrial transfer between AdMSCs and RPE-1 under stress. We found that TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer from AdMSCs to RPE-1 helps to reduce ROS levels and improve cell viability. We demonstrated that direct interaction between AdMSCs and RPE-1 was crucial for stress recovery. Co-culture enhanced viability and sustained retinal epithelial cell function after stress-induced damage. Mechanical inhibition of TNT formation decreased cell viability and increased ROS levels, indicating the importance of TNTs in cellular protection. The findings can provide a new perspective on the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based therapy in protecting RPE against stress-induced damage and promoting tissue regeneration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gozel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senkoylu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasanreisoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.24.624852</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Interactions in Stress Environment via Tunneling Nanotubes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.625042v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of Primed Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Immunomodulation in Behcet Uveitis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.24.625042v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PurposeThis study sought to investigate the potential role of exosomes of interferon-gamma (IFN-{gamma}) primed (IFN+Exo) and non-primed (IFN-Exo) adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for the treatment of Behcet Disease (BD) uveitis (BU).

MethodsAdMSCs were isolated from adipose tissue. Characterization and multipotency analyses were performed. Exosomes were isolated from the media of AdMSCs and then characterized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from patients with BU and healthy individuals. AdMSCs were preincubated with or without IFN-{gamma} for 48 h. PBMC of patients with BU and healthy controls separately cultured with exosomes for 72 h. After the culture period, lymphocyte proliferation, viability, and apoptosis were carried out via flow cytometry. The expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, transforming growth factor (TGF)-{beta}, and interferon (IFN)-{gamma} levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

ResultsIFN+Exo promoted lymphocyte apoptosis in patients with BU. IFN+Exo suppressed cell viability of T lymphocytes of BU. Exosomes alone did not affect on T lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, exosomes increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of T lymphocytes in patients with BU.

ConclusionThis studys findings can open a new pathway in MSCs/exosome therapy in BU.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gozel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydemir, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaleli, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guleser, U. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kusan Unlu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kesim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sezgin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ucar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatemi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasanreisoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.24.625042</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of Primed Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Immunomodulation in Behcet Uveitis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enalapril mitigates aging by targeting antioxidative genes via phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging increases the risk of a myriad of chronic diseases, which are expensive and difficult to treat owing to their various risk factors. Repurposing existing medications has accelerated the development of therapies aimed at slowing aging. In this study, we revealed that enalapril, a drug widely prescribed for hypertension, can improve both cellular senescence and individual health. Mechanistically, phosphorylated Smad1/5/9 act as pivotal mediators of the anti-senescence properties of enalapril. It stimulates downstream genes involved in cell cycle regulation and antioxidative defense, facilitating cell proliferation and diminishing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus increasing the antioxidative ability of enalapril. At the organismal level, enalapril has been shown to bolster the physiological performance of various organs; it notably enhances memory capacity and renal function and relieves lipid accumulation. Our work highlights the potential of enalapril to augment antioxidant defenses and combat the effects of aging, thereby indicating its promise as a treatment strategy for aging-associated diseases and its use for healthy aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enalapril mitigates aging by targeting antioxidative genes via phosphorylated Smad1/5/9]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625788v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering Ca2+ Permeation and Valence Selectivity in Cav1: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Three-Ion Knock-on Mechanism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625788v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels are pivotal in cellular signaling due to their selective calcium ion permeation upon membrane depolarization. While previous studies have established the highly selective permeability of CaV channels, the detailed molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we use extensive atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the mechanisms governing ion permeation and valence selectivity in CaV1 channels. Employing the electronic continuum correction method, we simulated a calcium conductance of approximately 9-11 pS, aligning closely with experimental measurement. Our simulations uncovered a three-ion knock-on mechanism critical for efficient calcium ion permeation, necessitating the binding of at least two calcium ions within the selectivity filter (SF) and the subsequent entry of a third ion. In silico mutation simulations further validated the importance of multi-ion coordination in the SF for efficient ion permeation, identifying two critical residues, D706 and E1101, that are essential for the binding of two calcium ions in the SF. Moreover, we explored the competitive permeation of calcium and sodium ions, and obtained a valence selectivity favoring calcium over sodium at a ratio of approximately 35:1 under the bi-cation condition. This selectivity arises from the strong electrostatic interactions of calcium ions in the confined SF and the three-ion knock-on mechanism. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of CaV channel function, with implications for understanding calcium-dependent cellular processes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625788</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering Ca2+ Permeation and Valence Selectivity in Cav1: Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Three-Ion Knock-on Mechanism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Immunomodulatory effects of tumor Lactate Dehydrogenase C (LDHC) in breast cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImmunotherapy has significantly improved outcomes for cancer patients; however, its clinical benefits vary among patients and its effectiveness across breast cancer subtypes remains uncertain. To enhance its efficacy, it is important to gain more insight into tumor-intrinsic immunomodulatory factors that could be used as therapeutic targets. We previously identified Lactate Dehydrogenase C (LDHC) to be a promising anti-cancer target due to its role in regulating cancer cell genomic integrity. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor LDHC expression on immune responses.

MethodsTIMER AND TIDE deconvolution methods were used to investigate the relationship between tumor LDHC expression, immune cell infiltration and T cell dysfunction. Multiplex cytokine assays and flow cytometry analyses of breast cancer cell monocultures, and direct and indirect cancer cell-immune cell co-culture models were performed to assess the effect of LDHC knockdown on the secretion of inflammatory mediators and the expression of immune checkpoint molecules. T cell activity was determined by IFN-{gamma} ELISPot assays and 7-AAD viability flow cytometry of cancer cells in direct co-culture.

ResultsTIMER and TIDE analyses revealed that tumor LDHC expression is associated with T cell dysfunction in breast cancer and worse post-immunotherapy survival in melanoma. Depletion of LDHC in three breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, BT-549, HCC-1954) enhanced T cell activation and cytolytic function (4-hour direct co-culture). Analysis of cancer cell monocultures revealed an increase in secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-{gamma}, GM- CSF, MCP-1, CXCL1), a decrease in immunosuppressive factors (IL-6, Gal-9) and a reduction in tumor cell surface PD-L1 expression following LDHC knockdown. Using 72-hour direct co- cultures with LDHC-silenced cancer cells, we observed a decrease in tumor-promoting cytokines (IL-1{beta}, IL-4 and IL-6) and an increase in the tumor-inhibiting cytokine CXCL1. Furthermore, LDHC knockdown reduced the number of CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 and CTLA-4, as well as the cell surface expression of CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM3, and VISTA.

ConclusionsOur findings suggest that targeting LDHC may improve anti-tumor immune responses by modulating the secretion of pro- and anti-tumorigenic cytokines and impairing immune checkpoint signaling. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which LDHC modulates these responses in breast cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Naik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Khalifa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qasem, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Immunomodulatory effects of tumor Lactate Dehydrogenase C (LDHC) in breast cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Thermodynamic Parameter Estimation for Modified Oligonucleotides Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study investigates the thermodynamic parameters of 1,300 RNA/DNA hybrid duplexes, including both natural and chemically modified forms, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Modified duplexes consist of phosphorothioate (PS) backbones and 2'-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) modifications, both commonly used in therapeutic oligonucleotides. Hybridization enthalpy and entropy were calculated from MD trajectories using molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) and molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA) approaches. To address discrepancies with experimental data, we established empirical relationships by comparing calculated values with known experimental results of natural hybrid duplexes, then extended these relationships to the entire dataset. The corrected parameters were subsequently used to generate nearest-neighbor (NN) models, allowing for experimentally reliable melting temperature predictions. In this process, MMGBSA demonstrated superior predictive performance with high convergence and consistency for both natural and modified duplexes. Specifically, MMGBSA captured the stabilizing effects of the MOE modification with minimal bias, while MMPBSA exhibited greater variability and limited reliability. These findings highlight the potential of MMGBSA for accurate thermodynamic modeling of both natural and modified nucleic acids, providing a robust framework and experimentally meaningful insights for applications in nucleic acid-based therapeutic design and biotechnology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.626002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Thermodynamic Parameter Estimation for Modified Oligonucleotides Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625539v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential Remodeling of the BRCA1 Interactome by a Unique Minimal Clinical Truncation Mutation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.26.625539v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BRCA1, a critical tumor suppressor gene, plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability through its involvement in DNA double-strand break repair, particularly via homologous recombination. Loss or impairment of BRCA1 function disrupts this repair pathway, resulting in genomic instability and significantly increased susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which BRCA1 mutations contribute to tumorigenesis, we employed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proximity labeling and affinity purification to identify cancer-specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Our integrated omics and visualization analysis of interactors revealed that the BRCA1-Y1853ter mutant, through its interaction with BARD1, perturbs the interactome and impacts cellular processes within the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Structural data further corroborated these findings, showing enhanced binding between the mutant BRCA1 and specific interactors, suggesting an altered functional profile. Together, these observations raise the hypothesis that the BRCA1-Y1853ter mutant may exhibit gain-of-function characteristics, providing new insights into the molecular and cellular effects of mutations in the BRCA1 C-Terminal (BRCT) domain and their implications for the pathogenesis of breast and ovarian cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardiu, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rekowski, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, Z. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anant, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.26.625539</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential Remodeling of the BRCA1 Interactome by a Unique Minimal Clinical Truncation Mutation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625710v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polyfunctional IL-21+ IFNg+ T follicular helper cells contribute to checkpoint inhibitor diabetes mellitus and can be targeted by JAK inhibitor therapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.27.625710v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy, but their use is limited by the development of autoimmunity in healthy tissues as a side effect of treatment. Such immune-related adverse events (IrAE) contribute to hospitalizations, cancer treatment interruption and even premature death. ICI-induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus (ICI-T1DM) is a life-threatening IrAE that presents with rapid pancreatic beta-islet cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia and life-long insulin dependence. While prior reports have focused on CD8+ T cells, the role for CD4+ T cells in ICI-T1DM is less understood. Here, we identify expansion CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing interleukin 21 (IL-21) and interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}) as a hallmark of ICI-T1DM. Furthermore, we show that both IL-21 and IFN{gamma} are critical cytokines for autoimmune attack in ICI-T1DM. Because IL-21 and IFN{gamma} both signal through JAK-STAT pathways, we reasoned that JAK inhibitors (JAKi) may protect against ICI-T1DM. Indeed, JAKi provide robust in vivo protection against ICI-T1DM in a mouse model that is associated with decreased islet-infiltrating Tfh cells. Moreover, JAKi therapy impaired Tfh cell differentiation in patients with ICI-T1DM. These studies highlight CD4+ Tfh cells as underrecognized but critical mediators of ICI-T1DM that may be targeted with JAKi to prevent this grave IrAE.

VISUAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=92 SRC="FIGDIR/small/625710v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ed4acdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c9e062org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa81eforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1388747_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ortega, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimbrell, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, L. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peluso, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kao, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olay, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quandt, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angell, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lechner, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.27.625710</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polyfunctional IL-21+ IFNg+ T follicular helper cells contribute to checkpoint inhibitor diabetes mellitus and can be targeted by JAK inhibitor therapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625926v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeted glycophagy ATG8 therapy for diabetic heart disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625926v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic heart disease is highly prevalent and is associated with the early development of impaired diastolic relaxation. The mechanisms of diabetic heart disease are poorly understood and it is a condition for which there are no targeted therapies. Recently, disrupted glycogen-autophagy (glycophagy) and glycogen accumulation have been identified in the diabetic heart. Glycophagy involves glycogen receptor binding and linking with an ATG8 protein to locate and degrade glycogen within an intracellular phago-lysosome. Here we show that glycogen receptor protein STBD1 (starch-binding-domain-protein-1) is mobilized early in the cardiac glycogen response to metabolic challenge in vivo, and that deficiency of a specific ATG8 family protein, Gabarapl1 ({gamma}-aminobutyric-acid-receptor-associated-protein-like-1) is associated with diastolic dysfunction in diabetes. Gabarapl1 gene delivery treatment remediated cardiomyocyte and cardiac diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice and diastolic performance of  diabetic human iPSC-derived cardiac organoids. We identify glycophagy dysregulation as a mechanism and potential treatment target for diabetic heart disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mellor, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varma, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koutsifeli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curl, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Janssens, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniels, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernasochi, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raaijmakers, A. J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Annandale, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>James, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raedschelders, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weeks, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mills, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parton, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Porrello, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hudson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, R.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Eyk, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gottlieb, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delbridge, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.28.625926</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeted glycophagy ATG8 therapy for diabetic heart disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Constructing a holistic map of cell fate decision by hyper solution landscape 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Waddington landscape metaphor has inspired extensive quantitative studies of cell fate decisions using dynamical systems. While these approaches provide valuable insights, the intrinsic nonlinear complexity and the parameter dependence limits systematic analysis of fate transitions. Here, we introduce the Hyper Solution Landscape (HSL), a minimally parameter-dependent methodology showing a comprehensive structure of all possible landscape configurations for gene regulatory networks. HSL connects different solution landscapes to reflect dynamic changes of the landscapes associated with bifurcations. Applied to the Cross-Inhibition with Self-activation motif, HSL analysis identifies key hyperparameters driving distinct directional changes in cell fate propensity. Different routes through the HSL between the same initial and final states can produce markedly different fate distributions. This enables rational design of transition strategies. We validate HSLs utility in the seesaw model of cellular reprogramming, establishing a powerful framework for understanding and engineering cell fate decisions. A record of this papers Transparent Peer Review process is included in the Supplemental Information.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.28.625944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Constructing a holistic map of cell fate decision by hyper solution landscape]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-learning-enabled generative prevalent mutation prediction through host-to-herd in silico virus evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.28.625962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the mutation prevalence trends of emerging viruses in the real world is an efficient means to update vaccines or drugs in advance. It is crucial to develop a computational method for the prediction of real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutations considering the impact of multiple selective pressures within and between hosts. Here, a deep-learning generative framework for real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutation prediction, named ViralForesight, is developed on top of protein language models and in silico virus evolution. Through the paradigm of host-to-herd in silico virus evolution, ViralForesight reproduced previous real-world prevalent SARS-CoV-2 mutations for multiple lineages with superior performance. More importantly, ViralForesight correctly predicted the future prevalent mutations that dominate the COVID-19 pandemic in the real world more than half a year in advance with in vitro experimental validation. Overall, ViralForesight demonstrates a proactive approach to the prevention of emerging viral infections, accelerating the process of discovering future prevalent mutations with the power of generative deep learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.28.625962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-learning-enabled generative prevalent mutation prediction through host-to-herd in silico virus evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.624642v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CGMFinder Identifies Correlated Gene Modules from 3H scRNA-seq Data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.624642v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Correlated gene modules (CGMs) contain genes whose expression fluctuates together. Genes in CGMs are often functionally related and regulated by shared transcription factors. CGMs can be identified under steady-state conditions in populations of cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we introduce CGMFinder, a tool for CGM identification using "3H" scRNA-seq data (High mRNA capture efficiency, High cell numbers, and High sequencing depth). CGMFinder employs a graph-based filtering approach, first identifying CGM cores from highly-expressed genes and then linking noisy low-abundance genes to these cores. In lymphoblastoid cell line 3H datasets generated by in-lab and commercial protocols, CGMFinder accurately identifies CGMs enriched for gene ontologies or pathways. In cells grown under hypoxic conditions, CGMFinder successfully identified hypoxia-specific "glycolysis" and "response to oxygen levels" modules. Evaluations using ground truth correlation modules demonstrate that CGMFinder outperforms other CGM identification methods such as WGCNA and FastICA in scRNA-seq data.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.624642</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CGMFinder Identifies Correlated Gene Modules from 3H scRNA-seq Data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626649v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multinucleated giant cells are hallmarks of ovarian aging with unique immune and degradation-associated molecular signatures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626649v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The ovary is one of the first organs to exhibit signs of aging, characterized by reduced tissue function, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), formed by macrophage fusion, typically occur in chronic immune pathologies, including infectious and non-infectious granulomas and the foreign body response1, but are also observed in the aging ovary2-4. The function and consequence of ovarian MNGCs remain unknown as their biological activity is highly context-dependent, and their large size has limited their isolation and analysis through technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing. In this study, we define ovarian MNGCs through a deep analysis of their presence across age and species using advanced imaging technologies as well as their unique transcriptome using laser capture microdissection. MNGCs form complex interconnected networks that increase with age in both mouse and nonhuman primate ovaries. MNGCs are characterized by high Gpnmb expression, a putative marker of ovarian and non-ovarian MNGCs5,6. Pathway analysis highlighted functions in apoptotic cell clearance, lipid metabolism, proteolysis, immune processes, and increased oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant activity. Thus, MNGCs have signatures related to degradative processes, immune function, and high metabolic activity. These processes were enriched in MNGCs compared to primary ovarian macrophages, suggesting discrete functionality. MNGCs express CD4 and colocalize with T-cells, which were enriched in regions of MNGCs, indicative of a close interaction between these immune cell types. These findings implicate MNGCs in modulation of the ovarian immune landscape during aging given their high penetrance and unique molecular signature that supports degradative and immune functions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Converse, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perry, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dipali, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isola, J. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelley, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varberg, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zelinkski, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerton, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stout, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626649</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multinucleated giant cells are hallmarks of ovarian aging with unique immune and degradation-associated molecular signatures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-fidelity disentangled cellular embeddings for large-scale heterogeneous spatial omics via DECIPHER 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.29.626126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The functional role of a cell, shaped by the sophisticated interplay between its molecular identity and spatial context, is often obscured in current spatial modeling. Aiming to model large-scale heterogeneous spatial data in silico properly, DECIPHER produces high-fidelity disentangled embeddings, not only achieving superior performance in systematic benchmarks, but also empowering various real-world applications. We further demonstrated that DECIPHER is scalable to atlas-scale datasets, enabling global analysis which is largely infeasible to current state-of-the-arts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.11.29.626126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-fidelity disentangled cellular embeddings for large-scale heterogeneous spatial omics via DECIPHER]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure of the human taurine transporter TauT reveals substrate recognition and mechanisms of inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, plays a crucial role in human health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, osmoregulatory properties 1,2. Taurine levels are primarily regulated by the sodium-/chloride-dependent taurine transporter (TauT) 3. Inhibitors of TauT have potential in the treatment of certain diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer 4,5. Here, we present five structures of TauT: in the substrate-free apo state, in complex with taurine and in complex with taurine-mimetic inhibitors {beta}-alanine, GABA and guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES), each with varying length of linear structure, in both inward-facing and occluded conformations. The taurine-, {beta}-alanine- and GABA-bound hTauT structures, in the presence of NaCl, adopt an occluded conformation, with ligands binding in the central pocket. In the presence of KCl, GES-bound hTauT adopts an inward-facing conformation, with two molecules positioned along the substrate translocation pathway with one into the deep central cavity and the other precluded conformational change from inward-facing to occluded state. Combined with function analysis, our structures provided insights into the overall architecture, substrate coordination and inhibitor recognition mechanisms of TauT.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure of the human taurine transporter TauT reveals substrate recognition and mechanisms of inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626483v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of the closest free-living relative of the domesticated "magic mushroom" Psilocybe cubensis in Africa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626483v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The "magic mushroom" Psilocybe cubensis is cultivated worldwide for recreational and medicinal uses. Described initially from Cuba in 1904, there has been substantial debate about its origin and diversification. The prevailing view, first proposed by the Psilocybe expert Gaston Guzman in 1983, is that P. cubensis was inadvertently introduced to the Americas when cattle were introduced to the continents from Africa and Europe ([~]1500 CE), but that its progenitor was endemic to Africa. This hypothesis has never been tested. Here, we report the discovery of the closest wild relative of P. cubensis from sub-Saharan Africa, P. ochraceocentrata nom. prov. Using DNA sequences from type specimens of all known and accessable African species of Psilocybe, multi-locus phylogenetic and molecular clock analysis strongly support recognizing the African samples as a new species that last shared a common ancestor with P. cubensis [~]1.5 million years ago ([~]710k - 2.55M years ago 95% HPD). Even at the latest estimated time of divergence, this long predates cattle domestication and the origin of modern humans. Both species are associated with herbivore dung, suggesting this habit likely predisposed P. cubensis to its present specialization on domesticated cattle dung. Ecological niche modeling using bioclimatic variables for global records of these species indicates historical presence across Africa, Asia, and the Americas over the last 3 million years. This discovery sheds light on the wild origins of domesticated P. cubensis and provides new genetic resources for research on psychedelic mushrooms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharp, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Der Merwe, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tremble, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dentinger, B. T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626483</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of the closest free-living relative of the domesticated "magic mushroom" Psilocybe cubensis in Africa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626701v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ANKRD5: a key component of the axoneme required for spermmotility and male fertility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.03.626701v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sperm motility is essential for male fertility and depends on the structural integrity of the sperm axoneme, which features a canonical "9+2" microtubule arrangement. This structure comprises nine outer doublet microtubules (DMTs) that are associated with various macromolecular complexes. Among them, the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) forms crossbridges between adjacent DMTs, contributing to their stabilization and enabling flagellar bending. In this study, we investigated Ankyrin repeat domain 5 (ANKRD5, also known as ANK5 or ANKEF1), a protein highly expressed in the sperm axoneme. We found that ANKRD5 interacts with DRC5/TCTE1 and DRC4/GAS8, two key components of the N-DRC, and these interactions occur independently of calcium regulation. Male Ankrd5-/- mice exhibited impaired sperm motility and infertility. Cryo-electron tomography revealed a typical "9+2" axoneme structure with intact DMTs in Ankrd5 null sperm; however, the DMTs showed pronounced morphological variability and increased structural heterogeneity. Notably, ANKRD5 deficiency did not alter ATP levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, or mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that ANKRD5 may attenuate the N-DRCs mechanical buffering-akin to a "car bumper"-between adjacent DMTs, thereby compromising axonemal stability under high mechanical stress during vigorous flagellar beating.

Graphic Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=184 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/626701v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (39K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ca36eforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@dcafe3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9f6086org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17a0a0b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Significance StatementMale infertility affects approximately 8%-12% of men globally, with defects in sperm motility accounting for over 80% of these cases. The axoneme, which functions as the motor apparatus of the sperm, adopts a canonical "9+2" microtubule arrangement, where the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC) plays a critical role in providing structural support between adjacent outer microtubule doublets. Elucidating the interplay between the structural organization and protein composition of the N-DRC is essential for advancing the understanding of male reproductive biology. In this study, we identify ANKRD5 as a new component of N-DRC that is essential for maintaining normal sperm motility. These findings contribute to the molecular understanding of sperm motility and highlight ANKRD5 as a potential target for the development of novel male contraceptives.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.626701</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ANKRD5: a key component of the axoneme required for spermmotility and male fertility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626790v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adrenocortical Cancer Cell uptake of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.04.626790v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with poor prognosis, treated primarily through surgery and chemotherapy. Other treatments like radiation or thermal ablation for metastases have limited success, and recurrence is common. More effective management options are needed. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) show promise in cancer treatment due to their ability to be modified for selective uptake by cancer cells. This study investigated IONP uptake in ACC cell lines (H295R, HAC-15, MUC-1) using a multicellular model with endothelial cells (HUVEC) and monocytes. IONP uptake was concentration- and time-dependent, with optimal uptake at 10 {micro}g/mL. IONP were found in the cytoplasm and intracellular vesicles of ACC cells. However, endothelial cells and monocytes also absorbed IONP, reducing uptake by ACC cells. These findings suggest ACC cells actively take up IONP, but better targeting is needed to enhance uptake specificity and efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Challapalli, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sorushanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covarrubias-Zambrano, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mullen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feely, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Covarrubias, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hantel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owens, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OHalloran, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bossmann, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dennedy, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.04.626790</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adrenocortical Cancer Cell uptake of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627725v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following Covid-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.10.627725v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionIn March 2020, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 prompted global vaccination campaigns to mitigate COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. The 2-dose BNT162b2- mRNA vaccine effectively reduced infection and mortality rates, however, waning vaccine effectiveness necessitated the introduction of a third vaccine dose or booster. To assess the magnitude and longevity of booster-induced immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2 specific cellular and humoral immune responses among Qatars vulnerable craft and manual worker community. We also investigated the impact of prior naturally acquired immunity on booster vaccination efficacy.

MethodsSeventy healthy participants were enrolled in the study, of whom half had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples were collected before and after booster vaccination to evaluate immune responses through SARS- CoV-2 specific ELISpots, IgG ELISA, neutralization assays, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping

ResultsT cell analysis revealed increased Th1 cellular responses, marked by enhanced IFN-{gamma} release, in recently infected participants, which was further enhanced by booster vaccination for up to 6-months. Furthermore, booster vaccination stimulated cytotoxic T cell responses in infection-naive participants, characterized by granzyme B production. Both natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and booster vaccination induced robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immune responses, with high neutralizing antibody levels. Prior natural infection was also linked to an increased number of class- switched B cells prior to booster vaccination.

ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in enhancing anti-viral immunity across both infection-naive and previously infected individuals, enhancing distinct arms of the anti-viral immune response and prolonging naturally acquired immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zaqout, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meqbel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafar, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaikath, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldushain, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaath, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Akl, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali Moussa, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taha, R. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abukhattab, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almaslamani, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alajez, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arredouani, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulla, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El-Agnaf, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Omrani, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decock, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.10.627725</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal cellular and humoral immune responses following Covid-19 BNT162b2-mRNA-based booster vaccination of craft and manual workers in Qatar.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effects of transmembrane phenylalanine residues on γ-secretase-mediated Notch-1 proteolysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{gamma}-Secretase is a presenilin-containing intramembrane aspartyl protease complex that cleaves within the transmembrane domain (TMD) of nearly 150 substrates, with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) being the most well studied. APP cleavage by {gamma}-secretase generates amyloid {beta}-peptides (A{beta}) that pathologically deposit in Alzheimers disease. APP TMD substrate undergoes initial endoproteolysis ({varepsilon}-cleavage) followed by processive carboxypeptidase trimming of long A{beta} intermediates in [~]tripeptide intervals. Although {gamma}-secretase cleavage of Notch1 is essential in developmental biology and altered in many cancers, the processing of this cell-surface receptor is relatively understudied. Only one sequence specificity rule is known for {gamma}-secretase substrate processing: Aromatic residues such as phenylalanine are not tolerated in the P2 position with respect to any processing event on the APP TMD. Here we show using biochemical and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques that this specificity rule holds for Notch1 as well. Analysis of products from the reactions of purified enzyme complex and Notch1 TMD substrate variants revealed that P2 Phe relative to {varepsilon}-site cleavage reduced proteolysis and shifted initial cleavage N-terminally by one residue. Double Phe mutation near the {varepsilon} site resulted in reduced proteolysis with shifting to two major initial cleavage sites, one N-terminally and one C-terminally, both of which avoid Phe in the P2 position. Additionally, three natural Phe residues were mutated to corresponding residues in the APP TMD, which led to increased {varepsilon} proteolysis. Thus, Phe residues can affect the enzyme reaction rate as well as cleavage site specificity in the Notch1 TMD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Malvankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.628002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effects of transmembrane phenylalanine residues on γ-secretase-mediated Notch-1 proteolysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627283v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Preferential Release of microRNAs via Extracellular Vesicles is Associated with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Breast Cancer Progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.09.627283v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a benign "pre-cancer" that increases the risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Not all DCIS progress to IBC, and the primary factors driving progression remain unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) or exosomes are known to play a role in advanced cancers, but their involvement in DCIS is poorly understood. This study examined the role of sEVs and their RNA content in DCIS progression. Rab27A, which regulates exosome release, is elevated in DCIS and IBC tissues compared with normal breast tissues. Inhibition of sEV release via Rab27A knockdown alters pro-invasive pathways and reduces invasion in a DCIS mouse model. Using the isogenic MCF10 breast cancer progression series, we found a significant increase in microRNAs (miRNAs) in sEVs from normal to malignant states, with the highest number of differentially expressed miRNAs in IBC sEVs compared with DCIS sEVs. In vivo, DCIS invasive progression elevated circulating sEV miRNA levels, which decreased upon Rab27A knockdown. Re-expression of miR-205, preferentially loaded into IBC sEVs, reduced proliferation, invasion, and EMT marker expression in DCIS cells. Combined Rab27A knockdown and miR-205 expression repressed TGF-{beta} signaling, activated p38, and induced cell cycle arrest and cell death. These findings illustrate that sEVs and their miRNAs promote DCIS progression, and the reintroduction of miR-205 in DCIS cells can inhibit invasive progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elayapillai, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dogra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lausen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruns, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behbod, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hladik, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hannafon, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.09.627283</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Preferential Release of microRNAs via Extracellular Vesicles is Associated with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Breast Cancer Progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628061v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiple-Basin Go-Martini for Investigating Conformational Transitions and Environmental Interactions of Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.628061v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proteins are inherently dynamic molecules, and their conformational transitions among various states are essential for numerous biological processes, which are often modulated by their interactions with surrounding environments. Although molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely used to investigate these transitions, all-atom (AA) methods are often limited by short timescales and high computational costs, and coarse-grained (CG) implicitsolvent G[o]-like models are usually incapable of studying the interactions between proteins and their environments. Here, we present an approach called Multiple-basin G[o]-Martini, which combines the recent G[o]-Martini model with an exponential mixing scheme to facilitate the simulation of spontaneous protein conformational transitions in explicit environments. We demonstrate the versatility of our method through five diverse case studies: GlnBP, Arc, Hinge, SemiSWEET, and TRAAK, representing ligand-binding proteins, fold-switching proteins, de novo designed proteins, transporters, and mechanosensitive ion channels, respectively. The Multiple-basin G[o]-Martini offers a new computational tool for investigating protein conformational transitions, identifying key intermediate states, and elucidating essential interactions between proteins and their environments, particularly protein-membrane interactions. In addition, this approach can efficiently generate thermodynamically meaningful datasets of protein conformational space, which may enhance deep learning-based models for predicting protein conformation distributions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.628061</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiple-Basin Go-Martini for Investigating Conformational Transitions and Environmental Interactions of Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627977v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression Through Aging in Drosophila melanogaster Heads 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.11.627977v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Work in many systems has shown large-scale changes in gene expression during aging. However, many studies employ just two, arbitrarily-chosen timepoints at which to measure expression, and can only observe an increase or a decrease in expression between "young" and "old" animals, failing to capture any dynamic, non-linear changes that occur throughout the aging process. We used RNA sequencing to measure expression in male head tissue at 15 timepoints through the lifespan of an inbred Drosophila melanogaster strain. We detected >6,000 significant, age-related genes, nearly all of which have been seen in previous fly aging expression studies, and which include several known to harbor lifespan-altering mutations. We grouped our gene set into 28 clusters via their temporal expression change, observing a diversity of trajectories; some clusters show a linear change over time, while others show more complex, non-linear patterns. Notably, re-analysis of our dataset comparing the earliest and latest timepoints - mimicking a two-timepoint design - revealed fewer differentially-expressed genes (around 4,500). Additionally, those genes exhibiting complex expression trajectories in our multi-timepoint analysis were most impacted in this re-analysis; Their identification, and the inferred change in gene expression with age, was often dependent on the timepoints chosen. Informed by our trajectory-based clusters, we executed a series of gene enrichment analyses, identifying enriched functions/pathways in all clusters, including the commonly seen increase in stress- and immune-related gene expression with age. Finally, we developed a pair of accessible shiny apps to enable exploration of our differential expression and gene enrichment results.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.11.627977</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression Through Aging in Drosophila melanogaster Heads]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628698v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional diversification of the MADS-box gene family in fine-tuning the dimorphic transition of Talaromyces marneffei 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.16.628698v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The dynamic transition between yeast and hypha is a crucial adaptive mechanism for many human pathogenic fungi, including Talaromyces marneffei, a thermodimorphic fungus responsible for causing fatal talaromycosis. In the current study, we elucidated the roles of the MADS-box gene family in fine-tuning the dimorphic transition in T. marneffei through functional diversification. Utilizing adaptive laboratory evolution, we identified an enrichment of MADS-box genes in mutants deficient in yeast-to- mycelium transition. Further phylogenetic analyses revealed a significant expansion of MADS-box gene family within T. marneffei. Functional genetic manipulations revealed that overexpression of mads9, as opposed to its paralog mads10, effectively impeded the hyphal-to-yeast transition. Through integrating RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), we demonstrated that mads9 and the previously characterized madsA modulated the rate of hyphal-to-yeast conversion by orchestrating metabolic pathways and membrane dynamics, respectively, with mutual regulation via shared target genes. Our findings illuminated the distinct functional roles of the MADS-box family in regulating dimorphic transitions in T. marneffei, offering new insights into fungal adaptability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.16.628698</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional diversification of the MADS-box gene family in fine-tuning the dimorphic transition of Talaromyces marneffei]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatially barcoding biochemical reactions using DNA nanostructures unveil a major contact mechanism in proximity labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximity labeling techniques like TurboID and APEX2 have become pivotal tools in spatial omics research for studying protein interactions. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying these reactive species-mediated labelings, particularly the spatial patterns of labeling methods within the sub-m range, remain poorly understood. Here, we employed DNA nanostructure platforms to precisely measure the labeling radii of TurboID and APEX2 through in vitro assays. Our DNA nanoruler design enables the deployment of oligonucleotide-barcoded labeling targets with nanometer precision near the enzymes. By quantifying labeling yields using quantitative PCR and mapping them against target distances, we uncovered surprising insights into the labeling mechanisms. Contrary to the prevailing diffusive labeling model, our results demonstrate that TurboID primarily operates through contact-dependent labeling. Similarly, APEX2 shows high labeling efficiency within its direct contact range. In parallel, it exhibits a low-level diffusive labeling towards more distant phenols. These findings reframe our understanding in the mechanism of proximity labeling enzymes, at the same time highlight the potential of DNA nanotechnology in spatially profiling reactive species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatially barcoding biochemical reactions using DNA nanostructures unveil a major contact mechanism in proximity labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GlioME: A Novel Organoid Model Retaining the Glioma Mi-croenvironment for Personalized Drug Screening and Thera-peutic Evaluation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glioma is an aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Establishing an in vitro culture model that closely replicates the cellular composition and microenvironment of the original tumor has been challenging, limiting its clinical applications. Here, we present a novel approach to generate glioma organoids with a microenvironment (GlioME) from patient-derived glioma tissue. These organoids maintain the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of the primary tumor and preserve cell-to-cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including resident immune cells. Bulk RNA sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and DNA methylation analysis were used to confirm the molecular similarities between the organoids and primary glioma tissues. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to assess immune cell viability, comparing GlioME with floating glioma organoids. GlioME exhibited high responsiveness to chemotherapy and targeted therapy, demonstrating its potential for therapeutic screening applications. Notably, GlioME accurately predicted patient response to the recently approved MET inhibitor, vebreltinib. Thus, this organoid model provides a reliable in vitro platform for glioma microenvironment-related research and clinical drug screening.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GlioME: A Novel Organoid Model Retaining the Glioma Mi-croenvironment for Personalized Drug Screening and Thera-peutic Evaluation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629199v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DUSP6 is upregulated in metastasis and influences migration and metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629199v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by KRAS mutations in approximately 95% of cases. Despite recent advancements with KRAS inhibitors, therapeutic resistance has emerged, and combination approaches are needed. In particular, it is important to understand how downstream signaling of KRAS supports PDAC growth. For example, DUSP6, a dual-specificity phosphatase that modulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation and RAS pathway activity, has emerged as an important regulator of KRAS-MAPK signaling. Transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that DUSP6 is markedly overexpressed in PDAC tumors compared to non-tumoral pancreatic tissue. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals its upregulation in epithelial tumor cells, with further elevation in metastatic lesions relative to primary tumors. This upregulation correlates with the quasi-mesenchymal/squamous molecular subtype, and clinically, high DUSP6 expression is associated with poorer overall survival. Gene set enrichment analyses of metastatic samples indicate that DUSP6 is linked to pathways involved in cell migration and metabolism. To elucidate DUSP6s functional roles, stable knockdown of DUSP6 in PDAC cell lines resulted in increased ERK/MAPK activation and altered migratory capacity. Metabolic profiling showed enhanced basal glycolysis following DUSP6 suppression. However, combined inhibition of glycolysis and DUSP6 downregulation did not affect the migratory phenotype, indicating that glycolytic alterations do not drive migration. These findings highlight the dual and independent roles of DUSP6 in modulating migratory capacity and glycolysis in PDAC. This study underscores the significance of DUSP6 as a potential therapeutic target and provides new insights into its contributions to PDAC progression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDUSP6 plays dual and independent roles in pancreatic cancer, regulating both migration and glycolysis. Its upregulation in metastasis is associated with poor prognosis and more aggressive phenotypes, highlighting its clinical relevance. Targeting DUSP6 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to disrupt KRAS-MAPK signaling and target key pathways driving PDAC progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tannus Ruckert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinnon Walsh, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bye, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eades, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bednar, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyssiotis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VanSaun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva Silveira, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.20.629199</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DUSP6 is upregulated in metastasis and influences migration and metabolism in pancreatic cancer cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Palette of Bridged Bicycle-Strengthened Fluorophores 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.20.629585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Organic fluorophores are the keystone of advanced biological imaging. The vast chemical space of fluorophores has been extensively explored in seek of molecules with ideal properties. However, within the current molecular constraints, there appears to be a trade-off between high brightness, robust photostability, and tunable biochemical properties. Herein we report a general strategy to systematically boost the performance of donor-acceptor-type fluorophores by leveraging SO2 and O-substituted azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane auxochromes. These bicyclic heterocycles give rise to a collection of  Bridged dyes (BD) spanning the UV and visible range with top-notch quantum efficiencies, enhanced water solubility, and tunable cell-permeability. Notably, these azabicyclic fluorophores showed remarkable photostability than its tetramethyl or azatidine analogue, at the same time completely resistant to oxidative photobluing rendered by the Bredts rule. Functionalized BD dyes are tailored for applications in single-molecule imaging, super-resolution imaging (STED and SIM) in fixed or live mammalian cells and plant cells, and live zebrafish imaging or chemigenetic voltage imaging. Synergizing with advanced imaging methods, the bridge bicycle dyes represent a versatile palette for biological researches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.20.629585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Palette of Bridged Bicycle-Strengthened Fluorophores]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a novel peripherally acting alpha2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist for anti-diabetic 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.17.628818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Yohimbine, a potent alpha2A-adrenergic receptor (2AAR) antagonist, was found therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes through improving insulin release. However, the adverse side effects mediated by its actions in the brain hampered its use. Here, based on molecular docking analysis and structural modification, we have developed a novel peripherally acting yohimbine derivative (CDS479-2). CryoEM data found that yohimbine and CDS479-2 have similar interactions with the structure of 2AAR. Importantly, CDS479-2 shows similar 2AAR antagonist activity as yohimbine, but with very limited access to the brain, and thus avoiding the unwanted central effects such as hypertension and anxiety. Acute administration of CDS479-2 by injection or gavage lowered blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in the high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, an animal model for human type 2 diabetes. Remarkably, DIO mice received 2 weeks of daily administration of CDS479-2, but not yohimbine, exhibited sustained normoglycaemia, and increased density of the insulin-producing beta cells, in which important proliferation genes were found upregulated. Moreover, the overall protein expression levels of their pancreas were more similar to that of the healthy chow-fed mice. Thus, CDS479-2 may indicate a new direction for type 2 diabetes treatment. Importantly, the strategy we employed in this study will inspire the optimization for drugs that with both peripheral and central targets.

Graphic abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=166 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/628818v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.-a.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.17.628818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a novel peripherally acting alpha2A-adrenergic receptor antagonist for anti-diabetic]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.627112v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Red-shifted GRAB acetylcholine sensors for multiplex imaging in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.627112v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is essential in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies highlight the significance of interactions between ACh and various neuromodulators in regulating complex behaviors. The ability to simultaneously image ACh and other neuromodulators can provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. Here, we developed a series of red fluorescent G protein-coupled receptor activation-based (GRAB) ACh sensors, with a wide detection range and expanded spectral profile. The high-affinity sensor, rACh1h, reliably detects ACh release in various brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex. Moreover, rACh1h can be co-expressed with green fluorescent sensors in order to record ACh release together with other neurochemicals in various behavioral contexts using fiber photometry and two-photon imaging, with high spatiotemporal resolution. These new ACh sensors can therefore provide valuable new insights regarding the functional role of the cholinergic system under both physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.22.627112</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Red-shifted GRAB acetylcholine sensors for multiplex imaging in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.629999v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo multiplex imaging of dynamic neurochemical networks with designed far-red dopamine sensors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.629999v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurochemical signals like dopamine (DA) play a crucial role in a variety of brain functions through intricate interactions with other neuromodulators and intracellular signaling pathways. However, studying these complex networks has been hindered by the challenge of detecting multiple neurochemicals in vivo simultaneously. To overcome this limitation, we developed a single-protein chemigenetic DA sensor, HaloDA1.0, which combines a cpHaloTag-chemical dye approach with the G protein-coupled receptor activation-based (GRAB) strategy, providing high sensitivity for DA, sub-second response kinetics, and an extensive spectral range from far-red to near-infrared. When used together with existing green and red fluorescent neuromodulator sensors, Ca2+ indicators, cAMP sensors, and optogenetic tools, HaloDA1.0 provides high versatility for multiplex imaging in cultured neurons, brain slices, and behaving animals, facilitating in-depth studies of dynamic neurochemical networks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhang, k.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grimm, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnsson, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schreiter, E. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lavis, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.22.629999</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo multiplex imaging of dynamic neurochemical networks with designed far-red dopamine sensors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.630011v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic activation of the human phosphate exporter XPR1 by KIDINS220 and inositol pyrophosphate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.22.630011v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is fundamental to life, and its intracellular concentration must be tightly regulated to prevent toxicity. XPR1, the only known phosphate exporter, plays a crucial role in maintaining this delicate balance. However, the mechanisms underlying the function and regulation of XPR1 remain elusive until now. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human XPR1-KIDINS220 complex in both substrate-free closed states and substrate-bound outward-open states, as well as the structure of an XPR1 mutant alone in a substrate-bound inward-facing state. In the presence of inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) and phosphate, the XPR1-KIDINS220 complex adopts an outward-open conformation. InsP6 binds both the SPX domain and the peripheral juxtamembrane regions of XPR1, indicative of an active phosphate-export state. Conversely, in the absence of either phosphate or InsP6, the complex assumes a closed state, where the extracellular half of transmembrane 9 occupies the outward cavity, and a C-terminal plug-in loop blocks the intracellular cavity. Notably, XPR1 without KIDINS220 adopts a closed state despite the presence of phosphate and InsP6. The functional mutagenesis experiments further demonstrate that InsP6, whose concentrations fluctuate in response to Pi availability, functions synergistically with KIDINS220 to regulate the phosphate export activity of XPR1. These findings not only elucidate the intricate mechanisms of cellular phosphate regulation but also hold promise for the development of targeted therapies for ovarian cancer, where XPR1 plays a significant role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zuo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.22.630011</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic activation of the human phosphate exporter XPR1 by KIDINS220 and inositol pyrophosphate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629662v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A self-limiting Sterile Insect Technique alternative for Ceratitis capitata 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.629662v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetic biocontrol systems have broad applications in population control of insects implicated in both disease spread and food security. In this study we establish and characterise a novel split-CRISPR/Cas9 system we term Sex Conversion Induced by CRISPR (SCIC) in Ceratitis capitata (the Mediterranean fruit fly), a major agricultural pest with a global distribution. Using the white eye gene for toolkit selection, we achieved up to 100% CRISPR/Cas9 efficiency, displaying the feasibility of C. capitata split-CRISPR/Cas9 systems using constitutive promoters. We then induce sex-conversion by targeting the transformer gene in a SCIC approach aimed for SIT-mediated releases upon radiation-based sterilisation. Knock-out of transformer induced partial to full female-to-male sex-conversion, with remaining individuals all being intersex and sterile. SCIC population modelling shows superior performance to traditional population control strategies, allowing for faster population elimination with fewer released sterile males. Our results build the foundation for further genetic pest control methods of C. capitata and related tephritid agricultural pests.

Significance statementAgricultural industry faces increasing threat from a multitude of pests including the domineering tephritid fruit flies. Genetic engineering of these pests has been recently tested to develop more efficient and affordable population control strategies. Here, we develop a new approach to improve existing population control measures by testing it in one of the most famous and dangerous tephritids, the Mediterranean fruit fly. Through optimisation, we achieved desired outcomes: female fly absence achieved via semi and full female-to-male sex conversion by CRISPR-mediated genome editing through gene mutations. For the first time in this insect, we used a split, and thus inducible, approach for such genome editing. Our work holds the potential to significantly improve tephritid population control strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davydova, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prince, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mann, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kandul, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braswell, W. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akbari, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meccariello, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.629662</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A self-limiting Sterile Insect Technique alternative for Ceratitis capitata]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630007v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Atypical Visual Selective Attention in Children with Dyslexia: Evidence from N2pc and PD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630007v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient visual attention is fundamental to the development of reading abilities. Previous studies have identified visual attention impairments in individuals with dyslexia, particularly in visual attention span and sluggish attention shifting. However, findings regarding basic visual selective attention remain controversial. To address this issue, the present study provides event-related potential (ERP) evidence to verify whether children with developmental dyslexia (DD) suffered from deficits in visual selective attention. A pop-out visual search task was used to examine visual attentional patterns to a lateral target in 66 children (33 children with DD and 33 typically developing (TD) children) using electroencephalography. Compared to TD children, children with DD showed a larger and prolonged P1 component, as well as a larger target-evoked N2pc component. The larger P1 amplitude was associated with lower reading fluency while the larger N2pc amplitude was associated with poor reading comprehension performance. Interestingly, the target-elicited N2pc was followed by positivity (PD component) in TD children but not in children with DD; however, the N2pc amplitude was correlated with the PD amplitude in children with DD. Children with DD show immature early attentional processing and may have an imbalance in the regulation of visual selective attention between attentional selection and suppression. Our findings provide ERP evidence for interpreting the underlying neural mechanism of visual selective attention in children with DD and may offer a new perspective for exploring the mechanism of visual attention deficits in dyslexia.

Research HighlightsO_LIIn a pop-out visual search task, children with dyslexia exhibited a larger N2pc and an absent PD component.
C_LIO_LIThe absence of the PD component in children with dyslexia may be associated with their larger N2pc amplitudes.
C_LIO_LIN2pc amplitude is associated with reading ability in children with dyslexia.
C_LIO_LIChildren with dyslexia need to allocate more resources towards the target but also struggle to disengage from the attended location.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.24.630007</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Atypical Visual Selective Attention in Children with Dyslexia: Evidence from N2pc and PD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630236v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide Mapping Eukaryotic Open Chromatin Regions with Double-Stranded DNA Deaminase 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.24.630236v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A variety of methods such as ATAC-seq and CUT&Tag have been developed for probing chromatin states. However, enzymatic cleavage of DNA in these methods hinders their multi-omics integration with other DNA profiling techniques. Here, by extending our use of dsDNA deaminase (FOOtprinting with DeamInasE, FOODIE), we introduce two new methods for mapping Chromatin Open region by DeamInasE (ChrODIE) and histone modification by ANtibody-associated DeamInasE (ANDIE), respectively. Unlike cleavage-based methods, both ChrODIE and ANDIE leave genomic DNA after deamination unfragmented and amplifiable. This offers the potential for simultaneous or downstream integration with other genomic profiling methods, such as mapping 3D genome interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.24.630236</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide Mapping Eukaryotic Open Chromatin Regions with Double-Stranded DNA Deaminase]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630033v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Systematic Benchmarking of High-Throughput Subcellular Spatial Transcriptomics Platforms 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.23.630033v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics technologies have significantly enhanced resolution and throughput, underscoring an urgent need for systematic benchmarking. To address this, we collected clinical samples from three cancer types - colon adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ovarian cancer - and generated serial tissue sections for systematic evaluation. Using these uniformly processed samples, we generated spatial transcriptomics data across five high-throughput platforms with subcellular resolution: Stereo-seq v1.3, Visium HD FFPE, Visium HD FF, CosMx 6K, and Xenium 5K. To establish ground truth datasets, we profiled proteins from adjacent tissue sections corresponding to all five platforms using CODEX and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the same samples. Leveraging manual cell segmentation and detailed annotations, we systematically assessed each platforms performance across key metrics, including capture sensitivity, specificity, diffusion control, cell segmentation, cell annotation, spatial clustering, and transcript-protein alignment with adjacent CODEX. The uniformly generated, processed, and annotated multi-omics dataset is valuable for advancing computational method development and biological discoveries. The dataset is accessible via SPATCH, a user-friendly web server for visualization and download (http://spatch.pku-genomics.org/).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.23.630033</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Systematic Benchmarking of High-Throughput Subcellular Spatial Transcriptomics Platforms]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.25.630291v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Morphological Plasticity and Reproductive Strategies of Kalanchoe Species in Invasive Spread 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.25.630291v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Kalanchoe species, originally introduced worldwide as ornamentals, are now reported to be spreading in many regions, including China. It is hypothesized that morphological plasticity and the production of asexual plantlets contribute to their successful invasion. To address the hypothesis, four species - Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh., Kalanchoe x houghtonii D. B. Ward, Kalanchoe laetivirens Desc. and Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier - were cultivated under contrasting light and water conditions, and their reproductive and vegetative traits were examined. The plants subjected to high light tended to prioritize plantlet production, accompanied by a reduction in vegetative growth. Two distinct reproductive strategies were observed: K. delagoensis and K. x houghtonii significantly increased plantlet production under high light conditions, whereas K. daigremontiana and K. laetivirens enhanced the fresh weight of individual plantlets without altering the total number produced. These results highlight the high plasticity of vegetative and reproductive growth in response to light and water availability. The increased production of plantlets may contribute to the widespread occurrence of Kalanchoe species in open fields.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sugiura, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamori, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.25.630291</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Morphological Plasticity and Reproductive Strategies of Kalanchoe Species in Invasive Spread]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630389v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MethylQUEEN: A Methylation Encoded DNA Foundation Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630389v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) modification plays a pivotal role in many biological processes, yet 5mC information and pattern hidden behind remains to be explored. Here, we develop Methylation Language Model based on Quintuple Bidirectional Transformer (MethylQUEEN), a novel pre-trained DNA methylation foundation model capable of sensing methylation states and covering the genome-wide methylation landscape. Through tailored methylation-prone pre-training, MethylQUEEN effectively captured epigenetics information hidden within the DNA sequences: it accurately traces DNAs tissue-of-origin, and successfully recovers the expression profile through methylation states. Integrative analysis on MethylQUEENs attention scores also enables us to reveal the unique methylation status of a tissue for precise disease detection, and identifying key regulatory 5mC sites for disease intervention. As a result, MethylQUEEN signifies a new paradigm in methylation analysis for various biological problems. Besides, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of directly integrating methylation information into pre-training, offering new perspectives and methodologies for a range of methylation-related biological processes. It serves as an initial exploration for the development of more comprehensive epigenomic models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.26.630389</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MethylQUEEN: A Methylation Encoded DNA Foundation Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluctuation-Driven Synergy, Redundancy, Signal to Noise Ratio and Error Correction in Protein Allostery 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.26.630391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study explores the relationship between residue fluctuations and molecular communication in proteins, emphasizing the role of these dynamics in allosteric regulation. We employ computational tools including the Gaussian Network Model, mutual information, and interaction information, to analyze how stochastic interactions among residues contribute to functional interactions while also introducing noise. Our approach is based on the postulate that residues experience continuous stochastic bombardment from impulses generated by their neighbors, forming a complex network characterized by small-world scaling topology. By mapping these interactions through the Kirchhoff matrix framework, we demonstrate how conserved correlations enhance signaling pathways and provide stability against noise-like fluctuations. Notably, we highlight the importance of selecting relevant eigenvalues to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio in our analyses, a topic that has yet to be thoroughly investigated in the context of residue fluctuations. This work underscores the significance of viewing proteins as adaptive information processing systems, and emphasizes the fundamental mechanisms of biological information processing. The basic idea of this paper is the following: Given two interacting residues on an allosteric path, what are the contributions of the remaining residues on this interaction. This naturally leads to the concept of synergy, redundancy and noise in proteins, which we analyze in detail for three proteins CheY, Tyrosine Phosphatase and {beta}-Lactoglobulin.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.26.630391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluctuation-Driven Synergy, Redundancy, Signal to Noise Ratio and Error Correction in Protein Allostery]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630498v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AtKC1 inhibits AtAKT1 activation via its amino-terminal inhibitory domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630498v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AKT1 is a plant Shaker-like, hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel which plays a crucial role in K+ absorption. Besides phosphorylation, AKT1 is subject to negative regulation by AtKC1, a silent channel of the same family. Previous structural studies unveiled that AKT1 and AtKC1 form 2:2 heterotetramer in purified samples. However, the structural analysis failed to offer more insight into the inhibition mechanism of AKT1 activation by AtKC1. Here, inspecting the complex structure of AKT1-AtKC1 reveals that a stable domain of AtKC1 (residues 53 to 80), named inhibitory domain or I-domain, may inhibit AKT1 activation by stabilizing its depolarized, closed conformation. We confirmed this hypothesis with electrophysiological experiments. Interestingly, a single-point mutation (G315D) in AtKC1 has been reported to abolish its ability to inhibit AKT1. We solved the structure of AKT1-AtKC1(G315D) at a resolution of 2.8 [A] which revealed an unexpected stoichiometry alteration between AKT1 and AtKC1 from 2:2 to 3:1. This stoichiometry change further supports the hypothesis as we reason that single I-domain of AtKC1 in the channel complex is insufficient to effectively inhibit channel activation. Our findings reveal the inhibition mechanism of AtKC1 on AKT1 and offer insight into the regulatory mechanisms of hyperpolarization-activated channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.27.630498</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AtKC1 inhibits AtAKT1 activation via its amino-terminal inhibitory domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Keratin 16 spatially inhibits type I interferon responses in stressed skin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.27.630544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The stress-induced keratin 16 is broadly used as a biomarker in inflammatory skin disorders while pathogenic variants in KRT16 cause pachyonychia congenita (PC), a condition in which differentiation and homeostasis are disrupted in palmoplantar epidermis and epithelial appendages. How K16 impacts these disorders at a molecular level is poorly understood. Here we report that K16 spatially restricts type I interferon (IFN) signaling and innate immunity in palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) lesions in PC patients, imiquimod- and phorbol ester-induced models of sterile inflammation in mouse skin, and poly(I:C)-treated human keratinocytes ex vivo. Mechanistically, K16 interacts with effectors of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) pathway, including 14-3-3{varepsilon}, and inhibits the 14-3-3{varepsilon}:RIG-I interaction upstream of IFN activation. Topical application of the JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib reduces the severity of PC-PPK-like lesions in Krt16 null mice. These findings uncover a new paradigm for keratin-dependent regulation of innate immunity and suggest a new approach to PC treatment.

One sentence summaryKRT16 negatively regulates type I interferon signaling and innate immune responses in the skin, offering insight into the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases including pachyonychia congenita, psoriasis and others.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cohen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orosco, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsoi, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gudsonsson, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parent, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coulombe, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.27.630544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Keratin 16 spatially inhibits type I interferon responses in stressed skin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630590v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic Coupling and Entropy Changes in KRAS G12D Mutation: Insights into Molecular Flexibility, Allostery and Function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.28.630590v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oncogenic G12D mutation in KRAS is a major driver of cancer progression, yet the complete mechanism by which this mutation alters protein dynamics and function remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate how the G12D mutation alters KRASs conformational landscape and residue-residue interactions using molecular dynamics simulations coupled with entropy calculations and mutual information (MI) analysis. We demonstrate that the mutation increases local entropy at key functional residues (D12, Y32, G60, and Q61), and introduces new peaks to the Ramachandran angles, disrupting the precise structural alignment necessary for GTP hydrolysis. Notably, while individual residue entropy increases, joint entropy analysis shows a complex reorganization pattern. MI analysis identifies enhanced dynamic coupling between distant residues, suggesting that the mutation establishes new long-range interactions that stabilize the active state. These findings show how G12D mutation redefines KRASs dynamic network, leading to persistent activation through enhanced residue coupling rather than mere local disruption. Our results suggest novel therapeutic strategies focused on modulating protein dynamics rather than targeting specific binding sites, potentially offering new approaches to combat KRAS-driven cancers.

HighlightsO_LIThe G12D mutation increases entropy and mutual information between residue pairs, resulting in more correlated motions due to enhanced flexibility.
C_LIO_LICharacteristic features of local and long-range allostery in wild-type (WT) and G12D KRAS are determined using structural proximity and mutual information analysis.
C_LIO_LIThe dynamics of KRAS interactions with its natural ligand atoms and the coordination of bridging water molecules provide insights into the changes induced by the G12D mutation.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hacisuleyman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuret, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.28.630590</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic Coupling and Entropy Changes in KRAS G12D Mutation: Insights into Molecular Flexibility, Allostery and Function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.30.630826v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNAGenesis: Foundation Model for Enhanced RNA Sequence Generation and Structural Insights 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.30.630826v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA molecules are central to gene regulation, catalysis, and molecular recognition, and offer broad opportunities for therapeutic applications. However, uncovering their complex sequence, structure, and function relationships, particularly for non-coding RNAs, remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce RNAGenesis, a Generalist RNA foundation model that integrates sequence representation, structural prediction, and de novo functional design within a single generative framework. Trained on diverse clustered non-coding RNAs, RNAGenesis leverages a BERT-style encoder, query-based latent compression, and a diffusion-guided decoder enhanced by inference-time alignment with gradient guidance and beam search strategies. Through comprehensive evaluations, RNAGenesis achieves state-of-the-art performance on 11 of 13 tasks in the BEACON benchmark and surpasses structure-aware models in inverse folding, 3D structure prediction, and de novo structure design. We further introduce RNATx-Bench, a dedicated benchmark for RNA therapeutics comprising over 100,000 experimentally validated sequences. RNAGenesis demonstrates strong predictive performance across ASOs, siRNAs, shRNAs, circRNAs, and untranslated region (UTR) variants. Furthermore, RNAGenesis enables functional RNA design, including aptamers targeting IGFBP3 and structurally constrained sgRNA scaffolds. Wet-lab validation confirms aptamer binding with KD values as low as 4.02 nM and up to 2.5-fold improvement in editing efficiency across CRISPR-Cas9, base editing, and prime editing systems. These results position RNAGenesis as a next-generation general-purpose RNA foundation model with broad utility for computational modeling and experimental therapeutic design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2024-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.30.630826</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNAGenesis: Foundation Model for Enhanced RNA Sequence Generation and Structural Insights]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2024-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.629942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZapA employs a two-pronged mechanism to facilitate Z ring formation in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.629942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tubulin-like protein FtsZ assembles into the Z ring which leads to the assembly and activation of the division machinery in most bacteria. ZapA, a widely conserved protein that interacts with FtsZ, plays a pivotal role in organizing FtsZ filaments into a coherent Z ring. Previous studies revealed that ZapA forms a dumbbell-like tetramer that binds cooperatively to FtsZ filaments and aligns them in parallel, leading to the straightening and organization of FtsZ filament bundles. However, how ZapA interacts with FtsZ remains obscure. In this study, we uncover how ZapA interacts with FtsZ to facilitate Z ring formation in Escherichia coli. We find that mutations affecting surface exposed residues at the junction between adjacent FtsZ subunits in a filament as well as in an N-terminal motif of FtsZ weaken its interaction with ZapA in vivo and in vitro, indicating that ZapA binds to these regions of FtsZ. Consistent with this, ZapA prefers FtsZ polymers over monomeric FtsZ molecules and site-specific crosslinking confirmed that the dimer head domain of ZapA is in contact with the junction of FtsZ subunits. As a result, disruption of the putative interaction interfaces between FtsZ and ZapA abolishes the midcell localization of ZapA. Taken together, our results suggest that ZapA tetramers grab the N-terminal tails of FtsZ and then bind to the junctions between FtsZ subunits in the filament to straighten and crosslink parallel FtsZ filaments into the Z ring.

SignificanceZapA is a widely conserved FtsZ-associated protein that promotes the organization of the Z ring, the key cytoskeletal element in the bacterial divisome. Although ZapA is known to crosslink FtsZ filaments, how it interacts with FtsZ remains enigmatic. In this study, we find that E. coli ZapA utilizes a dual binding mode in which it binds the junction between FtsZ subunits in a filament and to an N-terminal motif in FtsZ so that it can straighten and crosslink parallel FtsZ filaments simultaneously. Since the junction is formed when FtsZ polymerizes and falls apart when FtsZ depolymerizes, this interaction mode indicates that ZapA employs the polymerization dynamics of FtsZ to organize the filaments into the Z ring.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.629942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZapA employs a two-pronged mechanism to facilitate Z ring formation in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630858v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A kinetic model for USP14 regulated substrate degradation in 26S proteasome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.12.31.630858v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite high-resolution structural studies on the USP14-proteasome-substrate complexes, time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) results on USP14-regulated allostery of the 26S proteasome are still very limited and a quantitative understanding of substrate degradation dynamics remains elusive. In this study, we propose a mean field model of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for USP14 regulated substrate degradation in 26S proteasome. The kinetic model incorporates recent cryo-EM findings on the allostery of 26S proteasome and generates results in good agreement with time-resolved experimental observations. The model elucidates that USP14 typically reduces the substrate degradation rate and reveals the functional dependence of this rate on the concentrations of substrate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the substrate for different ATP concentrations is predicted. When multiple substrates are present, the model suggests that substrates that are easier to insert into the OB-ring and disengage from the proteasome, or less likely to undergo deubiquitination would be more favored to be degraded by the USP14-bound proteasome.

Author SummaryThe proteasome is a crucial protein complex involved in the degradation of damaged or unnecessary proteins within cells, requiring ATP and ubiquitin for its functioning. It is regulated by cellular factors that transiently associate with it, often referred to as proteasome-associated proteins. USP14 is such a protein that activates its deubiquitination activity through reversible binding to the proteasome, thereby decreasing the substrate degradation activity of the proteasome. In this study, we developed a kinetic model to describe how USP14 regulates substrate degradation in proteasome based on recent experimental findings. The model yields result consistent with experimental observations, demonstrating that the mean-field description of mass action law for chemical reactions also applies to complex biomolecular machineries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2024.12.31.630858</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A kinetic model for USP14 regulated substrate degradation in 26S proteasome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631031v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IFN-γ signaling is required for the efficient replication of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strain JHM in the brains of infected mice. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.631031v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurotropic viruses are a major public health concern as they can cause encephalitis and other severe brain diseases. Many of these viruses, including flaviviruses, herpesviruses, rhabdoviruses and alphaviruses enter the brain through the olfactory neuroepithelium (ONE) in the olfactory bulbs (OB). Due to the low percentage of encephalitis that occurs following these infections, its thought that the OBs have specialized innate immune responses to eliminate viruses. Murine hepatitis virus strain JHM (JHMV) is a model coronavirus that causes severe encephalitis in mice and can access the brain through olfactory sensory neurons. Weve shown that a JHMV Mac1-mutant virus, N1347A, has decreased replication and disease in the brains of mice. Here we further show that this virus replicates poorly in the OB. However, it is unknown which innate immune factors restrict N1347A replication in the OB. RNA seq analysis of infected olfactory bulbs showed that IFN{gamma} was upregulated in the OB while IFN-{beta} was barely detectable at 5 days post-infection. To determine if IFN-{gamma} restricts JHMV N1347A replication, we utilized IFN-{gamma} and IFN-{gamma} receptor (IFN-{gamma}R) knockout (KO) mice. Surprisingly we found that JHMV WT and N1347A replicated very poorly in the OB and whole brains of both IFN-{gamma} and IFN-{gamma}R KO mice following intranasal infection, though survival and weight loss were unaltered. Furthermore, we determined that microglia were the primary cells producing IFN-{gamma} during the early stages of this infection. We conclude that IFN-{gamma} is required for the efficient replication of JHMV in the brains of infected mice.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kerr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Proctor-Roser, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parthasarathy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>OConnor, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orozco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.01.631031</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IFN-γ signaling is required for the efficient replication of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strain JHM in the brains of infected mice.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.04.631262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA denaturation underlies circular RNA separation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.04.631262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In vitro synthesized circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a promising drug modality for RNA therapeutics due to their improved stability and reduced immunogenicity. However, effective analysis and purification of circRNAs pose critical challenges arising from the insufficient separation of circRNAs and linear RNA byproducts. In this study, we systematically evaluate the effectiveness of gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography - size exclusion chromatography (HPLC-SEC) for separating circRNAs synthesized through ligase- or ribozyme-based strategies. While the synthesis strategy dictates the purification complexity, we demonstrate that both techniques rely on RNA denaturation to successfully separate circRNAs. Additionally, when using HPLC-SEC, we show that even a trace amount of magnesium ions in RNA samples can significantly compromise circRNA separation. Under optimized denaturing conditions, HPLC-SEC enables circRNA purification directly from diluted crude in vitro transcription products, thus streamlining the purification process. Our study provides mechanistic insights into circRNA separation, advancing the purity and scalability of circRNA-based therapeutics.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=81 SRC="FIGDIR/small/631262v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (16K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@884e54org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ce712corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16816aforg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a94e58_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kjems, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.04.631262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA denaturation underlies circular RNA separation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.04.631292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Allosteric Residue Dynamics in Insulin: Temperature Induces Shift from Dihexamer to Hexamer Collective Motion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.04.631292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Structures using X-ray diffraction data collected to 2.3 [A], 2.85 [A], and 2.88 [A] resolutions have been determined for the long-acting dihexamer insulin at three different temperatures ranging from 100{degrees}K to 300{degrees}K. It is determined that the unit-cell value of insulin crystal at 100{degrees}K temperature has changed at 200{degrees}K temperature. This change might be due primarily to subtle repacking of the molecule and loss of noncovalent interactions of myristic acid that binds two hexamers, exhibiting the largest movements. Computational analyses show that allosteric residues and fatty-acid binding residue of insulin hexamers display reduced overall collectivity and inter-residue coupling, likely arising from crystal mosaicity increase and structural fluctuations through elevated thermal motion. This breakpoint has been observed at a characteristic temperature of 200{degrees}K, perhaps emphasizing underlying alterations in the dynamic structure of the fatty acid-solvent interface in dimer of hexamer. Combined with computational analysis, findings reveal key insights into thermal stability mechanisms crucial for developing thermostable insulin formulations in industrial applications.

TeaserTemperature-driven shifts in insulins structure reveal dynamic changes crucial for enhancing thermal stability in drug formulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ayan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.04.631292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Allosteric Residue Dynamics in Insulin: Temperature Induces Shift from Dihexamer to Hexamer Collective Motion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.05.631353v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An arginine switch drives the stepwise activation of β-arrestin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.05.631353v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
{beta}-arrestins ({beta}arrs) play a crucial role in regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and trafficking. Canonically, interactions of {beta}arr with the phosphorylated intracellular GPCR-tail induce a multi-step conformational transition that results in the activation of {beta}arr. Depending on the specific interaction pattern with the receptor, {beta}arrs adopt multiple conformational states, each tightly linked to a specific functional outcome of {beta}arr recruitment. Despite its physiological relevance, the structural determinants of {beta}arr activation remain poorly understood. Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical and cell-based experiments, we reveal how specific interactions with a prototypical GPCR promote the unbinding of the {beta}arr2 C-tail--a crucial step in arrestin activation. Importantly, we observe that the expulsion of the C-tail is promoted by the displacement of a conserved arginine residue (Arg394) within the {beta}arr polar core, which we dub "the arginine switch." Our study uncovers a previously unknown molecular switch that, upon engagement, destabilizes the polar core as a crucial step in the GPCR-induced {beta}arr activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ji, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepniewski, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoon, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.05.631353</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An arginine switch drives the stepwise activation of β-arrestin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.630792v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Endocannabinoids facilitate transitory reward engagement through retrograde gain control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.06.630792v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuromodulatory signaling is poised to serve as a neural mechanism for gain control, acting as a crucial tuning factor to influence neuronal activity by dynamically shaping excitatory and inhibitory fast neurotransmission. The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system, the most widely expressed neuromodulatory system in the mammalian brain, is known to filter excitatory and inhibitory inputs through retrograde, pre-synaptic action. However, whether eCBs exert retrograde gain control to ultimately facilitate reward-seeking behaviors in freely moving mammals is not established. Using a suite of in vivo physiological, imaging, genetic and machine learning-based approaches, we report a fundamental role for eCBs in controlling behavioral engagement in reward-seeking behavior through a defined thalamo-striatal circuit.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marcus, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>English, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seth, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oomen, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piantadosi, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zweifel, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Land, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stella, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruchas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.06.630792</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Endocannabinoids facilitate transitory reward engagement through retrograde gain control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631730v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of Elp3 impairs the maturation tempo of brain ependymal cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.07.631730v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Conditional deletion of Elp3 in the mouse forebrain leads to microcephaly at birth. In this study, we demonstrate that these mice also develop postnatal hydrocephalus, associated with an enlargement of the brain ventricles. In wild-type mice, ependymal motile cilia are properly aligned to facilitate the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles. Our findings reveal that Elp3 loss induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and upregulation of ATF4 expression in ependymal cell progenitors, which compromises Notch signaling and accelerates their maturation. This is accompanied by a disruption in the establishment of rotational and translational polarities of the motile cilia of maturing ependymal cells, resulting in disorganized cilia bundles. Collectively, these molecular abnormalities lead to the premature and abnormal development of ependymal cells, culminating in cilia beating dysfunction, impaired CSF clearance, and the development of hydrocephalus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tielens, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huysseune, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thelen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlet-Briart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyskens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oskera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutsen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mateo-Sanchez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delacroix, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Labedan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiry, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malgrange, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chariot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissir, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Creppe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seuntjens, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laguesse, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.07.631730</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of Elp3 impairs the maturation tempo of brain ependymal cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631986v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AR-V7 condensates drive androgen-independent transcription in castration resistant prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.08.631986v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates organize cellular environments and regulate key processes such as transcription. We previously showed that full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL), a major oncogenic driver in prostate cancer (PCa), forms nuclear condensates upon androgen stimulation in androgen-sensitive PCa cells. Disrupting these condensates impairs AR-FL transcriptional activity, highlighting their functional importance. However, resistance to androgen deprivation therapy often leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), driven by constitutively active splice variants like AR variant 7 (AR-V7). The mechanisms underlying AR-V7s role in CRPC remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the condensate-forming ability of AR-V7 and compared its phase behavior with AR-FL across a spectrum of PCa models and in vitro conditions. Our findings indicate that cellular context can influence AR-V7s condensate-forming capacity. Unlike AR-FL, AR-V7 spontaneously forms condensates in the absence of androgen stimulation and functions independently of AR-FL in CRPC models. However, AR-V7 requires a higher concentration to form condensates, both in cellular contexts and in vitro. We further reveal that AR-V7 drives transcription via both condensate-dependent and condensate-independent mechanisms. Using an AR-V7 mutant incapable of forming condensates, while retaining nuclear localization and DNA-binding ability, we reveal that the condensate-dependent regime activates part of the oncogenic KRAS pathway in CRPC models. Genes under this condensate-dependent regime were found to harbor significantly higher numbers of AR-binding sites and exhibited boosted expression in response to AR-V7. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized role of AR-V7 condensate formation in driving oncogenic transcriptional programs and shed light on its unique contribution to CRPC progression.

HighlightsO_LIAR-V7 condensates form independently of both androgens and AR-FL in CRPC models.
C_LIO_LIAR-V7 mediates condensate-dependent and independent transcription
C_LIO_LICondensate-dependent transcription enables boosted expression of oncogenic KRAS genes
C_LIO_LICondensate-dependent genes exhibit an exponential increase in expression, with a higher number of AR binding sites potentially playing a key role in their reliance on condensate formation.
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=99 SRC="FIGDIR/small/631986v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16b50d1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@86e3b6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cfe7f3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8532a2_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Massah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinette, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Datta, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bell, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haegert, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Terrado, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Volik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Le Bihan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gleave, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lallous, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rhie, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Collins, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gsponer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631986</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AR-V7 condensates drive androgen-independent transcription in castration resistant prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632131v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD20+ natural killer cells are polyfunctional, memory-like cells that are enriched in inflammatory disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.09.632131v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While CD20 was initially characterized as a B cell-specific marker, its expression on memory T cells has expanded our understanding of this molecules distribution and function. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized CD20-expressing NK cell population and demonstrate its functional significance. CD56+CD20+ NK cells exhibit hallmarks of cellular activation, including elevated NKp46, CD69, and CD137 expression, enhanced proliferative capacity, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines (IFN-{gamma}, GM-CSF, TNF-, IL-10). Functional analyses revealed enhanced cytotoxicity against K562 targets, correlating with increased expression of cytolytic mediators including granzymes A, B, and K, perforin, FASL, and TRAIL. Single-cell transcriptional profiling demonstrated that MS4A1-expressing NK cells possess a distinct molecular signature characterized by elevated granzyme K expression and memory-like features. These cells preferentially localize to secondary lymphoid organs and accumulate in inflammatory tissues. Notably, CD56+CD20+ NK cells are enriched in multiple inflammatory conditions, including multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, hepatitis B infection, hepatocellular carcinoma, and lung cancer. Treatment with rituximab depletes this population, suggesting potential therapeutic implications. Our findings establish CD20+ NK cells as a functionally distinct lymphocyte subset with enhanced effector capabilities and tissue-homing properties, providing new insights into immune regulation in inflammatory diseases.

One Sentence SummaryOur study reveals expression of CD20 by NK cells, in relation with enhanced functionality, memory-like features, and inflammation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albayrak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiryaki, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkaya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizilirmak, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokmenoglu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulukan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzulmez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baytekin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soylu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esendagli, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinl, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koseoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erus, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arikan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeybel, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soysal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meinl, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.09.632131</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD20+ natural killer cells are polyfunctional, memory-like cells that are enriched in inflammatory disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular detection of a cryptic salamander: Development of an eDNA assay for the detection of the mud salamander (Pseudotriton montanus). 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.12.632641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The mud salamander (Pseudotriton montanus) is a notoriously cryptic semi-aquatic Plethodontid found throughout much of the eastern United States, reports of decades passing between observations of this species in areas of known occurrence are common. Although it is listed as imperiled or in need of conservation throughout much of its range, with extirpation suspected in many areas, relatively little is known of its current distribution due to its secretive nature. We developed a species-specific qPCR assay for use in eDNA detection of Pseudotriton montanus. Primers and probe were designed based on cytochrome b sequences obtained from specimens collected in central and eastern KY, compared to published sequences throughout the species range, and screened in silico (twenty-seven species) and in vitro (seventeen species) for specificity against sympatric salamander species. The developed assay was field tested via the collection of water samples at sites known or suspected to contain P. montanus in Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee. Of the 68 samples collected, P. montanus eDNA was detected in eight, including all sites (six) in which P. montanus larvae were observed in the field. Sequencing of each environmentally-obtained amplicon confirmed detection of P. montanus diastictus. This work provides thoroughly vetted tools that should prove useful for future monitoring and range delineation of this threatened and cryptic species.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brammell, B. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brewer, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoogerheide, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.12.632641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular detection of a cryptic salamander: Development of an eDNA assay for the detection of the mud salamander (Pseudotriton montanus).]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.13.632671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Painting Peptides with Antimicrobial Potency through Deep Reinforcement Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.13.632671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the post-antibiotic era, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve as ideal drug candidates for their lower likelihood of inducing resistance. Computational models offer an efficient way to design novel AMPs. However, current optimization and generation approaches are tailored for different application scenarios. To address this challenge, we propose a novel AMP design model named AMPainter. Based on deep reinforcement learning, AMPainter integrates both optimization and generation tasks in a unified framework. We apply AM-Painter to three types of peptides, including known AMPs, signal peptides (SPs), and random sequences. AMPainter outperforms ten related models in enhancing the activity of known AMPs, and evolves effective AMPs from membrane-active SPs with a success rate of 80%. Furthermore, several de novo designed AMPs from random sequences are validated along with their evolutionary paths. Therefore, AMPainter contributes to paint antimicrobial potency to diverse peptides, assisting in expanding the AMP sequence space and discovering novel antimicrobial agents.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.13.632671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Painting Peptides with Antimicrobial Potency through Deep Reinforcement Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633034v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APE1 active site residue Asn174 stabilizes the AP-site and is essential for catalysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.14.633034v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apurinic/Apyrimidinic (AP)-sites are common and highly mutagenic DNA lesions that can arise spontaneously or as intermediates during Base Excision Repair (BER). The enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) initiates repair of AP-sites by cleaving the DNA backbone at the AP-site via its endonuclease activity. Here, we investigated the functional role of the APE1 active site residue N174 that contacts the AP-site during catalysis. We analyzed the effects of three rationally designed APE1 mutations that alter the hydrogen bonding potential, size, and charge of N174: N174A, N174D, and N174Q. We found impaired catalysis of the APE1N174A and APE1N174D mutants due to disruption of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between residue 174 and the AP-site. In comparison, the APE1N174Q mutant was less impaired due to retaining similar hydrogen bonding and electrostatic characteristics as N174 in wild-type APE1. Structures and computational simulations further revealed that the AP-site was destabilized within the active sites of the APE1N174A and APE1N174D mutants due to loss of hydrogen bonding between residue 174 and the AP-site. Cumulatively, we show that N174 stabilizes the AP-site within the APE1 active site through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions to enable effective catalysis. These findings highlight the importance of N174 in APE1s function and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which APE1 processes AP-sites during DNA repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>DeHart, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoitsma, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thompson, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borin, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agarwal, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.14.633034</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APE1 active site residue Asn174 stabilizes the AP-site and is essential for catalysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.01.636002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quorum sensing regulation by the nitrogen phosphotransferase system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.01.636002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nitrogen-related phosphotransferase system (PTSNtr) influences multiple virulence behaviors. The PTSNtr is comprised of three enzymes: first PtsP, then the PtsO phosphocarrier, and the final PtsN phosphoacceptor. We previously showed that ptsP inactivation increases LasI-LasR quorum sensing, a system by which P. aeruginosa regulates genes in response to population density. LasI synthesizes a diffusible autoinducer that binds and activates the LasR receptor, which activates a feedback loop by increasing lasI expression. In this study, we examined the impact of the PTSNtr on quorum sensing. Disruption of ptsP increased the expression of some, but not all, tested quorum-controlled genes, including lasI, phzM (pyocyanin biosynthesis), hcnA (hydrogen cyanide biosynthesis), and, to a lesser extent, rsaL (quorum sensing regulator). Expression of these genes remained dependent on LasR and the autoinducer, whether provided endogenously or exogenously. Increased lasI expression in {Delta}ptsP (or {Delta}ptsO) cells was partly due to the presence of unphosphorylated PtsN, which alone was sufficient to elevate lasI expression. However, we observed residual increases in {Delta}ptsP or {Delta}ptsO cells even in the absence of PtsN, suggesting that PtsP and PtsO can regulate gene expression independent of PtsN. Indeed, genetically disrupting the PtsO phosphorylation site impacted gene expression in the absence of PtsN, and transcriptomic evidence suggested that PtsO and PtsN have distinct regulons. Our results expand our view of how the PTSNtr components function both within and apart from the classic phosphorylation cascade to regulate key virulence behaviors in P. aeruginosa.

IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa often causes severe and difficult-to-treat infections. P. aeruginosa virulence requires the nitrogen-related phosphotransferase system (PTSNtr), which comprises the phosphocarrier proteins PtsP and PtsO and the final phosphoacceptor, PtsN. The PTSNtr is known to modulate quorum sensing, but little is known about the mechanism of regulation. Here, we examined quorum sensing regulation by the PTSNtr. We showed that the PTSNtr increases quorum sensing-mediated activation of certain genes through the additive effects of both PtsO and PtsN. We also used transcriptomics to determine the regulons of PtsO and PtsN and found that they are largely nonoverlapping. The results position PtsO and PtsN as independent effectors in the Nitro-PTS and shed new light on virulence regulation in this important pathogen.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smalley, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saenjamsai, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dandekar, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabeen, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chandler, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.01.636002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quorum sensing regulation by the nitrogen phosphotransferase system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635965v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Throughput Antibody Neutralization Screening in Massively Parallel Droplet Arrays 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.31.635965v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutralizing antibodies provide rapid immune defense against infectious diseases, but are difficult to discover at scale because neutralization assays require live reporter cells and soluble monoclonal antibodies. Here we report Droplet Reporter Cell Testing for Neutralization (DrReCT-Neutralization) to screen antibody gene libraries for their ability to neutralize viral infections. We established the necessary engineered cell lines and validated the DrReCT screening platform using synthetic oligoclonal libraries, followed by an example discovery campaign that demonstrated scalable functional antibody data collection against viral diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gutierrez-Gonzalez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fahad, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delley, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyle, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveira de Souza, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pirhanov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galvez, N. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franca, C. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marglous, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagat, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vincent, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Neumeier, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doria-Rose, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reddy, S. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Balazs, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abate, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeKosky, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.01.31.635965</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Throughput Antibody Neutralization Screening in Massively Parallel Droplet Arrays]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636711v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antagonistic kinesin-14s within a single chromosomal drive haplotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.05.636711v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In maize, there are two meiotic drive systems that operate on large tandem repeat arrays called knobs that are found on chromosome arms. One meiotic drive haplotype, Abnormal chromosome 10 (Ab10), encodes two kinesin proteins that interact with two distinct tandem repeat arrays in a sequence-specific manner to confer meiotic drive. The kinesin KINDR associates with knob180 repeats while the kinesin TRKIN associates with TR-1 repeats. Prior data show that meiotic drive is conferred primarily by the KINDR/knob180 system, with the TRKIN/TR-1 system having little or no role. The second meiotic drive haplotype, K10L2, shows low levels of meiotic drive and only encodes the TRKIN/TR-1 system. Here we used long-read sequencing to assemble the K10L2 haplotype and showed that it has strong homology to an internal portion of the Ab10 haplotype. We also carried out CRISPR mutagenesis of Trkin to test the role of Trkin on Ab10 and K10L2. The data indicate that the Trkin gene on Ab10 does not improve drive or fitness but instead has a weak deleterious effect when paired with a normal chromosome 10. The deleterious effect is more severe when Ab10 is paired with K10L2: in this context functional Trkin on either chromosome nearly abolishes Ab10 drive. We modeled the effect of Trkin on Ab10 and found it should not persist in the population. We conclude that Trkin either confers an advantage to Ab10 in untested circumstances or that it is in the process of being purged from the Ab10 population.

ARTICLE SUMMARYMendels first law states that paired chromosomes are transmitted through meiosis at equal frequencies. Some chromosome variants, however, are transmitted at higher frequencies in a process called meiotic drive. We wanted to know the function of a motor protein called TRKIN that is encoded on a maize meiotic drive chromosome. Surprisingly, we found that TRKIN provides no advantage to the meiotic driver and instead seems to be deleterious, suggesting it had a function in a wild ancestor but is now being purged from the population. The results illustrate how genomes are shaped by often-conflicting forces of selection and selfish genetic elements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brady, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gent, J. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swentowsky, K. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawe, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.05.636711</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antagonistic kinesin-14s within a single chromosomal drive haplotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disruption of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Stasis Leads to Liver Injury and Tumorigenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.11.637688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background & AimsMitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in aging and various cancer development. As highly dynamic organelles, mitochondria constantly undergo fission, mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1, gene name Dnm1l), and fusion, regulated by mitofusin 1 (MFN1), MFN2, and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). However, whether and how dysregulation of mitochondria dynamics would be involved in liver pathogenesis and tumorigenesis is unknown.

MethodsDnm1l Flox/Flox (Dnm1lF/F), Mfn1F/F and Mfn2F/F mice were crossed with albumin-Cre mice to generate liver-specific Dnm1l knockout (L-Dnm1l KO), L-Mfn1 KO, L-Mfn2 KO, L-Mfn1, Mfn2 double KO (DKO), and L-Mfn1, Mfn2, Dnm1l triple KO (TKO) mice. These mice were housed for various periods up to 18 months. Some mice also received hydrodynamic tail vein injections of a Sleeping Beauty transposon-transposase plasmid system with c-MYC and YAP. Blood and liver tissues were harvested for biochemical and histological analysis.

ResultsL-Dnm1l KO mice had elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels and increased hepatic fibrosis as early as two months of age. By 12 to 18 months, male L-Dnm1l KO mice developed spontaneous liver tumors, primarily hepatocellular adenomas. While female L-Dnm1l KO mice also developed liver tumors, their incidence was much lower.

In contrast, neither L-Mfn1 KO nor L-Mfn2 KO mice had notable liver injury or tumorigenesis. However, a small portion of DKO mice developed tumors at 15-18 month-old. Increased DNA damage, senescence and compensatory proliferation were observed in L-Dnm1l KO mice but were less evident in L-Mfn1 KO, L-Mfn2 KO or DKO mice, indicating that mitochondrial fission is more important to maintain hepatocyte homeostasis and prevent liver tumorigenesis. Interestingly, further deletion of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in L-Dnm1l KO mice markedly abolished liver injury, fibrosis, and both spontaneous and oncogene-induced tumorigenesis. RNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis revealed significant activation of the cGAS-STING-interferon pathway and alterations in the tumor microenvironment pathways, alongside increased pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism in the livers of L-Dnm1l KO mice. Notably, the changes in gene expression and pyrimidine metabolism were considerably corrected in the TKO mice.

ConclusionsMitochondrial dynamics and stability are essential for maintaining hepatic mitochondrial homeostasis and hepatocyte functions. Loss of hepatic DRP1 promotes liver tumorigenesis by increasing pyrimidine metabolism and activating the cGAS-STING-mediated innate immune response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, m.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sesaki, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zong, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.11.637688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disruption of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Stasis Leads to Liver Injury and Tumorigenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637884v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A functional map of phosphoprotein phosphatase regulation identifies an evolutionary conserved reductase for the catalytic metal ions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.12.637884v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Serine/Threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs, PP1-PP7) are conserved metalloenzymes and central to intracellular signaling in eukaryotes, but the details of their regulation is poorly understood. To address this, we performed genome-wide CRISPR knockout and focused base editor screens in PPP perturbed conditions to establish a high-resolution functional map of PPP regulation that pinpoints novel regulatory mechanisms. Through this, we identify the orphan reductase CYB5R4 as an evolutionarily conserved activator of PP4 and PP6, but not the closely related PP2A. Heme binding is essential for CYB5R4 function and mechanistically involves the reduction of the metal ions in the active site. Importantly, CYB5R4-mediated activation of PP4 is critical for cell viability when cells are treated with DNA damage-inducing agents known to cause oxidative stress. The discovery of a dedicated PPP reductase points to shared regulatory principles with protein tyrosine phosphatases, where specific enzymes dictate activity by regulating the active site redox state. In sum, our work provides a resource for understanding PPP function and the regulation of intracellular signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Meeusen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ambjoern, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veis, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riley, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vit, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brauer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moeller, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greiner, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisser, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garvanska, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davey, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kettenbach, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ogris, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nilsson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.12.637884</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A functional map of phosphoprotein phosphatase regulation identifies an evolutionary conserved reductase for the catalytic metal ions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.14.638303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The sperm specific Na+,K+-ATPase α4 shows a highly structured and dynamic distribution at the sperm flagellum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.14.638303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Na+,K+-ATPase 4 is a unique cell plasma membrane Na+ and K+ transporter of spermatozoa, which is essential for male fertility. Previous studies have shown that Na+,K+-ATPase 4 is highly expressed in the sperm flagellum; however, the spatial arrangement of Na+,K+-ATPase 4 at the subcellular level and its relationship to the functional state of the cells are unknown. We studied this here using stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy. We show that, under non-capacitated conditions, Na+,K+-ATPase 4 is distributed in a trilinear pattern along the midpiece and as a scattered single line along the principal piece segment of the sperm flagellum. Under capacitated conditions, Na+,K+-ATPase 4 pattern undergoes remodelling and its distribution shifts into a single line along the entire length of the flagellum. On the other hand, Na+,K+-ATPase 1 the somatic isoform of Na+,K+-ATPase also present in sperm, exhibits a similar trilaminar localization at the flagellar midpiece but a bilinear pattern in the principal piece. This distribution, unlike that of Na+,K+-ATPase 4, does not change during sperm capacitation. These differences in the localization pattern and spatial dynamics of Na+,K+- ATPase isoform expression highlights the dissimilarities in the roles of both ion transporters. The specific modulation of Na+,K+-ATPase 4 distribution, combined with the unique role that it has in sperm function, stresses the importance of Na+,K+-ATPase 4 for male fertility.

Significance statementThis is the first demonstration of the highly structured nature of Na+,K+-ATPase in the plasma membrane of sperm, including the sperm specific Na+,K+-ATPase 4 isoform, which is key for male fertility, and the somatic Na+,K+-ATPase 1, which is present in all cells. Utilizing stimulated emission depletion (STED) super resolution microscopy, we discovered that Na+,K+- ATPase 4 and Na+,K+-ATPase 1 have different distributions along the sperm flagellum. Moreover, only Na+,K+-ATPase 4 undergoes remodelling during sperm capacitation. These specific patterns of localization that are dependent on the sperm functional state in combination with the different function and regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms highlights the sophisticated mechanisms that cells have evolved to fulfil their unique function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Oishee, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDermott, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanchez, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blanco, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.14.638303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The sperm specific Na+,K+-ATPase α4 shows a highly structured and dynamic distribution at the sperm flagellum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638170v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Efficient Inference of Macrophylogenies: Insights from the Avian Tree of Life 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.17.638170v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The exponential growth of molecular sequence data over the past decade has enabled the construction of numerous clade-specific phylogenies encompassing hundreds or thousands of taxa. These independent studies often include overlapping data, presenting a unique opportunity to build macrophylogenies (phylogenies sampling > 1,000 taxa) for entire classes across the Tree of Life. However, the inference of large trees remains constrained by logistical, computational, and methodological challenges. The Avian Tree of Life provides an ideal model for evaluating strategies to robustly infer macrophylogenies from intersecting datasets derived from smaller studies. In this study, we leveraged a comprehensive resource of sequence capture datasets to evaluate the phylogenetic accuracy and computational costs of four methodological approaches: (1) supermatrix approaches using concatenation, including the "fast" maximum likelihood (ML) methods, (2) filtering datasets to reduce heterogeneity, (3) supertree estimation based on published phylogenomic trees, and (4) a "divide-and-conquer" strategy, wherein smaller ML trees were estimated and subsequently combined using a supertree approach. Additionally, we examined the impact of these methods on divergence time estimation using a dataset that includes newly vetted fossil calibrations for the Avian Tree of Life. Our findings highlight that recently developed fast tree search approaches offer a reasonable compromise between computational efficiency and phylogenetic accuracy, facilitating inference of macrophylogenies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thom, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faircloth, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andersen, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barker, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benz, B. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bravo, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brumfield, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chesser, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derryberry, E. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glenn, T. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harvey, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hosner, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Imfeld, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joseph, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Manthey, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCormack, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliveros, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carreiro, N. D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winker, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Field, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ksepka, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braun, E. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kimball, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.17.638170</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Efficient Inference of Macrophylogenies: Insights from the Avian Tree of Life]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.639046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-scale machine learning model predicts muscle and functional disease progression in FSHD 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.02.19.639046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration with substantial variability in severity and progression patterns. FSHD is a highly heterogeneous disease; however, current clinical metrics used tracking disease progression lack sensitivity for personalized assessment, which greatly limits the design and execution of clinical trials. This study introduces a multi-scale machine learning framework leveraging whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data to predict regional, muscle, joint, and functional progression in FSHD. The goal this work is to create a  digital twin of individual FSHD patients that can be leveraged in clinical trials.

Using a combined dataset of over 100 patients from seven studies, MRI-derived metrics--including fat fraction, lean muscle volume, and fat spatial heterogeneity at baseline--were integrated with clinical and functional measures. A three-stage random forest model was developed to predict annualized changes in muscle composition and a functional outcome (timed up-and-go (TUG)). All model stages revealed strong predictive performance in separate holdout datasets. After training, the models predicted fat fraction change with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.16% and lean volume change with a RMSE of 8.1ml in a holdout testing dataset. Feature analysis revealed that metrics fat heterogeneity within muscle predicts muscle-level progression. The stage 3 model that combined functional muscle groups and predicted change in TUG with a RMSE of 0.6 seconds, in the holdout testing dataset. This study demonstrates the machine learning models incorporating individual muscle and performance data can effectively predict MRI disease progression and functional performance of complex tasks, addressing the heterogeneity and nonlinearity inherent in FSHD. Further studies incorporating larger longitudinal cohorts as well as comprehensive clinical and functional measures will allow for expanding and refining this model. As many neuromuscular diseases are characterized by varability and heterogeneity similar to FSHD, such approaches have broad applicability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Blemker, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riem, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DuCharme, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pinette, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Costanzo, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weatherley, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Statland, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tapscott, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaw, D. W. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The Move+ Investigator Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leung, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.02.19.639046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-scale machine learning model predicts muscle and functional disease progression in FSHD]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641276v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.03.641276v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A hallmark of intelligence is proficiency in solving new problems, including those that differ dramatically from problems seen before. Problem-solving, in turn, depends on goal-directed generation of novel ideas and behaviors1, which has been proposed to rely on internal representations of discrete units, or symbols, and processes that recombine these units into a large set of possible composite representations1-9. Although this view has been influential in formulating cognitive-level explanations of behavior, definitive evidence for a neuronal substrate of symbols has remained elusive. Here, we identify a neural population encoding action symbols--recombinable representations of discrete units of motor behavior--localized to a specific area of frontal cortex. In macaque monkeys performing a drawing-like task, we found behavioral evidence that action elements (strokes) exhibit three critical features indicating an underlying symbolic representation: (i) invariance over low-level motor parameters; (ii) categorical structure, reflecting discrete types of action; and (iii) recombination into novel sequences. In simultaneous neural recordings across motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortex, we found that planning-related population activity in ventral premotor cortex (PMv) encodes actions in a manner that, like behavior, reflects motor invariance, categorical structure, and recombination. Activity in no other recorded area exhibited these three properties of symbols. These findings reveal a neural representation of action symbols localized to PMv, and therefore identify a putative neural substrate for symbolic cognitive operations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garzon, K. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eldridge, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieber, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tenenbaum, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freiwald, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.03.641276</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural representation of action symbols in primate frontal cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Synchrony Links Sensorimotor Cortices in a Network for Facial Motor Control 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.04.641458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Primate societies rely on the production and interpretation of social signals, in particular those displayed by the face. Facial movements are controlled, according to the dominant neuropsychological schema, by two separate circuits, one originating in medial frontal cortex controlling emotional expressions, and a second one originating in lateral motor and premotor areas controlling voluntary facial movements. Despite this functional dichotomy, cortical anatomy suggests that medial and lateral areas are directly connected and may thus operate as a single network. Here we test these contrasting hypotheses through structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) guided electrical stimulation and simultaneous multi-channel recordings from key facial motor areas in the macaque monkey brain. These areas include medial facial motor area M3 (located in the anterior cingulate cortex); two lateral face-related motor areas: M1 (primary motor) and PMv (ventrolateral premotor); and S1 (primary somatosensory cortex). Cortical responses evoked by intracortical stimulation revealed that medial and lateral areas can exert significant functional impact on each other. Simultaneous recordings of local field potentials in all facial motor areas further confirm that during facial expressions, medial and lateral facial motor areas significantly interact, primarily in the alpha and beta frequency ranges, whereas during voluntary chewing, coupling occurs at lower frequencies. These functional interactions varied across facial movement types. Thus, at the cortical level, the control of facial movements is not mediated through independent (medial/lateral) functional streams, but results from an interacting sensorimotor network.

Significance StatementPrimates communicate through facial expressions. How the brain generates facial expressions remains poorly understood. To uncover how facial motor-related cortical brain regions interact to produce facial gestures, we combined fMRI-targeted electrophysiology and intracortical microstimulation while monkeys produced qualitatively different facial movements. Our two-pronged experimental approach revealed that facial motor-related cortical areas form an interconnected network characterized by synchronized neural activity demonstrating dynamic expression-selective activity states that are coordinated across the network nodes. Thus, the multiple facial motor-related cortical areas sending axons directly into the facial nucleus operate as a single network in which the overall complex, behavior-specific inter-areal interactions dictate the relevant motor output.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vazquez, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ianni, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rassi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schieber, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yazdani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prut, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freiwald, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.04.641458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Synchrony Links Sensorimotor Cortices in a Network for Facial Motor Control]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.641258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environmental NaCl affects C. elegans development and aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.09.641258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sodium is an essential nutrient, but is toxic in excess. In humans, excessive dietary sodium can cause high blood pressure, which contributes to age-related diseases including stroke and heart disease. We used C. elegans to elucidate how sodium levels influence animal aging. Most experiments on this animal are conducted in standard culture conditions: Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) agar with a lawn of E. coli. Here, we report that the supplemental NaCl in standard NGM, 50 mM, accelerates aging and decreases lifespan. For comparison, we prepared NGM with reduced NaCl or excess NaCl. Considering reduced NaCl as a baseline, wild-type worms on standard NGM displayed normal development and fertility but reduced lifespan and health span, indicating toxicity in old animals. The long-lived mutants daf-2, age-1, and nuo-6, cultured on standard NGM, also displayed reduced lifespan. Thus, NaCl in standard NGM accelerates aging in multiple genetic backgrounds. Wild-type worms on excess NaCl displayed delayed development and reduced fertility, and reduced lifespan and health span, indicating toxicity in both young and old animals. These results suggest that young animals are relatively resistant to NaCl toxicity, but that aging causes progressive sensitivity, such that old animals display toxicity to both standard and excess NaCl. We investigated pathways that respond to NaCl. Young animals cultured with excess NaCl activated gpdh-1, a specific response to NaCl stress. Old animals cultured with excess NaCl activated gpdh-1 and hsp-6, a reporter for the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Thus, excess NaCl activates multiple stress response pathways in older animals.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pohl, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Egan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mosley, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kornfeld, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.09.641258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environmental NaCl affects C. elegans development and aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) across Mammalian Species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pluripotency, the ability of cells to self-renew and differentiate into all the cell types in an animals body, is vital for mammalian early development. This study presented a comprehensive comparative transcriptomic analysis of embryonic stem cells across multiple mammalian species, defining their progression through expanded/extended, naive, formative, and primed pluripotency states. Our findings revealed both conserved and species-specific mechanisms underlying pluripotency regulation. We also emphasized the limitations of existing state-specific markers and their limited cross-species applicability, while identifying de novo pluripotency markers that can inform future research. Despite variability in gene expression dynamics, gene co-expression networks showed remarkable conservation across species. Among pluripotency states, the primed state demonstrated the highest conservation, evidenced by shared markers, preserved gene networks, and stronger selective pressures acting on its genes. These findings provide critical insights into the evolution and regulation of pluripotency, laying a foundation for refining stem cell models to enhance their translational potential in regenerative medicine, agriculture, and conservation biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meisel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walters, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gamble, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randolph, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) across Mammalian Species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642669v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intraspecific plant-soil feedbacks alter root traits in a perennial grass 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642669v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Drought is a common stressor faced by plants and their associated microbiomes. Projected climate data point toward an increase in the severity and frequency of extreme precipitation events, such as drought. Previous research has shown that long-term exposure to drought can shape plants genomes, resulting in genetic variation for drought tolerance. We hypothesized that these genetic changes also affect patterns of microbial colonization in the rhizosphere, potentially feeding back to influence plant drought responses. Here, we tested 33 rhizosphere soils conditioned by 33 genotypes of Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) that originated from native populations across a precipitation gradient in the southern plains of the United States. We used these 33 rhizosphere soils as inocula for a fully factorial experiment to test the responses of conspecific plants to the differentially conditioned soils under drought or well-watered conditions. Variation in aboveground traits such as shoot length, weight, and root-to-shoot ratios was primarily explained by watering treatment. However, many belowground traits, such as root anatomical and architectural traits, were more likely to be affected by the genotype of the conditioning plant. Of the traits we measured, only aerenchyma area was affected by the interaction between current watering treatment and genotype of the conditioning plant. Ultimately, both the current watering treatment and conditioning plant genotype altered plant physiological traits and the associated microbiome. The differential intraspecies plant-soil feedback dynamics driven by plant local adaptation will be key to understanding future plants responses to rapidly shifting climates, in both restoration projects and agricultural systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kural-Rendon, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooser, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.11.642669</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intraspecific plant-soil feedbacks alter root traits in a perennial grass]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The critical role of the ZBP1-NINJ1 axis and IRF1/IRF9 in ethanol-induced cell death, PANoptosis, and alcohol-associated liver disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.12.642836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Innate immunity provides the critical first line of defense against infection and sterile triggers. Cell death is a key component of the innate immune response to clear pathogens, but excessive or aberrant cell death can induce inflammation, cytokine storm, and pathology, making it a central molecular mechanism in inflammatory diseases. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one such inflammatory disease, but the specific innate immune mechanisms driving pathology in this context remain unclear. Here, by leveraging RNAseq and tissue expression in clinical samples, we identified increased expression of the innate immune sensor Z-DNA binding protein (ZBP1) in patients with ALD. We discovered that ZBP1 expression correlated with ALD progression in patients, and that ethanol induced ZBP1-dependent lytic cell death, PANoptosis, in immune (macrophages, monocytes, Kupffer cells) and non-immune cells (hepatocytes). Mechanistically, the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF9 and IRF1 upregulated ZBP1 expression, allowing ZBP1 to sense Z-NAs through its Z2 domain and drive PANoptosis signaling, cell membrane rupture through NINJ1, and DAMP release. Furthermore, the expressions of ZBP1 and NINJ1 were upregulated in both liver and serum samples from patients with ALD. In mouse models of chronic and acute ALD, ZBP1-deficient mice were significantly protected from disease pathology and liver damage. Overall, our findings establish the critical role of the ZBP1-NINJ1 axis regulated by IRFs in driving inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, in liver cells, suggesting that targeting these molecules will have therapeutic potential in ALD and other inflammatory conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>King, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tweedell, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanneganti, T.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The critical role of the ZBP1-NINJ1 axis and IRF1/IRF9 in ethanol-induced cell death, PANoptosis, and alcohol-associated liver disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STI1 domain dynamically engages transient helices in disordered regions to drive self-association and phase separation of yeast ubiquilin Dsk2 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.14.643327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ubiquitin-binding shuttle proteins are important components of stress-induced biomolecular condensates in cells. Yeast Dsk2 scaffolds proteasome-containing condensates via multivalent interactions with proteasomes and ubiquitinated substrates under azide-induced mitochondrial stress or extended growth conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how these shuttle proteins work are unknown. Here, we identify that the middle chaperone-binding STI1 domain is the main driver of Dsk2 self-association and phase separation in vitro. Using NMR spectroscopy and computational simulations, we find that the STI1 domain interacts with three transient amphipathic helices within the intrinsically-disordered regions of Dsk2. Removal of either the STI1 domain or these helices significantly reduces the propensity for Dsk2 to phase separate. In vivo, removal of the STI1 domain in Dsk2 has the opposite effect, resulting in an increase of proteasome-containing condensates due to an accumulation of polyubiquitinated substrates. Modeling of STI1-helix interactions reveals a binding mode that is reminiscent of interactions between chaperone STI1/DP2 domains and client proteins containing amphipathic or transmembrane helices. Our findings support a model whereby STI1-helix interactions important for Dsk2 condensate formation can be replaced by STI1-client interactions for downstream chaperone or other protein quality control outcomes.

HighlightsO_LIThe intrinsically disordered regions of Dsk2 harbor transient helices that regulate protein properties via interactions with the STI1 domain.
C_LIO_LIThe STI1 domain is a significant driver of Dsk2 self-association and phase separation in vitro.
C_LIO_LIDsk2 colocalizes with ubiquitinated substrates and proteasome in reconstituted condensates.
C_LIO_LIAbsence of Dsk2 STI1 domain in stressed yeast cells promotes formation of proteasome condensates coupled with upregulation of polyubiquitinated substrates.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Acharya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Daniel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dao, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mulvey, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kraut, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelofs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castaneda, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STI1 domain dynamically engages transient helices in disordered regions to drive self-association and phase separation of yeast ubiquilin Dsk2]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.644450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Type I Interferon production in myeloid cells is regulated by factors independent of Ptpn22 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.20.644450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immune regulatory gene PTPN22 is expressed in all immune cells and encodes Lyp in humans and the ortholog PEP in mice. The PTPN22 alternative allele, 1858C>T, is expressed in 5-15% of the North American population and is strongly associated with the development of autoimmune disease while simultaneously capable of providing protection during virus infection and cancer. In murine models, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that PEP and its pro-autoimmune variant (PEP-R619W) modulate T cell function, yet their influence on non-T cell pathways, such as antigen presenting cell cytokine production, remains less defined. Previously, it was reported that PEP promotes type I interferon (IFN-I) production in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages following TLR4 stimulus. Here, we show that contrary to previous results, both PEP-WT and the PEP-R619W variant do not promote IFN-I production in DCs and macrophages following exposure to LPS, 3p-hpRNA, or coronavirus MHV A59. We attribute the prior findings to mouse strain-specific differences and conclude that factors independent of PEP may be regulating IFN-I production in these studies. We further show that PEP and its R619W variant distinctly modulate the production of TNF, IL-12 and IL-2 in DCs following LPS stimulus. Taken together, our results challenge the current understanding of the role of PEP during inflammation while providing new insight into how the PEP-R619W variant may alter myeloid cell function during disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Barnes, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaikh, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bevis, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cockerham, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orozco, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.20.644450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Type I Interferon production in myeloid cells is regulated by factors independent of Ptpn22]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.644684v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adaptive Increase of Amylase Gene Copy Number in Peruvians Driven by Potato-rich Diets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.25.644684v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Summary/AbstractThe salivary amylase gene (AMY1) exhibits remarkable copy number variation linked to dietary shifts in human evolution. While global studies highlight its structural complexity and association with starch-rich diets, localized selection patterns remain under explored. Here, we analyzed AMY1 copy number in 3,723 individuals from 85 populations, revealing that Indigenous Peruvian Andean populations possess the highest AMY1 copy number globally. A genome-wide analysis showed significantly higher amylase copy numbers in Peruvian Andean genomes compared to closely related populations. Further, we identified positive selection (selection coefficient of 0.0124, log likelihood ratio of 11.1543) at the nucleotide level on a haplotype harboring at least five haploid AMY1 copies, with a Peruvian Andean-specific expansion coinciding with potato domestication ([~]6-10 kya). Using ultra-long-read sequencing, we demonstrated that previously described recombination-based mutational mechanisms drive the formation of high-copy AMY1 haplotypes observed in Andean population. Our study provides a framework for investigating structurally complex loci and their role in human dietary adaptation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheer, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landau, L. J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jorgensen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karageorgiou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales-Rivera, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osbourne, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pearson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiyamu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leon-Velarde, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera-Chira, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brutsaert, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bigham, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gokcumen, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.03.25.644684</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adaptive Increase of Amylase Gene Copy Number in Peruvians Driven by Potato-rich Diets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.07.647617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct yet Overlapping Functions of VMP1 and TMEM41B in Modulating Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion and Autophagy in MASH 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.07.647617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundTransmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) and vacuolar membrane protein 1 (VMP1) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) scramblases that shuttle phospholipids between the inner and outer leaflets of the ER membrane. Both TMEM41B and VMP1 also play critical roles in regulating hepatic lipoprotein secretion and autophagy. Despite these similarities, whether TMEM41B and VMP1 exhibit different roles in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and autophagy in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear.

MethodsWe created liver- and hepatocyte-specific single knockout (KO) and double knockout (DKO) mice for Tmem41b and Vmp1, as well as overexpression knock-in (KI) mice with hepatic overexpression of TMEM41B, Tmem41b KO/Vmp1 KI, and Vmp1 KO/Tmem41b KI. We conducted lipidomic, metabolomic, biochemical, and functional studies in these mice, fed either a chow diet or a MASLD diet.

ResultsTMEM41B protein levels were decreased in the livers of human subjects with MASLD. The loss of hepatic Tmem41b impaired VLDL secretion, resulting in steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Vmp1 KO mice exhibited similar phenotypes to DKO mice, displaying a more severe defect in VLDL secretion and greater liver injury than Tmem41b KO mice. Lipidomic analysis revealed decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, along with increased neutral lipids in both Tmem41b KO and Vmp1 KO mice; however, these changes were generally more pronounced in Vmp1 KO mice. VMP1 and TMEM41B localized at the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM), and a reduction in mitochondria-ER contact was observed in hepatocytes deficient in either VMP1 or TMEM41B. Ultrastructural electron microscopy analysis showed increased accumulation of "lipid droplet" in the ER membrane bilayer and ER lumen in both Vmp1 KO and Tmem41b KO hepatocytes, with greater ER luminal "lipid droplet" accumulation in Tmem41b KO hepatocytes. The loss of hepatic Vmp1 or Tmem41b led to elevated levels of LC3-II and p62, with significantly higher levels of both markers in Vmp1 KO and DKO mouse livers compared to Tmem41b KO mouse livers. Restoring Vmp1 in Tmem41b KO mice partially improved defective VLDL secretion; however, high expression levels of VMP1 did not correct the hepatic autophagy defect. In contrast, restoring Tmem41b in Vmp1 KO mice dose-dependently enhanced both defective VLDL secretion and autophagy. Importantly, overexpression of hepatic TMEM41B mitigated diet-induced MASLD in mice.

ConclusionThe loss of hepatic Vmp1 or Tmem41b decreases hepatic MAM and phospholipid content, leading to decreased VLDL secretion and promoting MASLD. While VMP1 and TMEM41B have overlapping functions, VMP1 appears to play a more critical role in regulating VLDL secretion and autophagy in mouse livers than TMEM41B.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, W.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.07.647617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct yet Overlapping Functions of VMP1 and TMEM41B in Modulating Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion and Autophagy in MASH]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.08.647734v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mutations differentially affecting the coronavirus Mac1 ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis activities indicate that it promotes multiple stages of the viral replication cycle 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.08.647734v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode a conserved macrodomain, termed Mac1, in non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) that binds and hydrolyzes ADP-ribose covalently attached to proteins. Mac1 is a key virulence factor that counters antiviral ADP-ribosyltransferase (PARP) activity. Previously, we found that MHV strain JHM (JHMV) with a mutation in the adenine binding site, JHMV-D1329A, was extremely attenuated in all tested cell types as opposed to JHMV-N1347A, which only has a replication defect in bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Interestingly, an N1347A/D1329A double mutant was unrecoverable, indicating an essential role for Mac1 in JHMV infection. We hypothesized that these mutations may impact different stages of the MHV lifecycle. First, to clarify how these mutations affected the biochemical activities of Mac1, we generated Mac1 proteins encoding the same mutations. As expected, the D-A mutation was extremely defective in ADP-ribose binding but maintained enzyme activity. In contrast, we previously found that the N-A mutation had WT levels of ADP-ribose binding but low enzyme activity, confirming that these mutations differentially effect the biochemical functions of Mac1. Following infection, D1329A displayed a large defect in the accumulation of viral RNA compared to WT or N1347A in all cells tested. Alternatively, N1347A infection produced normal levels of viral RNA but produced reduced levels of viral protein in interferon competent bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). These results suggest that Mac1 ADP-ribose binding and enzymatic activities promote different stages of the viral lifecycle, demonstrating the critical importance of Mac1 for JHMV replication.

IMPORTANCEOver the last three decades, coronaviruses have repeatedly demonstrated their potential to become significant veterinary and public health threats. Zoonotic transmission of the myriad known coronavirus strains will remain a concern, regardless of the advances in vaccines and treatment. One difficulty in anticipating the next coronavirus outbreak is their diverse lineage and high propensity for mutation and recombination. The coronavirus macrodomain, Mac1, is conserved amongst all known coronaviruses and is also conserved in the Togaviridae and Hepeviridae families. Mac1 is a key factor in viral replication and pathogenesis, but its role in the replication cycle remains unclear. A deeper investigation of Mac1 function will identify conserved antiviral mechanisms and aid in the development of Mac1 inhibitors that represent a novel strategy for antiviral therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>O Connor, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khattabi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerr, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarting, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alhammad, Y. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.08.647734</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mutations differentially affecting the coronavirus Mac1 ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis activities indicate that it promotes multiple stages of the viral replication cycle]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648118v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Photoinitiation Process on Photo-Crosslinking of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.648118v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has emerged as a widely utilized biomaterial in tissue engineering due to its tunable mechanical properties, cell-adhesive motifs, and photo-crosslinkability. However, the physicochemical characteristics and biomedical utility of GelMA hydrogels are greatly influenced by the choice and concentration of photoinitiating systems. Despite the increasing acceptance of visible-light and UV-sensitive initiators, a systematic comparative evaluation of their impact on GelMA hydrogel properties remains limited. In this study, we present the first systematic investigation of how individual photoinitiators, Eosin Y (EY), Lithium Phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), Ruthenium (II) trisbipyridyl chloride ([RuII(bpy)3]2+) (Ru), affect the viscoelastic properties, swelling behavior, degradation kinetics, and cytocompatibility of 5% and 10% (w/v) GelMA hydrogels. By varying photoinitiator concentrations ([EY]: 0.005-0.1 mM, [LAP]: 0.01-0.5% (w/v), [Ru]: 0.02-1 mM) and utilizing consistent light intensity (10 mW/cm2 at system-specific wavelengths), we identified critical thresholds and plateau behaviors that distinctly influenced the stiffness and integrity of the hydrogels. Our findings revealed that each photoinitiating system exhibits unique advantages and trade-offs. LAP and Ru systems facilitated rapid gelation with easier utilization and were associated with higher swelling and accelerated degradation profiles--features particularly advantageous for applications such as 3D bioprinting and in situ injectable hydrogel systems. However, their atypical behaviors at certain concentrations and light exposure durations highlight the necessity for precise control and further mechanistic exploration. In contrast, EY-mediated hydrogels offered superior stiffness and minimal swelling at optimal concentrations, favoring applications that demand long-term mechanical stability, at the cost of a more complex cross-linking mechanism. Notably, by correlating mechanical and degradation behaviors with NIH-3T3 fibroblast viability, we also assessed biocompatibility window for each concentration of the systems, linking biomaterial performance with biomedical applicability. Overall, our study underlines the importance of tailoring photoinitiator selection and concentration to specific application needs, striking a balance between gelation kinetics, mechanical integrity, degradation behavior, and cytocompatibility. These insights provide a foundational framework for engineering GelMA-based hydrogels paving the way for reproducible, efficient, targeted biomedical applications.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=114 SRC="FIGDIR/small/648118v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (26K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1286f72org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aca5f6org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c3bc63org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1850c97_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duymaz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karaoglu, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIZILEL, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.648118</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Photoinitiation Process on Photo-Crosslinking of Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogel Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.647063v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A community-consensus reconstruction of Chinese Hamster metabolism enables structural systems biology analyses to decipher metabolic rewiring in lactate-free CHO cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.10.647063v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are indispensable for studying and engineering cellular metabolism. Here, we present iCHO3K, a community-consensus, manually-curated reconstruction of the Chinese Hamster metabolic network. In addition to accounting for 11004 reactions associated with 3597 genes, iCHO3K includes 3489 protein structures and structural descriptors for >70% of its 7377 metabolites, enabling deeper exploration of the link between molecular structure and cellular metabolism. We used iCHO3K to contextualize transcriptomics and metabolomics data from a CHO cell line in which lactate secretion is abolished. We found the reduced glycolytic flux and enhanced TCA cycle flux were accompanied by an elevated NADH and PEP levels in these cells, consistent with experimental measurements. Leveraging iCHO3Ks structural annotations, we identified candidate binding interactions of NADH and PEP with glycolytic enzymes showing model-predicted differential flux, suggesting novel allosteric regulation associated with the observed decrease in glucose uptake and glycolysis. Overall, iCHO3K offers a valuable framework for systematic integration of omics data, improved flux predictions, and structure-guided insights, thus advancing CHO cell engineering and enhancing biomanufacturing efficiency.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Di Giusto, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonakoudis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duraikannan, V. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craveur, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowie, N. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganapathy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramesh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benavidez-Lopez, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orellana, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dworkin, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morrissey, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marin de Mas, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strain, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Valdez-Cruz, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trujillo-Roldan, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marzluf, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, V. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zehetner, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altamirano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vega-Letter, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Priem, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, H. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hold, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gopalakrishnan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enuh, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarzi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angione, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanghellini, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontoravdi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hefzi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Betenbaugh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nielsen, L. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakshmanan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richelle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator></dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.10.647063</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A community-consensus reconstruction of Chinese Hamster metabolism enables structural systems biology analyses to decipher metabolic rewiring in lactate-free CHO cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.11.648351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NSUN2 drives intestinal stem cell expansion and colorectal tumour initiation via MAPK/ERK signalling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.11.648351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Colorectal cancer is initiated by loss of the APC gene, which drives expansion of LGR5+ intestinal stem cell (ISC) populations. Whilst LGR5+ ISC expansion is a critical step for tumour initiation and progression, its regulation is poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests post-transcriptional RNA modifications play a key role in cancer biology, but their role in CRC initiation has not been explored. Here, we identify the m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 as a key regulator of ISC expansion and intestinal tumourigenesis. NSUN2 is upregulated in multiple CRC mouse models and human tumours and its depletion impairs ISC expansion and hyperproliferation, leading to reduced tumour initiation. Transcriptome-wide bisulphite sequencing revealed that NSUN2-mediates m5C methylation on mRNAs encoding key ISC regulators and components of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Mechanistically, loss of NSUN2 reduces ERK phosphorylation in Apc-deficient models and oncogenic KrasG12Dexpression is sufficient to restore ERK signalling and rescue ISC expansion. Together, this establishes NSUN2 as a key regulator of ISC-driven CRC initiation and describes a novel molecular mechanism linking m5C methylation to MAPK driven stem cell transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bastem Akan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billard, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cammareri, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hall, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Preyzner, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Din, F. V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myant, K. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.11.648351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NSUN2 drives intestinal stem cell expansion and colorectal tumour initiation via MAPK/ERK signalling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.12.648517v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Discovery of D2469079A, A novel selective Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Antagonist with Brain Penetrance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.12.648517v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant activation of endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8, which recognize single-stranded RNA, is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). And the frequent neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE highlights the need for brain-penetrant therapies. Here, we report the identification and characterization of D2469079A, a novel, potent dual TLR7/TLR8 antagonist (low nM IC50 in humanized HEK-Blue assays) selective against hTLR9. D2469079A demonstrates favorable in vitro properties, including adequate solubility and high microsomal stability. It exhibited desirable pharmacokinetic profiles across multiple preclinical species (mice, rats, dogs) and achieved significant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exposure, confirming its high permeability and brain penetration. Consistent in vivo efficacy was observed in both acute and chronic stimulation models. Importantly, D2469079A displayed a favorable safety profile, lacking significant liabilities related to CYP450 inhibition/induction, hERG interaction, or toxicity in a 14-day rat study. These findings position D2469079A as a promising drug candidate with excellent drug-like characteristics for the treatment of TLR7/8-driven autoimmune diseases, potentially including neuropsychiatric manifestations. We are actively seeking partners for collaborative clinical development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.12.648517</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Discovery of D2469079A, A novel selective Toll-Like Receptor 7/8 Antagonist with Brain Penetrance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.13.648557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Gain Modulation Propagates from Posterior to Anterior Brain Regions to Optimize Orientation Perception in Chronic Astigmatism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.13.648557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While visual impairments commonly occur daily, many individuals fail to recognize these distortions. Yet, the brains role in adapting to distorted sensory inputs remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on how the brain recalibrates physical orientation-specific blur after chronic exposure to astigmatism. By reconstructing the population orientation tuning response from electroencephalogram activity patterns and estimating neural gain modulation using an optics-based computational model (data from 42 participants, including 15 females), we found enhanced neural gain for underrepresented orientations and reduced gain for overrepresented ones, especially in individuals with long-term astigmatism. The strength of the gain modulation correlated with the optimization of orientation perception in these participants. Furthermore, this push-pull neural gain modulation dynamically propagated from the posterior brain regions to others, and the strength of the propagation correlated with the degree of perceptual optimization. In contrast, short-term exposure resulted in transient and short-lived neural optimization, characterized by a relatively stronger anterior-to-posterior transference pattern. These results show how feature-specific information is modified across the entire brain in response to systematic visual distortion, revealing duration-dependent strategies the brain employs to handle sensory impairments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Son, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.13.648557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Gain Modulation Propagates from Posterior to Anterior Brain Regions to Optimize Orientation Perception in Chronic Astigmatism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.13.648639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OmniEM: Unifying the EM Multiverse through a Large-scale Foundation Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.13.648639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate analysis of electron microscopy (EM) images is essential for exploring nanoscale biological structures, yet data heterogeneity and fragmented workflows hinder scalable insights. Pretrained on large, diverse datasets, image foundation models provide a robust framework for learning transferable representations across tasks. Here, we introduce EM-DINO, the first image foundational model pretrained on EM-5M, the largest standardized EM corpus (5 million images) encompassing multiple species, tissues, protocols, and resolutions. EM-DINOs multi-scale embeddings capture rich image features that support multiple applications, including organ-specific pattern recognition, image deduplication, and high quality image restoration. Building on these representations, we developed OmniEM, a U-shaped architecture for unified dense prediction that exceeds task-specific models in both image restoration and segmentation. In restoration benchmarks, OmniEM matches the performance of the EM-specific diffusion model while producing fewer hallucinations that could mislead EM interpretation. It also outperforms previous methods in both generalized mitochondrial segmentation and multi-class organelle segmentation. Furthermore, we demonstrate OmniEMs integrated capability to generate high-resolution segmentations from low-resolution inputs, offering the potential to enable fine-scale subcellular analysis in legacy and high-throughput EM datasets. Together, EM-5M, EM-DINO, OmniEM, and an integrated Napari plugin comprise a comprehensive end-to-end toolkit for standardized EM analysis, advance cellular and subcellular understanding and accelerating the discovery of novel organelle morphologies and disease-related alterations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.13.648639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OmniEM: Unifying the EM Multiverse through a Large-scale Foundation Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.647364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Electrochemical Metabolic Profiling Reveals Mitochondrial Hyperactivation and Enhanced Neural Progenitor Proliferation in MLC1-Mutant Human Cortical Organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.647364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial function is critical for neural progenitor regulation, yet its dysregulation during early human brain development remains poorly defined. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by MLC1 mutations, previously attributed to postnatal astrocyte dysfunction. Using patient-derived human cortical organoids, we show that MLC1 is expressed in early neuroepithelial cells. To assess mitochondrial state in live organoids, we developed the MAGO (Matrigel-coated gold nanostructure) platform for real-time, label-free detection of redox activity. MLC1 mutant organoids showed mitochondrial hyperactivation, increased ATP and ROS, reduced membrane potential, and altered fusion protein expression. These changes were accompanied by enhanced BrdU incorporation and expansion of PAX6/SOX2 progenitors. To assess the causal role of MLC1 mutation, we generated isogenic organoids using CRISPR prime editing, which recapitulated redox hyperactivation and increased proliferation. Our findings redefine MLC as a disorder of early mitochondrial and progenitor dysregulation and establish a tractable platform to study metabolic mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Koo, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nam, Y.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, K.-O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.16.647364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Electrochemical Metabolic Profiling Reveals Mitochondrial Hyperactivation and Enhanced Neural Progenitor Proliferation in MLC1-Mutant Human Cortical Organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stronger population suppression by gene drive targeting doublesex from dominant female-sterile resistance alleles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR homing drives can be used to suppress a population by targeting female fertility genes. They convert wild-type alleles to drive alleles in the germline of drive heterozygotes by homology-directed repair after DNA cleavage. However, resistance alleles produced by end-joining pose a great threat to homing drive. They prevent further recognition by Cas9, and therefore weaken suppressive power, or even stop suppression if they preserve the function of the target gene. We used multiplexed gRNAs targeting doublesex in Drosophila to avoid functional resistance and create resistance alleles that were dominant female-sterile. This occurred because the male dsx transcript was generated in females by disruption of the female-specific splicing acceptor site. We rescued dominant sterility of the drive by providing an alternate splicing site. As desired, the drive was recessive female sterile and yielded high drive inheritance among the progeny of both male and female drive heterozygotes. The dominant-sterile resistance alleles enabled stronger suppression in computational models, even in the face of modest drive efficiency and fitness costs. However, we found that male drive homozygotes were also sterile because they used the rescue splice site. Attempts to rescue males with alternate expression arrangements were not successful, though some male homozygotes had less severe intersex phenotypes. Though this negatively impacted the drive, models showed that it still had significantly improved suppressive power. Therefore, this design may have wide applicability to dsx-based suppression gene drives in a variety of organisms with intermediate homing drive performance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.16.649134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stronger population suppression by gene drive targeting doublesex from dominant female-sterile resistance alleles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649248v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aging alters mRNA processing in the mouse ovary 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649248v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging in females predominantly impacts the ovaries before any other organ systems. This has profound implications for womens reproductive health. This phenomenon is closely linked to a gradual depletion of the ovarian follicle reserve and a notable diminishment of oocyte quality. Studies have shown that cellular changes within ovaries can manifest even before the observable depletion of ovarian follicles. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the changes in gene expression in aging mouse ovaries. Using efficient genomics software such as CLC Genomic Workbench, we could detect not only the differentially expressed genes but also delineate the various transcript variants present in the transcriptome of aging ovaries. We verified the results by comparing coding sequences of selected transcripts with the coding sequences of their canonical counterparts from young and aged mice. In general, the analysis methods yielded similar observations. Our findings revealed that traditional gene expression analyses often overlook the differential expression of numerous transcript variants. We identified significant alterations in the expression patterns of alternative transcripts in aging ovaries and found coding sequences that lead to profound functional outcomes. Notably, most of these differentially expressed transcript variants were affected upstream epigenetically and transcriptionally, then generated through alternative splicing events. This suggests that aging may lead to alterations in RNA-binding proteins and spliceosome components, which play a crucial role in mRNA processing within the mouse ovary. Our observations highlight the necessity of focusing on transcript variants and their functions in aging research, as they provide a more nuanced understanding of the biological processes at play.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vo, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiyagarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.16.649248</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aging alters mRNA processing in the mouse ovary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Improves Motor Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.16.649206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by internal brain swelling and commonly treated using a two-stage surgical approach. The interval between surgeries, generally spaced weeks to months, is associated with secondary neurologic complications from leaving the brain unprotected. Hydrogels may reshape severe TBI treatment by enabling a single-stage surgical intervention, capable of being implanted at the initial surgery, remaining flexible to accommodate brain swelling, and calibrated to regenerate bone after brain swelling has subsided. The current study evaluated the use of a pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid (PHA) polymer with thiolated devitalized tendon (TDVT) for calvarial bone regeneration in a rat TBI model. Additionally, PHA-TDVT hydrogels encapsulating microspheres containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were investigated to enhance bone regeneration. All hydrogel precursor formulations exhibited sufficient yield stress for surgical placement. The addition of TDVT to the crosslinked hydrogels increased the average compressive modulus. In vitro cell studies revealed that the PHA-TDVT hydrogel with the highest concentration of BMP-2 microspheres (i.e., PHA-TDVT+{micro}100) significantly improved calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression. Minimal in vivo bone regeneration was observed for all hydrogel groups; however, BMP-2 microsphere addition fortuitously reduced motor skill impairment and brain atrophy. The PHA-TDVT+{micro}100 group had 2.8 times greater reach index and 2.3 times lower brain atrophy values compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Overall, hydrogels with controlled release of BMP-2 may provide neuroprotective benefits in TBI treatment. Future studies should explore BMP-2 delivery strategies to enhance both bone and brain recovery in rat TBI studies.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=82 SRC="FIGDIR/small/649206v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (25K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@136d4d4org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cee564org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@13612e8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1134b4c_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Statement of SignificanceSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by internal brain swelling and is commonly treated using a two-stage surgical approach. Complications associated with the two-stage treatment paradigm include secondary neurologic impairment, termed syndrome of the trephined (SOT). SOT is often reversible once the second surgery is performed, whereas a single-stage TBI treatment paradigm may avoid the occurrence of SOT altogether. Utilizing hydrogels comprised of pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid and thiolated devitalized tendon encapsulating microspheres containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), the current study demonstrated improvements in motor skill function and reductions in brain atrophy in a rat TBI model. The introduction of hydrogels with controlled release of BMP-2 as a neuroprotective strategy for TBI application offers a promising approach for single-stage TBI treatment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Townsend, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andrews, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Detamore, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.16.649206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Improves Motor Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650415v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Auto-downregulation of the florigen FT production prevents precocious flowering in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.24.650415v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many flowering plants, the developmental switch from vegetative growth to reproduction (flowering) is timed by seasonal changes in the length of daylight (photoperiod). Under inductive day lengths, the photoperiod pathway typically generates rhythmic expression of a transcriptional activator for florigen production. In the facultative long-day plant Arabidopsis thaliana, long-day exposure results in increasing buildup of the CONSTANS (CO) protein towards the end of daylight, and CO activates the expression of the major florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to confer long-day induction of flowering. CO-mediated FT activation must be properly controlled to prevent an excessive florigen production and precocious flowering under inductive long days, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report an auto-repression mechanism to prevent excessive FT production in inductive photoperiods. We show that the transcription factor FD is expressed in leaf veins and complexes with FT to recognize several cis-regulatory DNA motifs in FT promoter. FT-FD antagonizes CO-mediated FT activation to feedback down-regulate FT expression and thus prevent its excessive induction by long-day signals, thereby precluding precocious transition to flowering. Furthermore, we found that in the facultative short-day plant soybean, an FT homolog directly represses its own expression. Thus, the auto-repression of FT or an FT homolog is a conserved mechanism to prevent excessive production of this potent floral regulator in plants, ensuring the floral transition at a proper time to balance vegetative growth with reproductive success and maximize plant production.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.24.650415</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Auto-downregulation of the florigen FT production prevents precocious flowering in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.649937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Effect of Transcranial Light Stimulation on the Neurovascular Unit in the Human Brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.649937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcranial light stimulation (tLS) is emerging as a non-invasive approach for enhancing brain function and treating neurological disorders; however, its impact on the human neurovascular unit (NVU) remains poorly understood. Herein, we combined photon transport modeling with multimodal neuroimaging to reveal how light influences vascular and neuronal responses in the human brain. Simulations of photon propagation through transcranial tissue captured key scattering and attenuation patterns, guiding the localization of light effects in vivo. Using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and arterial spin labeling, we showed that tLS significantly increased blood oxygenation level-dependent signals and cerebral blood flow in the light-affected regions. These hemodynamic changes co-occurred with a reduction in cortical excitability, as revealed by electroencephalographic source reconstruction and transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials. To probe the underlying mechanism, we incorporated inhibitory neural inputs into the computational NVU model. The model predicted that tLS enhances inhibitory neuronal activity and nitric oxide release, driving vasodilation and elevating metabolic support. These findings revealed that transcranial photons can differentially modulate neuronal and vascular components of the NVU--suppressing excitability while promoting perfusion--thereby suggesting a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting neurovascular dynamics in cognitive and clinical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.649937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Effect of Transcranial Light Stimulation on the Neurovascular Unit in the Human Brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A New Serological Autoantibody Signature Associated with Multiple Sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.23.650160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed serum samples from a cohort of MS patients in Qatar using high-throughput KoRectly Expressed (KREX) immunome protein-array technology. Compared to healthy controls, MS patients showed significantly altered autoantibody responses to 129 proteins, with a notable enrichment in autoantibodies targeting antiviral immune response-related proteins. Machine learning analysis identified a distinct molecular signature comprising 17 differentially expressed autoantibodies, including those against MX1, ISG20, MAX, SUFU, NR1H2, HMGN5, and EPHA10. Among these, autoantibodies against MX1-a key effector in the interferon-alpha/beta signaling pathway-showed the most pronounced increase, with nearly a threefold elevation in MS patients. While MX1 has previously been implicated in MS, this is the first report of autoantibody reactivity against the protein, suggesting a potential role in disease onset and progression. These findings support a link between antiviral immune responses and MS pathophysiology and offer a promising blood-based autoantibody signature that could inform future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Abdesselem, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Benthem, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bensmail, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbashir, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, T.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abylova, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koon, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anuar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petropoulos, I. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.23.650160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A New Serological Autoantibody Signature Associated with Multiple Sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VGLL1 contributes to both the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing trophoblast compartment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trophectoderm (TE), the first lineage specified during mammalian development, initiates implantation and gives rise to placental trophoblasts. While animal models have elucidated key conserved signaling pathways involved in early TE specification, including BMP, WNT, and HIPPO, species-specific differences during early development emphasize the need for human-specific models. We previously identified VGLL1, a coactivator of TEAD transcription factors, as a human-specific placental marker. In this study, we employed a pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based model of TE induction by BMP4 to investigate chromatin remodeling and transcriptional dynamics during TE formation. BMP4-induced chromatin accessibility changes promoted a trophoblast gene expression program, while mesoderm lineage markers were only transiently expressed upon canonical WNT activation. We found that VGLL1 was expressed downstream of key TE transcription factors (GATA2/3, TFAP2A/C) but was essential for establishment of full trophoblast identity by up-regulating EGFR and reinforcing GATA3 expression through positive feedback. Notably, VGLL1 enhanced canonical WNT signaling via direct regulation of WNT receptors and effectors. We also identified KDM6B, a histone demethylase that removes H3K27me3 repressive marks, as a direct VGLL1 target. KDM6B facilitated activation of bivalent promoters associated with TE markers, linking epigenetic regulation to lineage identity. Our findings establish a mechanistic framework positioning VGLL1 as a central regulator that integrates HIPPO, BMP, and WNT signaling pathways to drive establishment of human TE.

Statement of SignificanceEarly development of the human placenta is essential for pregnancy success, yet the mechanisms that guide placental lineage specification remain poorly defined. Using human stem cells, we show how signaling pathways and chromatin remodeling programs work together to direct formation of the trophectoderm, the earliest placental cell type. We identify VGLL1 as a key regulator linking multiple signaling networks to gene expression and epigenetic control. Our findings reveal a species-specific mechanism of placental initiation with broad implications for understanding reproductive disorders, pregnancy loss, and advancing stem cell-based models to study and potentially treat human placental disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Calderon, R. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kittle, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shaik, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chousal, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kallol, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bui, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morey, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitre, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, N. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerri, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeHoff, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Home, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niakan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook-Andersen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisch, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soncin, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VGLL1 contributes to both the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing trophoblast compartment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of the Best Filter-based Feature Selection Techniques for Microarray Datasets 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.25.650719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This article basically explores the impact of univariate & multivariate filter-based feature selection methodologies on enhancing the classification performance for the real-life classification problems. Our study considers two univariate filter-based feature selection techniques, namely, Chi-square and Fisher score, as well as two multivariate filter-based feature selection techniques, viz., Symmetrical Uncertainty and Minimum Redundancy-Maximum Relevance (mRMR). These methods are applied to feature selection from Five diverse collections of datasets, including datasets related to Mixed-lineage Leukaemia (MLL), Lung Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Central Nervous System (CNS), and Colon Cancer. For each feature, fitness values are calculated using the four aforementioned feature selection methods. After that, a stratified 10-fold cross-validation procedure is conducted using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) to determine the classification accuracy for each feature. A set of five microarray datasets was used in this evaluation in order to assess the effectiveness of the filter methods. The results of this study represent the first comprehensive analysis and comparison of gene expression datasets filtered using a variety of ranking strategies. Among these approaches, entropy-based methods (e.g., mRMR) emerge as the most effective. The mRMR method demonstrates Outstanding performance outcomes of accuracy, F1-score, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). When comparing classifier performance, the F1-score, which combines precision and recall, is particularly useful, while the RMSE measures prediction accuracy. Chi-square, Fisher Score, and Symmetrical Uncertainty (SU) follow as the second, third, and fourth best approaches, respectively. Although the SVM classifier demonstrates superior performance, the difference in accuracy between SVM and the MLP classifier is marginal.

Key PointsO_LIOur study considers two univariate filter-based feature selection techniques, namely, Chi-square and Fisher score, as well as two multivariate filter-based feature selection techniques, viz., Symmetrical Uncertainty and Minimum Redundancy-Maximum Relevance (mRMR).
C_LIO_LIThese methods are applied to feature selection from Five diverse collections of datasets, including datasets related to Mixed-lineage Leukaemia (MLL), Lung Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Central Nervous System (CNS), and Colon Cancer.
C_LIO_LIAfter that, a stratified 10-fold cross-validation procedure is conducted using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) to determine the classification accuracy for each feature.
C_LIO_LIAmong these approaches, entropy-based methods (e.g., mRMR) emerge as the most effective. The mRMR method demonstrates Outstanding performance outcomes of accuracy, F1-score, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Islam, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhadra, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mali, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Giri, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aurangzeb, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Budhathoki, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallik, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-04-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.25.650719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of the Best Filter-based Feature Selection Techniques for Microarray Datasets]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-04-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.650843v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The structure of phycobilisome with a bicylindrical core from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.28.650843v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are the major light-harvesting complexes in the cyanobacteria and red algae and they consist of a central core and peripheral rods that are attached to the core. The PBS cores contain 2-5 allophycocyanin cylinders that are organized by ApcE. At the present, structures of PBS with tricylindrical and pentacylindrical cores have been determined while the structure of the PBS with a bicylindrical core is yet to be revealed. Here we report the cryo-EM structure of PBS with bicylindrical core from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (Synechococcus 7942) at 2.98-[A] resolution. Similar to the PBS with a tricylindrical core, six peripheral rods are attached to the core by the rod-core linker protein CpcG in the PBS of Synechococcus 7942 even though the core lacks the top AP cylinder, which is important for the attachment of peripheral rods to the tricylindrical cores. We found that the C-terminus of ApcE in the Synechococcus 7942 was involved in interacting with both CpcG and CpcB of a top peripheral rod, compensating for the absence of the top AP cylinder of the core and maintaining PBS stability. Analysis of the bilin distribution reveals that distance of excitation energy transfer from top peripheral rods to the terminal emitters is approximately 15% shorter compared to the PBS with tricylindrical cores. Although there are 30% fewer bilin chromophores in the Synechococcus 7942 PBS core compared with the tricylindrical core, the aromatic residue ring in the Synechococcus 7942 PBS core is conserved, supporting the suggestion that these aromatic residues from AP and linker proteins are critical to the energy transfer of PBS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.28.650843</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The structure of phycobilisome with a bicylindrical core from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651214v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Perceptual prediction error supports implicit process in motor learning. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.29.651214v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Error-based learning underlies motor learning, but what specific motor error drives implicit learning, the procedural component of motor skill, is unclear. A typical action consists of a movement and a performance outcome, e.g., grabbing a coffee cup involves a reaching movement and its actual landing of the hand relative to the target cup. While performance error is fundamental for the cognitive component of motor learning, what error, either performance or movement prediction error, underlies implicit motor learning has not been resolved. These two errors are hard to disentangle as the performance outcome is an integral part of the movement. Here we used the classical visuomotor adaptation paradigm, in which people learn to counter visual perturbations by deliberately aiming off the target, to dissociate the performance error from the prediction error. Using a series of behavioral experiments and model comparisons, we revealed that movement prediction error, but not performance error, can parsimoniously explain diverse learning effects. Importantly, despite the perturbation is visual, the movement prediction error is not specified in visual terms, but determined by a perceptual estimate of the hand kinematics. In other words, contrary to the widely-held concept of sensory prediction error, a perceptual prediction error drives implicit motor learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.29.651214</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Perceptual prediction error supports implicit process in motor learning.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651462v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antigenic and Virological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Variant BA.3.2, XFG, and NB.1.8.1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651462v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 saltation variant BA.3.2, which harbors over 50 mutations relative to its ancestral BA.3 lineage, has raised concerns about its potential to drive outbreaks similar to BA.2.86/JN.1. Concurrently, variants such as NB.1.8.1, LF.7.9, XEC.25.1, XFH, and XFG exhibit enhanced growth advantages over LP.8.1.1, necessitating a comparative analysis of their antigenic and virological characteristics. Here, we evaluated the infectivity, ACE2-binding efficiency, and immune evasion of these variants. Pseudovirus assays revealed BA.3.2s robust antibody evasion, including resistance to Class 1/4 monoclonal antibodies; however, its ACE2 engagement efficiency was markedly reduced due to a closed spike conformation, leading to low infectivity. While XFG and LF.7.9 demonstrated strong immune escape associated with A475V and N487D mutations, their reduced receptor-binding efficiency suggested a need for compensatory adaptations. In contrast, NB.1.8.1 retained high ACE2 affinity and humoral immune evasion, supporting its potential for future dominance. Collectively, BA.3.2s current profile limits its ability to compete with emerging variants like NB.1.8.1. Sustained monitoring of BA.3.2s evolution-- particularly for mutations stabilizing an open RBD conformation or enhancing escape from Class 1 antibodies--is essential to assess its outbreak potential.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651462</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antigenic and Virological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Variant BA.3.2, XFG, and NB.1.8.1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651379v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tracing Siderophore Precursors to Primary Metabolism for Ecological Applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651379v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial fitness depends on balancing between primary metabolism supporting basic survival, and secondary metabolism producing metabolites for environmental adaptation. These two systems are interconnected, with most secondary metabolites deriving from primary metabolic precursors. However, systematic frameworks for studying their relationships across diverse microbes remain limited. Using siderophores--iron-chelating secondary metabolites crucial for microbial competition--as a model, we developed a stepwise "siderophore-monomer-precursor-pathway analysis" framework to trace the biosynthetic connections from siderophore structures to primary metabolism. We applied this framework to an expanded SIDERITE database containing 1018 siderophore structures. To demonstrate practical applications, we identified specific precursors utilized by the beneficial rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens but not by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Supplementing these precursors under iron-limited conditions enhanced both siderophore production in B. amyloliquefaciens and its inhibitory activity against R. solanacearum. This work establishes a direct link between primary metabolism and siderophore-mediated microbial interactions, offering new strategies for pathogen suppression through targeted metabolic interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651379</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tracing Siderophore Precursors to Primary Metabolism for Ecological Applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651216v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SAKPE: A Site Attention Kinetic Parameters Prediction Method for Enzyme Engineering 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.04.30.651216v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
0.The quantitative determination of enzyme kinetic parameters traditionally relies on experimental methods that are both time-intensive and costly. Machine learning models have demonstrated significant potential for predicting enzyme kinetic parameters in recent years. Despite this promise, these methods face challenges, including limited training data, inadequate sensitivity to subtle mutations, and poor alignment with practical enzyme engineering contexts. Here, we introduce SAKPE (Site Attention Kinetic Parameters Prediction Method for Enzyme Engineering), a novel machine-learning framework designed to predict enzyme kinetic parameters with enhanced accuracy in practical application scenarios. By incorporating protein representation, substrate representation, and protein representation with weights for important sites, SAKPE significantly outperforms existing methods in predicting enzymatic kinetic parameters, including turnover number (kcat), Michaelis constant (Km), and inhibition constant (Ki). Incorporating protein representation with weights for important sites enables SAKPE to effectively capture the impact of mutations, especially mutations of important sites and their surrounding amino acids of interest in enzyme engineering, on enzyme kinetics parameters. SAKPE offers a robust and practical tool for predicting enzyme kinetic parameters, providing a superior tool for enzyme engineering scenarios such as enzyme design, directed evolution, and industrial applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.04.30.651216</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SAKPE: A Site Attention Kinetic Parameters Prediction Method for Enzyme Engineering]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.652675v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZapC crosslinks FtsZ filaments through a dual-binding mechanism modulated by the intrinsically disordered linker of FtsZ 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.652675v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most bacteria divide through binary fission, which is mediated by a large protein complex called the divisome. Assembly of the divisome is initiated by formation a Z ring at midcell consisting of polymers of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ. A series of FtsZ-associated proteins (Zaps), which crosslink FtsZ filaments, promote Z ring formation in Escherichia coli. However, how these proteins interact with FtsZ is still unclear. In this study, we discover that ZapC binds to both FtsZs globular domain and its conserved C-terminal peptide (CCTP) to crosslink FtsZ filaments. An AlphaFold 3 structural model of the FtsZ-ZapC complex indicates that ZapC binds to the globular domain of FtsZ via a loop region connecting its N-terminal and C-terminal domains and to the CCTP of FtsZ via a hydrophobic pocket in the N-terminal domain. Substitutions in these regions of ZapC disrupt its binding to FtsZ, validating the dual binding mode. Strikingly, we find that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal linker (CTL) of FtsZ affects the interaction of FtsZ with ZapC as well as other partners, indicating an important role of the CTL in FtsZ functionality. Taken together, these results indicate that ZapC, although it exists as a monomer, can crosslink FtsZ filaments by a two-pronged mechanism, binding to the globular domain of FtsZ in one filament and to the CCTP of FtsZ in another filament. Furthermore, the CTL plays an important role in regulating FtsZ interaction with its partners.

ImportanceBacterial cytokinesis requires the Z ring, a highly dynamic cytoskeletal element consisting of polymers of the bacterial tubulin FtsZ. Formation of a coherent and functional Z ring is facilitated by FtsZ-associated proteins (Zap), which can crosslink FtsZ polymers, but how these proteins work is still incompletely understood. In this study, we find that ZapC, one of the FtsZ crosslinkers, binds to both FtsZs globular domain and its conserved C-terminal peptide to crosslink FtsZ filaments. Moreover, the intrinsically disordered C-terminal linker (CTL) of FtsZ modulates its binding to ZapC and many other FtsZ binding proteins. These findings reveal a novel mechanism to crosslink FtsZ filaments and reveal an important and highly conserved role of the CTL in FtsZ functionality.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.07.652675</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZapC crosslinks FtsZ filaments through a dual-binding mechanism modulated by the intrinsically disordered linker of FtsZ]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652168v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specific Pathogen Free Ten Gene-Edited Pig Donor for Xenotransplantation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652168v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Xenotransplantation has entered the clinical phase to fulfill the global organ shortage. However, recent clinical studies revealed that the xenograft from current gene-edited (GE) pigs still poses the risk of immune rejection, and biosafety concerns. In this study, we successfully constructed a large batch of 10- (GTKO/CMAHKO/ {beta}4GalNT2KO/hCD46/hCD55/hCD59/hTBM/hEPCR/hCD39/hCD47) GE cloned (GEC) donor pigs by utilizing gene editing and somatic cell cloning technology, and successfully obtained F1 generation. Phenotypic characterization of 10-GEC pigs showed the deletion of three xenoantigens along with expression of seven human transgenes in various tissues. Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction, and whole genome sequencing indicated 2 copies of hCD46/hCD55/hCD59/hTBM/hCD39 and 1 copy of hEPCR/hCD47 in pig genome without significant off-target and damage to the porcine own functional genes. The validation results showed that 10-GEC pigs effectively inhibited the attacks of human antibodies, complement, and macrophages on porcine endothelial cells and alleviated the coagulation abnormalities between pigs and humans. 10-GEC pigs were negative for all zoonotic pathogens (48) including cytomegalovirus, except streptococcal infections. Kidney, heart, and liver xenografts from these 10-GE pigs were transplanted to non-human primates (NHP), which started working normally without hyperacute rejection. Among them, the heart and liver transplant recipient died without resuscitation due to unexpected interruption of oxygen supply, while the 2 kidney transplant recipients survived for 23 and 16 days, respectively. Pathological analysis showed that 10-GE pig kidney xenografts showed mesenchymal congestion, and fibrosis, cellular hyperplasia, with minor antibody and complement deposition, and significantly reduced the infiltration of CD68+ macrophage. In summary, we successfully produced a group of specific pathogen free GEC donor pigs that effectively mitigated immune rejection upon multi-organ transplantation to NHP.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siddig, N. A. M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamal, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, B.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.06.652168</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specific Pathogen Free Ten Gene-Edited Pig Donor for Xenotransplantation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.648613v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transfer learning framework via Bayesian group factor analysis incorporating feature-wise dependencies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.07.648613v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transfer learning considers distinct but related tasks defined over heterogeneous domains and aims to improve generalization and performance through knowledge transfer between tasks. This approach can be especially advantageous in biomedical contexts with insufficient labeled training data, where joint learning across domains can enable inference in otherwise underpowered datasets. High-dimensional biomedical data is characterized with redundancy, rendering non-linear dependencies among features. Existing models often fail to leverage such feature dependencies during inference, limiting their ability to model complex biological systems. We present a Bayesian group factor analysis transfer learning framework that supports multitask, multi-modal learning. Our approach learns a shared latent space within each domain, simultaneously across multiple domains, and uses a feature-wise prior to model complex relationships. We evaluate our framework using controlled synthetic data experiments and four disjoint patient cancer datasets from acute myeloid leukemia and neuroblastoma. We show that our method improves drug response prediction and more readily recapitulates consensus biomarkers of drug response. Similarly, our approach improves tumor purity prediction and identifies a robust gene signature associated with it. Our framework is scalable, interpretable, and adaptable across target phenotypes, offering a robust solution for a wide range of heterogeneous multi-omics problems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thirumalaisamy, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Black, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikolova, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.07.648613</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transfer learning framework via Bayesian group factor analysis incorporating feature-wise dependencies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653010v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Genomic Screens Reveal RBBP4 as a Key Regulator of Cell Cycle Progression in TMZ-Resistant Glioblastoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.09.653010v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Temozolomide (TMZ) remains the standard of care for glioblastoma; however, its efficacy is frequently influenced by epigenetic mechanisms, notably the methylation status of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. While MGMT promoter hypermethylation is associated with enhanced responsiveness to TMZ, additional epigenetic determinants of TMZ resistance remain largely undefined. In this study, we established TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell lines that consistently maintained their resistant phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a marked upregulation of MGMT expression in these models. To systematically investigate the epigenetic regulators governing TMZ resistance and cell survival, we conducted CRISPR/Cas9-based functional genomic screens using our focused Epigenetic Knock-Out Library (EPIKOL), which targets 800 chromatin regulators alongside selected positive and negative controls. These unbiased screens validated MGMT as a primary mediator of TMZ resistance, confirming the robustness of our approach. Moreover, dropout screens across multiple resistant cell line models identified Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 4 (RBBP4) as a critical vulnerability. Notably, RBBP4 knockout significantly impaired cell proliferation without affecting MGMT expression, suggesting a distinct mechanism supporting the survival of TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells. Subsequent transcriptomic profiling following RBBP4 loss demonstrated significant downregulation of cell cycle pathways, particularly the G2/M checkpoint. Live-cell imaging and immunofluorescence analyses further revealed increased cell size and multinucleation in RBBP4-deficient cells, indicative of disrupted mitotic progression. Collectively, our results identify RBBP4 as a key regulator of cell cycle progression and survival in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma and highlight its potential as a novel epigenetic target for therapeutic intervention in recurrent disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kala, E. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senbabaoglu Aksu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ercan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozbiyik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cingoz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yedier-Bayram, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aksu, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavga, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kok, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dur Karasayar, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulac, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Syed, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Philpott, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cribbs, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagci-Onder, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.09.653010</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Genomic Screens Reveal RBBP4 as a Key Regulator of Cell Cycle Progression in TMZ-Resistant Glioblastoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Triple-N Dataset: Non-human Primate Neural Responses to Natural Scenes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.06.652408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the neural mechanisms of visual perception requires data that encompass both large-scale cortical activity and the fine-grained dynamics of individual neurons. While the Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD) has provided substantial insights into visual processing in humans (Allen et al., 2022), its reliance on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) limits the exploration of individual neuron contributions. To bridge this gap, we present a new dataset: the Triple-N (Non-human Primate Neural Responses to Natural Scenes) dataset, which extends the NSD framework to non-human primates, incorporating single-neuron activity and fMRI recorded from the inferotemporal (IT) cortex. Using Neuropixels probes, we recorded neural responses from five macaques as they passively viewed 1,000 shared NSD images. The dataset includes 59 sessions across 27 sub-regions, capturing over 30,000 visual responsive units. Many recordings were obtained from fMRI-defined category-selective regions, such as face-, body-, scene-, and color-selective areas. Our dataset enables in-depth exploration of neural responses at multiple levels - from population dynamics to single-neuron activity, providing new insights into various aspects of visual processing, including the heterogeneity of object selectivity within functional regions and the temporal dynamics of responses to natural images. Furthermore, the dataset enables joint cross-species analyses, by integrating the macaque neural recordings with human fMRI data, offering a framework for comparing and aligning visual representations across primate species. Overall, our dataset provides a valuable resource for advancing our understanding of visual perception, bridging the gap between large-scale neuroimaging and fine-grained electrophysiological signals, while also facilitating the development of computational models of the high-level visual system.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.06.652408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Triple-N Dataset: Non-human Primate Neural Responses to Natural Scenes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA Helicase A promotes small RNA biogenesis and sorting in germ cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In germ cells, small RNAs function as a defense system to silence invading RNAs like viruses and transposons to protect genome integrity. The ability of small RNAs to robustly silence diverse RNA sequences prompts the question of how endogenous mRNAs avoid this silencing. In C. elegans, small RNAs bound by the Argonaute CSR-1 protect endogenous mRNAs from silencing, while also fine-tuning a subset of these mRNAs. Here, we identify RNA Helicase A (RHA-1) as a key regulator of CSR-1 small RNA biogenesis and function in mRNA fine-tuning. RHA-1 localizes to germ granules dependent on EGO-1, which synthesizes CSR-1 small RNAs. We find RHA-1 promotes small RNA production from the 5 regions of mRNAs and small RNA sorting to CSR-1. Loss of RHA-1 leads to elevated CSR-1 target mRNA levels and compromised fertility. Our study highlights the importance of small RNA regulation, mediated by RHA-1, to protect endogenous gene expression programs and germ cell function.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gaylord, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.11.653140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA Helicase A promotes small RNA biogenesis and sorting in germ cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653274v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oxidative Base Damage to Telomeres Sensitizes Cancer Cells to ATR Inhibition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653274v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Targeted inhibition of DNA damage response proteins has received significant clinical attention owing to the success of PARP inhibitors. Due to the loss of the G1/S checkpoint, cancer cells are reliant on the G2/M checkpoint to cope with elevated DNA replication stress. We previously demonstrated a single induction of 8-oxo-guanine at telomeres in cancer cells was sufficient to induce replication stress, but was well tolerated at the cellular level. Here, we found inhibition of ATR, Chk1, or Wee1 after induction of telomere oxidative stress significantly induced genome instability and reduced cell viability. This occurred at doses markedly less than those required to increase instability in non-cancer cells. We determined the mechanism of this instability is due to cells progressing through S-phase with telomere damage and exiting G2-phase prematurely, prolonging their mitosis. This study demonstrates targeted oxidative base damage at telomeres can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of ATR inhibition in cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garbouchian, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cestari Moreno, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opresko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, R. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.10.653274</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oxidative Base Damage to Telomeres Sensitizes Cancer Cells to ATR Inhibition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653247v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Harmonizing single cell 3D genome data with STARK and scNucleome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.10.653247v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell three-dimensional genome sequencing (sc3DG-seq) is advancing our understanding of genome regulation and cellular heterogeneity in diverse biological processes. Despite significant technological advancements, a universal tool capable of processing sc3DG-seq data and benchmarking the performance of various techniques in resolving 3D chromatin structures is absent. To fill this gap, we present STARK, a versatile toolkit designed for the preprocessing, quality control and analysis of all spectrum of sc3DG-seq data. Utilizing STARK, we systematically processed 11 sc3DG-seq technologies data, enabling a quantitative benchmarking of each technologys strengths and limitations. Additionally, we developed the EmptyCells algorithm to distinguish high quality from empty barcodes, and introduced the Spatial Structure Capture Efficiency (SSCE) metric to assess the ability of single cells to capture chromatin structures. Furthermore, we established scNucleome, an extensive repository of uniformly processed sc3DG-seq datasets, offering a foundational resource to catalyze further exploration and discovery in the 3D genome research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen-Jie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kangwen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuanchen, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanwen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruixiang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chunge, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nana, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Futing, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ten, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu-Juan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaoqi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ming, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua-Jun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.10.653247</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Harmonizing single cell 3D genome data with STARK and scNucleome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Coronary Artery Disease Risk Variant rs6903956 Links to Endothelial Dysfunction via PHACTR1 Regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ischemic heart disease, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), remain leading causes of mortality worldwide. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 on chromosome 6p24.1 has been identified as a susceptibility locus for CAD in East Asian populations through genome-wide association studies. However, its functional role has not been fully elucidated. This study investigates the mechanistic basis of rs6903956 and its contribution to CAD pathogenesis, focusing on endothelial cell dysfunction. We first conducted cohort studies, revealing an association between the rs6903956  A risk allele and blood pressure phenotypes, along with impaired endothelial responsiveness indicated by reduced flow-mediated dilation. Single-base editing of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells obtained from patients with CAD and expression quantitative trait loci analysis highlighted a cisacting impact of the  A allele on PHACTR1 and EDN1 expression, suggesting allelespecific regulatory effects. Using in silico modeling by AlphaFold 3 platform, the  A allele exhibited enhanced binding affinity for HOXA4 and MEIS1 transcription factors, forming a stable ternary complex that promoted transcriptional activation of PHACTR1. Functional assays demonstrated the enhancer role of rs6903956  A in PHACTR1 promoter activity, supporting its locus-specific regulatory function in endothelial cells. Under pathological flow conditions, endothelial cells harboring the  A allele display elevated ICAM-1 expression and increased monocyte adhesion compared to the  G allele, indicating allele-specific endothelial inflammatory activation. These findings propose a model in which rs6903956 influences PHACTR1 expression via HOX-MEIS cooperative binding, thereby modulating endothelial function and contributing to CAD susceptibility. This study provides mechanistic insights into the role of rs6903956 in endothelial dysfunction and CAD, informing potential therapeutic targets arising from genetic determinants in cardiovascular pathogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tay, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wee, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Autio, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wazny, V. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tay, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heng, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foo, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheung, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.11.653298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Coronary Artery Disease Risk Variant rs6903956 Links to Endothelial Dysfunction via PHACTR1 Regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653351v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isoform-Specific Roles of NTRK2 in Pulmonary Vascular Regeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.11.653351v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants with no curative therapy, characterized by impaired alveologenesis and capillary formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction, a key driver of BPD pathogenesis in human, remain poorly understood. Here, through multiomic profiling of vascular endothelial cells isolated from control and BPD patient lungs, we uncovered an expansion of general capillary endothelial cells (gCap) with aberrant expression of the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (NTRK2) in BPD. Importantly, we identified a pathological NTRK2 isoform switch that dictates the regenerative capacity of gCap cells. Full-length NTRK2 (NTRK2-FL) promoted gCap regeneration in response to hyperoxic injury, whereas RBFOX2-mediated splicing of NTRK2-FL into a truncated isoform (NTRK2-T1) contributed to maladaptive responses and irreversible alveolar simplification in severe BPD cases. Restoring NTRK2-FL using lipid nanoparticle-delivered mRNA promoted angiogenesis and reversed alveolar simplification in vessel organoids and BPD-like mice. These findings identified NTRK2 isoform imbalance as a key driver of endothelial dysfunction and support isoform-specific RNA therapy as a promising strategy for vascular regeneration and repair.

HIGHLIGHTS* Multiomic and spatial profiling reveal abnormal gCap subtype in human BPD lungs

* NTRK2 isoform switch dictates endothelial regeneration in response to hyperoxic injury

* RBFOX2 mediates splicing from NTRK2-FL to NTRK2-T1, driving irreversible alveolar damage

* NTRK2-FL mRNA therapy restores vascular regeneration after injury
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pek, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalinichenko, V. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pryhuber, G. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.11.653351</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isoform-Specific Roles of NTRK2 in Pulmonary Vascular Regeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653468v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extending the Gaussian Network Model: Integrating Local, Allosteric, and Structural Factors for Improved Residue-Residue Correlation Analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653468v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Gaussian Network Model (GNM) has been successful in explaining protein dynamics by modeling proteins as elastic networks of alpha carbons connected by harmonic springs. However, its uniform interaction assumption and neglect of higher-order correlations limit its accuracy in predicting experimental B-factors and residue cross-correlations critical for understanding allostery and information transfer. This study introduces an information-theoretic enhancement to the GNM, incorporating mutual information-based corrections to the Kirchhoff matrix to account for multi-body interactions and contextual residue dynamics. By iteratively optimizing B-factor predictions and applying a Monte Carlo-driven maximum entropy approach to refine covariances, our method achieves significant improvements, reducing RMSDs between predicted and experimental B-factors by 26-46% across eight representative proteins. The model contextualizes residue assignments based on local density, secondary structure, solvent exposure, and allosteric roles, showing complex dynamic patterns beyond simple neighbor counts. Enhanced predictions of mutual information and entropy transfer in proteins like KRAS highlight improved capture of allosteric communication pathways. This evolvable framework, capable of incorporating additional effects and utilizing contextual residue assignments, enables precise studies of mutation effects on protein dynamics, with improved cross-correlation predictions potentially increasing accuracy in drug design and function prediction.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.12.653468</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extending the Gaussian Network Model: Integrating Local, Allosteric, and Structural Factors for Improved Residue-Residue Correlation Analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653611v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Humans underestimate their body mass in microgravity: evidence from reaching movements during spaceflight 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.12.653611v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astronauts consistently exhibit slower movements in microgravity, even during tasks requiring rapid responses. The sensorimotor mechanisms underlying this general slowing remain debated. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed: either the sensorimotor system adopts a conservative control strategy for safety and postural stability, or the system underestimates body mass due to reduced inputs from proprioceptive receptors. To resolve the debate, we studied twelve taikonauts aboard the China Space Station performing a classical hand-reaching task. Compared to their pre-flight performance and to an age-matched control group, participants showed increased movement durations and altered kinematic profiles in microgravity. Model-based analyses of motor control parameters revealed that these changes stemmed from reduced initial force generation in the feedforward control phase followed by compensatory feedback-based corrections. These findings support the body mass underestimation hypothesis while refuting the strategic slowing hypothesis. Importantly, the sensory estimate of bodily property in microgravity is biased but immune from sensorimotor adaptation, calling for an extension of existing theories of motor learning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.12.653611</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Humans underestimate their body mass in microgravity: evidence from reaching movements during spaceflight]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.652705v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Monte Carlo track-structure simulation of the impact of Ultra-Hight Dose Rate and oxygen concentration on the Fenton reaction. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.13.652705v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPreclinical investigations studies have shown that FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), delivering radiation in ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), preserves healthy tissue and reduces toxicity, all while maintaining an effective tumor response compared to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT), the combined biological benefit was termed as "FLASH effect". However, the mechanisms responsible for this effect remain unclear. Research demonstrated that oxygen concentration contributes to the FLASH effect, and it has been hypothesized that Fenton reaction might play a role in the "FLASH effect".

PurposeWe propose to investigate the effect of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR), compared to conventional dose rates (CONV), on the Fenton reaction by studying the radiolysis of Fricke solution. The study will focus on how dose, dose rate, and initial oxygen concentration influence the activation of the Fenton reaction.

Methods and MaterialsTOPAS-nBio version 2.0 was used to simulate the radiolysis of the Fricke system. A cubic water phantom of 3{micro}m side was irradiated by 300MeV protons on one of its edges. For UHDR, a proton field (1.5x1.5{micro}m2) was delivered in a single pulse of 1ns width. The protons were accumulated until reached 5Gy or 10Gy absorbed dose. For CONV, the independent history approach was used to mimic 60Co irradiation. For both dose-rates, oxygen concentrations representative of hypoxic and normoxic tissues (10- 250{micro}M) were simulated. The G-value for oxidant ions G(Fe3+) and {Delta}G-value of Fenton reaction (H2O2 + Fe2+[-&gt;] Fe3++*OH+OH-) were scored. The simulations ended after G(Fe3+) achieved steady-state, and calculated yields were compared with published data.

ResultsFor CONV, G(Fe3+) agreed with ICRU-report 34 data by (0.97{+/-}0.1) %. For UHDR, G(Fe3+) agreed with ICRU data by (1.24{+/-}0.1)% and (0.92{+/-}0.1)% for 5Gy and 10Gy, respectively. Notably, UHDR at 10 Gy reduced the occurrence of Fenton reactions by (1.0{+/-}0.1)% and (11.5{+/-}0.1)% at initial oxygen concentrations of 250 {micro}M and 10 {micro}M, respectively. In consequence, UHDR decreased G(Fe3+) by (1.8{+/-}0.1)% and (12.5{+/-}0.1)% at these oxygen levels. Additionally, increasing the absorbed dose to 15 Gy and 20 Gy at low oxygen (10 {micro}M), UHDR further reduced the {Delta}G-value by (15.7{+/-}0.1)% and (18.6{+/-}0.1)%, respectively. The decrease was driven by intertrack effects present in UHDR pulses and its impact on the scavenging effect that oxygen had over hydrogen radicals.

ConclusionsUHDR reduces the yield of Fe3+ (G(Fe3+)) and significantly impacts Fenton reactions, particularly at low oxygen concentrations, while showing minimal effects at higher oxygen levels. This effect becomes more pronounced at higher dose thresholds, such as 10-20 Gy. This emphasizes the important role of the initial oxygen concentration in UHDR and its influence on the Fenton reaction, a mechanism that may contribute to elucidate the FLASH effect.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chaoui, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tayalati, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bouhali, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ramos mendez, j.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.13.652705</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Monte Carlo track-structure simulation of the impact of Ultra-Hight Dose Rate and oxygen concentration on the Fenton reaction.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hi-Compass resolves cell-type chromatin interactions by single-cell and spatial ATAC-seq data across biological scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational prediction of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization provides an alternative approach to overcome the cost and technical limitations of Hi-C experiments. However, current Hi-C prediction models are constrained by their narrow applicability to studying the impact of genetic variation on genome folding in specific cell lines, significantly restricting their biological utility. We present Hi-Compass, a generalizable deep learning model that accurately predicts chromatin organization across diverse biological contexts, from bulk to single-cell samples. Hi-Compass outperforms existing methods in prediction accuracy and is generalizable to unseen cell types through chromatin accessibility data, enabling broad applications in single cell omics. Hi-Compass successfully resolves cell-type-specific 3D genome architectures in complex biological scenarios, including immune cell states, organ heterogeneity, and tissue spatial organization. Furthermore, Hi-Compass enables integrative analysis of single-cell multiome data, linking chromatin interaction dynamics to gene expression changes across cell clusters, and mapping disease variants to pathogenic genes. Hi-Compass also extends to spatial multi-omics data, generating spatially resolved Hi-C maps that reveal domain-specific chromatin interactions linked to spatial gene expression patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hi-Compass resolves cell-type chromatin interactions by single-cell and spatial ATAC-seq data across biological scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654016v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphatase activity is dispensable for PRL-3-mediated oncogenesis and tumor progression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654016v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL-3) is frequently upregulated in cancer and associated with poor prognosis, yet its oncogenic mechanism remains unresolved. Although traditionally studied for its phosphatase activity, PRL-3 also engages in protein-protein interactions via its catalytic site, notably binding the CNNM magnesium transporters, rendering these functions mutually exclusive. The commonly used C104S mutant disrupts both activities, confounding interpretations of prior studies. To dissect PRL-3s distinct functions, we employed mutants selectively deficient in phosphatase activity (C104D) or CNNM binding (R138E). In zebrafish models of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), as well as in human cancer cell lines, both wild-type PRL-3 and C104D enhanced tumor initiation, growth, and dissemination, while R138E had no effect. These findings indicate that PRL-3 promotes cancer via non-catalytic mechanisms. To support therapeutic development, we established an in vitro FRET-based assay to screen for inhibitors of the PRL-3:CNNM interaction and validated a cyclic peptide as a positive control. By demonstrating that PRL-3 enhances cancer progression independently of its catalytic activity, this study shifts focus toward targeting its binding functions as a therapeutic strategy.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=158 SRC="FIGDIR/small/654016v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (57K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@41de8dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7a3bbdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e800d2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@18df51a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG Statement of significanceThis study demonstrates that PRL-3 drives cancer initiation and progression through a phosphatase-independent mechanism across diverse models, highlighting the need to therapeutically target its non-catalytic protein interactions in future cancer treatment strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jolly, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Hamaly, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spielmann, H. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blackburn, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654016</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphatase activity is dispensable for PRL-3-mediated oncogenesis and tumor progression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Minimally invasive and in situ capacitive sensing of cardiac biomarker from interstitial fluid 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.14.654153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current diagnostic approaches for myocardial infarction (MI) rely on blood-based cardiac biomarker analysis by centralized instruments, often delaying timely clinical decisions. We present a microneedle-based capacitive biosensor (MiCaP) for in situ, minimally invasive monitoring of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in interstitial fluid (ISF) for point-of-care (POC) applications. MiCaP is a label-free biosensor operating based on non-faradaic sensing by monitoring electric double layer capacitance at the microneedle-ISF interface. We extracted a simplified equivalent circuit model for MiCaP inserted into skin, confirming that the measured capacitance variations originate from cTnI binding to surface-immobilized antibodies. MiCaP was fabricated using a scalable process and functionalized with anti-cTnI antibodies. In vitro measurements showed a dynamic detection range of 10 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL, a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.27 pg/mL, and a total assay turnaround time of less than 15 minutes. A spike-and-recovery test using cTnI-spiked human serum yielded a recovery accuracy exceeding 93%. In vivo studies in rats demonstrated ISF cTnI levels of 3 {+/-} 0.4 pg/mL in controls and 912 {+/-} 683 pg/mL in experimental animals, indicating an increasing trend consistent with serum concentrations measured using a clinical immunoassay. These results support the potential of MiCaP as a minimally invasive biosensing platform for cardiac biomarker monitoring, with possible extension to multiplexed ISF-based diagnostics in POC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mirzajani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zolfaghari, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koca, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urey, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.14.654153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Minimally invasive and in situ capacitive sensing of cardiac biomarker from interstitial fluid]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654719v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RBP47 family members are negative regulators of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654719v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stress granules (SGs) are liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates that sequester RNA, proteins, and metabolites to modulate cellular physiology under stress. In Arabidopsis, the RNA-binding protein RBP47b is a canonical SG marker, yet its functional contribution to thermotolerance remains unresolved. Here, we combined mTurboID proximity labeling with multi-omics profiling to define the RBP47b interactome and its physiological impact. mTurboID identified a stress-specific enrichment of 40S ribosomal subunits within RBP47b SGs, implicating these condensates in translational control. Surprisingly, quadruple mutant plants lacking all four RBP47 paralogues (rbp47abcc') displayed enhanced survival, attenuated growth delay, and faster recovery of photosynthetic efficiency after severe heat stress. Integrated transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses revealed that this gain of thermotolerance is associated with (i) accelerated re-initiation of translation, (ii) constitutively elevated jasmonate and oxylipin pools, and (iii) reduced ROS accumulation during heat and recovery. We conclude that the RBP47 family acts as a negative regulator of heat tolerance by sequestering 40S subunits and limiting translational restart; loss of these SG scaffolds pre-primes jasmonate-dependent detoxification pathways and expedites proteome rebuilding, thereby conferring superior thermotolerance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hernandez-Sanchez, I. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarbiyyah, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kearly, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Seidel, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maruri-Lopez, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>S. Rissland, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sioud, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schwarzenberg, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson Dittrich, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chodasiewicz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.654719</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RBP47 family members are negative regulators of heat stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.654529v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Progressive neuroinflammation and deficits in motor function in a mouse model with an Epg5 pathogenic variant of Vici syndrome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.16.654529v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Vici syndrome (VS) is a rare pediatric genetic disorder characterized by profound developmental delay, seizures, immune deficits, cardiomyopathy, and progressive motor dysfunction. This devastating condition is caused by pathogenic variants in the EPG5 gene, which encodes a regulator of autophagy, leading to the accumulation of toxic intracellular material and widespread cellular dysfunction. There are no effective treatments for disorders associated with pathogenic variants of EPG5. The underlying mechanisms driving the progressive neurological decline in VS remain poorly understood. Previous studies using Epg5 knockout models have demonstrated severe neurological phenotypes; however these models have not been characterized for molecular and cellular deficits within the central nervous system. We report the generation and analysis of novel genetically engineered mice with mutations in Epg5, including a strain harboring a truncating mutation that recapitulates a VS patient-derived pathogenic variant and a strain with an Epg5 null allele. These novel Epg5 mutant mouse models exhibited partial perinatal lethality. Neurological deficits of surviving were detectable by six weeks of age, which worsen over time. Histological analysis revealed widespread expansion of microglia and astrocytes throughout the CNS. Transcriptomic profiling of CNS tissue revealed robust neuroinflammatory signatures, sharing molecular profiles with disease-associated microglia observed in other models of neurological disease and injury. The analysis of these novel mouse models of Vici syndrome suggest a critical role for neuroglial activation in the pathogenesis of VS. These novel in vivo models will be an essential platform for preclinical evaluation of therapeutics that target autophagy-related neurodegeneration in congenital disorders of autophagy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thornton, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardinger, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pence, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prem Kumar, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connolly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weir, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vivian, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.16.654529</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Progressive neuroinflammation and deficits in motor function in a mouse model with an Epg5 pathogenic variant of Vici syndrome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654650v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mechanism-driven screening of membrane-targeting and pore-forming antimicrobial peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.17.654650v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The rise of antibiotic resistance has generated an urgent demand for the discovery of new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), prompting the development of various screening strategies. However, the specific function mechanisms of AMPs are often overlooked during the screening and optimization processes. In this study, we introduce a mechanism-driven screening approach that employs machine learning-based computational models to identify peptide sequences that target membranes and form pores. This approach explicitly considers critical factors such as structural features, membrane ainity, and the ability of peptides to oligomerize. Our method was applied to the metaproteomes of poison frogs, African clawed frogs, and human skin, followed by experimental validation. Seven peptides were successfully screened, each demonstrating antimicrobial activity with minimal hemolysis and cytotoxicity. These peptides exhibited membrane disruption capabilities in liposome leakage assays, with three showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, single-molecule experiments indicated that these peptides can oligomerize on membranes, while electrophysiological measurements detected pore formation, confirming the effectiveness of our screening strategy. Therefore, our screening approach can effectively identify AMP sequences that act through membrane-targeting and poreforming mechanisms, offering a promising, mechanism-driven strategy for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents to combat antibiotic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bada Juarez, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wettstein, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.17.654650</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mechanism-driven screening of membrane-targeting and pore-forming antimicrobial peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654959v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tomosyn-2 Regulates Postnatal β-Cell Expansion and Insulin Secretion to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654959v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from proliferative to functionally mature {beta}-cells is a critical developmental process, yet the molecular mechanisms that coordinate this shift remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Tomosyn-2 as a key regulator of {beta}-cell maturation. Tomosyn-2 expression declines with age in mouse islets, coinciding with enhanced biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and reduced {beta}-cell proliferation. Genetic deletion of Tomosyn-2 improves glucose tolerance, elevates plasma insulin levels, and augments islet insulin secretion, without altering systemic insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, Tomosyn-2 interacts with syntaxin-1A (Stx1A) to inhibit insulin granule exocytosis by limiting SNARE complex formation. Transcriptomic and network analyses reveal that Tomosyn-2 loss reprograms gene expression to strengthen the coupling between insulin secretion and proliferative pathways. Its deletion also reduces {beta}-cell proliferation and mass expansion, suppresses cell cycle and Akt1 signaling, and promotes {beta}-cell identity, maturation, and altered islet architecture. These findings identify Tomosyn-2 as a crucial molecular switch that orchestrates the balance between proliferation and functional maturation during postnatal {beta}-cell development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perez, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahman, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alsharif, H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatnagar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654959</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tomosyn-2 Regulates Postnatal β-Cell Expansion and Insulin Secretion to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655254v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced anti-nociception by novel dual antagonists for 5HT2aR and mGluR5 in preclinical models of pain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.21.655254v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Significant research has focused on developing anti-nociceptive pain treatments by targeting specific molecular candidates. The serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) are recognized as key mediators in neuropathic pain. However, the combined effects of simultaneous inhibition of these targets remain unexplored. This current study investigated the therapeutic potential of concurrently antagonizing 5-HT2AR and mGluR5. Using spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and formalin-induced pain models in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we demonstrated that the simultaneous administration of both antagonists significantly enhanced anti-allodynic and anti-nociceptive effects, resulting in increased allodynia thresholds and reduced pain-related behaviors. This dual antagonism provided pain relief comparable to that of gabapentin and morphine. Furthermore, novel small molecules designed to simultaneously antagonize 5-HT2AR and mGluR5 exerted anti-nociceptive effects by suppressing excitatory postsynaptic responses and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT signaling molecules. Notably, the dual antagonist maintained anti-allodynic efficacy with repeated administration, unlike morphine, which exhibited clear tolerance development with daily use. Moreover, when administered intravenously, the dual antagonist demonstrated a low potential for abuse. These findings indicate that the simultaneous antagonism of 5-HT2AR and mGluR5 represents a promising pharmacological target for the management of chronic pain. This approach may offer enhanced analgesic outcomes while reducing the risk of undesirable side effects, such as tolerance and the potential for abuse.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hur, K.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nho, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, C.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.21.655254</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced anti-nociception by novel dual antagonists for 5HT2aR and mGluR5 in preclinical models of pain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654696v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Maximum Entropy in the Gaussian Network Model: A Thermodynamic Reference State for Protein Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.18.654696v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric communication in proteins relies on network connectivity patterns that channel conformational signals between distant sites. We introduce a unified mathematical framework based on three complementary measures of network organization derived from a single quantity. The first, the dynamic distance Rij, quantifies the mean-squared relative fluctuation between residue pairs. From this foundation, we derive two further metrics: the edge centrality, which identifies contacts critical for global connectivity by measuring their recurrence across all possible communication pathways, and the entropy sensitivity, which quantifies how perturbations to specific interactions alter system-wide flexibility. The mathematical structure shows that both topological centrality and thermodynamic sensitivity are linear functions of the dynamic distance. This derived unification demonstrates that residue pairs with high dynamic dissimilarity simultaneously function as flexible bottlenecks essential for allosteric communication. Applied to the oncoprotein KRAS, all three measures converge to identify the same residue pairs, corresponding to experimentally known allosteric sites. This convergence provides a unified graph-theoretical explanation for their functional importance. Analysis of the G12D mutation and adagrasib binding shows how local perturbations rewire global communication pathways, highlighting specific residue pairs that gain or lose importance as network bottlenecks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.18.654696</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Maximum Entropy in the Gaussian Network Model: A Thermodynamic Reference State for Protein Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Transposable elements drive species-specific and tissue-specific transcriptomes in human development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.19.654775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) are an abundant and crucial regulatory resource in the human genome. Serving as alternative promoters, TEs can be reactivated and produce TE-initiated transcripts, which play importance roles in early development and differentiated tissues. However, the prevalence and function of TE-initiated transcription in human development are poorly characterized.

ResultsWe identified 12,918 TE-initiated transcripts across 40 human body sites and embryonic stem cells. Among TE-initiated transcripts, 80% were activated in a tissue-specific manner. TEs with tissue-specific transcription factor binding motifs were enriched in particular tissues. Additionally, approximately half of TE-derived TSSs were primates-specific. Notably, 375 primates-specific TE-derived TSSs were found to create novel tissue-specific gene expression patterns during evolution.

ConclusionsOur results characterize the global profile of TE-initiated transcription and enhance our understanding of TE contribution to the primate-specific gene regulatory networks in human development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>She, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.19.654775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Transposable elements drive species-specific and tissue-specific transcriptomes in human development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.654704v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Improved Anisotropic Network Models for Membrane Protein Dynamics and Mechanosensitive Ion Channels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.22.654704v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are crucial for translating mechanical stimuli into cellular responses; however, their dynamic properties pose significant challenges for experimental investigations. This study introduces two enhanced Anisotropic Network Models (ANMs) that incorporate Membrane Contact Probability (MCP) to more effectively capture the influence of the cell membrane on protein dynamics. MCP-ANM and MCP-mANM (multiscale ANM) outperform traditional ANM models that do not explicitly consider membranes when predicting the flexibility of various types of membrane proteins. Furthermore, by integrating MCP-mANM with Perturbation Response Scanning (PRS), we are able to effciently simulate the conformational changes of MS proteins subjected to different mechanical forces. This methodology allows for the examination of various gating mechanisms, including force-from-lipids and force-from-tether, across multiple MS ion channels such as NOMPC, MscS, and PIEZO. The calculated mechanosensitivity of the MS channels aligns well with the experimental findings. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of MCP-incorporated ANM in linking mechanical stimuli to protein dynamics, providing a reliable and effcient framework for understanding the mechanotransduction and gating mechanisms of MS ion channels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.22.654704</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Improved Anisotropic Network Models for Membrane Protein Dynamics and Mechanosensitive Ion Channels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655871v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bridging Scales: Spectral Theory Reveals How Local Connectivity Rules Sculpt Global Neural Dynamics in Spatially Extended Networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.23.655871v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brains diverse spatiotemporal activity patterns are fundamental to cognition and consciousness, yet how these macroscopic dynamics emerge from microscopic neural circuitry remains a critical challenge. We address this by developing a spatially extended neural network model integrated with a spectral theory of its connectivity matrix. Our theory quantitatively demonstrates how local structural parameters, such as E/I neuron projection ranges, connection strengths, and density determine distinct features of the eigenvalue spectrum, specifically outlier eigenvalues and a bulk disk. These spectral signatures, in turn, precisely predict the networks emergent global dynamical regime, encompassing asynchronous states, synchronous states, oscillations, localized activity bumps, traveling waves, and chaos. Motivated by observations of shifting cortical dynamics in mice across arousal states, our framework not only explains this repertoire of behaviors but also offers a principled approach to inferring underlying effective connectivity changes from macroscopic brain activity. By mechanistically linking neural structure to dynamics, this work provides a powerful tool for understanding brain function and paves the way for identifying potential biomarkers for neurological disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.23.655871</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bridging Scales: Spectral Theory Reveals How Local Connectivity Rules Sculpt Global Neural Dynamics in Spatially Extended Networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.24.655877v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ROMO1 loss in cholinergic neurons induces mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and ALS-like neuromuscular degeneration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.24.655877v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. However, it remains obscure whether mitochondrial abnormities are sufficient to drive ALS development. Here, we show that selective depletion of reactive oxygen species modulator 1 (ROMO1), an inner mitochondrial membrane-delimited protein, in cholinergic neurons leads to adult-onset, progressive locomotor deficits in mice that closely resemble ALS pathology. ROMO1 ablation in cholinergic neurons induces ALS-like neuromuscular degeneration, as evidenced by age-dependent motor neuron loss, axon degeneration, disrupted cholinergic transmission, neuromuscular junction denervation, and the resultant muscle atrophy. Notably, ROMO1 loss induces early and progressive mitochondrial cristae deformation in motor neurons, preceding the onset of ALS-like syndromes. Our findings support that mitochondrial impairment in vulnerable motor neurons is a sufficient contributor to ALS etiology, positioning mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nie, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.24.655877</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ROMO1 loss in cholinergic neurons induces mitochondrial ultrastructural damage and ALS-like neuromuscular degeneration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.655997v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative assessment of co-folding methods for molecular glue ternary structure prediction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.655997v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Molecular glues (MGs) represent an emerging therapeutic paradigm capable of inducing or stabilizing protein-protein interactions, with broad applications in creating neomorphic interactomes and targeted protein degradation. However, current discovery efforts remain largely confined to experimental screening, while in silico rational design of MGs persists as a formidable challenge. A critical step toward rational design lies in accurate ternary complex modeling. Given the scarcity of such complexes in the Protein Data Bank for training specialized predictive models, we tested the ability of recently developed co-folding models, including AlphaFold 3, Boltz-1, Chai-1, Protenix, and RoseTTAFold All-Atom in building the complex models. We systematically curated a dataset, named MG-PDB, with 221 non-covalent MG-engaged ternary complexes. MGBench were further introduced as a comprehensive benchmark set, which comprises 88 ternary structures excluded from co-folding models training data through rigorous time-based partitioning. Our benchmark results demonstrated that AlphaFold3 achieved the best overall performance among co-folding methods, in terms of both protein-protein interaction interface prediction (50.6% success rate) and MG-protein interaction recovery (32.9% success rate). However, our homology study showed that most of their successful predictions actually stemmed from memorization. Further analysis revealed three phenomena of current co-folding methods for MG ternary structure prediction. Firstly, these methods struggle to accurately model large interaction interfaces. Secondly, their predictive accuracy is notably reduced for domain-domain complexes compared to domain-motif interactions. Lastly, they face specific challenges in modeling MG degrader complexes with sufficient accuracy. We showcased they relied on the existing interaction patterns, and highlighted the need for further improved in novel E3 ligase systems. These findings reveal fundamental gaps in existing methods to learn atomic-level interaction rules for MG-engaged ternary complex modeling. MG-PDB and MGBench provide critical resources and mechanistic insights to advance computational MG discovery.

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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.25.655997</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative assessment of co-folding methods for molecular glue ternary structure prediction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.655095v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Aptamer-Enabled Discovery and Clinical Analysis of Exosomal Surface Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.655095v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Exosomal membrane proteins hold promise as cancer biomarkers but face detection challenges due to low abundance and conformational sensitivity. We developed AptEx-ID, a microbead-displayed aptamer platform enabling high- throughput screening of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific exosomal surface proteins. Aptamers, selected via competitive binding to tumor-derived versus healthy exosomes, demonstrated high affinity and specificity. Clinical validation using 50 HCC and 30 control plasma samples identified a 7-aptamer panel via machine learning, achieving 93.75% accuracy and 0.95 ROC-AUC. These aptamers further revealed HCC-associated biomarkers (e.g., IMPDH1, ASCC3, GTSE1), validated by siRNA knockdown and biophysical assays. Post-treatment monitoring showed aptamer signal reduction in responsive patients, highlighting their prognostic utility. This platform integrates biomarker discovery, diagnostics, and therapeutic monitoring, offering a robust approach for HCC management through exosomal surface proteome profiling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.655095</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Aptamer-Enabled Discovery and Clinical Analysis of Exosomal Surface Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.656045v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical prediction and perturbation of chromatin organization reveal how loop domains mediate higher-order architectures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.25.656045v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The genome is folded within the dense cell nucleus in a hierarchical manner, resulting in complex interactions between distinct folding strategies at various length scales. To elucidate how short-range loop domains regulate higher-order structures of the chromatin, such as topologically associating domains (TADs) and compartments, we introduce HiCGen, a hierarchical and cell-type-specific generator based on Swin-transformer architecture. HiCGen predicts genome organization across different spatial scales utilizing DNA sequence and genomic features as inputs. The model enables in silico screening through genetic or epigenetic perturbations on genome architecture, with resolution down to 1 kb. Our analysis reveals unexpected linear correlations between loop properties and genome organization at various levels, including insulation degree, compartmentalization, and contact intensity over genomic distances exceeding 10 Mb. Regional or global perturbation conducted by HiCGen provides biological implications for such cross-scale correlations and their genome-function dependence. Notably, perturbation analysis of the human genome in sigmoid colon tissue demonstrates that modest activation of carcinogenesis-associated enhancers is sufficient to hijack nearby promoter, reshape TAD boundaries, and even flip compartment at mega-base scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.25.656045</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical prediction and perturbation of chromatin organization reveal how loop domains mediate higher-order architectures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656589v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
VAB-8/KIF26, LIN-17/Frizzled, and EFN-4/Ephrin, control distinct stages of posterior neuroblast migration downstream of the MAB-5/Hox transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656589v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hox transcription factors are involved in neuronal and neural crest development and differentiation, including migration, but the genetic programs employed by Hox genes to regulate terminal differentiation remain to be defined. In C. elegans, the Antennapedia-like Hox factor MAB-5 is both necessary and sufficient to induce posterior migration of the Q lineage neuroblasts and neurons downstream of canonical Wnt signaling. Q lineage fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA seq in mab-5 loss-of-function and gain-of-function backgrounds revealed genes with expression in the Q lineage dependent upon MAB-5. Here, the roles of three mab-5 target genes in QL lineage posterior migration are delineated, vab-8/KIF26, lin-17/Fz, and efn-4/Ephrin. First, live, time-lapse imaging of QL.a and QL.ap posterior migration revealed that this migration occurs in three distinct stages: QL.a migration posterior to QL.p; after QL.a division, posterior migration of QL.ap to a region immediately anterior to the anus; and final migration of QL.ap posterior to the anus to the final position where it differentiates into the PQR neuron. vab-8 affected each of the three stages, lin-17 affected stages two and three, and efn-4 was required for the third stage of posterior QL.ap migration. Thus, different MAB-5 target genes control distinct stages of posterior migration. mab-20/Semaphorin, a known interaction partner with efn-4, also affected only the third stage similar to efn-4. Suppression of mab-5 gof posterior migration confirmed that these genes act downstream of mab-5 in posterior migration. Possibly, VAB-8/KIF26 trafficks distinct molecules to the plasma membrane that mediate distinct stages of migration, including LIN-17/Fz and EFN-4. Surpisingly, failure of stages two and three led to the premature extension of a posterior dendritic protrusion, which normally forms after QL.ap had migrated to its final position and PQR differentiation begins. This suggests a link between migration and differentiation, where differentiation is delayed while migration proceeds. In sum, this works delineates a transcriptional program downstream of mab-5/Hox that controls posterior neuroblast migration, in response to Wnt signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656589</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[VAB-8/KIF26, LIN-17/Frizzled, and EFN-4/Ephrin, control distinct stages of posterior neuroblast migration downstream of the MAB-5/Hox transcription factor in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656341v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
How Good is AlphaFold3 at Ranking Drug Binding Affinities? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656341v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate affinity ranking of small molecules is pivotal for drug discovery. We investigate whether structure prediction models like AlphaFold3, pretrained on protein-ligand interactions, can address this task. Zero-shot evaluation of Protenix (an AlphaFold3-like model) demonstrates superior prioritization of active compounds over conventional scoring functions and state-of-the-art deep learning models. By further fine-tuning Protenix on structure-agnostic protein-ligand bioactivity data from ChEMBL and BindingDB, we develop AlphaRank that predicts pairwise affinity relationships. AlphaRank achieves prediction accuracy comparable to computationally intensive free energy perturbation (FEP+) workflows on standard benchmarks, while requiring substantially less computational resources. Our findings highlight the emergent potential of AlphaFold3-derived models in affinity ranking tasks and emphasize the necessity for targeted methodological exploration to fully harness their capabilities in drug discovery applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656341</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[How Good is AlphaFold3 at Ranking Drug Binding Affinities?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.654767v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural innovations and neurogenic continuity define avian brain development and evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.30.654767v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how neurogenic diversity and brain architecture emerge is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms of brain plasticity and cognitive evolution. Here, we present a comprehensive single-cell and spatial transcriptomic atlas of the budgerigar brain, a highly cognitive avian species. We uncover a striking dorsoventral symmetry in excitatory neuron distribution, precisely organized along the lamina mesopallialis intermedia (LMI), a key boundary structure. Cross-species comparisons further reveal the origins of this unique avian pallial organization, offering new insight into avian brain evolution. Our study also highlights distinct developmental trajectories and asynchronous maturation patterns between telencephalic and optic tectum excitatory neurons, underscoring their contribution to innate circuit assembly. Furthermore, we identify adult neural stem cells (NSCs) with evolutionarily conserved transcriptomic signatures across avian species, emphasizing their role in brain plasticity and adaptation. These findings refine fundamental models of avian brain development and elucidate conserved principles of cognitive plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-05-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.30.654767</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural innovations and neurogenic continuity define avian brain development and evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-05-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656503v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Locomotion-induced neural activity independent of auditory feedback in the mouse inferior colliculus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.27.656503v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accumulating evidence indicates that the auditory pathway integrates movement-related signals with auditory input, yet the precise sources and mechanisms of this integration across various processing levels are incompletely understood. The inferior colliculus (IC), a major midbrain hub in the auditory pathway, shows widespread modulation of neural activity during locomotion, indicating that auditory neurons at this level are sensitive to ongoing movement. However, in hearing animals, it has been challenging to dissociate auditory feedback from other motor-related signals. In this study, to isolate non-auditory contributions, we recorded IC neural activity during locomotion in deafened mice, thereby eliminating all auditory feedback through both air and bone conduction. Even in the absence of auditory input, IC neurons exhibited robust, bidirectional modulation during locomotion. Timing analysis using electromyography revealed both predictive and feedback components relative to locomotion onset. Furthermore, the timing and direction of modulation varied considerably across different locomotion bouts, suggesting convergence of multiple non-auditory inputs. These findings demonstrate that non-auditory, movement-related signals significantly shape auditory midbrain activity through both predictive and feedback mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Y. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.27.656503</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Locomotion-induced neural activity independent of auditory feedback in the mouse inferior colliculus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656405v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Controllable Gap Junctions by Vitamin B12 and Light 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656405v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gap junctions, mediate rapid signal transduction between contiguous cells, which are indispensable for multicellular organisms to coordinate cellular activities across numerous physiological processes. However, precise control of gap junctions remains elusive. Herein, we present CarGAP, a single-component chemo-optogenetic tool that utilizes the C-terminal adenosylcobalamin (AdoB12) binding domain of a photoreceptor protein (i.e., CarHC) to achieve reversible control over both vertebrate and invertebrate gap junctions with spatiotemporal precision. The vertebrate CarGAP (i.e., Cx-CarGAP), created by genetically fusing connexins with CarHC in mammalian cells, can efficiently block the gap junction channels through AdoB12-induced protein oligomerization, and subsequently reinstate them via green light-induced protein disassembly. We further introduced the CarGAP system (i.e., Inx-CarGAP) to the Drosophila ovary, enabling reversible control over the heterotypic gap junctions formed by innexin2 (Inx2) and innexin4 (Inx4, also known as zero population growth, Zpg), thereby uncovering the roles of gap junctions in stem cell-niche interactions. This study illustrates CarGAP as a generalizable chemo-optogenetic tool for interrogating the functions of gap junctions in various biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cui, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656405</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Controllable Gap Junctions by Vitamin B12 and Light]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pyruvate kinase activates SARM1 to exacerbate axonal degeneration in diabetic peripheral neuropathy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.28.656718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and disabling complication of diabetes, characterized by progressive axonal degeneration. However, the molecular link between hyperglycemia and axon injury remains unclear. Here, we identify pyruvate kinase M (PKM) as a direct metabolic activator of the NADase SARM1 under high-glucose conditions. Proteomic and biochemical analyses reveal that PKM binds the TIR domain of SARM1 via its C-terminal region, allosterically enhancing NADase activity independently of PKMs glycolytic role. In dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, hyperglycemia strengthens the PKM-SARM1 interaction, driving NAD depletion, axonal fragmentation, and sensory dysfunction. Genetic depletion of PKM protects against streptozotocin-induced neuropathy, preserving nerve fiber density, restoring NAD levels, and alleviating mechanical allodynia. Most notably, we developed Pep-SP1, a competitive inhibitory peptide derived from residues 645-655 of the SARM1 TIR domain, which selectively disrupts the PKM-SARM1 interaction without impairing PKM metabolism or SARM1 catalytic activity. Systemic delivery of Pep-SP1 attenuates axonal degeneration and improves sensory outcomes in diabetic mice. By targeting a disease-potentiating interface, we expand therapeutic strategies beyond catalytic and allosteric inhibition, offering a mechanistically distinct avenue for axon protection with broad relevance to metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YU, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.28.656718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pyruvate kinase activates SARM1 to exacerbate axonal degeneration in diabetic peripheral neuropathy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.29.656768v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A photostable genetically encoded voltage indicator for imaging neural activities in tissue and live animals 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.29.656768v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable noninvasive, high-speed monitoring of electrical activity but are constrained by limited brightness and rapid photobleaching under continuous illumination. Here, we present Vega, a highly photostable green fluorescence GEVI with both high sensitivity ({Delta}F/F = -33% per 100 mV) and fast response (1.34 ms). Under one-photon excitation at 1 W/cm2, Vega exhibits more than 20-fold slower photobleaching than the spectrally similar GEVI, Ace-mNeon2. In acute mouse brain slice, Vega enabled wide-field high-fidelity recording of action potentials from 51 neurons simultaneously. In pancreatic islets, it revealed heterogeneous {beta}-cell activation and intercellular coupling in response to glucose elevation. Finally, one-photon imaging in awake mice demonstrated stable cortical voltage mapping in vivo. Vega thus overcomes the longstanding photostability-performance trade-off, enabling chronic, high-fidelity voltage imaging across preparations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subach, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piatkevich, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.29.656768</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A photostable genetically encoded voltage indicator for imaging neural activities in tissue and live animals]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.29.656780v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell Characterization of DNA Hydroxymethylation of the Mouse Brain During Aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.05.29.656780v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation dynamics, including 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC), critically regulate brain function, yet conventional methods cannot distinguish these modifications, obscuring their distinct roles in gene regulation and aging. We present Joint- Cabernet, a bisulfite-free single-cell platform enabling simultaneous profiling of 5hmC, 5mC, and transcriptomes. Applying Joint-Cabernet to 84,071 nuclei from adult and aged mouse brains, we resolved cell-type-specific DNA hydroxymethylation landscapes, revealing elevated 5hmCG and 5hmCH levels in transcriptionally active genes across neuronal subtypes and spatial gradients in cortical layers. During aging, 5hmCG accumulates globally but is selectively enriched at open chromatin loci, aligning with the upregulation of cell-type-specific genes in distinct brain cell types. This single-cell DNA methylation brain cell atlas provides a framework for studying methylation- driven mechanisms in brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.05.29.656780</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell Characterization of DNA Hydroxymethylation of the Mouse Brain During Aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant Human ABL-1 Kinase for Structure-Based Drug Screening Applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abelson-1 (ABL-1) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays essential roles in various cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, differentiation and its kinase activity is tightly regulated. The dysregulated ABL-1 kinase activity is linked to disease pathogenesis like Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), where the BCR::ABL-1 fusion oncoprotein drives oncogenic signaling. Due to its central role in CML pathogenesis, understanding the structure of ABL-1 is crucial for the effective management of the disease and drug development studies. This study focuses on optimizing the expression, purification and crystallization of the recombinant human ABL-1 kinase domain for its structural analysis via X-ray crystallography and structure-based drug screening applications. The human ABL-1 kinase domain, fused with a SUMO-tag, was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 BL21 using the pET28(a)+ expression vector. The ABL-1 aggregates seen under native culture conditions were successfully solubilized by mild ionic detergent sarkosyl. After obtaining soluble expression of the protein, Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed and high tiled of purified ABL-1 was obtained. The 6X-His-SUMO-tag of purified ABL1 was cleaved by ULP1 protease. The recombinant ABL-1 was subsequently used in crystallization trials for enlightening structural features of ABL-1 that could guide the development of novel therapeutics and drug screening platforms targeting ABL-1 in CML.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Irgit, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant Human ABL-1 Kinase for Structure-Based Drug Screening Applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657423v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential metaproteomics of bacteria grown in vitro and in planta reveals functions used during growth on maize roots 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657423v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbes are ubiquitous in the rhizosphere and play crucial roles in plant health, yet the metabolisms and physiologies of individual species in planta remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined microbial gene expression in response to the maize root environment for seven bacterial species originally isolated from maize roots. We grew each species individually, both in vitro in a minimal medium and in planta, and used differential metaproteomics to identify functions upregulated specifically when bacteria are grown on maize roots. We identified between 1,500 and 2,100 proteins from each species, with approximately 30-70% of these proteins being differentially abundant between the two conditions. While we found that transporter proteins were upregulated in all species in planta, all other differentially abundant functions varied greatly between species, suggesting niche specialization in root-associated microbes. Indeed, in vitro assays confirmed that Curtobacterium pusillum likely degrades plant hemicellulose, Enterobacter ludwigii may benefit the plant by phosphate solubilization, and Herbaspirillum robiniae colonizes maize roots more effectively when both of its Type VI Secretion Systems are functional. Together, our findings highlight both conserved and species-specific bacterial strategies for growth in the root environment and lay a foundation for future work investigating the mechanisms underlying plant-microbiota interactions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garrell, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheadle, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crook, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Septer, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657423</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential metaproteomics of bacteria grown in vitro and in planta reveals functions used during growth on maize roots]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.01.657218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for monitoring spatiotemporal prostaglandin E2 dynamics in vivo 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.01.657218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important lipid signaling molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. However, its dynamics during these processes are largely unknown due to the lack of tools to directly visualize PGE2 with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we developed and characterized a genetically encoded PGE2 sensor, which we call GRABPGE2-1.0 (PGE2-1.0), that has high specificity for PGE2, nanomolar affinity, rapid kinetics, and high spatial resolution when expressed both in vitro and in vivo. Using fiber-photometry recordings, we found that PGE2-1.0 can reliably monitor endogenous PGE2 dynamics in the preoptic area in the brain during acute inflammation. The wide-field in vivo imaging with PGE2-1.0 reveals spatial heterogeneity in cortex-wide PGE2 dynamics during acute inflammation and seizure. Thus, our PGE2-1.0 sensor can be used to detect endogenous PGE2 dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution, providing a robust tool for studying PGE2 under specific physiological and pathological conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.01.657218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for monitoring spatiotemporal prostaglandin E2 dynamics in vivo]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Production, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Domain (EGFR-TKD) for Drug Screening Applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Withdrawal StatementWe request the withdrawal of our preprint (MS ID#: BIORXIV/2025/657332) because the experimental data and analyses presented in the current version are not up to date. Additional experiments and methodological clarifications are required for the accurate interpretation of the results. In its current form, the manuscript may lead to misinterpretation. Therefore, to prevent the dissemination of incomplete or outdated information, we request the withdrawal of the preprint.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>TOPALAN, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Production, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Domain (EGFR-TKD) for Drug Screening Applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657378v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Production, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Domain (HER2-TKD) as a Platform for Structure-Based Drug Screening 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657378v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase domain (HER2-TKD) plays a central role in signal transduction and is a significant therapeutic target in cancer. This study aimed to produce soluble recombinant HER2-TKD in Escherichia coli to enable structural studies for drug screening applications. The HER2-TKD gene was cloned into the pET28a(+) expression vector and expressed in E. coli. Initial expression led to the formation of inclusion bodies; thus, sarcosyl was used to solubilize the aggregated protein. Several induction durations were tested to optimize soluble expression. SDS-PAGE analysis was used to monitor expression and solubilization efficiency. The recombinant protein was purified using size-exclusion chromatography and reverse affinity chromatography to remove the SUMO tag. Crystallization trials were initiated using commercial screens to obtain diffraction-quality crystals. Soluble HER2-TKD was successfully obtained after optimization of induction and solubilization conditions. Crystallization efforts are ongoing to improve crystal quality for future structural analysis. These results provide a foundation for structure-based drug discovery studies targeting HER2.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Topalan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657378</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Production, Purification, and Crystallization of Recombinant HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Domain (HER2-TKD) as a Platform for Structure-Based Drug Screening]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.656972v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling the cost of gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.656972v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene expression is essential for biological functions but also incurs a fitness cost. Although the fitness cost can be experimentally measured as the relative reduction in growth rate, it remains unclear how the cost quantitatively depends on different limiting factors. In this work, we establish a resource competition model and disentangle the fitness cost into components arising from limiting resources, including ribosomes, RNA polymerases, and transcription factors. Comparing our model predictions with experimental data for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that ribosome competition dominates the translation cost, and that transcription factor competition dominates the transcription cost. Our model reveals that the fitness costs originate from the processes of transcription and translation, rather than from the products. The model also systematically connects the fitness cost to genetic and environmental properties, making quantitative predictions consistent with various experimental observations. Our work establishes a systematic framework for gene expression cost, guiding synthetic biology to optimize genetic design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.656972</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling the cost of gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657330v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PANDA: A simple and affordable chamber system for measuring the whole-plant net CO2 flux 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.657330v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The carbon (C) balance of plants is the sum of all source and sink processes. However, due to methodological limitations, most studies focus predominantly on measurements of leaf-level assimilation and respiration, with less attention given to these processes in heterotrophic organs or the whole-plant level. As a result, knowledge of the whole-plant net C balance is scarce, limiting our understanding of the dynamics between C source and sink activities. Therefore, we developed an easily reproducible chamber system for continuous measurements of whole-plant net CO2 fluxes. We present the obtained dynamics of net CO2 fluxes of several C3 and CAM species, including germinating Quercus robur, over several days, as well as the whole-plant net CO2 flux temperature response of Q. robur seedlings, identifying the temperature thresholds at which they shift from a net CO2 sink to source. We show distinct diel patterns of net CO2 fluxes in C3 plants, likely driven by a dynamic diurnal up- and downregulation of sink activities in woody C3 plants. These patterns appear temperature-driven, suggesting a dynamic response of plants sink and source activity to environmental drivers. Our results highlight the importance of whole-plant C balance measurements for understanding plant responses to environmental conditions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schuler, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pittet, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Favre, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grossiord, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.657330</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PANDA: A simple and affordable chamber system for measuring the whole-plant net CO2 flux]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.654060v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Primary tumor microbiomes predict distant metastasis of colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.02.654060v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Metastasis causes most cancer-related deaths in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and microbiome markers may have prognostic value. We hypothesized that primary tumor microbiomes predict distant metastases. We analyzed 5-year metastasis-free survival (MFS) in a retrospective cohort of 900 ORIEN CRC tumor microbiomes (RNAseq). ORIEN findings were validated on an independent cohort using 16S rDNA sequencing and pathobiont-specific qPCR. Microbiome alpha diversity was higher in primary tumors than metastases and positively correlated with metastasis risk. Microbiome beta diversity distinguished primary vs. metastasis and predicted 5-year MFS. High primary tumor abundance of B. fragilis and low F. nucleatum were associated with short MFS. Enterobacteriaceae, including E. coli, were enriched in metastases. qPCR identified increased enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and pks+ E. coli detection in CRC metastasizers. Microbial co-occurrence analysis identified a 3-species clique that predicts metastasis (OR 1.9 [1.4-2.6]). Results suggest that primary tumor microbiomes and specific pathobionts are precision markers for metastasis risk.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parajuli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Midya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiddle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Jager, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggers, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spakowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyd, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salhia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rounbehler, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rutkowski, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarhini, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudaranthakam, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocklage, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lentz, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatoum, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilozumba, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Round, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedlinger, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shriver, C. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.02.654060</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Primary tumor microbiomes predict distant metastasis of colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657582v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species promote Salmonella aggresome formation contributing to bacterial antibiotic persistence 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.03.657582v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we reveal that macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger the rapid formation of Salmonella aggresomes, which substantially contribute to the increased frequency of persisters induced by phagocytosis. Salmonella containing aggresomes exhibited a dormant phenotype characterized by reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and decreased metabolic activity. Furthermore, these dormant bacteria showed upregulated expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS)-related genes, followed by later expression of SPI-2 T3SS-related genes when macrophages ROS production declined. Our results demonstrate that Salmonella containing aggresomes can enter a dormant state to escape antibiotic attack, while crucially maintaining the ability to resuscitate when the stress environment is improved. Research on bacterial aggresomes could potentially provide therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial antibiotic persistence.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=122 SRC="FIGDIR/small/657582v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ke, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leake, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, F. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.657582</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species promote Salmonella aggresome formation contributing to bacterial antibiotic persistence]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658288v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
METTL5 Blockade Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Response via Inducing Neoantigen Generation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658288v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tumor neoantigens play a pivotal role in eliciting tumor-specific immune responses and holds the promise for personalized immunotherapy. However, previous studies mainly focused on the tumor-specific neoantigens derived from genomic mutation and aberrant RNA splicing, limiting the repertoire of targetable neoantigens. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of rRNA methyltransferase METTL5 translationally increases neoantigen production and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, METTL5-mediated m6A modification at the decoding center of small ribosomal subunit maintains the proper function of ribosome during mRNA translation. METTL5-deficiency decreases translation fidelity and increases production of tumor cell-specific antigens derived from non-canonical translation. Furthermore, we found that Mettl5-depletion increased CD8T cell infiltration density and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity in murine tumor models. Importantly, this immunostimulatory effect strictly depended on intact antigen presentation pathways, suggesting that Mettl5 knockout exerts its effects primarily through neoantigen generation. Together, this study uncovers the intrinsic mechanisms sustaining mRNA translation accuracy, elucidates a novel source of tumor neoantigen generation, and proposes a new strategy to enhance immunotherapy through targeting mRNA translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.06.658288</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[METTL5 Blockade Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Response via Inducing Neoantigen Generation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658298v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Investigating multiple types of resistance against a homing gene drive in European populations of Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.06.658298v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive technology may be a valuable tool for addressing several contemporary challenges, including combating disease vectors, conserving biodiversity, and controlling agricultural pests. Homing gene drives spread through a population by copying themselves onto the homologous chromosome in the germline of heterozygous individuals. However, it is possible that resistance will evolve against homing gene drives, especially if the goal is to suppress or eliminate a pest population so that resistance alleles have a large selective advantage over the gene drive. Resistance can result from a simple mutation at the drives target site, which is found in many studies but can potentially be avoided by improving drive design. However, a more complex polygenic type of resistance could also evolve through selection on standing genetic variation that affects the efficiency of the spread of the gene drive. In this study, we test an efficient homing gene drive in genetically diverse lines of Drosophila melanogaster, collected from across Europe by the DrosEU Consortium. We find that the gene drive shows considerable variability in homing efficiency, but that none of this variability can be ascribed to heritable genetic effects. Selection for complex resistance is thus unlikely and will be inefficient, probably still giving a gene drive enough time to fixate in the population. However, although our tested gene drive targets a highly conserved haploinsufficient gene with two gRNAs, we find simple resistance alleles in viable offspring. Half of these are the product of end-joining repair instead of homing and may still carry heavy fitness costs. However, the other half are the result of partial homing events. These alleles indicate that resistance could likely evolve against this gene drive in a simple, non-polygenic way. Therefore, more effective strategies may be required to address simple resistance mutations, whereas complex resistance may be unlikely to pose a substantial barrier to the employment of at least certain types of gene drive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faber, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pannebakker, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zwaan, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Heuvel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.06.658298</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Investigating multiple types of resistance against a homing gene drive in European populations of Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.09.658616v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Specificity of Drosophila innubila Nudivirus Infection in Drosophila Cell Culture 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.09.658616v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral host range is an important aspect of both viral biology but also the pragmatic issue of producing viral stocks for experimentation. Host range is important both in terms of the species a virus can infect (taxonomy), and the types of host cells the virus can infect (tropism). Nudiviruses are large DNA viruses that infect several arthropods and are generally poorly studied. Several nudiviruses infect Drosophila species including the Drosophila innubila Nudivirus (DiNV). We aimed to identify cell lines that support the replication of DiNV both for the sake of understanding host range, and to develop a system for large scale production of the virus for infection. We utilized cell lines from the focal host, D. innubila, as well as available cell lines from D. virilis and D. melanogaster and inoculated with both a wild-collected pool of "naive" virus and a D. innubila cell culture-adapted isolate. We found that virus from wild caught flies infected cells from the 3 cell lines and replicate its genome, but the passage 1 fluids from these infections were unable to reinfect upon introduction to new cells. In contrast, a cell culture-adapted strain of DiNV infected the same Drosophila cells (though relatively poorly in D. melanogaster cells) and produced infectious progeny that infected new cells. Thus, our cell culture-adapted virus developed the ability to infect broadly and produce infectious virions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulkey, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adewumi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.09.658616</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Specificity of Drosophila innubila Nudivirus Infection in Drosophila Cell Culture]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659453v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Semantics across the globe: A universal neurocognitive semantic structure adaptive to climate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659453v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Thousands of languages are used worldwide as the primary means of human thought communications. While both similarities and variations in word meaning (semantics) across different languages are well recognized, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic without a coherent theoretical model for semantic representation. Given that semantic representation is a product of the human brain, we address this issue through the lens of neurocognitive theories, with the consensus framework that semantics are derived from sensory experiences, with a set of dimensions being identified as biologically salient in neuroscientific studies. We operationalized word semantic representations with this set of specific dimensions, using computational models (53 languages word embedding data; Study 1), human behavioral ratings (253 subjects, 8 languages; Study 2), and brain activity data (86 subjects, 45 languages; Study 3), and analyzed the similarity and variation patterns of concepts across different languages. These three approaches converge on the finding that, across diverse language samples, word semantic representations along the neurocognitive dimensional structures exhibit strong commonalities, with variations along this structure being significantly and uniquely explained by climate, beyond sociocultural-centered variables. These results present a universal, biologically constrained semantic structure that is adaptive to environmental inputs, reconciling the classical universality and relativity debate.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659453</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Semantics across the globe: A universal neurocognitive semantic structure adaptive to climate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Environment-dependent selection impacts heritable developmental stability and trait canalization in rice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Canalization, or the maintenance of trait values regardless of environmental or genetic variability, is fundamentally important for maintaining developmental stability. While this concept was described decades ago, we still know relatively little about how canalization is influenced by environmental stress, how it is shaped by natural selection, and the genetic underpinnings of canalization. In this study, we examined natural selection on microenvironmental canalization in rice (Oryza sativa) in wet and dry field conditions. We measured developmental stability in genetically identical replicates obtained from geographically widespread Indica and Japonica rice accessions, providing precise estimates of canalization in thousands of plants. We found that drought stress decreased canalization, showing that stress can increase instability. We also found evidence that canalization can evolve, given that canalization of several traits was heritable and under selection. We further uncovered specific genes underlying canalization, with genetic mapping and functional genetic experiments showing that the bZIP transcription factor-encoding gene OsTGA5/rTGA2.3, which is part of a module that balances stress response and plant growth, regulates canalization of several traits in an environment-dependent manner. At a genome-wide scale, canalization was associated with lower gene expression stochasticity at an earlier life stage, indicating that expression variation can reduce canalization and increase instability. Trait canalization was also positively correlated to temperature at accessions source environments, suggesting that selection on canalization can vary among environments. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the molecular genetic basis of environmental differences in developmental stability and how it might be shaped by selection.

SignificanceMechanisms stabilizing organismal development in response to genetic mutations or environmental stressors (canalization) have been reported for numerous animals and plants, but their underlying genetic basis and whether they may be shaped by selection remain unclear. Here, we report patterns of drought-induced trait decanalization in populations of rice (Oryza sativa) grown in field environments. We determined that trait canalization is heritable and can evolve separately from trait means. We identified the gene OsTGA5, part of a regulatory module shaping trade-offs between growth and stress responses, as impacting trait canalization. Plants with less noisy gene expression and evolving in warmer environments display greater developmental stability, contributing to the notion that canalization in rice may be adaptive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunivant, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilligan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Joly-Lopez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Natividad, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cabral, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torres, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vergara, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franks, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Purugganan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Groen, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Environment-dependent selection impacts heritable developmental stability and trait canalization in rice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.15.659811v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteomic and metabolic profiling reveals APOE4-dependent shifts in whole brain, neuronal, and astrocytic mitochondrial function and glycolysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.15.659811v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variation is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD). Studies on APOE genotype dependent changes have largely focused on amyloid beta (A{beta}) aggregation, disease pathology, and lipid metabolism. Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between metabolic function and APOE genetic variation. In this study, we examined how APOE genotype can alter metabolism in the brains of young male and female APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice. In combination with this, we also examined cell type-specific differences using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived astrocytes and neurons. We found sex and genotype dependent changes to metabolism in the brains of young APOE TR mice. Specifically, APOE4 mice show signs of metabolic stress and compensatory mechanisms in the brain. Using proteomics and stable isotope tracing metabolomics, we found that APOE4 iAstrocytes and iNeurons exhibit signs of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered TCA cycle and malate-aspartate shuttle activity, and a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. Taken together, this data indicates APOE4 causes early changes to metabolism within the central nervous system. While this study establishes a relationship between APOE genotype and alterations in bioenergetics, additional studies are needed to investigate underlying mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lysaker, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Csikos, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birky, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchalska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geiger, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.15.659811</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteomic and metabolic profiling reveals APOE4-dependent shifts in whole brain, neuronal, and astrocytic mitochondrial function and glycolysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Gene duplication, translocation and molecular evolution of Dmrt1 and related sex-determining genes in anurans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.11.659201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sex determination, the developmental process that directs embryos toward male or female fates, is controlled by master sex-determining genes whose origins and evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood outside of a few model systems. In contrast to the highly differentiated sex chromosomes of mammals, birds, and Drosophila, most anurans (frogs and toads) maintain homomorphic sex chromosomes that exhibit a rapid turnover, even among closely related species. To uncover the mechanisms underlying the emergence of new master sex-determining genes and sex chromosome turnover, we analysed 53 published anurans and one caecilian genome (>200 Ma divergence) and available transcriptomes. We asked how often new master sex-determining genes arise by gene duplication, whether and how often gene translocation associates with sex chromosome turnover, and if new master sex-determining genes evolve under positive selection. We find that chromosome-level synteny is remarkably conserved, with only a few fusions or fissions and no evidence for translocation of four candidate master sex-determining genes (Dmrt1, Foxl2, Bod1l, Sox3). Only Dmrt1 duplicated in 3 out of 50 species (excluding tetraploid Xenopus), and it showed strong testis-biased expression in all 8 species with available gonadal expression data. While Dmrt1 has evolved under purifying selection, Dmrt1 duplicates exhibit elevated nonsynonymous substitution rates and a tendency towards positive selection. Lineage-specific amino acid changes were observed in the conserved DM domain of Dmrt1. These results demonstrate that, in anurans, master sex-determining genes arise rarely via gene duplication, and more likely evolve via allelic diversification. Sex chromosome turnover is not associated with gene translocation, and is more likely driven by mutations on genes involved in sexual developmental pathway. All candidate sex-determining genes were under strong purifying selection, with the exception of duplications which are linked to positive selection. Our results suggest future research on anuran sex determination and sex chromosome evolution should focus on identifying allelic diversification and novel mutations on genes involved in sexual developmental pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shinde, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Veltsos, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.11.659201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Gene duplication, translocation and molecular evolution of Dmrt1 and related sex-determining genes in anurans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deepening imaging-based spatial proteomics at high spatial resolution through controlled tissue resizing and in-situ bottom-up mass spectrometry 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding the spatial organization of proteins in tissues is essential for elucidating biological function, but current proteomic imaging methods face limitations in resolution, sensitivity, and multiplexing capability. Here, we present IMPACT (Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Proteome Analysis on Compressed Tissue), a hydrogel-based workflow that integrates controlled vertical tissue compression following expansion to enhance protein detection while improving spatial resolution in mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Through a 6-fold lateral expansion and 100-fold thickness reduction, analytes were concentrated at the surface to improve detection and enable analysis of thick specimen. Coupled with optimized in-gel digestion using hybrid enzymes, IMPACT increased protein identifications 3-fold compared to conventional MSI while maintaining spatial fidelity. We demonstrate IMPACTs utility in mapping low-abundance proteins and resolving fine anatomical structures. Orthogonal validation with immunofluorescence and integration with spatial transcriptomics further reveal protein-RNA distribution discrepancies, highlighting the need for direct proteomic imaging. IMPACT bridges critical gaps in spatial proteomics by enabling high-resolution, high-sensitivity, and multiplexed untargeted protein imaging, opening new avenues for tissue biology and biomarker discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.659329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deepening imaging-based spatial proteomics at high spatial resolution through controlled tissue resizing and in-situ bottom-up mass spectrometry]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput genetic mapping discovers novel zinc toxicity response loci in Drosophila melanogaster 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.12.659401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heavy metals are a widespread environmental contaminant, and even low levels of some metals can disrupt cellular processes and result in DNA damage. However, the consequences of metal exposure are variable among individuals, with susceptibility to metal toxicity representing a complex trait influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. To uncover toxicity response genes, and better understand responses to metal toxicity, we sought to dissect resistance to zinc, a metal required for normal cellular function, which can be toxic at high doses. To facilitate efficient, powerful discovery of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) we employed extreme, or X-QTL mapping, leveraging a multiparental, recombinant Drosophila melanogaster population. Our approach involved bulk selection of zinc-resistant individuals, sequencing several replicate pools of selected and control animals, and identified QTL as genomic positions showing consistent allele frequency shifts between treatments. We successfully identified seven regions segregating for resistance/susceptibility alleles, and implicated several strong candidate genes. Phenotypic characterization of populations derived from selected or control animals revealed that our selection procedure resulted in greater egg-to-adult emergence, and a reduced developmental delay on zinc media. We subsequently measured emergence and development time for a series of midgut-specific RNAi gene knockdowns and matched genetic controls raised in both zinc-supplemented and normal media. This identified ten genes with significant genotype-by-treatment effects, including pHCl-2, which encodes a zinc sensor protein. Our work highlights recognized and novel contributors to zinc toxicity resistance in flies, and provides a pathway to a broader understanding of the biological impact of metal toxicity.

ARTICLE SUMMARYStarting with an outbred Drosophila melanogaster population we repeatedly selected for groups of individuals showing high resistance to toxic levels of zinc during development. Pooled sequencing of these groups, along with matched groups of control individuals, enabled the identification of seven genomic regions - or QTL - contributing to zinc toxicity resistance. Midgut-specific RNAi of genes implicated by these QTL yielded ten genes impacting developmental traits in zinc-supplemented media, including MTF-1 (a metal response transcription factor) and pHCl-2 (a zinc sensor protein).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hanson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.12.659401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput genetic mapping discovers novel zinc toxicity response loci in Drosophila melanogaster]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659439v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Super-giga and tiny orchid genomes illuminate evolution of Orchidaceae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659439v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Orchidaceae (orchids) is commonly known as one of the largest families of seed plants, and grow in an extensive range of habitats worldwide. In the present study, we generated chromosome-level reference genomes for two orchids using a combination of PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing, Cypripedium singchii has the largest genome and chromosomes among the sequenced species so far, with a genome size of 43.19 Gb (1C) with ten chromosomes, and Apostasia fujianica has the smallest known genome and chromosomes in Orchidaceae, with a genome size of 340.90 Mb (1C) with 35 chromosomes. We predicted a total of 32,412 and 21,724 protein-coding genes for C. singchii and A. fujianica, respectively. The overall BUSCO score was 85.01% for C. singchii and 91.80% in A. fujianica. Based on protein-coding sequences from 55 conserved single-copy families across 21 plant species, we constructed a high-confidence phylogenetic tree and estimated the divergence times. The high-quality genomes of super-giga and tiny orchids offer key insight for future evolutionary researches.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsiao, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeh, K.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tu, X.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, L.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Y</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659439</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Super-giga and tiny orchid genomes illuminate evolution of Orchidaceae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cryo-EM Structure of the Erlin1/2 Complex Reveals a Dynamic Scaffold for Membrane Protein Sequestration and Microdomain Assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.659634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C) family of proteins are key scaffolding components involved in the organization of functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) across various subcellular membranes, including those of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, which are characterized by a low content of saturated lipids. Among this protein family, the erlin1/2 complex is specifically located on the ER membrane. Previous studies have shown that the erlin1/2 complex plays an essential role in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, mediating the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of various proteins such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs), which are important calcium ion transporters on the ER membrane. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying erlin-mediated FMMs organization and its role in ERAD remain poorly understood. In this study, we determined the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the erlin1/2 complex under different detergent conditions. Our findings reveal that the erlin1/2 complex forms a 26-mer cage-like structure, composed of alternating erlin1 and erlin2 subunits. The erlin1/2 complex defines a nanodomain on the ER membrane, which could recruit various types of proteins to both the interior and exterior membrane regions of the cage. By caging cargo proteins, the erlin1/2 complex physically secludes them from their binding partners, leading to a potential halt in their function. Moreover, individual cages can further interact with one another, facilitating the organization of FMMs of different sizes on the ER membrane. These dynamic properties may play a general and critical role in various processes occurring on the ER, including viral replication, positioning the erlin1/2 complex as a promising new target for antiviral drug development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.659634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cryo-EM Structure of the Erlin1/2 Complex Reveals a Dynamic Scaffold for Membrane Protein Sequestration and Microdomain Assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659919v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single oocyte full-length isoform sequencing unveils the impact of transposable elements on RNA diversity and stability during oocyte maturation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659919v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The oocyte-specific isoforms play crucial roles in oocyte maturation, while current understanding of the oocyte transcriptome is mainly focused on gene level. Here, we utilized single cell full-length isoform sequencing based on third generation sequencing to detect entire transcripts in human and mouse oocytes. Isoform diversity during oocyte maturation was systematically profiled, including 6,736 and 4,902 putative novel human and mouse transcripts, respectively. More than half of novel isoforms were categorized as the novel-not-in-catalog (NNC) and may serve specific functions in oocytes, including novel isoforms of ARHGAP18, colocalized with microtubules and targeted knockdown disrupting oocyte maturation. Moreover, over 25% of NNC isoforms were derived from transposable elements (TEs), and their incorporation within transcripts could enhance isoform stability during oocyte maturation. Altogether, our findings represent a valuable resource showcasing the complexity and diversity of RNA isoforms in oocytes, as well as TE co-option for novel isoform generation and isoform stability enhancement.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.659919</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single oocyte full-length isoform sequencing unveils the impact of transposable elements on RNA diversity and stability during oocyte maturation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.17.659820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human brain charts provide unprecedented opportunities for decoding neurodevelopmental milestones and establishing clinical benchmarks for precision brain medicine 1-7. However, current lifespan brain charts are primarily derived from European and North American cohorts, with Asian populations severely underrepresented. Here, we present the first population-specific brain charts for China, developed through the Chinese Lifespan Brain Mapping Consortium (Phase I) using neuroimaging data from 43,037 participants (aged 0-100 years) across 384 sites nationwide. We establish the lifespan normative trajectories for 296 structural brain phenotypes, encompassing global, subcortical, and cortical measures. Cross-population comparisons with Western brain charts (based on data from 56,339 participants aged 0-100 years) reveal distinct neurodevelopmental patterns in the Chinese population, including prolonged cortical and subcortical maturation, accelerated cerebellar growth, and earlier development of sensorimotor regions relative to paralimbic regions. Crucially, these Chinese-specific charts outperform Western-derived models in predicting healthy brain phenotypes and detecting pathological deviations in Chinese clinical cohorts. These findings highlight the urgent need for diverse, population-representative brain charts to advance equitable precision neuroscience and improve clinical validity across populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Men, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, X.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lui, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.17.659820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Population-specific brain charts reveal Chinese-Western differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.658531v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UniCure: A Foundation Model for Predicting Personalized Cancer Therapy Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.14.658531v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting drug efficacy across diverse patient contexts remains a major challenge in oncology, as models trained on cancer cell lines often fail to capture patient-specific biology. Emerging biological foundation models and patient-derived technologies offer a promising solution. Here, we present UniCure, the first pre-trained foundation model integrating both omics and chemical foundation models (UCE and Uni-mol) to predict transcriptomic responses to drugs across diverse cellular and tissue contexts, enabling personalized cancer therapy and drug prioritization at the individual level. Rather than encoder/decoder used in traditional models, UniCure utilizes parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques for optimizing the training process, a novel FlexPert module for modeling flexible drug-cell interactions, and a Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) loss for learning unpaired data. Trained on over 1.8 million perturbation RNA-seq profiles over 22,000 compounds, 166 cell types, and 24 tissues, UniCure achieves high accuracy in predicting both dose-dependent responses and drug combination effects, demonstrating strong generalization across bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data. In particular, fine-tuning on our patient-derived tumor-like clusters and real-world data of 800 profiles enables UniCure to generate individualized therapeutic predictions on patients tissue samples. In addition, UniCure enables patient stratification based on the predicted drug responses, providing a new way for subtyping patients. UniCures drug prioritization was validated across over 1000 patients from pan-cancer cohorts and supported by experiments of candidate therapeutics. By enabling the potential to screen millions of compounds per patient at scale, UniCure represents a biologically grounded tool that could advance personalized precision oncology and accelerate drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.14.658531</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UniCure: A Foundation Model for Predicting Personalized Cancer Therapy Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluoro-forest: A random forest workflow for cell type annotation in high-dimensional immunofluorescence imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.13.659547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cyclic immunofluorescence (IF) techniques enable deep phenotyping of cells and help quantify tissue organization at high resolution. Due to its high dimensionality, workflows typically rely on unsupervised clustering, followed by cell type annotation at a cluster level for cell type assignment. Most of these methods use marker expression averages that lack a statistical evaluation of cell type annotations, which can result in misclassification. Here, we propose a strategy through an end-to-end pipeline using a semi-supervised, random forests approach to predict cell type annotations. Our method includes cluster-based sampling for training data, cell type prediction, and downstream visualization for interpretability of cell annotation that ultimately improves classification results. We show that our workflow can annotate cells more accurately with a training set <5% of the total number of cells tested. In addition, our pipeline outputs cell type annotation probabilities and model performance metrics for users to decide if it could boost their existing clustering-based workflow results for complex IF data.

Availability and implementationFluoro-forest is freely available on github (https://github.com/Josh-Brand/Fluoro-forest). Data used within this manuscript is hosted on Dryad (DOI: 10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1v1)

Supplementary informationSupplemental figures and methods are included in the submission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brand, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carchman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dinh, H. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.13.659547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluoro-forest: A random forest workflow for cell type annotation in high-dimensional immunofluorescence imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.20.660727v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substrate properties and actin polymerization speed dictate universal modes of cell migration: gripping, slipping, and stick-slip 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.20.660727v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Understanding how cells sense mechanical cues and regulate migration is crucial in the development, fibrosis, and oncogenesis processes. However, a comprehensive physical picture of cell migration remains lacking, given the diverse environmental properties and cell physiologies. Here, we generalize the motor-clutch model to the whole-cell level and systematically investigate the effects of substrate stiffness, friction, and actin polymerization speed on cell migration. We unveil three distinct migration modes: gripping, slipping, and stick-slip. Notably, stiffness sensing occurs exclusively in the stick-slip mode, which requires a low substrate stiffness and a minimum actin polymerization speed as necessary conditions. Intriguingly, the optimal substrate stiffness that maximizes the migration speed is inversely proportional to the actin polymerization speed. Moreover, the maximal speed only depends on the nature of the clutch molecules, independent of substrate properties. We reveal the boundary criteria between the three migration modes and demonstrate that fast- and slow-migrating cells can coexist in an isogenic cell population without the need for biochemical feedback loops.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ye, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.20.660727</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substrate properties and actin polymerization speed dictate universal modes of cell migration: gripping, slipping, and stick-slip]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-inactivating AAV-CRISPR at different ages enables sustained amelioration of Huntington's disease deficits in BAC226Q mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.24.661435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Huntingtons disease (HD) is a monogenic autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the HTT gene, yielding a gain-of-toxic-function mutant Huntingtin protein mHTT. CRISPR/Cas9 is a potentially powerful therapeutic tool for treating HD by eliminating mutant HTT (mHTT) gene. We developed a specific SaCas9 guide RNA to target human mHTT, and a self-inactivating gene editing system that abolishes SaCas9 after a short transient expression for high gene editing efficiency and maximal safety to prevent off-target effects. Both conventional and the new self-inactivating gene editing systems achieved successful elimination of mHTT gene, 60-90% mHTT protein and 90% of mHTT aggregation in BAC226Q HD mouse brains, which resulted in significant long-term rescue of neural pathology, motor deficits, weight loss and shortened lifespan. These beneficial effects were observed when gene editing was applied before, at and well after the on-set of pathological and behavioral abnormalities. These proof-of-concept data demonstrate that gene editing can be a highly effective therapeutic approach for HD and other inherited neurodegenerative diseases.

One Sentence SummarySelf-inactivating CRISPR for mutant huntingtin in HD mice achieved long-term rescue of neural pathology, motor deficits, weight loss and survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abudujielili, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.24.661435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-inactivating AAV-CRISPR at different ages enables sustained amelioration of Huntington's disease deficits in BAC226Q mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661446v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring Cellular Water Dynamics associated with Potassium Ion Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661446v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Potassium ions play a critical role in modulating cellular physiology, but their direct effects on water dynamics have not been fully explored. Here, we investigated how elevated potassium ion concentrations ([K]) alter intracellular and extracellular water pools in comparison to hypoosmotic stress, using T2 and magnetization transfer (MT) parameters in a close-packed T-lymphocyte cell pellet model. Our findings reveal that the T2 increase primarily reflects an increase in intracellular free water concentration rather than a mere expansion of cell volume. Notably, [K] elevation produced distinct cell swelling profiles and a smaller relative rise in free water at comparable volumetric changes compared to hypoosmotic stress, highlighting more complex mechanisms than straightforward osmotic effects. While T2 proved sensitive to shifts in intracellular water content, the bound pool increased linearly with cell volume expansion. These results underscore that [K]-driven cell swelling diverges functionally from osmotic- driven cell swelling and demonstrate the viability of MRI-based approaches for probing K-dependent cellular events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Min, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661446</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring Cellular Water Dynamics associated with Potassium Ion Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661497v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hollow condensates emerge from gelation-induced spinodal decomposition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661497v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent studies have identified diverse hollow biomolecular condensates, characterized by biomolecule-depleted interiors surrounded by biomolecule-rich shells. Although several formation mechanisms have been proposed, a general thermodynamic driving force remains elusive. Here, we investigate a well-defined system in which the human transcription factor p53 and non-specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) form biomolecule-rich condensates. Introduction of dsDNA containing p53-binding motifs induces a morphological transition to hollow structures, accompanied by a material state transition from liquid-like to gel-like. In vitro assays indicate that the formation of hollow condensates is driven by p21 DNA-induced localized gelation at the condensate periphery. Guided by these findings, we developed a three-component phase-field model that quantitatively recapitulates the formation of hollow condensates. Simulations show that peripheral gelation leads to gradual depletion of protein and Random DNA from the condensate core, triggering spinodal decomposition and lumen formation inside condensates. Together, these results offer mechanistic insights into multi-component hollow condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tong, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661497</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hollow condensates emerge from gelation-induced spinodal decomposition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661516v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Accelerating Virtual Directed Evolution of Proteins via Reinforcement Learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.25.661516v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With the advancement of machine learning methods, the protein fitness landscape can be predicted, providing reliable guidance in the selection of advantageous mutations for the directed evolution of proteins. However, the potential multiple mutational variants derived from the simple combi-nation of a limited number of advantageous single mutations may not represent superior choices. Moreover, the exploration and selection of the astronomical number of multiple mutational variants remain a highly challenging task. In this study, we introduce a virtual directed evolution pipeline, RelaVDEP, for the rapid identification of mutational variants with explicit enhancement in the de-sired property of the target protein. By adapting and fine-tuning a pre-trained fitness predictor to improve sequence-based protein functional prediction and by designing a model-based reinforce-ment learning framework to efficiently explore the vast combinatorial space of protein mutations, this pipeline is capable of effectively accelerating the directed evolution process for a broad spec-trum of proteins with versatile functional profiles. According to a series of experimental validations, the diversified mutational variants identified by our method exhibit notable improvements in desir-able protein functional properties. In particular, by integrating RelaVDEP with active learning, we successfully optimized the sequence of a PETase, enhancing its catalytic activity through previously unknown mutations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mi, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.25.661516</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Accelerating Virtual Directed Evolution of Proteins via Reinforcement Learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.660775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Competing Programs Shape Cortical Sensorimotor-Association Axis Development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.660775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The neocortex is organized along a dominant sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis, anchored by modality-specific primary sensorimotor areas at one end and transmodal association areas that form distributed networks supporting abstract cognition at the other. The developmental mechanisms shaping this axis remain elusive. Here, we present converging multispecies evidence supporting the Multinodal Induction-Exclusion in Network Development (MIND) model, in which S-A patterning is governed by competing processes of induction and exclusion, driven by opposing transcriptomically-defined identity programs emerging from different nodes. Key molecular and connectional features of association cortices arise through pericentral programs, originating around fronto-temporal poles and partially regulated by retinoic acid. They progress inward toward central territories of the naive neocortex along fronto-temporally polarized trajectories. Central programs are induced through interactions between topographically separated first-order sensorimotor thalamocortical inputs and the neocortex, promoting the formation of primary areas while excluding pericentral programs. Influenced by SATB2 and ZBTB18, these evolutionarily conserved programs compete for the same territory and create spatial compartmentalization of axon guidance, cell-cell adhesion, retinoic acid signaling, synaptogenesis, Wnt signaling, and autism risk genes. Notably, PLXNC1 and SEMA7A exhibit anti-correlated expression and repulsive functions in shaping cortico-cortical connectivity along the S-A axis. These processes of induction and exclusion establish an S-A equilibrium and topography in which primary sensorimotor areas emerge as focal islands within the broader ocean of distributed associative networks. The MIND model provides a unifying framework for understanding experimental, evolutionary, and clinical phenomena, revealing induction and exclusion as antagonistic complementary principles shaping the S-A axis and processing hierarchies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tsyporin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Segal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finn, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bandiera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pavlovic, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. K. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onishi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammarlund, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salla, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kachko, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawley, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, D. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nottoli, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Reig, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tissir, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakagawa, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herzog, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobeske, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pattabiraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shimogori, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duque, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fornito, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shibata, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sestan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.660775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Competing Programs Shape Cortical Sensorimotor-Association Axis Development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661219v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Primary and secondary auditory cortex connectivity with brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional processing: in mouse and human 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.26.661219v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auditory cortex connectivity extends beyond the processing of acoustic stimuli, playing a crucial role in cognitive and emotional regulation through its interactions with higher-order brain regions. Although the neural mechanisms underlying acoustic information processing along the auditory pathway are well-documented, the connections supporting auditory-related cognitive and emotional processing, particularly in comparative studies between mice and human adults, are not yet fully clarified. In this study, we aim to investigate connections between the auditory cortex and brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional processing using retrograde fluoro-gold (FG) tracer in mice and 3-tesla high-resolution diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) in human adults. The FG injections into the primary (AI)/ secondary (AII) auditory cortices showed afferent connections with cortical (olfactory bulb, piriform, orbitofrontal, cingulate, motor, primary somatosensory, insular, visual, parietal, entorhinal and perirhinal cortices), subcortical (amygdala, hippocampus, globus pallidus, claustrum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, diagonal band of the Broca and medial septal nucleus) and brainstem (raphe nuclei, pedunculopontine nucleus and locus coeruleus) structures. The DTI data obtained from human adults mostly corresponded with the experimental findings. Auditory cortical processing integrates auditory signals with other sensory, limbic and motor inputs. The connections collectively may suggest its role in cognitive and emotional functions. The auditory cortex is likely a critical hub within the neural circuitry underlying multisensory integration, decision-making, prediction, learning and memory functions. Understanding the connectivity of the auditory cortex can deepen our insight into its contribution to cognitive/emotional functions, offering new perspectives on the underlying mechanism linking hearing deficits with cognitive/emotional disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kose-Ozkan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunes, Y. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Algin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cavdar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.26.661219</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Primary and secondary auditory cortex connectivity with brain regions involved in cognitive and emotional processing: in mouse and human]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Reorganization of Object Representations in High-Level Visual Cortex Distinguishes Working Memory from Perception 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.29.662186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human visual system balances veridical object visual perception with flexible object visual working memory (VWM), both relying on high-level visual regions. However, how these competing demands shape spatial representations remains unclear. Here, we ask whether VWM inherits the spatial constraints observed in the lateral occipital complex (LOC) during perception, or instead reorganizes these representations to meet mnemonic demands. Using matched bilateral presentation paradigms and fMRI-based decoding, we systematically compared spatial representations during perception and VWM. This approach revealed a striking dissociation: during perception, object information is largely confined to the contralateral LOC, whereas during VWM, robust ipsilateral representations emerge--even when both hemifields must be remembered. Vertex-ablation analyses revealed that VWM engages 70-90% of ipsilateral LOC territories, far exceeding those recruited during unilateral perception. Neither increased attentional span nor top-down feedback from association areas fully explained this expansion; rather, ipsilateral LOC patterns closely mirrored contralateral sensory representations, implicating interhemispheric coordination in VWM. Together, these findings demonstrate that object VWM flexibly recruits distributed high-level visual cortex, with spatial reorganization distinguishing mnemonic flexibility from perceptual fidelity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.29.662186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Reorganization of Object Representations in High-Level Visual Cortex Distinguishes Working Memory from Perception]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human ribomes reveal DNA-embedded ribonucleotides as a new type of epigenetic mark 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) are abundant in DNA, but their distribution and function in human nuclear genomes remain unknown. Here, we mapped nearly one million rNMPs per genome across diverse human cell types, defining a nuclear "ribome" with non-random distribution patterns. rNMPs are enriched in C/G-rich sequences, epigenetically marked regions, and telomeres. Conserved ribonucleotide-enriched zones (REZs) overlap with CpG islands and R-loops. rNMP concentration near transcription start sites (TSSs) correlates positively with gene expression. Wild-type cells display a broader gene-expression range than ribonuclease H2A (RNH2A) knockouts, in which loss of rNMP cleavage causes pronounced retention of embedded rG and strand-biased rC near TSSs, both increasing with gene expression. These findings establish DNA-embedded rNMPs as a novel epigenetic mark that modulates human gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kundnani, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Channagiri, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Figueroa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randhawa, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gogate, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsili, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newnam, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schinazi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pursell, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohammed, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Opresko, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jonoska, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Storici, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-06-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human ribomes reveal DNA-embedded ribonucleotides as a new type of epigenetic mark]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-06-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661729v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-Cell and Spatial Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity in Human Osteosarcomas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.27.661729v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Osteosarcoma, a highly heterogeneous malignant bone tumor, exhibits substantial interpatient and intratumoral heterogeneity. Utilizing integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, we uncovered distinct tumor microenvironment (TME) transcriptional profiles across patients, highlighting profound interpatient heterogeneity. Intratumorally, malignant cells primarily followed two differentiation trajectories, converging into osteoblastic and chondroblastic functional states, and hypoxia may be the influencer; notably, within individual patients, tumor cells exhibited greater transcriptional similarity driven by specific transcription factors, despite these divergent states. Spatial analysis revealed patient-specific TME cellular co-localization patterns, alongside conserved spatial relationships: vascular components (endothelial cells, pericytes) demonstrated strong co-localization, while immune cells (T cells, myeloid cells) clustered within shared regions. Crucially, these functional states occupied distinct microniches: osteoblastic regions were enriched with osteoclasts, vascular components, and immune cells, whereas chondroblastic regions displayed the opposite composition and were preferentially located in hypoxic, vascular-poor niches, exhibiting significant enrichment of hypoxia-related signaling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest osteosarcoma cells may activate fibroblasts via the SPP1 signaling pathway, indicating fibroblasts act as key intermediaries in tumor-directed TME modulation. This study comprehensively delineates the intricate landscape of osteosarcoma heterogeneity, defining distinct functional cellular states, their spatially organized TME niches, and a potential SPP1-mediated tumor-fibroblast regulatory axis. This comprehensive analysis elucidates the intricate interpatient and intratumoral heterogeneity in osteosarcoma, revealing functional and spatial organization within the tumor and its microenvironment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>zheng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.27.661729</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-Cell and Spatial Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity in Human Osteosarcomas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662643v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
From Development to Regeneration: Insights into Flight Muscle Adaptations from Bat Muscle Cell Lines 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662643v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on muscle stem cells, which give rise to myoblasts that drive muscle growth, repair, and maintenance. In bats--the only mammals capable of powered flight--these processes must also sustain contractile performance under extreme mechanical and metabolic stress. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bat muscle physiology remain largely unknown. To enable mechanistic investigation of these traits (Graphical Abstract), we established the first myoblast cell lines from the pectoralis muscle of Pteronotus mesoamericanus, a highly maneuverable aerial insectivore. Using both spontaneous immortalization and exogenous hTERT/CDK4 overexpression, we generated two stable cell lines that retain proliferative capacity and differentiate into contractile myotubes. These cells exhibit frequent spontaneous contractions, suggesting robust functional integrity at the neuromuscular junction. In parallel, we performed transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of native pectoralis tissue to define molecular programs supporting muscle specialization. Gene expression analyses revealed enriched pathways for muscle metabolism, development, and regeneration, highlighting the supporting roles in tissue maintenance and repair. Consistent with this profile, the flight muscle is triglyceride-rich, which serves as an important fuel source for energetically demanding processes, including muscle contraction and cellular recovery. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolic data identified three key metabolic modules--glucose utilization, lipid handling, and nutrient signaling--that likely coordinate ATP production and support metabolic flexibility. Together, these complementary tools and datasets provide the first in vitro platform for investigating bat muscle research, enabling direct exploration of muscle regeneration, metabolic resilience, and evolutionary physiology.

Graphical AbstractEstablishment of bat muscle cell cultures from the Mesoamerican mustached bat (P. mesoamericnus) provides an in vitro platform to investigate muscle regeneration and flight muscle biology. The pectoralis major muscle was isolated to generate primary myoblast cultures, which were expanded and immortalized using hTERT/CDK4. The resulting myoblast lines retain proliferative and differentiation capacity. RNA sequencing of native pectoralis muscle tissue revealed molecular signatures of myogenic regulation, stress resilience, and tissue remodeling, supporting the relevance of these in vitro models for studying muscle maintenance and regenerative mechanisms.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pena, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morales-Sosa, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernal-Rivera, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castellano, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katt, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maddera, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rohner, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>zhao, c.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camacho, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662643</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[From Development to Regeneration: Insights into Flight Muscle Adaptations from Bat Muscle Cell Lines]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662682v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural trajectories improve motor precision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662682v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Populations of neurons in motor cortex signal voluntary movement. Most classic neural encoding models and current brain-computer interface decoders assume individual neurons sum together along a neural dimension to represent movement features such as velocity or force. However, large population neural analyses continue to identify trajectories of neural activity evolving with time that traverse multiple dimensions. Explanations for these neural trajectories typically focus on how cortical circuits learn, organize, and implement movements. However, descriptions of how these neural trajectories might improve performance, and specifically motor precision, are lacking. In this study, we proposed and tested a computational model that highlights the role of neural trajectories, through the selective co-activation and selective timing of firing rates across the neural populations, for improving motor precision. Our model uses experimental results from a center-out reaching task as inspiration to create several physiologically realistic models for the neural encoding of movement. Using a recurrent neural network to simulate how a downstream population of neurons might receive such information, like the spinal cord and motor units, we show that movements are more accurate when neural information specific to the phase and/or amplitude of movement are incorporated across time instead of an instantaneous, linear tuning model. Our finding suggests that precise motor control arises from spatiotemporal recruitment of neural populations that create distinct neural trajectories. We anticipate our results will significantly impact not only how neural encoding of movement in motor cortex is described but also future understating for how brain networks communicate information for planning and executing movements. Our model also provides potential inspiration for how to incorporate selective activation across a neural population to improve future brain-computer interfaces.

SummaryScientists have long studied how neurons in the brain help control movement. Traditionally, individual neurons were assumed to simply add together to create a signal to represent things like speed or force. But newer research shows that groups of neurons follow complex patterns over time--called neural trajectories. Here, we propose a computer model demonstrating how neural trajectories would enhance the precision of movement. Inspired by data from actual neurons recorded during a reaching task, we simulated neurons in motor areas of the brain and a downstream neural network to interpret and generate movement like might occur in our spinal cord and muscles. Movements were more accurate when neurons had different activations and timings relative to the desired movement rather than all working synchronously to generate a single signal. We conclude that the brain uses timing and coordination across many neurons-- not just simple signals--to control movement. This work refines our understanding of how the brain signals movement and could improve technologies like brain-computer interfaces, which help people move or communicate using their thoughts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scherschligt, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishimoto, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662682</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural trajectories improve motor precision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.661909v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-Quality PacBio Genome Assembly of Populus alba L. Villafranca 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.06.30.661909v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
This study presents the high-quality genome assemblies for Populus alba L. "Villafranca" using PacBio HiFi sequencing. The assembly span 498.95 Mb, an N50 of 18.18 Mb and largest contig of 52.03 Mb. BUSCO analysis revealed genome completeness (embryophyta_odb10) with 98.8% of the 1,614 BUSCO groups searched. The Transposable element and repetitive content accounted for [~]31.37%. The comparison of P. alba and P. trichocarpa genomes identified 9,741 structural variants (SVs) This comprehensive analysis provides valuable resources for studying poplar genome evolution, domestication, and genetic improvement, underscoring the utility of long-read sequencing for resolving complex genomic features.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sarfraz, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zuccolo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Celii, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sebastiani, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.06.30.661909</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-Quality PacBio Genome Assembly of Populus alba L. Villafranca]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.660922v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial Proteomics of the Normal Breast Collagen Stroma: Links to BI-RADS Categories and Body Mass Index 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.660922v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collagen breast stroma is the basis of increased breast density and a well-established breast cancer risk factor, yet proteomic regulation of normal breast stroma remains poorly defined. This study reports spatial regulation of the collagen proteome in normal breast tissue sections annotated by clinical characteristics. Normal breast samples from the Susan G. Komen tissue bank included data on genetic ancestry (n=40 total; n=20 African ancestry; n=20 European ancestry), body-mass-index (BMI), age, and mammogram density by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Multiplexed cell marker staining showed CD44 and COL1A1 markers modulated with BMI. Collagen fiber widths by second harmonic generation (SHG) showed potential contrasts in BMI categories by genetic ancestry. Targeted extracellular matrix proteomics mass spectrometry imaging showed collagen alpha-1(I) chain domain proteome was spatially heterogenous across the normal breast microenvironment with site specific post-translational modification of proline hydroxylation. Signatures computationally extracted from breast stroma reported that 47 collagen peptides distinguished BI-RADS categories (area under the receiver operating curve>0.7; p-value>0.05). Proteomic alterations were found between overweight to obese categories with strong positive associations to BMI by multivariate analysis. This study provides the first spatial analysis of the collagen proteome in normal breast within contexts of cellular markers and clinical characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dunne, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rujchanarong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hulahan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, H. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spruill, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jensen-Smith, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hollingsworth, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandusky, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehta, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakshatri, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Angel, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.660922</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial Proteomics of the Normal Breast Collagen Stroma: Links to BI-RADS Categories and Body Mass Index]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Age-dependent remodeling of the sciatic proteome in 5xFAD mice can be attenuated by exercise or donepezil treatment to maintain neuromuscular function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Background: Alzheimers disease (AD) progresses along a continuum for years to possibly decades prior to cognitive decline and clinical diagnosis. Preclinical AD is associated with neuromuscular dysfunction. We previously characterized early neuromuscular impairment prior to cognitive decline at 4 months of age in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD. However, the underlying cause(s) for peripheral nerve dysfunction leading to impaired skeletal muscle torque production are not understood, therefore limiting interventional capacity. We hypothesized that either voluntary wheel running or donepezil treatment, begun prior to neuromuscular decline, would delay manifestation of neuromuscular impairment in 5xFAD mice.

Methods: Sciatic nerves from 5xFAD and wild-type (WT) mice were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled proteomics at 3, 4, and 7 months to investigate proteome remodeling. Separate cohorts, using 3-month-old 5xFAD mice and WT littermates given voluntary wheel access for 4 weeks or treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil to test if neuromuscular dysfunction could be attenuated. Afterwards, we assessed tibial nerve stimulated plantar flexion torque and sciatic nerve compound (motor) neuron action potential (CNAP) in-vivo at 4 months. Additionally, we performed TMT-labeled proteomics to ascertain the effect of exercise and donepezil treatments on sciatic proteome.

Results: Sciatic nerves in 5xFAD mice exhibited proteomic remodeling from 3 to 4 months, particularly in pathways linked to mitochondrial turnover, calcium handling, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, coinciding with onset of neuromuscular dysfunction. Both exercise and donepezil attenuated in nerve-stimulated muscle torque and CNAP dysfunction. Both exercise and donepezil attenuated proteomic remodeling of the sciatic nerve involving mitochondrial-centric processes through both shared and independent mechanisms.

Conclusions: Declines in neuromuscular function may be pre-clinical identifiers for AD that share pathway similarities with noted central effects of the pathology on the brain. Our findings highlight the importance of a systemic approach to AD pathology and importance of disease state in interventional efficacy.

Graphical abstract.Created in Biorender.



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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Brisendine, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nieves-Esparcia, D. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Willoughby, O. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Braxton, D. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henry, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Poelzing, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Grange, R. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Najt, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Drake, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Age-dependent remodeling of the sciatic proteome in 5xFAD mice can be attenuated by exercise or donepezil treatment to maintain neuromuscular function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662629v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WaveLimit: An optimal spike sorting inclusion boundary 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662629v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spike sorting is the process of assigning neuronal action potentials to individual putative neurons based on extracellular recordings. Spike sorting may be partitioned into five major components: i) raw neural data is filtered, ii) spiking events are extracted as waveforms, iii) features are extracted from the waveforms, iv) clusters of waveforms are defined, and v) individual waveforms are assigned to their respective clusters. Here, we focus on the often underappreciated fifth component, deriving a useful principle to define a cluster boundary to maximize the theoretical information available from a single neuron. We implemented this boundary, along with an automatic cluster identifier, in a novel spike sorting algorithm, WaveLimit. We then compared WaveLimit to three state-of-the-art spike sorters. WaveLimit identified either the same or more units and included more spiking events per unit than the other sorters. WaveLimit also found units with fewer inter-spike interval violations and higher signal-to-noise ratios. Thus, better defining the cluster boundary improved spike sorting.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scherschligt, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, W.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallimore, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schrader, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rouse, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662629</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WaveLimit: An optimal spike sorting inclusion boundary]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662623v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Citizen science suggests decreased diversity of insects in Mexico, a megadiverse country. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.01.662623v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
An analysis of iNaturalist data on several taxonomic groups of insects in Mexico is presented. I found evidence of a decreasing trend in diversity of species per year, for four families of butterflies, the bumblebees and the dragon and damselflies. I performed the anlayses on several of the Potential Vegetation types of J. Rzedowsky, and explore the role of deforestation and pesticide use on the trends I found. I discuss the challenges of using unsystematic data to estimate trends and provide several hypotheses to explain them.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.01.662623</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Citizen science suggests decreased diversity of insects in Mexico, a megadiverse country.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Common Signatures of Neutrophils in Diverse Disease Conditions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.02.662891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neutrophils are traditionally recognized for their pro-inflammatory roles. However, accumulating evidence has begun to highlight the plasticity of transcriptional states of neutrophils during pathological insults. Whether such unconventional neutrophils may share commonality across diverse disease conditions is incompletely understood. Here, we systematically profile over 500,000 neutrophils in key immune compartments and disease-inflicted tissues of the mouse models of metabolic disorder, autoimmunity, tissue damage, peripheral cancers, and intracranial gliomas. Of importance, we observe two distinct neutrophil clusters with unique immune features. The first cluster, characterized by Cd274, Vegfa, and antigen presentation, is highly enriched within the diseased tissues. In contrast, the second cluster with elevated Cd244 and type 2 immune response but reduced maturation markers primarily emerges in the peripheral blood and spleens of specific disease scenarios. These results have elucidated the common signatures of neutrophils in response to various pathological conditions, providing a valuable reference for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.02.662891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Common Signatures of Neutrophils in Diverse Disease Conditions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663344v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuromodulation of Swarming Behavior in C. elegans: Insights into the Conserved role of Calsyntenins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.06.663344v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Collective animal behaviors arise from a complex interplay between internal physiological states and external environmental cues. In Caenorhabditis elegans, favorable conditions promote dispersal, while stressors like food scarcity or overcrowding trigger aggregation. Here, we describe a distinct behavior termed as swarming, where C. elegans move and feed in aggregates despite abundant food availability. While environmental factors have been implicated in this behavior, the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We identify a novel role for the conserved calsyntenin protein CASY-1 in regulating swarming. Through genetic, behavioral, and optogenetic approaches, we show that CASY-1 functions in sensory neurons to modulate the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) signaling. Mutants in casy-1 show impaired PDF-1 signaling and reduced inhibition of the serotonin pathway, a known regulator of social behaviors. This dysregulation, along with its associated mechanosensory and foraging defects, likely contributes to the swarming phenotype. Our findings reveal a putative neuromodulatory pathway critical for swarming behavior in C. elegans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shahi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumari, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khapre, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saritekin, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kocabas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.06.663344</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuromodulation of Swarming Behavior in C. elegans: Insights into the Conserved role of Calsyntenins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.03.662996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alternative splicing contributes to plasticity and regulatory divergence in locally adapted house mice from the Americas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.03.662996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Alternative splicing is a major driver of transcriptome and proteome variation, but the role of alternative splicing in regulatory evolution remains understudied. Alternative splicing can also contribute to phenotypic plasticity, which may be critical when taxa colonize new environments. Here, we investigate variation in alternative splicing among new wild-derived strains of mice from different climates in the Americas on both a standard and high-fat diet. We show that alternative splicing is widespread and highly context-dependent. Comparisons between strains on different diets revealed abundant gene-by-environment interactions affecting alternative splicing, with most genes showing strain- and sex-specific diet responses. More often than not, genes that were differentially spliced between strains were not differentially expressed, adding to evidence that the two regulatory mechanisms often act independently. Moreover, differentially spliced genes were more widely expressed across tissues but also less central to biological networks than differentially expressed genes, suggesting differences in pleiotropic constraint. Importantly, divergence in alternative splicing was found to be predominantly driven by cis- regulatory changes. However, trans changes affecting splicing make be central to plasticity as they were impacted more by environmental variation. Finally, we performed scans for selection and found that, while genes with splicing divergence more often co-localized with genomic outliers associated with metabolic traits, they were not enriched for genomic outliers. Overall, our results provide evidence that alternative splicing plays an important role in gene regulation in house mice, contributing to adaptation and plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Phifer-Rixey, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.03.662996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alternative splicing contributes to plasticity and regulatory divergence in locally adapted house mice from the Americas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663303v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An orally available PfPKG inhibitor blocks sporozoite infection of the liver 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663303v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Malaria remains a global health threat exacerbated by emerging resistance to antimalarial therapies and insecticides, climate-driven outbreaks, and limited chemoprotective options. Here, we report the characterization of RUPB-61, the first orally bioavailable inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG). RUPB-61 prevents infection by P. falciparum and P. cynomolgi sporozoites, including the formation of hypnozoites by the latter. A single oral dose blocks liver infection by P. berghei sporozoites in vivo, demonstrating efficacy consistent with further development as a once-weekly prophylaxis based on pharmacokinetic modeling. The compound retains activity against field isolates resistant to chloroquine, mefloquine, cycloguanil, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, suggesting low likelihood of cross-resistance to existing antimalarials. Structural studies and free energy-based modeling guided compound design and prospectively validated the predictive accuracy of an in silico model of PfPKG interactions with this chemotype. While selectivity profiling identified off-target activity against human kinases, structural modeling provides a clear path for optimization. These results establish PfPKG inhibitors as promising candidates for chemoprotection and support further preclinical development of the RUPB-61 chemotype.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>BHANOT, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dhiyebi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mbaye, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thaniana, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilleran, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seibold, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Siekierka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roth, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Rocher, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roberge, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663303</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An orally available PfPKG inhibitor blocks sporozoite infection of the liver]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Metagenomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiota of Caprinae species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The gut microbiota of livestock serves as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), yet Caprinae species remain understudied in this context. In this comprehensive metagenomic study, we analyzed 779 gut samples from Caprinae animals and reconstructed 17,023 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). From these, we identified 4,685 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 5,401 virulence factor genes (VFGs). Escherichia coli emerged as a major host carrying high burdens of both ARGs and VFGs. Strong positive correlations between ARGs, VFGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) suggest potential co-selection and genetic linkage. Although MGEs were found in only 1.45% of MAGs, 23 ARGs were physically co-located with MGEs, indicating mobility potential. Additionally, three ARGs were embedded within viral genomes, two of which were associated with Myoviridae phages and one with an unclassified viral source, implicating phages in AMR dissemination. Comparative analyses revealed 292 ARG types shared between Caprinae and the human gut microbiota, including 20 genes representing six clinically critical resistance types: tetX1, tetX4, tmexD3, vanD, vanR, and vanS--conferring resistance to tigecycline, vancomycin, and polymyxins. These findings expand our understanding of the resistome and virulome in Caprinae animals and highlight potential zoonotic transmission pathways, underscoring the need for targeted AMR surveillance and mitigation strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Su, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsheikha, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shang, K.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Metagenomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiota of Caprinae species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deciphering the altered conformational states of bifunctional thaumarchaeal crotonyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase from Nitrosopumilus maritimus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.07.663511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The thaumarchaeal 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) cycle represents one of the most efficient mechanisms for CO2 fixation discovered to date. Within this cycle, the enzyme encoded by Nmar_1308 from Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 plays a crucial role due to its dual functionality as both a crotonyl-CoA hydratase (CCAH) and a 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase (3HPD). Although the importance of a bifunctional enzyme for lowering the cost of biosynthesis, the details of structural dynamics are still missing. Here, in addition to our cryogenic temperature structures, we determined the first ambient temperature structures of the Nmar_1308 protein by Serial Femtosecond X-ray Crystallography (SFX). The determined structures capture previously unobserved conformational dynamics of the Nmar_1308 protein, providing invaluable information for future synthetic biology applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Destan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yabashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yapici, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolar, B. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kulakman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nergiz, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsuura, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawano, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deutsch, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshikuni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.07.663511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deciphering the altered conformational states of bifunctional thaumarchaeal crotonyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase from Nitrosopumilus maritimus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.662937v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
f-BGM enables fungi-specific genome mining in high accuracy and interpretability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.662937v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging artificial intelligence (AI)-based genome mining methods have revolutionized the paradigm of bacterial secondary metabolite (SM) discovery. Fortunately, recent data accumulation of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) fairly offers opportunities for systematic development and evaluation of fungi-specific pipelines. In this work, we proposed a deep learning framework termed as f-BGM specifically for fungal genome mining. By designing a novel self-attention-based architecture to augment inter-domain associations in local genomic contexts, f-BGM exhibits superior performance over existing AI-based methods in both in-distribution and out-of-distribution benchmark tests for BGC detection. Further analyses demonstrate that f-BGM is of decent interpretability on deciphering single-domain and -protein importance, as well as inter-domain partnership. By establishing additional binary classification models, f-BGM also achieves high-quality identification of core enzymes within given BGCs. Finally, case studies of f-BGM-driven genome mining in marine fungi uncovers biosynthetic potential underestimated by the rule-based method antiSMASH, as supported by experimental and computational validation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.662937</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[f-BGM enables fungi-specific genome mining in high accuracy and interpretability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
NuMA promotes constitutive heterochromatin compaction by stabilizing linker histone H1 on chromatin 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Heterochromatin has been widely recognized to exert pivotal functions of silencing specific genes and maintenance of genome stability. However, the mechanisms underlying heterochromatin formation and maintenance remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we discovered that the critical mitotic regulator NuMA, as a nucleoskeleton protein, is required for constitutive heterochromatin organization at the level of nucleosomes in the interphase. Depletion of NuMA results in shortened nucleosome repeat length (NRL), dispersed nucleosome clutches and increased chromatin accessibility in heterochromatin regions. Afterwards, epigenetic maintenance and transcription repression in constitutive heterochromatin are disrupted upon NuMA-depletion, particularly the up-regulated transcription level of the non-coding long terminal repeat (LTR) elements, indicating the crucial roles of NuMA in cell differentiation and senescence. We revealed that such functions of NuMA rely on its interaction with linker histone H1, which stabilizes H1s binding to chromatin and facilitates nucleosome stacking. We provided direct structural evidence of NuMAs stabilization effect at the highest spatial resolution of nucleosomes through in situ cryo-ET. Notably, we found that NuMA oligomerizes into quasi-meshwork in nucleoplasm and highly co-localizes with H1 on the chromatin, providing the organization basis for NuMA as a nucleoskeleton protein in chromatin architecture regulation. Collectively, our findings illuminate the concerted effect of nucleoskeleton protein and linker histone on chromatin compaction at the level of nucleosomes, which unveil a new layer of mechanisms by which nucleoskeleton regulates heterochromatin formation and maintenance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baumeister, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[NuMA promotes constitutive heterochromatin compaction by stabilizing linker histone H1 on chromatin]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Substituent-based Modulation of Self-Assembly and Immunogenicity of Amphipathic Peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Peptide-based biomaterials assembled through monomer-by-monomer self-assembly provide versatile platforms for biomedical applications due to their adjustable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and dynamic nature. The self-assembly process largely depends on primary sequence features, such as hydrophobicity, length, and charge, which influence the formation of various nanostructures, including fibrils and hydrogels. Amphipathic peptides, characterized by alternating polar and hydrophobic residues, are especially effective in forming supramolecular nanofibers stabilized by {pi}-{pi} interactions and hydrogen bonds. Chemical modifications, particularly on aromatic side chains, have proven to be a promising approach for controlling assembly morphology, stability, and biological activity. In organic chemistry, the use of chemical substituents, such as halogens, alkyl groups, or electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, has been widely employed to alter reactivity, stability, and molecular interactions for diverse applications, including catalysts, pharmaceuticals, and materials science. However, the influence of these substituents on peptide packing and in vivo immunogenicity remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we systematically examine how changes in the position and nature of substituents on benzyl groups attached to short amphipathic peptides affect self-assembly, fibril morphology, and immune responses. By introducing different electron-donating and withdrawing groups at the para-position of benzyl rings and modifying the chain length connecting the backbone to the aromatic moiety, we observe notable effects on fibril formation, molecular packing, and immunogenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that subtle chemical modifications are effective tools for designing tailored peptide nanomaterials with promising potential in vaccine delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Das, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pramanik, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fascetti, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stealey, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zustiak, S. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berkland, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackrel, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudra, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Substituent-based Modulation of Self-Assembly and Immunogenicity of Amphipathic Peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.661192v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Fibroblast State Choreographs an Epithelial YAP-dependent Regenerative Program Essential to (Pre)malignancy via ECM-mediated Mechanotransduction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.11.661192v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Chronic lung injury generates metaplasia which occasionally, but ominously, progresses to squamous dysplasia and squamous lung cancer. To identify mechanisms through which disrupted tissue homeostasis contributes to malignant initiation and progression, we used in vivo and in vitro heterotypic recombinant models of human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) and fibroblasts. We demonstrate that injury-associated TGF-{beta} signaling creates a fibroblast state dependent upon HSP47 upregulation. These fibroblasts accumulated collagen, thus elevating tissue stiffness and activating mechanosignaling that sustained YAP-dependent embryonic-like, pro-malignant activities in adjacent hBECs. This Stress/Tension-Instructive Fibroblast (STIF) state, exhibited by stressed fibroblasts in premalignant and malignant lesions across multiple cancer types, was sufficient to reprogram disease-free hBECs to metaplasia and to drive hBECs with compromised tumor suppressor function to dysplasia, yet could be inhibited and reversed. STIFs suffice to activate epithelial phenotypes reminiscent of oncogene-mediated cell transformation and induce (pre)malignancy via increased force transmission, providing novel targets for prevention.

Statement of significanceTissue injury creates a regenerative pro-tumorigenic Stress/Tension-Instructive Fibroblast (STIF) state which is sufficient to activate a YAP-dependent, pre-malignant program to induce or unmask pre-cancerous phenotypes in epithelial cells through mechanotransduction. Inhibition of STIF activity or mechanosignaling prevents metaplasia and progression to dysplasia.

HighlightsO_LITissue injury creates a pro-tumorigenic Stress/Tension-Instructive Fibroblast (STIF) state in multiple organs that precedes and persists through cancer
C_LIO_LISTIF signaling alone, working through fibroblasts and not epithelial cells, is sufficient to activate embryonic-like plasticity and induce epithelial pre-cancerous metaplastic lesions
C_LIO_LISTIFs program (pre)malignant phenotypes in adjacent epithelial cells through mechanosignaling by activating YAP prior to tumor formation
C_LIO_LIInhibiting STIFs or mechanosignaling prevents/reverts metaplasia and prevents progression to dysplasia
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pan, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gascard, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caruso, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen-Tanyolac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sangwan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertos, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camilleri-Broet, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oikonomopoulos, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Strasser, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, D. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bons, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burton, J. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fels-Elliott, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miyara, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alon, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Urisman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ragoussis, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferri, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tlsty, T. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.11.661192</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Fibroblast State Choreographs an Epithelial YAP-dependent Regenerative Program Essential to (Pre)malignancy via ECM-mediated Mechanotransduction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663688v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNA detection from spatial transcriptomics using SpaCNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.08.663688v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables genome-wide profiling of gene expression while preserving spatial context, yet accurate detection of copy number alterations (CNAs) in tumor ST data remain challenging. Here we present SpaCNA, a spatial-aware computational framework that integrates multi-modal spatial information to improve CNA detection. SpaCNA constructs adjacency graphs using spatial proximity and H&E stained image similarity, refines the raw gene expressions, and implements a Hidden Markov Random Field model for robust CNA state inference. Through extensive benchmarking on simulated data and multi-cancer cohorts, SpaCNA demonstrates superior accuracy and outperforms existing methods in CNA detection and tumor region identification. In real-world applications to breast cancer and colorectal cancer, SpaCNA reveals spatially distinct subclones with context-dependent interactions within the microenvironment. Additionally, applied to a 3D ST dataset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, SpaCNA uncovers clone-specific CNAs associated with therapeutic resistance biomarkers across multiple slices. By facilitating precise spatial mapping of CNAs and tumor architecture, SpaCNA significantly enhances our understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial evolutionary patterns.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.08.663688</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNA detection from spatial transcriptomics using SpaCNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Granulin+ macrophages promote lineage plasticity in prostate cancer through paracrine signaling loops 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.09.663835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in driving phenotype switching remains unclear, despite the well-established association between lineage transition and drug resistance in prostate cancer. This study employed an integrated analysis of single-cell multiomics to investigate the dynamics of immune infiltration, transcriptional programs, and cell-cell communication in prostate cancer. Our results demonstrated that granulin (GRN) positive macrophages facilitated the transition from adenocarcinoma to a multilineage state with mesenchymal and stem-like traits by activating intra-tumoral NF-{kappa}B signaling. Subsequently, the multilineage clones induced macrophages to highly express granulin through the secretion of CSF1, forming a positive feedback cell communication loop. Next, we validated the biological function of granulin in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Additionally, organoids drug resistance assay demonstrated that granulin drove resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted drug (enzalutamide). Moreover, pharmacologic blockade of the CSF-1/CSF-1R axis in TRAMP mouse models reduced the expression of GRN in macrophages and suppressed the formation of multilineage subclones in prostate malignant cells. Furthermore, multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tumor samples from TRAMP mouse models revealed the VIM lineages were spatially in close contact with macrophages. Meanwhile, Cytometry by Time-Of-Flight (CyTOF) analysis validated our findings at single-cell protein level in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Besides, three distinct tumor-infiltrating subsets associated with disease relapse were identified, including DCN+ endothelial cells, CCL7+ fibroblasts, and IFIT1+ neutrophils. These results offer potential therapeutic targets to address lineage plasticity-driven resistance to AR-targeted therapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baiyin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.09.663835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Granulin+ macrophages promote lineage plasticity in prostate cancer through paracrine signaling loops]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Plant phylogeny and life history predict AM fungal species and genetic composition, but only life history and genetic composition predict feedback 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Symbioses exert strong influences on host phenotypes; however, benefits from symbioses can increase or degrade over time. Understanding the context-dependence of reinforcing or degrading dynamics is pivotal to predicting stability of symbiotic benefits. Host phylogenetic relationships and host life history traits are two candidate axes that have been proposed to structure symbioses. However, the relative influence of host evolutionary history and life history on symbiont composition, and whether changes in symbiont composition translate into stronger mutualistic benefits is unknown. We tested the influence of plant phylogenetic relationships and plant life history on the composition of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, perhaps the most ancestral and influential of plant symbionts, and then tested whether AM fungal differentiation resulted in improved mutualism. We constructed mycobiomes composed of seven AM fungal isolates derived from tallgrass prairie and grew them for two growing seasons with 38 grassland plant species. We found that host phylogenetic structure was a significant predictor of the composition of AM fungal communities and the genetic composition of AM fungal species, patterns consistent with phylosymbiosis. However, the phylogenetic structure of AM fungi failed to translate to improved benefit to their host. While AM fungi generally improved plant growth and mycorrhizal feedback was generally positive, the strength of feedback was not predicted by plant phylogenetic distance. The composition of the AM fungal community and genetic composition within AM fungal species were also significantly influenced by plant life history. In addition, feedbacks between early and late successional species were generally positive. Interestingly, changes in species composition did not predict feedback, while changes in genetic composition of the two most abundant AM fungal species predicted positive mycorrhizal feedback. These reinforcing mycorrhizal feedbacks across life history can mediate plant species turnover during succession and suggests that consideration of mycorrhizal dynamics could improve restoration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramos, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richards, B. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bever, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.664051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Plant phylogeny and life history predict AM fungal species and genetic composition, but only life history and genetic composition predict feedback]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Topsicle: a method for estimating telomere length from whole genome long-read sequencing data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.10.664126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Telomeres protect chromosome ends and its length varies significantly between organisms. Because telomere length variation is associated with various biomedical and eco-evolutionary phenotypes, many biological fields are interest in understanding its biological significance. Here we introduce Topsicle, a computational method that estimates telomere length from whole genome long read sequencing data using k-mer and change point detection analysis. Simulations showed Topsicle was robust to sequencing errors and coverage. Application of Topsicle on plant and human cancer cells showed high accuracy and comparable results to direct telomere length measurements. We predict Topsicle will be a useful tool for studying telomere biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.10.664126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Topsicle: a method for estimating telomere length from whole genome long-read sequencing data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.663733v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Airway Epithelial SARS-CoV-2 Infectious and Repair Responses: Relationships to Age, Sex, and Post-COVID Pulmonary Syndromes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.663733v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The long-term pulmonary sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections reflect infection severity, innate and adaptive immunity, and respiratory epithelial repair. This study investigated the acute and reparative responses as a function of age and sex in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cultures utilizing a 14-day SARS-CoV-2 infection protocol. SARS-CoV-2 infection peaked at 3 days post-infection (dpi) with an [~] 2 log titer suppression at 14 dpi. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced interferon, interferon-induced gene, and cell damage responses. No age- or sex-dependent effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected. Airway epithelia repaired to an abnormal mucus metaplastic/inflammatory state that reflected potentially beneficial and adverse consequences at 14 dpi. Repair processes were infection severity-dependent, not sex-dependent, and were more robust in young donor cultures. Analyses of long-COVID subjects with persistent pulmonary fibrosis or persistent bronchitic airway diseases exhibited expression of HBE 14 dpi failed repair gene signatures, including ISG gene signatures. Human airway epithelial repair post-SARS-CoV-2 is prolonged and incomplete in vitro over 14 days, and persistently abnormal repair may contribute to phenotypes of people with long-COVID pulmonary syndrome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kato, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reidel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meganck, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esther, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ehre, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulcher, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bailey, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cooley, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mikami, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asakura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hawkins, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saito, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyers, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Konopka, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerayeli, F. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sin, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livraghi-Butrico, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okuda, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pickles, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Klein, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Randell, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Neal, W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baric, R. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.663733</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Airway Epithelial SARS-CoV-2 Infectious and Repair Responses: Relationships to Age, Sex, and Post-COVID Pulmonary Syndromes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.663271v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AtlasAgent: Vision language model and Agent-guided Framework for Evaluation of Atlas-scale Single-cell Integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.663271v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As single-cell omics transitions into the era of AI-virtual cells (AIVC), where large-scale single-cell data integration becomes prevalent, the computational demands of integration evaluation emerge as critical scalability bottlenecks. Traditional integration evaluation pipelines, requiring metrics like k-nearest-neighbor batch effect test (kBET) and Local Inverse Simpsons Index (iLISI) employed by state-of-the-art scIB method, often demand large computational resources and long runtimes, making them infeasible for large scale integration studies. Herein, we present AtlasAgent, the first vision-language model (VLM)-powered and AI agent framework to accelerate atlas-scale integration evaluation at unprecedented speed and scale. We systematically evaluate batch correction quality, biological signal preservation and overcorrection risks using chain-of-thought reasoning in conjunction with few-shot and zero-shot prompting strategies. AtlasAgent completes evaluation within 32 seconds, in contrast to scIBs runtime of 5.55 hours in GPU, while identifying the scIB-determint best integration methods within the top-3 in 88.3% of the time, lowering evaluation time from hours to seconds while preserving alignment with domain expert reasoning. AtlasAgent pioneers the use of VLMs to realize scalable and rapid integration evaluation at atlas scale.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, N. L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ho, J. W. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.663271</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AtlasAgent: Vision language model and Agent-guided Framework for Evaluation of Atlas-scale Single-cell Integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664906v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatiotemporal dynamics of questing activity by four tick species in the central Great Plains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.15.664906v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In this study, we explore a suite of new ecological niche modeling approaches to illuminate the distributional potential and distributional dynamics of questing individuals of four tick species in the central Great Plains region. Specifically, we improve on typical approaches in distributional ecology by (1) assigning time-specific environmental values to sampling events so that repeated sampling at the same points yields additional information, (2) using both positive and negative records of the species as inputs in model development, and (3) constraining model response shapes in models to resemble the shapes of fundamental ecological niches. Model outcomes demonstrate both seasonal dynamics and differences between species in terms of the geographic potential of questing behavior by Great Plains tick species. These improved approaches in distributional ecology have considerable potential to enrich distributional understanding of vector species distributions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cobos, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Corimanya, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng'eno, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nunez-Penicet, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perkins, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ruiz-Utrilla, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkishe, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romero-Alvarez, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghosh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peterson, A. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncan, K. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.15.664906</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatiotemporal dynamics of questing activity by four tick species in the central Great Plains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.664367v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel interoceptive subfornical organ to infralimbic cortex circuit relays airway inflammation effects on fear extinction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.664367v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
There is growing interest in the impact of internal body states on the brain and behavior. The detrimental effects of chronic lung inflammation on mental health are well recognized, however, underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, using a murine model of allergic asthma we report compromised fear extinction in mice with severe but not mild airway inflammation (AI); an effect abolished by anti-interleukin-17A (IL-17A) antibodies. Investigation of innate immune cells, microglia as-well-as transcriptomic signatures in the subfornical organ (SFO), a brain interoceptive node lacking a traditional blood-brain-barrier, revealed significant alterations in severe AI mice. IL-17 Receptor A (IL-17RA) was expressed in SFO microglia and upregulated in severe AI mice. Notably, ablation of microglial IL-17RA improved fear extinction in severe AI mice. Furthermore, we identified direct SFO projections to the infralimbic (IL) cortex, a key area regulating extinction. Importantly, chemogenetic inhibition of the SFO-IL circuit led to improved fear extinction in severe AI mice. Collectively, we report a unique body-to-brain interoceptive mechanism engaging the SFO and an SFO-to-IL circuit, through which airway inflammatory mediators compromise fear extinction. Beyond asthma, our findings are relevant to other pulmonary pathologies (e.g. bacterial pneumonia, ARDS, COVID-19) highlighting a risk for cortical dysfunction and fear pathologies such as PTSD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Allgire, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McAlees, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlbrand, R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmer, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winter, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McMurray, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maile, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanders, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryan, W. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pool, A.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ifergan, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wohleb, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davidson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullumsmith, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lewkowich, I. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sah, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.664367</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel interoceptive subfornical organ to infralimbic cortex circuit relays airway inflammation effects on fear extinction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.664572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A 3-genes interferon signature predicts sustained complete remission in pediatric AML patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.17.664572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The immunological composition of the microenvironment has shown relevance for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in solid tumors but remains underexplored in acute leukemias. We investigated the significance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow microenvironment in predicting chemosensitivity and long-term remission in pediatric patients.

We analyzed 32 non-promyelocytic pediatric AML patients at diagnosis using NanoString PanCancer IO 360 assay, RNA sequencing, and deep-phenotype flow cytometry analyses. The findings were validated using the pediatric TARGET AML dataset.

A short signature of three interferon (IFN)-related genes (GBP1, PARP12, TRAT1) distinguished patients with chemosensitive disease and reduced minimal residual disease after induction chemotherapy. The signature stratified patients overall, and within the clinically defined "standard-risk" group, patients with high gene expression at diagnosis had significantly longer overall survival. The leukemia microenvironment associated with this signature showed enrichment of non-exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes and expansion of CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) in patients with a favorable prognosis. Our results show the importance of the bone marrow microenvironment in pediatric AML and provide tools for a refined stratification of "standard-risk" patients, lacking adequate risk-oriented therapies. They also offer a promising guide for tackling immune pathways and exploiting immune-targeted therapies.

Statement of significanceWe identified a novel three-gene IFN-related signature that distinguished pediatric AML patients by chemosensitivity and remission outcomes. It stratified patients across all risk groups, including the "standard-risk" group, with high expression linked to a T-cell-enriched microenvironment and longer survival. This signature may enhance risk stratification and guide targeted immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sherif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, A. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibrahim, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rinchai, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elanbari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizhakayil, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toufiq, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vempalli, F. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mina, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Comoli, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghias, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fadoo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herrera, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lachica, C.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dawoud, E. D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bibawi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sapia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dason, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ejaz, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anas, M. Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gentilcore, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cugno, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deola, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.17.664572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A 3-genes interferon signature predicts sustained complete remission in pediatric AML patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.663728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A live tumor fragment platform to assess immunotherapy response in core needle biopsies while addressing challenges of tumor heterogeneity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.18.663728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, providing durable and even curative responses. However, most patients do not respond and current biomarkers (eg, programmed death ligand (PD-L1), mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR)/high microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden) lack predictive accuracy. Ex vivo profiling of patient-derived tumor fragments shows promise as a predictive biomarker but relies on substantial surgical tissue to mitigate intra-specimen heterogeneity. Innovations are needed that address these challenges, particularly where limited tissue is available in core needle biopsies (CNBs).

MethodsLive tumor fragments (LTFs) were generated from 59 human tumor resections and 31 CNBs from patients enrolled in observational clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT05478538, NCT05520099, NCT06349642) to assess cytokine induction following ICI treatment. LTFs were encapsulated in hydrogel and cultured ex vivo for up to 72 hours. A sequential treatment strategy that applies control and treatment within the same well was used with response to ICI or CD3/CD28 assessed using a multiplex secretome assay. Viability was assessed using established metabolic assays and dynamic optical coherence microscopy.

ResultsLTFs maintained viability and retained T cells responsive to stimulation throughout ex vivo culture. Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed key components of the tumor microenvironment, including relative proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ immune cell populations, were preserved. Specimens positive for PD-L1 or dMMR/MSI-high were enriched for cytokine upregulation, including T-cell response cytokines IFN{gamma} and CXCL10, after PD-1 treatment. To demonstrate clinical applicability of the sequential treatment strategy, CNBs from patients with lung, gastrointestinal or kidney cancer were profiled and differential cytokine induction in response to ICI treatment was observed.

ConclusionsThe novel ex vivo platform presented is capable of detecting T-cell response to ICI treatment by using a sequential treatment strategy. This approach addresses challenges associated with cross-well heterogeneity in tissue composition and requires half as much tissue as a cross-well comparison, mitigating tissue limitations typically associated with non-surgical biopsies. Importantly, the platform is compatible with established functional assays as well as non-destructive spatial imaging, enabling researchers to characterize response to ICI longitudinally. Ongoing trials will enable clinicians to assess platform performance in predicting response to immunotherapy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramasubramanian, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adstamongkonkul, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scribano, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caenepeel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hrycyniak, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vedder, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dana, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baltes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Browning, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.-I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietz, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flietner, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaplewski, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kellner, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korrer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marhefke, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McDonnell, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasreen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pope, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prasad, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Richardson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sood, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sunil, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>von Euw, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wait, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wargowski, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Advani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Broome, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruckbauer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kokabi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robaina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Toia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Routh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Friedl, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eliceiri, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Szulczewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliner, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Capi</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.18.663728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A live tumor fragment platform to assess immunotherapy response in core needle biopsies while addressing challenges of tumor heterogeneity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665070v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Self-limiting population suppression gene drive in the West Nile vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665070v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Culex mosquitoes transmit major pathogens including West Nile virus, encephalitis, filariasis, and avian malaria, threatening public health, poultry, and ecosystems. We engineered a CRISPR-based population suppression gene drive targeting a conserved exon of the doublesex (dsx) gene. The drive incorporates a recoded dsxM segment to preserve male function while converting genetic females into sterile intersexes, enabling male-biased propagation and removal of fertile females. It achieves super-Mendelian inheritance ([~]71%) and generates partially dominant sterile resistance alleles via end-joining, resulting in intersex phenotypes with reduced fertility and hatchability. Modeling predicts that this RIDD (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant-sterile Drive) system can suppress populations at low intrinsic growth rates and release ratios, outperforming SIT and fs-RIDL strategies in persistence and efficiency, with further gains achievable through improved cleavage rates. This study establishes a self-limiting gene drive framework for Culex suppression, highlightling the potential of targeting conserved sex-determination pathways for sustainable vector control.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lopez Del Amo, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gantz, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-x.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665070</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Self-limiting population suppression gene drive in the West Nile vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665161v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A C. elegans model of familial Alzheimer's disease shows age-dependent synaptic degeneration independent of amyloid β-peptide 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.16.665161v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The membrane-embedded {gamma}-secretase complex is involved in the intramembrane cleavage of [~] 150 substrates. Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-derived substrate C99 generates 38-43-residue secreted amyloid {beta}-peptides (A{beta}), with the aggregation-prone 42-residue form (A{beta}42) particularly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers Disease (AD). However, whether A{beta}42 is the primary driver of neurodegeneration in AD remains unclear. Dominant mutations in APP or presenilin--the catalytic component of {gamma}-secretase--cause early-onset familial AD (FAD) and reduce one or more steps in the multi-step processive proteolysis of C99 to A{beta} peptides, apparently through stabilization of {gamma}-secretase enzyme-substrate (E-S) complexes. To investigate mechanisms of neurodegeneration in FAD, we developed new C. elegans models co-expressing wild-type or FAD-mutant C99 substrate and presenilin-1 (PSEN1) variants in neurons, allowing intramembrane processing of C99 to A{beta} in vivo. We demonstrate that while FAD-mutation of either C99 or PSEN1 leads to age-dependent synaptic loss, proteolytically inactive PSEN1 did not. Designed mutations that allow stable E-S complex formation without A{beta}42 or A{beta} production likewise result in synaptic degeneration. Moreover, replacement of C99 with variants of a Notch1-based substrate revealed that disrupted processing of another {gamma}-secretase substrate can similarly lead to synaptic degeneration. These results support a model in which synaptic loss can be triggered by toxic, stalled {gamma}-secretase E-S complexes in the absence of A{beta} production and not by simple loss of proteolytic function. This new C. elegans system provides a powerful platform to study the role of dysfunctional {gamma}-secretase substrate processing in FAD pathogenesis.

SIGNIFICANCEDominantly inherited familial Alzheimers disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in the enzyme or substrate that produces amyloid {beta}-peptides (A{beta}). These mutations alter enzyme processing of substrate to A{beta} and can skew production of A{beta} to aggregation-prone forms that deposit as pathological plaques. Nevertheless, whether A{beta} is the primary driver of AD remains unresolved. Recent evidence supports a model in which loss of neuronal connections in FAD is due to the stalled enzymatic process of A{beta} production, rather than the A{beta} products. Using the roundworm C. elegans as a genetic model system, we show here that the stalled process itself, rather than A{beta} or reduced enzyme activity, can trigger loss of neuronal connections with age in this simple model animal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nagarajan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Libowitz, C. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ackley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.16.665161</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A C. elegans model of familial Alzheimer's disease shows age-dependent synaptic degeneration independent of amyloid β-peptide]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Construction of a genome-wide pooled CRISPRi library as a resource for exploring the acid tolerance mechanism in Streptococcus mutans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.22.666072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Streptococcus mutans is recognized as the primary etiological agent of dental caries, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases globally. Its remarkable acid tolerance enables survival and proliferation in the low-pH biofilm microenvironment, establishing S. mutans as the dominant species in dental plaque and a key contributor to cariogenesis. Although numerous studies have identified genes linked to acid tolerance mechanisms, the full set of essential acid tolerance genes within its genome remains incompletely characterized, largely due to the lack of systematic, genome-scale investigations. To address this knowledge gap, we constructed a genome-wide pooled CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) library targeting 95% of the predicted S. mutans genes and employed next-generation sequencing to identify acid tolerance determinants systematically. Our screen revealed 95 acid tolerance-associated genes, a subset of which were functionally validated through gene knockout studies. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated significant associations with metabolic pathways (including cofactor biosynthesis and amino/nucleotide sugar metabolism), tRNA modification, and transcriptional regulation. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified critical interactors (ComYC, SMU_1979c, DeoC, AcpP, NadD, and SMU_1988c) and two functionally cohesive modules. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the acid adaptation strategies of S. mutans and highlight potential therapeutic targets for caries prevention.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.22.666072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Construction of a genome-wide pooled CRISPRi library as a resource for exploring the acid tolerance mechanism in Streptococcus mutans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complementary role of frontal theta and parietal alpha activity in resolving visual competition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.665846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain processes vast information every second, much of which is irrelevant. Given the massive distracting information in which a target is embedded, the ability to manage distractions becomes the determinant of efficient information processing. Fortunately, the visual world is not entirely random; prior knowledge about targets and distractors can guide strategic attentional allocation. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely understood. Using a binocular rivalry paradigm with flickering stimuli, we examined the rhythmic neural dynamics modulating target and distractor processing. Participants were cued in advance about the feature of the target or distractor on each trial. There was a behavioral enhancement in the target-cueing condition but no significant benefit or cost was observed in the distractor-cueing condition. Single-trial analyses showed that the absence of distractor-related cost was driven by reactive inhibition control, characterized by pronounced frontal theta activity that reduced the sensory gain of the distractor during rivalry. Additionally, distractor cues produced stronger alpha activity over parietal areas, reflecting enhanced attentional gating. This gating mechanism subserves the segregation of competing visual inputs, stabilizing perception by facilitating target identification and isolating distractors, without directly modulating sensory gain. These findings reveal that resolving competition between rivalrous stimuli is achieved through complementary neural mechanisms of reactive direct inhibition and proactive indirect gating, mediated by temporally dissociable theta and alpha oscillations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reinhart, R. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.665846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complementary role of frontal theta and parietal alpha activity in resolving visual competition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666414v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Illusion of Polygenicity in Poolseq studies: Insufficient Power Can Mask Simple Genetic Architectures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.23.666414v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pool-seq (pooled sequencing) combines DNA from multiple individuals prior to sequencing, enabling population-level allele frequency estimation without individual genotyping. When employed in Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) pool-seq faces a fundamental power limitation in that errors on allele frequency estimates are proportional to sequence coverage. Although this power limitation is widely appreciated, pool-seq GWAS lacking unambiguous hits are often interpreted as showing a highly polygenic genetic architecture. We illustrate the limitation of inferring architecture from Manhattan plots using empirical data from a Drosophila zinc resistance mapping study. Despite achieving an average of >700x sequencing coverage in case and control pools, a directly ascertained SNP-based GWAS failed to reveal clear evidence for major-effect loci. A unique feature of the dataset is that an advanced intercross multiparent population, with known founders, was employed as the base population for the GWAS. We leverage this unique population structure to carry out a second GWAS using imputed haplotype frequency estimates, which in contrast revealed localized regions of major effect. A third reanalysis of the same data using imputed SNP genotypes derived from the founder haplotype frequency estimates uncovered a similar major gene architecture. The key difference between approaches lies in statistical power: directly ascertained SNP counts have errors proportional to sequencing coverage whereas known founder imputation-based approaches can be considerably more accurate. This work highlights that insufficiently powered GWAS studies can mask simple genetic architectures and create the illusion of polygenicity through statistical noise alone.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Long, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanson, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Macdonald, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.23.666414</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Illusion of Polygenicity in Poolseq studies: Insufficient Power Can Mask Simple Genetic Architectures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.664930v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rag GTPases Suppress Renal Cystic Disease by Inhibiting TFEB Independently of mTORC1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.664930v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant mTORC1 activation in renal tubular epithelial cells (rTECs) is implicated as a critical driver of renal cystic diseases (RCDs), including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and tuberous sclerosis (TSC), yet its precise role remains unclear. Rag GTPases recruit mTORC1 to lysosomes, its intracellular activation site. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting RagA/B in rTECs, despite inhibiting mTORC1, triggers renal cystogenesis and kidney failure. We identify TFEB as the key driver of cystogenesis downstream of RagA/B loss and show that Rag GTPases, rather than mTORC1, are the primary suppressors of TFEB in vivo. We further highlight increased nuclear TFEB as a shared feature of several RCD models, whereas differences in mTORC1 activity may explain the variable efficacy of mTORC1 inhibitors. Finally, we provide evidence that nuclear TFEB, rather than mTORC1 activation, is a more consistent biomarker of cyst-lining epithelial cells in ADPKD. Overall, these findings challenge the prevailing view that mTORC1 hyperactivation is required for renal cystogenesis, which has important translational implications.

TeaserA serendipitous finding uncovers the Rag GTPases as strong suppressors of renal cystogenesis with important disease implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Fatima Silva, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boucher, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaughan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Korobkina, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isidor, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, A. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allison, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pazour, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guertin, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.664930</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rag GTPases Suppress Renal Cystic Disease by Inhibiting TFEB Independently of mTORC1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666617v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive profiling of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiome of Tibetan antelopes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.666617v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tibetan antelopes, native to high-altitude plateau regions, play a vital role in the local ecosystem. However, their gut microbiota harbors diverse antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes (VFGs), raising concerns about the potential spread of antibiotic resistance in wildlife. In this study, in addition to collecting 26,608 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from public databases, we performed gut metagenomic sequencing on 68 Tibetan antelopes and obtained 7,318 MAGs through binning. A total of 2,968 ARGs were identified, conferring resistance to 23 antibiotic classes, with elfamycin resistance being the most prevalent. Comparative analysis revealed 7 ARGs unique to Tibetan antelopes, suggesting species-specific adaptations. Additionally, during the analysis of shared antibiotic resistance profiles between Tibetan antelopes and humans, two bacterial strains were identified within the Tibetan antelope gut microbiota: Enterococcus gallinarum exhibiting resistance to extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamases and Klebsiella grimontii demonstrating vancomycin resistance. Mobile genetic elements played a key role in ARG dissemination. ARGs were significantly correlated with VFGs, particularly those linked to adherence and effector delivery systems. These findings underscore for the first time the potential ecological and health implications of ARG dissemination in Tibetan antelopes, highlighting the need for further surveillance to assess its impact on wildlife and environmental resistomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ni, H.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elsheikha, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, H.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lei, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.666617</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive profiling of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, and mobile genetic elements in the gut microbiome of Tibetan antelopes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666049v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hybrid peptide DNA nanomaterials enable potent and broad-spectrum virus neutralization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.21.666049v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The continued emergence of antigenic drift and drug-resistant viral strains highlights the need for antiviral strategies that deliver robust efficacy, broad subtype coverage, and minimal off-target toxicity. We demonstrate a potent and broad-spectrum strategy that employs hybrid biomaterials of Urumin (a host defense peptide) and a honeycomb (HC) DNA origami through spatially organized multivalent presentation for enhanced antiviral efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Urumin penetrates and destabilizes the hemagglutinin (HA) trimer core, disrupting influenza A viral (IAV) entry. Arranging Urumin in trimeric clusters on the HC enables potent multivalent binding to trimeric HAs on IAV, enhancing antiviral efficacy at nanomolar concentrations, [~]1,000-fold more effective than free Urumin. In vitro assays confirm HC-Urumin outperforms free Urumin in blocking viral entry and preserving cell viability in more IAV subtypes. In vivo studies show that compared to free Urumin, HC-Urumin treatment reduces disease severity, preserves physiological behavior, and decreases mortality in infected mice, while maintaining virus-specific adaptive immune responses without altering humoral immunity. Our study offers an advanced and effective materials platform and strategy for broad-spectrum, low-dose intervention against human and animal IAVs, which can be adapted to combat other viruses by patterning corresponding host defense peptides on custom designed DNA nanostructures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Umrao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dwivedy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haak, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gandavadi, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rund, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steelman, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.21.666049</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hybrid peptide DNA nanomaterials enable potent and broad-spectrum virus neutralization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.665835v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GraphTME: a framework for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors by interpreting cell-cell interactions in the tumour microenvironment using spatial transcriptomics of tumour tissue 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.24.665835v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used to treat cancer by reactivating T-cell responses against tumours, yet clinical efficacy remains limited due to low response rates and the lack of robust predictive biomarkers. The tumour microenvironment critically shapes ICI responsiveness by modulating antitumour immunity, necessitating a deeper understanding of spatially organised cell-cell interactions. Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables such analysis at single-cell resolution. We present GraphTME, a spatially informed and biologically interpretable framework that models pathway-specific directional cell-cell interactions to predict anti-PD-1 response. Ligand-receptor interactions are organised by signalling pathways and represented as a multi-relational directed graph, with edge weights inversely scaled by spatial distance. Using CD8+ T cells from single-cell RNA-seq data of ICI-treated NSCLC patients, we trained a relational graph convolutional network to infer immune responsiveness. GraphTME achieved an F1 score exceeding 0.83 in predicting ICI response and was validated using MERFISH data from an NSCLC patient with a partial response. Predicted responder CD8+ T cells exhibited higher abundance and stronger directional signalling to tumour cells. They also expressed genes associated with antitumour activity, while non-responders showed expression patterns linked to poor prognosis. GraphTME is the first framework to quantitatively model single-cell-level interactions within the spatial architecture of tumour tissues and predict ICI responses from these interactions. It offers a spatially resolved, biologically grounded biomarker for immunotherapy and a tool for dissecting immune dynamics in situ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.24.665835</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GraphTME: a framework for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors by interpreting cell-cell interactions in the tumour microenvironment using spatial transcriptomics of tumour tissue]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.666075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites are dynamic membrane-less organelles that assemble via a hierarchical pathway 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.27.666075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centriolar satellites (CS) are ubiquitous, membrane-less organelles recognized for organelle crosstalk, plasticity, diverse functions and links to developmental and neuronal diseases. However, the molecular principles governing their assembly and regulation remain poorly understood. To address this, we developed cellular and in vitro biogenesis assays that allow spatiotemporal quantification of CS granule properties during assembly, remodeling and maintenance. Using these tools, we show that CS assemble via a hierarchical pathway initiated by PCM1 scaffold formation followed by regulated client recruitment. PCM1 intrinsically assembles into granules through multimerization, a process modulated by cytoskeleton. High-resolution imaging revealed that PCM1 and its clients occupy distinct subdomains with different compositions and dynamics, adding an additional layer of regulation. Perturbing PCM1 multimerization impaired ciliary signaling, underscoring its functional importance. Collectively, these findings define the molecular basis of CS biogenesis, establish new tools to probe their context-dependent functions, and provide a framework for understanding how CS deregulation contributes to disease. More broadly, the principles uncovered here may extend to other membrane-less organelles, explaining their specificity and plasticity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Begar, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seyrek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arslanhan, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odabasi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-07-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.27.666075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Centriolar satellites are dynamic membrane-less organelles that assemble via a hierarchical pathway]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-07-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667795v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Selective Observation Under Limited Resources Biases Social Inference Through Hysteresis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667795v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite limited access to others actions and outcomes, humans excel at inferring hidden intentions. Given only partial access, how do they decide what to observe, and how does selective observation shape inference? Here, we examined how choosing what to observe can bias the inference about others intentions. Participants played a game where they pursued a fleeing target while a computerized opponent acted competitively or cooperatively. Participants overestimated the opponents competitiveness after the opponent acted more competitively than expected, whereas no such bias occurred when the opponent was more cooperative than expected. This asymmetry depended on the sequence of events, resembling hysteresis, a form of path dependence observed in physical systems. We found that these biases became stronger when participants chose to observe the opponent instead of their own avatar, and this choice came at the cost of losing precise control over their avatar. Our findings highlight the trade-off in selecting what to observe, as the resulting inference biases propagate differently depending on the interaction history.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Son, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S. B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.667795</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Selective Observation Under Limited Resources Biases Social Inference Through Hysteresis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.666798v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.666798v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transmission routes of highly pathogenic H5N1 between cows or to humans remain unclear due to limited data from affected dairy farms. We performed air, farm wastewater, and milk sampling on 14 H5N1 positive dairy farms across two different California regions. Infectious virus was detected in the air in milking parlors and in wastewater streams, while viral RNA was found in exhaled breath of cows. Sequence analysis of infectious H5N1 virus from air and wastewater samples on one farm revealed viral variants relevant for potential human susceptibility. Longitudinal analysis of milk from the individual quarters of cows revealed a high prevalence of subclinical H5N1 positive cows. Additionally, a heterogeneous distribution of infected quarters that maintained a consistent pattern over time was observed, inconsistent with shared milking equipment serving as the sole transmission mode. The presence of subclinically infected cows was further supported by detection of antibodies in the milk of animals that exhibited no clinical signs during the H5N1 outbreak on one farm. Our data highlight additional sources and potential modes of H5N1 transmission on dairy farms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Campbell, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shephard, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulos, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pauly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stenkamp-Strahm, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bushfield, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunter-Binns, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sablon, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bendall, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fitzimmons, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brizuela, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Quirk, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCluskey, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shetty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marr, L. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guthmiller, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abernathy, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lauring, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Melody, B. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lombard, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lakdawala, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.666798</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667987v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Concerted actions of distinct serotonin neurons orchestrate female pup care behavior 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667987v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In many mammalian species, female behavior towards infant conspecifics changes across reproductive stages. Sexually naive females interact minimally or aggressively with infants, whereas the same animals exhibit extensive care behavior, even towards unrelated infants, after parturition1-6. Here, we discovered that two distinct sets of serotonin neurons collectively mediate this dramatic transition in maternal behavior--serotonin neurons projecting to the medial preoptic area (mPOA) promote pup care in mothers, whereas those projecting to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) suppress pup interaction in virgin female mice. Disrupting serotonin synthesis in either of these subpopulations or stimulating either subpopulation is sufficient to toggle pup-directed behavior between that displayed by virgin females and that of lactating mothers. In virgin female mice, the first pup interaction triggers an increase in serotonin release in BNST but a decrease in mPOA. In mothers, serotonin activity becomes greatly elevated in mPOA during pup interactions. Acute interruption of serotonin signaling locally in either mPOA or BNST disrupts the stage-dependent switch in pup care. Together, these results highlight how functionally distinct serotonin subpopulations orchestrate social behaviors appropriate for a given reproductive state, and suggest a circuit logic for how a neuromodulator coordinates adaptive behavioral changes across life stages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xiao, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horvath, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsai, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cardenas, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Biderman, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linderman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dulac, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667987</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Concerted actions of distinct serotonin neurons orchestrate female pup care behavior]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668040v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A tale of three types of internal object representations in the human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.01.668040v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
How do internal brain representations bridge seeing an object and thinking about it after it disappears? Both object knowledge and mental imagery are involved in this process, engaging overlapping perceptual regions, yet whether their neural codes are shared or distinct remains unknown. We compared people with ("visualizers") and without voluntary visual imagery ("aphantasics") using fMRI, to examine experience of imagery sensation, and a multimodal deep neural network model, to examine representational contents (encoding text vs. image). We found distinct types of internal representations: (1) the left lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) encoded visual-structured knowledge linked to imagery sensation; (2) the bilateral fusiform gyrus, left dorsal LOTC, and right inferior frontal gyrus encoded language-structured knowledge independent of imagery sensation; and (3) the left superior parietal lobule maintained visual representation without prior knowledge, also independent of imagery. These findings reveal functionally and computationally distinct neural mechanisms that bridge seeing and thinking of objects, differing in their reliance on knowing and internal experiencing.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.01.668040</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A tale of three types of internal object representations in the human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667633v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-gene knockout of RNLS or HIVEP2 are insufficient to protect β-cell spheroids from allo- and xeno-rejection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.30.667633v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Type 1 diabetes can be cured by {beta}-cell replacement in principle, yet recurrent autoimmunity and transplantation barriers rapidly destroy implanted cells. Genome-wide CRISPR screening by Cai et al. highlighted RNLS and HIVEP2 as candidate genes, but their value outside an autoimmune setting is unknown. Here, it was evaluated whether single-gene knockout of RNLS or HIVEP2 could similarly protect {beta}-cell grafts against allo- and xenogeneic rejection. Murine {beta}-TC-6 and human EndoC-{beta}H1 cell lines were genetically edited using CRISPR-Cas9 to knockout RNLS or HIVEP2, and editing efficiencies were confirmed via T7 endonuclease I assay and TIDE analysis. Functional characterization indicated that RNLS deletion modestly impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in murine cells, whereas HIVEP2 deletion showed no functional alterations in either cell line. For in vivo assessment, genetically edited {beta}-cell spheroids were subcutaneously transplanted into CD-1 mice to model allo- (murine {beta}-cells) and xenogeneic (human {beta}-cells) rejection scenarios. Bioluminescence imaging revealed no protective effects of RNLS or HIVEP2 deletion, with grafts from both knockout groups displaying identical rejection kinetics compared to controls. These findings indicate that single-gene deletions of RNLS or HIVEP2 are insufficient for conferring meaningful protection against allo- or xenorejection, highlighting the necessity for combinatorial genome editing strategies or complementary biomaterial-based immunomodulation to achieve effective and sustained {beta}-cell graft survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Karaoglu, I. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Odabas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>KIZILEL, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.30.667633</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-gene knockout of RNLS or HIVEP2 are insufficient to protect β-cell spheroids from allo- and xeno-rejection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667916v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Tripleknock: predicting lethal effect of three-gene knockout in bacteria by deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.07.31.667916v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Investigating the lethal effect of multi-gene knockout is essential for discovering novel antibiotics targets and metabolic engineering. Unlike single genes or gene pairs, three-gene combinations involve more intricate interactions, making experimental screening time-consuming. Computational methods, particularly Genome-scale metabolic Model (GEM)-based Flux Balance Analysis (FBA), requires constructing new GEMs from experimental data, limiting its use for new species. Moreover, using FBA for three-gene knockout screening could take several years. Therefore, a faster and GEMs-independent approach is needed to facilitate genome-wide three-gene knockout screening. Here, we introduce Tripleknock, for predicting the lethal effects of three-gene knockouts. Tripleknock was trained using whole-genome data from Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, and three-gene knockout simulations using FBA. The model uses a threshold of 90% reduction in cell growth to define lethal effect as the prediction output. Compared to FBA, Tripleknock achieves predictions approximately 20 times faster, reaching an average cross-species F1 score of 0.77 on six pathogenic species within the Enterobacteriaceae family. For closely related species such as pathogenic E. coli and Shigella, Tripleknock reaches F1 scores exceeding 0.83. To our knowledge, Tripleknock is the first end-to-end model for predicting lethal effects of three-gene knockout in bacteria.

Data availabilityTripleknock is publicly available at: https://github.com/Peneapple/Tripleknock
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geng, P. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.07.31.667916</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Tripleknock: predicting lethal effect of three-gene knockout in bacteria by deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668637v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural Correlates of Trial Outcome Monitoring during Long-term Learning in Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668637v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Monitoring behavioral outcomes is crucial for optimizing behavior and learning new tasks. However, how the brain monitors outcome information during long-term learning remains largely unknown. Using two-photon calcium imaging in behaving monkeys, we tracked neuronal activity in area 7a of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), an important associative cortex that has not been typically implicated in associative learning (AL), while the macaque monkeys learned new visual-motor associations over multiple days. We found robust neuronal representation of salient behavioral outcomes (correct vs. incorrect) which closely correlated with the monkeys learning behavior. Furthermore, outcome representation significantly reorganized when monkeys transitioned to learn novel associations, followed by gradual evolution over subsequent learning days, a process constrained by the functional connectivity among neurons within local network. These suggest a substantive role for primate PPC in long-term AL through monitoring trial outcome, and indicate a principle for long-term learning: network connectivity constrains the evolution of neural encodings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668637</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural Correlates of Trial Outcome Monitoring during Long-term Learning in Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chromosomal Fusions and Evolutionary Forces: Exploring theNeo-Sex Chromosome System of Anolis distichus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.05.668756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes differ from autosomes due to their unique pattern of in-heritance and regions of hemizygosity in non-recombining areas. However, the study of sex chromosomes and sex-linked gene evolution has been limited by the rarity of truly novel sex chromosome complements in model systems. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the identification of neo-sex chromosomes, created by the fission or fusion of autosomes with sex chromosomes, providing a new avenue to investigate the dynamics of sex chromosome evolution. Squamate reptiles, particularly Anolis lizards, are an excellent system for studying the consequences of sex-linkage due to their frequent sex chromosome-autosome fusions. The Hispaniolan Bark Anole, Anolis distichus, has experienced two sex chromosome and autosome fusions that led to a multiple sex chromosome system (X1X2Y). We present a high-quality whole-genome assembly and annotation of a male A. distichus (X1X2Y), enabling a detailed analysis of all three of its neo-sex chromosomes. We identify scaffolds associated with X1, X2, and Y chromosomes using an integra-tive approach and estimate degeneration and selection strength. Our results support long-held theories of differential evolutionary pressures in sex chromosomes, such as the Fast X effect and Y degeneration. Additionally, we find that chromosome 12 has become sex-linked independently in two different Anolis species, suggesting that some autosomes may be more likely to become sex-linked. Altogether, our genome adds to the diversity of available taxa sequenced and enables novel comparative analyses in a variety of fields, including speciation, chromosomal synteny, and sex chromosome evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Falvey, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Mello, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taft, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vanerelli, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hime, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alexander, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glor, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geneva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.05.668756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chromosomal Fusions and Evolutionary Forces: Exploring theNeo-Sex Chromosome System of Anolis distichus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.669015v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conditional deletion of human STN1 leads to telomere dysfunction and telomerase-dependent genome instability and proliferation defects 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.669015v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like complex that binds single-stranded DNA, stimulates DNA polymerase -primase, and functions in several genome maintenance pathways, including telomere maintenance and DNA replication/repair. During telomere replication, CST prevents telomerase from overextending the G-rich single-stranded overhang (G-OH) and promotes fill-in of the C-rich strand by stimulating DNA polymerase -primase. Previous work characterized the effects of CST loss by deleting CTC1 or TEN1. Interestingly, CTC1 knockout (KO) caused severe proliferation defects and telomeric damage signaling, whereas these phenotypes were absent following TEN1 KO. Molecular analysis revealed that, while loss of CTC1 or TEN1 leads to defective C-strand fill-in, only CTC1 KO exhibited excessive G-OH lengthening. Here, we characterized conditional STN1 KO cells and determined that STN1 KO leads to proliferation defects and telomeric damage signaling. Moreover, STN1 KO caused genome instability in the form of anaphase bridges and micronuclei. Interestingly, these phenotypes and growth inhibition were largely dependent on telomerase activity. Our findings indicate that STN1 KO closely resembles CTC1 versus TEN1 KO and that excessive G-OH extension underlies the genome instability caused by STN1 deletion.

SUMMARY STATEMENTThe STN1 subunit of the single-stranded DNA binding protein CST prevents telomeric damage signaling, genome instability, and proliferation defects by limiting telomerase activity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Holbrooks, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loveless, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reed, S. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duvall, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Romney, C. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kircher, M. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stewart, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.669015</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conditional deletion of human STN1 leads to telomere dysfunction and telomerase-dependent genome instability and proliferation defects]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Robust CRISPR Screens Identify TPL1 as a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Driving Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Hallmarks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.06.668327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite the growing catalog of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the functional roles of their vast majority in cancer remain poorly defined. To systematically explore lncRNA dependencies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we compiled a comprehensive annotation by merging GENCODE, BIGTranscriptome, and MiTranscriptome databases and performed a CRISPR-Cas9 deletion screen targeting 1,029 TNBC-enriched lncRNAs. The screen revealed several essential lncRNAs and those modulating doxorubicin sensitivity, with TPL1 emerging among top hits. TPL1 silencing significantly impaired TNBC cell proliferation in both 2D and 3D cultures and reduced invasive capacity in an organ-on-chip model. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling following TPL1 knockdown revealed downregulation of genes involved in ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell migration, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Mechanistically, TPL1 directly interacted with key proteins including EIF4B, MDM2, TARBP2, TLE5, and GTPase RAN, suggesting TPL1 could regulate RNA processing, transcriptional repression, and translation, as well as modulate GTPase signaling pathways. Additionally, TPL1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), sequestering miR-10396b-5p, miR-486-3p, and miR-450a-2-3p, among others, thereby modulating expression of pro-tumorigenic targets. Clinically, TPL1 was significantly overexpressed in TNBC tissues, particularly in the BLIS subtype. Collectively, our findings highlight TPL1 as a key regulator of TNBC molecular networks and a promising therapeutic target.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Elango, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramnarayanan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozer, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uroda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pulido-Quetglas, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmidt, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouararhni, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Haj Zen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alajez, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.06.668327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Robust CRISPR Screens Identify TPL1 as a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Driving Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Hallmarks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.669186v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Drive, suppression, and escape from suppression of a selfish chromosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.07.669186v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meiotic drivers are selfish chromosomes that are predicted to spark a rapid intragenomic arms-race with their suppressors. However, the long-term persistence of unsuppressed selfish chromosomes in natural populations violates these theoretical expectations. The Drosophila pseudoobscura Sex-Ratio (SR) chromosome exemplifies this problem, sometimes referred to as the "ancient gene drive paradox". Here, we reconstruct the evolutionary history of this SR chromosome and show that its genetic architecture and complexity has been shaped by a history of drive, suppression, and escape from suppression. Our results indicate that the current lack of resistance to the SR chromosome represents a transient condition awaiting the emergence of new suppressors.

SIGNIFICANCEIntragenomic arms races triggered by selfish chromosomes are expected to drive rapid evolution through cycles of drive, suppression, and escape from suppression. Despite these expectations, some selfish chromosomes such as the D. pseudoobscura Sex-Ratio (SR) chromosome exist unsuppressed for extended periods of time. Despite the absence of suppression, we uncover currently segregating suppressors against the ancestral version and evidence of recent dynamic evolution on the SR chromosome. Todays SR chromosome thus represents a transient state in a surprisingly slow arms race. Taken together, the lack of suppressors against this selfish chromosome can be explained by mutational limits for the emergence of suppressors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ridges, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bladen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Phadnis, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.669186</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Drive, suppression, and escape from suppression of a selfish chromosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669391v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Structural Modeling of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in a Human HDAC2 Chromatin Remodeling Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.08.669391v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play pivotal roles in cellular signaling, molecular recognition, and the regulation of various biological processes. These flexible and conformationally dynamic protein segments are difficult to study using structural analysis methods and computational approaches including AlphaFold. Therefore a critical challenge arises when attempting to understand the structural basis of protein-protein interactions involving IDRs. Here we demonstrate that the poorly characterized C16orf87 protein, which we rename as MHAP1, forms a stable complex with HDAC2 and MIER1. These three proteins all contain IDRs whose structure is unknown. We implemented an integrative approach combining experimental crosslinking data with computational modeling techniques (I-TASSER, HADDOCK, AlphaFold) to probe the IDR-driven assembly of the HDAC1:MIER2:MHAP1 complex and build an integrative structural model of this complex. The C-terminal domain of HDAC2, a poorly characterized IDR, promotes interactions between the ELM2 domain of MIER1 as well as the N- and C-termini of MHAP1. These results contrast with most current literature, including the results from AlphaFold alone that are missing structural information on HDAC C-domain. The approach herein can be generalized to study other complexes, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches in determining the 3D structures of IDR/IDP-driven complexes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.08.669391</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Structural Modeling of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in a Human HDAC2 Chromatin Remodeling Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669456v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Complement C3 recognition by C3 convertases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669456v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complement system plays a fundamental role in human immunity, and its dysregulation is implicated in numerous diseases. Activation of the complement occurs through three main pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative; which converge at the central component, C3. The classical and lectin pathways utilize the C4b2a convertase to cleave C3 and initiate complement activation, while the alternative pathway employs the C3bBb convertase, which is further stabilized by properdin. The molecular mechanisms governing C3 recognition by these convertase complexes remain incompletely understood. Here, we first present a 3.1 [A] cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the C4b2a-C3 complex, alongside the 2.9 [A] and 3.1 [A] structures of the C4b2 zymogen in the loading and activation states. These structural snapshots elucidate the structural basis for C3 engagement by C4b2a, and illustrate sequential conformational changes during the classical/lectin pathway convertase maturation. Furthermore, we determine a 2.6 [A] cryo-EM structure of the C3bBb-properdin-C3 complex, which uncovers unique substrate-binding features of C3bBb and sheds light on how properdin stabilizes the alternative pathway convertase. These results offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into complement activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Changhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiaoke, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Minghui, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ying, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.669456</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Complement C3 recognition by C3 convertases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669469v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RESM: Capturing sequence and structure encoding of RNAs by mapped transfer learning from ESM (evolutionary scale modeling) protein language model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669469v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
RNA sequences exhibit lower evolutionary conservation than proteins due to their informationally constrained four-letter alphabet, compared to the 20-letter code of proteins. More limited information makes unsupervised learning of structural and functional evolutionary patterns more challenging from single RNA sequences. We overcame this limitation by mapping RNA sequences to pseudo-protein sequences to allow effective transfer training from a protein language model (protein Evolution-Scale Model 2, protESM-2). The resulting RNA ESM (RESM) outperforms 12 existing RNA language models in zero-shot prediction, not only in sequence classification but also in RNA secondary structure and RNA-RNA interaction prediction. Further supervised fine-tuning demonstrates RESMs generalizability and superior performance over the existing models compared across multiple downstream tasks, including mRNA ribosome loading efficiency and gene expression prediction, despite RESM being trained exclusively on noncoding RNAs. Moreover, RESM can generalize to unseen sequences beyond its 1,024-nucleotide training limit, achieving 81.3% improvement over state-of-the-art methods in supervised secondary structure prediction for RNAs up to 4,000 nucleotides, limited only by the available GPU memory, while providing >1000-fold speedup compared to MSA-based approaches. RESM provides a robust foundation for deciphering RNA sequence-structure-function relationships, with broad implications for RNA biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, G.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.669469</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RESM: Capturing sequence and structure encoding of RNAs by mapped transfer learning from ESM (evolutionary scale modeling) protein language model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Glycemia Shift Pancreatic Islets Rhythmicity via δ-α Cell in vivo, Impairment in Diabetes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.09.669458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Blood glucose homeostasis relies on the well-coordinated rhythmic activity of millions of islets throughout the pancreas. Islet rhythmicity is triggered by glucose elevation and mediated by paracrine interactions. However, the dynamics of islet population rhythmicity in healthy and diabetic pancreases in vivo remain poorly understood. Using simultaneous multi-islet Ca2+ imaging (20-100 islets per experiment) in both live mice and pancreatic tissue slices, we systematically studied how glycemia fluctuations and intra-islet paracrine signaling collectively shape the islet rhythmicity. In this study, we report that a transition from Hyperglycemia to Euglycemia induces a coordinated shift from slow to fast islet Ca2+ oscillations (HESF) in vivo. HESF is conserved in pancreatic tissue slices and isolated islets, however, not dispersed single cells in vitro, suggesting a mechanistic link with paracrine interactions. We found HESF arises from -cell activation, which is inhibited by {delta} cells upon glucose elevation. The autonomous islets mostly differ in phase and period at high glucose level. Diabetic mice with disrupted glycemic stability lost HESF both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, HESF is preserved in {beta}-cell knockout Gcgr transgenetic mice, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting HESFs dependence on Glp1r. Indeed, HESF was restored in semaglutide-treated diabetic mice with stabilized glycemic stability. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of how {delta} and  cells influence islet rhythmicity and precisely maintain the stability of blood glucose.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hui, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.09.669458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Glycemia Shift Pancreatic Islets Rhythmicity via δ-α Cell in vivo, Impairment in Diabetes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669800v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A unified derivative-like dopaminergic computation across valences 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.11.669800v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dopamine activity in the brain affects decision-making and adaptive behaviors. A wealth of studies indicate that dopamine activity encodes discrepancy between actual and predicted reward, leading to the reward prediction error (RPE) hypothesis. Specifically, it has been claimed that mesolimbic dopamine activity conforms to temporal-difference reward prediction error (TD RPE), a teaching signal in machine learning algorithms. Recently, there is growing evidence suggesting that dopamine is also involved in learning during aversive situations. However, the fundamental computation of dopamine activity in aversive situations is still unknown. A plausible but untested hypothesis is that dopamine activity in aversive situations also encodes TD RPE. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using mice in virtual reality. Mice were trained to avoid electrical tail shocks by running out of a virtual shock zone. Using probe conditions with speed manipulation or teleportation, we revealed that the dopamine signal in the ventral striatum follows the temporal derivative form of a value function. Delivering a reward at the end of the track enabled us to observe the integration of aversion and reward in a derivative form. Moreover, the value functions unbiasedly estimated from the recorded signal is consistent with the initial hypothetical form, with a realistic reflection of a received shock distribution. Taken together, our results show that mesolimbic dopamine activity can operate as a unified teaching signal in natural situations with positive and negative valences.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.11.669800</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A unified derivative-like dopaminergic computation across valences]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670206v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lipid Bilayer Membranes with Asymmetrically Distributed LPC and DAG 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670206v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The complex chemical and biophysical characteristics of biomembranes are influenced by the asymmetric distribution of specific lipids. In vitro, the introduction of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) into one leaflet of lipid bilayers is frequently utilized to regulate membrane protein activity. In vivo, the conversion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to diacylglycerol (DAG) in one leaflet can also modulate membrane protein activities. However, the effects of such variations in lipid composition, lipid quantity, and particularly the asymmetry of lipid distribution on the properties and morphology of biomembranes remain to be fully elucidated. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the asymmetric distribution of LPC and the asymmetric conversion of PIP2 induce asymmetric alterations in membrane structures and lipid dynamics. Such alterations can generate an imbalance in the lateral pressure distribution between the two leaflets, potentially leading to membrane curvature. The extent of membrane curvature is also influenced by the length and degree of unsaturation of the lipid acyl tail chain. Our findings underscore the critical role of lipid asymmetry in shaping biomembrane structure and dynamics, providing new insights into the regulation of membrane proteins and cellular functions mediated by these specific lipids.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.670206</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lipid Bilayer Membranes with Asymmetrically Distributed LPC and DAG]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.15.670450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PXDesign: Fast, Modular, and Accurate De Novo Design of Protein Binders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.15.670450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
PXDesign achieves nanomolar binder hit rates of 17-82% across six of seven diverse protein targets, surpassing prior methods such as AlphaProteo. This experimental success rate is enabled by advances in both binder generation and filtering. We develop both a diffusion-based generative model (PXDesign-d) and a hallucination-based approach (PXDesign-h), each showing strong in silico performance that outperforms existing models. Beyond generation, we systematically analyze confidence-based filtering and ranking strategies from multiple structure predictors, comparing their accuracy, efficiency, and complementarity on datasets spanning de novo binders and mutagenesis. Finally, we validate the full design process experimentally, achieving high hit rates and multiple nanomolar binders.

To support future research and broaden community adoption, we release the full PXDesign pipeline (https://github.com/bytedance/PXDesign), provide public access to PXDesign through a dedicated web server (https://protenix-server.com), and make all designed binder sequences available at the project page (https://protenix.github.io/pxdesign).

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=75 SRC="FIGDIR/small/670450v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (25K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@2a414aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@248f85org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4a6afdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1b622dd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ren, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.15.670450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PXDesign: Fast, Modular, and Accurate De Novo Design of Protein Binders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670196v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Developmental benzopyrene exposure alters stress hormones, neurotransmitters and behavioral responses of mice dependent on Cyp1 genotype 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.13.670196v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) produced during combustion processes and when grilling foods. Epidemiological studies indicate exposure to PAHs during pregnancy lead to learning and memory deficits as well as behavioral problems that persist into adolescence. Studies in rodents and zebrafish have frequently reported anxiolytic effects of BaP exposure in adult animals and in developmental studies. We conducted sequential experiments of Cyp1a1(-/-) and Cyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice compared with wild type C57BL/6J mice to determine if genotype changes the response to developmental BaP exposure. We treated pregnant dams from gestational day 10 to postnatal day 25 (P25) with BaP in corn oil-soaked cereal or the corn oil vehicle and tested one male and one female offspring beginning at P60. We found increased exploratory behavior in the elevated zero maze for Cyp1a1(-/-) knockout mice, but no significant differences in Cyp1b1(-/-) knockouts. In contrast, Cyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice buried fewer marbles in a second test of anxiety-like behavior. There were no significant differences when Cyp1a1(-/-) knockout mice were tested. BaP decreased immobility time in Cyp1a1(-/-) knockouts in the forced swim test, but increased immobility time in wild type and Cyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice. We measured plasma corticosterone levels at baseline and following the forced swim test and monoamine neurotransmitters at the end of behavioral testing. BaP treatment increased corticosterone in wild type mice, but decreased it in Cyp1a1(-/-) knockout mice. Both BaP-exposed and corn oil control Cyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice had higher corticosterone levels compared with wild type mice. Dopamine and serotonin signaling were altered in the hypothalamus dependent on genotype, treatment and sex. Together, these data suggest that both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 have a normal role in brain functioning or development, and that CYP1 genotype alters the response to developmental BaP exposure in behavioral and biochemical tests related to stress, anxiety and depression.

HighlightsO_LIBaP-exposed Cyp1a1(-/-) mice had lower corticosterone and decreased immobility in the forced swim test
C_LIO_LIBaP exposure increased FST immobility in wild type and Cyp1b1(-/-) mice
C_LIO_LICyp1a1(-/-) and Cyp1b1(-/-) knockout mice showed less anxiety-like behavior
C_LIO_LIDevelopmental BaP exposure altered corticosterone levels dependent on Cyp1 genotype
C_LIO_LIGenotype, treatment and sex all impacted neurotransmitter levels in the hypothalamus
C_LIO_LIGenetic differences in CYP enzymes altered susceptibility to developmental BaP exposure
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Perry, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easybuck, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feltner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kowalski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Honaker, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clough, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Easton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berling, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>White, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wypasek, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Curran, C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.670196</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Developmental benzopyrene exposure alters stress hormones, neurotransmitters and behavioral responses of mice dependent on Cyp1 genotype]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670316v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic Reproductive Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Anolis Lizards 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.14.670316v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The evolution of reproductive isolation lies at the core of our modern concept of species. Despite this central importance, study of the evolution of reproductive isolation is largely limited to a set of laboratory amenable species. When shallowly divergent populations are associated with different habitats, extrinsic isolation is often assumed to play a major role. Because this type of isolation is environmentally mediated it can be ephemeral, for instance, if habitats change in response to climate. In contrast, intrinsic isolation is heritable and therefore loss of this type of isolation requires genetic changes in one or both populations. We performed a hybridization and backcross experiment to test for and characterize intrinsic reproductive isolation between two recently diverged, ecologically differentiated populations of Anolis lizards. We find evidence of substantial intrinsic isolation that appears to operate at the postmating, prezygotic phase. Our findings suggest that intrinsic isolation may play a substantial role in the maintenance of shallow, yet ecologically divergent, lineages.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Geneva, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Glor, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.14.670316</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic Reproductive Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Anolis Lizards]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670787v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The growth and pathogenesis of Citrobacter rodentium is compromised by disrupted mucin sugar pathways that accumulate N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670787v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Many enteric bacterial pathogens, including the attaching/effacing (A/E) Escherichia coli strains, cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Considering the highly competitive nature of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, these pathogens must rely on specific metabolic adaptations to establish successful infections. We hypothesized that A/E pathogens exploit host-derived nutrients within GI mucus, including the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to fuel their pathogenesis. Using Citrobacter rodentium, a murine-specific A/E pathogen, we disrupted both GlcNAc and NeuNAc catabolism by deleting nagA, which encodes the GlcNAc-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6P) deacetylase that converts GlcNAc-6P into glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6P). The {Delta}nagA mutant displayed dramatically impaired colonization in C57BL/6J mice and accumulated significant levels of GlcNAc-6P, unlike the {Delta}mana strain, a mutant lacking all GlcNAc and NeuNAc transporters, suggesting that the attenuation was due to sugar-phosphate stress rather than nutrient deprivation alone. Supplementation with glucosamine (GlcN) restored growth, indicating that dysregulated GlcN-6P synthesis, rather than GlcNAc-6P toxicity, underlies the defect. Furthermore, {Delta}nagA exhibited increased susceptibility to several cell wall-dependent stress conditions, in concert with compromised peptidoglycan biosynthesis due to reduced UDP-GlcNAc synthesis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized metabolic vulnerability in C. rodentium and suggest that targeting sugar-phosphate stress responses may provide a new therapeutic strategy against GI bacterial pathogens.

ImportanceEnteric pathogens like Citrobacter rodentium can exploit sugars, including N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid, derived from intestinal mucus to grow and infect their hosts. This study shows that disruption of mucin-derived sugar catabolism impairs the fitness of C. rodentium in infecting the murine intestine by causing the accumulation of a toxic intermediate of mucin sugar metabolism. Rather than impaired nutrient acquisition, the bacteria are impaired due to the buildup of N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate, which depletes substrates for peptidoglycan synthesis. This metabolic bottleneck weakens the bacterial cell wall, making the pathogen more sensitive to environmental stress. These findings identify a conserved metabolic stress response that could be targeted to combat enteric pathogen infections.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mslati, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crowley, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dyer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vallance, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670787</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The growth and pathogenesis of Citrobacter rodentium is compromised by disrupted mucin sugar pathways that accumulate N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670855v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphate limitation triggers Fe3+-dependent polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.18.670855v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Phosphate (Pi) scarcity, a pervasive stressor prevalent in bacterial infections and dysbiotic host environments, potently drives antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against cationic antibiotics like polymyxins across diverse bacterial taxa. While established Pi depletion-induced AMR mechanisms often involve membrane phospholipid remodelling, Enterobacteriaceae largely lack these pathways, leaving their Pi scarcity-driven AMR mechanism unresolved. Here, we reveal that Pi limitation robustly induces polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae through 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) modification of the Gram-negative outer membrane component lipid A, reflecting a distinct adaptive strategy. This modification is driven by strong ugd-arn operon induction, mediated by the PmrAB two-component system. We discover that Pi depletion triggers cellular Mg{superscript 2} release, prompting compensatory Fe3 mobilization to the cell envelope that directly activates PmrAB. Crucially, this metal-dependent signaling axis offers a directly targetable mechanism for reversing polymyxin resistance, a significant deviation from the less accessible, PhoBR-regulated phospholipid remodelling strategies in other bacteria. We demonstrate that Mg{superscript 2} supplementation or Fe3 chelation effectively suppresses PmrAB activation and restores polymyxin susceptibility, thereby establishing a novel, metal-centric paradigm for understanding and pharmacological intervention in stress-induced AMR.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>ZHANG, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>JIANG, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WANG, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.18.670855</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphate limitation triggers Fe3+-dependent polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670526v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The effects of thermal deterioration on the life history traits of Daphnia magna 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.16.670526v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Global warming often pushes species toward their physiological limits, yet the pace of change may be as important as the absolute temperature reached. Most experiments rely on abrupt shifts, leaving the demographic and evolutionary consequences of gradual warming poorly understood. We conducted a 30-generation experiment with clonal populations of Daphnia magna maintained either under constant temperature (26 {degrees}C) or gradual warming (+1 {degrees}C every 4-6 generations, up to 32 {degrees}C). We measured fecundity, growth rate, age at maturation, body size, and lifespan across generations, and used a reciprocal transplant assay to disentangle genetic and plastic responses.

Warming populations matured earlier, grew faster, and initially reproduced more than controls, but suffered shorter lifespans and lost their reproductive advantage near 30 {degrees}C, a sub-lethal ceiling that coincided with extinction events. This rate-dependent trajectory contrasts with one-step warming studies that typically report uniformly reduced reproduction. Reciprocal transplants revealed a persistent reduction in adult body size of warming-line offspring, regardless of rearing environment, consistent with heritable or trans-generational change, while growth rate remained largely plastic. Together, these results show that gradual warming can simultaneously elicit plastic and heritable trait shifts, and that reproductive ceilings well below lethal limits act as tipping points for population persistence.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Petkovic, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unlu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saglam, I. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.16.670526</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The effects of thermal deterioration on the life history traits of Daphnia magna]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAVABEAN and FALAPhyl: Open-Source Pipelines for Scalable 16s rRNA Microbiome Data Processing and Visualization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.19.670115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reproducible and scalable analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data remains a persistent challenge in microbiome research due to the complexity of available tools, incompatibilities between platforms, and the need for extensive bioinformatics expertise. We developed two containerized workflows--FAVABEAN (Fast Amplicon Variant Annotation, Binning, Error-correction And ANalysis) and FALAPhyl (Forays into Automating Laborious Analyses of Phylogeny)--to address these challenges. FAVABEAN and FALAPhyl are Snakemake-based pipelines designed for flexible execution across local, cluster, and cloud environments. FAVABEAN automates preprocessing, ASV inference, and taxonomic assignment using DADA2 and FIGARO, including primer averaging when samples are sequenced with multiple primers. FALAPhyl supports downstream analysis including alpha/beta diversity, network analysis, and differential abundance testing, with integrated provenance tracking. We validated both pipelines using three case studies involving oral microbiome datasets. In Case Study 1, we compared oral microbiota across family members and niches, showing primer-dependent variability in ASV-based similarity and minimal reseeding from familial sources after prophylaxis. Case Study 2 analyzed dental aerosol samples, revealing no significant microbial differences between pre-, intra-, and post-procedure air. Case Study 3, a randomized trial of a nitrate mouthrinse, demonstrated no significant microbiome shifts, highlighting oral microbial stability. FALAPhyls integration of DAtest enabled empirical evaluation of multiple statistical tests, aiding robust differential abundance inference. FAVABEAN and FALAPhyl offer a reproducible, automated solution for 16S rRNA amplicon data analysis. Their modular design, containerization, and provenance tracking enhance accessibility and scientific rigor in microbiome research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Faridoun, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carvalho, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibb, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jain, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Redmond, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Malik, M. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haider, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rekhi, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhagirath, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rock, L. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altabtbaei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.19.670115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAVABEAN and FALAPhyl: Open-Source Pipelines for Scalable 16s rRNA Microbiome Data Processing and Visualization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multigram-scale stereoselective synthesis of neurosteroid isomers by gut microbial isolates using plant biomass-derived medium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurosteroids are vital therapeutics for mood disorders, with FDA-approved allopregnanolone (Zulresso) for postpartum depression and zuranolone for major depressive disorder representing breakthrough treatments. However, current production methods rely on costly animal-derived sources or non-stereoselective chemical synthesis that require extensive chiral purification steps. Here, we present a sustainable microbial platform utilizing gut bacteria and a completely plant-based medium for stereoselective neurosteroid biosynthesis. Through bioinformatics- and structural biology-guided screening of more than 3000 bacterial isolates, we identified three anaerobic gut strains exhibiting distinct stereospecificities: Holdemania filiformis produces isopregnanolone (3{beta}-hydroxy-5-pregnan-20-one), Clostridium innocuum generates epipregnanolone (3{beta}-hydroxy-5{beta}-pregnan-20-one), and Hungatella effluvii synthesizes pregnanolone (3-hydroxy-5{beta}-pregnan-20-one). We developed Molasses-Okara Medium (MOM), a fully plant-derived composite medium combining sugarcane molasses with enzymatically hydrolyzed okara devoid of animal-derived components. In multigram batch whole-cell biotransformation trials using MOM, we achieved >95% progesterone conversion into target neurosteroid isomers. The inherent stereoselectivity of these whole-cell biotransformations bypasses downstream chiral chromatographic separation, enabling pharmaceutical-grade product recovery through a simple open-column purification. Compared to using peptone-yeast-glucose media for whole-cell biotransformation, MOM reduced production costs by 90% and carbon footprint by 95% that embodies sustainable bioeconomy principles in pharmaceutical biotechnology.

Technology Readiness BoxWe argue that this gut microbiota-derived neurosteroid bioproduction technology has reached a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 4, having been validated in laboratory environments with the demonstrated multigram-scale synthesis of high-purity neurosteroids. The platform integrates stereoselective bacterial isolates (Holdemania filiformis, Clostridium innocuum, and Hungatella effluvii) with a sustainable plant-based fermentation medium (molasses-okara medium), achieving >90% progesterone conversion efficiency, >99.9% stereochemical purity, and the successful production of 0.7-0.9 g of neurosteroids per gram of progesterone across multiple 1 L fed-batch fermentations. Compared with conventional chemical synthesis approaches that require expensive chiral catalysts and multi-step purification, this microbial platform offers inherent stereoselectivity while eliminating animal-derived media components. Despite these advantages, several challenges remain for industrial implementation, including scale-up validation beyond laboratory conditions, optimization of anaerobic bioprocess control at pilot scale, and ensuring consistent performance under variable industrial feedstock conditions. Addressing these issues will require pilot-scale demonstration (10-50 L bioreactors), process robustness validation, and supply chain development for plant-based feedstocks. Regulatory pathway development will also be essential for pharmaceutical applications, particularly establishing precedents for gut microbiota-derived therapeutic compounds under existing cGMP frameworks

HighlightsO_LIIdentification of gut bacteria for stereoselective synthesis of neurosteroid isomers (isopregnanolone, epipregnanolone, pregnanolone) with >99% chiral purity
C_LIO_LISustainable plant biomass-based medium replacing animal-derived components for whole-cell progesterone biotransformation
C_LIO_LIMulti-gram scale production of progestogenic neurosteroids and one-step-open-column purification bypassing chiral chromatographic separation
C_LI

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=108 SRC="FIGDIR/small/671209v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gicana, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, P.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandon-Mong, G.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yeo, W. W. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, I.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiang, Y.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multigram-scale stereoselective synthesis of neurosteroid isomers by gut microbial isolates using plant biomass-derived medium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-throughput 3D super-resolution ultrasound imaging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.20.671215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Capturing fast hemodynamics in deep organs is essential for understanding microvascular regulation of organ responses to physiological demands and pathological stress. However, non-invasive three-dimensional (3D) imaging of these microscale processes remains challenging due to trade-offs between spatial resolution, imaging speed, and penetration depth. Here, we present fluctuation-based high-order super-resolution acoustic microscope (FLAME), a tracking-free 3D ultrasound imaging technology capable of fast microvascular angiography and flow measurement. Using as few as 30 volumes, FLAME improves 3D ultrasound resolution by 8-fold ([~]50 m) and shortens data acquisition time by over two orders of magnitude, from tens of seconds to tens of milliseconds, compared with conventional tracking-based super-resolution approaches1-6. This high-throughput capability supports high-fidelity imaging of tissue functions under flexible experimental settings. FLAME achieves an unprecedented 3D super-resolution frame rate of [~]40 Hz, capturing transient hemodynamic responses to various physiological and pathological stimuli in different mouse organs, from the microvascular level to the whole-body scale. With open-sourced implementation, FLAME provides an accessible platform for real-time, in-depth hemodynamic monitoring across diverse biomedical applications and clinical translation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gui, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ta, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.20.671215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-throughput 3D super-resolution ultrasound imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672082v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Capturing trophectoderm-like stem cells enables step-wisely remodeling of placental development 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672082v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The trophectoderm produced from totipotent blastomeres initiates trophoblast development, while placental deficiencies can cause pregnancy disorders. Yet, a culture system that fully recapitulates the entire placenta development is still lacking, greatly limiting related studies. Here, we captured mouse trophectoderm-like stem cells (TELSCs), which can give rise to all trophoblast lineages and be applied to generate trophoblast organoids. We achieved the induction and maintenance of TELSCs from totipotent blastomere-like stem cells or early embryos through a Hippo-YAP/Notch-to-TGF{beta}1 signaling switch. At the molecular level, TELSCs resemble E4.5 trophectoderm and are distinct from all previously known trophoblast-like stem cells. Functionally, TELSCs can generate all trophoblast lineages in both teratoma and chimera assays. We further applied TELSCs to generate trophoblast organoids containing various mature trophoblasts and a self-renewing extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE)-like progenitor population. Interestingly, we observed transiently formed rosette-like structures that rely on Itgb1, which are essential to induce ExE-like progenitors and to generate organoids eventually. Thus, the capture of TELSCs enables comprehensive insights into placental development.

HighlightsO_LITELSCs were robustly induced and long-term maintained from TBLCs and early embryos using a newly developed Hippo-YAP/Notch-to-TGF{beta}1 signaling switch strategy
C_LIO_LITELSCs resemble E4.5 trophectoderm at the molecular level and generate all trophoblast lineages both in vivo and in vitro functionally
C_LIO_LITELSCs can be applied to generate trophoblast organoids containing multiple mature subtypes and a self-renewing ExE-like population
C_LIO_LIRosette structure formation that relies on Itgb1 is critical to induce ExE-like progenitors and to eventually form trophoblast organoids
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672082</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Capturing trophectoderm-like stem cells enables step-wisely remodeling of placental development]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.671920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A global map of wood density 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.671920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wood density influences how quickly woody plants grow, how long they live and how much carbon they store, yet its global variation remains poorly mapped. Here we combined 109,626 wood density measurements from 16,829 species with 300,949 vegetation plots to produce a km-scale map of community-weighted wood density for every woody biome. Our model led to a prediction accuracy 32-51 % higher than previous global products, and a 1.8-3.7-fold wider wood density range (0.28-1.00 g cm-3; global mean: 0.57 g cm-3) than previously assumed. Spatial cross-validation showed low bias ({+/-}2.5 % of the mean), and uncertainties decreased from 20% in poorly sampled drylands and boreal regions to 5% in data-rich temperate forests. Mean annual temperature was the best predictor of community-weighted mean wood density, increasing by 0.01 g cm-3 for every 1{degrees}C change. We deliver a low-bias, high-resolution wood density layer for Earth system models, together with spatially explicit error maps. This study represents a major step forward for carbon accounting and trait-based forecasts of vegetation change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fischer, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chave, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zanne, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jucker, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fajardo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fayolle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Lima, R. A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vieilledent, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beeckman, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hubau, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>De Mil, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallenus, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aldana, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alvarez-Davila, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alves, L. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Apgaua, D. M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arcanjo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bastin, J.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bilous, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Birnbaum, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blyshchyk, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Borah, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boukili, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camarero, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Casas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazzolla Gatti, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, J. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chimbioputo Fabiano, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choat, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cifuentes, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Conti, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coomes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cornwell, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dar, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dobler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dougabka, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Edwards, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eggli, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Falster, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fearnside, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.671920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A global map of wood density]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672225v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pirfenidone treatment attenuates fibrosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.25.672225v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a leading genetic cause of kidney failure, marked by progressive cyst expansion, inflammation and fibrosis. Renal fibrosis, characterized by myofibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a central driver of disease progression in ADPKD, yet targeted anti-fibrotic therapies remain limited. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of pirfenidone to suppress fibrosis and disease progression in ADPKD. To define the ECM in human ADPKD kidneys, we analyzed snRNA-seq data and found that fibroblasts are the principal source of fibrous and adhesive ECM in ADPKD kidneys, exhibiting higher ECM gene expression than normal controls. In vitro, primary culture human ADPKD renal myofibroblasts showed a similar profibrotic gene expression profile, and pirfenidone treatment suppressed ECM gene expression, cell proliferation, migration and contractility. In the Pkd1RC/RC mouse model of ADPKD, pirfenidone treatment significantly reduced renal fibrosis, myofibroblast accumulation, ECM deposition, pro-fibrotic gene expression and associated cell signaling pathways. Pirfenidone also decreased kidney-to-body weight ratio and improved kidney function in Pkd1RC/RC mice, without altering cyst burden. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that pirfenidone attenuates renal fibrosis and improves kidney function in ADPKD by targeting myofibroblast activation and ECM production, supporting a complementary therapeutic approach to cyst-directed therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Remadevi, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jamadar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varghese, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.672225</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pirfenidone treatment attenuates fibrosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672514v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroprotective Effects of Nigella sativa Extract in a Rat model of Propionic Acid-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.26.672514v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristics of impairments in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Current pharmacological interventions often focus on alleviating symptoms, but they rarely address the underlying neurobiological disruptions or have sustained therapeutic effects.

AimsThe present study explores the therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa (black cumin) extract in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced wistar rat model of ASD.

MethodsForty male Wistar rats (n = 10 per group) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, including control, PPA, N. sativa Low-Dose (NSL), and N. sativa High-Dose (NSH). The control group received daily intravenous (i.v.) injections (1 mL/kg) of saline (0.9% NaCl) over five days. The PPA group received daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 250 mg/Kg PPA for five days to induce ASD-like behaviors. NSL and NSH groups received N. sativa extract (10 mg/Kg and 50 mg/Kg, respectively) orally for 28 days, starting 7 days before PPA administration. Behavioral assessments, including social interaction, stereotypic behaviors, and anxiety, were conducted on day 28. Then, biochemical analyses (i.e., oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, neurotransmitter levels, caspase-3 expression, and histopathology) were performed.

ResultsThe PPA group showed significantly (p < 0.05) reduced social interaction and increased stereotypic behaviors and heightened anxiety-like responses, indicative of ASD-like symptoms. Treatment with N. sativa resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in social behaviors, a reduction in stereotypic behaviors, and a decrease in anxiety-like responses. Biochemical analysis revealed that N. sativa treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oxidative stress, evidenced by lower MDA levels, higher GSH, and restored SOD activity. In both NSL and NSH groups, it was observed that (i) inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF- and IL-1{beta}) were significantly (p < 0.05), (ii) neurotransmitter levels (i.e., dopamine and serotonin) were normalized, (iii) caspase-3 expression was significantly reduced, leading to a reduction in neuronal apoptosis-induced cell death, and (iv) histopathological analysis revealed reduced neuronal damages and a glial activation.

ConclusionsN. sativa extract appears highly effective in ameliorating ASD behavioral and biochemical pathology abnormalities associated with ASD in a PPA-rat model. These results underscore the role of N. sativa for the treatment of ASD, including as possible adjunctive therapeutic option for this challenging neurodevelopmental disorder, though further research studies are necessary, including to determine the key phytochemical(s) involved in such beneficial effects.

HighlightsO_LIHigh-dose Nigella sativa (NSH) acted as a potent brain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent;
C_LIO_LINSH restored neurotransmitter balance by normalizing dopamine and serotonin levels;
C_LIO_LINSH significantly reduced propionic acid (PPA)-induced neuronal apoptosis and caspase-3 expression;
C_LIO_LINSH minimized neuronal damages and preserved brain tissue structure;
C_LIO_LINSH improved core ASD-like behaviors, including social deficits and stereotypy.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Alshahrani, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kadasah, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Menaa, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.26.672514</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroprotective Effects of Nigella sativa Extract in a Rat model of Propionic Acid-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Nucleosome unwrapping and PARP1 allostery drive affinities for chromatin and DNA breaks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) detects DNA strand breaks that occur in duplex DNA and chromatin. We employed correlative optical tweezers and fluorescence microscopy to quantify how single molecules of PARP1 identify single-strand breaks (i.e., nicks), undamaged nucleosome core particles (NCP) and NCPs containing DNA nicks. Fluorescently-tagged PARP1 or PARP2 from nuclear extracts bound nicks with nanomolar affinity but did not engage undamaged dsDNA regions. In contrast, PARP1 avidly bound undamaged NCPs, and partial NCP unwrapping induced by DNA tension significantly increased the on rate and affinity. Catalytically dead PARP1 or EB-47 inhibition greatly increased PARP1 affinity to DNA nicks and undamaged NCP, implicating a mechanism where PARP1 reverse allostery regulates PARP1 retention to undamaged chromatin. We also monitored ADP-ribosylation in real time upon PARP1 binding undamaged or nicked NCPs. These results provide key mechanistic insights into domain allostery and how pharmacological intervention alters PARP1 binding dynamics for therapeutic impacts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Schaich, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rakowski, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roginskaya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leary, L. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Berg, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwasa, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Houten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Nucleosome unwrapping and PARP1 allostery drive affinities for chromatin and DNA breaks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673140v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Regulatory Role for Tumor Suppressor REST on Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Expression and Leiomyoma Pathophysiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.673140v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uterine fibroids, benign tumors of the smooth muscle layer of the uterus, plague approximately 80% of the female population by age 50. While there have been efforts to understand the mechanism behind this pathophysiology, it largely remains unclear. Lack of preclinical animal models that recapitulate aberrant steroid hormone pathways in UL has significantly hampered the development of long-term hormonal therapies for uterine fibroids. In addition, cultured myometrial as well as leiomyoma smooth muscle cells rapidly silence both estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) expression through unknown mechanisms, further limiting in vitro mechanistic studies of UL. Previous work by our lab has determined the loss of REST, a master regulator of epigenetic gene silencing, in leiomyoma results in the upregulation of ESR1 targets and therefore estrogen signaling. Using ChIP-PCR, we find REST is directly associated with ESR1 genomic locus, playing a role in its epigenetic regulation. ChIP-seq analysis of Rest cKO mouse uterus samples reveals a global role for REST in the regulation of progesterone receptor target genes and highlights alterations in PGR binding within the Esr1 locus. Additionally, we find REST inhibition of ESR1 expression is regulated through upstream WNT planar cell polarity molecule, PRICKLE1. Based on role of REST in silencing ESR1 expression in cultured myometrial cells, our results support the development of a potential cell culture method to maintain ESR1 expression through REST modulation. Finally, we establish a broad role for REST in epigenetic regulation relevant to leiomyoma pathophysiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bird, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gunewardena, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cloud, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganeshkumar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chennathukuzhi, V. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-08-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.673140</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Regulatory Role for Tumor Suppressor REST on Estrogen Receptor (ESR1) Expression and Leiomyoma Pathophysiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-08-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672771v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unveiling Eukaryotic Membrane Proteins in High Resolution Using Peptide Solubilization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.27.672771v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Integral membrane proteins are vital for numerous biological functions and are typically studied using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, these techniques require the extraction of target membrane proteins from their native membranes using detergents, which might disrupt the lipid environments and alter protein behavior. In this study, we present a novel method for solubilizing membrane proteins using a peptide, thereby eliminating the need for detergents throughout the procedure. We demonstrate that the 4F peptide effectively solubilizes a range of membrane proteins and complexes into peptidiscs, while preserving their functionality and structural integrity. Converting these peptidiscs into nanodiscs further enhances particle homogeneity and facilitates high-resolution structural determination of membrane proteins. Our findings highlight the potential of membrane-solubilizing peptides to advance membrane protein research.

HighlightsO_LI4F peptide can effectively solubilize eukaryotic membrane proteins
C_LIO_LI4F-peptidisc can be converted to MSP-wrapped nanodisc for high resolution cryo-EM studies
C_LIO_LI4F solubilization can preserve endogenous ligands bound to the target membrane protein
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672771</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unveiling Eukaryotic Membrane Proteins in High Resolution Using Peptide Solubilization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.672994v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Extracellular Matrix-Guided Tumor Stratification and Network Models Reveal Clinical Molecular Grades 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.29.672994v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The extracellular matrix (ECM) critically shapes tumor fate and treatment outcome, serving as a potent prognostic factor. Yet, its compositional heterogeneity across tumors makes it difficult to assess its impact on tumor dynamics. To address this, we introduce an ECM-guided patient stratification pipeline through integration of multi-omic data in lung cancer patients. We obtained four patient groups, representing ECM-grades that showed distinct clinical features, mutation profiles, and cellular heterogeneity. Investigation of patient-specific ECM-induced intracellular signaling via network modeling revealed strong enrichment of pathways and transcriptional regulators related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness in higher ECM-grades. Drug proximity analysis on ECM-grade specific networks predicted olaparib as an ECM-grade dependent therapeutic while erlotinib to be ECM-insensitive which were validated experimentally on lung tumor cells with distinct mutational profiles in response to differing ECM microenvironments. Overall, our ECM-mediated stratification approach is a robust system for capturing ECM heterogeneity and identifying patient groups that can be selectively targeted by distinct therapeutic strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dansik, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarica, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozturk, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuncbag, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.29.672994</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Extracellular Matrix-Guided Tumor Stratification and Network Models Reveal Clinical Molecular Grades]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.672803v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting the TEA DNA binding Domain of TEAD with a Peptide Inhibitor TEAi Suppresses Oncogenic Transcription and Tumor Growth 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.672803v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Hippo pathway is a critical regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis, with the TEAD-YAP/TAZ transcriptional complex serving as a key effector frequently hyperactivated in cancers. Targeting this complex has emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. Here, we develop TEAi, a 64-amino acid peptide derived from Drosophila Nerfin-1, which directly binds the TEA DNA-binding domain of TEAD. TEAi potently suppressed TEAD-YAP-driven transcriptional activity, as evidenced by luciferase reporter and qPCR assays targeting canonical downstream genes CTGF and CYR61. Mechanistically, TEAi inhibited the DNA-binding capacity of TEAD2 without direct DNA interaction, thereby abolishing promoter recruitment of the TEAD-YAP complex. unexpectedly, TEAi induced nuclear export and cytoplasmic accumulation of TEAD2, suggesting a non-canonical mechanism distinct from native Nerfin-1 function. Functionally, TEAi significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Unlike inhibitors targeting the YAP-binding interface, TEAi directly blocks the DNA-binding activity of TEAD, offering a potential advantage by comprehensively inhibiting all TEAD-dependent oncogenic transcription. Our findings establish TEAi as a promising prototype for therapeutics targeting TEAD, with implications for treating cancers driven by Hippo pathway dysregulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.672803</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting the TEA DNA binding Domain of TEAD with a Peptide Inhibitor TEAi Suppresses Oncogenic Transcription and Tumor Growth]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673435v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
High-resolution spatial analysis reveals pregnenolone metabolism as a potential target for immuno-suppressive microenvironment of BRAF mutant colorectal cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.01.673435v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BRAF mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly aggressive and often resistant to traditional therapies, presenting a significant challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME) and identifying novel immune checkpoints are crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Here, we employed high-resolution spatial analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing to map the TME of BRAF mutant CRC at single-cell resolution, focusing on the interactions between exhausted CD8+ T cells and C1QC+ macrophages. Mechanistically, we discovered that C1QC+ macrophages drive CD8+ T cell exhaustion through pregnenolone synthesis via the steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1. Our findings identify pregnenolone metabolism as a previously unrecognized immunosuppressive pathway in BRAF mutant CRC, and suggest that steroid biosynthesis is a generalizable mechanism of immune evasion beyond endocrine-related malignancies. Targeting this pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in BRAF mutant CRC and potentially other cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ba, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.01.673435</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[High-resolution spatial analysis reveals pregnenolone metabolism as a potential target for immuno-suppressive microenvironment of BRAF mutant colorectal cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673967v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhanced Neutralization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Using an Engineered VL Double-Domain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673967v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging virus responsible for thousands of deaths in Asia; however, an effective treatment has not yet been discovered. JEV envelope (E) proteins play important roles in viral survival and infection. In this study, we isolated scFv- and VL-targeting E proteins using phage display biopanning. The isolated VL was engineered to form VL double domains to increase its neutralization activity. Several candidates showed binding abilities, whereas only the DE2 VL double-domain treatment showed neutralizing activity against JEV. DE2 was also highly specific to JEV and did not bind to other flaviviruses. Immunocytochemistry results showed that DE2 was co-localized with the endosome 4 h post-infection. Thus, the mechanism of DE2 neutralization involves blocking the E protein from fusing with the endosomal membrane, resulting in the unrelease of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Docking analysis showed that DE2 was bound to three domains, especially DIII, of the JEV E protein. In contrast, other scFv that were unable to bind to DIII showed no or low neutralizing activity. DE2 was also predicted to neutralize all the JEV genotypes. In conclusion, a combined in vitro and in silico study showed the high potential of DE2 to neutralize JEV infections, which may be applied in future therapeutic systems.

ImportanceJapanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a serious mosquito-borne disease that causes brain infections and deaths across Asia. However, there is still no specific treatment once infection occurs. In this study, we developed a new type of antibody fragment, called a VL double-domain, that can block the virus. Among several candidates, DE2 showed a strong ability to stop JEV from infecting cells, while others could bind to the virus but did not block infection. Our findings reveal that DE2 works by attaching to a key region of the virus, preventing it from releasing its genetic material. Moreover, DE2 is predicted to work against all known JEV strains, highlighting its potential as a universal treatment option. This research provides an important step toward developing new antiviral therapies for JEV and possibly for other viruses with similar infection mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marweslie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rini, I. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kiba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ayun, R. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, T.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673967</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhanced Neutralization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Using an Engineered VL Double-Domain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.30.673307v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Role of Stomatin in Organizing Functional Membrane Microdomains 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.30.673307v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stomatin, originally discovered in red blood cells, is a member of the SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C) protein family, which has long been proposed to scaffold functional membrane microdomains (FMMs) enriched in saturated lipids such as cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Stomatin has been reported to associate with a variety of proteins involved in diverse physiological processes, including ion channel regulation, membrane fusion, mechanosensory regulation and vesicle trafficking; however, the mechanisms by which it modulates these interactions remain poorly understood.

Here, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of stomatin, revealing its hexadecameric assemblies. The SPFH1 domains insert into the cytosolic leaflet of membranes and, together with the N-terminal hairpin, form a potential cholesterol-binding pocket. Liposome reconstitution experiments demonstrated that stomatin self-organizes into clusters, and Spectrum and Polarization Optical Tomography (SPOT) further showed that these clusters enhance membrane lipid order, supporting the proposed role of stomatin in organizing functional membrane microdomains (FMMs). Proteomic mass spectrometry analysis identified numerous stomatin-associated cargo proteins, including solute carrier (SLC) transporters, RAB GTPases, and integrins, suggesting that stomatin regulates solute transport and contributes to vesicle trafficking and cell migration. Together, these findings elucidate the structural and functional roles of stomatin and underscore its potential as a therapeutic target for modulating cancer cell migration and metastasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.30.673307</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Role of Stomatin in Organizing Functional Membrane Microdomains]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Update on the reproduction and interpretation of DIANA fMRI 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three years ago, our group reported direct imaging of neuronal activity (DIANA) with high spatiotemporal resolution, but its reproducibility and signal origin remain controversial. Here, we report the results of our reproduction experiments of DIANA fMRI performed to date using forelimb electrical stimulation at various magnetic field strengths in anesthetized mice, along with the characteristics of DIANA signal, called the pseudo-steady state (PSS). Theoretical analysis and Bloch simulations demonstrated that the spatial location and temporal phase of PSS oscillations are primarily determined by frequency-offset, and that their spatiotemporal superposition can generate peak signals in specific regions at specific timing that closely resemble DIANA signals. These findings suggest that if PSS oscillations are the primary source of DIANA signals, it may be premature to interpret them as neuronal responses to sensory stimulation. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between DIANA signals and brain activation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Keum, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Update on the reproduction and interpretation of DIANA fMRI]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
An integrated in silico-in vitro workflow for discovering high-affinity, selective antibodies to the KRAS(G12D)-MHC I complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Antibodies that recognize peptide-loaded class I major histocompatibility complex (pMHC I) molecules could enable therapeutic targeting of intracellular oncogenic proteins, yet their discovery has been hampered by the small size of peptide antigens and allele-specificity. We describe an integrated in silico-in vitro workflow for generating high-affinity, selective antibodies to KRAS(G12D)10 presented by HLA-C*08:02, a clinically validated cancer neoantigen. In silico, multiple human antibody-derived variable fragments (Fvs) plausibly docked to the target pMHC were generated, followed by limited complementarity-determining region (CDR) sequence design. In vitro, CDR diversity was introduced at 3-4 positions per Fv to construct yeast surface display library for iterative selections. This workflow yielded antibodies with exclusive binding to KRAS(G12D)10/HLA-C*08:02 without cross-reactivity. Affinity maturation achieved nanomolar dissociation constants, and incorporation into chimeric antigen receptor T cells enabled specific activation against target-positive cells. This study establishes a practical design-to-function pipeline for TCR-like antibody discovery, and demonstrates the feasibility of therapeutic targeting against KRAS(G12D)-driven malignancies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahn, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, T.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeon, J.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lah, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ryu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ku, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, B.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[An integrated in silico-in vitro workflow for discovering high-affinity, selective antibodies to the KRAS(G12D)-MHC I complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673375v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Global Canopy Atlas: analysis-ready maps of 3D structure for the world's woody ecosystems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.08.31.673375v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Woody canopies regulate exchanges of energy, water and carbon, and their three-dimensional (3D) structure supports much of terrestrial biodiversity. Remote sensing technologies such as airborne laser scanning (ALS) now enable the 3D mapping of entire landscapes. However, we lack the large, harmonized and geographically representative ALS collections needed to build a global picture of woody ecosystem structure. To address this challenge, we developed the Global Canopy Atlas (GCA): 3,458 ALS acquisitions transformed into standardized and analysis-ready maps of canopy height and elevation at 1 m2 resolution. The GCA covers 56,554 km2 across all major biomes. 19% of this area has been scanned multiple times, and 87% of all GCA products are openly available, covering 95% of the total area. To showcase its wide range of applications, we applied the GCA in three case studies. First, we validated three global satellite-derived canopy height maps, finding poor performance at native resolution (1-30 m, R2 < 0.38) and moderate performance at 250 m resolution (R2 < 0.65). Second, analyzing global patterns in canopy gap size frequency we discovered an unexpectedly large variation of power law exponents from branch to stand level ( = 1.52 to 2.38), pointing to a fundamental scale-dependence of forest structure. Third, we developed a framework to standardize forest turnover quantification from multi-source, multi-temporal ALS. In a temperate forest in North America it revealed that 21% of canopy gaps closed within 12 years of opening and would thus be missed by infrequent monitoring. As demonstrated by these case studies, the GCA provides a novel data source for ecologists, foresters, remote sensing scientists and the ecosystem modelling community that substantially advances our ability to understand the structure and dynamics of woody ecosystems at global scales.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fischer, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chave, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coomes, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cushman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalagnol, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalponte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duncanson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saatchi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seidl, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterenczak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laurin, G. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adu-Bredu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aguirre-Gutierrez, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antonielli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armston, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>de Assis, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbier, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burt, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesar, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cervenka, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coops, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalling, J. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davies, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demol, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ebenbeck, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fassnacht, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fatoyinbo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gasparri, N. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gobakken, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goodbody, T. R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Görgens, E. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gorum, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gosper, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heiskanen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heurich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Höfle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hooijer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huth,</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.08.31.673375</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Global Canopy Atlas: analysis-ready maps of 3D structure for the world's woody ecosystems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure, dynamics, and processing of 8oxoG:A in the nucleosome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.02.673820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into chromatin through a repeating unit known as the nucleosome. In this chromatin environment, DNA is constantly exposed to several sources of DNA damage, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oxoG). 8oxoG can base pair with cytosine (8oxoG:C) or form a mutagenic base pair with adenine (8oxoG:A), which can lead to single base transversions if left unrepaired. To date, the structure and dynamics of these two possible 8oxoG base pairs in the nucleosome remain unclear. Furthermore, whether MutY homologue (MUTYH) excises 8oxoG:A base pairs in the nucleosome remains elusive. Here using a combination of cryogenic-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemistry we determined the structure and dynamics of 8oxoG:C and 8oxoG:A base pairs in the nucleosome and characterize MUTYH activity in nucleosomal DNA. We found that nucleosomal 8oxoG:C forms a stable base pair using its anti conformation, while nucleosomal 8oxoG:A forms a more dynamic base pair using its syn conformation that is unable to be processed by MUTYH. This work provides fundamental insight into the accommodation of oxidative damage in the nucleosome and how this damage contributes to increased mutagenic transversions in nucleosomal compared to linker DNA.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vito, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrara, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jacques, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gillet, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez-Aleman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashemian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trasvina-Arenas, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>David, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Delaney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bignon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.02.673820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure, dynamics, and processing of 8oxoG:A in the nucleosome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Memorability of Images Positively Influences Associative Memory Retention 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.674110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enhancing memory function is essential for daily living and cognitive health, particularly amid population aging and cognitive decline. However, current methods for memory enhancement often require specialized interventions or effortful practice. Here, we present evidence that the intrinsic memorability of images can serve as a simple, scalable, and involuntary strategy for improving associative memory. We studied its effects on associative memory in adults of distinct ages, memory retention in cognitively impaired older adults, and vocabulary learning in foreign language learners. Our results show that highly memorable images significantly enhance the recall of associated words, especially when the cue image and target word are semantically unrelated. Notably, these effects persist for at least one week and are robust across age groups and cognitive status. In a foreign language vocabulary task, pairing words with memorable images led to either improved recall accuracy or reduced learning time. These findings highlight that, in addition to being an intrinsic memory-enhancing property, image memorability also serves as a general facilitator of associative memory, via a method that is easy to adopt, requires minimal conscious effort, and can benefit the general public, particularly learners and cognitive impairment patients in educational and clinical settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LiMeixuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.674110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Memorability of Images Positively Influences Associative Memory Retention]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674293v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sex differences in the developing human cortex intersect with genetic risk of neurodevelopmental disorders 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.04.674293v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Autism is highly heritable and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. To identify neurodevelopmental processes that might present sex-biased vulnerability, we generated transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of cell types present in the prenatally developing human cerebral cortex of 27 males and 21 females. By intersecting sex-biased molecular signatures and genes with de novo mutations in male and female autistic probands, we reveal two points of vulnerability contributing to the sex-biased penetrance in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). First, we show that NDD risk genes are biased towards higher expression in females, identifying the NDD gene MEF2C as a critical transcription factor for female-biased expression. Second, we identify a significant contribution of X chromosome genes to NDD pathobiology. We construct a gene regulatory map of X-linked risk genes to enable functional studies of genetic variants that likely disrupt gene expression in the developing brains of autistic males. Together, these results point towards an outsized contribution of the X-chromosome to both the origin of sex differences in the developing human cortex and NDD vulnerability. We propose a model where female-biased vulnerability is driven by coding variation within genes while male-biased vulnerability is driven by noncoding variation in regulatory elements that affect gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hennick, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karunakaran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicolella, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leonard, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer-Schuman, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berk-Rauch, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakravarti, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zoghbi, H. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eichler, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nowakowski, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.04.674293</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sex differences in the developing human cortex intersect with genetic risk of neurodevelopmental disorders]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Rapid Anatomics Tool (RAT): A low-cost root anatomical phenotyping pipeline reveals changes in root anatomy along the root axis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Root anatomical phenotyping has become a demonstrably essential part of investigating root physiology and in acquiring a holistic understanding of plant development. However, accessible high throughput methods for root anatomical analysis are still lacking. Here, we present the Rapid Anatomics Tool (RAT), a novel, low-cost system for high throughput root anatomical imaging with a shallow learning curve for obtaining high quality images suitable for comparative analysis across a number of plant species. Its efficiency comes from combining blockface-like imaging and stain-free imaging using near-ultraviolet (nUV) autofluorescence utilising a combination of low-cost commercial equipment, readily available mechanical components, and custom designed and 3D printed tools. Using this system, we investigated the anatomy of mature tissue along the axis of wheat crown roots, revealing a tendency of reduction in vascular complexity (expressed through a reduction in metaxylem number, area, and mean area per metaxylem file) from the basal to the distal region of the root. This study highlights the importance of thorough sampling strategies for investigating root anatomy in relation to organ function and introduces an accessible, relatively high-throughput method to support such research.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jones, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baca Cabrera, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behrend, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wells, D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atkinson, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lobet, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hanlon, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schneider, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.674482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Rapid Anatomics Tool (RAT): A low-cost root anatomical phenotyping pipeline reveals changes in root anatomy along the root axis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673215v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neuroendocrine principle: Pancreatic islets actively shape sympathetic innervation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.03.673215v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Survival critically depends on maintaining blood glucose levels to provide essential energy, especially during emergencies such as the fight-or-flight response, when timely glucose control via neural integration is vital. However, pancreatic islets constitute only a small fraction of the pancreas and are dispersed throughout the organ, raising the fundamental question of how the nervous system coordinates synchronized control of multiple islets. Using whole-organ clearing and 3D imaging, we mapped pancreatic sympathetic innervation, revealing specialized anatomical integration between sympathetic nerves and islets. Transplanted islets intrinsically attracted sympathetic nerves independent of their native environment. Chronic islet injury disrupted sympathetic innervation and markedly impaired nerve regeneration after denervation. Sympathetic denervation markedly elevated islet-derived Reg2 and Reg3{beta}; administration of these proteins accelerated sympathetic regeneration and improved islet graft function. Our findings identify an islet-sympathetic architecture actively maintained by islets, uncovering an endocrine-driven mechanism for neural regulation, highlighting Reg2 and Reg3{beta} as therapeutic candidates for diabetes management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, D.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abudujilile, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mutailifu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, Y.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, X.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.-P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.03.673215</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neuroendocrine principle: Pancreatic islets actively shape sympathetic innervation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674575v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Framework for analyzing MAE-derived immunopeptidomes from cell lines with shared HLA haplotypes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.05.674575v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDThe goal in vaccinology is to identify candidate antigens for clinical trials that will elicit an immune response for a significant portion of the target population. Unfortunately, promising data generated at the preclinical level often cannot be replicated in larger sample sizes. The goal of this project was to develop a methodology for processing MAE-generated data to identify MHC epitopes, minimize non-specific contaminants, find binding motifs, and utilize genetic connections among donors to determine which peptides were presented by specific MHC alleles.

RESULTSOur approach demonstrated that mild acid elution of peptides from seven consanguineous B-lymphocyte lines accurately reflects the HLA genotypes within family members, highlighting the specificity of MAE. Additionally, the data successfully reproduced known MHC binding motifs and partially deconvoluted the originating HLA alleles of the epitopes.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that our approach could be applied to numerous cell lines globally to evaluate a wide array of HLA haplotypes. This may help to reveal candidate vaccine antigens that induce immune protection for a wider population.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chan, Q. W. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luehr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuan, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Foster, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.05.674575</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Framework for analyzing MAE-derived immunopeptidomes from cell lines with shared HLA haplotypes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674663v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Temporal dynamics of CNS cholesterol esters correlate with demyelination and remyelination 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674663v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Elevated cholesterol ester levels have been observed in the CNS of patients with neurological diseases, yet the source of cholesterol ester accumulation and whether it is directly linked to demyelination remains undefined. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of cholesterol esters using the Plp1-iCKO-Myrf mouse model, which features distinct phases of demyelination and remyelination. Our findings reveal that cholesterol ester levels increased with demyelination in both the brain and the spinal cord. In the brain, cholesterol esters declined to normal levels during remyelination, whereas cholesterol esters remained elevated in the spinal cord, which had limited remyelination. Expression of both acetyl-CoA-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) were elevated during demyelination, suggesting the potential involvement of both proteins in the formation of cholesterol esters. Co-localization studies revealed that ACAT1 is predominantly expressed by microglia and LCAT is predominantly expressed by astrocytes during demyelination highlighting the active roles of glia cells in cholesterol ester metabolism. In addition, we showed that administering the remyelinating drug, Sob-AM2, effectively reduced the level of cholesterol ester accumulation in the brain during demyelination underscoring the potential that manipulating cholesterol ester regulatory pathways may offer for restoring cholesterol homeostasis and promoting remyelination in demyelinating diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>De Silva Mohotti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Williams, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binjawadagji, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kobayashi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dedunupitiya, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Petersen, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartley, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.06.674663</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Temporal dynamics of CNS cholesterol esters correlate with demyelination and remyelination]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C. elegans Q neuroblast lineage during migration and differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.09.675151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proper migration and differentiation of neuroblasts into neurons are essential for the development of a healthy nervous system. In this context, the asymmetrical migration of Caenorhabditis elegans Q neuroblasts provides a powerful model for studying the genetic aspects of neuronal migration in vivo at single-cell resolution. We isolated Q lineage cells at various stages of development using FACS and employed single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the migration and differentiation of these neuroblasts. We created a robust transcriptomic differentiation map of the Q neuroblast lineage and used established markers to identify each cell in the lineage. Our results revealed novel genes not previously described on these cells and linked the expression of known genes to specific stages of Q lineage progression. Furthermore, functional enrichment and imaging provided evidence that the parent Q cells are initially specified with an epithelial-like identity and undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition during the early stages of migration. We also identified novel Wnt-related mechanisms, including left-right asymmetric expression of cwn-1 and cwn-2, and the involvement of the Wnt/{beta}-catenin asymmetry pathway in the Q lineage. Our work offers a high-resolution view of neuroblast development, showcasing the power of single-cell transcriptomics to reveal stage-specific regulatory programs.

Author SummaryCell migration and differentiation are critical steps for nervous system formation. Mapping changes in single-cell behavior during this process can greatly improve our understanding of neuronal development. However, the complexity of the human brain presents significant challenges to analyzing these processes in individual cells. Here, we used the Q neuroblast lineage from the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model system to investigate the molecular dynamics of neurodevelopment using single-cell RNA sequencing. By analyzing over 6,000 individual cells from the Q lineage, we generated a detailed map showing how each cell in this lineage changes over time. This approach allowed us to identify new genes that had not previously been associated with this system and to identify the expression patterns of known genes at different stages of lineage development. By looking at gene functions at different stages, we also discovered that the parent cells in the lineage initially exhibit an epithelial-like identity before transitioning to neuroblasts and later becoming neurons. Overall, our study gives a clear picture of how gene expression changes as this neuroblast lineage develops, enhancing our understanding of how different genetic programs can influence neural development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hackett, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.09.675151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of C. elegans Q neuroblast lineage during migration and differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674775v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Localized Space Coding and Phase Coding Complement Each Other to Achieve Robust and Efficient Spatial Representation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.07.674775v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Localized space coding and phase coding are two distinct strategies responsible, respectively, for representing abstract structure and sensory observations in neural cognitive maps. In spatial representation, localized space coding is implemented by place cells in the hippocampus (HPC), while phase coding is implemented by grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Both strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages, and neither of them meets the requirement of representing space robustly and efficiently in the brain. Here, we show that through reciprocal connections between HPC and MEC, place and grid cells can complement each other to overcome their respective shortcomings. Specifically, we build a coupled network model, in which a continuous attractor neural network (CANN) with position coordinate models place cells, while multiple CANNs with phase coordinates model grid cell modules with varying spacings. The reciprocal connections between place and grid cells encode the correlation prior between the sensory cues processed by HPC and MEC, respectively. Using this model, we show that: 1) place and grid cells interact to integrate sensory cues in a Bayesian manner; 2) place cells complement grid cells in coding accuracy by eliminating non-local errors of the latter; 3) grid cells complement place cells in coding efficiency by enlarging the number of environmental maps stored stably by the latter. We demonstrate that the coupled network model explains the seemingly contradictory experimental findings about the remapping phenomena of place cells when grid cells are either inactivated or depolarized. This study gives us insight into understanding how the brain employs collaborative localized and phase coding to realize both robust and efficient information representation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>HONG, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>WU, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.674775</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Localized Space Coding and Phase Coding Complement Each Other to Achieve Robust and Efficient Spatial Representation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675892v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct Implicit Contributions to Action Selection and Action Execution in Sensorimotor Adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.12.675892v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The sensorimotor system is continuously adjusted to minimize error. Current theories assume that this adaptation process entails the operation of multiple learning systems, with a key division between implicit and explicit components. Recent studies have revealed several inconsistencies regarding the characteristics and constraints of the implicit system, suggesting that the current framework is incomplete. Here, we propose that these conflicting findings can be understood by recognizing that there are multiple implicit subcomponents, distinguished by their distinct computational goals. One well-studied component is implicit recalibration, a process critical for action execution which uses sensory-prediction errors to automatically refine the sensorimotor map. Here we describe a second, novel component, implicit aiming, a process which contributes to action selection to achieve the specific goals. Through a series of studies, we find compelling evidence that those two implicit processes show a clear separation in their temporal stabilities and contextual modulations. These distinct properties correspond to different computational frameworks attributing learning dynamics to either contextual inference or cancellation of competing neural populations, respectively. Together, these findings suggest an alternative framework for sensorimotor adaptation based on the computational goals of the system rather than phenomenology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ivry, R. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.12.675892</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct Implicit Contributions to Action Selection and Action Execution in Sensorimotor Adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676532v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Characterization and engineering of highly efficient Cas12j genome editors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676532v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The large size of CRISPR-Cas enzymes limits their delivery for therapeutic applications. Cas12j nucleases offers hypercompact alternative but show moderate editing efficiency. To overcome this limitation, we identified eight novel Cas12j orthologues (Cas12j-11 to Cas12j-18) from viral metagenomes. All showed low editing activity in mammalian cells. We engineered T5 exonuclease-Cas12j fusions (T5Exo-Cas12j), two of which, T5Exo-Cas12j-12, and -18 exhibited up to 42% editing in HEK293T and 9% in K-562 cells, outperforming wild-type Cas12j counterparts and comparable to LbCas12a. Intriguingly, robust in cellula editing in both HEK293T and K-562 cells was strictly dependent on the presence of 5'-TAC trinucleotides within the target DNA sequence. Furthermore, we fused the Cas12j orthologues with the TadA8e deaminase and developed base editors, termed Be-(d)Cas12j. Among these, Be-(d)Cas12j-13 demonstrated efficient A-to-G base conversion in mammalian cells. This study expands the CRISPR toolbox by characterizing and engineering novel Cas12j orthologues into compact, high-efficiency genome editors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gundra, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aouida, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kazlak, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elbehery, A. H. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ghouneimy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mahfouz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676532</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Characterization and engineering of highly efficient Cas12j genome editors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676046v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Kat5 cKO Biological Domain Signatures Align with Human Alzheimer Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676046v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDAlzheimers disease (AD) is associated with amyloid plaques and can be caused by autosomal dominant mutations in APP or PSEN1/2, which form an enzyme substrate complex. Decreases in catalysis of AD mutant APP and PSEN1 supports the hypothesis that membrane delimitation of KAT5 could contribute to AD.

METHODSWe compare the hippocampal transcriptome profiles of the Kat5 brain-specific knockout mouse to multiple AD datasets through alignment with the TREAT-AD AD biological domains. We examine KAT5 subcellular localization in human WT and AD neurons.

RESULTSThe Kat5 KO mouse demonstrates downregulation of synaptic genes, metabolic pathways, and upregulation of DNA replication and repair, cell cycle and immune response genes. We see similar profiles in Kat5 and comparative AD datasets. KAT5 is restricted to the cytosol in human AD neurons.

DISCUSSIONThis analysis supports the hypothesis that KAT5 nuclear signaling down stream of APP cleavage plays a pivotal role in neuronal homeostasis and immune regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cary, G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankowski, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darvas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bothwell, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jayadev, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reid, A. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Greenwood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levey, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leal, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, G. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.676046</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Kat5 cKO Biological Domain Signatures Align with Human Alzheimer Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676052v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sampling bias obscures biodiversity patterns, reveals data gaps in priority conservation areas: a call for improved documentation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.13.676052v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Where and how species are sampled can shape biodiversity knowledge, spatial patterns, and data-driven conservation. In many Global South biodiversity hotspots, sampling remains uneven, and available data often lack the synthesis needed to assess region-wide gaps for effective conservation planning and priority-setting. This shortfall is common within conserved areas and key biodiversity areas (hereafter  priority conservation areas or PCAs). We demonstrate this case in the Philippines, one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, where longstanding biodiversity research and growing policy momentum support efforts to expand coverage of conserved areas. Drawing on over a century of species occurrence records made digitally accessible, we compiled and manually curated these data to assemble and analyze information on Philippine amphibians and squamate reptiles from multiple sources, assessing the spatial distribution of observed diversity in relation to PCAs. Results reveal strong spatial biases, with preserved specimens comprising the majority of records and largely shaping observed diversity patterns. Citizen-science data complement already well-sampled regions, while records from peer-reviewed literature contribute valuable documentation in poorly sampled areas. PCAs are proportionally well-sampled, although gaps and biases remain. Sampling effort and observed diversity were higher in larger PCAs, but this positive area effect diminishes with increasing topographic relief, highlighting large mountain ranges as persistent blind spots in biodiversity documentation. Notably, some areas of higher diversity occur outside established PCAs. We discuss implications of these biases and propose enabling mechanisms to improve primary biodiversity data collection. This study affirms the importance of integrating digitally accessible biodiversity data from multiple sources in revealing sampling gaps and biases, guiding future studies towards poorly sampled areas and informing conservation priorities.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pitogo, K. M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meneses, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Decena, S. C. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Supsup, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Som, H. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bernstein, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, K. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Herr, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.13.676052</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sampling bias obscures biodiversity patterns, reveals data gaps in priority conservation areas: a call for improved documentation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676620v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatic ketogenic insufficiency blunts exercise-induced energy expenditure and alters mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676620v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketone body (KB) utilization increases during fasting and exercise due to enhanced hepatic fatty acid oxidation and KB production via the rate-limiting mitochondrial enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCS2). Since KB metabolism intersects with multiple metabolic pathways, and skeletal muscle KB catabolism rises during exercise, we tested the hypothesis that liver-specific HMGCS2 knockouts (KO) would have reduced energy expenditure (EE) and changes in the mitochondrial proteome of skeletal muscle with chronic exercise through voluntary wheel running (VWR), time-restricted feeding (TRF), or both combined to boost hepatic KB production and utilization. Control (CON) and HMGCS2 knockout (KO) mice (n=6-8 per group) underwent sedentary ad libitum feeding (SED+AL), SED+TRF, VWR+AL, and VWR+TRF for 16 weeks, with whole-body EE measured using indirect calorimetry. In CON mice, VWR increased total EE by 19.5% and non-resting EE by 50% under AL conditions, and total EE by 16% and non-resting EE by 47.9% under TRF conditions. However, the EE increases seen with VWR did not occur in KO mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that the loss of liver HMGCS2 significantly impacted proteins involved in metabolic processes within skeletal muscle, including reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression in SED KO mice compared to sedentary CON. Notably, VWR restored OXPHOS protein expression in the muscle of the liver HMGCS2 KO but did not alter it in the CON. Furthermore, muscle from liver HMGCS2 KO mice had elevated expression glycolytic pathways in sedentary and VWR conditions. These results indicate that hepatic ketogenic deficiency (HMGCS2 KO) diminishes exercise-induced increases in EE and uniquely impacts baseline and exercise-related adaptations in the metabolic and mitochondrial proteome of skeletal muscle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davis, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoin, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salathe, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queatham, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulghum, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchalska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676620</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatic ketogenic insufficiency blunts exercise-induced energy expenditure and alters mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676546v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Convergent utilization of APN receptor by hedgehog merbecoviruses 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.16.676546v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are well-established receptors for merbecoviruses, yet the receptor usage of merbecoviruses of European and Asian hedgehogs (EriCoVs) remains unknown. Here, by testing hedgehog orthologs of known coronavirus receptors, we identify hedgehog aminopeptidase N (APN) as a functional receptor for EriCoVs. Analysis of 94 APN orthologs indicates that EriCoVs have a limited host range, primarily utilizing hedgehog APN and, to a lesser extent, APN from certain felids, shaped by specific determinants at the virus-receptor interface. Cryo-EM reveals an APN-binding mode distinct from those used by alpha- and deltacoronaviruses. Functional assays indicate that hedgehog transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances spike activation and promotes pseudovirus entry. Neutralizing antibodies targeting RBD and APN were developed and could effectively block EriCoV pseudovirus entry and propagation. These findings reveal an unexpected convergent evolution of APN utilization among merbecovirus, establishing a foundation for risk assessment and countermeasure development.

Graphic abstractConvergent utilization of hedgehog APN by EriCoVs



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=115 SRC="FIGDIR/small/676546v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Si, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.16.676546</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Convergent utilization of APN receptor by hedgehog merbecoviruses]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676846v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A cross model spatial and single-cell atlas reveals the conserved involvement of osteopontin in polycystic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.17.676846v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) arises from mutations in cilia-associated genes, such as PKD1 and PKD2, expressed in renal epithelial cells, leading to progressive kidney dysfunction and end- stage kidney disease (ESKD). PKD patients exhibit significant heterogeneity in disease progression, largely due to genetic and environmental modifiers. Like patients, mouse models of PKD also exhibit significant heterogeneity with regards to the gene mutated, age of disease onset, and rate of disease progression. To elucidate the cellular and molecular consequences of these variables, we constructed an integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics atlas across mouse models of PKD, mapping changes in cell type composition, gene expression, and intercellular signaling networks across the whole atlas and within individual models. Consistently across models, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data revealed increased Spp1 (osteopontin) expression and signaling from PKD-enriched clusters to Ly6clo monocytes. Global deletion of Spp1 in Pkd1RC/RC mice resulted in reduced cyst severity, improved kidney function, and reduced Ly6clo monocyte numbers, suggesting that SPP1 signaling to Ly6clo monocytes promotes PKD progression. We also created a freely available, searchable website (https://bmblx.bmi.osumc.edu/scPKD/) that can be used to identify cross- and intra-model specific changes in gene expression, guiding researchers to new therapeutic targets for treating PKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Miller, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cordova, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yashchenko, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jafree, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeVette, C. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Do, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hignite, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Darby, I. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nusrat, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maryam, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gipson, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiser-Evans, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoder, B. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cowley, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hopp, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stubbs, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmerman, K. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.17.676846</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A cross model spatial and single-cell atlas reveals the conserved involvement of osteopontin in polycystic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677220v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal analysis of bacterial community dynamics in normal hospital ward following patient occupancy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.18.677220v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The hospital microbiome significantly influences patient recovery and clinical outcomes. However, the dynamics of microbial colonization and transmission following initial patient occupancy remain poorly understood. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate bacterial community dynamics on surfaces within neurosurgery ward and patients as a new hospital became operational. Our results showed that bacterial colonization in hospital wards follows distinct site-specific patterns, after hospital opening, alpha diversity was significantly increased on floors and drawer handles but decreased on bedrails and faucet handles compared to preopening. Beta diversity analysis showed that surfaces frequently contacted by patients exhibited the greatest compositional turnover, such as bedrails, drawer handles, and faucet handles, bacterial communities in after-opening were more homogeneous across sites than preopening, indicating potential bacterial transmission. Moreover, we found following patient admission, patient hand-derived microbiomes exert a significant influence on the bacterial communities in hospital wards, with a particularly pronounced impact on bedrails. Additionally, the potential disease risk of bedrails in post-opening was significantly higher than preopening. Taken together, these findings underscore the critical role of human contact in shaping hospital microbiomes and highlight the importance of targeted infection control strategies to mitigate pathogen transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.18.677220</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal analysis of bacterial community dynamics in normal hospital ward following patient occupancy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677366v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Candida albicans infiltrates colon and rectal cancers causing therapeutic resistance and decreased survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.19.677366v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a modifier of cancer progression and therapy response, yet the role of intratumoral fungi remains poorly defined. Here, we identify Candida albicans colonization within human colorectal tumors as a predictor of reduced survival and impaired radiation response. Leveraging the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) cohort, we show that high intratumoral Candida burden is associated with decreased survival across multiple gastrointestinal cancers, with the strongest treatment-specific effect in rectal cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. This observation was validated in independent rectal cancer cohorts using RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR.

In immune-competent murine colorectal cancer models, oral gavage of C. albicans resulted in intratumoral colonization, accelerated tumor growth, and radiation resistance, effects not observed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or PBS controls. Colonized tumors exhibited increased hypoxia, altered metabolic and transcriptional programs, and distinct expression of genes linked to cytokine signaling and cell survival. Hypoxia conditioned C. albicans secreted metabolites that directly conferred radiation resistance to colorectal cancer cells in vitro, implicating a cancer cell intrinsic mechanism independent of immune signaling. Untargeted metabolomics revealed enrichment of nucleosides and lipid oxidation intermediates under hypoxia, suggesting that C. albicans metabolites may provide substrates facilitating tumor recovery after irradiation.

These findings establish C. albicans as a causal modifier of tumor biology and radiation response, highlighting intratumoral fungi as future potential therapeutic targets. Modulating fungal colonization or metabolism may improve radiotherapy outcomes and broaden our understanding of interactions between microbes and tumors.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Grencewicz, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Loncar, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferrandon, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chatterjee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kreamer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehra, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoyd, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jahanbakhshi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choueiry, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Anderson, M. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benej, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bosch, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pallerla, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bocklage, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCarter, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tarhini, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salhia, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moskaluk, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riedlingeer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Masood, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hardikar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ilozumba, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ulrich, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, C. H. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shiver, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>George, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mudaranthakam, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchman, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rounbehler, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chambers, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carbone, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalady, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Denko, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spakowicz, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.19.677366</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Candida albicans infiltrates colon and rectal cancers causing therapeutic resistance and decreased survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.20.677490v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Experimental demonstration of daisy chain gene drive and modelling of daisy suppression systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.20.677490v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based gene drive can address ecological problems by biasing their inheritance coupled with an effector for either population modification of suppression. However, the risk of uncontrolled spread impedes some applications of gene drive. Daisy chain drives have received much attention as a potential approach to overcome this problem. They potentially allow efficient spread in a target population but are ultimately self-limiting. This is achieved by splitting a standard gene drive into multiple dependent elements, where each element can bias the inheritance of another, except one non-driving element. With the successive loss of each chain link, spread of transgenic elements will slow down and eventually stop. Here, we use modelling to assess the population dynamics of suppression daisy chain drives in both panmictic and continuous space models. We find that achieving population elimination through a single release of daisy chain gene drives is possible but difficult, with relatively high requirements for drive performance and release size. These effects are substantially amplified in spatial models. We also constructed two configurations of daisy chain gene drives in Drosophila melanogaster as a proof-of-principle. One is a rescue drive for population modification, and the other aims for population suppression by targeting a female fertility gene. Both functioned within expectations at moderate efficiency in individual crosses. However, the system failed to spread in cage populations because of higher than expected fitness costs. Overall, our study demonstrates that daisy chain systems may be promising candidates for both modification and suppression, but challenges remain in both construction and potential deployment in large regions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.20.677490</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Experimental demonstration of daisy chain gene drive and modelling of daisy suppression systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.20.677535v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spontaneous mutant in threespine stickleback connects endosome trafficking disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases via changes in the gut microbiome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.20.677535v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Endosomes are organelles that sort and traffic materials to different cellular compartments to enable performance of other organelles. One group of organelles supported by endosomes are lysosome related organelles (LROs) - which perform specialized functions using endocytosed or recycled materials from endosomes. LROs include melanosomes, lytic granules, platelet dense granules, lamellar bodies, and more. Individuals with endosome trafficking disorders commonly present with oculocutaneous albinism due to insufficient trafficking to - and maturation of - melanosomes. While the loss of pigment is an easily identifiable phenotype, mutations in endosome trafficking can also cause multi-organ system symptoms due to more broad disruption of LROs. Different endosome trafficking mutations impact LRO maturation at different degrees of severity and can impact a subset or all LROs leading to a wide range of symptomologies. Endosome trafficking disorders can present with oculocutaneous albinism (caused by mutated melanosomes), blood diathesis (caused by mutated platelet dense granules), pulmonary fibrosis (caused by mutated lamellar bodies), or chronic inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (caused by mutated lytic granules), as well as other symptoms. The shared inflammatory patterns of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are well studied. However, impacts of this shared gastrointestinal inflammation on the gut microbiome remain unexplored. Using a spontaneously identified mutant family of threespine stickleback fish, we characterize changes in LROs and symptoms of oculocutaneous albinism. We further demonstrate that the shared gastrointestinal phenotypes of HPS and IBD extend to the gut microbiome showing similar shifts in microbial communities consistent with IBD. We argue endosome trafficking models should be explored as models to study the gut microbiome in addition to inflammatory phenotypes in IBD, and importantly, be used to test microbial/dietary interventions for both IBD and endosome trafficking disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Beck, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currey, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Small, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bohannan, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cresko, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.20.677535</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spontaneous mutant in threespine stickleback connects endosome trafficking disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases via changes in the gut microbiome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677634v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Designing smart spatial omics experiments with S2Omics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.21.677634v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial omics technologies have transformed biomedical research by enabling high-resolution molecular profiling while preserving the native tissue architecture. These advances provide unprecedented insights into tissue structure and function. However, the high cost and time-intensive nature of spatial omics experiments necessitate careful experimental design, particularly in selecting regions of interest (ROIs) from large tissue sections. Currently, ROI selection is performed manually, which introduces subjectivity, inconsistency, and a lack of reproducibility. Previous studies have shown strong correlations between spatial molecular patterns and histological features, suggesting that readily available and cost-effective histology images can be leveraged to guide spatial omics experiments. Here, we present S2Omics, an end-to-end workflow that automatically selects ROIs from histology images with the goal of maximizing molecular information content in the ROIs. Through comprehensive evaluations across multiple spatial omics platforms and tissue types, we demonstrate that S2Omics enables systematic and reproducible ROI selection and enhances the robustness and impact of downstream biological discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yuan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schroeder, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dumoulin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levinsohn, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clemenceau, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Furth, E. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nayak, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lubo, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soto, L. M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, J. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Susztak, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hwang, T. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.21.677634</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Designing smart spatial omics experiments with S2Omics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677739v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A nuclear pore complex component HOS1 mediates UV-B light-induced UVR8 nuclear localization for activating HY5 cascade in Arabidopsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677739v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Upon ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exposure, the photoreceptor UVR8 translocates to the nucleus and interacts with COP1 to activate downstream transcription factors, notably including HY5. However, the mechanism of UVR8 nuclear import has remained unclear1,2. Here, we identified HOS1, a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), as a key mediator of UVR8 nuclear translocation under UV-B conditions. HOS1 directly interacts with UVR8 specifically in response to UV-B, facilitating its efficient import into the nucleus. Consistent with this role, HOS1-deficient mutants exhibit reduced HY5 protein accumulation, compromised UV-B tolerance, and impaired expression of HY5- regulated genes, including those involved in anthocyanin synthesis. These findings reveal a novel role of HOS1 in bridging UV-B perception in the cytoplasm and gene transcriptional activation in the nucleus by enabling UVR8 nuclear import. They highlight a distinct broader role of NPC components in coordinating plant transcriptional response to environmental stimuli.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, M. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, W.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, C.-M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, J.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677739</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A nuclear pore complex component HOS1 mediates UV-B light-induced UVR8 nuclear localization for activating HY5 cascade in Arabidopsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Crystal Structure of 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming) from Nitrosopumilus maritimus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.22.677778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) cycle in thaumarchaeota contributes significantly to global organic carbon fixation as the most energetically efficient aerobic carbon fixation pathway. The thaumarchaeal 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming; Nmar_1309) is crucial to this efficiency, utilizing ATP to ADP catalysis. This first reported structure of Nmar_1309 reveals a homodimer with a unique subdomain organization ([3-4-1-2-5]) and a distinct linker between subdomains 4 and 1. The presence of bound substrates including 3-hydroxypropionate, non-hydrolyzable ATP (ADPNP), and a phosphate suggests an intermediate state mimicking a reaction step immediately preceding the formation of a 3-hydroxypropionyl-phosphohistidine. Conformational differences were observed between the two chains of the homodimer, likely influenced by the binding of a single ADPNP molecule in one chain. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that while 4HB synthetases may have evolved earlier in the evolutionary timeline, 3HP synthetases in Thaumarchaeota may have occurred after the Great Oxygenation Event. These structural data provide further characterization of the 3HP/4HB cycle and, in conjunction with the structure of 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA synthetase, Nmar_0206, provide baseline structures of the key ADP-forming Acyl-CoA synthetases within this pathway.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Johnson, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosun, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolar, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshikuni, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Francis, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doukov, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yokoi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Crystal Structure of 3-Hydroxypropionyl-CoA Synthetase (ADP-forming) from Nitrosopumilus maritimus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677968v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A neural circuit for female-specific defensive homeostasis in risk assessment 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.23.677968v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
HighlightsSC CB1R+ neurons encode visual survival threats and initiate risk assessment in both sexes

CB1R+ SC-LHb GABAergic circuit maintains defensive homeostasis in risk assessment in females

eCBs gate this circuit by disinhibiting presynaptic GABA release exclusively in females

Disruption of this mechanism female-specifically impairs risk assessment and stress coping

In BriefLiu et al. identify a female-specific subcortical circuit in which eCB signaling, via CB1R on GABAergic terminals in the SC, suppresses transmission to the LHb to maintain precise defensive homeostasis in risk assessment. These findings uncover the circuit and neuronal mechanisms that contribute to the sexually dimorphic maintenance of defensive homeostasis.

Risk assessment in defensive behavior is an adaptive mechanism shaped by natural selection, enabling individuals to evaluate potential threats and thereby maintain defensive homeostasis. However, it remains unknown whether specific neural circuits maintain their behavioral homeostasis in a sex-specific manner. To address this, we investigated its neural basis by hierarchical behavior analysis framework with neural circuit dissection. In mice of both sexes, visual survival threats activated cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R)-expressing neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) to initiate consistent risk assessment. Deletion of CB1R in SC GABAergic neurons female-specifically impairs risk assessment by disinhibiting GABA release in SC-lateral habenula (LHb) projections, resulting in shortened risk assessment. This disruption furthermore increases the occurrence of abnormal spontaneous behavior following chronic stress exclusively in females. We identified a female-specific SC-LHb GABAergic circuit gated by CB1R maintains defensive homeostasis in risk assessment. Our findings reveal how a conserved neuromodulatory system sex-specifically gates a subcortical circuit to orchestrate distinct survival strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.23.677968</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A neural circuit for female-specific defensive homeostasis in risk assessment]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678913v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Augmented prediction of multi-species protein--RNA interactions using evolutionary conservation of RNA-binding proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.678913v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have begun to detail the RNA recognition mechanisms of diverse RBPs. However, given the array of RBPs studied so far, it is implausible to experimentally profile RBP-binding peaks for hundreds of RBPs in multiple non-model organisms. Here, we introduce MuSIC (Multi-Species RBP-RNA Interactions using Conservation), a deep learning-based framework for predicting cross-species RBP-RNA interactions by leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation of RBPs across 11 diverse species ranging from human to yeast. MuSIC outperforms state-of-the-art computational methods, and provides predicted RBP-binding peaks across species with high accuracy. The prediction confidence is higher in the closely related species, partially due to the RBP conservation patterns. Finally, the effects of homologous genetic variants on RBP binding can be computationally quantified across species, followed by experimental validations. The target transcripts with disrupted binding events are enriched with the ubiquitination-associated pathways. To summarize, MuSIC provides a useful computational framework for predicting RBP-RNA interactions cross-species and quantifying the effects of genetic variants on RBP binding, offering novel insights into the RBP-mediated regulatory mechanisms implicated in human diseases.

HighlightsO_LIMuSIC integrates RBP-binding peaks with conservation-weighted label smoothing to predict RBP-RNA interactions across eleven species
C_LIO_LIMuSIC outperforms state-of-the-art computational methods in predicting cross-species RBP-RNA interactions
C_LIO_LICross-species prediction accuracy of RBP-binding peaks correlates with the conservation of RBPs
C_LIO_LIMuSIC quantifies the effects of homologous SNVs on RBP binding with experimental validation in mouse
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, L.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.678913</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Augmented prediction of multi-species protein--RNA interactions using evolutionary conservation of RNA-binding proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.679002v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Macrophage-derived WNT regulates tumor immune microenvironment to reduce colitis-associated colon cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.27.679002v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Prolonged colonic inflammation and ulcerative colitis lead to colon cancer. The rapid growth and treatment-resistant nature of these tumors are primarily influenced by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which is led by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). However, factors influencing or regulating the immunosuppressive nature of TAMs have not been sufficiently studied. In this manuscript, we use a mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) to demonstrate that WNT expression in TAMs regulates their immunosuppressive function by inhibiting Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3{beta}) within the macrophages, possibly through an autofeedback loop. GSK3{beta} is a positive regulator of PD-1 and PDL1 expression in macrophages and promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, GSK-3{beta} inhibition alters the immunosuppressive nature of the immune microenvironment and effectively controls tumor growth. In Csf1r-iCre; Porcnfl/fl mice, the absence of macrophage-derived WNT promotes tumor growth in the model of colitis-associated colon cancer. Absence of macrophage-derived WNT stabilizes GSK-3{beta} in macrophages and promotes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We also show that pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3{beta} in a macrophage-specific manner, achieved by systemic delivery of a lipo-GSK3{beta} inhibitor, effectively inhibits tumor growth. Therefore, this manuscript demonstrates for the first time that the macrophage-specific modulation of GSK3{beta} can be a potential target to treat colitis-associated colon cancer.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bhanja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chugh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krepel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mitra, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupta-Saraf, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diaz-Olea, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pathak, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kasi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.27.679002</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Macrophage-derived WNT regulates tumor immune microenvironment to reduce colitis-associated colon cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679136v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Co-Evolutionary Characterization of PBP2 as the Predominant Siderophore Recognizer in Diverse Gram-Positive Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.679136v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Iron is a scarce yet essential nutrient for bacteria. Microbes often acquire iron by secreting siderophores, a diverse group of small molecules that form high-affinity complexes with iron for microbial uptake. Understanding microbial iron interaction networks requires detailed characterization of siderophore recognition specificity. In Gram-positive bacteria, substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) bind iron-siderophore complexes and deliver them to ABC transporters for import. However, the SBPs responsible for selective recognition remain poorly characterized, hindering large-scale data mining and network reconstruction. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by systematically analyzing siderophore uptake systems, first in five representative genera and then across a comprehensive dataset of 16,232 Gram-positive genomes. Through a pipeline integrating genome mining, coevolutionary analysis, and structural modeling, we established PBP2 (Peripla_BP_2) subtype SBPs as the primary siderophore recognizer family. We revealed that, unlike the physically clustered systems in Gram-negative bacteria, synthetase and recognizer genes in Gram-positive bacteria are sometimes genomically decoupled yet display coordinated transcriptional regulation by iron-responsive transcription factors. Our findings underscore key differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative iron acquisition systems, providing foundational knowledge for large-scale inference of siderophore-mediated microbial interactions.

Impact StatementBacteria secrete siderophores to scavenge iron and import the siderophore-iron complex via specific receptors, a process that shapes microbial community dynamics. However, predicting these interactions has been challenging, because the specific siderophore receptors in Gram-positive bacteria remained largely uncharacterized. In this study, we opened this "black box" by analyzing a comprehensive dataset of 16,232 genomes spanning the majority of Gram-positive bacteria. Through coevolutionary analysis, we identified PBP2 proteins as the primary "locks" that recognize siderophore "keys." We further demonstrate that these receptors exhibit greater evolutionary flexibility than their Gram-negative counterparts, frequently decoupled genomically from siderophore biosynthesis genes yet linked by transcriptional regulation. This discovery fills a critical knowledge gap, providing the missing link needed to map the global landscape of siderophore uptake potential and enable "sequence-to-ecology" prediction of iron-interaction networks in Gram-positive bacteria.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.679136</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Co-Evolutionary Characterization of PBP2 as the Predominant Siderophore Recognizer in Diverse Gram-Positive Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.28.679072v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proton FLASH Exposure Preserves Gut Commensal Microbiomes and Spares Intestinal Stem Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.28.679072v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Emerging evidence shows Proton FLASH radiotherapy can spare normal tissues while maintaining anti-tumor efficacy. However, its impact on intestinal stem cell (ISC) populations and the gut microbiome remains unclear. This is critical, as the gut microbiome influences ISC radiosensitivity. In a mouse model of radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome, FLASH-irradiated mice exhibited better survival and less crypt-villus damage compared to mice exposed to conventional proton irradiation. Using scRNA-sequencing, we demonstrated that proton FLASH exposure using pulsed pencil beam scanning spares two distinct ISC populations--Lgr5+ CBCs and a Clu+, Mif+, Fabp2+, Anxa2+ revival stem cell (revSC) population--by modulating oxidative stress and cell cycle progression. Analysis of alpha and beta diversity demonstrated that FLASH modulates gut microbiota composition without compromising overall species richness. Notably, FLASH-irradiated mice had higher abundances of Alistipes sp. and Akkermensia sp., both known for protective effects on ISCs and the intestinal mucosa. The critical role of microbiome in FLASH-mediated sparing effect against radiation toxicity was further confirmed by fecal microbiota transplantation, where FLASH-donor microbiota demonstrated reduced lethality in recipients exposed to proton irradiation with conventional dose rate. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the microbiome in the FLASH-mediated sparing of the mucosal epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chugh, R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Setianegara, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueddig, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhanja, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rehman, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krepel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cook, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.28.679072</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proton FLASH Exposure Preserves Gut Commensal Microbiomes and Spares Intestinal Stem Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.28.679101v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enhancing protein structure prediction accuracy by prioritizing important residues using protein language models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.28.679101v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate prediction of protein tertiary structures from amino acid sequences remains a fundamental challenge in computational biology. Although AlphaFold2 represents a major advance, systematic discrepancies persist between its predictions and experimentally determined structures. Given that individual residues contribute differentially to protein function, we hypothesized that incorporating residue-specific importance metrics could improve prediction accuracy. Here, we develop i-Fold (importanceFold), an enhanced neural architecture enhances the AlphaFold2 architecture by integrating protein language model ESM-derived residue importance scores (RIS) as dynamic positional weights during training. Our approach dynamically weights amino acids using RIS during structure prediction, thereby directing computational attention toward functionally critical residues and regions. Evaluation on a benchmark test set of 3,559 protein structures reveals that i-Fold significantly improves accuracy (reduction in r.m.s.d., p = 0) and achieves a higher prediction success rate (7.6% improvement: 55.1% [-&gt;] 62.7%). Notably, i-Fold demonstrates particular improvements for targets that are typically challenging for AlphaFold2, including ribosomal proteins, membrane proteins, and orphan proteins. Consistent results were obtained on a completely independent test set of 167 recently released protein structures, where i-Fold again exhibited a higher prediction success rate (6.0% improvement: 43.7% [-&gt;] 49.7%) compared to AlphaFold2. Our findings indicate that explicit integration of RIS can advance the state-of-the-art in protein structure prediction, producing more accurate and generalizable models without substantially increasing computational cost.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>cui, q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.28.679101</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enhancing protein structure prediction accuracy by prioritizing important residues using protein language models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678806v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lifespan Trajectories of Asymmetry in White Matter Tracts 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.29.678806v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Asymmetry in white matter is believed to give rise to the brains capacity for specialized processing and is involved in the lateralization of various cognitive processes, such as language and visuo-spatial reasoning. Although studies of white matter asymmetry have been previously documented, they have often been constrained by limited age ranges, sample sizes, or the scope of the tracts and structural features examined. While normative lifespan charts for brain structures are emerging, comprehensive charts detailing white matter asymmetries across numerous pathways and diverse structural measures have been notably absent.

This study addresses this gap by leveraging a large-scale dataset of 35,120 typically developing and aging individuals, ranging from 0 to 100 years of age, from 50 primary neuroimaging studies. We generated comprehensive lifespan trajectories for 30 lateralized association and projection white matter tracts, examining 6 distinct microstructural and macrostructural features of these pathways.

Our findings reveal that: (1) asymmetries are widespread across the brains white matter and are present in all 30 pathways; (2) for a given pathway, the degree and direction of asymmetry differ between features of tissue microstructure and pathway macrostructure; (3) asymmetries vary across and within pathway types (association and projection tracts); and (4) these asymmetries are not static, following unique trajectories across the lifespan, with distinct changes during development, and a general trend of becoming more asymmetric with increasing age (particularly in later adulthood) across pathways.

This study represents the most extensive characterization of white matter asymmetry across the lifespan to date, charting how lateralization patterns emerge, mature, and change throughout life. It provides a foundational resource for understanding the principles of white matter organization from early to late life, its relation to functional specialization and inter-individual variability, and offers a key reference for interpreting deviations during healthy development and aging as well as those associated with clinical populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kanakaraj, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bogdanov, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Samir, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ramadass, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rudravaram, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Newlin, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Archer, D. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohman, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jefferson, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morgan, V. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roche, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Englot, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Resnick, S. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Held, L. L. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cutting, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barquero, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Archangel, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vinci-Booher, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cascio, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The HABS-HD Study Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>The BIOCARD Study Team,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandekar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gore, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forkel, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Landman, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schilling, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-09-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.29.678806</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lifespan Trajectories of Asymmetry in White Matter Tracts]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-09-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comprehensive benchmarking with guidelines for analyzing transposable element-derived RNA expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transposable element-derived RNAs (teRNAs) have been recognized with accelerating fundamental or pathogenic roles, especially in human. Despite the rapid development of computational methods, the best practice for accurate identification and quantification of teRNAs are currently lacking owing to the difficulties of evaluation. Here we present benchmarking of 16 representative tools with 120 simulated datasets and 60 real-world paired datasets (comprising both long- and short-read data), by evaluating the performance of teRNA identification or quantification across family-, unit-, exon-, and transcript-level. Our findings demonstrate not only the exon-level as a trade-off between accuracy and resolution for teRNA analysis, but also the level-dependent strengths and weaknesses of evaluated methods. To refine our benchmarking results, we present decision-tree-style guidelines and develop an integrated best-practice pipeline, serving as the basis for future functional researches. In addition, our evaluation framework also provides a gold standard for developing and benchmarking better computational tools in the field.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>She, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comprehensive benchmarking with guidelines for analyzing transposable element-derived RNA expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679544v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APOE4 carriers resistant to cognitive decline show unique relationships between cerebrovascular response to exercise and dual-task cognitive-balance performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679544v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BACKGROUNDEmerging research indicates cognitive dual-tasking is an early marker for cognitive impairment, with particular implications for Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers who are at higher genetic risk for Alzheimers disease. While APOE4 carriers typically show accelerated cognitive decline and impaired cerebrovascular function with aging, exceptions to this norm exist and may provide insights into resilience mechanisms. The relationship between cerebrovascular response and cognitive-motor dual-task performance in cognitively-normal APOE4 carriers who maintain preserved function remains unclear.

METHODSThirty cognitively-normal older adults (76{+/-}4 years, 8 APOE4 carriers, 22 noncarriers) completed clinical balance and cognitive testing under single-task and dual-task conditions. Balance performance was assessed as distance traversed during challenging beam walking. Cognitive performance was assessed as response time during an auditory Stroop test. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound measured cerebrovascular response to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. We tested group differences in cognitive-balance dual task performance and relationships between cerebrovascular response and dual-task interference (DTI) in balance and cognitive domains, and effects of APOE4 genotype on these relationships.

RESULTSNo differences in cerebrovascular response or dual-task performance were observed between APOE4 carriers and noncarriers. However, APOE4 carriers displayed unique cerebrovascular-behavioral relationships. In APOE4 carriers, higher cerebrovascular response to exercise was associated with less balance DTI (r=0.839, p=0.009) and less cognitive DTI (r=0.832, p=0.020), while no relationships were observed in noncarriers (p>0.187).

CONCLUSIONSCognitively-normal APOE4 carriers with preserved cognitive-balance dual-task function represent exceptions that may model aging resilience mechanisms. The unique cerebrovascular-behavioral relationships suggest that maintaining cerebrovascular function provides preliminary support for neuromotor and neurocognitive resilience to dual-task challenges in genetically vulnerable populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Palmer, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Billinger, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679544</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APOE4 carriers resistant to cognitive decline show unique relationships between cerebrovascular response to exercise and dual-task cognitive-balance performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679494v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural basis of social-categorization function of language 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679494v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Languages provide social-category markers that tag people as one or another social group. How does the brain sort words into different language categories as a basis of the social-categorization function of language? We addressed this issue by testing neural categorization of visual words of different writing systems in nine studies using electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and a repetition suppression paradigm. We showed that a neural network, including the anterior temporal, insular, orbital frontal, and ventral occipito-temporal cortices in both hemispheres, was engaged in computations of correlation distances between two words to represent intra-language similarity and inter-language difference during categorization of visual words of alphabetic and non-alphabetic languages. These processes occurred as early as 150 ms post-stimulus, recruited within-hemisphere functional connections, operated independently of words semantic meanings and pronunciations, and exhibited consistently across individuals with diverse language backgrounds. These findings highlight the neural mechanisms of language-based spontaneous neural categorization of visual words as a basis of the social-categorization function of language.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679494</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural basis of social-categorization function of language]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679563v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Adipose Tissue Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679563v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a vital coenzyme and a central factor in energy metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) maintains the cellular NAD+ pool by synthesizing the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and diminished adipocyte NAMPT activity has been implicated in aging- and obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Herein, we examined the effects of overexpressing or knocking out NAMPT in adipocytes on metabolic dysfunction and interorgan communication in mice. We generated new adipocyte-specific NAMPT overexpressing(ANOV) mice model. Male ANOV mice are protected from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction including adipose tissue inflammation, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. In contrast female ANOV mice were less protected from metabolic dysfunction, possibly due to higher endogenous expression of NAMPT in WT female mice. Livers of ANOV mice showed improved insulin signaling, increased NAD content, and reduced steatosis, suggesting that NAMPT regulates interorgan communication between adipocytes and hepatocytes. Extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from ANOV mice enhanced insulin signaling in HepG2 cells and improved glucose tolerance in WT obese mice. In contrast, EV from ANKO mice suppressed HepG2 insulin signaling and inhibition of EV release improved glucose tolerance in ANKO female mice. Collectively, these data highlight a novel mechanism by which adipocyte NAD+ metabolism regulates systemic metabolic dysfunction via EVs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ferguson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gadson, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Markan, K. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshino, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Habibi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tiash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kouranova, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kealing, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pietka, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liss, K. H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patti, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finck, B. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crewe, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679563</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Adipose Tissue Overexpression of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679604v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 equipoises trophoblast development to prevent early pregnancy loss 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.30.679604v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract1-2% of all human pregnancies suffer from idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and underlying molecular causes are poorly understood. Here we show that defective Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) function in trophoblast progenitors is a molecular cause for early pregnancy failure. PRMT1 is conserved in trophoblast progenitors and conditional deletion of PRMT1 in mouse trophoblast progenitors arrests placenta and embryonic development leading to lethality [~]E7.5. Remarkably, a subset of idiopathic RPL is associated with loss of PRMT1 in cytotrophoblast progenitors (CTBs). Experiments with human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs), derived from these RPL-patients as well as PRMT1-depleted hTSCs revealed that PRMT1 is crucial for trophoblast progenitors self-renewal. Employing RNA-seq and CUT&RUN-sequencing in hTSCs, CTBs and primary mouse trophoblast progenitors we discover that PRMT1 promotes transcription of trophoblast stem-state regulators, like TEAD4 and MYBL2, by directly enriching histone H4 arginine 3 asymmetric di-methylation (H4R3Me2a) at their chromatin loci. PRMT1 is also essential for extravillous trophoblast (EVT) development during human placentation, while loss of PRMT1 in hTSCs spontaneously promotes syncytiotrophoblast (STB) differentiation. Our findings indicate that PRMT1 is an epigenetic governor that orchestrates mammalian trophoblast development and implicate the therapeutic potential of targeting the PRMT1-H4R3Me2a axis to mitigate early pregnancy loss.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dasgupta, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kumar, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niloy, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>VALLAKATI, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.09.30.679604</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 equipoises trophoblast development to prevent early pregnancy loss]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679889v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Association of cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction with amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease and patient-derived cerebral organoids 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.01.679889v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Patients with Alzheimers disease (AD) demonstrate brain mitochondrial dysfunction and energy deficiency that are closely associated with cognitive impairment. Cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), also known as mitochondrial complex IV, is the terminal enzyme in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Consistent with the pivotal role of CCO in mitochondrial bioenergetics and high demand for energy to sustain neuronal function, CCO dysfunction has been linked to neurological disorders including AD. However, it remains unclear whether mitochondrial CCO dysfunction represents an adaptive response to AD-associated toxic molecules versus a bona fide pathology to promote AD development. In this study, by meta-analysis of publicly available proteomics analysis of post-mortem frontal lobe tissues from four large cohorts of patients with AD we identified loss of key CCO subunits including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded COX1 and COX3 as well as nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded COX5A, COX6B1, COX7C, COX8A, and NDUFA4 in patients with AD. Further biochemical analysis using post-mortem frontal lobe tissues showed lowered CCO activity of neuronal mitochondria from patients with AD, suggesting CCO vulnerability and its potential association with amyloidosis in AD. Lastly, in addition to the inverse relationship between neuronal CCO activity and brain amyloidosis in the tested AD cohort, pharmacological inhibition of CCO promoted amyloid production and elevated beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity in cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from one nonAD and one AD subject. The simplest interpretation of the results is that CCO dysfunction in the frontal lobe is a phenotypic mitochondrial change accompanying AD, which may contribute to the development of brain amyloidosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashraf, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.01.679889</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Association of cytochrome c oxidase dysfunction with amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease and patient-derived cerebral organoids]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.679237v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PM2.5 Exposure Facilitates SARS-CoV-2 Infection through ACE2/TMPRSS2 Regulation and Suppression of Anti-Viral Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.679237v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEpidemiological studies suggest an interaction between air pollution including particulate matter <2.5 {micro}m (PM2.5) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality and morbidity; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of PM2.5 on viability, epithelial integrity, and cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 into airway epithelial cells, and the mechanisms involved.

MethodsWe exposed Calu-3 airway epithelial cell cultures to PM2.5 (10, 50, and100 {micro}g/ml) and SARS-CoV-2 (MOI 0.01) for 24 h. The viability of Calu-3 cells and epithelial barrier integrity were determined using MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining for Zonula Occludens-1, respectively. mRNA expression for viral entry-related genes such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)2 and transmembrane protease, serine (TMPRSS)2, and inflammatory and inflammasomal genes, including interleukin (IL)-8,IL-6, nuclear factor (NF)-{kappa}B p65 (RELA), JNK, c-JUN, Caspase-1, IL-1{beta}, NLRP3, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Intracellular viral spike protein intensity and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) expression were determined using immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR, respectively. ELISA was used to analyze the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, and GM-CSF).

ResultsHigher concentrations of 100{micro}g/ml PM2.5 decreased Calu-3 cell viability (p=0.02) and deteriorated epithelial barrier integrity, while 50 {micro}g/ml of PM2.5 (p<0.01) induced mRNA expression for ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Although PM2.5 alone decreased c-JUN, it did not alter the expression of mRNA for JNK and RELA. In contrast, a combination of SARS-CoV-2 and PM2.5 led to a significant increase in mRNA for both JNK and RELA (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and attenuated c-JUN expression. Moreover, our results indicated an increase in the expression of IL-1{beta}, IL-6, and GM-CSF following exposure to PM2.5 and PM2.5 + SARS-CoV-2, whereas IL-8 was induced only by SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Co-incubation of Calu-3 cells with PM2.5 and SARS-CoV-2 leads to a decrease in IL-8, IL-1{beta}, Caspase-1 (CASP-1), and Interferon gamma (IFNG) expression. Finally, the viral load (RdRP) also increased in the presence of both PM2.5 and the SARS-CoV-2 group.

ConclusionOur findings have demonstrated that PM2.5 impaired epithelial integrity and cell viability, whereas it increased the mRNA expression for ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and induced inflammatory changes in Calu-3 cells incubated with SARS-CoV-2. These findings suggest that PM2.5 can facilitate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into airway epithelial cells, and that both PM2.5 and SARS-CoV-2 can decrease the inflammatory and antiviral responses of the host cell.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Rajabi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayalar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Esken, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Can, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.02.679237</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PM2.5 Exposure Facilitates SARS-CoV-2 Infection through ACE2/TMPRSS2 Regulation and Suppression of Anti-Viral Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680113v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Critical and Unexpected Role of a Methyl Group in Interleukin-17A Inhibitors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.02.680113v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine primarily secreted by Th17 cells. It plays a crucial role in the bodys immune defense against fungal and bacterial pathogens. However, an imbalance in IL-17 production can contribute to the development of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17, such as blocking antibodies like secukinumab (Cosentyx), have been successfully developed. These antibodies are currently employed in the treatment of various conditions, including psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. More recently, a small molecule inhibitor of IL-17, LY3509754, progressed to clinical trials but was halted during Phase 1 due to unfavorable hepatotoxicity. Two derivatives, compounds 7 and 8, did not advance to clinical trials due to safety concerns. These three compounds (7, 8, and the original lead compound, presumably implied) share a common difluoro substituent, which was hypothesized to be the cause of the observed safety issues. In subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, replacing the difluoro substituent with a single methyl group (resulting in compound 9) unexpectedly led to a significant improvement in cellular activity. Furthermore, compound 9 exhibited a very low unbound fraction and reduced liver distribution, ultimately translating to high in vivo efficacy with a sufficient safety margin. This seemingly minor methyl substitution transformed the compound into a highly promising preclinical candidate (compound 9), now slated for further development. Co-development inquiries are welcome. Please contact us at enan1@dcpc.com.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=76 SRC="FIGDIR/small/680113v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.02.680113</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Critical and Unexpected Role of a Methyl Group in Interleukin-17A Inhibitors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680299v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A GPCR signaling pathway in insect odor detection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680299v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Odor detection differs fundamentally in vertebrates, which use G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)1,2, and insects, which employ ion channels3,4. Here, we report the first evidence for a GPCR defining tuning properties of insect olfactory sensory neurons. Single-cell transcriptomics of the Drosophila melanogaster antenna identified selective expression of the G{gamma}30A subunit in acid-sensing Ir64a-DC4 neurons5,6. G{gamma}30A is essential for broadening responses to long-chain acids, acting with Gs, G{beta}13F, adenylate cyclase Ac13E and the Cngl channel. We further discovered that Cirl, a latrophilin-family GPCR7, is broadly-transcribed in the antenna but the protein is localized only in Ir64a-DC4 sensory cilia, dependent upon G{gamma}30A, but not Ir64a. Importantly, loss of Cirl also narrows Ir64a-DC4 tuning properties. Homologous neurons in Drosophila sechellia naturally exhibit narrow acid tuning, despite functional conservation of Ir64a; these differences correlate instead with lower expression of metabotropic components. Our findings reveal unexpected roles for GPCR/metabotropic signaling in olfactory detection and divergence in insects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Takagi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abuin, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mermet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benton, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680299</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A GPCR signaling pathway in insect odor detection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680308v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
TWIST1 Modulates Cilia Length, Endocytic Vesicle Dynamics, and Cell-Cell Junctions during Neural Tube Morphogenesis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.03.680308v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEndocytosis constitutes a fundamental cellular process governing development through coordinated regulation of plasma membrane remodeling and ciliogenesis, processes essential for cell shape changes and embryonic development. Although Twist1 null embryos display complete cranial neural tube closure defects and conditional knockout in neuroectoderm disrupts cranial neural crest cell fate determination and delamination, the function of TWIST1 in neural tube morphogenesis remains unknown. We investigated the basis underlying neuroectodermal morphological abnormalities in TWIST1 mutant embryos, specifically the formation of ectopic lateral bending points and cellular disorganization, by examining TWIST1 function in cilia formation, adherens junction integrity, and endocytic vesicle dynamics.

ResultsImmunofluorescence analysis revealed that cytosolic TWIST1 colocalizes with {beta}-catenin and endocytic regulators LRP2 and RAB11B along the apical surface of cranial neuroectoderm. Twist1 knockout resulted in reduced ciliary length and number. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated upregulation of RAB11B and {beta}-catenin at mRNA and protein levels in Twist1 mutants. This molecular dysregulation coincided with increased accumulation of apical endocytic vesicles and altered expression profiles of endocytic component genes, ultimately modifying the apical neuroectodermal cell-cell junctions.

ConclusionOur findings establish TWIST1 as a regulator of neuroectodermal morphology, demonstrating its ability to modulate ciliogenesis, endocytic vesicle dynamics, and cell-cell integrity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Thomas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lalwani, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pham, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmeniawi, M. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fakhouri, W. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.03.680308</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[TWIST1 Modulates Cilia Length, Endocytic Vesicle Dynamics, and Cell-Cell Junctions during Neural Tube Morphogenesis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680681v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
E- and N-cadherin drive hepatic polarity and lumen elongation via opposing effects on RhoA activity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680681v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hepatocytes exhibit distinct polarity, forming narrow apical tubes (bile canaliculi, BCs) between adjacent cells. These structures essential to liver architecture and function. Unlike most epithelial cells, hepatocytes express both E- and N-cadherin but their functions and mechanisms remain unknown. We show that E- and N-cadherin are collectively required for hepatic polarity and BC formation but act through distinct, spatially segregated pathways. Both localize to adherens junctions; E-cadherin additionally localizes to lateral membranes and the cleavage furrow during cell division, where it promotes BC elongation and new cell-cell contact formation by controlling spindle orientation and RhoA activation via NuMA and ARHGEF17. N-cadherin maintains hepatic polarity by facilitating RhoA inactivation through the p120-catenin family member ARVCF and its partner p190B/ARHGAP5. Thus, dual cadherin expression drives hepatic polarity and BC formation by controlling RhoA activity in a coordinated but opposing manner.

SummaryHayase et al. show that E-cadherin promotes bile canaliculi elongation via RhoA activation and oriented cell division, while N-cadherin maintains hepatic polarity by suppressing RhoA, revealing the function and mechanism of dual cadherin expression in hepatocytes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hayase, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680681</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[E- and N-cadherin drive hepatic polarity and lumen elongation via opposing effects on RhoA activity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680429v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Islet-intrinsic sex differences in inflammatory signaling contribute to autoimmune diabetes susceptibility 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680429v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whereas most autoimmune diseases exhibit female predominance, type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs more frequently in males after puberty, suggesting a role for sex hormones in disease modification. Because islet {beta} cells actively shape local immune responses, we hypothesized that sex-specific islet responses to inflammation contribute to this disparity. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of human islets from male and female donors, we found that male islets exhibit a more aggressive response to proinflammatory cytokines, characterized by greater induction of interferon signaling and suppression of developmental signaling compared to female islets. Treatment of human islets and mouse {beta} cells with the sex hormone 17{beta}-estradiol (E2) suppressed inflammatory signaling and markers of {beta}-cell maturity while enhancing developmental gene programs. Complementary studies in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice showed that E2 treatment reduces diabetes incidence and limits progression to severe insulitis. Islet single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that E2 treatment of NOD mice suppresses interferon signaling, chemokine production, and antigen presentation in {beta} cells, while reducing activation and cytotoxicity pathways in immune cells. In co-culture studies in vitro, E2 pretreatment of mouse islets reduces subsequent activation of T cells, and in an aggressive adoptive transfer model in vivo, E2 pretreatment of the recipient mice was found to attenuate hyperglycemia. These findings support a model in which E2-mediated {beta}-cell reprogramming reduces {beta}-cell immunogenicity and promotes local immune tolerance, offering mechanistic insight into sex-biased T1D susceptibility.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puente, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Enriquez, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sarkar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nakayasu, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Webb-Robertson, B.-J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bramer, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Figatner, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pratuangtham, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans-Molina, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Piganelli, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammes, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tersey, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirmira, R. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680429</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Islet-intrinsic sex differences in inflammatory signaling contribute to autoimmune diabetes susceptibility]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680667v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Human brains construct individualized global rankings from identical few-shot local learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.06.680667v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ranking--a ubiquitous relational structure--enables humans to organize complex information and overcome cognitive load, yet in real-world settings it is often inferred from sparse, few-shot learning of local pairwise relationships. How the human brain performs relational inference under such limited evidence remains unknown. We hypothesized that under few-shot learning, relational inference is shaped by inductive biases, such that individuals actively impose structured global relationships--often idiosyncratic--to constrain and unify limited local information. In a preregistered behavioral study combined with magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings, we show that even after identical few-shot local pair learning, individuals construct stable and self-consistent, yet idiosyncratic, global rankings that diverge from the ground-truth order--a phenomenon not readily explained by classical computational models of transitive inference. MEG recordings further reveal that frontoparietal neural representations are reorganized to reflect each individuals subjective ranking rather than those of others. Together, these findings highlight the constructive and generative nature of human cognition: under sparse samples and limited computational resources, the human brain actively infers and imposes relational structure.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.06.680667</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Human brains construct individualized global rankings from identical few-shot local learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680951v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Genome-Based Pipeline for Digital Siderophore Typing in Pseudomonas Iron-Interaction Network 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.07.680951v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Siderophores are key mediators of microbial interactions, especially in iron-limited environments. While traditional experimental methods for siderophore typing are time-consuming and low-throughput, we present a genome-based pipeline for high-throughput digital siderophore typing in Pseudomonas. Our approach integrates profile Hidden Markov Models (pHMMs), substrate-specific motif identification, and co-evolutionary analysis to predict both the structure of pyoverdines and their corresponding uptake receptors from any given Pseudomonas genome. By this approach, we developed pHMM from 94 previously defined receptor groups and validated their accuracy and robustness across 14,230 Pseudomonas genomes. Application of our method to this large dataset demonstrated the potential of our algorithm for identifying both novel "lock-key" receptor groups and previously uncharacterized pyoverdine structures. Notably, our pipeline corrected long-term misclassifications in classical strains and proposed a new reference for the canonical Group III pyoverdine. Furthermore, interaction network analysis supports the observation of distinct siderophore utilization patterns between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. This standardized, user-friendly platform offers a robust tool for annotating siderophore behaviors in Pseudomonas and demonstrates the potential of digital siderophore typing in exploring iron-mediated ecology across microbes.

Impact statementIron is vital for microbes. In most environments, they secrete diverse siderophores to scavenge iron. The types of siderophores a strain produces and uptakes shape its interactions, from cooperation to cheating and competition; characterizing this is called "siderophore typing." While traditional methods are limited by experimental capacities, our genome-based digital pipeline revolutionizes the process by predicting siderophore structures and receptor types directly from genomes, enabling large-scale analysis of 14,230 Pseudomonas strains. The results reveal novel groups, correct historical misclassifications, and link patterns to pathogenicity, providing a standardized software for ecological studies, antibiotic design, and bioremediation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, L. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.07.680951</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Genome-Based Pipeline for Digital Siderophore Typing in Pseudomonas Iron-Interaction Network]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Finding the perfect promoter: Correlating single-cell transcriptome data with gene drive performance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive can control pathogen transmission or suppress vector populations by spreading drive alleles with super-Mendelian inheritance. CRISPR homing drive currently represents the most powerful type, and regulating Cas9 expression with specific promoters has been effective for improving drive performance. However, selecting these is often a major challenge. Here, we evaluated 35 Cas9 constructs driven by distinct promoters in different gene drive systems and identified associations between drive performance and single-cell RNA expression patterns of the promoter-associated genes. Our results indicate that higher drive conversion is significantly associated with elevated expression of the promoter-associated gene in the respective reproductive cells, but embryo resistance allele formation correlates with excessive female germline expression. For males, early germline expression produces superior performance. Thus, we find that optimal drive performance requires restricting Cas9 expression to a tight quantitative and spatiotemporal window. In addition, found that in situ integrated rhino-Cas9 constructs significantly reduce somatic expression, underscoring the importance of genomic locus. On the basis of these results, we propose criteria for selecting promoters, providing a theoretical rationale and practical guidance for optimization of promoter elements in homing gene drive systems.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Finding the perfect promoter: Correlating single-cell transcriptome data with gene drive performance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PPARG directs trophoblast cell fate and establishment of the uterine-placental interface 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The expansion and differentiation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells are critical for defining fundamental properties of the placenta. Specialized trophoblast cells exit the placenta and enter and transform the uterus, including restructuring uterine spiral arteries. In the human these cells are named extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells, whereas in the rat they are termed invasive trophoblast cells. Mechanisms governing invasive trophoblast cell differentiation remain poorly understood. We investigated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) as a potential regulator of EVT/invasive trophoblast cell development. In first trimester human placentas, PPARG was expressed in the EVT cell column and increased in amount as human TS cells differentiated into EVT cells. PPARG disruption impaired EVT cell differentiation. Rat invasive trophoblast cells similarly expressed PPARG. Conditional inactivation of PPARG within rat invasive trophoblast cells was used to assess the in vivo role of PPARG on the uterine-placental interface. PPARG was established as an essential cell-autonomous regulator of the invasive trophoblast cells. In conclusion, PPARG is a conserved regulator of placentation and is essential for directing trophoblast cell-guided uterine transformation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dominguez, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Irusta, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>IQBAL, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Finlinson, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parrish, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Okae, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arima, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tuteja, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soares, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PPARG directs trophoblast cell fate and establishment of the uterine-placental interface]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681221v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A family of lethal exotoxins defined by cell entry via the Attractin receptor 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681221v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although bacterial genomes encode numerous potential toxins, it is unclear how evolution drives the specificity of these important virulence factors. Using an insect CRISPR screen, we identified the transmembrane protein Attractin (ATRN) as the receptor for Nigritoxin (Ntx), a Vibrio toxin that causes seasonal shrimp pandemics. We found that Ntxs effector "warhead" inhibits translation via a previously uncharacterized mechanism. Moreover, we show that two related toxins require ATRN for entry but possess unrelated effector domains. One has a Rho-GTPase AMPylation function and the other an actin-targeting/proteolysis function. Our findings reveal the mechanism of Ntx entry and toxicity and show that the ATRN-targeting domain can deliver disparate effector domains, strongly indicating that this class of exotoxins can evolve as modular proteins using a common entry domain.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Viswanatha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robins, W. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mameli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, A.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashmi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishida, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prakash, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butnaru, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Churchman, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohr, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekalanos, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perrimon, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681221</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A family of lethal exotoxins defined by cell entry via the Attractin receptor]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681148v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Amelioration of symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease after selective impairment of p75NTR function in adult forebrainexcitatory neurons 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.08.681148v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) contributes to the development of Alzheimers Disease (AD) pathology by enhancing amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and amyloid plaque formation. However, the cell type-specific and temporal roles of p75NTR in AD progression remain unclear. Here, we report that conditional knock-in of functionally impaired p75NTR variants lacking the death domain ({Delta}DD) or transmembrane Cys259 (C259A) specifically in forebrain excitatory neurons of 5xFAD mice significantly attenuated multiple AD-associated pathologies, including amyloid plaque accumulation, gliosis, neurite dystrophy, as well as learning and memory deficits. Hippocampal amyloid plaque burden was reduced to levels comparable to those found in whole-body knock-in mice. Strikingly, delaying introduction of p75NTR variants until advanced disease stages produced comparable beneficial effects, and rescued behavior performance in cognitively impaired animals. These findings suggest that blunting p75NTR function can have beneficial effects even during symptomatic stages of AD, offering a potential therapeutic approach complementary to passive vaccination.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.08.681148</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Amelioration of symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease after selective impairment of p75NTR function in adult forebrainexcitatory neurons]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682547v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Androgen Receptor and MYC synergise to modulate the synthesis of Siglec-7 ligands in prostate cancer 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682547v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Glyco-immune checkpoints have recently been shown to be critical mediators of immunotherapy resistance across multiple cancer types. In clinical trials, immunotherapeutic treatments for prostate cancer have failed to elicit durable clinical responses. PCa progression is driven by transcriptional networks regulated by key transcription factors including the androgen receptor (AR) and the oncogene MYC. How this crossover between hormone and oncogene-driven signalling pathways regulates tumour glyco-immune checkpoints remains unclear. Here, we show that O-glycans are the major substrates for sialylation in prostate cancer and that sialyltransferases that have preferences for O-glycans are differentially regulated by androgens. We show that supraphysiological levels of androgens produce distinct glycopeptide profiles in prostate cancer cells compared with cells exposed to physiological androgens. Additionally, we identify a direct and coordinated role for AR and MYC in regulating ST3Gal1 and the synthesis of Siglec-7 ligands in prostate cancer. Both transcription factors converge to repress ST3GAL1, thereby limiting the generation of Siglec-7 ligands. These findings highlight a context-dependent, cooperative relationship between the AR and MYC in shaping the tumour sialome, linking hormonal signalling and oncogenic transcription to Siglec biology. Our study highlights how cell-type specific differences in transcriptional networks has important downstream effects for immune modulating glycans and has tumour specific clinical implications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Duxfield, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garnham, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hutton, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dowle, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wills, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luzzi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nelson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lishman-Walker, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Buskin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hepburn, A. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekoglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maloney-Friar, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frame, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maitland, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hedley, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Henderson, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCullough, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gowardhan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sahadevan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCracken, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gaughan, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robson, C. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coffey, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lack, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Signoret, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fascione, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682547</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Androgen Receptor and MYC synergise to modulate the synthesis of Siglec-7 ligands in prostate cancer]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682714v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
3' Nucleotide Asymmetry Directs miRNA Strand Selection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.15.682714v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Accurate microRNA (miRNA) strand selection is essential for defining the regulatory landscape of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). While 5' nucleotide identity and duplex thermodynamics have been proposed to bias strand choice, these features cannot fully explain in vivo strand preferences. Here, we uncover a conserved and previously unrecognized role for 3' nucleotide asymmetry in directing miRNA strand selection in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells. A favorable 3' terminal nucleotide on the passenger strand promotes selective loading of the opposing guide strand into miRISC, revealing a cooperative interplay between 5' and 3' terminal asymmetries that ensures precise strand discrimination. These findings establish a unified, evolutionarily conserved mechanism for miRNA duplex sorting and expand the fundamental rules governing small RNA biogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Medley, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kurosu Moriya, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ouyang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawshaw, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Panzade, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydzyik, W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sydzyik, J. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhandari, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hammell, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zinovyeva, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.15.682714</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[3' Nucleotide Asymmetry Directs miRNA Strand Selection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683039v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Novel Unorthodox Dimeric Primary Enoyl-CoA Reductase Structure 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683039v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Enoyl-CoA carboxylases/reductases (ECRs) are enzymes with the fastest carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation capabilities, yet the precise mechanisms behind their assembly and catalytic activity are structurally not yet fully understood. Here, we employed cryo X-ray crystallography to reveal the dimeric structural organization of a novel ECR, isolated from mesophilic Mesorhizobium metallidurans (M. metallidurans). We examined the interactions in silico and compared oligomerization of our dimeric ECR from M. metallidurans (ECRMm_Dim) with tetrameric ECR from Burkholderia ambifaria (ECRBa_Tet)by using size exclusion chromatography in solution. Our in silico analysis revealed that specific residues in the M. metallidurans ECR that preclude tetramer formation, which could affect the enzymes catalytic activity. Additionally, we compared primary ECR sequences and structural variations between K. setae and M. metallidurans to explore their evolutionary relationships, along with their functional diversity. Our study presents the first example of a dimeric ECR structure which may provide new insights into how dimerization versus tetramerization may have an impact on catalytic function. By detailing how different oligomeric states influence enzyme activity and exploring active site conformational changes, we may offer a further understanding of ECR assembly. This work paves the way for future research into the precise molecular mechanisms that drive ECRs exceptional overall catalytic activity, efficiency and efficacy.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kulakman, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoshikun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wakatsuki, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeMirci, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683039</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Novel Unorthodox Dimeric Primary Enoyl-CoA Reductase Structure]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A systematic comparison of cooperation and coordination across behavioural, psychological, and neural scales 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cooperation and coordination are the two fundamental mechanisms for enhancing social welfare. However, the intrinsic differences between the dynamics of cooperation and coordination remain elusive, particularly from an interpretable perspective that bridges behavioural, psychological, and neural scales. Here, we compare and analyze cooperation and coordination within a unified framework by assigning participants to an adjustable public goods game for iterated real-time interactions. By integrating model-free behavioural patterns and psychological intentions, we show that individuals are driven by increased flexibility and are more susceptible to peer influence in decision-making under cooperation. While under coordination, it is easier to reach the group consensus, inspiring individuals to stick more closely to their existing behavioural patterns and the  default social norms. Furthermore, although peer punishment can enhance reciprocal contributions in all scenarios, the detailed impact and the resultant adverse phenomena (anti-social punishment) in cooperation and coordination are different. Notably, behavioural motive differences are also reflected in the neural responses recorded via fNIRS, in which coordination is associated with activation of the rTPJ and more consistent inter-brain synchronization in the dmPFC, while there is a negative correlation between dmPFC-rTPJ connectivity and contributions under cooperation. In addition, rTPJ during the punishment phase is significantly activated compared with the investment phase. Our study systematically reveals the fundamental differences between cooperation and coordination at the multi-scale levels, which not only deepens the understanding of reciprocal behaviour in social groups, but also provides a foundation for designing targeted incentive mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>tang, s.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A systematic comparison of cooperation and coordination across behavioural, psychological, and neural scales]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683134v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Impact of a Western Diet with High Salt on Metabolic Outcomes in Male C57bl/6J Mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683134v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveThe Western diet promotes obesity and metabolic disease by increasing caloric intake and systemic inflammation. The typical Western diet is high in saturated fats, sugars, and salt. In pre-clinical rodent studies, the "Western" diet (also called the high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS)) is high in saturated fats and sugars (typically sucrose) but low in salt (<1% salt). As such, we sought investigate the impact of a chronic 3% NaCl Western diet (high-fat, high-sucrose + high salt (HFHS + Salt)) diet on systemic organ metabolism, liver mitochondrial function, and adipose tissue.

MethodsThirty-six 8 week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), a HFHS, or a HFHS + Salt diet for 16 weeks. Body weight, body composition, and food intake were monitored weekly. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin concentrations were measured after 8 weeks of diet intervention to assess glucose and insulin homeostasis. Mice were euthanized at 16 weeks for liver mitochondrial respiration and tissue analysis.

ResultsOver 16 weeks, the HFHS fed group gained significantly more weight than the other diet groups. Liver weights were similar in LFD and HFHS + Salt groups but higher in the HFHS group. Liver triglycerides (TAGs) were also similar between LFD and HFHS + Salt groups, while HFHS had elevated liver TAGs. Inguinal and brown adipose tissue depots were larger in both HFHS and HFHS + Salt vs. LFD. Surprisingly, the gonadal adipose tissue was significantly larger in the HFHS + Salt compared to HFHS and LFD groups - suggesting that a HFHS + Salt exacerbates gonadal adipose expansion more than typical rodent HFHS. Paradoxically, the addition of salt appears to have dampened expression of inflammation related genes (Ccl2 & Adgre1) in adipose tissue compared to HFHS alone. Metabolically, the HFHS+ Salt fed mice showed the highest glucose intolerance, followed by HFHS and then LFD groups. Liver mitochondrial respiration, assessed by changing ATP/ADP ratios, showed the HFHS group with the highest oxygen consumption, followed by HFHS + Salt, then LFD groups, highlighting differences in respiration with additional salt (HFHS vs HFHS + Salt).

ConclusionWhile the excess salt mitigated some HFHS effects on weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation, it exacerbated gonadal adipose expansion and impaired glucose tolerance. HFHS increased mitochondrial respiration, but salt addition appeared to dampen this effect. Dietary salt, within a high-fat/high-sucrose context, has differential impacts on metabolic outcomes compared to HFHS alone, underscoring the need for further research to fully understand how Western diets (high-fat, high-sucrose, and high salt) impact all aspects of metabolic health.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ponte, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Prom, J. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yerrathota, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Devkota, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ha, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683134</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Impact of a Western Diet with High Salt on Metabolic Outcomes in Male C57bl/6J Mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683009v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protein large language model assisted one-to-one gene homology mapping in cross-species single-cell transcriptome integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683009v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cross-species integration of single-cell transcriptomes requires establishing gene correspondences to enable comparative analysis of expression profiles across organisms. Current approaches predominantly rely on Ensembl homology tables, whose default many-to-many mappings often amplify gene-family effects and introduce artifactual micro-clusters that lack clear cell-type identity, thereby complicating biological interpretation. While restricting mappings to a one-to-one scheme suppresses such artifacts, it reduces the number of homology gene pairs by approximately 8% ([~]900 pairs). To address this limitation, we developed a protein large language model (pLLM)-based gene homology mapping strategy that boosts the number of homology gene pairs. By integrating pLLM-derived representations with sequence similarity, we constructed a fused mapping approach, which achieved top performance in a comprehensive benchmark based on a curated cross-species atlas--spanning nine datasets, 11 species, and over 3.2 million cells. Our method further identifies previously unannotated cell-type marker pairs, facilitating novel cross-species marker discovery. These results establish a robust framework for gene homology mapping in cross-species transcriptome integration, improving both accuracy and biological interpretability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kuang, Z.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683009</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protein large language model assisted one-to-one gene homology mapping in cross-species single-cell transcriptome integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683051v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Divergent roles of DNA methylation, TRIM28, and p53 surveillance in human embryonic and trophoblast stem cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683051v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcriptional regulation of transposons and genes by TRIM28 and 5mC is critical for proper mammalian embryonic development, but the specific roles for these mediators in human embryonic and placental lineage remain unclear. We find that loss of TRIM28 has a limited effect on global transposon expression and instead results in upregulation of genes proximal to TRIM28-bound Long Terminal Repeats (LTRs) in both human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). MER11A elements show especially strong regulatory importance in hTSCs: these elements are bound by both TRIM28 and placental transcription factors and show both heterochromatic and euchromatic features. Some genes are positively regulated by MER11A elements in hTSC basal state, while other MER11A-proximal genes show upregulation only upon TRIM28 deletion. By contrast, loss of DNA methylation in hESCs or hTSCs leads to a global increase in transposon expression. While many genic 5mC targets are shared in hESCs and hTSCs, we also observe evidence that a handful of genes important for somatic development are repressed by 5mC in trophoblast, while a small parallel set of placental genes are repressed by methylation in embryonic tissue. Interestingly, loss of DNMT1 causes hESCs to be rapidly lost from culture in a TP53 and mitotic surveillance checkpoint-dependent manner, while hTSCs show little p53 response to DNMT1 loss or DNA damage generally, instead showing gradual mitotic defects and aneuploidy and slow loss from culture. This discrepancy may explain the higher frequency of karyotypic abnormality found in human placental cells. Together, this study charts the role of TRIM28 and DNA methylation in regulating embryonic and placental transcription and demonstrates divergent p53-dependent responses to genomic instability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pastor, W. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saini, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, S. G. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ireland, T. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ray, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niloy, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mazloomnejad, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetrici, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cinkornpumin, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sack, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duhamel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slim, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frost, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paul, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin, R. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683051</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Divergent roles of DNA methylation, TRIM28, and p53 surveillance in human embryonic and trophoblast stem cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Predicting SARS-CoV-2 evolution dynamics with spatiotemporal resolution by DMS-empowered protein language model 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.17.683094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Early identification of emerging dominant SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential for effective pandemic preparedness, yet existing methodologies face significant limitations. Experimental characterizations are costly and not feasible for real-time surveillance, whereas existing computational approaches cannot achieve satisfactory precision in predicting future dominant lineages and fail to capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of fitness under evolving host immune pressures. Here, we introduce DeepCoV (DMS-Empowered Evolution Prediction of CoronaVirus), a deep-learning framework for the dynamic identification of novel variants with high potential to become prevelent. It integrates deep mutational scanning (DMS)-derived mutation phenotypes with epidemiological surveillence data reflecting historical viral evolution and the dynamic fitness landscape. DeepCoV accurately forecasted the dominance of recently circulating lineages a month in advance, achieving a 90% reduction in false discovery rate while capturing temporal and geographic dynamics of variant spread and reconstructing their regional prevalence trajectories. Moreover, DeepCoV identified mutational hotspots of Omicron-derived backbones in silico, revealing convergent evolution trends. This scalable solution enables timely identification of immune-evasive variants and prospective alert of critical mutations, providing actionable insights for vaccine updates and pandemic surveillance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.17.683094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Predicting SARS-CoV-2 evolution dynamics with spatiotemporal resolution by DMS-empowered protein language model]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683331v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RNA viruses in water shape the viromes of shrimp and fish in aquaculture systems 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.19.683331v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aquatic environments host immense RNA viral diversity, yet the extent to which waterborne viruses influence the virome of aquatic animals remains unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive longitudinal metatranscriptomic analysis of water, shrimp, and fish across multiple culture stages in aquaculture systems. We identified 3,211 RNA viruses spanning 21 viral supergroups, with 97.4% representing novel species. Water exhibited the greatest viral diversity (3,093 species), followed by shrimp (1,280) and fish (398), with most viruses detected in shrimp and fish also detected in water. Diversity analyses revealed increasing richness and significant compositional shifts in 92 high-abundance viruses (>1,000 RPM) across culture stages. Viral abundance in aquatic animals was strongly correlated with that in water, and the temporal trajectories of the 16 most abundant viruses were closely synchronized between water and shrimp. Furthermore, 337 virus species were shared among shrimp and two fish species, of which 309 were present in water. These findings demonstrated that RNA viruses in water shape the composition and dynamics of aquatic animal viromes, underscoring the importance of water virome surveillance and management for disease prevention in shrimp aquaculture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xing, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.19.683331</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RNA viruses in water shape the viromes of shrimp and fish in aquaculture systems]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HLA-DQ2/8 genotype imprints strain-level gut microbiome and constrains pantothenate availability in healthy adults 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
ObjectiveTo determine whether HLA-DQ2/8 genotype shapes the human microbiome at strain and functional levels, and whether such effects relate to systemic metabolism and clinical phenotypes in healthy adults.

DesignWe analyzed 60 young adults stratified by HLA-DQ2/8 status (28 carriers, 32 non-carriers). Over 8 weeks, we collected fecal and salivary metagenomes, serum metabolomes, dietary records, and clinical phenotypes. We combined species-level and strain-level analyses of microbiome composition and function, HLA class II binding predictions of microbial gene products, and structural modeling of HLA-DQ- microbial peptide complexes.

ResultsHLA-DQ2/8 carriers showed higher gut microbial -diversity, elevated Gut Microbiome Health Index, and fewer virulence genes. Gut species composition differed significantly by genotype (PERMANOVA p<0.01), and species-level profiles predicted genotype with high accuracy (LASSO AUC=0.90). Strain-level divergence was identified in 15 gut species, with functional specialization in peptidoglycan, indole, and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathways; Blautia obeum was the principal contributor to CoA-related differences. At the gene level, GO enrichment highlighted membrane-associated processes across gut and saliva, suggesting adaptation at the host-microbe interface. Microbial genes with predicted HLA-DQ binding occurred at lower prevalence than non-binders, and AlphaFold3 modeling confirmed haplotype-specific microbial peptide-HLA interactions. Serum metabolomics revealed lower pantothenate in carriers, with reduced HDL-cholesterol, heart rate, neutrophil and basophil counts; HDL-cholesterol correlated positively with pantothenate.

ConclusionsHLA-DQ2/8 genotype is associated with the adult microbiome at strain and functional levels through antigen-presentation-mediated selection, with systemic signatures in vitamin B5/CoA metabolism and HDL-cholesterol. These findings reveal a genotype- microbiome-host axis in health and motivate larger, multi-ethnic cohorts.

Significance of this studyO_ST_ABSWhat is already known on this subject?C_ST_ABSO_LIHLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes are established genetic risk factors for autoimmune diseases.
C_LIO_LIHost HLA-DQ2/8 can influence gut microbiota in early life.
C_LIO_LIAdult, strain-level and functional microbiome effects of HLA-DQ2/8 are rarely known.
C_LI

What are the new findings?O_LIIn healthy adults, DQ2/8 genotype shapes gut microbiome composition and function more than age/BMI, enabling accurate genotype classification from species profiles.
C_LIO_LIDQ2/8 carriers show higher -diversity and a healthier microbiome index with fewer virulence genes; strain-resolved differences implicate pantothenate- CoA metabolism and haplotype-specific antigen presentation, supporting antigen-presentation-mediated selection at the strain and gene levels.
C_LIO_LIDQ2/8 carriers exhibit lower serum pantothenate and HDL-cholesterol, and the two measures were positively correlated, linking a microbial cofactor to host lipid metabolism.
C_LI

How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?O_LIConsider HLA genotype as a key covariate in microbiome-based risk models and biomarker development.
C_LIO_LIMotivate precision nutrition/probiotic strategies targeting the pantothenate- CoA axis, and monitoring vitamin B5/HDL-cholesterol in at-risk genotypes.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaihu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HLA-DQ2/8 genotype imprints strain-level gut microbiome and constrains pantothenate availability in healthy adults]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683410v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
O-GlcNAc clusters attenuate BRD4 phase separation for transcription regulation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683410v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) that organizes biomolecular condensates essential for transcription, yet for the monosaccharide O-GlcNAc, the general rules and their links to protein function remain undefined, with evidence largely limited to isolated cases rather than systematic analyses. Here we combine proteome-scale analyses with experiments to show that O-GlcNAc is a widespread LLPS modulator: glycosites are enriched in intrinsically disordered regions and form dense O-GlcNAc clusters. Using BRD4 as a model, we identified twelve clustered sites in its C-terminal IDR and showed that O-GlcNAc decreases condensate size while increasing fluidity in vitro and in cells. Removing O-GlcNAc strengthened BRD4 binding at active enhancers and promoted LLPS-mediated co-recruitment of transcriptional factors, including YTHDC1, leading to altered expression programs linked to the cell cycle and DNA repair. Our findings define O-GlcNAc clusters as regulators of condensate material properties and transcriptional outcomes, supporting a general paradigm in which PTMs fine-tune the molecular grammar of biomolecular condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683410</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[O-GlcNAc clusters attenuate BRD4 phase separation for transcription regulation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683488v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of ovarian function and estrogen therapy remodel the brain's synaptic and metabolic proteome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683488v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Menopause is linked to cognitive decline and reduced brain metabolism, while estrogen (E2) therapy has been shown to mitigate these effects. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which ovarian hormones and E2 influence neuroprotection is essential for developing strategies to maintain brain health in women. In this study, we examined how the loss of ovarian hormones, with or without E2 treatment, affects the brain proteome and mitochondrial energy production in aged female C57BL/6J mice (36-40 weeks). The mice underwent sham or ovariectomy (OVX) surgery and were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks; six weeks after surgery, OVX mice received either sesame oil or E2 treatment for four weeks. Proteomic analysis of brain homogenates revealed 4,992 proteins regulated by E2, with pathway analysis showing increased signaling proteins related to synaptogenesis. OVX reduced proteins involved in synaptic function, branched-chain amino acid and ketone metabolism, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation (Complexes I, IV, and V), while E2 restored protein expression within these pathways. Despite alterations in OxPhos proteins, basal and state 3 mitochondrial respiration remained unchanged, although notable impairments to Complex IV enzymatic activity were apparent in OVX, but not following E2 replacement. Overall, these results indicate that E2 supports brain health by maintaining proteins crucial for synaptic integrity and metabolism, and by reducing the decline in mitochondrial bioenergetics associated with menopause.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salathe, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Busick, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boakye, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkewitte, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683488</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of ovarian function and estrogen therapy remodel the brain's synaptic and metabolic proteome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683521v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuroprotective function of astrocyte p75NTR in Alzheimer's Disease through regulation of cholesterol metabolism 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.20.683521v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reactive astrogliosis in Alzheimers Disease (AD) involves profound changes in the morphology, metabolism and secretion profile of astrocytes, but whether astrogliosis is beneficial or harmful, and under which conditions, remain open questions. Here we report an unexpected neuroprotective function of death receptor p75NTR in astrocytes through its ability to regulate cholesterol metabolism. AD knock-in mice expressing signaling-deficient p75NTR variants in astrocytes showed enhanced A{beta} burden, brain histopathology and cognitive impairment, even when variants were introduced late in the disease process. Astrocytes expressing dysfunctional p75NTR variants showed impaired uptake of A{beta} oligomers, and their conditioned medium enhanced A{beta} production in AD neurons. p75NTR signaling negatively regulated astrocyte cholesterol biosynthesis and secretion, while cholesterol depletion restored A{beta} uptake in mutant astrocytes and reduced A{beta} production in AD neurons. In agreement with the role of astrocyte-derived cholesterol, statin treatment reverted the effects of astrocyte p75NTR mutants on AD neuropathology. Thus, although neuronal p75NTR has been widely recognized to amplify AD, astrocyte p75NTR plays a neuroprotective role.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.20.683521</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuroprotective function of astrocyte p75NTR in Alzheimer's Disease through regulation of cholesterol metabolism]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683820v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Graph-based tracing of dynamically functioning gene circuits in cell fate decisions with isoform resolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.21.683820v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks govern complex cellular processes, yet their inference from single-cell transcriptomes is hindered by TFs low abundance, tissue-specific functions, and isoform diversity. We evaluated the utility of transcription factor activity (TFA) to infer TF-TF interactions, demonstrating its superiority over expression-based methods in capturing tissue-specific, high-fidelity regulatory relationships. Using simulated and real-world transcriptomes across human hematopoiesis and early embryonic development, we validated TFAs ability to render regulatory relationships. Through utilizing the concept of propagated regulome, we uncovered TFAs utility in retrospectively resolving dynamic regulatory circuits. To address regulome limitations, we developed an embryonic stem cell-specific Consensus REgulome Database (CRED) with isoform resolution, revealing functional heterogeneity among TF isoforms. Applied to human preimplantation single-cell datasets, CRED outperformed existing regulomes, identifying isoform-specific regulators and tracing regulatory modules despite severe dropouts. Our work unleashes TFA as a robust tool for reconstructing TF networks and highlights the importance of transited, isoform-level, cell-type-specific analysis in unraveling transcriptional regulatory circuits.

HighlightsO_LITFA (Transcription Factor Activity) renders regulatory relationships with high fidelity compared to expression.
C_LIO_LIUsing transited regulons enables TFA to retrospectively resolve dynamic regulatory interactions in cell fate decisions.
C_LIO_LIAn integrated ESC-specific transited regulome database reveals isoform-level heterogeneity.
C_LIO_LITFA successfully identifies key TF regulatory modules during human preimplantation from datasets with severe dropout.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.21.683820</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Graph-based tracing of dynamically functioning gene circuits in cell fate decisions with isoform resolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683779v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Platelet Bioenergetics Profiling Reveals Non-Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Potential Biomarker of Diabetic Complications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683779v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diabetes is associated with systemic bioenergetic dysfunction that contributes to complications such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). While mitochondrial impairment has been implicated, the role of non-mitochondrial pathways is less clearly defined. To address this gap, we optimized platelet-based extracellular flux assays as a minimally invasive platform to study human bioenergetics. A seeding density of 20 x 106 platelets per well provided reliable respiratory measurements, consistent with the presence of 5-8 mitochondria per platelet.

Platelets from both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and DPN patients demonstrated a significant reduction in non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared with controls. This finding suggests impairment of oxygen-consuming processes beyond the mitochondria, likely reflecting diminished activity of oxidoreductase enzymes such as NADPH oxidases, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases, which regulate redox balance, inflammatory signaling, and vascular tone. In contrast, basal and ATP-linked OCR were only marginally reduced in T2D and not significantly altered in DPN, indicating that mitochondrial-linked dysfunction may be more subtle or heterogeneous in these patient populations. The consistent decrease in non-mitochondrial OCR across both T2D and DPN highlights its potential as an early and sensitive indicator of systemic bioenergetic dysregulation in diabetes.

These findings demonstrate that platelets are a practical and repeatable resource for assessing bioenergetics in humans. Diabetes impairs both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial respiration, with the latter showing the most robust alterations. Reduced non-mitochondrial OCR may contribute independently to the pathogenesis of DPN and holds promise as a biomarker for prognosis and therapeutic monitoring in diabetic complications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Agbas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kluding, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pasnoor, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shae, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sage, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683779</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Platelet Bioenergetics Profiling Reveals Non-Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Potential Biomarker of Diabetic Complications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683900v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cell cycle-driven epigenetic resetting maintains stem cell fate for shoot branching 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.22.683900v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Adult mammalian stem cells typically maintain stem cell identity through proliferative quiescence. In contrast, we demonstrate that stem cell maintenance in Arabidopsis bud precursor cells requires active cell-cycle progression. Inhibiting division silences the shoot meristem marker gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and promotes differentiation. Whereas proliferation dilutes H3K27me3 levels to counteract silencing. Meanwhile, we identified two classes of transcription factors recruiting polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to epigenetically silence STM. The balance between these forces establishes a cell cycle-coupled epigenetic "Sisyphus" mechanism that maintains pluripotency. This cell fate switch is bistable; modeling and experimental data confirm that prolonged quiescence triggers irreversible differentiation. We propose that sequence-dependent PRC2 recruitment in plants enables precise silencing of fate-determining genes, while cell proliferation sustains pluripotency by resetting epigenetic marks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umeda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sablowski, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.22.683900</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cell cycle-driven epigenetic resetting maintains stem cell fate for shoot branching]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684153v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Androgens Drive SOX9 Upregulation in Injured Proximal Tubular Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684153v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
IntroductionSex influences susceptibility, recovery, and long-term outcomes after acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. Rodent models have been invaluable for elucidating AKI mechanisms; however, most studies have focused on males, assuming direct applicability to females, an assumption that remains largely untested. In males, the transcription factor SOX9 regulates injury-associated proximal tubule cell states, supporting survival during injury but also contributing to maladaptive repair. Given the well-described role of SOX9 in sex determination during development and its emerging importance in AKI, we investigated whether it mediates sex-specific tubular responses in the adult kidney.

MethodsWe first optimized differential ischemic and cisplatin conditions in males and females to generate injury-matched models. We then used these models to ask whether proximal tubular cell responses, particularly Sox9 upregulation, are sex dependent. Tubule-specific knockout models of Sox9, Sox4, Sox11, Vgf, Zfp24, and the androgen receptor (Ar), along with gonadectomy and hormone replacement studies, combined with gene and protein analyses, were used to define regulatory networks.

ResultsIn both ischemic and nephrotoxic AKI, SOX9 expression was markedly blunted in females, with levels more than fivefold lower than in males. While injury biomarkers such as NGAL and KIM1 were equally induced in both sexes, Sox9 and its downstream target Vgf showed markedly reduced induction in females, whereas the upstream regulator Zfp24 was functionally relevant only in males. Deletion of Sox9, Zfp24, or Vgf worsened injury in males but not in females. In contrast, Sox4 and Sox11 were equally upregulated and protective in both sexes. Castration or proximal tubule-specific deletion of Ar in males abolished Sox9 induction, establishing a testosterone-dependent regulatory axis.

ConclusionsThese findings define a hormone-driven, male-specific tubular repair program and demonstrate that injury and recovery pathways differ fundamentally between sexes, underscoring the need for sex-inclusive therapeutic strategies for AKI.

Translational StatementSex influences susceptibility and outcomes after AKI, but the molecular basis remains unclear. SOX9, a transcription factor recently identified as one of the most highly upregulated genes in proximal tubular cells during AKI in both mice and humans, has been presumed to mediate a universal protective program. Using injury-matched murine models of AKI, we now demonstrate that this response is restricted to males, driven by testosterone and androgen receptor signaling, while SOX9 induction is markedly blunted and functionally dispensable in females. These findings reveal that tubular protective pathways differ fundamentally between sexes despite equivalent injury severity. Because SOX9 activation confers epithelial protection in males, therapeutic targeting of this pathway may have clinical relevance primarily in male patients. These data underscore the importance of incorporating biological sex into mechanistic, translational, and clinical studies of kidney injury and recovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vermillion Allison, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xuanyuan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stayton, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silvaroli, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karel, I. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thorson, V. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sloane, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thailammanal, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scindia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coss, C. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zepeda-Orozco, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolisetty, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mallipattu, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Humphreys, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bajwa, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pabla, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684153</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Androgens Drive SOX9 Upregulation in Injured Proximal Tubular Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684164v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MemConverter: An Iterative Pipeline for Reprogramming Protein Localization in Membrane or Aqueous Solution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.23.684164v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We propose a pipeline, MemConverter, for the conversion of soluble proteins to membrane proteins and vice versa, based on the prediction of membrane contact probability (MCP). By fine-tuning ProteinMPNN with a membrane protein dataset to create MemProtMPNN, and integrating it with iterative structure refinement using AlphaFold2, our approach enables precise reprogramming of protein surface properties. The pipeline utilizes MCP-guided sequence fusion to direct the evolution of protein sequences towards the desired membrane or soluble environments. During this process, selective residues are fixed to concentrate design efforts on regions requiring alteration. The pipeline demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methods, and molecular dynamics simulations validate that the designed proteins exhibit stable membrane integration or enhanced solubility, depending on the target localization. This pipeline introduces a novel computational tool for engineering proteins to be localized in membranes or aqueous solutions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.23.684164</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MemConverter: An Iterative Pipeline for Reprogramming Protein Localization in Membrane or Aqueous Solution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684407v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Distinct and compensatory roles of Stag1 and Stag2 in post-mitotic genome refolding 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.24.684407v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The three-dimensional architecture of the eukaryotic genome is largely shaped by the cohesin complex, which contains either Stag1 or Stag2 subunits. Although both subunits contribute to chromatin organization, their specific functions in de novo loop formation during post-mitotic genome refolding remain elusive. Here, we leverage the mitosis-to-G1 transition to dissect their individual roles. We found that Stag1 depletion has a negligible impact on post-mitotic genome restructuring or transcription reactivation. In contrast, Stag2 orchestrates chromatin remodeling in a manner that is both cell cycle stage-specific and chromatin context-dependent. During early-G1, Stag2 preferentially associates with euchromatin, where it drives the rapid formation of small chromatin loops. This facilitates prompt promoter-enhancer (P-E) contact formation and enables efficient transcription activation. As the nuclear concentration of Stag2 increases by late-G1, it progressively suppresses large loops, likely due to its shorter chromatin residence time and its potential to competitively displace the more extrusion-capable Stag1-associated cohesin. Mechanistically, Stag2-mediated loop extrusion is constrained by CTCF-bound barriers, rather than by genomic travel distance. Although Stag2 associates rapidly with euchromatin in early-G1, its recruitment to heterochromatin is delayed until late-G1. Simultaneous depletion of both Stag proteins results in a synergistic loss of virtually all structural loops and a more severe disruption of transcription than that caused by individual deletions. Together, these results establish Stag2 as the principal regulator of post-mitotic genome reorganization among Stag paralogs, mediating spatiotemporal control of chromatin architecture, while Stag1 provides compensatory support to ensure functional robustness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.24.684407</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Distinct and compensatory roles of Stag1 and Stag2 in post-mitotic genome refolding]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684492v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Unfolding the Black Box of Recurrent Neural Networks for Path Integration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.25.684492v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Path integration is essential for spatial navigation. Experimental studies have identified neural correlates for path integration, but exactly how the neural system accomplishes this computation remains unresolved. Here, we adopt recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained to perform a path integration task to explore this issue. After training, we borrow neuroscience prior knowledge and methods to unfold the black box of the trained model, including: clarifying neuron types based on their receptive fields, dissecting information flows between neuron groups by pruning their connections, and analyzing internal dynamics of neuron groups using the attractor framework. Intriguingly, we uncover a hierarchical information processing pathway embedded in the RNN model, along which velocity information of an agent is first forwarded to band cells, band and grid cells then coordinate to carry out path integration, and finally grid cells output the agent location. Inspired by the RNN-based study, we construct a neural circuit model, in which band cells form one-dimensional (1D) continuous attractor neural networks (CANNs) and serve as upstream neurons to support downstream grid cells to carry out path integration in the 2D space. Our study challenges the conventional view of considering grid cells as the principal velocity integrator, and supports a neural circuit model with the hierarchy of band and grid cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burgess, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.25.684492</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Unfolding the Black Box of Recurrent Neural Networks for Path Integration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684670v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic diversity in horseshoe bat ACE2 and sarbecovirus spike proteins mutually shape one another 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.26.684670v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) serves as the entry receptor for a wide diversity of sarbecoviruses naturally harboured by horseshoe bats (genus Rhinolophus). Despite the extensive circulation of these viruses in many horseshoe bat species, the potential interactions between virus and receptor evolution remain poorly understood. We sampled individuals of the intermediate horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus affinis) across Vietnam and identified 15 genotypes of ACE2 proteins, 10 of which are previously unreported. Phylogenetic analysis and infectivity assays with a panel of 36 sarbecovirus spike proteins indicated that the R. affinis ACE2 phylogeny has geographic structuring and genotypes originating from different geographic regions exhibit distinct infectivity phenotypes. We detected site-specific positive selection on ACE2 site 24 with the associated substitutions largely affecting the receptors sarbecovirus infectivity profile. Together, our findings suggest that the R. affinis within-species ACE2 diversity has likely been shaped through selection by past sarbecovirus infection. Similarly on the virus end, we use mutagenesis assays and structural analysis through cryo-EM, to delineate the proximal evolution of the Ra22QT77 spike defined by specialization to the ACE2 genotypes of horseshoe bats found in and near southern Vietnam, where the virus was sampled. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of host-sarbecovirus co-evolution dynamics and provide valuable insights into the receptor usage determinants of these viruses.

HighlightsO_LIWe identify a total of 15 ACE2 genotypes in R. affinis bats from Vietnam.
C_LIO_LIACE2 intraspecific polymorphism is geographically separated and associated with distinct sarbecovirus infectivity.
C_LIO_LISite 24 of R. affinis ACE2 experiences positive selection and controls susceptibility to sarbecoviruses.
C_LIO_LIBat ACE2s and sarbecovirus spikes are bidirectionally shaped by each others evolution.
C_LI
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Takemura, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arnold, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yo, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tolentino, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fujita, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kosugi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thuy, N. T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mai, L. T. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luong, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshima, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matsumoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akasaka, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shihoya, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ito, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasebe, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thong, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nureki, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lytras, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sato, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.26.684670</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic diversity in horseshoe bat ACE2 and sarbecovirus spike proteins mutually shape one another]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inhibition mechanism of pancreatic KATP channels by centipede toxins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.27.684718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel acts as a crucial metabolic sensor by regulating insulin secretion to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis. Gain-of-functional mutations in this channel lead to neonatal diabetes mellitus, a rare disorder in which certain mutants demonstrate resistance to standard sulfonylurea therapy. Recent studies have identified a centipede toxin, SpTx1, as a potent inhibitor of both human pancreatic KATP channels and their gain-of-functional mutants. This toxin stimulates insulin secretion, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for neonatal diabetes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism by which SpTx1 inhibits the KATP channel has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structure of SpTx1 and the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the KATP channel in complex with SpTx1. Our results demonstrate that SpTx1 binds to the extracellular surface of the Kir6.2 pore-forming subunit of the KATP channel. Multiple interactions at the SpTx1-Kir6.2 interface underpin the high affinity and specificity of SpTx1 for human Kir6.2. We show that SpTx1 inhibits potassium currents by physically blocking the ion conduction pore. Furthermore, a structure-guided search identified another centipede toxin, Sm3a, as a novel KATP channel blocker. Together, these findings provide key insights into the inhibitory mechanism of centipede toxins against the human Kir6.2-containing KATP channel and establish a foundation for developing these toxins into potential therapeutics targeting KATP channel-related diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hou, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.27.684718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inhibition mechanism of pancreatic KATP channels by centipede toxins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685019v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Palmitoylation of death receptor p75NTR contributes to Alzheimer's Disease progression by regulating APP trafficking and degradation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685019v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Although protein palmitoylation has been associated with Alzheimers Disease (AD), it remains unclear whether or how palmitoylation of specific proteins contributes to any of the pathological features of AD. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) contributes to AD progression by regulating the intracellular trafficking and amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). p75NTR is palmitoylated at a juxtamembrane cysteine but it is currently unknown whether this has any effect on its role in AD. Here, we report that 5xFAD mice, an animal model of AD, expressing a palmitoylation-deficient mutant of p75NTR (p75C281A) display significantly attenuated neuropathology and cognitive deficits. p75C281A showed enhanced internalization, trafficking to Rab5/Rab7 endosomes and lysosomal-mediated degradation. In mutant p75C281A neurons, APP displayed accelerated co-internalization with p75NTR, increased trafficking to late endosomes and lysosome, and enhanced degradation, thereby limiting neuronal A{beta} production. Interestingly, the brain of 5xFAD mice shows increased levels of p75NTR palmitoylation. These results indicate that palmitoylation of p75NTR enhances its stability and, indirectly, that of APP by reducing their trafficking to the lysosome, resulting in increased A{beta} accumulation and neuropathology in the AD brain. Selective inhibitors of p75NTR palmitoylation may find applications in the treatment of AD
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ma, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ibanez, C. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685019</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Palmitoylation of death receptor p75NTR contributes to Alzheimer's Disease progression by regulating APP trafficking and degradation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685209v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isotope Dilution nanoLC-MS/MS Quantitation of Methylglyoxal DNA-Protein Crosslinks: Formation and Repair in Human Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685209v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) represent a prevalent form of DNA damage that form when cellular proteins become covalently trapped to DNA strands upon exposure to various endogenous and exogenous agents. Methylglyoxal, is an endogenous metabolite that reacts with guanine and adenine bases in DNA and RNA, as well as cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) including DPCs. These modifications have been linked to human disease, including cancer, liver disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we present a mass spectrometry method for quantifying MGO-induced DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) in human cells. We prepared an isotope 15N213C6-dG-MGO-Lys internal standard to develop a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for detecting and quantifying the formation and repair of dG-MGO-Lys DPCs in cells. Genomic DNA was extracted, subjected to sequential protease and nuclease digestion, purified by offline HPLC, and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The methods standard curve showed a strong linear relationship across a concentration range of 10-1000 fmol (R2 = 0.9994). The method achieved limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 10 and 20 fmol, respectively. Inhibition of proteasome and SPRTN activity revealed that SPRTN functions as a predominant proteolytic enzyme in MGO DPC repair. Overall, this analytical approach can offer valuable insights into the relevance of DPCs in diseases linked to elevated MGO levels.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Omondi, R. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barnes, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gurajala, K. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fisette, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaudray, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erber, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685209</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isotope Dilution nanoLC-MS/MS Quantitation of Methylglyoxal DNA-Protein Crosslinks: Formation and Repair in Human Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685224v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CRISPR-Induced NUT Suppression Promotes Differentiation and Enhances Trop2-Targeted Immunocytokine Response in NUT Carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.28.685224v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NUT carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive malignancy driven by NUTM1 gene rearrangements with limited therapeutic options. Here, we show that direct suppression of NUTM1 using CRISPR/Cas9 induces squamous-like differentiation and upregulates TROP2 expression in NC cells. Building on this finding, we developed a TROP2-interferon beta (IFN-{beta}) mutein immunocytokine that selectively targets TROP2-expressing tumors. Combined NUTM1 suppression and TROP2-targeted immunotherapy synergistically enhanced cytotoxic and immune-mediated responses in vitro. Transcriptomic and spatial analyses of NC patient tumors revealed that differentiation status correlates with TROP2 expression, upregulated immune pathways, and favorable clinical outcomes. Our results suggest that overcoming differentiation blockade not only alters tumor phenotype but also creates a more immune-permissive microenvironment. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of sequential tumor reprogramming followed by targeted immunotherapy in treating NC and propose a broader strategy for overcoming differentiation blockade in fusion-driven cancers.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, H. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jeong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shin, Y. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>French, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, Y.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.28.685224</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CRISPR-Induced NUT Suppression Promotes Differentiation and Enhances Trop2-Targeted Immunocytokine Response in NUT Carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685361v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pollinators in Mexico. Spatial patterns show exceptions to global trends 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685361v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pollinators are declining globally, yet their biodiversity patterns in megadiverse regions remain unclear. We analyzed four major pollinator groups across one of the worlds most diverse regions -Mexico and adjacent areas. Using species distribution models, we generated presence- absence matrices (1,135 species in 165,078 grid cells) and applied range-diversity plots with a new randomization approach, to explore richness and endemism. Results reveal sharp contrasts: hummingbirds, bats, hawkmoths, and some bee families show the expected tropical richness peak, whereas other bees peak in arid lands of northern Mexico and the southwestern US. Endemism also diverges, with vertebrates concentrated in the tropics and bees in deserts. These findings challenge assumptions of uniform pollinator diversity patterns and demonstrate that conservation cannot rely on one-size-fits-all solutions. Our framework offers spatial tools to identify biodiversity structure and inform conservation and policy in the face of land-use change, agrochemicals, invasive species, and climate pressures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nava-Bolanos, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Osorio-Olvera, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soberon, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685361</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pollinators in Mexico. Spatial patterns show exceptions to global trends]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685511v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Yippee-like protein Moh1 links gene expression to metabolism and selective stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.30.685511v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Yippee-like (YPEL) proteins are a conserved eukaryotic gene family implicated in proliferation, senescence, and stress adaptation. In humans, five paralogs (YPEL1-YPEL5) are widely expressed and encode proteins with high sequence and amino acid similarity, yet the molecular basis of their functions remains poorly defined. While conservation implies possible functional redundancy, the distinct roles of each YPEL paralog have not been defined. The budding yeast S. cerevisiae possesses a single ortholog, MOH1, which contributes to survival and stress responses and can be functionally complemented by human YPELs. However, the cellular role of MOH1 remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the function of MOH1 in S. cerevisiae. MOH1 deletion (moh1{Delta}) conferred sensitivity to sodium azide and sulfuric acid but increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. Moh1 protein levels decreased upon hydrogen peroxide treatment and increased following sulfuric acid exposure, indicating stress-dependent regulation. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed that moh1{Delta} cells are constitutively rounder, tend to form clumps, and exhibit rough surface features, indicating altered cellular architecture. RNA profiling and FTIR spectroscopy revealed transcriptional reprogramming and metabolic remodeling in moh1{Delta} cells, including alterations in lipid, protein, and cell wall polysaccharide levels and composition. Intracellular ROS assays indicated that hydrogen peroxide resistance can be attributed to decreased cellular uptake resulting from altered permeability, rather than changes in mitochondrial ROS production. Collectively, our findings identify Moh1 as a regulatory factor linking gene expression to metabolism and cellular architecture, influencing membrane permeability and conferring selective stress resistance in S. cerevisiae.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Olgun, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Turan Duman, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gupur, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Izgi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huda, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cetin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suludere, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kucuk Baloglu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caydasi, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muyan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-10-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.30.685511</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Yippee-like protein Moh1 links gene expression to metabolism and selective stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-10-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685996v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular mechanism of naturally-encoded signaling-bias at the complement anaphylatoxin receptors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.01.685996v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The conceptual framework of biased signaling has revolutionized our understanding of GPCR signaling and regulatory paradigms, and greatly impacted the efforts focused on the discovery of GPCR-targeted therapeutics. However, the mechanistic basis of biased signaling remains primarily defined based on synthetic ligands and receptor mutants with relatively limited progress in understanding naturally-encoded signaling-bias. Here, we present fundamental molecular and structural insights into naturally-encoded signaling-bias at the complement anaphylatoxin C5a receptors namely, C5aR1 and C5aR2. We first discover that C5a-d-Arg, the naturally-occurring version of C5a lacking the terminal arginine, exhibits robust G-protein signaling-bias at C5aR1, characterised by attenuated {beta}arr recruitment. This signaling-bias manifests in both cytokine release from primary human immune cells, and in vivo, during neutrophil mobilization. We combine the cryo-EM structures of C5a/C5a-d-Arg-C5aR1 complexes with MD simulation, site-directed mutagenesis, and cellular experiments to elucidate that the G-protein-bias exhibited by C5a-d-Arg results from a distinct orientation of TM7 and helix 8 in C5aR1 leading to inefficient GRK recruitment and receptor phosphorylation. Next, we determine the first cryo-EM structures of C5aR2, a naturally-encoded {beta}-arrestin-biased receptor, in an apo state, complexed with the natural agonists C5a and C5a-d-Arg, and three peptide agonists including a first-in-class, newly discovered C5aR2-selective agonist, R8Y. These structural snapshots reveal key differences between the binding of C5a and C5a- d-Arg to C5aR1 and C5aR2, and provide a molecular basis of functional specialization at these two receptors. Moreover, the structural insights also allow us to decipher the molecular basis of naturally-encoded signaling-bias at C5aR2 originating from a shallower cytoplasmic interface with hydrophobic interior pocket that is not permissive to efficient G-protein-coupling and activation. Finally, we also engineer and characterize loss-of-function and gain-of-function variants of C5aR1 and C5aR2, which in turn corroborate and validate the structural observations presented here. Collectively, our findings offer crucial insights into previously lacking molecular mechanisms of the naturally-encoded signaling-bias at GPCRs, which have broad implications not only for the general framework of biased-signaling, but also for novel therapeutic design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tiwari, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sawada, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dalal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mishra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yadav, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ganguly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stepniewski, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yamaguchi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oshima, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hashimoto, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fung, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lerskiatiphanich, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Selent, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Inoue, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chung, K. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banerjee, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sano, F. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woodruff, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nureki, O. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>SHUKLA, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.01.685996</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular mechanism of naturally-encoded signaling-bias at the complement anaphylatoxin receptors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromosome-level assembly and functional genomic resources for the model annelid Capitella teleta 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe polychaete Capitella teleta is a commonly used annelid for studies in evolutionary developmental biology, comparative genomics, conservation, and ecotoxicology. Over a decade ago, it was the first polychaete to have its genome sequenced and assembled, contributing to pioneering studies that transformed our understanding of animal genomes and their evolution. However, this early resource is now outdated compared to current genome sequencing standards, limiting the use of modern functional genomic tools that could further our understanding of numerous biological processes.

ResultsWe combine long-read and short-read sequencing with Hi-C chromatin conformation capture data to assemble the chromosome-level nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the laboratory strain of C. teleta. This reference assembly more accurately reflects the expected genome size for this polychaete ([~]243.6 Mb) and contains a highly complete, evolutionarily conserved gene repertoire. Notably, the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are heavily rearranged, indicating a decoupling between gene family repertoire and chromosomal evolution. The analyses of multi-omic datasets available for C. teleta, including developmental time courses of bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and EM-seq, using the new reference assembly, resulted in a significant quality improvement, allowing us to identify new cell-type-specific gene markers and gain additional insights of biological relevance. Finally, we generated a publicly available genome browser that ensures all these resources are easily findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable.

ConclusionsOur study provides state-of-the-art genomic resources for the polychaete model C. teleta, addressing a pressing community need that will open new research opportunities in animal and genome evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Davies, B. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gonzalez, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sur, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Frankish, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montagne, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Baltodano, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guynes, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Donnellan, R. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreland, R. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfsberg, T. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seaver, E. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxevanis, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martin-Duran, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromosome-level assembly and functional genomic resources for the model annelid Capitella teleta]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685962v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Absence of cortical reorganization following an internal capsule stroke in rodents 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.10.31.685962v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Stroke is a leading cause of disability, causing chronic motor impairments in many survivors. Although recovery is correlated with cortical reorganization, the impact of lesion location on post-stroke reorganization is uncertain. We compared movement-related neural activity following experimental infarcts to the motor cortex (M1) or internal capsule in rats. Neural activity was recorded from motor and somatosensory regions during a skilled pellet retrieval task longitudinally during the course of recovery. Cortical lesions resulted in early behavioral recovery accompanied by widespread reductions in neural activity across ipsilesional regions, indicative of large-scale reorganization. In contrast, internal capsule lesions produced delayed recovery with no evidence of long-term ipsilesional cortical reorganization. These findings challenge the relevance of cortical reorganization for recovery from subcortical lesions and indicate that post-stroke recovery mechanisms are lesion-specific and that models targeting subcortical white matter are essential for maximizing translational relevance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cettina, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guggenmos, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sivakumar, S. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murphy, M. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbay, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nudo, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bundy, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.10.31.685962</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Absence of cortical reorganization following an internal capsule stroke in rodents]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.685478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bio-synthesis of 15N-Labeled G-Quadruplexes to Investigate the Structure and Interactions in the Cell Lysate using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.685478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
G-quadruplexes (G4) play key roles in biology, making it critical to understand their structure and ligand-binding behavior in cellular environments for advancing G4-targeted therapeutics. While in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique for studying G4 in situ, its application is limited by the challenge of producing isotope-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Here, we introduce Restriction Endonuclease Digestion (RED), a simple and cost-effective method to generate 15N-labeled ssDNA. This approach combines molecular cloning and enzymatic design processing by propagating plasmids in E. coli cultured with 15NH4Cl, followed by double restriction digestion and isolation target 15N-ssDNA. Using RED, we produced milligram-scale quantities of 96%-enriched 15N-labeled human telomeric G4 ssDNA (wtTel23c, CTAGGG(TTAGGG)3), ideal for NMR analysis. The NMR spectra revealed that wtTel23c adopts G4 topology and undergoes multiple conformations of wtTel23c in potassium-containing solutions and in Xenopus laevis cell lysate. Interaction studies with the ligand TMPyP4 showed distinct binding profiles in cellular and dilute environments. In dilute solution, TMPyP4 binds to the top tetrad of wtTel23c, while it binds to the loop in cellular environments. The RED method offers an efficient strategy for producing stable isotope-labeled ssDNA, opening new avenues for studying G4 structures and their ligand interactions in complex biological contexts.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.685478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bio-synthesis of 15N-Labeled G-Quadruplexes to Investigate the Structure and Interactions in the Cell Lysate using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686106v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AHA1 regulates Aβ production via modulation of APP expression and γ-secretase assembly 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686106v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deposition of amyloid {beta}-protein (A{beta}) is a hallmark of Alzheimers disease (AD), produced by {gamma}-secretase-mediated cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP). The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) co-chaperone, activator of Hsp90 ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1), is known to promote the accumulation of toxic tau species; however, its effects on A{beta} production remain unclear. Here, we show that knockdown of endogenous AHA1 decreases A{beta} generation and reduces APP and {gamma}-secretase components, whereas AHA1 overexpression elevates A{beta} production and the expression of these proteins. The AHA1-E67K mutant, which has impaired Hsp90 binding, lowers A{beta} production and the levels of APP and {gamma}-secretase components compared with wild-type AHA1. AHA1 associates with APP and immature {gamma}-secretase components, including anterior pharynx-defective phenotype 1 (APH1), indicating its role in APP proteolysis and A{beta} production. Disruption of the AHA1/Hsp90 complex--through AHA1 knockdown, the E67K mutant, or a small-molecule inhibitor--reduces {gamma}-secretase assembly. Familial AD mutations in APP-C99 and presenilin-1 (PS1) increase AHA1, Hsp90, APP, and APH1 expression, enhancing A{beta} production. Importantly, AHA1 knockdown decreases abnormal A{beta} generation and C99, PS1-CTF, and APH1 levels in mutant APP cells, while AHA1 overexpression enhances A{beta} production in PS1 mutant cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that AHA1 regulates A{beta} production by modulating APP expression and {gamma}-secretase assembly, establishing AHA1 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in AD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Noorani, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Islam, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catalfano, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blagg, B. S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wolfe, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686106</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AHA1 regulates Aβ production via modulation of APP expression and γ-secretase assembly]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Circuit-specific gene editing for precision modulation of neuronal activity with CRISPR-rabies virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR gene editing has revolutionized our ability to study and manipulate specific genes, enabling novel insights into gene function and potential therapies for brain disorders. Recent advances in cell-type-specific regulatory elements and viral delivery systems have made precise in vivo gene editing possible. However, neurons with similar molecular profiles can belong to different circuits, complicating efforts to manipulate circuit function and behavior. To address this, we developed CRISPR-rabies virus (CRV), which leverages the trans-synaptic spread of rabies virus to enable gene editing within anatomically defined neural circuits. By pairing CRV with cell type-specific Cas9 expression, we achieved targeted gene modifications in specific circuits. We demonstrate that CRV can modulate sodium and potassium channel expression in parvalbumin interneurons, thereby effectively regulating synaptic transmission of pyramidal neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Its compatibility with 3'-capture single-cell RNA-seq allows simultaneous circuit perturbation and molecular profiling. In summary, CRV allows precise circuit-level gene modulation, providing a platform for studying gene function in neural circuits and developing novel gene therapies for brain disorders.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deasy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deshmukh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McNamara, J. O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southwell, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gersbach, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, R. R. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velmeshev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Circuit-specific gene editing for precision modulation of neuronal activity with CRISPR-rabies virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686369v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genetic interaction of Specc1l and Thm1 reveals cytoskeletal - ciliary crosstalk 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686369v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilium formation and actin cytoskeleton dynamics are interconnected, with evidence showing that elevated filamentous actin (F-actin) negatively regulates primary cilia length. Loss of the cytoskeletal protein SPECC1L, which itself does not localize to cilia, leads to increased F-actin and shortened cilia. Depolymerizing F-actin in Specc1l mutant cells restored cilia lengths, substantiating this inverse relationship. In cells harboring a Specc1l allele lacking only the coiled-coil domain 2, intracellular regions with both elevated and reduced F-actin were observed together with cilia shortening. Notably, F-actin was decreased at the ciliary base, suggesting that a different F-actin subpopulation contributes to the inverse relationship. We also identified a genetic interaction between Specc1l and Thm1, which encodes an intraflagellar transport-A (IFT-A) protein. Double or compound heterozygotes for Specc1l and Thm1 exhibited a higher penetrance of cleft palate compared to Specc1l heterozygotes alone. Together, these findings reveal a role for SPECC1L in cytoskeletal regulation of ciliogenesis affecting palate development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hufft-Martinez, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalman, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stetsiv, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moedritzer, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilson, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686369</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genetic interaction of Specc1l and Thm1 reveals cytoskeletal - ciliary crosstalk]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686420v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
End-to-end high-throughput single-cell proteomics via SPRINT and dual-spray LC-MS 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.03.686420v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) enables direct measurement of protein heterogeneity but remains constrained by throughput and limited applicability to primary tissues. Here, we present an integrated workflow developed to address both challenges. We engineered SPRINT, an AI-powered bioprinting platform that prepares more than 10,000 single cells per day, over tenfold faster than existing systems, while maintaining stability and enabling identification of over 6,000 proteins from individual HeLa cells. To expand analytical capacity, we further designed a dual-spray tandem direct injection (TDI) LC system that parallelizes non-analytical steps with peptide separation, doubling MS utilization efficiency and enabling 168 label-free SCP runs per day without sensitivity loss. Together with optimized tissue-dissociation protocols, this integrated workflow enabled creation of the first mouse tissue-derived SCP atlas, profiling >1,000 single cells across six organs. These advances establish SCP as a scalable platform ready for broad biological and biomedical applications.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.03.686420</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[End-to-end high-throughput single-cell proteomics via SPRINT and dual-spray LC-MS]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686506v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Variants in Cas9 and nanos regulatory elements modulate activity and reduce resistance allele formation in homing gene drive 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686506v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drive is a novel approach for controlling vector borne disease via either population modification or suppression. Even with high efficiency, though, overall drive performance can be reduced by somatic Cas9 expression and by maternal deposition of Cas9, leading to resistance allele formation. The nanos promoter for Cas9 shows very little leaky somatic expression, but it causes high rates of embryo resistance allele formation in Drosophila melanogaster. By truncating the promoter, we reduced rates of embryo resistance to undetectable levels, but germline cutting in females decreased by over half. Germline cutting and successful drive conversion was eventually lost when only the 5' UTR was present, though males still retained moderate germline drive efficiency. Several additional methods were tested to improve performance, including additional suppressor elements to the 3' UTR and introns to increase expression level. The most successful of these was the addition of a second nuclear localization signal, which substantially increased activity when coupled with a full-length or truncated nanos promoter. Overall, these experiments show the potential to modulate Cas9 regulatory elements to achieve desired expression for gene drive applications, while also showcasing the difficulty of obtaining an optimal activity profile.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Faber, N. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686506</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Variants in Cas9 and nanos regulatory elements modulate activity and reduce resistance allele formation in homing gene drive]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686543v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring absolute counts from proportions by constraining multivariate normal distributions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686543v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological measurements often result in proportional data, which derive from underlying biological counts. Proportion data are lacking a dimension of information as compared to counts, restricting available analysis methods and separating the data from the biology. We demonstrate a mathematical technique that estimates absolute counts corresponding to proportion data, which we refer to as Mahalanobis Count Inference (MCI). MCI uses information from a population-representative multivariate normal (MVN) distribution of component counts and ultimately outputs an estimated count and a confidence interval per observation proportion vector. We apply MCI to the imputation of white blood cell (WBC) counts, and of total mRNA within single cells. The method performs very well on total mRNA recapitulation (log-space Pearsons R = 0.81), and well enough on WBC counts to outperform proportions at multiple classification tasks. MCI operates with minimal assumptions, and is applicable to many compositional omics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hage, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koestler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Christensen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686543</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring absolute counts from proportions by constraining multivariate normal distributions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686651v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Quantifying predictability of gene expression from histology image 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.04.686651v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histopathological images are indispensable in clinical diagnosis, yet provide limited insight into underlying molecular states. Numerous computational models attempt to predict gene expression from histopathological images. However, a fundamental question remains unresolved: which genes can be accurately predicted and which cannot. Here, we introduce Expression Predictability Score (EPS), a metric that quantifies the predictability of each gene from images through expression-image mutual information. Empirical analyses across more than 500 slices further reveal consistent sets of highly predictable and unpredictable genes, as well as their underlying association with the physicochemical nature of H&E staining.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, J.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.04.686651</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Quantifying predictability of gene expression from histology image]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686746v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Network-Based Analysis of Human Astrocytes Links Aging to Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686746v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Astrocytes are central to brain homeostasis, supporting neuronal metabolism, synaptic activity, and the blood-brain barrier. With aging, these glial cells undergo molecular and functional changes that weaken support functions and promote neuroinflammation, contributing to neurodegeneration. Yet the systems-level mechanisms of astrocytic aging remain poorly defined in human models. Because aging also heightens risk for cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, type 2 diabetes, and systemic inflammation, clarifying shared astrocytic pathways is critical for understanding brain-body crosstalk. Using an in vitro human astrocyte model exposed to sublethal oxidative stress (10 {micro}M H2O2), we profiled transcriptomic changes and identified differentially expressed genes across antioxidant defences, proteostasis, transcriptional regulation, vesicular trafficking, and inflammatory signalling. We then performed seven network-prioritization analyses on a curated human protein-protein interactome: one seeded with the astrocyte H2O2-responsive genes and six with phenotype-associated gene sets (Alzheimers disease, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, type 2 diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammation). Intersecting the top 5% scoring genes from each run yielded a 127-gene core shared across all seven, enriched for proteostasis, DNA repair, mitochondrial regulation, and telomere and nuclear envelope maintenance. Structure-guided analyses highlighted vulnerable interfaces, including lamin A/C-lamin B1, -actinin-filamins, 14-3-3 dimers, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase assemblies, where pathogenic variants are predicted to destabilize or aberrantly stabilize protein interactions. Structure-based interface predictions also highlight potential interactions between APP-VCP/p97 and p53-14-3-3{zeta} that link proteostasis and stress signalling. Together, these findings define a conserved astrocytic vulnerability network that may couple neurodegeneration with cardiovascular disease and nominate structurally testable targets for biomarkers and interventions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bota, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Picon-Pages, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fanlo-Ucar, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Almabhouh, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bagudanch, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeylan, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senyuz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gohl, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina-Fernandez, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez-Fuentes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barbu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vicente, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nattel, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ois, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puig-Pijoan, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia-Ojalvo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keskin, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gursoy, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munoz, F. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oliva, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686746</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Network-Based Analysis of Human Astrocytes Links Aging to Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686888v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Random crosslinks generate anomalous scaling of dynamic modulus of biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.05.686888v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates are viscoelastic, and their mechanical properties are intimately related to their biological functions. However, the connection between microscopic networks formed by intermolecular crosslinks and viscoelasticity is still elusive. Here, we model biomolecular condensates as random crosslinked polymer solutions to elucidate how random connectivity fundamentally alters their viscoelasticity. We decompose the entire solution into multiple tree networks and demonstrate that for networks with size n, their spectra of relaxation rates{lambda} exhibit a power-law scaling pn({lambda}) [~]{lambda} -1/3 with a lower cutoff{lambda} min [~] n-3/2. By integrating all networks, we show that for the entire solution, random crosslinks generate an abundance of soft modes involving multiple linear polymers with a flat spectrum of relaxation rates. The soft modes cause anomalous linear frequency scaling of the dynamic modulus, in particular, they significantly boost the low-frequency storage modulus relative to uncrosslinked systems. Our predictions agree quantitatively with the experimental data from distinct biomolecular condensates.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lyu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.05.686888</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Random crosslinks generate anomalous scaling of dynamic modulus of biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687190v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FAM19A4 Enhances Neutrophil Respiratory Burst via p38 MAPK in Lethal Sepsis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687190v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sepsis causes high mortality and resource strain, with neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributing to excessive inflammation. The secretory protein FAM19A4 modulates ROS release, but its role in sepsis was unclear. We measured elevated FAM19A4 levels in septic patients and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice, correlating with increased mortality. Fam19a4-/- mice subjected to CLP showed significantly improved survival and attenuated multiorgan injury without impaired peritoneal bacterial clearance or altered circulating neutrophil counts. Deficiency reduced the cell counts of neutrophil (Ly6G+) and macrophage (F4/80+) in lungs and liver, diminished systemic ROS production tracked by bioluminescence, and decreased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in serum and lung tissue. In vitro, FAM19A4 enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and ROS generation but did not affect lipopolysaccharide-induced chemotaxis. Mechanistically, bulk RNA sequencing, western blotting, and the p38 inhibitor SB203580 demonstrated that FAM19A4 drives neutrophil ROS release specifically through p38 MAPK signaling activation. These results indicate that FAM19A4 is upregulated during sepsis and exacerbates outcomes by enhancing neutrophil ROS production via p38 MAPK, representing a promising therapeutic target for this condition.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687190</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FAM19A4 Enhances Neutrophil Respiratory Burst via p38 MAPK in Lethal Sepsis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687321v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissecting mammalian cortical circuit development at single-cell resolution using inducible barcoded rabies virus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.07.687321v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Highly organized circuits of connected neurons enable diverse brain functions. Improper development of these circuits is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and understanding how circuits are formed is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms of these diseases. We currently have an incomplete picture of how specific brain circuits develop and how they are affected in disease, because we lack methods to study them at scale and with single-cell resolution. Monosynaptic rabies tracing is the gold standard method to study circuit architecture. However, it suffers from cellular toxicity, low throughput, lack of control over the timing of labeling, and the inability to access the molecular profiles of individual neurons. To address these issues, we developed an inducible barcoded rabies virus (ibRV) to enable temporal-controlled labeling of synaptic circuits followed by high-throughput single-cell genomics readout. ibRV allows for dissecting neuronal circuit changes over time at single-cell and spatial resolution. We applied ibRV to study the development of specific mouse cortical circuits during late prenatal and postnatal life using single-cell genomics and unbiased spatial transcriptomics as readouts. We characterized and quantified developmental connectivity patterns and molecular cascades that underlie their formation. Additionally, we constructed functional in silico circuit models that enable interrogation of circuit function and dysfunction at specific developmental stages. Our study provides novel tools for circuit analysis and can provide new insights into the mechanisms of mammalian brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>D'Arcy, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arroyo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deasy, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Matthews, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rastogi, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mancia Leon, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaur, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Southwell, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Z. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silver, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velmeshev, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687321</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissecting mammalian cortical circuit development at single-cell resolution using inducible barcoded rabies virus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687756v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential controls of forelimb versus whole-body movements by striatum 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.10.687756v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spikes in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of the basal ganglia correlate with forelimb and whole-body movements, but the extent to which they contribute to movement remains unclear. Using behavior-timed optogenetic inhibition in rats performing a lever-release task, we found that DLS inhibition delayed the initiation of forelimb reaching and conditioned lever release and, when delivered during reaching, interrupted execution. Inhibition during reward retrieval impaired locomotion, especially turning, reducing movement speed and resulting in less efficient trajectories. By contrast, inhibition before the nose poke that triggered reward delivery had little effect, despite substantial DLS activity at the nose poke. These effects were accompanied by bidirectional changes in firing rates in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, a basal ganglia output nucleus, and were much weaker when the dorsomedial striatum was perturbed. Together, these findings suggest that expression of many, but not all, learned movement patterns depends continuously on DLS activity.

TeaserBriefly silencing striatal neurons during behavior reveals that the dorsolateral striatum helps initiate and control the execution of forelimb and whole-body movements in rats.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.10.687756</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential controls of forelimb versus whole-body movements by striatum]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687825v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Scalable spike sorting across thousands of neurons by modeling neural dynamics with NeuroSort 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.687825v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neural circuit research requires resolving the functional coding mechanisms at the single-neuron scale. However, neural signals captured from extracellular recordings are inherently complex, shaped both by electrode properties and the spatially distributed neural population activity across recording sites. These factors introduce strong signal mixing and waveform variation, making it diffcult for existing spike sorting methods to reliably isolate individual neurons from large-scale recodings. To address this, we develop NeuroSort, which fuses spatiotemporal information through a contrastive learning strategy to adaptively model neural dynamics. NeuroSort is a GPU-enabled, highly efficient spike sorting framework, enabling the isolating of up to thousands of neurons. We validated NeuroSort on in vivo extracellular recordings, including Utah array data from rhesus macaques performing motor tasks and Neuropixels 1.0 probe data from a rat during rest. Moreover, in a recording collected by the 1,024-channel Neuroscroll probe, NeuroSort sorted the largest number of well-isolated neurons from different brain areas while achieving a 2-8 times speedup over other methods. Taken together, NeuroSort generalizes across recording conditions, providing an interpretable and scalable paradigm for whole-brain dynamic analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.687825</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Scalable spike sorting across thousands of neurons by modeling neural dynamics with NeuroSort]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.684658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
mRNA isoform switching plays a crucial role in mural cumulus differentiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.11.684658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
During gonadotropin-induced ovarian follicle development, an antral cavity forms within the layers of granulosa cells (GCs). Gonadotropin stimulation also differentiates the GCs into two distinct lineages: mural GCs (mGCs), which surround the antral cavity, and cumulus GCs (cGCs), which stay in contact with the oocyte. We examined the transcriptomes of mouse mural and cumulus cells to understand the mechanism of differentiation. In addition to analyzing a single transcript expression per gene, we also considered multiple isoform expressions to explore differential transcriptomics. GC-specific core transcription factors Foxl2, Nr5a1, Nr5a2, Runx1, and Runx2 were expressed at high levels in mGCs but downregulated in cGCs, indicating that cGCs acquire a more differentiated state. Both single-transcript and multiple-isoform analyses revealed differential expression of about 70% of transcripts between mGCs and cGCs. Although the counts were similar, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the single transcript level did not correlate well with the respective differentially expressed transcript isoforms (DETI). We identified DETIs originating from key epigenetic and transcriptional regulator genes, such as Chd1, Ezh2, Kdm5a, Kdm5b, Gata4, Esr2, Fos, Myc, and Ybx1, that were not differentially expressed at the single-transcript analysis. Further analysis revealed a transcript switch in one-third of the DETIs. Most of the transcript isoforms were protein-coding, followed by non-coding regulatory RNAs. A total of 1,302 transcript isoforms were silenced in cGCs, including those of Adar, Cebpa, Dnmt3a, Foxo4, Pgr, Rest, Runx1, Satb2, Sirt1, Sirt2, and Tead1. Conversely, 529 transcript isoforms were activated in cGCs, including transcripts for Brd7, Crem, Chd1, Med21, Med27, Nfkbia, Rbm39, Rbmx, Suv39h2, Tcf12, Xist, and Ybx3. Additionally, 57 genes exhibited DETIs, with at least one isoform turned off and another turned on in cGCs, including Csde1, Dab2, Ezh2, Gata4, Gnas, Gtf2i, Macf1, Klf10, Setdb1, and Sp3. Finally, we explored the mechanisms underlying transcript switching during the differentiation of mGCs and cGCs. Our findings suggest that gonadotropin-induced transcript switching in GCs is crucial for mural and cumulus granulosa differentiation, a key insight that would be missed without mRNA isoform analysis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shila, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pei, G. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peramsetty, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bahadursingh, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dahiya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marsh, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thiyagarajan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fields, P. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rumi, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.11.684658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[mRNA isoform switching plays a crucial role in mural cumulus differentiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688393v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mesoscopic viscous-to-elastic transition underlies aging of biomolecular condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.13.688393v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aging of biomolecular condensates, which progressively leads to solid-like states, is closely linked to biological functions and diseases. However, a unified physical picture that captures the aging dynamics remains elusive. Here, we introduce a phenomenological model in which a condensate is a composite of viscous and elastic elements with coexisting serial and parallel connections. The model naturally yields a relaxation modulus with two relaxation times, unifying the Maxwell and Jeffreys models as special limits. When applied to aging PGL-3 condensates, our model reveals that aging is primarily driven by the conversion of viscous elements into elastic ones. In contrast, the mesoscopic structure topology of the condensates remains approximately invariant. Our stochastic theory of element dynamics also predicts that the condensate viscosity either increases exponentially, in agreement with experiments, or as a power law of the waiting time, governed by a single parameter that depends on temperature and the molecular interaction strength.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.13.688393</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mesoscopic viscous-to-elastic transition underlies aging of biomolecular condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688408v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Yuanyang allele pairs enable engineered obligate co-inheritance for population replacement and suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.14.688408v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mendels law of segregation, which dictates independent assortment of alleles, is a cornerstone of genetics. Here, we present the Yuanyang allele pair (YYAP), an engineered underdominance gene drive system that enforces obligate co-dependency between homologous alleles via synthetic toxin-antitoxin circuits. This design produces a striking deviation from classical Mendelian segregation: YYAP alleles cannot segregate independently, reshaping inheritance outcomes without altering the physical mechanics of meiosis. In Drosophila melanogaster, optimized YYAP strain K711 exhibits >99% hemizygous lethality when crossed with wild type, while maintaining stable transmission and high fitness in transheterozygotes. Cage experiments demonstrate efficient population replacement, positioning YYAP as a confined, resistance-proof alternative to CRISPR homing gene drives. Release of only males represents a self-limiting suppression strategy that was also successful in cage experiments. By imposing a near-complete postzygotic incompatibility, YYAP establishes a programmable framework that not only supports pest management, but also enables modeling of reproductive isolation and allelic co-dependency, thereby creating opportunities to explore speciation and broader synthetic inheritance systems in ecology and evolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hua, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.14.688408</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Yuanyang allele pairs enable engineered obligate co-inheritance for population replacement and suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688726v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Shared neural geometries for bilingual semantic representations 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688726v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain has the remarkable ability to comprehend and express similar concepts in multiple languages. To understand how it does so, we examined responses of hippocampal neurons during passive listening, directed speaking, and spontaneous conversation, in both English and Spanish, in a small group of balanced bilinguals. We find a small number of putative cross-language neurons, whose responses to equivalent words (e.g., "tierra" and "earth") are correlated. However, neurons semantic tunings differed substantially by language, suggesting language-specific neural implementations. Instead, the crucial driver of translation was a preserved geometric organization of neural responses between the two languages, one that did not depend on neuron level functional overlap. Indeed, that geometry was implemented by a common set of neurons along distinct readout axes; this difference in readout may help prevent cross-language interference. Together, these results suggest that hippocampus encodes a language-independent internal model for meaning.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishna, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Arsdel, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gautam, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shrivastava, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belanger, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chavez, A. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chericoni, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ismail, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katlowitz, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mickiewicz, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paulo, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldman, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krishnan, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maheshwari, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bartoli, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Provenza, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S. B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheth, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688726</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Shared neural geometries for bilingual semantic representations]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Global Mapping of circRNA-Target RNA Interactions Reveals P-Body-Mediated Translational Repression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.16.688748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are primarily produced through pre-mRNA back-splicing, yet their target repertoire and functional mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we present circTargetMap, a computational framework for globally mapping circRNA targets using RNA-RNA interactomes obtained via RNA in situ conformation sequencing (RIC-seq) in the hippocampus and ten human cell lines. This approach identified 117,163 high-confidence circRNA-target RNA interactions, with 83% of target mRNAs bound by multiple circRNAs. Functionally, CDR1as and circRMST repress target mRNA translation by sequestering them into processing bodies (P-bodies)--membraneless granules--through sequence-specific base-pairing, probably independent of AGO2, DICER, and miRNAs. To directly capture granule-associated interactions, we developed granule RIC-seq (GRIC-seq) method, revealing the broad role of circRNA-target RNA interactions in translational repression. Moreover, pathogenic variants are significantly enriched around circRNA-target RNA interaction sites, suggesting potential roles in disease. Our study provides valuable resources for circRNA functional exploration and a framework for investigating RNA-RNA interactions within membraneless organelles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.16.688748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Global Mapping of circRNA-Target RNA Interactions Reveals P-Body-Mediated Translational Repression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Vectorial boundary representation of 3D layout in human visual cortex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.17.688791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Human spatial navigation relies on the brains ability to visually represent the 3D layout of the environment. To understand how the brain encodes the layout information, it is crucial to identify the key features of environmental layout and how they are processed in the human brain. The vector coding principle, which highlight the role of boundary distance and orientation, provides a theoretical framework supported by physiological evidence from rodents. In this study, we developed a reconstruction approach to quantitatively estimate 3D layout information from natural indoor scene images. This approach enabled analyses of fMRI data from the large-scale Natural Scenes Dataset (NSD) using vector-based models of 3D layout. To validate the NSD-based results and examine task-related dynamics, we further conducted fMRI and MEG experiments with navigation-related and non-navigational tasks. Controlling for low-, mid-, and high-level visual and semantic features of natural indoor scenes, we found a spatiotemporal dissociation between boundary distance and orientation representations in the human brain. Relative distance was encoded in the early visual cortex during early processing in a task-invariant manner, whereas orientation was represented in scene-selective higher visual areas during later processing and was modulated by navigation-related tasks. Importantly, task modulation manifested as feedback-induced enhancement of orientation coding in the early visual cortex. Together, these findings provide a novel perspective on how the human brain represents navigation-relevant information about the immediate surrounding environment, advancing our understanding of the neural mechanisms that link perception to action in spatial navigation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.17.688791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Vectorial boundary representation of 3D layout in human visual cortex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genotype-phenotype correlations in Wilms tumor initiation. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.19.689177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, arises from abnormal embryonic kidney development. Therapy resistance and tumor recurrence remain major challenges, likely driven by the presence of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Here, we elucidate the earliest pathogenic events in genetically engineered mouse models exhibiting loss of Wt1 or LIN28B overexpression, two Wilms tumor driver genes. Loss of Wt1 leads to a disturbance of lineage identity of the mutant cells, whereas LIN28B leads to a disturbed transition between uninduced and induced NPC (nephron progenitor cell) state. In both cases the appearance of cells positive for all four Wilms tumor cancer stem cell markers is the result of the tumor initiating mutation. The existence of genotype-phenotype correlations in primary developmental phenotypes and cancer stem cell expression patterns has important implications for therapeutic opportunities and requirements.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pop, N. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koot, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouwers, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Linssen, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Claassens, J. W. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Catrlidge, C. W. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozdemir, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dolt, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hohenstein, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.19.689177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genotype-phenotype correlations in Wilms tumor initiation.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689377v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causality-oriented regulatory inference and rational transcriptomic reprogramming design with CASCADE 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689377v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Systematically elucidating the causal structure of gene expression regulation is the foundation for identifying key regulators of cellular function and designing rational interventions thereof. While advances in high-content perturbation screens enables experimental probing of causal regulatory effects, the massive genomic scale, measurement noise and confounding factors pose significant challenges for existing causal discovery and inference algorithms. Here, we present CASCADE, an end-to-end framework that integrates de novo causal discovery with prior regulatory knowledge for genome-wide causal discovery and inference. In addition to its superior performance on causal regulatory structure discovery and counterfactual inference for unseen perturbation effects, CASCADE enables, for the first time, causality-oriented rational intervention design for transcriptomic programming towards various targeted cells within a unified framework.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cao, Z.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689377</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causality-oriented regulatory inference and rational transcriptomic reprogramming design with CASCADE]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689585v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Human-In-the-Loop Drug Design Framework with Equivariant Rectified Flow 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.20.689585v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Advancements in AI-based drug design often face obstacles due to incomplete datasets, hindering progress to clinical trials. Human experts bring invaluable expertise and nuanced contextual understanding to drug design. There are two main difficulties in integrating human knowledge into the drug development process. First, human annotations are costly, and traditional machine learning algorithms require a large number of samples to be effective. Second, human experts are unable to accurately describe their expertise using natural language, nor can they precisely specify what kind of molecule is needed before seeing the generated molecules. To address these problems, we propose a new platform, called HIL-DD, for experts to infuse their experience by selecting molecules generated by AI that meet their criteria, or discarding those that do not. The core generative technology utilizes an Equivariant Rectified Flow Model (ERFM), which offers faster generation speeds than conventional diffusion models, enabling efficient human-AI collaboration. More importantly, we provide a user-friendly interface to ensure smooth and effective collaboration between human experts and AI systems. Rigorous experiments demonstrate that our system can produce 3D molecules that align with expert expectations in minimal interactive sessions. These generated molecules maintain drug-like qualities comparable to those created by current state-of-the-art models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-21</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.20.689585</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Human-In-the-Loop Drug Design Framework with Equivariant Rectified Flow]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-21</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689834v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Loss of SPECC1L in cranial neural crest cells results in increased hedgehog signaling and frontonasal dysplasia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.21.689834v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
SPECC1L encodes a cytoskeletal scaffolding protein that interacts with filamentous actin, microtubules, and cell junctional components. In humans, autosomal dominant mutations in SPECC1L cause a syndrome characterized by craniofrontonasal anomalies including broad nasal bridge, ocular hypertelorism, prominent forehead, and cleft lip/palate. Complete loss of SPECC1L in mice on a homogenous genetic background results in perinatal lethality, accompanied by subtle cranial differences and incompletely penetrant cleft palate. This lethality limits postnatal analysis of craniofacial development. Because cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) contribute extensively to the formation of anterior craniofacial structures, we investigated whether disruption of SPECC1L in CNCCs contributes to the craniofrontonasal phenotypes observed in SPECC1L-related syndrome. We generated a Specc1l-floxed allele and crossed it with the Wnt1-Cre2 deleter strain, which drives Cre recombinase expression in the dorsal neuroectoderm and NCCs. Most homozygous mutant Specc1l{Delta}CNCC mutants survived postnatally and exhibited hallmark features of the human SPECC1L-related syndrome, including shortened skulls, reduced frontal bone area, nasal defects, and midface hypoplasia. The cranial mesenchyme of Specc1l{Delta}CNCC mice displayed shortened primary cilia and increased Hedgehog (Hh) signaling activity at E13.5, as evidenced by enhanced GLI1 immunostaining. These defects were also observed early in E9.5 facial prominences, indicating that they are etiologic in nature. Collectively, Specc1l{Delta}CNCC mice provide a novel model for investigating the roles of CNCCs, primary cilia, and Hh signaling in frontonasal prominence and midfacial development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tran, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hufft-Martinez, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thalman, D. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maili, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKinney, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goering, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trainor, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.21.689834</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Loss of SPECC1L in cranial neural crest cells results in increased hedgehog signaling and frontonasal dysplasia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.689595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Injury-induced tau pathology promotes aggressive behavior in Drosophila without neurodegeneration. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.22.689595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The microtubule-associated protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, but its physiological roles remain poorly understood. Here, we find that pan-neuronal expression of human tau (HsTau) in Drosophila coupled with injury triggers hyper-aggression in male flies, which is absent in flies expressing non-phosphorylatable tau. These behavioral manifestations result from activation of dopaminergic circuits without neurodegeneration. Using in vitro reconstitution assays, we find that phosphorylated HsTau maintains microtubule binding but loses its ability to suppress catastrophes, thereby promoting microtubule dynamicity. In contrast, unphosphorylated HsTau and fly tau (DmTau) stabilize microtubules by reducing catastrophe frequency. Our findings challenge the canonical view of tau as a simple microtubule stabilizer and instead position it as a dynamic regulator of microtubule function and neuronal excitability. These results reveal how acute tau phosphorylation can alter neural circuit function and behavior prior to neurodegeneration, providing new insights into taus physiological and pathological roles.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maxson, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smoyer, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hampton, M. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wiese, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yee, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Funtila, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKenney, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ori-McKenney, K. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.22.689595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Injury-induced tau pathology promotes aggressive behavior in Drosophila without neurodegeneration.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690426v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Oncogenic RAS activity is linked to immune priming and adenosine-driven immune evasion in lung adenocarcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690426v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with RAS signalling as a key oncogenic driver. Although KRAS mutations have been linked to immune evasion in preclinical models, the relationship between RAS activity and tumour immunity or response to immunotherapy in patients remains unclear. Here, we applied our previously validated RAS84 transcriptional signature to stratify LUAD patient cohorts and dissect the immune landscape associated with RAS signalling. We report that tumours with elevated RAS activity exhibited features of immune priming, including increased immune infiltration, interferon response, and immune checkpoint gene expression, and showed improved progression-free survival in an independent cohort of patients treated with anti-PD-1. Yet, in both LUAD tumours and cell lines, RAS activity also correlated with elevated immunosuppressive interstitial adenosine mediated by transcriptional regulation of several components of the adenosinergic pathway. In orthotopic pre-clinical models of high-RAS activity lung tumours, blocking adenosine signalling delayed tumour growth and improved response to anti-PD-1 and KRAS inhibition, with a significant effect on innate immunity. This study reveals a dual role for RAS signalling in tumour progression, fostering a pro-immunogenic environment whilst simultaneously dampening anti-tumoural immunity via mechanisms including extracellular adenosine accumulation. Stratifying patients based on RAS transcriptional activity, rather than genetic alterations alone, could inform immunotherapy strategies and improve clinical outcomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>de Carne Trecesson, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>East, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pillsbury, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Silva dos Santos, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colliver, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gilmore, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rana, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lighterness, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caswell, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boumelha, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tomaschko, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eyles, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saeed, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Litchfield, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Molina-Arcas, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>MacRae, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hobson, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swanton, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Downward, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690426</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Oncogenic RAS activity is linked to immune priming and adenosine-driven immune evasion in lung adenocarcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690320v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Slab-PTM: A Coarse-Grained Force Field Parameter Patch for Modeling Post-Translational Modification Effects on Biomolecular Condensates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690320v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play crucial roles in biomolecular condensate formation. While molecular dynamics simulations employing coarse-grained models have emerged as useful tools for studying IDP phase behavior, current force-field parameterizations remain limited in their ability to simulate post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are the critical regulatory elements of IDP involved condensation with profound biological implications.

To address this gap, we developed interaction parameters for five common PTM types: phosphorylated serine (pSer), threonine (pThr), and tyrosine (pTyr); acetylated lysine (AcLys); and asymmetric dimethylarginine (aDMA). Using all-atom umbrella sampling simulations, we computed residue-specific potentials of mean force (PMFs) between modified and canonical amino acids. These PMF-derived parameters were systematically integrated into the established slab-geometry coarse-grained models (CALVADOS and Mpipi) via an additive module termed as Slab-PTM. Benchmark simulations demonstrate that Slab-PTM accurately captures the effects of PTMs on IDP phase behavior while remaining fully compatible with existing LLPS simulation frameworks. In addition, Slab-PTM enables the identification of molecular grammar elements through which PTMs modulate IDP-driven phase separation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690320</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Slab-PTM: A Coarse-Grained Force Field Parameter Patch for Modeling Post-Translational Modification Effects on Biomolecular Condensates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690911v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-stem-loop constrained library enables accelerated SELEX for aptamers with superior kinetics and affinity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690911v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acids with ligand-binding capacity as cost-effective alternatives to antibodies. However, their utility is often undermined by the inherent conformational instability of single-stranded nucleic acids, which can compromise binding kinetics and final affinity. To overcome this critical limitation, we synthesized a novel primary library incorporating multiple inlaid stem-loop structures to enhance molecular stability and rigidity. This structural constraint dramatically accelerated the selection process, allowing us to isolate aptamer candidates with superior affinity in just three rounds of SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment), a significant reduction compared to conventional methodologies. Critically, the resulting aptamer demonstrated higher affinity and faster binding kinetics compared to previously reported sequences, which directly validate our hypothesis that structural stabilization leads to high-performance aptamers. This methodology, which integrated rational conformational constraint with a high-throughput selection process, offered a generalizable strategy to efficiently select aptamers with excellent kinetic and thermodynamic performance for demanding applications such as continuous, real-time ligand detection.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690911</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-stem-loop constrained library enables accelerated SELEX for aptamers with superior kinetics and affinity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690313v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative spatial multi-omics reveals prognostic tumor niches in female genital tumors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.24.690313v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Female genital tumors (FGTs), including ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers, pose a major global health challenge, yet their spatial and molecular determinants of progression and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. Here we present a large-scale integrative spatial and multi-omics atlas of FGTs, combining exome, transcriptome, methylome, and miRNA sequencing with high-resolution Visium HD spatial transcriptomics, profiling over 62 million cells from 100 tumors. We show that HPV-driven suppression of TGF{beta} signaling in cervical cancer disrupts myofibroblast (myCAF) formation and reshapes immune infiltration, while serous tumors exhibit extensive oncogene amplifications that activate MYC and PI3K pathways, linking chromosomal instability (CIN) to proliferative, immune-cold phenotypes. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer, we identify a previously unrecognized malignant domain, the Proliferating Core Desert (PCD) niche, defined by CIN-high epithelial enrichment, immune exclusion, stromal protection, and chemotherapy resistance, maintained through crosstalk with macrophages and fibroblasts. Finally, we develop POWER, a pathology foundation model that predicts PCD niche abundance from routine H&E slides, enabling robust stratification of prognosis and anti-angiogenic therapy response.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.24.690313</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative spatial multi-omics reveals prognostic tumor niches in female genital tumors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PKU tags, novel genetically encoded shape tags for cell labeling in light and electron microscopy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Distinguishing among neuronal cell types is crucial for deciphering complex neural networks and brain functions. However, the current repertoire of cell-labeling tools compatible with light microscopy (LM) and/or electron microscopy (EM) is limited compared to the vast number of cell types in the brain. Here, we introduce PKU (polymer king-size unit) tags, genetically encoded "shape tags" that leverage the polymerization of self-assembling proteins, spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins and, optionally, a nuclear targeting sequence to generate a series of multi-shaped (spherical or filamentous), multi-colored (blue, green, red, near-infrared) and multi-localized (cytosolic or nuclear) tags. By co-expressing multiple PKU tags within the same cell, a combinatorial strategy further expands the repertoire, which can theoretically yield hundreds of unique labeling patterns. Expressing PKU tags in vivo provides multi-cell-type labeling and neuronal circuit tracing, without altering the animals behavior or transcriptomic profiles. Moreover, when fused to the peroxidase APEX2, PKU tags maintain their shape-specific features, providing shape "barcoding" using EM. Thus, PKU tags represent a versatile and efficient toolkit for studying connectomics using both LM and EM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sun, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PKU tags, novel genetically encoded shape tags for cell labeling in light and electron microscopy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690572v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Antibody-Protein L Functionalized Microparticles for Detection of Surface Markers in Heterogeneous Colorectal Lesions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.25.690572v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Visualization of colorectal cancer (CRC) lesions is complicated by their location in the colon and tumor morphology. Reliance on a single surface biomarker for direct identification risks false negatives due to temporal changes and/or tumor heterogeneity. We developed a multiplexed system of complementary biomarker targets in an effort to capture a broader range of lesions with diverse temporal and/or phenotypic expression. We identified Mucin-1 (MUC1) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) as useful targeting pairs by examining multiple colon tumor subtypes in a standard tissue array, and by surveying multiple CRC cell lines, both as 2D cultures and as 3D tumoroids, for the presence of the CRC surface biomarkers. We demonstrated the utility of a "universal" surface functionalization approach using Antibody-Protein L functionalized microparticles (APL-MPs) that enabled the simultaneous incorporation of antibodies recognizing MUC1 and EPCAM. Using CRC cell heterogeneous tumoroids expressing both MUC1 and EPCAM (HET-tumoroids) and orthotopic animal cancer models designed to express both surface antigens, we demonstrated that: 1) APL-MPs identified MUC1- and EPCAM-positive tumoroids in proportion to antigen expression; 2) APL-MPs detected CRC surface antigens on the luminal colon surface in vivo, and 3) concurrent targeting of multiple surface antigens enhanced the sensitivity of detection of heterogeneous CRC lesions. This approach opens the door for the use of antibody-protein L dual-targeting MPs in a variety of applications to detect heterogeneous cancer lesions.

SignificanceMulti-antigen targeting of MUC1 and EPCAM with Antibody-Protein L microparticles enhances the detection sensitivity of heterogeneous colorectal cancer lesions, offering a promising strategy for the accurate visualization of tumors in complex environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ramezani, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zacharias, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Norton, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, J. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dominic, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Armijo, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wendt, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carson, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harrington, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farach-Carson, M. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhattacharya, P. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.25.690572</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Antibody-Protein L Functionalized Microparticles for Detection of Surface Markers in Heterogeneous Colorectal Lesions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690690v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Epitope and functional classification of human neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV Gn 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690690v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a lethal bunyavirus lacking approved countermeasures. From SFTS survivors, we isolate 84 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc. Gn-specific mAbs demonstrate superior neutralization breadth and potency compared to the restricted neutralizing activity observed with Gc. Using a high-throughput yeast display deep mutational scanning (DMS) platform, we classify Gn-head mAbs into eight epitope groups, among which four groups (IA, ID, IIIA, IIIB) conferring neutralization. Notably, mAbs BD70-4003 (group IA) and BD70-4017 (group IIIA) exhibit broad neutralization and provide 100% protection in a lethal mouse model. Cryo-EM structural analysis of these mAbs in complex with the Gn-head reveal their binding interfaces, directly validating the epitope residues identified by DMS. Our study delineates the antigenic landscape of SFTSV Gn, identifies potent therapeutic candidates, and establishes DMS coupled with structural validation as a powerful framework for antibody discovery against bunyavirus.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jian, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-11-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690690</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Epitope and functional classification of human neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV Gn]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-11-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690418v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
FuzzAletheia: Mapping dynamic interaction landscapes of intrinsically disordered protein-ligand complexes to accelerate ligand optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690418v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), representing more than 30% of human proteome, present great challenges in rational drug design due to their highly flexible conformations and dynamic interactions. Though their malfunction is linked to major diseases, IDPs are difficult to target. A critical roadblock lies in hit-to-lead optimization due to their dynamic interactions with hit compounds. Here we developed FuzzAletheia, an IDP-ligand dynamic binding pattern analyzer, to accelerate hit optimization. It analyzes the molecular dynamics simulation trajectories of IDP-ligand to cluster interactions into distinct spatiotemporal stable binding features, which are then visualized and quantified to provide insights into the dynamic binding orientation, strength, and stability. This analysis pinpoints modification sites on hit compounds for optimization. We applied FuzzAletheia to the disordered p53 transactivation domain 1 and its hit compound 1050. Guided by FuzzAletheia analysis, we designed and synthesized six derivatives of 1050 and the most potent compound achieved a 10-fold enhancement in activity, demonstrating its power to accelerate IDP hit optimization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690418</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[FuzzAletheia: Mapping dynamic interaction landscapes of intrinsically disordered protein-ligand complexes to accelerate ligand optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690622v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the Peptide Interaction Fingerprint of the Behcet's disease associated HLA-B*51 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690622v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The strongest genetic risk factor for Behcets disease, a relapsing inflammatory disorder marked by recurrent mucocutaneous ulcers and uveitis, is an allele of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecule, which presents intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells. The molecular mechanisms linking the peptide preferences of this allele (HLA-B*51:01) to dysregulated immunity remain unclear, limiting efforts to design peptide-based modulators of antigen presentation. Here, we define HLA-B*51:01s peptide selection rules by mapping the "interaction fingerprint" of 36 self-peptides using long-duration all-atom MD simulations. These uncovered a conserved hydrophobic-polar blueprint that is tuned by peptide length. High-speed atomic force microscopy rate in silico pulling experiments suggest a three-tier hierarchy of mechanical resilience: 9-mers resist the highest forces, 8-mers exhibit intermediate resistance, and 10/11-mers rupture most easily. Our comprehensive analysis provides an atomistic framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying HLA-B*51:01 pathobiology and offers quantitative parameters to guide the design of therapeutic peptides or small molecules to modulate antigen presentation in Behcets disease.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEBehcets disease is strongly linked to HLA-B*51:01, a molecule that displays protein fragments to killer T cells, yet how this allele selects its peptides is poorly understood. Here, we combine all-atom equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with steered MD pulling simulations that mimic high-speed atomic force microscopy experiments to map how 36 self-peptides of different lengths engage the HLA-B*51:01 groove. We uncover a conserved hydrophobic-polar interaction blueprint and show that 9-mers form the mechanically most resilient complexes, whereas shorter or longer peptides detach more easily under force. This length-tuned interaction "fingerprint" provides an atomistic framework for understanding HLA-B*51:01-driven immune dysregulation and guides the rational design of peptide-based or small-molecule modulators for Behcets disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, S. Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Basturk, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gul, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gur, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690622</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the Peptide Interaction Fingerprint of the Behcet's disease associated HLA-B*51]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690831v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Functional Resting-State Network Atlas Based on 420 Older Adults with Hypertension 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.26.690831v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The Risk Reduction for Alzheimers Disease (rrAD) trial included 513 cognitively normal, sedentary, hypertensive older adults (aged 60 to 85 years) with dementia risk factors. We utilized 420 high-quality baseline resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans from this cohort to develop a functional atlas tailored for aging populations. Typical rs-fMRI atlases derived from healthy young adults do not account for age-related changes, such as cortical atrophy, enlarged ventricles, and altered connectivity. To address this gap, we created a cohort-specific MNI-adjacent anatomical template, rrAD420, using SPM12s DARTEL registration. In this space, we derived a comprehensive functional atlas using both group independent component analysis (GICA) and probabilistic functional mode decomposition (PROFUMO). The rrAD420 atlas offers detailed representations of Resting-State Network (RSN) connectivity, encompassing unique configurations and overlapping interactions. It features two Default-Mode Network (DMN)-specific seed-based maps (DMN24 with cerebellum, DMN18 without) and data-driven components resembling the major RSNs. Furthermore, PROFUMO allowed for the identification of multimodal and combinatory networks, capturing connections within and between RSNs. While optimized for hypertensive older adults, the rrAD420 atlas serves as a versatile tool for broader aging populations, aiding in the study of neurodegenerative processes and biomarker discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Scheel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fernandez, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baker, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yanev, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keller, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Binder, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vidoni, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Stowe, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kerwin, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cullum, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hynan, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vongpatanasin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, D. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690831</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Functional Resting-State Network Atlas Based on 420 Older Adults with Hypertension]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690966v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Rejuvenation capacity of genetic versus human-optimized chemical reprogramming in cellular aging models 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.27.690966v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cellular reprogramming with transient OSKM expression can reverse aging phenotypes, but genetic factor delivery introduces heterogeneous expression, reprogramming-associated stress, and barriers for therapeutic use. Small-molecule chemical reprogramming is an alternative, yet its performance relative to genetic approaches in human cells is unresolved. We directly compared a human-optimized chemical reprogramming protocol with doxycycline-inducible OSKM in progerin-induced aged fibroblasts and primary fibroblasts from donors over 85. Both reprogramming methods reduced senescence, mitochondrial ROS, and age-associated gene expression, with chemical reprogramming matching or exceeding OSKM efficacy. The two approaches, however, followed distinct trajectories. OSKM generated heterogeneous populations, including subsets acquiring pluripotency markers while others retained fibroblast identity. Chemical reprogramming produced uniform CD13-low populations without pluripotency marker induction. OSKM induced acute senescence that required a chase period to resolve, whereas chemical reprogramming lowered senescence during active treatment. In old fibroblasts, chemical reprogramming reversed multiple aging hallmarks while preserving fibroblast identity and avoiding telomerase activation. These results show that human-optimized chemical reprogramming can rejuvenate aged human fibroblasts with comparable efficacy to OSKM while generating more homogeneous outcomes and lower cellular stress, supporting small-molecule approaches as promising avenues for therapeutic rejuvenation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ergul, O. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Onder, T. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.27.690966</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Rejuvenation capacity of genetic versus human-optimized chemical reprogramming in cellular aging models]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.28.691094v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein-1 Integrates Insulin/IGF-1 and TOR Signaling to Negatively Regulate Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.28.691094v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPhosphatidylinositol transfer protein-1 (pitp-1) is involved in phosphoinositide turnover. The role of pitp-1 in promoting healthy longevity remains unknown. Our previous work showed that the phosphoinositide turnover genes dagl-1 and dgk-5 regulates lifespan, as overexpression of dagl-1 or knockdown of dgk-5 prolongs lifespan and enhances oxidative stress resistance through TOR signaling. As pitp-1 is a key component of this pathway, we investigated its role in lifespan regulation and the underlying mechanisms, aiming to clarify whether it represents a critical regulator of healthy longevity and how it coordinates conserved signaling pathways to regulate aging.

MethodsC. elegans mutants, RNAi-mediated knockdown, and transgenic overexpression were applied to assess lifespan, motility, stress resistance. Temporal and tissue-specific RNAi were applied to identify the critical time window and tissue for pitp-1-mediated lifespan regulation. TOR signaling was measured by phosphorylated S6 kinase and puromycin incorporation, and transcriptomic analysis identified affected pathways.

Resultspitp-1 negatively regulates lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetic deletion or RNAi-mediated knockdown of pitp-1 extends lifespan, attenuates age-related motility decline, and increases oxidative stress resistance. Temporal and spatial analyses reveal that suppression of pitp-1 in neurons during early adulthood is sufficient to promote healthy longevity. Mechanistically, these beneficial effects upon pitp-1 reduction are mediated by suppressing TOR signaling. Conversely, pitp-1 overexpression shortens lifespan and impairs healthspan via TOR activation. Moreover, pitp-1 is transcriptionally repressed by DAF-16 downstream of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), and contributes to IIS-mediated lifespan extension.

ConclusionThese findings identify pitp-1 as a novel regulator of healthy aging that integrates IIS and TOR pathways, providing new insights into conserved mechanisms for promoting healthy longevity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, S.-B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shanmugam, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, P.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ching, T.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, O. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuh, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.1101/2025.11.28.691094</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein-1 Integrates Insulin/IGF-1 and TOR Signaling to Negatively Regulate Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691401v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Disentangling Cephalopod Chromatophores Motor Units with Computer Vision 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.11.30.691401v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cephalopod chromatophores are skin pigment organs that enable unmatched camouflage through rapid, flexible and neurally controlled deformation. Although their morphology is well known, the organization of their motor control is not entirely understood. Here, we combine high-resolution videography with a dedicated computer-vision pipeline (CHROMAS) to investigate chromatophore control and their likely innervation in Euprymna berryi and Sepia officinalis. By segmenting chromatophores into radial slices and analyzing anisotropic deformations, we applied dimensionality reduction (PCA) and source separation (ICA) to estimate the number and spatial influence of motor neurons responsible for the control of individual and groups of chromatophores. On average, four independent components were detected (suggesting innervation by four motor neurons), each forming contiguous petal-shaped domains rather than causing uniform expansion. Clustering thousands of components revealed motor units spanning multiple chromatophores, most involving fewer than 14 but occasionally spanning more widely. These motor units displayed a wide variety of geometries, ranging from compact local groups to elongated or fragmented structures; they often overlapped, with repeated co-innervation of chromatophore pairs occurring more often than expected by chance. Expansion was consistently faster and more stereotyped than relaxation, consistent with active contraction (corresponding to chromatophore expansion) and passive recoil (chromatophore contraction). Together, these results show that individual chromatophores are not singular or uniform pixels, but rather contrast elements that can be fractionated into smaller territories, themselves coordinated with those of other chromatophores. This geometry of neural control enables, among others, the generation of virtual chromatophores, i.e., functional groupings of adjacent chromatophore territories that act as single units, as well as that of noise in the distribution of pixel shapes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Laurent, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renard, M. D. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ukrow, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmaleh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Evans, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.11.30.691401</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Disentangling Cephalopod Chromatophores Motor Units with Computer Vision]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691496v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Alphaviral capsid proteins inhibit stress granule assembly via competitive RNA binding with G3BP1 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691496v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Viral infection is one of the conditions that induces stress granule (SG) formation, a cellular defense mechanism that exerts antiviral effects. To counteract this host response, viruses have evolved a broad spectrum of strategies to inhibit SG formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SG inhibition remain poorly understood. The nucleocapsid proteins play a critical role in virus replication and host interaction. Here, using Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) as a model, we uncover the function of the alphavirus nucleocapsid in SG inhibition. This inhibitory function depends on oligomerization mediated by an N-terminal -helix and with a positively charged intrinsically disordered region (IDR). We show that SFV capsid directly competes with G3BP1 for RNA binding, thereby disrupting G3BP1-RNA liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and SG assembly in cells. This mechanism is conserved across the alphavirus family but is not shared by the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 or other endemic viruses examined. Notably, expression of a peptide from SFV capsid is sufficient to inhibit SG formation induced by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutations, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. Our findings reveal mechanistic insight into SG modulation by the viral capsid protein and provide a possible bioengineering tool for probing SG dynamics in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>YANG, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691496</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Alphaviral capsid proteins inhibit stress granule assembly via competitive RNA binding with G3BP1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691703v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sperm-specific fertility factors SMZ-1/2 promote FB-MO biogenesis and MSP filament assembly in C. elegans 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.01.691703v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In nematode sperm, motility is powered by polymerization of major sperm protein (MSP) into filaments assembled from a specialized organelle (FB-MO), but how filament formation begins is unclear. We identify two sperm-specific PDZ proteins, SMZ-1 and SMZ-2 (SMZ-1/2), that initiate MSP loading into pre-formed membranous organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans. SMZ-1/2 were expressed specifically in spermatogenic germ cells, colocalized with developing FB-MOs from diplotene through spermatid formation, and were redundant for fertility. Loss of SMZ-1/2 abolished MSP filaments, left MOs MSP-negative and morphologically immature, and caused primary spermatocyte arrest. Electron microscopy showed fewer, smaller FB-MOs lacking crystalline FBs, consistent with a defect in assembly initiation rather than late polymerization. SMZ-1/2 cytoplasmic structures were absent in spe-6 casein kinase mutants, placing SMZ-1/2 within a SPE-6-dependent initiation module. These findings identify SMZ-1/2 as PDZ scaffold proteins that initiate MSP assembly and couple kinase signaling to FB-MO biogenesis during nematode spermatogenesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jane, W.-N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, J.-c.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.01.691703</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sperm-specific fertility factors SMZ-1/2 promote FB-MO biogenesis and MSP filament assembly in C. elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692075v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Surface phase separation in a confined space 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692075v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biomolecular condensates frequently form near surfaces, including lipid membranes. However, the effect of a surface on phase separation within a cell, a confined system, remains elusive. In this work, we study surface phase separation under the constraint of a finite number of molecules in a confined space and identify three wetting states: thin, intermediate, and thick. Notably, the intermediate state, which is unstable in a fixed-chemical-potential system, can be stabilized in confinement below a critical width. Intriguingly, in wider systems, the intermediate solution becomes unstable due to a negative relationship between the chemical potential and the particle number, resulting in partial-wetting or prewetting droplets. Importantly, starting from a homogeneous surface, droplets can form only when the average volume fraction reaches the threshold of the intermediate state. Our theory elucidates the kinetic pathways of droplet formation in a confined system, providing crucial insights into how biomolecular condensates near surfaces respond to cellular events, such as the synthesis of biomolecules.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692075</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Surface phase separation in a confined space]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692110v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A panel of near-isogenic lines derived from locally adapted populations of a wild plant: A powerful tool for dissecting additive and non-additive effects on ecologically important traits 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692110v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Identifying and estimating the effects of loci contributing to natural variation in ecologically important traits can be hampered by quantitative inheritance, dominance, epistasis, and environmentally-dependent trait expression. Here we announce the availability of germplasm and sequence data for a reciprocal panel of near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from locally adapted natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, for investigating the genetic basis of ecologically important traits. We created a panel of 54 NILs and performed whole genome sequencing to precisely locate introgression segments(s) in each NIL. Deep sequencing largely confirmed prior knowledge of NIL genotypes but also identified multiple novel small introgressions and regions of residual heterozygosity. To illustrate the utility of this panel, we identified genomic regions underlying ecotypic differences in flowering time in a laboratory common garden experiment. We detected strong additive effects on flowering time in multiple NILs implicating the floral regulator FLC as expected based on previous quantitative trait locus studies. We also detected novel and complex contributions to ecotypic differences in flowering time, only visible in the NILs, hinting at contributions of epistatic effects. Our results highlight the utility of this panel for dissecting the genetic architecture of ecologically important traits, including the future potential for fine mapping of additive effects and testing for epistasis and linkage using NILs derived from the panel. This panel can be used by any member of the research community to investigate any of a broad suite of traits for which the parents differ.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mantel, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rojas-Gutierrez, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanderson, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jameel, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Woods, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dilkes, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Agren, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692110</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A panel of near-isogenic lines derived from locally adapted populations of a wild plant: A powerful tool for dissecting additive and non-additive effects on ecologically important traits]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692222v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploring multi-level microbial interactions from individual 3D genomes to community networks 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692222v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microbial communities interact with their hosts through complex genomic networks that influence ecosystem stability and disease progression. Here, we present FindMeta3D, a computational framework that simultaneously identifies microbial three-dimensional (3D) genome structures and cross-domain interaction networks. Applying this approach to 528 Hi-C samples, we resolved 3D genome structures of 344 microbial species, revealing five evolutionarily conserved chromatin folding patterns linked to intrinsic sequence features. Further analyses demonstrated distinct microbial-host interaction preferences and identified functional interaction hotspots that are critical for infection. Experimental deletion of such hotspots in the EBV genome resulted in significant infection defects, demonstrating their essential role in viral infectivity. Additionally, we constructed the first Cross-domain Microbial Interaction Network (CMIN), which uncovered pathogen-specific subnetworks and demonstrate dramatic restructuring of gut microbial communities in neutropenic patients, including enhanced Klebsiella-phage interactions. Subnetwork analysis identified potential phage therapy targets, such as Klebsiella phage ST16-OXA48phi5.4. These findings provide fundamental insights into microbial 3D genomics and establish FindMeta3D as a powerful platform for studying microbial genome structure and communities and developing antimicrobial strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hua-Jun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, K.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, R.-X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692222</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploring multi-level microbial interactions from individual 3D genomes to community networks]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692421v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Emergence and spread of outbreak-adapted Candidozyma auris harboring mutations in RBA1 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.04.692421v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Candidozyma auris is an emerging healthcare-associated fungal pathogen, increasingly isolated from clinical outbreaks, with a high propensity to colonize patients and the medical environment. Here, we leveraged C. auris isolates from multi-facility clinical outbreaks to identify genomic patho-adaptations promoting persistence and dissemination in the healthcare environment. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses revealed loss-of-function mutations in the uncharacterized C. auris transcription factor gene RBA1 to have independently emerged multiple times within these outbreaks. We demonstrate loss of RBA1 increases C. auris adhesion to plastic and human keratinocytes, enhances biofilm formation, and exacerbates fungal burden in a mouse model of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Finally, we uncover mutations in RBA1 have emerged during multiple C. auris outbreaks across the globe, and that RBA1 mutant lineages are present among large ongoing clinical outbreaks. These results reveal loss-of-function mutations in C. auris RBA1 as a novel and clinically relevant genetic determinant of enhanced outbreak characteristics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Doorley, L. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Bella, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asadzadeh, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choudhury, Q. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mokaddas, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Obaid, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alfouzan, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Banwan, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>O'Meara, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santiago-Tirado, F. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flores-Mireles, A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rybak, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.04.692421</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Emergence and spread of outbreak-adapted Candidozyma auris harboring mutations in RBA1]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691869v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Measuring and modeling ecological rates with neutral theory 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.02.691869v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The pace of change in ecological communities is central to classic and emerging problems in paleobiology and ecology. Yet measuring rates of change in community composition is problematic: traditional ecological rates (ecological distance divided by time) appear faster when measured over shorter time intervals, preventing straightforward interpretation of rates when time-scales vary. Similar problems arise when richness or sample size varies. We develop an approach that mitigates these issues using Hubbells neutral theory, a model in which species abundances change through stochastic births and deaths in a community with a fixed number of individuals J. Change in community composition is faster for smaller J, so 1/J provides a process-based rate metric that can be estimated from empirical time-series. We derive the likelihood for changes in community composition under neutral theory. Our approach accurately estimates rates in simulated data even when time-scale, richness, and sample size vary. We use Quaternary pollen cores to demonstrate the power of this method for comparing rates between sites and across time and testing for rate shifts. Our approach can be flexibly adapted to test hypotheses on the causes of ecological change, including tests of coordinated stasis, neutral theory, and the timing of anthropogenic change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Saulsbury, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wing, S. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hunt, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.02.691869</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Measuring and modeling ecological rates with neutral theory]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Information Network Flux interprets the importance of regulatory circuits in the protein and gene spaces 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.03.692218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cells receive information from environment, make decisions, and execute biological functions. This sensor-actuator controlling mode is common, and has benefits for system stability especially when there exist feedback-loops for action correction. In cells, transcription factors (TFs) play the role of "brain" since they control the expression levels of about 20,000 protein-coding genes. However, the detailed topological structure of the regulating relationships among them is far from clear. Circuitlike pathways, which usually contain protein-protein interactions (PPIs), TF-gene regulations and gene expressions, are pervasive in cells, however, their importance is yet to be systematically elucidated by unifying information at both protein and gene levels. Here we developed Information Network Flux (INF), an algorithm that could simulate information transmit on multi-layer networks, and integrate protein and gene level information for cell type specific pathways that respond to given perturbation. We used topological analysis to identify regulatory circuits and found that the TFs participating in these circuits, especially those acted as "sensor" or "actuator" are highly relevant to cellular response to external signals. At the gene level, circuit genes serve as efficient cell type indicators, which showed better performance than commonly used gene expression levels. At the circuit level, shorter circuits enrich housekeeping functions and longer circuits exhibit increased tissue-specificity. These findings suggest that these circuit pathways may contribute to the identity and stability of cell states.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xue, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.03.692218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Information Network Flux interprets the importance of regulatory circuits in the protein and gene spaces]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.691743v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Master clock-thalamic-prefrontal circuit controls circadian social priority 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.05.691743v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Social behaviors arise from complex brain operations that adapt to changing social contexts and internal states. However, how internal states guide the resolution of competing social goals remains unclear. Here, we show that prioritization between competing instincts follows a circadian pattern via a circuit linking the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Specifically, SCNVIP neurons project to Vipr2-expressing neurons in the nucleus reuniens (RE), which innervate the mPFC to regulate social prioritization. Vipr2 signaling in the RE is essential for circadian modulation of appetitive and consummatory social behaviors, aligning social behaviors with clock-regulated reproductive system. Overall, this SCN-RE-mPFC circuit provides a neural principle through which the master clock coordinates the prefrontal cortex to resolve a conflict of motivated behaviors by referencing an internal state.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rah, J.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choe, H. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.05.691743</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Master clock-thalamic-prefrontal circuit controls circadian social priority]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693597v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evolve and resequence provides a granular view of micro-evolution under different mating systems in Mimulus guttatus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.10.693597v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
We performed 10 generations of experimental evolution in Mimulus guttatus and measured genome-wide change in replicated populations that were compelled to reproduce entirely by self-fertilization, entirely by outcrossing, or by a mixture of the two. We developed a novel testing framework based on ancestral haplotype inference to locate mating system loci. Our results confirm several outstanding theoretical predictions: Selfing populations showed increased homozygosity, widespread hitch-hiking, and higher stochastic changes in allele frequencies compared to outcrossing populations. Despite this variability, approximately 20 genomic regions (QTLs) demonstrated parallel evolution across treatments. We identified candidate genes within QTLs using RNA sequencing data from the ancestral lines. In several instances, we found closely linked candidate genes, suggesting that by inhibiting recombination inbreeding can allow for selection on favorable gene combinations. We observed a general down-regulation of candidate genes in selfing populations, mirroring known transcriptome differences between established selfing and outcrossing sister species. This suggests that gene expression is a significant component of the "selfing syndrome."
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tusuubira, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madrigal-Roca, L. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brown, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kelly, J. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.10.693597</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evolve and resequence provides a granular view of micro-evolution under different mating systems in Mimulus guttatus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693329v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mapping the circulating proteome across neurodegeneration: A harmonized, consortium-scale framework for uncovering molecular pathophysiology 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.09.693329v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Large-scale plasma proteomics offers unprecedented opportunities to investigate the systemic biology of neurodegeneration, yet technical heterogeneity, site-specific artifacts, and clinical confounding remain major barriers to reproducible discovery. Leveraging data from 13,733 individuals with Alzheimers disease (AD), Parkinsons disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinsons disease dementia (PDD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and non-impaired controls in the Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium (GNPC), we present a scalable and generalizable analytical framework for harmonizing and interpreting consortium-scale proteomic datasets. Using a high-dimensional perturbation framework, we systematically benchmark five commonly used batch correction methods across a range of realistic confounding structures, including site-disease imbalance, nonlinear effects, and heteroskedasticity. Empirical Bayes modelling via limma consistently emerged as the most robust method, optimally balancing removal of site-related technical variance with retention of disease-relevant biological signal. On this harmonized foundation, we resolve neurodegenerative disease plasma signatures, including a shared immune-metabolic axis in AD and PD, neuromuscular disruption in ALS, and proteostatic imbalance in PD. Tissue and cell-type enrichment highlight widespread immune-endocrine involvement in AD and hematopoietic activation in PD. Demographically matched analyses nominate distinct, candidate biomarkers across diseases, including lipid, redox, and complement factors in AD, lysosomal and cytoskeletal proteins in PD, and muscle-derived markers in ALS. This study establishes a scalable analytical framework for integrating real-world proteomic data and provides a disease-resolved catalogue of circulating signatures to inform biomarker development and targeted intervention across neurodegenerative diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Finney, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>An, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Winchester, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vogel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilkins, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burns, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swerdlow, R. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rothstein, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Global Neurodegeneration Proteomics Consortium,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutz, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saloner, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shvetcov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.09.693329</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mapping the circulating proteome across neurodegeneration: A harmonized, consortium-scale framework for uncovering molecular pathophysiology]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694001v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Host species and body site equally impact microbiome structure between sympatric Atlantic sea cucumber species 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694001v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sea cucumbers are key members in the marine ecosystem, food webs, and support valuable commercial fisheries, yet their microbiomes, which likely influence host health and function, are relatively understudied. There is specifically a paucity of microbiome studies of echinoderm coelomic fluid (CF), which is centrally involved in circulation, digestion, and immunity. This study analyzed the microbiomes of two sympatric holothurians (sea cucumbers), Leptosynapta tenuis, and Sclerodactyla briareus, found in coastal, temperate waters of the Northeast Atlantic. First, we found unexpectedly high levels (approaching 107 cells/ml) of prokaryotic-sized cells in the coelomic fluid of the sympatric sea star Asterias forbesi. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of sea cucumber microbiomes. This included differences in CF communities between the two sea cucumber species and among body sites--CF, epidermis, and gut--of S. briareus. Host and body sites explained roughly equal amounts of microbial community variation (22% and 27%, respectively). We identified particular taxa associated with differences in community composition, including enrichment of anaerobic taxa (e.g., Desulftobacterota) in gut samples and Proteobacteria (including Burkholderiales and Pseudomonadales) in epidermis samples. We also uncovered higher levels of Synechococcales cyanobacteria in CF relative to the gut, epidermis, and background seawater samples. CF is thought to exchange with surrounding seawater, so these results highlight an apparent selective retention of CF microbial communities. This work adds to our growing knowledge of echinoderm microbiomes and highlights the need for additional surveys of their microbiomes.

ImportanceMicrobiomes influence the function and health of animal hosts, but basic characterization of sea cucumber microbiomes is lacking. Furthermore, there are few studies on the microbiomes of echinoderm coelomic fluid that interacts with the respiratory, digestion, locomotion, and reproduction systems of these animals. To fill these gaps in knowledge, we analyzed the microbiomes of two sea cucumber and one sea star species from the North Atlantic. We found unexpectedly high abundances of bacteria-sized cells in the coelomic fluid of all three species. Using DNA sequencing, we uncovered differences in bacterial communities across the two sea cucumber species and across body sites (the epidermis, gut, and coelomic fluid) within one host species. This is consistent with patterns of host and body-site specificity seen in animal other microbiome studies. These results build important information for sea cucumbers that play important roles in natural marine ecosystems and support globally important fisheries.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Crowley, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belisle, B. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahlgren, N. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.694001</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Host species and body site equally impact microbiome structure between sympatric Atlantic sea cucumber species]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694069v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Use-dependent learning biases the initial state but not the learning dynamics of implicit adaptation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.12.694069v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Motor adaptation arises from multiple learning mechanisms, including use-dependent learning (UDL) driven by repetition and implicit error-based learning (EBL) driven by motor prediction errors. Although both mechanisms contribute implicitly to shaping movement execution, whether these two mechanisms interact remains unclear. The present study used an error-clamp (EC) task to isolate implicit EBL and directly examined whether UDL affects subsequent implicit adaptation. Participants first performed extensive single-target repetitive reaches to induce use-dependent biases and then immediately transitioned to an EC task. We manipulated whether the UDL bias was aligned with, opposed to, or neutral toward the to-be-adapted direction in three separate groups of participants. Results demonstrate that UDL robustly shifted the initial state of adaptation, but did not alter the learning dynamics: all groups showed comparable trial-by-trial adaptation and converged to similar asymptotic levels despite their different initial states. These findings support an independent rather than an interactive relationship between UDL and implicit EBL, highlighting that execution-level motor learning components are additive.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Luo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.12.694069</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Use-dependent learning biases the initial state but not the learning dynamics of implicit adaptation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.691658v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multiparametric Assessment of TNNI3 Variant Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Correlates with Disease Severity in Patients 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.13.691658v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundThe routine genetic testing of cardiomyopathy patients has significantly accelerated the identification of causative cardiomyopathy variants. However, translating these genetic insights into effective patient management poses significant challenges, since the impact of gene variants on physiological function and clinical outcomes is not yet fully understood. Therefore, there is an urgent need for large-scale methods to assess the effects of genetic variants on cardiomyocyte physiology and to establish correlations between functional phenotypes and clinical severity.

MethodsWe developed a high throughput imaging platform to measure force generation and calcium handling throughout the cardiac cycle of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). By expressing variants of a sarcomeric protein [cardiac Troponin-I (TNNI3)] in a healthy genetic background, we were able to assess sarcomeric calcium sensitivity as well as systolic and diastolic function. Analysis of these parameters distinguished subgroups of variants, and permitted the correlation of in vitro physiological effects with a measure of disease severity in a single-center cardiomyopathy cohort.

ResultsCombining contractile force and calcium cycling measurements accurately distinguished known pathogenic from non-pathogenic TNNI3 variants and also revealed pathogenicity of two variants of unknown significance (VUS) that occurred in two families, suggesting the ability to prospectively discern pathogenicity. Clustering of TNNI3 variants based on quantitative physiological phenotypes identified subgroups that correlated with age of disease onset across a well-characterized cardiomyopathy patient cohort, showing clinical relevance of the in vitro phenotypes. Interestingly, normalized measures of in vitro diastolic function correlated with age of onset (R2 = 0.6), but calcium sensitivity, which accurately predicted pathogenicity, did not translate into disease severity.

ConclusionsA high throughput in vitro platform that measures multidimensional cardiomyocyte function can link subgroups of human genetic variants in TNNI3 with differential patient outcomes. Comprehensive determination of variant effects on disease-relevant cardiomyocyte function will help classify variants into different pathogenic mechanisms leading to variable disease severity, and potentially lead to class-targeted ameliorative strategies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Staudt, D. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Floyd, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dunn, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carhuamaca, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Serrano, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hnatiuk, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parikh, V. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mercola, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.13.691658</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multiparametric Assessment of TNNI3 Variant Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes Correlates with Disease Severity in Patients]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.14.693989v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Targeting Ogt in ADPKD mitigates metabolic reprogramming and renal cystogenesis, extending survival 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.14.693989v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Aberrant cell metabolism drives autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). O-GlcNAcylation, a metabolically regulated post-translational modification, is elevated in ADPKD kidneys. Using rapidly and slowly progressive ADPKD mouse models, we demonstrate that deleting O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) reduces renal cystogenesis and extends survival in a rapidly progressive model from postnatal day 21 to over a year. Pharmacological OGT inhibition similarly reduced cyst formation of patient-derived renal epithelial cells in vitro. In Pkd1 conditional knockout kidneys, Ogt deletion maintained phosphorylated AMPK and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex levels, preserving cellular energy sensing and production. Further, metabolomic analysis revealed normalization of glycolysis and of the hexosamine and hyaluronic acid biosynthesis pathways. In contrast, dysregulation of these pathways in Pkd1 conditional knockout kidneys culminated in increased tricarboxylic acid cycle entry, increased O-GlcNAc, and increased hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix, respectively. These findings identify Ogt as a central metabolic regulator and therapeutic target, linking metabolism to intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of cyst formation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kavanaugh, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmad, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Isai, D. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riddle, H. A. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Assis, A. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ranganathan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chaturvedi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lam, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muthineni, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abid, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jurgensmeyer, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Blades, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pritchard, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sharma, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slawson, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, P. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.14.693989</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Targeting Ogt in ADPKD mitigates metabolic reprogramming and renal cystogenesis, extending survival]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.14.694184v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Torsins Organize CLCC1 Assembly to Safeguard ER Bilayer and Lipid Homeostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.14.694184v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The TMEM41B scramblase and its regulatory partner CLCC1 initiate lipid flux by equilibrating newly-synthesized phospholipids across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer, a fundamental process required for diverse events ranging from membrane biogenesis to bulk lipid supply. Loss of CLCC1/TMEM41B causes ER bilayer imbalance, inducing giant ER-enclosed lipid droplets (geLDs) and driving rapid progression into severe MASH. Here we identify CLCC1 as the long-missing client of the lumenal Torsin ATPases, which selectively engage oligomerized CLCC1 at sites of ER bilayer imbalance. Hepatic TorsinA inactivation triggers geLD formation amid disrupted lipoprotein biogenesis and severe MASH, closely phenocopying CLCC1/TMEM41B deficiency. Mechanistically, Torsins act as foldases that drive CLCC1 oligomerization for its recruitment to imbalanced bilayers. Remarkably, ectopic CLCC1 expression reverses cellular and systemic lipid disorders arising from hepatic TorsinA deficiency. Hence, Torsin ATPases emerge as fundamental regulators that organizes CLCC1 and the downstream TMEM41B scramblase to govern lipid partitioning and membrane homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.-W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.14.694184</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Torsins Organize CLCC1 Assembly to Safeguard ER Bilayer and Lipid Homeostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694346v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Enterocloster citroniae and related gut microbiome species modulate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through the production of bioactive small molecules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694346v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cholera is a diarrheal disease that affects millions of people globally. Although the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, has been extensively studied in isolation, investigation of its interactions with the gut microbiota started relatively recently. We and others previously showed that microbiota-derived metabolites significantly influence V. cholerae behavior. By investigating how an organic extract of human feces affects V. cholerae gene expression, we showed that gut metabolites strongly suppress swimming motility, a trait important for host colonization. Interestingly, extracts of pure cultures of a gut commensal, Enterocloster citroniae, recapitulated this inhibition. Here, we present a comprehensive examination of the effect of small molecules produced by E. citroniae and related species on V. cholerae behavior. We show that E. citroniae small molecules inhibit motility by various V. cholerae strains, and that several phylogenetically related species produce this activity, although the magnitude of the effect varies between strains. Using biofilm formation assays in static and flow conditions, we show that V. cholerae strongly induces biofilm formation in response to E. citroniae metabolites. Transcriptome and reporter analyses showed that several genes involved in synthesis of an extracellular polysaccharide are induced by E. citroniae metabolites. Lastly, we show that V. cholerae interactions with host cells are also modulated by this commensal. These findings advance our understanding of microbiome-pathogen interactions and how commensal bacteria influence V. cholerae virulence through the production of small molecules. In the future, this knowledge may be used to design novel microbiome-based therapeutic approaches to combat cholera and other infections.

ImportanceThe human gut is home to a dense and rich community of microbes termed microbiota. This community has critical functions for host health, including protection against enteric pathogens. Despite this important role, we have only recently scratched the surface of the interactions that occur between members of the microbiota and pathogenic invaders. Cholerae is a disease that still causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studying how the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae, interacts with the microbiota will have implications not only for our understanding of this important microbial community, but may also lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies against cholera and potentially other infectious diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pauer, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nasiri, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magalhaes, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nguyen, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ferreira, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradshaw, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kirby, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabapathy, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Udensi, C. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feofanova, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moreira, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parente, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wilde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pride, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen-Vercoe, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antunes, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694346</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Enterocloster citroniae and related gut microbiome species modulate Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through the production of bioactive small molecules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694289v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial 5mC-seq profiling of embryos and decidua after implantation in mammal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.15.694289v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
DNA methylation plays key roles in development and diseases. However, no spatial DNA methylation profiling technology has been reported until now. Here, we developed a spatial 5mC-seq method (SmC-seq) based on a microfluidic system. The SmC-seq can provide a non-biased genome-wide methylome at about single-cell scale (10 m in width per channel). We further applied this SmC-seq to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of DNA methylation during post-implantation development in mouse. A clear spatial heterogeneous pattern of DNA methylation among inner cell mass-derived tissues can be observed. Additionally, we identified a two-layer organization in the ectoplacental cone at the E8.5 stage, characterized by distinct DNA methylation patterning and proliferation states. Unexpectedly, a portion of maternal tissue with low DNA methylation level, enriched for nutrient-supplier progenitor cell, is observed in the middle region of maternal decidua after implantation. The hypomethylated regions in the nutrient-supplier progenitor cell cluster are associated with cell proliferation. Interestingly, the genes associated with hypomethylated regions in the mature nutrient-supplier cell cluster are enriched in exocytosis and nutrient synthesis, which is associated with nutrient provision before functional placenta is formed to support mammalian embryogenesis. In summary, SmC-seq enables spatial mapping of DNA methylation and facilitates our understanding of various biological events.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bian, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.15.694289</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial 5mC-seq profiling of embryos and decidua after implantation in mammal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695067v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conformation-specific Antibody Deciphers K27-linked Ubiquitination in Chaperone-Mediated Proteostasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.18.695067v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Lysine 27 (K27)-linked polyubiquitination plays critical yet incompletely defined roles in proteostasis, innate immunity, and disease progression; however, investigations into this process have long been hindered by its extremely low abundance and the lack of conformation-specific enrichment tools. Herein, we describe the development of a long-sought conformation-specific antibody, K27-IgG, which can selectively recognize--among all ubiquitin chain types--the unique architecture of K27-linked polyubiquitin (K27-polyUb) characterized by a distinct buried K27-isopeptide bond, with high affinity (KD = 4.66 nM). This antibody was derived from synthetic antibodies initially generated via phage display, using chemically synthesized K27-linked diubiquitin (K27-diUb) as the antigen. High-resolution co-crystal structures uncovered the unique K27-diUb interface targeted by these sAbs. Subsequent reformatting of these sAbs into a full-length human immunoglobulin G (IgG) scaffold yielded K27-IgG, notably exhibiting markedly enhanced affinity without compromising selectivity. Using K27-IgG as a tool, we achieved sensitive detection and immunoprecipitation (IP) of endogenous K27-polyUb in cells, and delineated the intracellular interaction landscape of K27-polyUb through complementary proteomic approaches. Two key findings emerged: 1) The molecular chaperone DNAJB1 is a specific reader of K27-linked ubiquitin chains (but not other linkages) and that K27-polyUb chains themselves exhibit chaperone-like activity, suggesting a novel mechanism by which K27-polyUb regulates chaperone-mediated proteostasis; 2) The E2 enzyme UBE2Q1 assembles K27-diUb, identifying it as a potential writer for this ubiquitin chain topology. Collectively, this study establishes K27-IgG as a robust tool for deciphering the K27-linked ubiquitin code, thereby opening new avenues for investigating the biological functions of K27-linked polyubiquitination.

HighlightsO_LIFirst K27-linkage conformation-specific antibody with nanomolar affinity overcomes a major barrier in the field.
C_LIO_LIK27-IgG unlocks functional mapping of the K27 ubiquitin landscape under proteotoxic stress.
C_LIO_LIMolecular chaperone DNAJB1 is a selective "reader" of K27-linked ubiquitin chains.
C_LIO_LIK27 chains possess intrinsic chaperone activity, enabling protein refolding and suppressing aggregation.
C_LIO_LIE2 enzyme UBE2Q1 is a "writer" that directly assembles K27-linked ubiquitin chains.
C_LI

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=116 SRC="FIGDIR/small/695067v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erramilli, S. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhai, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kossiakoff, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695067</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conformation-specific Antibody Deciphers K27-linked Ubiquitination in Chaperone-Mediated Proteostasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695716v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microgravity Remodels Longevity Networks in Astronaut PBMCs: Integrated Findings of Telomere Elongation, DNA Repair Responses, and miRNA Suppression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695716v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Microgravity provides a unique environment for elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of human aging. In the Microgravity Associated Genetics (MESSAGE) Science Mission--Turkiyes first human space biology experiment--we performed an integrative analysis of telomere dynamics, transcriptomic remodeling, and microRNA regulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected before launch (L-7day), after suborbital ascent (L+3hrs), and during days 4-10 aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Spaceflight induced a striking early elongation of telomeres, accompanied by transcriptional activation of DNA repair, oxidative stress mitigation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and immune regulatory pathways. Concurrently, microgravity triggered robust suppression of longevity-associated microRNAs, including members of the miR-17-92, miR29, and miR34 families, suggesting coordinated epigenetic reprogramming of genome stability and stress responses. Notably, the adaptor protein gene AP2A1, recently implicated in cellular rejuvenation and mechanotransductive aging processes, emerged as a consistently microgravity-responsive hub, linking cytoskeletal signaling to telomere maintenance and DNA repair networks. Together, these findings reveal that short-duration spaceflight initiates a multi-layered molecular longevity program in human immune cells, characterized by telomere extension, stabilization of genome maintenance pathways, and suppression of aging-associated miRNA regulators. This systems-level view provides foundational insight into how human biology adapts to short-term microgravity exposure and identifies AP2A1-centered networks as promising targets for enhancing astronaut health and performance and ultimately understanding terrestrial aging.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cam, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Demir, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tekirdagli, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bulut, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guzenge, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harputoglu Efendi, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yolver, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kolay, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karouia, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tastan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695716</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microgravity Remodels Longevity Networks in Astronaut PBMCs: Integrated Findings of Telomere Elongation, DNA Repair Responses, and miRNA Suppression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695632v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Density-based longitudinal neuron tracking in high-density electrophysiological recordings 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.19.695632v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Tracking single neurons across days in high-density extracellular recordings is essential for establishing neural mechanisms of learning, memory, and post-injury recovery. However, in weeks-long recordings, identifying cross-day matches among thousands of units is confounded by changes in spike waveforms, unit turnover, and representational drift in neural responses. We introduce DANT (Density-based Across-day Neuron Tracking), an unsupervised framework that jointly estimates probe motion and neuron identity by alternating between density-based clustering in feature space and probe-motion correction inferred from provisional matches. Estimated drift is used to re-register spike waveforms across sessions, after which clustering is recomputed; this iterative loop continues until the set of matches stabilizes. In parallel, DANT learns a decision boundary from match and non-match assignments derived from the clustering results, enabling it to reject low-similarity candidate pairs. Applied to weeks-long Neuropixels recordings from the cortex and striatum in freely moving rats during stable behavior and task switching, DANT substantially increases match yield and reduces false negatives while maintaining a low false-positive rate relative to existing approaches. Together, these results indicate that DANT provides a general, unsupervised solution for longitudinal tracking in chronic, high-density recordings.

The bigger pictureModern high-density probes such as Neuropixels record hundreds of units per session. When chronically implanted, many of these units can be stably recorded over extended periods, opening the door to tracking how large neural populations change over days to weeks, a question central to learning, memory, internal states, and recovery from brain injury. Yet, small shifts in probe position, changes in spike waveforms, and drifts in firing properties mean that linking units across sessions is challenging. DANT (Density-based Across-day Neuron Tracking) addresses this problem by providing an unsupervised framework that combines density-based clustering and iterative motion correction to identify cross-day matches with minimal subjective decisions. Applied to chronic Neuropixels recordings from freely moving, task-performing rats, DANT recovers longer and more complete chains of putative same neurons than existing approaches, while keeping the false-positive rate low. By making cross-day tracking more sensitive, scalable, and reproducible, DANT enables a wider range of neuroscience studies to examine the longitudinal behavior of single neurons and neural populations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.19.695632</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Density-based longitudinal neuron tracking in high-density electrophysiological recordings]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695370v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MRMhub: one-stop solution for automated processing of large-scale targeted metabolomics data 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.20.695370v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Data processing and quality control are essential for complex targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assays in large-scale metabolomics studies. However, existing software solutions have significant gaps in robustness and scalability. We report MRMhub, a one-stop solution for streamlined processing of large-scale targeted MS data. MRMhub consists of a novel peak integration engine with unique algorithmic design to address the scalability challenge and a comprehensive collection of post-acquisition data processing and analytical quality control tools. The ensemble facilitates rapid and consistent processing of complex chromatograms, quantification, drift and batch correction, quality assessment and control, feature filtering, and data/workflow sharing and reporting. MRMhub can process data from highly complex assays in population-scale studies within minutes, with full digital footprints warranting reproducibility and traceability. We demonstrate its performance using two large-scale lipidomics data sets. We distribute the source code and data sets freely for community development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Burla, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Benke, P. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oh, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lim, P. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vaitheeswari,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cazenave-Gassiot, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venkataraman, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tai, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Torta, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wenk, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, M. Y. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.20.695370</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MRMhub: one-stop solution for automated processing of large-scale targeted metabolomics data]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696054v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
LAP Drives Monocyte-Mediated and Extracellular Translocation of Listeria monocytogenes Across the Placental Barrier 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696054v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major cause of fetal infection, yet the mechanisms by which it traverses the placental barrier remain incompletely defined. We established and validated a physiologically relevant in vitro human placental co-culture barrier model using BeWo trophoblasts and primary human placental vascular endothelial cells (HPVECs), which exhibited robust barrier integrity and organized tight junctions. Using this model, we demonstrate that Lm exploits a Trojan-horse transmigration mechanism via infected monocytes. Lm-infected THP-1 monocytes displayed a [~]4.8-fold higher monocyte transmigration and [~]8.12-fold greater intracellular bacterial delivery across the placental barrier compared with non-pathogenic Listeria innocua (Li). Monocyte transmigration was associated with claudin-1 and occludin disruption, increased paracellular permeability, and localization of infected monocytes at junctional breach sites.

Monocyte-mediated placental traversal required the Lm virulence factors Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) and internalin B (InlB), as lap- and{Delta} inlB mutants exhibited Li-like transmigration and an [~]90% reduction in intracellular bacterial delivery, despite normal monocyte uptake. Lm-infected monocytes induced a [~]1.86-fold increase in sVCAM-1 secretion, which was LAP- and InlB-dependent, consistent with pro-transmigration endothelial phenotype.

In contrast, extracellular traversal required LAP and internalin A (InlA), as lap- and{Delta} inlA mutants exhibited severe defects comparable to Li, whereas{Delta} inlB and{Delta} hly were minimally impaired. Exposure of monocytes to extracellular Lm further amplified transmigration and barrier permeability.

Together, these data define two distinct placental invasion routes: a monocyte-associated LAP/InlB-dependent pathway and an extracellular LAP/InlA-dependent pathway, identifying LAP as a critical noncanonical virulence factor in placental infection and mechanisms of vertical transmission.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Drolia, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Atique, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amelunke, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hasan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bryant, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oakley, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pierce, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696054</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[LAP Drives Monocyte-Mediated and Extracellular Translocation of Listeria monocytogenes Across the Placental Barrier]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696087v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI of Awake Mice During Habituation: Stress, Head Motion, and Functional Connectivity 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696087v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Awake mouse fMRI is a powerful tool for both neuroscience and translational research. To minimize head motion during scanning, habituation under physical restraint is commonly used. However, it remains unclear how stress levels and head motion evolve during habituation, particularly within the MRI environment. To address this, we repeatedly measured plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels in three groups of mice - controls, mice habituated outside the MRI magnet, and mice habituated within the fMRI environment - and acquired longitudinal resting-state fMRI data daily during an eight-day habituation period and again 15 days post-habituation at 15.2 T. We found that CORT levels initially increased by approximately twofold and gradually decreased during habituation outside the magnet, whereas in mice habituated within the fMRI environment, CORT levels increased two- to fourfold and remained elevated throughout the habituation period. One week after habituation, CORT levels returned to baseline in both groups. Throughout all resting-state fMRI scanning sessions, head motion and functional connectivity remained stable, likely due to the well-designed restraint cradle that permitted paw movement. These results suggest that additional habituation days do not further reduce stress, provided that head motion remains within acceptable limits.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Im, G. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.-G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696087</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI of Awake Mice During Habituation: Stress, Head Motion, and Functional Connectivity]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696126v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Intrinsic Error Correction in Protein Allostery: Quantifying Noise Suppression via Spanning Tree Statistics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.22.696126v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allosteric regulation in proteins arises from collective dynamics distributed over networks of residue contacts, but how multiple communication pathways contribute to signal transmission and noise suppression remains unclear. Here we develop a spanning-tree-based framework to quantify allosteric communication as an ensemble of interacting pathways in protein contact networks.

We introduce a dynamic distance measure linking local perturbations of residue interactions to global changes in network entropy, establishing a local-to-global scaling between local dynamics and global sensitivity. Using spanning-tree calculus, we derive exact probabilities for all simple paths connecting pre-specified functional residue pairs. This enables a comparison between an approximate description based on uniform path usage and a topology-aware description in which path probabilities are determined by the Burton-Pemantle theorem and reflect network dependencies.

From these path ensembles, we define corresponding signal-to-noise ratios and quantify how pathway multiplicity and statistical weighting shape noise suppression. Applied to KRAS and to 20 additional allosteric proteins spanning diverse functional classes, the analysis shows large variability in path usage, entropy reduction, and signal-to-noise enhancement, while consistently demonstrating that topology-aware weighting concentrates signal transmission onto dominant short pathways. This suggests that the robustness of allosteric signaling is a fundamental emergent property of protein contact topology.

These results provide a quantitative framework linking protein structure, dynamics, and information flow, and show that robustness in allosteric communication, manifested as noise suppression through pathway redundancy, can be interpreted as an intrinsic error-correction or noise averaging mechanism arising from network topology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.696126</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Intrinsic Error Correction in Protein Allostery: Quantifying Noise Suppression via Spanning Tree Statistics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696267v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Foundational Generative Model for Cross-platform Unified Enhancement of Spatial Transcriptomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696267v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) platforms are limited by spatial resolution, sensitivity to low expression levels, alignment with tissue structures, and the balance across tissue complexity. Computational enhancement typically targets a single challenge, e.g., super-resolution using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images or sensitivity enhancement with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). However, most ignore the interdependence across challenges, yielding biologically inconsistent enhancement. Here we introduce FOCUS, a foundational generative model for unified ST enhancement, conditioned on H&E images, scRNA-seq references, and spatial co-expression priors. With large-scale pretrained encoders, FOCUS uses a modular design for multimodal integration and a cross-challenge coordination strategy to target co-occurring challenges, enabling joint optimization. FOCUS was trained and comprehensively benchmarked on >1.7 million H&E-ST pairs and >5.8 million single-cell profiles, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance across ten ST platforms, on both individual and coupled challenges. The real-world utility and generalizability were validated on a rare suprasellar tumor, papillary craniopharyngioma, and an unseen ST platform (Open-ST) for primary and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Que, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Price, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696267</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Foundational Generative Model for Cross-platform Unified Enhancement of Spatial Transcriptomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
To Predict is to Design: Unlocking Generative Capabilities in All-Atom Structure Predictors via Geometric Score Distillation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.23.696242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Current protein binder design largely relies on a decoupled paradigm: generating backbones via unconditioned diffusion followed by sequence filling or refilling with inverse folding models. This separation prevents the design process from accessing the holistic validation metrics of structure predictors during generation, wasting rich physical priors. While recent works like BindCraft have successfully inverted AlphaFold2 for protein design1, extending this inversion to state-of-the-art all-atom diffusion predictors (e.g., AlphaFold3, Boltz-2) remains a formidable challenge, particularly for modalities requiring non-standard residues such as cyclic peptides. In this work, we present DREAM (Differentiable Refinement via Energy-Anchored Manifolds), a model-agnostic framework that turns the passive predictive trajectory of diffusion models into an active, lucid design process. DREAM repurposes Boltz-22--a leading open-source all-atom predictor--via Geometric Score Distillation (GSD), a technique enabling explicit gradient-based optimization directly through the frozen diffusion network. Unlike previous methods constrained by standard amino acids, DREAM directly unlocks the models latent chemical vocabulary, allowing gradients to autonomously select the optimal building blocks up to 55 residue types (including D-amino acids and post-translational modifications) to minimize energy. We demonstrate this capability by designing cyclic peptide binders for diverse targets, including PD-L1, B7-H3, and the human -Opioid Receptor (hMOR). Our results suggest that the programmable design of chemically complex modalities is not a distant goal, but a latent capability of current all-atom predictors, waiting to be inverted. Ultimately, to predict is to design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.23.696242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[To Predict is to Design: Unlocking Generative Capabilities in All-Atom Structure Predictors via Geometric Score Distillation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696528v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Ensemble-DeepSets: an interpretable deep learning framework for single-cell resolution profiling of immunological aging 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696528v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Immunological aging (immunosenescence) drives increased susceptibility to infections and reduced vaccine efficacy in elderly populations. Current bulk transcriptomic aging clocks mask critical cellular heterogeneity, limiting the mechanistic dissection of immunological aging. Here, we present Ensemble-DeepSets, an interpretable deep learning framework that operates directly on single-cell transcriptomic data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to predict immunological age at the donor level. Benchmarking against 27 diverse senescence scoring metrics and existing transcriptomic clocks across four independent healthy cohorts demonstrates superior accuracy and robustness, particularly in out-of-training-distribution age groups. The models multi-scale interpretability uncovers both conserved and cohort-specific aging-related gene signatures. Crucially, we reveal divergent contributions of T cell subsets (pro-youth) versus B cells and myeloid compartments (pro-aging), and utilize single-cell resolution to highlight heterogeneous aging-associated transcriptional states within these functionally distinct subsets. Application to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) reveals accelerated immune aging linked to myeloid activation and altered myeloid subset compositions, illustrating clinical relevance. This framework provides a versatile tool for precise quantification and mechanistic dissection of immunosenescence, providing insights critical for biomarker discovery and therapeutic targeting in aging and immune-mediated diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696528</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Ensemble-DeepSets: an interpretable deep learning framework for single-cell resolution profiling of immunological aging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696641v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Pan-cancer tumor classification by a holistic tumor microenvironment atlas 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696641v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity presents a major bottleneck to effective cancer immunotherapies. We address this by establishing a pan-cancer tumor classification system based on the holistic TME cellular components. First, using single-cell transcriptomes from 1,271 patients across 26 cancer types, we compile a TME cellular atlas, leading to the identification of recurrent cell states and multicellular modules across cancer types. Among these, we highlight a type I interferon (IFN-I)-related multicellular module, including IFIT1+ tumor-associated macrophages, as a critical contributor to immune-activation TMEs. From a holistic perspective, pan-cancer TMEs exhibit trichotomous patterns predominantly driven by T, myeloid, and stromal compartments. Leveraging fine-grained TME cellular composition, we further stratify all tumors into 10 stable groups. These groups display varying responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and each rationally selected therapeutic strategy specifically perturbs the corresponding expression signature. Our pan-cancer tumor classification scheme reveals the underlying patterns of TME heterogeneity and provides a framework for stratifying patients, guiding treatment selection, and developing novel therapeutic options.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Qin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Diao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.27.696641</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Pan-cancer tumor classification by a holistic tumor microenvironment atlas]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696660v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
STEAP4+ neutrophils: a promising circulating biomarker for lung metastasis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.27.696660v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
As the leading contributor to cancer-related mortality, metastasis often evades detection until advanced stages, underscoring the critical need for early predictive biomarkers. Neutrophils are naturally circulating sentinels that have been implicated in pioneering pre-metastatic niche formation in distant organs. Nevertheless, their heterogeneity within evolving metastatic microenvironments remains poorly characterized. Here, through dynamically delineating neutrophil subsets via single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a conserved feature of lung metastasis in breast cancer and other cancer models. Among the core genes, a cell surface marker, STEAP4, was selected and validated to indicate lung metastases at both RNA and protein levels. In both humans and mice, these STEAP4+ neutrophils were detectable not only in lung metastatases but also in the circulation. Clinically, the abundance of circulating STEAP4+ neutrophils robustly discriminates patients with lung metastasis from those with localized primary tumor. Our findings uncover STEAP4+ neutrophils as a promising biomarker and lay the groundwork for a non-invasive, blood-based diagnostic strategy for metastatic disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ai, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, M. S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ng, L. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.27.696660</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[STEAP4+ neutrophils: a promising circulating biomarker for lung metastasis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696482v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
GenoME: a MoE-based generative model for individualized, multimodal prediction and perturbation of genomic profiles 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696482v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The non-coding genome operates through a complex, multiscale regulatory system where regulated gene expressions are closely associated with cell-type-specific histone modifications, transcription factor binding and 3D conformation. Developing computational models that can integrate these patterns to predict and interpret the regulatory system remains challenging. Here, we present GenoME, a Mixture of Experts (MoE)-based generative model that uses DNA sequence and cell-type-specific ATAC-seq signals to predict a unified genomic profile encompassing epigenomics, transcriptomics, and chromatin architecture at base-pair to kilobase resolutions. GenoME enables multiscale predictions for held-out genomic regions and, critically, generalizes to predict the full regulatory landscape of unseen or individualized cell types from a single ATAC-seq input. We equip GenoME with an in silico perturbation framework that accurately forecasts the multimodal consequences of genetic perturbations and identifies functional enhancer-promoter connections, outperforming specialized models like Activity-by-Contact. These predictions can also be used to decipher the transcription factor grammar of cell-type-specific enhancers. GenoME thus provides a versatile, all-in-one platform for generative modeling, cross-cell-type generalization, and causal mechanistic investigation of the multiscale regulatory genome.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, Y. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.28.696482</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[GenoME: a MoE-based generative model for individualized, multimodal prediction and perturbation of genomic profiles]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696754v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PocketX: Preference Alignment for Protein Pockets Design through Group Relative Policy Optimization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696754v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designing protein pockets that target specific ligands is crucial for drug discovery and enzyme engineering. Although deep generative models show promise in proposing high-quality pockets, they are usually trained purely to match the data distribution and therefore overlook key biophysical properties, such as binding affinity, expression, and solubility, that ultimately determine developability and success. We introduce PocketX, an online reinforcement learning framework that explicitly aligns a generative model with desired biophysical properties. The framework first trains a base model that co-designs pocket structures and sequences conditioned on a target ligand, and then fine-tunes this model with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) to reward the desired attributes. Because GRPO employs group-relative rewards, it produces lower-variance policy updates, resulting in more stable and efficient learning than competing alignment strategies. Evaluated on the CrossDocked2020 benchmark, PocketX surpasses existing methods in metrics such as binding energy and evolutionary plausibility. Ablation studies further show that GRPO outperforms alternative alignment strategies, including Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), confirming GRPOs effectiveness for biophysical property alignment.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.28.696754</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PocketX: Preference Alignment for Protein Pockets Design through Group Relative Policy Optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696471v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Comprehensive Treatment-Induced Resistance Atlas of Glioblastoma Reveals a Fibrotic Niche Shielding the Tumor from Immunotherapy 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.25.696471v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
2Therapeutic resistance in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) is driven by profound cellular plasticity and a structured immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we present the Glioblastoma Resistance Insights from Treatment Atlas (GRIT-Atlas), the most comprehensive single-cell resource to date, encompassing nearly one million cells from 296 samples across primary and recurrent cohorts, including those treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and anti-angiogenic combination therapy. We identify a convergent evolutionary trajectory where therapeutic pressure selects for a specific malignant state, cNMF7 (MES-like), characterized by a synergy of hypoxia, stemness, and inflammatory signaling. Integrating spatial transcriptomics across 48 patient sections, we define a "Spatial Resistance Triad"--a core functional unit composed of cNMF7 cells, differentiation-arrested E-MDSCs, and Type VI Collagen-secreting myCAFs. This triad specifically colonizes the hypoxic microvascular proliferation (MVP) and pseudopalisading necrosis (PAN) niches. Mechanistically, we show that myCAFs act as stromal architects, constructing a fibrotic scaffold through a Collagen/Fibronectin-CD44 signaling axis. This spatial infrastructure not only physically excludes cytotoxic T cells but also provides essential cues to sustain malignant plasticity and myeloid-mediated immunosuppression. Our findings across seven independent cohorts and pan-cancer validation underscore the clinical significance of this axis in driving immunotherapy failure. Collectively, the GRIT-Atlas provides a blueprint for dismantling the "immunosuppressive sanctuaries" of GBM to overcome therapeutic resistance.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.25.696471</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Comprehensive Treatment-Induced Resistance Atlas of Glioblastoma Reveals a Fibrotic Niche Shielding the Tumor from Immunotherapy]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696697v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV disrupt host protein synthesis via nsp1 with differential effects on the integrated stress response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696697v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Coronaviruses pose a serious threat to public health, driving the need for antiviral therapeutics and vaccines. Therefore, it is paramount to understand how this family of viruses evades cellular antiviral responses and establishes productive infection. The conserved coronavirus non-structural protein (nsp)1 has been shown to inhibit host protein synthesis and promote host mRNA degradation while viral mRNAs are protected. We showed previously that SARS-CoV-2 induces activation of host integrated stress response (ISR) kinases PKR and PERK, which promote phosphorylation of eIF2 and consequent inhibition of host protein synthesis. In contrast, eIF2 remains unphosphorylated during MERS-CoV infection. To investigate the interactions of nsp1 and the ISR kinases, we utilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV expressing nsp1 with mutations in each of two conserved domains. Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 mutants, translation was shut down in wildtype (WT) and PKR knockout (KO) cells but rescued in PERK KO cells, likely due to reduced p-eIF2. In contrast, translation was rescued during infection with the analogous MERS-CoV nsp1 mutants even in WT cells. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 WT suppressed expression of GADD34, a negative regulator of eIF2 phosphorylation, while SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 mutants induced GADD34. In contrast MERS-CoV WT induced GADD34. Utilizing single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization, we found that SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV nsp1 promote host mRNA degradation during WT, but not nsp1 mutant, infection. Finally, while SARS-CoV-2 WT suppressed stress granule formation, nsp1 mutants induced stress granules containing host RNA. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV differ in interactions with the ISR and nsp1 control of host protein synthesis.

SignificanceCoronaviruses cause disease across a wide range of animal species, and the human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV have caused epidemics of severe respiratory illness. Thus, it is imperative to understand how these viruses antagonize host responses and cause lethal disease. We show here that the betacoronavirus non-structural protein (nsp)1 promotes shutdown of host protein synthesis while preserving viral protein synthesis and, in addition, promotes degradation of host mRNAs. However, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV differ in their ability to manipulate the host integrated stress response, indicating that it is important to understand detailed coronavirus-host interactions and how they differ even between lethal coronaviruses. Such insights will inform the development of antiviral therapeutics to treat and prevent current and future coronavirus outbreaks.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Parenti, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cusic, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Renner, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jackson, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pfannenstiel, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fehr, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cohen, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martinez-Sobrido, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Burke, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weiss, S. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.28.696697</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV disrupt host protein synthesis via nsp1 with differential effects on the integrated stress response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696760v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
APE1 Coordinates Its Disordered Region and Metal Cofactors to Drive Genome Surveillance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.28.696760v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Efficient recognition of DNA lesions such as apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites is essential for maintaining genome stability. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is the primary eukaryotic AP endonuclease, yet how it identifies rare lesions among vast stretches of undamaged DNA remains incompletely understood. Using single-molecule imaging combined with molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that APE1 employs a distinctive dual mechanism to search DNA. First, Mg{superscript 2} coordination at the active site neutralizes clustered negative charges, stabilizing electrostatic contacts during scanning. Second, its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR)--a feature conserved only in eukaryotic homologs but absent in prokaryotic ExoIII--not only forms DNA through transient IDR contacts but also engages continuous interactions via the unprecedented 177 arginine residue within the structured nuclease domain, thereby prolonging residence time and enabling long-range diffusion. Together, these two modules synergize to promote a sliding-based search strategy tailored to the complexity of eukaryotic genomes. Consistent with this model, IDR deletion restricts APE1 to 3D collisions, whereas IDR duplication enhances 1D scanning. Thus, APE1 exemplifies how structural disorder and metal-ion coordination integrate to enable long-range lesion recognition, highlighting an evolutionary innovation in eukaryotic DNA repair.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lee, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.28.696760</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[APE1 Coordinates Its Disordered Region and Metal Cofactors to Drive Genome Surveillance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697107v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Protective IFIH1 variant reduces immune-mediated islet stress and dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes genetic background 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.30.697107v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked dozens of genetic loci to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The IFIH1 gene, which encodes the double-stranded RNA sensor MDA5, is one such locus. The E627* single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IFIH1 is associated with protection against T1D, while the A946T variant is linked to increased risk. While the E627* variant has been shown to result in a truncated protein and dampen type I interferon (IFN) signaling, its specific role in human pancreatic islet health and function remains unclear. We hypothesized that MDA5627* would protect islet cells from stress-induced dysfunction, identity loss, and cell death. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we introduced the E627* and A946T variants into human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived from a T1D patient. We differentiated these hPSCs into stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) and treated them with IFN, poly(I:C), and coxsackievirus B3, an enterovirus implicated in T1D pathogenesis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and an array of functional assays, we investigated the variant impact on both whole SC-islets and their individual cell populations. Our analysis revealed that SC-islets, and their {beta}, , and {delta} cell subpopulations, harboring the MDA5627* variant exhibit an attenuated immune response to the various stressors compared to MDA5946T cells. We also report unique, cell-type-specific transcriptional responses that vary across variants. Notably, MDA5627* SC-islets showed reduced apoptosis rates and viral genome expression, as well as attenuated negative effects on mitochondrial function and insulin secretion in response to stress. Overall, our findings demonstrate that a clinically relevant MDA5 variant confers protection by dampening stress-mediated transcriptional responses, reducing cell dysfunction, and preventing apoptosis. These insights provide a mechanistic framework for understanding T1D pathogenesis and offer new avenues for developing preventative therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Veronese-Paniagua, D. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Banks, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bradley, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mukherjee, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gale, S. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hinshaw, K. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meacham, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iwaloye, O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tse, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mathews, C. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Millman, J. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.30.697107</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Protective IFIH1 variant reduces immune-mediated islet stress and dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes genetic background]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.696728v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fast and slow architectures of cortical dynamics in human brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.696728v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The human brain navigates a vast temporal landscape, bridging rapid millisecond dynamics of perception and action to the slow patterns of internal physiological regulation. This multi-scale capacity is traditionally attributed to a unitary, hierarchical gradient of intrinsic timescales. However, this unidimensional model fails to explain how local circuits can simultaneously sustain rapid behavioral responses and slow, body-coupled dynamics. Here, we resolve this fundamental tension by demonstrating that the human brain is organized into two parallel and functionally dissociable temporal architectures. Using a novel method, SPLIT (spectral piecewise-linear inference of timescales), applied to large-scale stereo-electroencephalography (8,619 contacts from 185 individuals), we dissociate fast ([~]10-100 Hz) and slow ([~]1-10 Hz) temporal components. We show that the fast-component timescales exclusively organize into the canonical sensory-to-transmodal hierarchy and capture fine-grained anterior-posterior gradients within the hippocampus and insula. In contrast, the slow-component timescales lack hierarchical structure and are selectively coupled to cardiac-related physiological signals. This dual architecture persists across wakefulness, resting state, sleep, and anesthesia, suggesting an intrinsic organizational principle. Our findings overturn the unitary view of brain timescales, establishing a bipartite framework where parallel temporal components simultaneously orchestrate perception, cognition, and action while maintaining neurovisceral regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lyu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.696728</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fast and slow architectures of cortical dynamics in human brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697145v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Sloppiness and Action Confinement in Cell State Transitions: Are Single Cells Sloppy? 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2025.12.31.697145v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Single-cell dynamics during cell state transitions (CST) are highly constrained, enabling precise control. However, there are challenges in achieving a system-level understanding or extracting general principles for CST dynamics due to the complexity of gene-gene interactions. Here, we introduce a new perspective to deal with these challenges using Fisher information. We found that, during CST, single cells exhibit pronounced sloppiness: cell states are sensitive only to a few "stiff" parameters while remaining robust to changes in numerous "sloppy" parameters. Critical transitions coincided with changes in stiff parameters. Moreover, stiff parameters typically exhibited minimal fluctuations and low velocities, whereas sloppy parameters allowed greater flexibility. Together, these findings can be summarized by stating that transition paths approximately adhere to a principle of least action. By characterizing the low dimensionality and constraints of CST through sloppiness and action, our work thus introduces a new conceptual and computational framework for analyzing single-cell dynamics.

TeaserExcept when transitions occur, single-cell dynamics exhibit sloppiness, adhering approximately to a least action principle.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ying, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2025-12-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2025.12.31.697145</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Sloppiness and Action Confinement in Cell State Transitions: Are Single Cells Sloppy?]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2025-12-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.01.697165v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proteolytic processing of Argonautes in multiphase condensates promotes transgenerational epigenetic inheritance 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.01.697165v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Epigenetic information can be memorized in perinuclear condenates to transmit across generations to modulate gene expression in descenent. Here, we identify a conserved N terminal proteolytic mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans that is essential for small RNA-mediated transgenerational epigenetic inheritance (TEI) and for maintaining germline immortality. Two conserved, perinuclear germ granule subcompartments-enriched N-terminal processing peptidases, APP-1 and DPF-3, act cooperatively to trim N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions of the Argonaute proteins WAGO-1, WAGO-3, and WAGO-4. This processing shields these Argonautes from proteasome-mediated protein degradation, prevents the loss of their associated small RNAs, and promotes their accumulation in germ granules subcompartments. In contrast, unprocessed WAGOs are recognized and destabilized by the conserved E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF-1 and UBR-7. We propose that this cooperative proteolytic mechanism adds another layer of sspatiotemporal regulation over small RNA-directed epigenetic inheritance and may represents a broadly conserved strategy for regulating protein homeostasis and gene expression programs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Deng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.01.697165</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proteolytic processing of Argonautes in multiphase condensates promotes transgenerational epigenetic inheritance]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697450v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Microglia stabilize sleep homeostasis via adenosine A3 receptor signaling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.02.697450v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sleep homeostasis maintains the sleep-wake balance through sleep pressure, a process orchestrated by the accumulation of extracellular adenosine (eADO). Microglial Ca{superscript 2} activity has been implicated in sleep regulation, but the mechanism whereby microglia sense sleep pressure remains unclear. Here we show that microglia regulate sleep homeostasis through brain state-dependent Ca2+ activity driven by adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) signaling. Using miniaturized two-photon microscopy (mTPM) in freely behaving mice, we demonstrate that microglial Ca{superscript 2} activity is rapidly altered by brain-state transitions. Pharmacological experiments reveal that microglial Ca2+ dynamics are predominantly mediated by A3R in response to brain state-dependent eADO oscillations. Microglia-specific deletion of A3R attenuates these state-dependent Ca2+ dynamics, impairs microglial morphological plasticity across sleep-wake cycles, and leads to sleep fragmentation by increasing transitions between wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Together, these findings establish that microglia regulate sleep homeostasis by stabilizing both wakefulness and NREM sleep, a process critically dependent on eADO-A3R signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ye, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.02.697450</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Microglia stabilize sleep homeostasis via adenosine A3 receptor signaling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697578v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Taking genomics outdoors: linking local adaptation, trait variation, and gene expression in grass ecotypes across a rainfall gradient 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.04.697578v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
With increasing droughts, understanding local adaptation and drought tolerance in ecologically dominant species is crucial for enhancing ecosystem resilience. We leveraged a long-term reciprocal garden to assess local adaptation and drought responses in Andropogon gerardi, a foundation grassland species in the US Great Plains. Our objectives were to identify adaptive traits, explore gene expression responses across a rainfall gradient and under experimental drought and integrate trait-based analyses with gene expression profiles to test for local adaptation. Reciprocal gardens, established a decade ago, are composed of different A. gerardi ecotypes sourced along a rainfall gradient (MAP 480-1167mm yr-1) and sown as ecological communities. Rainout shelters imposed experimental drought. We hypothesized that ecotypes should perform best in their homesite, reflecting local adaptation. The dry ecotype should perform best under rainouts and exhibit traits and expression profiles favoring drought tolerance; the wet ecotype should favor traits and gene expression enhancing growth and resource acquisition. We found ecotypes had highest biomass and cover in their homesite, confirming local adaptation. Under experimental drought, the dry ecotype demonstrated improved performance at the wet site, confirming its adaptive value under water limitation. The dry ecotype showed stress-tolerance strategies (shorter, more water-efficient, upregulated drought-response genes), while the wet ecotype emphasized growth strategies (taller, higher biomass, upregulation of growth hormone gibberellin). Using co-expression networks, gene clusters linked adaptive traits, revealing genetic mechanisms of adaptation. Results advance our understanding of adaptation by linking gene expression and trait variation to drought responses in locally-adapted ecotypes, informing ecotype climate-matching under drought.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Sytsma, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnson, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Galliart, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fogarty, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Howe, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Olson, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baer, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibson, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maricle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hartung, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.04.697578</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Taking genomics outdoors: linking local adaptation, trait variation, and gene expression in grass ecotypes across a rainfall gradient]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697639v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
RodZ acts through MreBCD to activate the elongasome in Escherichia coli 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.05.697639v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Most bacteria are surrounded by a peptidoglycan (PG) matrix that maintains cell shape and provides protection against turgor pressure. In many rod-shaped bacteria, synthesis of PG along the cell cylinder is organized by the elongasome, also called the Rod complex, which consists of six highly conserved proteins, including the actin-like MreB, the PG synthase complex RodA-PBP2 and three regulatory membrane proteins, MreC, MreD and RodZ. However, how these proteins interact with each other to form the elongasome and synthesize lateral PG remains elusive. In this study, by characterizing MreC mutations affecting elongasome activity in Escherichia coli, we provide evidence that MreC alternates between an active and an inactive state and these mutations affect MreC interaction with PBP2. We also find that RodZ interacts with MreC via a periplasmic region and disruption of this interaction compromises elongasome function. Additionally, we show that the cytoplasmic region of RodZ, which interacts with MreB, work synergistically with activating MreC mutations to promote rod shape formation. These results indicate that RodZ activates the elongasome by initiating two signaling cascades, one in the periplasm via MreCD, and another in the cytoplasm through MreB. This role of RodZ in regulating elongasome activity is analogous to that of FtsN in activating the divisome, suggesting that the mechanisms governing the activation of PG synthesis in cell elongation and division are similar in E. coli.

ImportanceThe elongasome, or Rod complex, mediates lateral peptidoglycan synthesis during cell elongation in many rod-shaped bacteria. It consists of the cytoskeletal protein MreB, the peptidoglycan synthase RodA-PBP2, and three regulatory proteins MreCD and RodZ. Although it has been extensively studied, how its activity is controlled remains incompletely understood. Here, we reveal the roles of MreCD and RodZ in regulating elongasome activity in Escherichia coli. Our results indicate that RodZ triggers lateral peptidoglycan synthesis by interacting with MreB in the cytoplasm and MreCD in the periplasm. These interactions likely switch MreBCD to the active state such that they can stimulate the activity of the RodA-PBP2 complex. This regulatory mechanism resembles the activation mechanism of the divisome that mediates septal peptidoglycan synthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Du, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gong, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lutkenhaus, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.05.697639</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[RodZ acts through MreBCD to activate the elongasome in Escherichia coli]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697944v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A Dynamic Search Mechanism Enables APE1 to Identify AP-Sites in DNA 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697944v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are among the most frequent DNA lesions, arising thousands of times per cell each day. These AP-sites threaten genomic stability and, if left unrepaired, can lead to mutagenesis and human disease. The essential base excision repair enzyme Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease I (APE1) initiates repair by cleaving DNA at AP-sites, yet how APE1 efficiently locates and recognizes these lesions within vast excesses of undamaged DNA has remained poorly understood. Using single-molecule imaging, we show that APE1 employs a dynamic search strategy that integrates 1D and 3D diffusion to rapidly scan DNA. On non-damaged DNA, APE1 undergoes fast diffusion, enabling efficient interrogation of large genomic regions within a single binding event. Upon encountering an AP-site, APE1 transitions from a mobile search state into a stationary, lesion-bound complex that is retained at the site of damage. Additional experiments with APE1 variants demonstrate that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain of APE1 supports 1D diffusion, whereas residue R177 stabilizes APE1 at the AP-site once recognized, and the catalytic residues D210 and E96 facilitate enzyme release after cleavage. Together, these findings define the molecular basis by which APE1 balances rapid genome surveillance with stable lesion engagement and timely release. More broadly, this work provides a mechanistic framework for how DNA repair enzymes efficiently locate and process rare lesions embedded within an excess of undamaged DNA.

Significance StatementDNA repair enzymes face the formidable challenge of locating rare lesions hidden within vast stretches of undamaged DNA. The essential enzyme APE1 is tasked with identifying and initiating repair of AP-sites, a frequent DNA lesion, to maintain genome integrity. We show that APE1 overcomes this challenge by using a dynamic search mechanism that integrates rapid scanning with precise lesion recognition. Its unstructured N-terminal domain facilitates fast movement along non-damaged DNA, while specific active site residues stabilize engagement at AP-sites and release after catalysis. This coordination of diffusion, recognition, and turnover allows APE1 to efficiently survey the genome and repair AP-sites to maintain genome stability.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dehart, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Oden, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weaver, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schaich, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Houten, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Freudenthal, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697944</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A Dynamic Search Mechanism Enables APE1 to Identify AP-Sites in DNA]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697976v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Persistent viral infection in the Drosophila fat body is associated with immune activation at the single-cell level 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697976v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundViruses are ubiquitous and can spread in two main ways: vertically, which involves transmission through or associated with gametes, and horizontally, which occurs through direct contact, airborne transmission, or indirect contact, such as through ingestion. Vertically transmitted, low virulence viruses can go undetected by both the immune system and researchers, and cause chronic, asymptomatic infections. In many Drosophila studies, researchers are unaware or ambivalent about the fact that the flies used may be infected with persistent viruses. Although they often have minimal or no observable fitness costs in laboratory fly samples, recent studies suggest that an increase in viral titer is associated with a decrease in lifespan.

ResultsIn this study, we explored changes in expression occurring during these cryptic virus infections. To achieve this, we utilized publicly accessible single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data of the Drosophila fat body, where we detected persistent infections of Nora and Drosophila A virus. We observed that Nora virus and Drosophila A virus exhibit broad cell-type tropism in the Drosophila fat body, and when coinfected, Drosophila A virus showed higher viral titer and cell infection rate. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial immune pathway alterations: Nora virus is broadly associated with upregulation of immune pathways (IMD, Toll), whereas Drosophila A virus is associated with downregulation of specific Toll pathway effector genes. Additionally, the expression of somatic transposable element (TE) transcripts was associated with viral infection, showing mating status-dependent patterns with downregulation in Nora virus-infected virgin flies and upregulation in mated flies for both viruses.

ConclusionsOverall, our results indicate that cryptic and persistent viral infections in Drosophila elicit transcriptional changes in the fat body, including activation of immune responses, and are associated with dysregulation of TE activity in somatic fat body cells.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Roy, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unckless, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697976</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Persistent viral infection in the Drosophila fat body is associated with immune activation at the single-cell level]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697942v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Evidence of autonomous neural specification for both brain and ventral nerve cord tissue in Annelida 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.06.697942v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Evolution of nervous systems is a long debated topic, and similar mechanisms of conditional neural specification linked to dorsal-ventral (D-V) axis formation across some taxa have been used to support homology. We tested for autonomous versus conditional neural specification in two distantly related annelids, Capitella teleta and Platynereis dumerilii, using blastomere isolations. Our results support previous work in C. teleta and further demonstrate that the autonomous specification of anterior neural tissue and for the first time in trunk neural tissue for both annelids. In C. teleta, we found evidence for conditional pro-neural and anti-neural signals for the VNC. Animal caps lacking vegetal macromeres at the 16-cell stage form a brain and a D-V axis but not a VNC while the addition of any single macromere rescues VNC fate. This suggests that animal micromeres other than 2d produce an anti-neural signal while a pro-neural signal is produced vegetally and that VNC specification is decoupled from D-V axis formation. Taken together, our study suggests possible conservation of autonomous specification of the brain and VNC within Annelida, raising interesting questions of how mechanisms controlling neural specification evolved in Spiralia.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Webster, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davila-Sandoval, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carrillo-Baltodano, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duda, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozpolat, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meyer, N. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.06.697942</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Evidence of autonomous neural specification for both brain and ventral nerve cord tissue in Annelida]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698845v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ANKS1B in the Nucleus Accumbens controls escalated cocaine self-administration via regulating CBP-FoxO3 complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.11.698845v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The transition from controlled to escalated drug intake is a core feature of cocaine use disorder (CUD), yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this behavioral escalation remain poorly defined. Our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified ANKS1B as a significant shared genetic risk factor for heroin, methamphetamine, and alcohol dependence, suggesting a broad role in addiction vulnerability. However, the specific function of ANKS1B in cocaine addiction and its associated neural mechanisms were unknown. Here, we found that ANKS1B expression level in the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) was downregulated after extended cocaine use, and manipulating ANKS1B could selectively influence the escalation of cocaine intake and the subsequent cocaine-seeking behavior in the long-access cocaine self-administration rat model. Molecular experiments reveal that ANKS1B interacts with the histone acetyltransferase CBP to control H3K27 acetylation and extended cocaine intake, via epigenetically repressing the transcription factor FoxO3. Overall, these findings suggest that ANKS1B is a crucial factor influencing the escalation of cocaine use. The ANKS1B-CBP-FoxO3 signaling pathway presents a promising target for potential therapeutic interventions for controlling extended cocaine use.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Z.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.11.698845</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ANKS1B in the Nucleus Accumbens controls escalated cocaine self-administration via regulating CBP-FoxO3 complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.698671v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Conserved Rhizosphere Microbiomes and Metabolic Functions Across Diverse Grapevine Rootstocks: Implications for Plant Elemental Composition 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.14.698671v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundWhile grapevine rootstocks are essential to commercial viticulture, researchers still lack a complete understanding of how these root systems and their associated microbiomes influence the vines mineral nutrition. Previous research has shown that rootstocks with similar pedigrees, reflecting the limited number of parental genotypes in the breeding pool, affect both the vines elemental profile and microbiome composition. Here, we extend this work by surveying a broader diversity of rootstock genotypes representing distinct parentage groups across multiple scions and by assessing both functional and taxonomic associations between the rhizosphere metagenome and vine elemental composition.

ResultsWe used a rootstock diversity trial with ten rootstock genotypes grafted to one of two scions to simultaneously characterize the rhizosphere metagenome and elemental composition of both berries and roots. We found that elemental composition varied strongly among vine compartments, while scion and rootstock had comparatively minor effects. Berries of  Cabernet Sauvignon contained higher concentrations of boron, potassium, and phosphorus than those of  Chardonnay. Only three elements in root tissues differed among rootstock genotypes, and these differences were unrelated to genetic relatedness among rootstocks. Rhizosphere microbiome composition was also conserved across rootstocks, suggesting that diverse genotypes recruit a consistent microbial community with similar functional potential. By linking rhizosphere microbiome profiles with root elemental composition, we found that Streptomyces and Mesorhizobium were significantly associated with elemental patterns, showing negative correlations with a principal component heavily loaded for molybdenum, cadmium, potassium, and iron.

ConclusionsOur findings suggest that vine compartment exerts a dominant influence on elemental composition, while rootstock genotypes have comparatively modest effects. Despite the overall conservation of the rhizosphere microbiome, specific microbial taxa were linked to elemental variation, highlighting potential microbe-element associations that may influence nutrient dynamics in the grapevine rhizosphere. These results provide a foundation for disentangling how root-associated microbes contribute to vine mineral nutrition, or vice versa, across diverse rootstock genotypes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Trello, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harris, Z. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Migicovsky, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.14.698671</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Conserved Rhizosphere Microbiomes and Metabolic Functions Across Diverse Grapevine Rootstocks: Implications for Plant Elemental Composition]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700952v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Carbon dioxide sequestration into biomineral armor by ants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700952v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Over geologic time, Earths climate has been shaped by the capture and conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into stable carbonate minerals, including dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. Accelerating natural carbon mineralization offers significant potential for mitigating anthropogenic climate change. Using stable carbon isotope tracking, nano-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and 13C SSNMR, we show that, paralleling global biosphere-level processes, Sericomyrmex amabilis fungus-farming ants rapidly convert CO2 in their nest chambers into a biomineral layer covering their exoskeletons. We further reveal that biogenic carbon mineralization by these ants produces partially ordered dolomite. This rapid sequestration of CO2 into defensive armor in ants provides a fascinating natural example of mediation of potentially toxic accumulation of atmospheric CO2 that could inform human efforts to mitigate climate change.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bruner-Montero, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sardina, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hao, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schultz, T. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johnston, R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Currie, C. R. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700952</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide sequestration into biomineral armor by ants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700761v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Functional Human Retinohypothalamic Tract Assembloid Model for Circadian Rhythm Research 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700761v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is the primary pathway for circadian photoentrainment. Rodent models exhibit a significant translational gap for human physiology due to their nocturnal nature. To overcome this, we developed a functional human RHT assembloid by fusing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived retinal and hypothalamus organoids. Characterization revealed mature retinal  brush borders and the preservation of melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) integrated via excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Multielectrode array (MEA) analysis confirmed synchronized network activity across the interface. The development of the human RHT assembloid represents a significant leap forward in chronobiology. The "gold standard" for circadian models--self-sustained gene expression oscillations--was demonstrated using a PER2::Luciferase reporter, showing robust 20- 30 hour rhythms. This validates the hypothalamic component as a functional "clock in a dish". This platform provides a readout to screen drugs or test light-pulse effects on circadian phase, directly modeling jet lag or phase-shifting. Overall, this model offers a high-fidelity system for investigating human-specific chronobiological mechanisms in vitro.

Graphical Abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=75 SRC="FIGDIR/small/700761v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
View larger version (27K):
org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1327027org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@61183corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7e280eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@77e7ce_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP  M_FIG C_FIG
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kahveci, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cakiroglu, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kaleli, H. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harputluoglu Efendi, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derkus, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozelci, O. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nizamoglu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kavakli, I. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Senturk, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolay, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yilmaz, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guven, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700761</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Functional Human Retinohypothalamic Tract Assembloid Model for Circadian Rhythm Research]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700818v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A 3D printed mini-gel electrophoresis system for rapid and inexpensive DNA nanoswitch biosensing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.21.700818v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gel electrophoresis has been a cornerstone laboratory technique for decades, yet it is often viewed as cumbersome, costly, and has remained confined to laboratory settings. Recent advances in DNA nanotechnology have repurposed electrophoresis as a primary readout for some biosensing applications such as DNA nanoswitches, where a conformational change in a DNA structure indicates the presence of a target molecule. Conventional gel electrophoresis setups not ideal for such targeted applications, with moderate equipment cost, excessive reagent use, and time-consuming processes. Here, we adopt a reductionist, application-driven approach to redesign gel electrophoresis specifically for DNA nanoswitch-based detection. We present a fully 3D-printable mini gel electrophoresis system that incorporates conductive plastic electrodes, demonstrating performance comparable to conventional systems using platinum electrodes. By optimizing the inter-electrode distance and running parameters, our system resolves the on/off states of DNA nanoswitches in as little as one minute. We further show that the device operates reliably at low voltages, including when powered by a USB power bank, and even enables instrument-free nanoswitch readout using an LED with a cell-phone camera. Our design substantially reduces the cost, voltage requirements, material usage, operational complexity, and experiment time. These improvements make gel-based biosensing more practical outside traditional laboratory environments, paving the way for broader adoption of gel electrophoresis in point-of-care and resource-limited settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Morya, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cole, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Halvorsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.21.700818</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A 3D printed mini-gel electrophoresis system for rapid and inexpensive DNA nanoswitch biosensing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701302v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
BiHiTo: Biomolecular Hierarchy-inspired Tokenization 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701302v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional atomic arrangements of biomolecules are key to demystifying biological functions. The rapid expansion of accessible structural data, driven by advances in AI for science, highlights the critical challenge of efficiently modeling large-scale biomolecular structures, which are high-dimensional systems shaped by biological assembly principles. To address this, we introduce BiHiTo, a multi-level Biomolecular Hierarchy-inspired Tokenizer that intrinsically mimics natural biological assembly hierarchies. Specifically, we design a multi-codebook quantizer that mirrors the natural hierarchy of biomolecular structure, enabling simultaneous capture of representations spanning atomic motifs to global conformational variations. This hierarchical alignment markedly improves the biological interpretability and reconstruction fidelity of biomolecular structure.Extensive experiments demonstrate that BiHiTo delivers state-of-the-art performance and robust generalization across molecular dynamics trajectories and macromolecular complexes, facilitating advances in structure generation and dynamic conformation exploration. In the reconstruction of the CASP14 and OOD test set FastFolding protein multi-conformation data, our method achieves a 17% and 51% reduction in RMSD compared to Bio2Token, respectively.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.701302</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[BiHiTo: Biomolecular Hierarchy-inspired Tokenization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701436v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dynamic reorganization of Developmental to Adult Genome Topology Controls the Initiation and Stabilization of the Human Muscle Stem Cell State 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.23.701436v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Developmental gene expression is under tight temporal and spatial control. This regulation is imparted by tissue specific enhancers that integrate developmental signals into transcriptional responses to allow for developmental progression. Often species specific, the enhancers that regulate human muscle progenitor and stem cell gene expression are currently unknown. Here, we define the 3D chromatin organization of human muscle development and reveal key changes across the human genome that are associated with multiple layers of 3D genome reorganization during the transition from a more progenitor-like to muscle stem cell state, including a reduction of TAD numbers and an increase in CTCF binding at TAD boundaries and chromatin loops throughout developmental progression. Specifically, we found that increased CTCF occupancy at human enhancers of PAX7 in stem cells holds enhancer-promoter (e-p) loops for timely activation of PAX7 enhancers during early human development. These findings demonstrate that stem cell state acquisition is stabilized earlier than previously known and provide unprecedented insights into the initiation and control of the muscle stem cell state in humans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Romero, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chien, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nicoletti, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liliom, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cox, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Skuratovsky, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saleh, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gibbs, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gane, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hoang, D.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Caputo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Massenet, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sobreira, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puri, P. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pyle, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.701436</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dynamic reorganization of Developmental to Adult Genome Topology Controls the Initiation and Stabilization of the Human Muscle Stem Cell State]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701523v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Stress adaptation pathways and HA-CD44 signaling maintain the survival of pancreatic cancer cells with centrosome amplification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.24.701523v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centrosome amplification (CA) is a hallmark of aggressive cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and is linked to genomic instability and poor prognosis. While CA promotes tumor evolution, it also imposes substantial intracellular stress that cells must overcome to survive. However, the specific metabolic adaptations that enable cancer cells to tolerate stress induced by supernumerary centrosomes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that PDAC cells with CA acquire distinct metabolic dependencies that sustain survival. A metabolism-focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen, coupled with functional validations, identified critical vulnerabilities in three inter-connected axes: redox homeostasis, nucleotide sugar metabolism, and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Specifically, CA elevates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), creating a reliance on glutamine metabolism and NRF2-driven antioxidant signaling. CRISPR screen hits in the hexosamine and uronic acid pathways revealed dependencies that converge on hyaluronic acid (HA) metabolism, and functional assays demonstrated that the HA-CD44 axis is required for centrosome clustering and mitotic fidelity, with its disruption increasing lethal multipolar divisions. In parallel, CA activated all branches of the UPR, and both hyper-activation and suppression of ER stress proved detrimental, indicating a finely tuned proteostatic equilibrium is essential for adaptation. Together, these findings show that, in a PLK4-driven model, centrosome-amplified cells rely on coordinated redox control, proteostatic buffering, and extracellular matrix signaling to tolerate CA-induced stress, revealing selective vulnerabilities that could be therapeutically exploited to target aggressive, therapy-resistant tumor subpopulations.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goksel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalkan, B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cicek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanevetci, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.24.701523</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Stress adaptation pathways and HA-CD44 signaling maintain the survival of pancreatic cancer cells with centrosome amplification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.25.701545v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Proximity labeling reveals cell cycle-specific NEK2 interactions and a regulatory axis controlling NUSAP1 stability 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.25.701545v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
NEK2 is a cell cycle-regulated kinase best known for its role in centrosome separation, yet the phase-specific organization of its interaction network has remained unclear. Here, we combine a doxycycline-inducible TurboID system with mass spectrometry to generate a cell cycle-resolved NEK2 interactome in synchronized U2OS cells. Using generalized additive models (GAMs), we identified different enrichment trajectories of the NEK2 interacting proteins across G1/S, late S, and G2/M, linking NEK2 to chromosome and spindle regulation, RNA-ribonucleoprotein processes, vesicle/lysosome compartments, and ubiquitin-associated pathways. Targeted validations (streptavidin pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence) confirmed the interaction and binding for selected partners. Focusing on NUSAP1, NEK2 induction led to rapid loss of NUSAP1 protein without changes in mRNA levels, and this decrease was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Consistently, NUSAP1 exhibited slower decay in cycloheximide chase assays and reduced ubiquitination in NEK2 knockout cells, indicating NEK2-dependent proteasomal turnover. Global proteomic analysis of NEK2-deficient cells revealed widespread remodeling of protein abundance, including increased NUSAP1 and decreased KIF2C, accompanied by coordinated changes in pathways governing mitotic progression, microtubule organization, and ubiquitin-mediated protein turnover. Together, these findings provide a dynamic map of the NEK2 interactome across the cell cycle and uncover a NEK2-NUSAP1 degradation pathway, offering a framework to study how kinase interactomes are remodeled by cell cycle progression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cicek, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozcan, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kanevetci, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kalkan, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozkan, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ozlu, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Acilan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.25.701545</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Proximity labeling reveals cell cycle-specific NEK2 interactions and a regulatory axis controlling NUSAP1 stability]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A general and extensible algorithmic framework to biological sequence alignment across scales and applications 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Sequence alignment underpins nearly every facet of modern genomics, from genetic testing and cancer profiling to functional genome annotation. Yet, despite decades of algorithmic innovation, most existing aligners remain narrowly optimized for specific tasks, fragmenting analytical workflows and limiting reproducibility. Here we introduce the Versatile Alignment Toolkit (VAT), a unified algorithmic framework that generalizes existing seeding and genome-indexing strategies within a single, transparent architecture. VAT employs a novel multi-view indexing scheme that integrates multiple seeding strategies and supports run-time seed-length parameterization without reindexing. A radix clustering algorithm based on hardware-efficient in-register bitonic sort accelerates multi-view table construction, ensuring scalability across large datasets. VAT delivers consistently high performance across diverse alignment tasks, including short- and long-read mapping, homology search, and whole-genome alignment, while maintaining algorithmic simplicity and adaptability. By bridging previously isolated alignment paradigms, VAT substantially reduces workflow complexity, enhances computational efficiency, and establishes an extensible foundation for future sequencing technologies. We anticipate this unification will set a new standard for flexible and reproducible sequence alignment in biomedical research and clinical genomics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xuan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A general and extensible algorithmic framework to biological sequence alignment across scales and applications]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702332v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Keratin 5 marks cancer-propagating cells sustained by an osteopontin-producing niche in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702332v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and aggressive form of ovarian cancer. Advanced HGSCs exhibit pronounced cellular heterogeneity, including a subset of cancer-propagating cells (CPCs, also known as cancer stem cells) that are highly tumorigenic and display stem cell-associated properties such as self-renewal and chemoresistance. In contrast, a substantial fraction of HGSC cells is non-tumorigenic. The role of these non-cancer-propagating cells (non-CPCs) and their relationship to CPCs remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that neoplastic cells expressing the intermediate filament protein keratin 5 (KRT5) represent bona fide CPCs. KRT5 cells form cancer organoids over successive passages, are tumorigenic in serial dilution xenograft assays, and are resistant to the antineoplastic agents, doxorubicin and cisplatin. Single-cell lineage-tracing experiments show that KRT5 CPCs give rise to KRT5- cells. KRT5 and KRT5- populations exhibit distinct gene expression profiles, with KRT5- cells characterized by expression of SPP1, which encodes the secreted factor osteopontin (OPN). Treatment with OPN enhances HGSC organoid growth and chemoresistance, whereas SPP1 knockdown reverses these effects. Together, these findings support a model in which HGSC contains two hierarchically related cell populations: KRT5, OPN-responsive CPCs and KRT5-, non-tumorigenic cells that form a niche producing OPN. Targeting pathways that sustain both stem-like tumor cells and their supportive niche may enable reduced dosing of highly toxic chemotherapeutic agents while enhancing therapeutic efficacy in HGSC.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Bidarimath, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ralston, C. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bidarimath, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rose, I. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Colina, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmoeckel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellenson, L. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flesken-Nikitin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitin, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-01-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702332</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Keratin 5 marks cancer-propagating cells sustained by an osteopontin-producing niche in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-01-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702345v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Isoform-Specific Functions of p73 Drive Survival and Chemoresistance in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.28.702345v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents 30-40% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and is curable in >60% of patients; however, approximately one-third ultimately relapse. Although prior studies in normal B cells and lymphoma models implicate p73 in B-cell lymphomagenesis, the functional role of individual p73 isoforms in DLBCL remains poorly defined. TP73, a TP53 family member located on chromosome 1p36, encodes both transcriptionally active (TAp73) and dominant-negative ({Delta}Np73) isoforms that differentially regulate apoptosis and proliferation. In this study, we characterized p73 locus alterations, isoform-specific expression patterns, and their biological relevance in DLBCL. Chromosomal analysis revealed disruption of the 1p36 locus--predominantly via heterozygous deletion--in 35% of patient samples, which significantly correlated with elevated {Delta}Np73 expression. Immunohistochemical profiling demonstrated a positive association between TAp73 and cleaved caspase-3, and between {Delta}Np73 and Ki-67. Conversely, TAp73 expression negatively correlated with the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-6. Functional studies in DLBCL cell lines further confirmed that TAp73 enhances sensitivity to serum deprivation and doxorubicin, whereas {Delta}Np73 overexpression promotes survival and chemoresistance. Together, these findings identify p73 isoform imbalance as a key contributor to DLBCL pathogenesis and therapeutic response, highlighting {Delta}Np73 as a potential biomarker of aggressive disease and treatment resistance, and TAp73 as a tumor-suppressive axis warranting further investigation.

SummaryDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, yet relapse remains a major challenge. The p73 gene produces two key isoforms with opposing functions: TAp73, which promotes apoptosis, and {Delta}Np73, which inhibits cell death and supports tumor growth. In DLBCL samples, 1p36 chromosomal disruption occurred in 35% of cases and was associated with elevated {Delta}Np73. TAp73 expression correlated with apoptosis markers, whereas {Delta}Np73 correlated with proliferation. Functional studies showed TAp73 sensitizes DLBCL cells to stress and chemotherapy, while {Delta}Np73 enhances resistance. These findings highlight {Delta}Np73 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in DLBCL.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hassan, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Varney, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weisenburger, D. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Singh, R. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dave, B. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.28.702345</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Isoform-Specific Functions of p73 Drive Survival and Chemoresistance in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702512v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CD8+CD20+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Exhibit Augmented Degranulation and Pro-inflammatory Potential in Multiple Sclerosis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702512v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The effectiveness of CD20-targeting therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) underscores the role of B cells in the disease, yet the limited success of other B cell-specific treatments suggests additional mechanisms at play. Intriguingly, CD20 is also expressed on a subset of highly active memory T cells, particularly cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). This study investigated the functional characteristics of CD8+CD20+ CTLs in MS. We observed a significant increase in CD8+CD20+ CTL prevalence in MS patients, with enhanced infiltration into the cerebrospinal fluid. Consistent with prior reports, these cells exhibited heightened proliferation and production of IFN-{gamma}, TNF-, and GM-CSF. Notably, we demonstrate for the first time that CD8+CD20+ CTLs display escalated degranulation and produce significantly higher levels of Granzyme B, Perforin, and Granzyme K compared to their CD20-counterparts, with further augmentation in pwMS compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that in MS, CD8+CD20+ CTLs are actively recruited to the CNS, exhibiting enhanced cytotoxicity and a potent pro-inflammatory profile, particularly through elevated Granzyme K production, contributing significantly to the chronic inflammatory milieu and immunopathogenesis of MS.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Albayrak, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Unlu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Akkaya, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kizilirmak, A. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doran, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Uzulmez, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baytekin, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soylu, O. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Koseoglu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuksel, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soysal, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vural, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702512</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CD8+CD20+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Exhibit Augmented Degranulation and Pro-inflammatory Potential in Multiple Sclerosis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702530v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Dissociable Effects of Early and Adolescent Adversity on Emotional Contagion 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.01.29.702530v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundEarly-life adversity can alter emotional and social development and increase vulnerability to later life stress. We investigated how early adverse experiences (EAE) and later adverse experiences (LAE) shape adult emotional contagion (EC) responses in female and male rats.

MethodsEAE was induced using the limited bedding and nesting model during the first postnatal week. LAE was induced via footshocks during adolescence. In adulthood, male and female rats underwent an EC test in which observers witnessed a conspecific receiving footshocks.

ResultsAdolescence-footshock exposed observers showed cingulate cortex-associated increased immobility, proximity, and attention toward distressed conspecifics during adulthood, compared to adult-exposed and sham animals, both in male and female animals. While EAE did alter maternal care, pup stress physiology, and pup weight, we found evidence that it did not alter immobility during EC. However, female demonstrators paired with EAE observers showed increased immobility, linked to a reduced rate and lower frequency of the observers 50-kHz vocalizations. Mediation analysis revealed that a shift toward lower-frequency 50-kHz vocalizations specifically mediated this effect, suggesting a sex-specific pathway by which early adversity shapes social behavior.

ConclusionsEarly and adolescent adversity influenced distinct aspects of emotional contagion: EAE mediated an observer-to-demonstrator emotional transfer during EC, while LAE impacted a demonstrator-to-observer transfer, with no evidence of additive effects. Our results highlight developmentally specific and sex-dependent mechanisms by which early and later adversity alter social-affective responses in adulthood.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Maldonado, P. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Berretta, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Canicatti, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Soyman, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cuturela, L. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rajendran, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sadeghi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Babiczky, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goebel, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Krugers, H. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keysers, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazzola, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.01.29.702530</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Dissociable Effects of Early and Adolescent Adversity on Emotional Contagion]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703160v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neural representations of dynamic social interactions 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703160v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans effortlessly learn attributes of other individuals and their complex web of connections through navigating the social world1,2. Yet, the neural mechanisms that transform these transient interactions into structured, multidimensional knowledge remain unknown3,4. Here, using a naturalistic fMRI paradigm5, we develop a computational framework to demonstrate how the human brain factorizes and integrates dynamic social interactions to construct multiplex social graphs. This approach not only predicts neural responses during movie-viewing but also allows for the reconstruction of subjective social cognitive maps directly from brain activity. Crucially, the relational geometry of these reconstructed maps accurately predicts inferred personality traits, indicating that relational and trait knowledge emerge from a shared neural representation reflecting interactional dynamics. These findings reveal an organizing computational principle by which the brain transforms dynamic social experiences into structured cognitive maps6, providing a key mechanism for the emergence of multiplex social knowledge in the human mind.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jolly, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shim, W. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703160</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neural representations of dynamic social interactions]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703163v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PepMCP: A Graph-Based Membrane Contact Probability Predictor for Membrane-Lytic Antimicrobial Peptides 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.01.703163v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
MotivationThe membrane-lytic mechanism of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is often overlooked during their in silico discovery process, largely due to the lack of a suitable metric for the membrane-binding propensity of peptides. Previously, we proposed a characteristic called membrane contact probability (MCP) and applied it to the identification of membrane proteins and membrane-lytic AMPs. However, previous MCP predictors were not trained on short peptides targeting bacterial membranes, which may result in unsatisfactory performance for peptide studies.

ResultsIn this study, we present PepMCP, a peptide-tailored model for predicting MCP values of short peptides. We collected more than 500 membrane-lytic AMPs from the literature, conducted coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for these AMPs, and extracted their residue MCP labels from MD trajectories to train PepMCP. PepMCP employs the GraphSAGE framework to address this node regression task, encoding each peptide sequence as a graph with 4-hop edges. PepMCP achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0. 883 and an RMSE of 0. 123 on th e node-level test set. It can recognize membrane-lytic AMPs with the predicted MCP values for each sequence, thereby facilitating mechanism-driven AMP discovery. Additionally, we provide a database, MemAMPdb, which includes the membrane-lytic AMPs, as well as the PepMCP web server for easy access.

Availability and ImplementationThe code and data are available at https://github.com/ComputBiophys/PepMCP.

Contactc.song@pku.edu.cn

Supplementary InformationSupplementary data are available online.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Awang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.01.703163</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PepMCP: A Graph-Based Membrane Contact Probability Predictor for Membrane-Lytic Antimicrobial Peptides]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703457v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Methylation-Guided Stratification of Colorectal Cancer Reveals Immune Subtypes with Distinct Clinical Outcomes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.03.703457v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Yet, how DNA methylation is linked to transcriptional states, immune programs, and tissue resident microbiome within the same tumors has not been systematically analyzed.

MethodsWe profiled genome-wide DNA methylation (Illumina MethylationEPIC) in 182 colon tumors and 76 adjacent normals from AC-ICAM, and integrated with matched transcriptomes, whole exome, microbiome, and clinical data. Tumor-specific methylation, promoter methylation-expression links, microbiome associations, and survival were analyzed and validated in TCGA-COAD.

ResultsTumor and normal tissues exhibited distinct DNA methylation patterns, reflecting widespread epigenetic alterations in cancer. Pathway analysis identified two major tumor pathways regulated by DNA methylation. The first involved extracellular signaling and adhesion genes, with higher methylation linked to increased proliferation and lower immune infiltration. Similarly, higher tumor methylation in nitric oxide signaling was associated with reduced adaptive immune activity and interestingly, influenced immune-related survival. These findings were also validated in the TCGA-COAD cohort. An inverse methylation-expression pattern implicated modifications of TCR signaling in naive CD8, and interferon-/{beta} signaling which were hypermethylated and hypomethylated in tumors compared to normal, respectively. Combining methylation and microbiome revealed connections between Akkermansia muciniphila and TGF-{beta} and Prevotella nigrescens with MAPK signaling pathways. Finally, a methylation-based model using 43 promoters CpGs successfully identified patients with different survival outcomes, underscoring the clinical relevance of these epigenetic alterations in colon cancer.

ConclusionDNA methylation shapes the molecular and immune landscape of colon cancer, altering signaling pathways and immune programs, interacting with the microbiome, and impacting patients survival.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mall, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Raynaud, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saadeh, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sherif, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alanany, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Hajj, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bedognetti, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Roelands, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hendrickx, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.03.703457</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Methylation-Guided Stratification of Colorectal Cancer Reveals Immune Subtypes with Distinct Clinical Outcomes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703460v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The kinetics of ribonucleoprotein granules 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.04.703460v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are biomolecular condensates composed of diverse RNAs and RNA-binding proteins that play essential roles in regulating multiple aspects of RNA biology. As complex biological systems, the condensate functions of RNP granules emerge from the higher-order kinetic assembly of individual molecules. Here, we develop an in vitro single-molecule approach--termed SMART (group single-molecule assay for ribonucleoprotein granules)--that enables direct and quantitative measurements of RNP granule assembly and disassembly kinetics across nanoscale to mesoscale regimes. Using SMART, we reveal that RNP granule assembly is strongly pathway dependent. In parallel, we develop a minimal two-state mathematical model that faithfully reproduces these kinetic behaviors. This model enables quantification of multivalent interaction timescales, reconstruction of the underlying free-energy landscape governing RNP granule dynamics, and demonstrates that this assembly process is intrinsically non-equilibrium. Understanding the condensate functions of RNP granules suggests new strategies for their rational manipulation in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qi, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.04.703460</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The kinetics of ribonucleoprotein granules]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704290v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Causal evidence for a shared mechanism linking language and tool use via the putamen 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704290v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Both human language and tool use--two hallmark capacities of human cognition--depend on organizing discrete elements, i.e., symbols and actions, into highly constrained structured sequences to achieve a functional goal. However, the neural mechanism linking these capacities is unclear. We combined brain lesion analysis, developmental contrast, and functional neuroimaging to test whether the basal ganglia play a causal role in their shared capacity. In 100 adults with focal brain injury, damage to the putamen disrupted both sentence processing and tool use, with impairments specifically explained by reduced goal-dependent sequence integrity for both tasks. Further comparing populations with typical and deprived early language experience (congenitally deaf adults with vs. without early sign language exposure), we found that early language acquisition was associated with improved tool-use performance and strengthened putaminal responses to such goal dependency, which mediated the relationship between sentence sequence integrity and tool behavior. Together, these results identify the putamen as a key neural substrate supporting goal-dependent sequence integrity across language and action, and show how early language experience shapes this conserved control system.

One-Sentence SummaryLanguage and tool use share a putamen-based mechanism that supports goal-dependent sequence integrity, and this mechanism is strengthened by early language experience.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bi, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704290</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Causal evidence for a shared mechanism linking language and tool use via the putamen]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704328v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Synergistic integration of inducible RNA switches enhances the manipulation of vector expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.06.704328v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Precise manipulation of gene expression is pivotal for gene function studies and the optimization of gene therapy. RNA-based gene switches are attractive tools due to their robust tunability by FDA-approved small molecules, the absence of exogenous immunogenic proteins, and the small size for gene delivery vectors such as adeno-associated virus (AAV). However, existing RNA switches only target a single step of gene expression such as transcription or RNA splicing, exhibiting intrinsic limitations in gene regulation. To overcome this issue, this study integrated the aptamer-based polyA regulator (pA), the drug-elicitable alternative splicing module (DreAM) and an engineered translation modulator with conditional upstream open reading frames (uORFs) to construct the DreAM-plus RNA switch. The pA-DreAM concatenation led to 1.5[~]5.0-fold and 1.2[~]4.4-fold increase of inducible fold changes than pA and DreAM, respectively. The uORF module further enhanced the switching performance by 1.4[~]6.3-fold. DreAM-plus-mediated transient transgene expression demonstrated a temporal resolution of about 24 hours and high tissue specificity to liver or heart. Critically, DreAM-plus achieved transient expression of an array of gene editors (SpCas9, SaCas9, Un1Cas12f1, OsCas12f1, AcCas12n, IsDra2 TnpB etc.) that significantly mitigated off-target effects by 1.4[~]2.8 folds in plasmids, lentivirus and AAV. In a new mouse model with lipid-nanoparticle-delivered pre-existing immunity, DreAM-plus attenuated AAV-delivered Cas-specific CD8 T cell immune toxicity in the liver and the heart. Therefore, multiple RNA switches could be synergistically integrated to build more sophisticated genetic cassettes for enhanced manipulation of gene expression.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.704328</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Synergistic integration of inducible RNA switches enhances the manipulation of vector expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704707v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Noncanonical loops regulated by EMF1 and cohesin-associated factors shape the distinct 3D genome architecture in plants 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.08.704707v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
In mammals, cohesin-mediated chromatin loop extrusion is blocked at boundaries, where CTCF, WAPL, and PDS5s co-bind and regulate cohesin, establishing an impermeable barrier with no exceptions. In contrast, our study revealed that in Arabidopsis, some noncanonical contacts have emerged between the boundary flanking regions, which suggest that cohesin is not absolutely blocked but enables sliding beyond boundaries. We identified these interactions as noncanonical loops and clarified their regulatory proteins.

Firstly, the plant-specific boundary binding protein EMF1 is essential for noncanonical loops formation. Surprisingly, although both Arabidopsis WAPLs and PDS5s inhibit loop extension as mammals, PDS5s do not co-bind and cooperate with WAPLs at boundaries. Instead, PDS5s bind to boundary-flanking regions enriched with H3K4me1 through their Tudor domains, restricting further extension of noncanonical loops. Consequently, pds5a/b/c mutants lose noncanonical loops, resulting in emergence of larger canonical loops but anchored on boundaries and co-upregulation of anchored gene pairs. Collectively, our findings reveal that the plant-specific noncanonical loop, regulated by plant-specific EMF1 and PDS5 proteins, is the fundamental structure of the distinctive chromatin organization of plants, which provides novel mechanistic insights into eukaryotic chromatin architecture regulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Calonje, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.08.704707</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Noncanonical loops regulated by EMF1 and cohesin-associated factors shape the distinct 3D genome architecture in plants]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704693v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Lmna deficiency promotes EPHX2 nuclear translocation to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in mice 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704693v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are often associated with altered protein subcellular localization. As a major cause of inherited cardiomyopathy, LMNA deficiency could trigger nuclear envelope rupture and broadly impair the localization of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Systemic approaches to identify, dissect and manipulate the localization of endogenous proteins are important for mechanistic and therapeutic investigation.

MethodProximity proteomics of the nuclear lamina was performed specifically in cardiomyocytes in Lmna-deficient murine models. AAV-mediated Cas9-based gene silencing and subcellular gene upregulation were conducted via the nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES). Cas9-based somatic mutagenesis was supplemented with the single-strand DNA templates of AAV to achieve robust homology-directed repair (HDR) and targeted NLS knock-in, which translocated cytoplasmic proteins into nuclei.

ResultIn vivo proximity proteomics detected increased epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) in cardiomyocyte nuclei in mice carrying germline or cardiac-specific Lmna truncating variants. This phenotype was associated with ruptured nuclear envelope. Cas9-mediated Ephx2 knockout in cardiomyocytes ameliorated cardiac dysfunction in Lmna-deficient mice. Strikingly, overexpression of NLS-EPHX2, but not NES-EPHX2, also mitigated cardiac dysfunction. The cardiac protective EPHX2 substrates, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), did not alter upon NLS-EPHX2 overexpression. By contrast, the Lmna-related DNA damage marker {gamma}-H2AX was reduced. The EPHX-D333A mutant lacking hydrolase activity recapitulated the effects of wildtype EPHX2 in nuclei. AAV-Cas9-based HDR achieved efficient NLS knock-in and EPHX2 nuclear translocation in more than 60% cardiomyocytes, which improved cardiac function.

ConclusionLmna deficiency leads to the nuclear translocation of EPHX2, which ameliorated cardiac dysfunction in a hydrolase-independent manner. AAV-HDR-mediated somatic gene editing provides an efficient approach to manipulate the subcellular localization of endogenous proteins in cardiomyocytes in vivo.

What is Known?O_LICardiovascular diseases are regulated by the changes in protein subcellular localization. In particular, LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is associated with nuclear rupture and impaired separation between nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.
C_LIO_LIEpoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is a cytoplasmic hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and aggravates an array of heart diseases including myocardial infarction and heart failure.
C_LIO_LICRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) exhibits uniquely high gene editing efficiency in cardiomyocytes with an AAV-based DNA donor, which is suitable for somatic genetic knock-in of small DNA fragments in vivo.
C_LI

What New Information Does This Article Contribute?O_LILamin-targeted proximity proteomics specifically in cardiomyocytes uncovers novel proteins undergoing subcellular localization changes upon Lmna deficiency.
C_LIO_LILmna deficiency leads to EPHX2 nuclear translocation that ameliorates cardiac dysfunction by both mechanisms of cytoplasmic reduction and nuclear induction.
C_LIO_LIAAV-HDR-mediated knock-in provides a robust platform to manipulate subcellular localization of endogenous proteins specifically in cardiomyocytes in vivo.
C_LI

Cardiovascular diseases are often associated with altered protein subcellular localization, but systemic approaches to identify, study and manipulate subcellular localization remain incomplete. This study established an in vivo proximity proteomics approach to identify novel proteins undergoing localization changes relative to the nuclear lamina. In murine models of LMNA-related cardiomyopathy, this approach uncovered EPHX2, a classic cytoplasmic hydrolase that aggravates cardiovascular diseases, as a new protein that translocated into cell nucleus and exerted a cardiac protective effect. CRISPR/Cas9-based cardiomyocyte gene editing with an AAV-based DNA donor efficiently achieved NLS knock-in into the Ephx2 gene, promoted EPHX2 protein nuclear translocation and mitigated cardiac dysfunction with Lmna deficiency. These findings indicated a novel avenue to identify and manipulate the subcellular localization changes of endogenous proteins for basic and translational cardiology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Guo, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lv, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704693</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Lmna deficiency promotes EPHX2 nuclear translocation to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in mice]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704949v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
DIA-CLIP: a universal representation learning framework for zero-shot DIA proteomics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.09.704949v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) has established itself as a cornerstone of proteomic profiling and large-scale systems biology, offering unparalleled depth and reproducibility. Current DIA analysis frameworks, however, require semi-supervised training within each run for peptide-spectrum match (PSM) re-scoring. This approach is prone to overfitting and lacks generalizability across diverse species and experimental conditions. Here, we present DIA-CLIP, a pre-trained model shifting the DIA analysis paradigm from semisupervised training to universal cross-modal representation learning. By integrating dualencoder contrastive learning framework with encoder-decoder architecture, DIA-CLIP establishes a unified cross-modal representation for peptides and corresponding spectral features, achieving high-precision, zero-shot PSM inference. Extensive evaluations across diverse benchmarks demonstrate that DIA-CLIP consistently outperforms state-of-the-art tools, yielding up to a 45% increase in protein identification while achieving a 12% reduction in entrapment identifications. Moreover, DIA-CLIP holds immense potential for diverse practical applications, such as single-cell and spatial proteomics, where its enhanced identification depth facilitates the discovery of novel biomarkers and the elucidates of intricate cellular mechanisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>E, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-11</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.09.704949</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[DIA-CLIP: a universal representation learning framework for zero-shot DIA proteomics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-11</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705201v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A novel uN2CpolyG Transgenic Mouse Model Recapitulates Multisystemic polyG Proteinopathy Pathology of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.10.705201v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a polyglycine disease that primarily affects the neuronal and neuromuscular systems. Here, we developed a novel transgenic mouse model that faithfully recapitulates the multisystemic impairments associated with polyG intranuclear inclusions. Our findings demonstrate that polyG expression induces neurodegeneration, behavioral deficits, and age-dependent accumulation of uN2CpolyG aggregates across multiple tissues.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yuan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hong, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Charlet-Berguerand, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.10.705201</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A novel uN2CpolyG Transgenic Mouse Model Recapitulates Multisystemic polyG Proteinopathy Pathology of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705048v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low levels of metabolic auxotrophy among environmental Pseudomonas isolates 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705048v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Auxotrophy, the inability of bacteria to synthesize one or multiple essential metabolites (e.g. amino acids, vitamins, metabolites) is thought to be common among bacteria. However, studies often rely either on bioinformatic tools to predict auxotrophies from genome data or on experiments with low numbers of strains. Here, we combine experimental and bioinformatic approaches to assess amino acid auxotrophy levels among 315 co-isolated natural Pseudomonas strains from pond and soil habitats. Both approaches revealed that Pseudomonas isolates are predominantly prototrophs. We identified one single histidine auxotroph and five non-specific auxotrophs featuring complex growth phenotypes incompatible with single amino acid auxotrophies. While different bioinformatic pipelines vary in the extent to which auxotrophy is over- or underestimated, none of the pipelines could resolve the basis of non-specific auxotrophies. Our analysis further revealed the existence of multiple alternative biosynthesis pathways for methionine, proline, and phenylalanine, with significant enrichments of specific pathways among soil or pond strains. We conclude that combining experiments with bioinformatics is a powerful approach to assess the metabolic potential of environmental bacteria. Moreover, taxa like Pseudomonas can be predominantly prototrophic possibly owing to their generalist lifestyle, thus calling for nuanced ecological concepts predicting auxotrophy levels based on lifestyle and habitat.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Marechal, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>heiniger, b.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dash, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahrens, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuemmerli, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705048</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low levels of metabolic auxotrophy among environmental Pseudomonas isolates]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.705956v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Physically Grounded Generative Modeling of All-Atom Biomolecular Dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.705956v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Predicting the kinetic pathways of biomolecular systems at all-atom resolution is crucial for understanding protein function and drug efficacy, yet this task is hindered by the immense computational cost of conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. While deep learning has revolutionized static structure prediction and equilibrium ensemble sampling, simulating the kinetics of conformational transitions remains a critical challenge. We introduce BioKinema, a physically grounded generative model that predicts continuous-time, all-atom biomolecular trajectories at a fraction of the cost of traditional simulations. In particular, BioKinema utilizes a scalable diffusion architecture with temporal attention mechanisms derived from Langevin dynamics. It employs a hierarchical forecasting-and-interpolation strategy to overcome the error accumulation that often plagues long-horizon generation. Through extensive validation, we demonstrate that BioKinema generates physically stable and dynamically accurate trajectories suitable for rigorous downstream analysis. The model captures key conformational transitions related to protein function. For protein-ligand complex systems, it successfully elucidates mechanisms such as induced-fit conformational changes and allosteric responses. Furthermore, BioKinema leverages enhanced sampling data to predict rare kinetic events, emerging as a powerful tool for estimating ligand unbinding pathways. Collectively, these results establish BioKinema as a robust alternative to MD that bridges the gap between static structure and dynamic function, enabling high-throughput exploration of the kinetic landscape for structural biology and drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barth, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.15.705956</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Physically Grounded Generative Modeling of All-Atom Biomolecular Dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Bacterial GTPases act as successive placeholders to mediate ribosome assembly and its coupling to translation initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.15.706057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ribosome biogenesis and mRNA translation are fundamental cellular processes regulated by a diverse set of protein factors, including GTPases. In bacteria, while several GTPases are known to participate in ribosome assembly, their precise mechanisms in subunit maturation and their potential roles in translation regulation remain largely elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of native pre-50S assembly intermediates and 70S translating ribosomes, isolated via epitope-tagged GTPases from engineered Escherichia coli cells at resolutions of 2.3-4.4 [A]. These structures elucidate how three GTPases, YihA, EngA and ObgE, act as successive placeholders to mediate rRNA folding and to coordinate the correct timing of the maturation of different functional blocks within the large ribosomal subunit. Furthermore, our data identify several previously unrecognized 70S translational complexes bound by the GTPases EngA and BipA--factors traditionally regarded as assembly factors, thereby uncovering their regulatory role in bridging ribosome assembly and translation initiation. Collectively, our findings delineate a GTPase-mediated surveillance system that continuously monitors the assembly of ribosomal subunits and translation adversity, thereby safeguarding protein synthesis and maintaining proteome homeostasis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Cheng, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.15.706057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Bacterial GTPases act as successive placeholders to mediate ribosome assembly and its coupling to translation initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705784v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins across Metazoan groups. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.13.705784v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Centromeres are comprised of long stretches of repetitive DNA that evolve rapidly in organisms across the tree of life. Consistent selfish centromere evolution can also have cascading effects - driving rapid evolution in interacting kinetochore proteins - possibly to maintain centromere-kinetochore compatibility. Effects of selfishly evolving centromeres on interacting proteins are most heavily studied in the inner kinetochore and assembly proteins including the constitutive centromere-associated network proteins CENP-A and CENP-C with some exploration of the extended effects to other kinetochore-associated protein complexes. While rapid evolution of the centromere has been broadly studied in many organisms, studies assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins have largely focused on Drosophila. Here, we tested the hypothesis that signatures of positive selection would be present in outer kinetochore and condensin genes in diverse animal groups. We selected two protein complexes -the Condensin I complex and the Mis12 Complex - to test for positive selection in parasitic wasps, two groups of ray-finned fishes (including the amazon molly an asexual diploid exempt from centromere drive), and two groups of primates. We did not find selection using any test in any protein in the amazon molly but did find sporadic positive selection in proteins in both complexes across all groups.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Healey, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gomez, L. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sheikh, S. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Camel, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Forbes, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sterner, K. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Beck, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-18</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.13.705784</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Assessing positive selection in centromere-associated kinetochore proteins across Metazoan groups.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-18</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706740v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Spatial correspondences of Audiovisual Stimuli on Double Flash Illusion Perception and its Cognitive Modeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706740v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Perceptual processing integrates information from multiple sensory modalities to form a coherent representation of the environment. A classic example of such is the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI), where the perceived number of visual flashes is altered by conflicting auditory stimuli. While the SIFI is a well-established phenomenon of multisensory integration, the influence of physical spatial characteristics--specifically stimulus eccentricity and spatial congruence--on integration levels remains debated.To address this gap, this study used the SIFI paradigm to investigate the effect of visual stimulus spatial location and the spatial congruence between auditory and visual stimuli on audiovisual integration. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found that when spatial attention was controlled via cueing, unimodal visual performance remained consistent across locations. However, the susceptibility to SIFI increased progressively from the central to the peripheral visual field, exhibiting a spatial pattern of Gaussian distribution. Bayesian modeling further supported this by showing that this spatial modulation was driven by an increase in the integration weight assigned audiovisual representations in the periphery, rather than changes in sensory uncertainty alone. Conversely, Experiment 3 demonstrated that the spatial congruence of audiovisual stimuli did not affect the SIFI or alter the integration processing. These findings refine our current understanding of the spatial modulation upon audiovisual integration. By incorporating the visual systems spatial properties into a Bayesian framework, we provide a computational explanation for the eccentricity-dependent nature of multisensory integration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zheng, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706740</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Spatial correspondences of Audiovisual Stimuli on Double Flash Illusion Perception and its Cognitive Modeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706769v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Differential effects of two common GVHD prophylaxis regimens on the gut microbiome: Results from the BMT CTN 1801 study 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706769v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for many hematological malignancies, but graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication. Low gut microbiome diversity is associated with higher GVHD risk and shorter survival in multiple studies.

Recently, the BMT CTN 1703 clinical trial demonstrated superiority of a GVHD-prophylaxis regimen including post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) compared to the standard prophylaxis (tacrolimus and methotrexate, Tac/MTX) in terms of GVHD-free, relapse-free survival at one year among reduced intensity conditioning allo-HCT recipients. However, the effect of PTCy on the gut microbiome and its association with clinical outcome have not been described. Here, we report on a companion randomized clinical controlled trial (BMT CTN 1801), which collected 2575 longitudinal stool samples from 304 study participants. Samples were obtained up to weekly up to day 84 post allo-HCT and at less frequent intervals thereafter, up to 2 years.

Microbiome diversity and absolute microbial load were lower in the PTCy group compared to the Tac/MTX group on days 14-28 post-HCT. However, diversity at the timepoint closest to neutrophil engraftment was not significantly associated with non-relapse mortality after one year or other clinical outcomes, contrary to expectations from previous studies. Microbial domination events, when a single species exceeds 30% relative abundance, were comparable across treatment arms and reflected both pathogen blooms as well as less severe disruptions of the microbial community. Clostridium scindens and secondary bile acid metabolism pathways were less prevalent in the PTCy arm than in the Tac/MTX arm post-HCT, yet presence of secondary bile acid metabolism pathways was associated with a lower risk of chronic GVHD.

Given that PTCy was associated with a greater disruption of the microbiome as measured by diversity, absolute microbial abundance, and bile acid metabolism capability, but better clinical outcomes overall, these data suggest that the importance of the microbiome in modulating the host immune systems after allo-HCT is specific to different types of GVHD prophylaxis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wirbel, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Saber, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Martens, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peled, J. U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Andermann, T. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fei, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brooks, E. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Doyle, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pincus, N. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jenq, R. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bolanos-Meade, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bratrude, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chhabra, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Das, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Elmariah, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gooptu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Holtan, S. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jones, R. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Levine, J. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Logan, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Malki, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Murthy, H. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rashidi, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rezvani, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Riches, M. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Runaas, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sandhu, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spahn, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sung, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>van den Brink, M. R. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Horowitz, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hamadani, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kean, L. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perales, M.-A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bhatt, A. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706769</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Differential effects of two common GVHD prophylaxis regimens on the gut microbiome: Results from the BMT CTN 1801 study]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706908v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Chemical activation of mitophagy via the N-degron pathway alleviates mitochondrial neuropathies 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.19.706908v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pharmacological activation of mitophagy offers a promising strategy to eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria that drive neurodegenerative and ischemic pathologies; however, the clinical translation of mitophagy inducers remains challenging. Here, we developed ATB1071, an orally bioavailable chemical N-degron that activates p62-mediated mitophagy through both Parkin-independent pathways involving NIPSNAP1 and NIPSNAP2, and a Parkin-dependent pathway involving the substrate EBP1/PA2G4. In Ndufs4-/- mice, a Leigh syndrome (LS) model, ATB1071 induced mitophagy in the brain and exerted therapeutic benefits by reducing neuroinflammation, improving neuromuscular coordination, and extending lifespan. In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model mice, ATB1071 markedly reduced infarct volume and neuronal death, and ameliorated multiple behavioral deficits through EBP1-dependent mitophagy. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicological evaluation identify ATB1071 as a promising preclinical therapeutic candidate for alleviating mitochondria-associated neurological injury.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kwon, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, B.-S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, D. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, G. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jung, E. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Son, Y. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D.-h.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Park, D. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cho, E. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Heo, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Suh, Y. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jang, W.-D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, C. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, J.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kwon, Y. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706908</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Chemical activation of mitophagy via the N-degron pathway alleviates mitochondrial neuropathies]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707218v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
rRNA Expansion Segments Mediate Ribosome Dimerization as a Conserved Stress Response 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.21.707218v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inhibition of mRNA translation is a common feature in proteostatic stress cellular responses. Puromycin, a widely used compound for studying translation, disrupts protein synthesis by mimicking the 3 end of aminoacyl-tRNAs. Despite its extensive use as a research tool to probe the connection between translation activity and various physiological and pathological states, the cellular response associated with puromycin-induced translation stress remains incompletely understood. Utilizing in situ cellular electron tomography and topology analysis, we visualized the translation machinery at high resolution. Our analysis revealed that puromycin-treated neuronal cells exhibit an accumulation of "idle ribosomes" characterized by the binding of eIF5A, indicating a close association of this factor with translationally inactive ribosome states under stress. Additionally, the idle ribosomes formed dimeric complexes mediated by ribosomal RNA expansion segments, suggesting an evolved mechanism involving these regions in translation hibernating and protecting idle ribosomes. We show that the hibernating disome formation is not unique to puromycin administration but represents a conserved mechanism as a response to different cellular stressors including those associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and amino acid depletion. Altogether, our findings shed light on previously unexplored aspects regarding unique states of mammalian ribosome hibernation, and collectively offers new avenues for understanding the correlation of cellular stress response and the regulation of protein synthesis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Taylor, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hatzoglou, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-22</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.21.707218</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[rRNA Expansion Segments Mediate Ribosome Dimerization as a Conserved Stress Response]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-22</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.22.706993v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hepatocyte Estrogen Receptor α Mediates Estrogen-induced Augmentation of Hepatic 1 Mitochondrial Respiration Following Ovariectomy. 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.22.706993v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Whole-body estrogen receptor  (ER) knockout mice develop hepatic steatosis; however, liver-specific ER knockout (LERKO) mice fail to recapitulate this susceptibility and maintain normal hepatic mitochondrial function. However, estrogen-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis is lost in LERKO mice following ovariectomy (OVX). Here, we tested whether loss of hepatic ER blunts estrogen modulation of hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial proteome following ovariectomy (OVX). Sham or ovariectomy (OVX) surgery was performed in middle-aged female mice (36-40 weeks), followed by AAV injection to generate Control (Con; GFP) or LERKO mice (Cre). All mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks following surgery. Half of the OVX mice received 17-beta estradiol (E2) replacement (OVX+E2) for the last 4 weeks of HFD. OVX mice had greater body mass and adiposity, which was reversed by E2 replacement in both Con and LERKO mice. While E2 replacement reduced steatosis in both Con and LERKO OVX mice, the LERKO OVX mice maintained greater hepatic triglyceride content. E2 replacement promoted greater basal and ADP-stimulated (State 3) mitochondrial respiration in Con OVX but not in LERKO OVX mice under palmitate-supported conditions. Changes in mitochondrial respiration could not be attributed to altered responses to changes in energy demand (GATP) or to alterations in mitochondrial H2O2 production.

Conversely, maximal coupled branched-chain amino acid-supported respiration was universally suppressed by E2 replacement. Proteomics analysis revealed E2-mediated reductions in hepatic mitochondrial energy transduction, with relatively minimal differences between Con and LERKO mice. In conclusion, post-ovariectomy estrogen treatment reduces steatosis in the absence of hepatic ER; however, triglyceride levels remain higher, and mitochondrial respiratory deficits persist despite similar proteomic signatures, suggesting that ER signaling is required for optimal estrogen hepatic responsiveness.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salathe, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McCoin, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.22.706993</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hepatocyte Estrogen Receptor α Mediates Estrogen-induced Augmentation of Hepatic 1 Mitochondrial Respiration Following Ovariectomy.]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707655v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
UBE3C retrofits the proteasome to enforce degradation of ultra-stable folds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.24.707655v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neurodegeneration and proteinopathies arise from mutated or misfolded proteins that form ultra-stable, proteotoxic aggregates that evade proteasomal degradation despite ubiquitylation1-8. These conditions are exacerbated by the deubiquitylase USP14 that can prematurely rescue substrates9-11. To counter these obstacles to effective proteolysis, eukaryotes evolved the highly conserved HECT-type E3 ligase UBE3C--dysregulated in neurodegeneration12,13 and overexpressed in cancers14-17--to reprogram the 26S proteasome toward heightened activity via unknown mechanisms18-25. Here we visualized functional dynamics of the human UBE3C-retrofitted proteasome enforcing degradation of a re-engineered superfolder GFP that normally escapes proteolysis, using time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy. A continuum of non-equilibrium conformations, comprising fourteen proteasome conformers orthogonally combined with four UBE3C states or three USP14 states, reveals a cryptic UBE3C-receptor site in the proteasomal lid and captures key intermediates of ubiquitin-chain elongation and branching at four linkage-specific ubiquitin-binding sites. Remarkably, UBE3C creates an extreme shortcut for ubiquitin shuttling that bypasses USP14, promotes USP14 recycling and allosterically strengthens substrate-unfolding forces of the AAA-ATPase unfoldase to ultimately surmount the unfolding energy barrier of ultra-stable proteins. These findings define the complete functional cycle of the UBE3C-reprogrammed proteasome, illuminating how UBE3C simultaneously controls USP14 and the proteasome to enforce clearance of ultra-stable folds, and establish crucial mechanistic foundations for proteolysis-targeting therapeutic discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zou, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.24.707655</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[UBE3C retrofits the proteasome to enforce degradation of ultra-stable folds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707592v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
HuR inhibition attenuates hypertension and fibrosis in chronic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707592v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundElevated RNA-binding protein HuR has been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its specific pathogenic role remains unclear. Here, we investigated HuR involvement in progressive CKD induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) plus angiotensin II (Ang II) in mice and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of the HuR inhibitor KH3.

MethodsAdult male mice underwent uninephrectomy and were subjected to DOCA + Ang II infusion with 1% NaCl in drinking water. Mice were then treated with KH3 or vehicle for 3 weeks. Control mice received saline injections without DOCA and Ang II infusion.

ResultsDOCA + Ang II infusion markedly increased HuR expression in circulating exosomes and kidney tissues, which was attenuated by KH3. KH3 halted the progression of albuminuria and improved renal function, and reduced kidney hypertrophy and glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis compared with untreated DOCA + Ang II mice. These improvements were associated with reduced podocyte and tubular injury. KH3 also decreased renal macrophage infiltration and suppressed NF-{kappa}Bp65, Nox2, AKT phosphorylation, TGF-{beta}1, and Wisp1, consistent with reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. In addition, KH3 partially lowered arterial blood pressure in DOCA + Ang II-infused mice, an effect that may involve suppression of SGLT2-associated profibrotic vascular responses, as supported by studies in cultured VSMCs and mesenteric resistance arteries.

ConclusionsHuR is upregulated in DOCA + Ang II-induced renal and vascular injury and contributes to hypertensive, inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotic responses in CKD. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR-RNA interactions represents a promising therapeutic strategy for CKD.

NOVELTY AND RELEVANCEO_ST_ABSWhat Is New?C_ST_ABSThis study identifies the RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) as a previously unrecognized upstream post-transcriptional regulator of blood pressure in hypertensive chronic kidney disease. We demonstrate for the first time that pharmacologic disruption of HuR-RNA interactions lowers arterial blood pressure in vivo. In addition, we uncover a novel HuR-SGLT2-vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) signaling axis, revealing that HuR regulates inducible vascular SGLT2 expression and Ang II-mediated vasoconstrictive responses.

What Is Relevant?Hypertension in CKD arises from integrated renal and vascular dysfunction that is incompletely controlled by current therapies. Our findings are highly relevant because we identify HuR as a nodal post-transcriptional regulator that coordinates renal injury, vascular inflammation, and smooth muscle contractility, rather than acting within a single cell type or signaling pathway.

Clinical and Pathophysiological ImplicationThese data support a model in which HuR-driven RNA regulatory programs amplify Ang II-dependent vascular hypercontractility and hypertension in CKD. Therapeutic targeting of HuR-RNA interactions represents a novel antihypertensive strategy that may complement renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade and provides mechanistic insight into the blood pressure-lowering and vascular protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, including in non-diabetic CKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhuang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mookherjee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Symons, J. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aube, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707592</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[HuR inhibition attenuates hypertension and fibrosis in chronic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707433v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
SpaMOAL: A spatial multi-omics graph contrastive learning method for spatial domains identification 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.23.707433v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Recent advances in spatial multi-omics technologies have opened new avenues for characterizing tissue architecture and function in situ, by simultaneously providing multimodal and complementary information--such as spatially resolved transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic features. Current computational approaches face substantial challenges such as effective integration of multi-omics molecular information with spatial information and corresponding high-resolution histology images. To address this challenge, we proposed SpaMOAL (Spatially Multi-Omics graph contrAstive Learning), a graph-based contrastive learning approach for spatial domain identification. SpaMOAL learns clustering-friendly representations from spatial multi-omics data by integrating spatial coordinates, histological image features and molecular profiles, enabling accurate delineation of spatial tissue domains. Benchmarking across multiple recent paired spatial multi-omics datasets demonstrated that SpaMOAL consistently outperforms existing methods. By enabling accurate spatial domain delineation, SpaMOAL provides a powerful framework for interpreting tissue organization and cellular microenvironments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huo, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.23.707433</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[SpaMOAL: A spatial multi-omics graph contrastive learning method for spatial domains identification]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707603v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mitosis poses a daunting challenge to transgenerational inheritance of cell identity memory. How neuronal lineage identity is faithfully transmitted across mitosis remains largely unexplored. Here we report that, in mouse hippocampus, the transcription factor Prox1 acts as a mitotic bookmark for safeguarding neuronal lineage identity across cell divisions. Prox1 exhibits mitotic retention in dentate gyrus (DG) neural stem cells and defines DG lineage identity by suppressing the alternative cornu ammonis (CA) identity. Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 at key bivalent CA identity genes promotes timely and precise restoration of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 deposition to avoid ectopic expression of CA identity genes and lineage identity crisis. Remarkably, specific mitotic retention-deficient Prox1 conditional knock-in mice produce severe DG developmental defects. Thus, mitotic bookmarking imprints neuronal lineage identity in mouse hippocampus, which is likely to represent a fundamental principle underlying the preservation of lineage identity memory in mammalian brain development.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wong, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Luo, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Long, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707603</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Mitotic bookmarking by Prox1 preserves mammalian neuronal lineage identity memory via promoting timely H3K27me3 restoration]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707891v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Molecular Thermodynamics of KRAS Activation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.707891v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The GTPase KRAS executes a conformational switch between a GTP-bound active state and a GDP-bound inactive state, a process central to oncogenic signalling. However, the structural basis of this switching at the level of residue-contact organization remains incompletely characterized by traditional binary structural models. Here, we present a statistical-mechanical generalization of the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) by constructing spanning-tree partition functions for residue-contact graphs using the weighted Kirchhoff Laplacian in conjunction with the Matrix-Tree Theorem.

Within this framework, the standard GNM is recovered in the high-temperature limit, whereas the present formulation enables a continuous Boltzmann-weighted ensemble analysis. We compute the network free energy F, mean contact energy[E] , heat capacity Cv, and thermodynamic entropy S across an effective temperature sweep that maps the combinatorial diversity of the contact network, thereby probing the topological landscape rather than structural melting.

Differential analysis reveals that KRAS activation reflects a systematic entropy-enthalpy compensation mechanism: the active state incurs a systematic energetic penalty ({Delta}[E] > 0) that is offset by a marked gain in conformational entropy ({Delta}S > 0), with a free-energy crossover occurring at kT {approx} 2.41 [A]. Edge marginal inclusion probabilities, obtained via effective-resistance theory, identify Switch I (residues 25-40) as the primary allosteric locus of nucleotide-driven network reorganization.

This approach provides a thermodynamically grounded perspective on KRAS allostery, quantitatively demonstrating how network architecture enables functional versatility through entropy-driven conformational flexibility.

Entropy-driven KRAS activation revealed by spanning-tree thermodynamicsSpanning-tree partition functions built from weighted residue-contact graphs show that KRAS activation involves entropy-enthalpy compensation. The GDP-bound network (left) is dominated by a small number of low-energy spanning trees, whereas the GTP-bound network (right) accesses a larger ensemble with greater topological diversity. The active state pays an energetic cost ({Delta}[E] > 0) offset by a conformational entropy gain ({Delta}S > 0), with Switch I (residues 25-40, dashed box) emerging as the primary site of nucleotide-driven network reorganisation.



O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=118 SRC="FIGDIR/small/707891v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ciftci, F. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Erman, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-26</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.707891</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Molecular Thermodynamics of KRAS Activation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-26</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708044v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Neuronal ketone body utilization couples exercise and time-restricted feeding to cognitive enhancement 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708044v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Ketogenesis and ketone body metabolism are linked to brain health benefits, including delaying age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Exercise, particularly when combined with an overnight fast, stimulates ketogenesis and ketone body turnover as well as improves brain metabolism and cognition. Yet, whether ketone metabolism is obligatory for this response is unknown. Here, we use chronic exercise via voluntary wheel running plus time-restricted feeding (VWR+TRF, fasting from ZT10.5-18.5) to explore whether ketone bodies are a potential mediator of exercise-induced brain health benefits in middle-aged mice. To independently distinguish the roles of neuronal ketone body metabolism vs. hepatic ketone body production, we studied middle-age female neuronal-specific SCOT knockout mice and female hepatocyte-specific HMGCS2 knockout mice, respectively. VWR+TRF was compared to sedentary ad-libitum fed (SED+AL) mice to assess the impact on whole-body metabolism (indirect calorimetry), cognition (Barnes Maze and Y-Maze), and molecular adaptations in the hippocampus (proteomics). VWR+TRF robustly upregulated systemic lipid oxidation in all mice, regardless of genotype, during the first 6.5 hours of the dark period. In female SCOT-Neuron-KO mice, we show impaired responses to VWR+TRF in indices of short- and long-term memory. Proteomic analysis of isolated hippocampi revealed that SCOT-Neuron-KO mice failed to globally upregulate key facilitators of synaptic function, including leucine-rich repeated transmembrane proteins, neurexins, and neuroligins. In female HMGCS2-Liver-KO mice, impaired responses to VWR+TRF in indices of short-term memory were paired with an upregulation in ketogenesis machinery in the hippocampal proteome, suggesting potential in vivo evidence of cerebral ketogenesis, a mechanism mitigating an otherwise more pronounced behavioral phenotype. Together, these findings suggest that neuronal ketone body utilization is essential, and hepatic ketone production is contributory, to the full cognitive and synaptic adaptations to exercise plus time-restricted feeding, supporting ketone metabolism as a key mechanistic link between metabolic state and brain health in midlife.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Salathe, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kugler, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Franczak, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Davis, X. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boakye, F. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Allen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fulghum, K. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Queathem, E. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Morris, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Puchalska, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Crawford, P. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thyfault, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.708044</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Neuronal ketone body utilization couples exercise and time-restricted feeding to cognitive enhancement]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708059v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The not-so-great speciator: Systematics and species limits in a rapid radiation, the Asiatic white-eye complex (Zosterops spp.) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.25.708059v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Abstract/SummaryHere we untangle the systematics of the Asiatic white-eye complex (Zosterops spp.) to better understand the early stages of a recent island radiation. We adopt an integrative approach involving allelic data, genome-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and museum-based morphometrics coupled with a comprehensive sampling to provide the most holistic understanding of the group to date. The island lineages of Asiatic white-eyes across Indonesia, the Philippines, East Asia, the adjacent oceanic islands of the Western Pacific underwent a deep split separating Zosterops everetti and Z. nigrorum in the Phillippines from a very rapid radiation including Z. japonicus, Z. meyeni, and Z. montanus in the Philippines, Japan, and Indonesia. Z. nigrorum catarmanensis on Camiguin South in the Philippines was found to be nested within Z. montanus and a species limit between Z. nigrorum populations on Panay and Luzon was strongly supported. Phylogenetic splits and population structure were detected within the clade containing Z. japonicus, Z. meyeni, and Z. montanus. A well-supported split separates a northern group including Northern Philippines Z. montanus subspecies, Z. meyeni, and Z. japonicus from the southerly Z. montanus taxa. This creates a paraphyletic Z. montanus. However, based on speciation rates within the broader Asiatic white-eye clade this break likely does not yet represent evolutionarily independent species lineages. Morphological evolution is taking place within the Asiatic white-eyes especially within the robust, large-billed subspecies of Z. japonicus on the oceanic islands of Japan and in the newly identified yellow-morph of Z. montanus on Camiguin South.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mays, H. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>McKay, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nishiumi, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boyd, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>DeRaad, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kawakami, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kubatko, L. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moyle, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-02-27</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.708059</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The not-so-great speciator: Systematics and species limits in a rapid radiation, the Asiatic white-eye complex (Zosterops spp.)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-02-27</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.702183v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multi-Omic, Multi-Tissue Responses to Acute Exercise in Sedentary Adults: Findings from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.02.27.702183v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Regular physical activity represents one of the greatest mechanisms for maintaining human health, yet the underlying molecular transducers of these benefits remain incompletely understood. Multi-omic assays now provide new opportunities to study the coordinated molecular responses of body tissues to different exercise modalities. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established to address this need by creating a molecular map of the response to physical activity. Described here is the first human cohort of MoTrPAC: sedentary adults enrolled prior to study suspension during the COVID-19 pandemic (N=175) randomized to either endurance or resistance exercise, or non-exercise control. From these participants, we detail their global acute molecular response in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and blood, integrated at multiple levels: tissue, exercise modality, timepoint, and omic category. These analyses characterize key molecular pathways, identify central regulators, and implicate novel candidate exerkines in mediating multi-organ exercise effects.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>MoTrPAC Study Group,</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katz, D. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jin, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Many, G. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, G. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Keshishian, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Clark, N. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iyer, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahn, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lindholm, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sagendorf, T. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Amar, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barber, J. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brandt, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Coen, P. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ge, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hart, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, F.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jaeger, B. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jimenez-Morales, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Leach, D. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mani, D. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montalvo, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pincas, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rao, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sanford, J. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Smith, K. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vetr, N. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Adkins, J. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashley, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carr, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miller, M. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montgomery, S. B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Robbins, J. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snyder, M. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sparks, L. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tracy, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Walsh, M. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wheeler, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sealfon, S. C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gerszten, R</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.02.27.702183</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multi-Omic, Multi-Tissue Responses to Acute Exercise in Sedentary Adults: Findings from the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708836v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The orbitofrontal cortex constructs allocentric schemas by integrating dynamic mobile agents with static environmental anchors 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708836v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Scene construction involves the automatic synthesis of fragmented visual inputs into coherent mental models. While previous work has focused on static landscapes, real-world scenes require integrating dynamic agents with stable environmental anchors. We investigated the neural hierarchy underlying this transformation using an automatic space-encoding task in a 3D virtual-reality environment and fMRI representational similarity analysis. Results revealed functional segregation across visual cortex: the superior lateral occipital cortex encoded the first-person perspective of mobile character layouts, whereas the lingual gyrus and occipital fusiform cortex represented environments specified by visible landmarks. The orbitofrontal cortex integrated these streams into an allocentric spatial schema, capturing relational geometry beyond the current visual field. Following encoding, these representations were expressed in the anterior hippocampus for self-localization. Together, the findings demonstrate an automatic hierarchical transformation in which the OFC serves as a central scaffold for constructing allocentric spatial frameworks underlying stable scene representation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Naya, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.01.708836</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The orbitofrontal cortex constructs allocentric schemas by integrating dynamic mobile agents with static environmental anchors]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708904v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Behavioral hierarchy without a hierarchical brain 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.01.708904v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Behavior is inherently hierarchical. The prevailing view holds that hierarchical behavior arises from the brains hierarchical organization. However, this view is primarily derived from experiments in highly controlled laboratory settings, and it remains unknown whether the same principles apply during natural, freely moving behavior. Here, we show that, under naturalistic and freely moving conditions, hierarchical mouse behavior can emerge from localized cortical dynamics alone, independent of anatomical or functional brain hierarchies. We first established a naturalistic neuroethological platform that enables quantitative characterization of hierarchical behavior alongside its corresponding neural activity. Using this platform, we find that localized cortical dynamics encode multiple levels of behavioral hierarchy. Specifically, low-dimensional neural dynamics encode high-level behavioral composites, whereas higher-dimensional neural dynamics encode low-level behavioral kinematics. Finally, by selectively perturbing high-dimensional components of cortical dynamics using optogenetics, we observe a selective reduction in low-level kinematic behaviors, providing causal evidence for this relationship. Together, these findings challenge a central assumption in systems neuroscience by demonstrating that hierarchical behavior does not require a hierarchically organized brain. Instead, hierarchy emerges from the dimensional organization of localized cortical dynamics, revealing a previously unrecognized principle by which complex behavior can arise from relatively simple neural substrates. This dynamic principle offers a unifying framework for understanding how biological systems achieve behavioral flexibility under natural conditions and suggests new directions for artificial intelligence that rely on adaptive local dynamics rather than increasingly deep architectures.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.01.708904</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Behavioral hierarchy without a hierarchical brain]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709310v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Hierarchical Anchoring Gating Dictates Specific H4K16 Acetylation by the Human MSL Complex 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709310v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone acetylation is a versatile post-translational modification essential for diverse biological processes. While nearly all histone acetyltransferases (HATs) act promiscuously on multiple lysine residues, the human male-specific lethal (MSL) acetyltransferase complex mediates strictly site-specific acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac), with its underlying mechanism remaining enigmatic. Here, we leveraged chemical protein synthesis to engineer a semisynthetic nucleosome probe that traps the MSL complex in a catalytically engaged state and determined its 3.12 [A] cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure, which reveals a hierarchical anchoring-gating mechanism responsible for stringent H4K16 selectivity. The MSL complex adopts a dual-anchoring mode to bind nucleosomal DNA at superhelix location (SHL) 1.5 and the H2A-H2B acidic patch. Three spatially coordinated gating elements (the MSL1 anchor helix, KAT8 gating helix, and KAT8 gating hairpin) then conformationally constrain the H4 N-terminal tail, funneling H4K16 side chain exclusively into the active site while sterically occluding flanking lysines. Targeted mutations disrupting these interfaces impair H4K16ac in vitro and in cells, with concomitant defects in chromatin accessibility and transcription. Beyond the monomeric 1:1 complex, cryo-EM analysis identifies a 2:2 MSL-nucleosome assembly, wherein MSL3 dimerization mediates inter-nucleosomal contacts linked to genome-wide H4K16ac patterning. Collectively, our work delineates a residue-to-domain framework in which a chromatin acetylation writer hardwires specific catalysis into nucleosome engagement and scales this precision to higher-order chromatin architecture, providing a mechanistic foothold for understanding aberrant MSL-encoded chromatin programs in diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shi, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-04</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.709310</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Hierarchical Anchoring Gating Dictates Specific H4K16 Acetylation by the Human MSL Complex]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-04</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.708783v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Genome-wide maps of transcription factor footprints identify noncoding variants rewiring gene regulatory networks with varTFBridge 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.708783v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Genome-wide association studies have identified millions of noncoding loci linked to human traits, yet how these variants alter gene regulation remains a major challenge, particularly for rare variants where whole-genome sequencing cohorts and high-resolution functional annotations remain limited. Here we show that single-molecule deaminase footprinting (FOODIE) in K562 cells captures up to 103-fold heritability enrichment for erythroid traits despite covering 0.12% of the genome. We introduce varTFBridge, integrating FOODIE footprinting with AlphaGenome variant effect prediction to identify causal noncoding variants altering transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulation. Applied to 490,640 UK Biobank genomes across 13 erythrocyte traits, varTFBridge prioritises 113 high-confidence regulatory variants (104 common, 9 rare), encompassing 2,173 linkages along the variant-TF binding- gene-trait cascade across 64 TFs and 108 genes. varTFBridge recapitulates rs112233623 and resolves its mechanism: GATA1/TAL1 co-binding disruption at a CCND3 enhancer altering red blood cell count and volume.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dong, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jing, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, X. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.03.708783</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Genome-wide maps of transcription factor footprints identify noncoding variants rewiring gene regulatory networks with varTFBridge]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709515v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Optimal spatial release strategies for confined gene drives and Wolbachia 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709515v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drives are genetic elements that can rapidly spread through populations, offering potential solutions for controlling disease vectors and pests. In some scenarios, it is necessary to utilize drives that can be confined to only target populations. The success of these threshold-dependent gene drives, which require a minimum local frequency to establish, depends critically on the spatial strategy used for introduction. Here, we use a reaction-diffusion model to systematically identify optimal release patterns that maximize the per-capita efficiency for four distinct gene drive designs as well as use of Wolbachia bacteria, which spread similarly to frequency-dependent gene drives. We find that the most efficient release strategy is highly dynamic, transitioning from a broad "everywhere" release for short timeframes to a "multiple-ring" pattern for intermediate times, and finally to a focused "center" release for longer timeframes. These timeframes depend on the specific type of drive, with more powerful variants transitioning more quickly to center releases. Our results demonstrate that these optimized, variable release strategies can be substantially more effective than simple uniform releases. This study provides a quantitative framework for designing effective gene drive implementations, highlighting that a carefully planned spatial strategy is essential for maximizing impact, making optimal use of available resources.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709515</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Optimal spatial release strategies for confined gene drives and Wolbachia]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709581v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Modular Scaffold Crystals for Programmable Installation and Structural Observation of DNA-Binding Proteins 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709581v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Inducing biomacromolecules to self-assemble into diffraction-quality crystals remains a major challenge, typically overcome by brute-force experimental screening. Inspired by Seemans vision of DNA-junction-based scaffolds organizing guest biomacromolecules, we developed a protein-DNA co-crystal combining modular DNA programmability with robust protein-lattice diffraction. Our engineered co-crystals are composed of stacked double-stranded DNA scaffolded by protein columns, surrounding solvent channels designed to enable guest protein diffusion. DNA  strut variation allows positionally-controlled installation of diverse DNA binding guest proteins. Experimentally, we simply grow scaffold crystals under standardized conditions, ligate the scaffold, and soak guest proteins. Decoupling crystal growth from guest installation will enable high-throughput structure determination of diverse DNA-binding proteins and protein-macromolecule conjugates. Sub-nanometer position and orientation control of guest macromolecules will also enable functional applications beyond structural biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Shields, E. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slaughter, C. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mekkaoui, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magna, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shepherd, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>LUKEMAN, P. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Spratt, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Snow, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709581</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Modular Scaffold Crystals for Programmable Installation and Structural Observation of DNA-Binding Proteins]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709628v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A chromosome-level reference genome for the colonial marine hydrozoan Podocoryna americana 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.04.709628v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cnidarians are important models for the studying the evolution of animal development, regeneration, cell type differentiation, and allorecognition. The marine hydrozoan Podocoryna americana is related to the well-established model species Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Although both species possess a sessile polyp stage, P. americana differs in that it also has a free-swimming medusa (jellyfish) stage in its life cycle. We used a combination of PacBio CLR long-read and Illumina Hi-C short-read genome sequencing to produce a chromosome-level genome assembly for P. americana. The final assembly is 327 Mbp in total length with 17 chromosome-scale scaffolds representing 98% of the assembly. Comprehensive functional annotation with BRAKER3 generated a total of 19,085 predicted protein-coding genes in this assembly, covering 91.2% of the metazoan BUCSO gene set. Comparison of the P. americana genome to other chromosome-level cnidarian genome assemblies revealed a high degree of macrosynteny conservation, and ortholog identification and gene family evolution analysis identified 522 expanded and 1,026 contracted gene families in P. americana. This high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of P. americana will be an invaluable resource for researchers studying the evolution of development, regeneration, and allorecognition in cnidarians and other metazoans.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chang, E. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Connelly, M. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Travert, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Barreira, S. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rivera, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Katzer, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cartwright, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Baxevanis, A. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.04.709628</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A chromosome-level reference genome for the colonial marine hydrozoan Podocoryna americana]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709973v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PROTOTYPE-BASED CONTINUAL LEARNING FOR SINGLE-CELL ANNOTATION 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709973v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWLarge-scale single-cell atlases have become indispensable resources for cell-type annotation and biological discovery. However, most existing annotation frameworks rely on static reference data and require re-accessing or retraining on previous datasets as new data emerge, which poses challenges for scalability, data sharing, and knowledge continuity. These methods are further constrained by catastrophic forgetting and batch-specific biases, limiting their ability to integrate knowledge across platforms, tissues, and modalities. Here we introduce scEvolver, a continual learning framework for single-cell annotation. scEvolver refines cell-type representations as class prototypes through memory-guided continual learning, incrementally accumulating knowledge without revisiting historical data. These online prototypes preserve intrinsic and consistent cell-type semantics across datasets while capturing informative within-class heterogeneity. Systematic evaluations demonstrate that scEvolver outperforms other methods in annotation accuracy, while requiring substantially fewer labeled reference samples for external query mapping. The framework maintains strong stability and generalization across diverse real-world scenarios spanning multiple platforms, tissues, and modalities. The application of scEvolver to inflammatory gut disease data reveals metaplastic transitions of epithelial cells, highlighting its potential to uncover context-specific cellular dynamics in complex disease settings.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ge, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>He, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ren, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709973</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PROTOTYPE-BASED CONTINUAL LEARNING FOR SINGLE-CELL ANNOTATION]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709752v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Linear morphometrics fail to support strong sexual dimorphism in Uintatherium anceps 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.05.709752v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Uintatheres, mammals belonging to the extinct order Dinocerata, are among the most recognizable of all Paleogene ([~]66 - 23 Ma) organisms. Unmistakable for their bizarre skulls with multiple pairs of horns and saber-like upper canines, uintatheres have captivated paleontologists since the late nineteenth century. Since their initial discovery, uintatheres have been regarded as a classic example of dramatic sexual dimorphism in the fossil record, with males purported to be larger and possess more prominent horns and canines than females. However, the hypothesis that uintatheres were highly sexually dimorphic has never been formally tested. Here, I use traditional, linear morphometrics on a collection including most known skulls of Uintatherium anceps to quantify patterns of cranial variation within this taxon. Despite using a variety of traditional and novel statistical methods, I fail to detect any evidence of strong sexual dimorphism in Uintatherium. To verify my approach, I assembled a similarly sized dataset from Bison bison as an extant analog, and found strong, consistent evidence of sexual dimorphism. In light of these findings, as well as the current understanding of uintathere systematics and paleoecology, I argue that strong sexual dimorphism should not be treated as the null hypothesis for this clade.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Mulcahy, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.05.709752</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Linear morphometrics fail to support strong sexual dimorphism in Uintatherium anceps]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710005v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Fluorescence anisotropy structured illumination microscopy for quantitative super-resolved mapping of cell microenvironment and cytoskeletal dynamics 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.06.710005v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The crowded intracellular milieu shapes organelle architecture and dynamics, yet nanoscale heterogeneity in its physicochemical properties remains difficult to visualize with conventional fluorescence anisotropy (FA) imaging. Here, we develop fluorescence anisotropy structured illumination microscopy (FA-SIM), which employs orthogonal-polarization structured illumination with dual-angle detection to achieve [~]100-nm resolution and quantitative FA retrieval with 0.56% relative error, representing over 20-fold higher accuracy than conventional FA imaging. With low phototoxicity, FA-SIM enables dual-color, hour-long quantitative super-resolution imaging in cells. Using viscosity standards, defined nanoparticles and small-molecule drug binding assays, we validate FA-SIM as a quantitative reporter of rotational mobility and molecular interactions. In cells, FA-SIM resolves nanoscale crowding heterogeneity, correlates anisotropy landscapes with condensate dynamics, and uncovers a radial crowding gradient across the microtubule network and mitotic spindle. Long-term dual-color imaging further resolves coordinated actin-microtubule remodeling and associated microenvironmental changes. By enabling quantitative, super-resolved mapping of intracellular physical properties in living systems, FA-SIM provides a powerful platform for investigating the physical regulation of cellular organization and dynamics in health and disease.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Gao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiao, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xin, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xi, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-09</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.06.710005</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Fluorescence anisotropy structured illumination microscopy for quantitative super-resolved mapping of cell microenvironment and cytoskeletal dynamics]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-09</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.07.710327v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Counting strands in outer membrane beta-barrels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.07.710327v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Beta-barrel structures are critical components of bacterial outer membranes, where they facilitate transport, cell signaling, antibiotic resistance, and structural integrity. A key feature of beta-barrels is their strand count, which influences pore diameter, binding site locations, and functional properties. However, because of breaks in strands and the presence of strands in periplasmic domains and plug domains, manual counting is inefficient and current algorithms do not accurately determine barrel strand count. To address this, we refined our previous beta-barrel structural assessment tool, PolarBearal, to improve strand number identification in large-scale datasets. To enhance the accuracy of barrel strand number labeling, our updated algorithm integrates three structural criteria, namely inter-residue vector angles, hydrogen-bonding distances, and strand connectivity. Using this algorithm, we labeled strand numbers for 571,760 predicted outer membrane beta-barrel structures obtained from the AlphaFold2 database. Our algorithm has 97% accuracy in strand number assignments, and the resulting dataset facilitates assessment of the homogeneity of strand counts for different types of outer membrane proteins. The strand labeling also provides insights on beta-barrel strand distribution and evolutionary patterns, supporting further research in protein structure prediction and design.

SignificanceThis work contributes an accurate, automated method for counting beta-barrel strands in bacterial outer membrane proteins.

Methodological ImpactThe algorithm achieves 97% accuracy in strand counting, solving a technical problem that has hindered large-scale structural analysis. Previous manual methods were inefficient, and existing algorithms failed to handle the structural complexities of real beta-barrel proteins, including strand breaks and additional domains.

Scale of ContributionBy annotating over 571,000 predicted structures from the AlphaFold2 database, this work represents the largest systematic characterization of beta-barrel strand distributions to date. This labeled dataset provides a resource for the structural biology community.

Broader ApplicationsThis tool enables researchers understand structure-function relationships in outer membrane proteins, supporting advances in protein design, drug development targeting bacterial membranes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lim, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nimmagadda, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Khamis, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Montezano, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feehan, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Copeland, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Slusky, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-10</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.07.710327</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Counting strands in outer membrane beta-barrels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-10</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710748v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Benchmarking zero-shot single-cell foundation model embeddings for cellular dynamics reconstruction 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.10.710748v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Reconstructing cellular trajectories from time-resolved single-cell transcriptomics is fundamental to understanding processes from embryonic development to cancer progression. While single-cell foundation models (scFMs) promise universal biological representations through large-scale pretraining, their capacity to capture the non-linear dynamics governing cell-fate decisions remains uncharacterized. Here we systematically benchmark multiple scFMs across challenging biomedical scenarios involving branching lineages and continuous state transitions. By coupling zero-shot scFM embeddings with dynamic optimal transport, we evaluated their performance against a traditional highly variable gene (HVG) baseline in backtracking progenitor states, interpolating transition intermediates, and extrapolating future fates. We find that zero-shot scFM embeddings underperform the HVG baseline across diverse biological systems, particularly in recovering the distributional complexity of unobserved cells. Mechanistic analysis reveals that current scFM architectures tend to over-compress subtle temporal signals, causing an artificial "linearization" of branched biological structures that may obscure critical divergence points in disease progression. Our findings suggest that while scFMs provide unified cell-state views, the HVG baseline remains more robust for trajectory inference, identifying a fundamental "temporal-compression" bottleneck that must be addressed to develop next-generation, dynamics-aware foundation models.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhou, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ling, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tian, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-12</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.10.710748</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Benchmarking zero-shot single-cell foundation model embeddings for cellular dynamics reconstruction]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-12</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711017v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Development of a genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for facilitating deorphanization of GPR52 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.11.711017v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
GPR52 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor implicated in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, but its endogenous ligand remains unidentified, limiting the exploration of its physiological functions and therapeutic potential. We pioneered a novel methodology for orphan GPCR ligand discovery utilizing the GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) strategy by developing GPR52-1.0, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor. GPR52-1.0 exhibits excellent membrane trafficking and high sensitivity in HEK293T cells, cultured neurons, and acute mouse brain slices. Notably, it detects neuronal activity-dependent endogenous ligand release in the striatum, with responses abolished by a specific antagonist. This sensor provides a powerful tool for identifying GPR52s endogenous ligand(s) and enables real-time monitoring of its activation. Our work lays the foundation for uncovering GPR52s physiological roles and supports future efforts to develop GPR52-targeted therapeutics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Lan, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ursu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bornemann, K. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hengerer, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-13</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.11.711017</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Development of a genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for facilitating deorphanization of GPR52]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-13</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.710177v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Cis-regulatory evolution shapes dehydration response in a desert-adapted house mouse 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.710177v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Deserts are among the most extreme environments on Earth. High temperatures and a lack of water impose powerful selective pressures on desert species, offering an opportunity to investigate the genetic basis of local adaptation. Despite the unique challenges of desert living, house mice (Mus musculus domesticus), a species native to Western Europe, have recently colonized the Sonoran Desert in North America within the last 400-600 generations. House mice from the Sonoran Desert show phenotypic differences consistent with adaptation to water scarcity, including maintaining weight better under water stress than non-desert mice. To investigate the genetic basis of the physiological responses to water deprivation, we compared gene expression responses of desert house mice and an interfertile non-desert dwelling subspecies (M. m. musculus) and their F1 hybrids after 72 hours without water access. First, we show that desert and non-desert mice exhibit highly divergent transcriptional responses to water deprivation across three tissues (hypothalamus, liver, and kidney). Then, by surveying allele-specific expression in intersubspecific hybrids between desert and non-desert mice, we uncover cis-regulatory differences driving changes in the transcriptional response to dehydration (e.g., cis-by-environment interactions). These cis-regulatory changes were highly tissue-specific, consistent with modular regulatory changes shaping expression divergence. Intriguingly, we find that genes with cis-regulatory differences induced by water access were involved in the arachidonic acid pathway, a primary adaptation pathway across many desert species, and lipid metabolism. Finally, our results highlight several candidate genes of interest for understanding rapid adaptation to desert living. Together, our results identify context-dependent cis-regulatory evolution as a key contributor to variation in dehydration response and a potential mechanism facilitating rapid adaptation to extreme environments.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Whedbee, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mack, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-14</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.710177</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Cis-regulatory evolution shapes dehydration response in a desert-adapted house mouse]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-14</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711246v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Omics-analyses of Fermented Onion pickle in Shaping Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Women: A Community-Based Trial in Pakistan 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711246v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
A fermented-food intervention trial conducted in Pakistan suggested beneficial changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy women. Using a subset (n=17) of the same participants, this study further investigates the impact of fermented food (onion pickle) on gene expression levels using RNA transcriptomics, with a focus on host-microbiome interactions. After consuming pickles (50g/day) for eight weeks, blood and stool samples of participants were collected at baseline and post-intervention to assess inflammatory markers, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, clinical parameters, and RNA sequencing. Among inflammatory biomarkers, lipocalin (LCN-2) levels significantly decreased (pre=86.5{+/-}80.1ng/mL, post=61.0{+/-}59.0 ng/mL, p=0.04, paired T-test). Additionally, the intervention downregulated pathways (p<0.05) involved host responses to microbial stimuli, including response to bacterial origin, chemotaxis, and response to lipopolysaccharide. In gut microbiota, observed -diversity significantly increased post-intervention (p=0.02). Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed differential expressions (LDA [&ge;] 2.0) of Olsenella and Coriobacteriales at week-8, where Olsenella sp. showed a significant negative correlation with LCN-2 (R=-0.36, p<0.05, Spearmans correlation). These findings suggest that fermented onion pickle consumption for eight weeks modestly alters gut microbial diversity and composition and is associated with reduced inflammatory markers and altered host immune-related gene expression, potentially improving intestinal health.

Graphical abstract

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=81 SRC="FIGDIR/small/711246v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">
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]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hafeez, S. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Farooq, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ahmed, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Umrani, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jakhro, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qureshi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moore, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ali, S. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Iqbal, N. T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711246</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Omics-analyses of Fermented Onion pickle in Shaping Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Women: A Community-Based Trial in Pakistan]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711744v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
In vivo-compatible spatial multi-omics via hydrogen peroxide-independent APEX2 labeling 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711744v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Proximity labeling (PL) technologies like APEX2 have transformed spatial multi-omics in live cells, but their long-standing dependence on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) disrupts redox signaling and prevents use in live animals. Here we introduce H2O2-independent APEX2 (Hi-APEX), which uses a clickable tetrazine-phenol probe, requiring no enzyme engineering. We show that APEX2 directly catalyzes TP radical formation without H2O2 via a mechanism requiring the probes tetrazine group and a key histidine residue. We benchmarked Hi-APEX-based spatial multi-omics by mapping the mitochondrial matrix and dynamic secretomes. Hi-APEX significantly outperforms traditional APEX in capturing redox-sensitive processes such as stress response and ferroptosis, enabling discovering authentic stress granule components and protein interaction networks for mitochondria-localized GPx4. One mGPx4 interactor TRMT61B--known to regulate mitochondrial m{superscript 1}A modifications--promotes ferroptosis. Crucially, Hi-APEX achieves full in vivo compatibility, enabling direct PL in tumor xenografts and hippocampal neurons, thereby expanding PL-based spatial multi-omics from cellular systems to living organisms.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chen, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shangguan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qin, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-15</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711744</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[In vivo-compatible spatial multi-omics via hydrogen peroxide-independent APEX2 labeling]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-15</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711292v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative modeling of read depth and B-allele frequency improves single-cell copy number calling from targeted DNA sequencing panels 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.12.711292v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Copy number variations (CNVs) drive cancer initiation and progression, but resolving them at single-cell resolution from targeted DNA sequencing panels remains challenging. The Mission Bio Tapestri platform generates two complementary signals for CNV inference: sequencing depth and B-allele frequency (BAF) from heterozygous variants; however, existing methods such as karyotapR rely primarily on read depth, potentially missing allele-specific events invisible to depth-only approaches. Here we introduce scPloidyR, a hidden Markov model (HMM) that jointly models read depth and BAF at amplicon resolution for single-cell copy number calling from Tapestri data. scPloidyR fits independent per-chromosome Markov chains with copy number states as hidden variables, factorizes emission probabilities into depth and BAF likelihoods, and learns parameters via Baum-Welch expectation-maximization with Viterbi decoding. We compared scPloidyR with the established karyotapR Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) through two simulation studies that evaluates BAF noise, variant density, amplicon density, sample size, and heterozygosity rate, and through application to a public Tapestri five-cell-line mixture dataset. In simulations, scPloidyR substantially outperformed karyotapR on class-balanced metrics (macro-F1: 0.472 vs. 0.264; alteration F1: 0.902 vs. 0.383 in simulation study 1) when allelic information was available. Adding just one heterozygous variant per amplicon increased scPloidyR accuracy from 0.548 to 0.899 for copy number gains. However, when BAF information was absent, karyotapR outperformed scPloidyR, and high BAF noise substantially degraded joint-model performance. On real data, scPloidyR produced more spatially coherent and biologically plausible copy number profiles. These results establish that joint depth-BAF modeling provides a clear advantage for single-cell CNV calling when allelic information is available, while depth-only methods remain preferable when such information is absent.

Author SummaryCancer cells frequently gain or lose copies of DNA segments, and detecting these changes in individual cells is critical for understanding how tumors evolve and resist treatment. A technology called Tapestri sequences DNA from thousands of single cells and produces two types of signals: how much DNA is present (read depth) and which version of each gene a cell carries (allele information). Existing tools mainly use the first signal, potentially missing important changes that only the second signal can reveal. We developed scPloidyR, a statistical method that combines both signals to more accurately identify DNA copy number changes in single cells. Through simulations and analysis of real cancer cell data, we found that using both signals together substantially improves detection when allele information is available -- even a small amount of allele data makes a meaningful difference. However, when allele information is absent, the simpler depth-only approach performs better. Our work provides researchers with a new tool and practical guidance on when each approach is most effective for studying cancer at single-cell resolution.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Pei, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Griffard-Smith, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cano Urrego, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schueddig, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-16</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.12.711292</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative modeling of read depth and B-allele frequency improves single-cell copy number calling from targeted DNA sequencing panels]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-16</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711635v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A biosecurity baseline for transboundary management of marine biological invasions in the ROPME Sea Area 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711635v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Marine and brackish-water ecosystems are increasingly degraded by cumulative human pressures, with biological invasions representing a major driver of biodiversity loss, ecosystem disruption, and socio-economic impacts. Effective management requires regionally harmonized and scientifically robust baselines capable of supporting coordinated transboundary decision-making. Here we present the first consolidated marine biosecurity baseline for the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) Sea Area, a transboundary region characterized by extreme environmental conditions and increasing biosecurity pressure. A total of 192 species (123 extant and 69 horizon), including birds, fishes, tunicates, invertebrates, plants, and chromists, were systematically reviewed, taxonomically validated, and cross-checked against major databases and Member State inputs. Re-evaluation of a previous regional screening revealed substantial inconsistencies, with 24 species ({approx}18%) requiring status correction or exclusion. The resulting consolidated inventory comprised 130 validated retained species supplemented by 62 additional taxa. Extant species were classified according to biogeographic origin and impact status, whereas horizon species were evaluated based on introduction pathways, environmental suitability, and projected climate trends. Risk screening under current and projected climate conditions identified 39 extant species as very high risk, providing an operational basis for progression to full risk assessment and coordinated regional biosecurity management.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Vilizzi, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abbas, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mubarak, M. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alavi, M. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shojaei, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Moghaddas, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rahmani, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Albu Salih, A. A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Khayyat, M. F. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Faisal, A. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Marhoun, A. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Abdulhussain, A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Alkhamees, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Karam, Q. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Behbehani, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Rezaiqi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Tarshi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Salman, S. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Jamaei, A. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>El Mahdi, M. E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mohamed, A. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sabbagh, E. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mehzoud, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al Shamsi, O. A. H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Al-Wazzan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711635</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A biosecurity baseline for transboundary management of marine biological invasions in the ROPME Sea Area]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
IgG Propels Atherosclerosis by Noncanonically Activating Macrophages 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Despite being a central component of adaptive immunity and a highly abundant serum protein, the contribution of IgG to the milieu of atherosclerosis remains unappreciated. Here, we identify a pro-atherogenic role for IgG as it activates an innate immune cascade, independent of its classical antigen-neutralizing function. Analyses of human coronary artery plaques reveal a positive correlation between IgG and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease severity. Integrated single-cell plaque analyses localize IgG, coinciding with its recycling receptor FcRn, to pro-inflammatory and foamy macrophages. Genetic ablation of FcRn in myeloid cells prevents IgG from accumulating in mouse atherosclerotic lesions, diminishing plaque size and inflammation. Mechanistically, IgG acts as an endogenous ligand for TLR4, triggering NF-{kappa}B-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling without requiring its antigen-binding domain. Additionally, IgG accelerates macrophage foam cell formation through upregulation of downstream effector LCN2. Our work uncovers a role for previously overlooked adaptive immune molecules in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through a noncanonical mechanism linked with innate immunity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zahr, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xue, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shadrina, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wan, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>You, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kontorovich, A. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reilly, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[IgG Propels Atherosclerosis by Noncanonically Activating Macrophages]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711751v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Deep-learning-assisted simulation of a cortical circuit: integrating anatomy, physiology and function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.13.711751v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Mechanistic understanding of the brain requires models constrained by anatomy, physiology, and functional activity. We present a differentiable simulator and a [~]67,000-neuron model of mouse primary visual cortex that integrates multimodal data, including electron-microscopy connectomics, multipatch synaptic physiology, cell-type-resolved electrophysiology, and large-scale Neuropixels recordings across diverse cell types. End-to-end training completes on a single GPU in [~]10 hours while preserving biological constraints. Networks trained only on brief drifting-grating responses reproduce cell-type-specific benchmarks and generalize to new contrasts and natural scenes. We uncover heterogeneous cell-type- and tuning-dependent synaptic organization and show that training preferentially sculpts inhibitory connectivity into distinct cohorts with strong causal influence on network activity. Targeted ablations show that removing biological priors on synaptic weight distributions can preserve functional activity yet disrupts emergent wiring rules. Our freely shared models and code facilitate differentiable simulations as a computationally practical framework for studying brain circuit function and mechanisms under biological constraints.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ito, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Haufler, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fraile, J. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirasso, C. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Maass, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Arkhipov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.13.711751</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Deep-learning-assisted simulation of a cortical circuit: integrating anatomy, physiology and function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711758v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Exploration of Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Sublingual Vaccination against Mucosal Bacterial Infection 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.14.711758v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Oral mucosal bacterial infections impose a substantial global disease burden, yet current clinical management typically reduces microbial load only transiently and rarely establishes durable protection at the oral surface. Analysis of 200 patients with periodontitis revealed that elevated levels of pathogen-specific salivary secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were strongly associated with reduced bacterial burden and improved clinical periodontal outcomes, identifying sIgA as a key determinant of effective oral protection. Guided by this observation, we developed a sublingual, orally disintegrating tablet vaccine (Capot) that incorporates bacterial extracellular vesicles providing a comprehensive repertoire of native antigens and multiple pathogen-associated molecular patterns, encapsulated within a calcium phosphate nanoshell to enable safe transmucosal delivery to submandibular lymph nodes. The rapidly disintegrating tablet format minimizes inadvertent swallowing and enhances local mucosal bioavailability. In mice and non-human primates, Capot induced robust and long-lasting salivary sIgA responses without overt oral mucosal or gastrointestinal inflammation and conferred strong protection against primary, recurrent, and antibiotic-resistant periodontitis. Together, these findings establish sublingual tablet vaccination as a practical strategy for selectively engaging oral mucosal immunity and preventing chronic bacterial diseases at oral mucosal surfaces.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cai, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zheng, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pan, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Du, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.14.711758</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Exploration of Orally Disintegrating Tablet for Sublingual Vaccination against Mucosal Bacterial Infection]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712198v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Multicomplex Integrative Structural Modeling of a Human Histone Deacetylase Interactome 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.712198v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 are key enzymatic components in multiple large chromatin remodeling complexes including NuRD, SIN3, and CoREST. In addition, both HDAC 1 and 2 contain a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) within their C-terminal domain (CTD). How HDAC1/2 assemble into these complexes and the structure of the CTD IDR remains poorly understood. Here, we used HDAC1/2 to isolate their protein interaction networks from cells and used crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) coupled with the Integrative Modeling Platform to build structural models of the NuRD, SIN3A, and CoREST complexes. Next, we implemented an AlphaFold-enabled XL-MS constrained modeling approach to investigate how HDAC1 could assemble into these complexes. We show that the CTD IDR of HDAC1 folds into alpha helices in these complexes. Finally, we built a complete integrative structural model of a NuRD subcomplex including the abundant HDAC1:MBD3:MTA1:GATAD2B:RBBP4 subunits, which included 6 IDRs. The approaches used herein are broadly applicable for the study of protein complexes and protein interaction networks that can provide important insights into IDRs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nde, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majila, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zimmermann, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kempf, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cesare, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thornton, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Workman, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Florens, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Viswanath, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Washburn, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-17</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.712198</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Multicomplex Integrative Structural Modeling of a Human Histone Deacetylase Interactome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-17</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711258v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
De Novo Regeneration of Rete Ridges during Cetacean skin wound healing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.16.711258v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Humans are tight-skinned mammals who typically fail to regenerate large full-thickness skin wounds, instead healing with substantial scarring and concomitant loss of function. Mechanical context is a major determinant of this outcome: elevated tissue tension or stiffness promotes fibrotic repair associated with hypertrophic or keloid scarring. Accordingly, regenerative medicine research has relied on diverse animal models to understand scar development and skin regeneration. Loose-skinned mammals exhibit greater regeneration ability. Furthermore, spiny mouse skin is significantly less stiff and associated with enhanced regenerative ability. Interestingly, this skin wound stiffness can be modulated to shift healing toward more regenerative or more fibrotic trajectories. Despite of this progress, the restoration of normal skin architecture after large-full thickness injury has not been elucidated in tight-skinned mammals. Can large full-thickness wounds regenerate with minimal scarring in tight-skinned mammals? Here we show the tight-skinned mammal Frasers Dolphin regenerates de novo a complex rete ridge architecture with associated vasculature and minimal scar following large full-thickness wound healing. Counterintuitively, this skin regeneration occurs in an aqueous, high-shear stress and high-tension environment. Complete rete ridge regeneration in tight-skinned mammals has not been documented and not observed in humans except in utero. This unique ability to rebuild elaborate rete ridges under tension is an opportunity to uncover molecular, cellular, and tissue-level mechanisms that enable regenerative wound healing in a mechanical regime typically associated with fibrosis.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Liu, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.-V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, W.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, C.-C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, C.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, Y.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chiou, T.-H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shieh, S.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, M.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chuong, C. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hughes, M. W.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.16.711258</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[De Novo Regeneration of Rete Ridges during Cetacean skin wound healing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712115v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
evedesign: accessible biosequence design with a unified framework 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.17.712115v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Machine learning methods for protein engineering are rarely interoperable, require bespoke workflows, and remain inaccessible to non-experts. Yet the design problems that matter most - conditional design subject to real-world constraints, multi-objective optimization, and iterative lab-in-the-loop workflows where experimental data continuously refines successive design rounds - demand exactly the kind of flexible, composable infrastructure that no single tool provides. We present evedesign, a unified open-source framework that formalizes conditional biosequence design in a method-agnostic way, enabling complex multiobjective workflows combining supervised and unsupervised models from standardized specifications, and built from the outset to support iterative experimental integration. An interactive web interface facilitates end-to-end design for a broad scientific audience at https://evedesign.bio. We demonstrate evedesigns utility in antibody engineering, enzyme design, and natural enzyme discovery, and invite open-source community contributions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Hopf, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gazizov, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Garcia Busto, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Eschbach, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirdita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Orenbuch, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Belahsen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ross, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sander, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinegger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>d'Oelsnitz, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Marks, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-19</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.17.712115</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[evedesign: accessible biosequence design with a unified framework]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-19</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712816v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Subdiffusive random growth of bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.19.712816v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
While the regulation of bacterial cell size is widely studied across generations, the stochastic nature of cell volume growth remains elusive within a cell cycle. Here, we investigate the fluctuations of cell volume growth and report a subdiffusive random growth. Specifically, the mean square displacement of the logarithmic volume scales as {Delta}t with an anomalous exponent  {approx} 0.27. This low exponent implies strong negative temporal correlations in growth rate noise on timescales of minutes, which are significantly faster than those of gene expression dynamics. We attribute this phenomenon to the physical mechanics of the cell wall. By modeling the cell wall as a complex viscoelastic material with power-law-distributed relaxation times, we successfully recapitulate the observed subdiffusive behavior. Our results suggest that it is the heterogeneous cell-wall viscoelasticity, rather than biological regulatory programs, that governs the short-timescale fluctuations of bacterial growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wei, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-20</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.19.712816</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Subdiffusive random growth of bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-20</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713084v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Social Functioning in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713084v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Atypical social functioning is a core feature of autism, yet findings remain fragmented across components and development. We aimed to systematically integrate this literature and characterize the organization, development, and moderators of social functioning in autism. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral studies published between January 1990 and August 2025, identified through PubMed, Web of Science, and prior reviews, including studies with clinically diagnosed autistic individuals and neurotypical controls. A qualitative synthesis and two complementary quantitative meta-analyses were performed, with risk of bias evaluated through study-level characteristics. A total of 2,622 studies (94,114 autistic and 172,847 neurotypical individuals across 32 countries) were included, covering 22 social components that clustered into five domains. Overall group differences were substantial (Hedges g = -0.744, 95% CI [-0.797, -0.690]). Differences emerged earliest in motivation-based processes ([~]6 months), followed by motor, emotion, and inference domains, and showed age-related divergence alongside improvement in some skills. Cross-domain analyses revealed stronger interdependencies in autism and an organizational pattern most consistent with serial relationships among domains. These findings should be interpreted in light of methodological heterogeneity, underpowered samples, and uneven cultural representation. Together, the results provide an integrative framework for understanding the organization and development of social functioning in autism, with implications for precision subtyping, developmentally timed interventions, and neurodiversity-informed research and policy. This study was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42024566141).
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713084</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Social Functioning in Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713242v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Joubert syndrome protein CSPP1 is a conserved regulator of vertebrate multiciliogenesis and motile cilia function 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.20.713242v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Cilia are conserved microtubule-based organelles required for signaling and fluid transport, and their dysfunction causes ciliopathies. Clinical overlap between sensory and motile ciliopathies suggests that primary and motile ciliogenesis depend on shared regulatory modules. Here, we identify Centrosome and Spindle Pole-associated Protein 1 (CSPP1), a microtubule-associated protein mutated in the neurodevelopmental ciliopathy Joubert syndrome, as a conserved regulator of vertebrate multiciliogenesis. Using mouse tracheal epithelial cultures and Xenopus embryonic epidermis, we show that CSPP1 localizes to fibrous granules and deuterosomes during centriole amplification, and to basal bodies and ciliary axonemes in differentiated multiciliated cells. Loss of CSPP1 impairs centriole amplification, basal body apical migration, spacing, and rotational polarity, and is accompanied by disorganization of the apical microtubule network. CSPP1 depletion also disrupts axoneme assembly, resulting in fewer and shorter cilia with ultrastructural defects, reduced ciliary beating, and impaired cilia driven fluid flow in vivo. Together, our findings identify CSPP1 as a conserved regulator of multiciliogenesis and motile cilia function and establish a basis for future work on how shared cytoskeletal pathways may underlie overlapping features of sensory and motile ciliopathies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dilbaz-Gunden, I. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boitel, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Deretic, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Touret, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Aydin, M. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yigit, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kayalar, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bayram, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Thome, V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rosnet, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brouilly, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kodjabachian, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Boutin, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Firat-Karalar, E. N.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-23</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.20.713242</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Joubert syndrome protein CSPP1 is a conserved regulator of vertebrate multiciliogenesis and motile cilia function]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-23</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.713243v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Polycystin-1 C-Terminus Regulates Protein Synthesis-Related Pathways in Cardiomyocytes 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.21.713243v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Pathologic cardiac hypertrophy requires increased protein synthesis, but the mechanosensors that link membrane stretch to translational control remain poorly understood. Polycystin-1 (PC1), encoded by PKD1, has been proposed as a cardiac mechanosensor, with its C-terminal tail (PC1-CT) promoting hypertrophy in rodent cardiomyocytes. However, its subcellular localization and downstream signaling remain incompletely defined, especially in human cardiomyocytes.

Here, we examined endogenous PC1 C-terminus localization and the effects of adenoviral PC1-CT overexpression in human iPSC-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and adult mouse ventricular myocytes. Immunofluorescence revealed a striking striated pattern for both endogenous PC1 C-terminus (detected with a PC1-CT antibody) and the overexpressed PC1-CT fragment. In hiPSC-CMs, the PC1 C-terminus localized between the -actinin bands. In contrast, in adult cardiomyocytes, the overexpressed protein colocalized with -actinin and desmin, suggesting that PC1-CT sarcomeric distribution depends on cardiomyocyte maturation.

We performed RNA-seq to assess transcriptional responses downstream of PC1-CT overexpression in hiPSC-CMs relative to LacZ controls. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed enrichment of gene sets related to ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, and protein synthesis, while classical hypertrophic markers remained unchanged. Pathway analysis suggested increased PI3K activity. PC1-CT overexpression increased phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, S6K1, and ribosomal protein S6 without altering 4EBP1 phosphorylation, suggesting preferential activation of the mTOR-S6K1-S6 branch. Pharmacological studies showed that pan-PI3K inhibition abolished S6 phosphorylation, whereas MEK blockade did not affect it; pertussis toxin and PI3K{gamma}-selective inhibitors also did not affect S6, suggesting a Gi/o-independent PI3K/Akt signaling driving mTOR-S6K1-S6 activation.

Collectively, these data identify a sarcomere-associated pool of PC1-CT that engages PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K1-S6 signaling to enhance transcriptional programs related to ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis, without activating a canonical hypertrophic gene program. These findings reveal a mechanistic link between PC1-CT and cardiomyocyte growth.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Fiedler, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vasquez Limeta, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes-Sanchez, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reyes-Lozano, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Perez, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carter, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ward, C. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Altamirano, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.21.713243</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Polycystin-1 C-Terminus Regulates Protein Synthesis-Related Pathways in Cardiomyocytes]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713778v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
ZeaMiC: a Publicly Available Culture Collection of Maize Root-Associated Bacteria 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713778v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Plant-associated microbiota are composed of hundreds of microbial species. For many of them, little is known about their individual functions and even less is known about their emergent community-level traits. While culture-independent methods provide valuable insights into the composition, diversity, and functional potential of plant-associated microbiota, culture-dependent methods are essential for reductionist lines of inquiry into the roles of individual species and their interactions within a community. Here, we present ZeaMiC, a publicly available culture collection of root-associated bacteria from Zea mays (maize). This resource comprises 88 isolates obtained from diverse soils and several maize genotypes, with live cultures available through DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures) both as single stocks and as cost-effective bundles (https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/microorganisms/microbiota/zeamic). To maximize relevance, isolates were selected to be representative of maize root-associated microbiomes in the Corn Belt of the United States, based on abundance-occupancy patterns from previously published root microbiome data, phylogenetic diversity, and literature-based evidence of functional importance. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation revealed genes associated with root colonization, plant growth promotion, and nutrient cycling, including functions such as chemotaxis, biofilm formation, secretion systems, hormone modulation, and phosphate solubilization. This collection serves as a community resource for future mechanistic studies of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, filling the gap in our understanding of the ecological interactions in plant microbiomes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Garrell, A.-K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ginnan, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Swift, J. F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pal, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zervas, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pestalozzi, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tso, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ford, N. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Niu, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Castrillo, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schlaeppi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hahnke, R. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wagner, M. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiner, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-24</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713778</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[ZeaMiC: a Publicly Available Culture Collection of Maize Root-Associated Bacteria]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-24</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713595v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
WTR: A Toolkit for Functional Anterograde Transsynaptic Circuit Mapping 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.23.713595v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The brain coordinates animal physiology and behavior via neuronal circuits. To understand and simulate brain functions, it is essential to delineate the synaptic connectivity between neurons. Transsynaptic tracers serve as powerful tools for such purposes. In response to the demand for anterograde tracers for circuit mapping and functional interrogation, we developed WTR, a fusion protein of mammalian codon-optimized WGA, TEV-protease cleavage sequence, and Recombinase. WTR expressed via AAV vectors in cell-type-specific starter neurons reaches their postsynaptic neurons and releases Cre/Flpo upon exposure to TEV-protease expressed in downstream neurons. Accompanied by Cre/Flpo-dependent expression of EGFP, GCaMP7s, or ChR2, the toolkit enables labeling, recording, or manipulation of downstream neurons. We utilized WTR to characterize downstream neurons of either glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of anterior hypothalamus for their differential actions in thermoregulation or stress responses, respectively. These results establish WTR as a versatile platform for functional anterograde circuit mapping.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, T. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yi-Luo, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chang, S.-y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cui, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, C.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Duan, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jan, L. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-25</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.23.713595</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[WTR: A Toolkit for Functional Anterograde Transsynaptic Circuit Mapping]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-25</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714355v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structure-guided discovery and engineering of miniature CRISPR-Cas12m for epigenome editing 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714355v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
CRISPR-based epigenome editing represents a programmable strategy to precisely modulate gene expression, holding immense promise for therapeutic applications. However, the large size of the dCas proteins substantially impedes the delivery via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Here, through iterative bioinformatics analysis, structure-guided predictions, and functional assays, we identified and characterized PmCas12m, a novel miniature subtype V-M CRISPR-Cas12m. PmCas12m exhibited flexible 5-YTN-3 PAM-dependent recognition and robust double-stranded DNA binding properties, while lacking DNA cleavage activity, thus positioning it as an ideal tool for epigenome editing. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of PmCas12m unveiled its unique molecular mechanism of DNA binding facilitating interference. Guided by these structural insights, we employed deep mutational scanning (DMS) and protein engineering to develop xCas12m, a hypercompact variant with highly potent and specific epigenome editing capabilities in human cells. We further constructed the xCas12m-CRISPRoff platform in a single AAV vector, which achieved durable epigenetic silencing and effective inhibition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a mouse model. Collectively, these findings establish xCas12m as a versatile epigenome editing platform with transformative potential for treating diseases, paving the way for clinical translation of epigenetic therapies.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Yu, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ji, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mao, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiang, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714355</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structure-guided discovery and engineering of miniature CRISPR-Cas12m for epigenome editing]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715000v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (TvPPi-PFK) 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.28.715000v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in humans. T. vaginalis pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (TvPPi-PFK) is a putative target for rational, structure-based drug discovery, given its absence in mammals and its importance for parasite survival. TvPPi-PFK is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate using pyrophosphate (PPi) as the phosphoryl donor. This reversible reaction, catalyzed by TvPPi-PFK, is the first committed step in glycolysis. Its reverse reaction is vital for gluconeogenesis in T. vaginalis. The purification, crystallization, structure determination, and preliminary structure-functional analyses of three crystal structures of TvPPi-PFK are presented. All three structures organize as tetramers with the conserved motifs essential for pyrophosphate binding and PPi-PFK catalytic activity. Comparative analysis with structural neighbors from other organisms demonstrated that despite sharing <29% sequence identity, TvPPi-PFKs protomer shares overall topology with both PPi- and ATP-dependent PFKs. Mass photometry confirmed that TvPPi-PFK formed tetramers under near-physiological conditions. Unexpectedly, TvPPi-PFK crystals dephosphorylate ATP to AMP during soaking. In all three structures, either ATP or AMP is bound at the enzymes dimer interface, typical of ATP-PFKs, but a novel finding for PPi-PFKs. Furthermore, a sugar phosphate binding site was observed in proximity to the ATP-binding site. Thus, the three reported TvPPi-PFK structures validate its established PPi-dependent activity while revealing previously unreported ATP and sugar phosphate binding. This study also lays a foundation for future research into putative ATP-dependent activity of TvPPi-PFK and for evaluating known phosphofructokinase inhibitors as potential therapeutics for trichomoniasis. These findings expand our understanding of PFK superfamily diversity and support the continued exploration of TvPPi-PFK as a drug target for trichomoniasis.

SynopsisThe production, crystallization, and three crystal structures of a pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from Trichomonas vaginalis (TvPPi-PFK) reveal ATP binding and structural similarity to both ATP-dependent and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases. TvPPi-PFK dephosphorylates ATP and has a novel ATP-PFK-like ATP-binding cavity.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Chiu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Seibold, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Battaile, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Craig, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harmon, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Subramanian, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakafana, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Early, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cron, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Staker, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Myler, P. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lovell, S. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Van Voorhis, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Asojo, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-28</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.28.715000</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural analyses of Trichomonas vaginalis pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (TvPPi-PFK)]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-28</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714458v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
AlphaFold Database expands to proteome-scale quaternary structures 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714458v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Protein function is governed by molecular interactions, yet structural coverage of these interactions remains sparse. The AlphaFold Protein Structure Database (AFDB) transformed access to accurate monomeric protein structures at scale. Here, we expand AFDB with 1.8M high-confidence protein complexes by conducting a large-scale study of over 31M predicted homo- and heteromeric protein complexes compiled from 4,777 proteomes, including model- and global health organisms, and using STRING physical-interaction annotations. We calibrate confidence metrics to assess the quality of complex predictions, and propose confidence cutoffs. These enabled the discovery of emergent structure and topologies in complex structure prediction that is not present with monomeric predictions. Clustering of high-confidence complexes showed that the largest 1% of non-singleton representatives account for [~]25% of all complexes, and that [~]9% of clusters are conserved across superkingdoms. In summary, large-scale structural predictions of the interactome serve as a foundational resource to facilitate functional and mechanistic discovery across biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tsenkov, M. I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Venanzi, N. A. E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bertoni, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cha, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chacon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dietrich, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fomitchev, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Goldtzvik, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hsu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Austin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ellaway, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Didi, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kovalevskiy, O.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lasecki, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Laydon, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Livne, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Magana, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Majewski, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nair, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Paramval, U.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Patel, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Pidruchna, I.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Santini Lopez, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sohani, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tanweer, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tran, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tretina, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vollmar, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vu, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zidek, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Velankar, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Steinegger, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fleming, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mirdita, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dallago, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-29</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714458</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[AlphaFold Database expands to proteome-scale quaternary structures]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-29</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714294v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Apelin inhibits cyst growth and improves kidney function in mice with polycystic kidney disease 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714294v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common inherited disorder marked by numerous renal cysts that impair kidney function, with about half of affected individuals progressing to kidney failure by midlife. Patients exhibit reduced circulating apelin, a ligand of the apelin receptor, known to regulate cardiovascular function including hypertension. We tested whether diminished apelin signaling contributes to cystogenesis and if exogenous apelin receptor activation can improve disease outcomes.

MethodsPlasma samples from age- and sex-matched healthy controls and ADPKD participants were analyzed for circulating apelin peptides. To assess direct cystic effects, primary ADPKD renal epithelial cells were grown as 3D collagen-embedded cysts and treated with apelin agonists. Male and female Pkd1RC/RC; Pkd2+/- (PKD) mice were treated for 27 days with apelin agonists, vehicle, or the standard of care drug, Mozavaptan. Kidney and heart weight ratios, BUN, renal cAMP, and kidney transcriptional profiles were evaluated.

ResultsCirculating apelin peptides were significantly reduced in ADPKD patients despite normal kidney function (eGFR, BUN, and creatinine). In vitro, both apelin and the small molecule apelin receptor agonist Azelaprag inhibited cyst growth. Apelin and Mozavaptan reduced kidney weight, cystic index, blood urea nitrogen and renal cAMP in PKD mice, whereas Azelaprag did not. Apelin downregulated expression of genes associated with cyst progression, including Lcn2 (Ngal), Postn, and Havcr1 (Kim-1). Mozavaptan, but not apelin, induced diuresis and reduced urinary concentration.

ConclusionApelin receptor activation by exogenous apelin inhibited cAMP synthesis and cyst growth and improved kidney function in an orthologous mouse model of ADPKD. We propose that the apelin receptor may be a potential therapeutic target in ADPKD.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Nyimanu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chakraborty, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Parnell, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wallace, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714294</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Apelin inhibits cyst growth and improves kidney function in mice with polycystic kidney disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714557v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Comparative single-cell atlases reveal injury-driven tubal epithelial regeneration as a window for ovarian carcinoma initiation 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.26.714557v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most lethal form of ovarian cancer, preferentially originates in the tubal epithelium (TE) of the distal uterine tube (also known as Fallopian tube or oviduct). Mouse models are widely used to study how HGSC initiates in humans; however, the extent to which mouse and human uterine tubes are comparable remains unclear. Here, we conduct cross-species single-cell transcriptomic comparative analyses and organoid assay validations to reveal conserved differentiation trajectories from bipotent progenitors to secretory or ciliated cell fates. Regional analyses of both datasets reveal enriched injury repair features in the distal human TE, where mice lack such a trend. Experimentally inducing mechanical injury to the mouse TE yields significant expansion of pre-ciliated cells compared to uninjured counterparts. Furthermore, inactivation of Trp53 and Rb1, whose pathways are commonly altered in HGSC, in regenerating pre-ciliated cells leads to rapid neoplastic transformation, implicating post-traumatic repair as a permissive window for malignant transformation. Together, our findings establish a comparative atlas of cell states between mice and humans, show that injury-associated regeneration may contribute to the known vulnerability of the fimbrial region, and raise potential concerns regarding procedures or conditions that mechanically perturb the tubal epithelium.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Ralston, C. Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Flesken-Nikitin, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fu, D.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ashe, C. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Harlan, B. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hossain, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, D. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yemelyanova, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schmoeckel, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Godwin, A. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mayr, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cosgrove, B. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Nikitin, A. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-30</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.26.714557</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Comparative single-cell atlases reveal injury-driven tubal epithelial regeneration as a window for ovarian carcinoma initiation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-30</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714887v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
EFN-4/Ephrin converges with SAX-3/Robo, UNC-6/Netrin, and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan signaling to control MAB-5/Hox-dependent posterior Q neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.27.714887v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hox genes have been broadly implicated in nervous system development, but the molecular and genetic mechanisms that act downstream of Hox factors remain to be identified. The MAB-5 antennapedia-like Hox transcription factor is both necessary and sufficient to cause posterior migration of the Q neuroblast descendants in Caenorhabditis elegans. In response to MAB-5, the left-side QL descendants QL.a and QL.ap undergo a three-stage migration process, with each stage characterized by a posterior lamellipodial protrusion followed by cell body migration. The QL.ap cell differentiates into the PQR neuron posterior to the anus. Previous studies showed that the MAB-5-regulated gene efn-4/Ephrin was required for the third and final stage of QL.ap migration, with efn-4 mutation resulting in placement of PQR immediately anterior to the anus. This subtle and previously-undescribed phenotype opens the possibility that other known neuronal development genes could be involved. In this work, we screened known signaling mutants for third-stage PQR migration defects. We found that mutations in SAX-3/Robo signaling, UNC-6/Netrin signaling, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) all displayed third-stage PQR migration defects. The effects in single mutants were weak compared to efn-4, and double mutant analysis revealed lack of genetic synergy, consistent with all of these molecules converging on a common pathway. This genetic analysis is consistent with physical interaction studies in vitro from another group that suggest that these molecules form connected communities of interacting extracellular domains, raising the possibility that they are all components of a large extracellular signaling complex required for posterior QL.ap migration. In this model, we envision that MAB-5/Hox drives EFN-4/Ephrin expression in QL.ap, which then seeds the formation of an extracellular signaling complex containing SAX-3/Robo signaling, UNC-6/Netrin signaling, and HSPGs that drives posterior lamellipodial formation and posterior migration.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jain, V. D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Johannesen, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Teixeira, F. L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lundquist, E. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.27.714887</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[EFN-4/Ephrin converges with SAX-3/Robo, UNC-6/Netrin, and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan signaling to control MAB-5/Hox-dependent posterior Q neuroblast migration in Caenorhabditis elegans]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.714676v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
eBiota: Designing microbial communities from large seed pools with desired function using rapid optimization and deep learning 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.714676v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Designing microbial communities to generate target products is crucial for biotechnology, agriculture, and disease treatment. However, rationally designing such communities from large seed pools has become a major challenge, as the rapidly expanding number of complete microbial genomes greatly expands the search space and sharply increases the required screening time and computational cost. Here, we introduce eBiota, a platform for ab initio design of microbial communities from a pool of 21,514 strains to generate target products. eBiota not only identifies optimal strain combinations but also simulates community behaviors, including microbial interactions and relative abundances. eBiota integrates three modules: CoreBFS, a graph-based search algorithm that rapidly screens for bacteria with complete metabolic pathways related to the target product; ProdFBA, an extended flux balance analysis that identifies microbial consortia with maximal production efficiency; and DeepCooc, a deep learning model trained on 23,323 microbiome samples across various environments to infer co-occurrence patterns. We validated eBiotas capabilities in microbial community design and production efficiency calculation using public microbiome datasets, ranging from single strains to six-member consortia. Further in vitro experiments involving 94 strains confirmed eBiotas ability to identify species that inhibit pathogen growth and to accurately model the relative abundances within complex microbial communities. As an initial digital twin, eBiota provides a powerful platform for the rational design of functional microbial communities, offering new opportunities for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Vandeputte, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, P. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jousset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shen, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.714676</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[eBiota: Designing microbial communities from large seed pools with desired function using rapid optimization and deep learning]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.714677v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
KuafuPrimer: Machine learning empowers the design of 16S amplicon sequencing primers toward minimal bias for bacterial communities 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.714677v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Amplicon sequencing protocol targeting the 16S rRNA gene is a widely used and cost-effective method for exploring bacterial communities. However, its performance is often limited by primer bias arising from the arbitrary use of universal primers across diverse microbial communities and habitats. We propose KuafuPrimer to design the optimal 16S rRNA gene primers toward minimal bias for targeted bacterial communities, using few-shot machine learning to guide the primer design procedure based on a small number of samples. Simulations on 809 samples across 26 representative environments and habitats showed that KuafuPrimer-designed primers outperformed the universal primers in taxonomic accuracy, achieving an averaged 16.31% relative reduction in primer bias, with reductions up to 46.08% in plant samples. Notably, KuafuPrimer detected 29 rare and key taxa undetectable by the universal primers. Validation with 317 longitudinal gut microbiota samples demonstrated that KuafuPrimer-designed primers consistently outperformed the universal primers across temporal, individual, and cohort levels, with relative bias reductions of 5.03%, 3.53%, and 3.10%, respectively. Finally, in real PCR experiments on human gut samples from Clostridioides difficile-infected and healthy groups showed that polymerase chain reaction products using KuafuPrimer-designed primers correlated better with metagenomic data compared to the universal primers. More importantly, KuafuPrimer successfully detected Clostridioides difficile, the key pathogen missed by the universal primers, highlighting its potential for improving clinical diagnostics. In summary, KuafuPrimer provides a machine learning-based primer design strategy for targeted bacterial communities, with demonstrated utility in large-scale microbiome initiatives, longitudinal surveys and clinical diagnostics.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yin, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Geng, P. X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jousset, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xiao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.714677</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[KuafuPrimer: Machine learning empowers the design of 16S amplicon sequencing primers toward minimal bias for bacterial communities]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715057v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A lateral linker histone binding mode scaffolds dinucleosome stacking in chromatin fibers 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715057v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Linker histones are essential for chromatin compaction, yet how they contribute to higher-order fiber assembly remains poorly understood. Here, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of Arabidopsis dodeca-nucleosome fibers containing distinct H2A/H3 variants and linker histone H1.3, revealing a noncanonical binding mode that a laterally positioned H1.3 connects the acidic patch of one nucleosome and the DNA of the neighboring nucleosome, thereby scaffolding dinucleosomes into two-start chromatin fibers. This noncanonical binding mode is structurally conserved when H1.3 is replaced by Gallus gallus H5. Furthermore, incorporation of H2A.W and H3.3 further induces back-to-back fiber dimerization. Cryo-electron tomography and in vivo cross-linking mass spectrometry analyses support the physiological relevance of H1 lateral engagement. Our findings establish that linker histones act as active architectural scaffolds in higher-order chromatin organization.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dong, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zha, R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lin, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gan, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.715057</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A lateral linker histone binding mode scaffolds dinucleosome stacking in chromatin fibers]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715097v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Inferring norepinephrine dynamics from partial observations reveals the temporal structure of elevations during arousal 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.29.715097v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Hemodynamic artifacts present a significant challenge for two-photon fluorescence imaging of genetically encoded reporters, particularly when the timescale of relevant measurements matches those of vascular dynamics. This is an acute challenge for sensors in which the hemodynamic artifact is of comparable magnitude to the biological signal of interest. However, standard correction methods, such as isobestic recording or repeated experiments, are often impractical. Here we introduce a tiered framework for inferring norepinephrine (NE) dynamics across varying levels of recording information. First, we verify that dual-channel recording using an inert fluorescent reporter alongside the neuromodulator indicator enables direct hemodynamic correction within the same recording session. For contexts in which a dedicated reference channel is unavailable, we trained an LSTM-based model that predicts and removes hemodynamic contributions post-hoc from the recorded NE signal and behavioral variables. Finally, we show that key features of NE dynamics can be recovered from behavioral variables alone, providing an estimate of neuromodulatory state even when fluorescence recordings are unavailable. These methods enabled simultaneous multi-spectral measurements of axonal activity and neuromodulator release via simultaneous two-photon imaging of LC noradrenergic axons and extracellular NE in the same field of view. Cortical NE signals are graded with respect to behavioral intensity, scaling with both locomotion duration and pupil dilation amplitude. As expected, axonal activity precedes increases in ambient NE levels, but NE peaks later within a run and remains elevated after axonal activity has subsided, suggesting that extracellular NE integrates LC output over time rather than tracking instantaneous LC firing. Together, these findings demonstrate that accurate hemodynamic correction is essential for interpreting NE dynamics, and reveal a clearer view of the temporal structure of cortical norepinephrine signaling.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Neyhart, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Munn, B. R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Feng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shine, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Reimer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-03-31</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.29.715097</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Inferring norepinephrine dynamics from partial observations reveals the temporal structure of elevations during arousal]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-03-31</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715455v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The Computational and Neural Basis of Zero-Shot Control in Dynamic Pursuit 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.30.715455v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Biological agents flexibly adapt their behavior to novel goals and environmental demands without additional training, yet the computational principles enabling such control remain unclear. Here, we propose that three cognitive constructs constitute minimal computational motifs for such flexible control: relational structure, spotlight attention, and affordance computation. We examine whether these constructs underpin flexible control in an embodied dynamic pursuit task that requires continuous integration of inter-entity relations, reward, and action feasibility, making it a suitable testbed for real-time control. By implementing these constructs within a multi-module graph convolutional network, we show that the model achieves zero-shot transfer across novel pursuit scenarios that vary in physics, target properties, and interaction policies such as fleeing or chasing, without additional training. Although not explicitly trained to do so, the model also exhibits change-of-mind (CoM) behavior, or mid-course target revision, a hallmark of flexible control exhibited by biological agents. Neural recordings from the primate dorsal anterior cingulate cortex revealed population-level signatures that link these constructs to neural dynamics, providing biological support for the proposed computational architecture.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Kim, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lee, J. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hayden, B. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yoo, S. B. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-01</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.30.715455</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The Computational and Neural Basis of Zero-Shot Control in Dynamic Pursuit]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-01</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.714484v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
The stress-induced transcription factor ATF4 has multiple conserved retrocopies that can alter gene expression 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.714484v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
The cell must defend against various stressors from internal and external sources that disrupt cell homeostasis. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a highly conserved pathway that helps restore this homeostasis through upregulating the transcription factor, ATF4. Despite its importance to cell health and human disease, ATF4 has several duplications in humans that have never been studied. Here, we characterize three retroduplications (retrocopies) of ATF4 in humans for the first time. Evolutionary analysis demonstrates that these retrocopies are present and intact in many primate species over the past 37 million years, including several independent copies. We also find evidence of positive selection among primates. Human ATF4 retrocopies show basal transcription in healthy, unstressed cells and can be upregulated by the ISR. When translated in human cells, ATF4 retrocopy proteins are regulated by the proteasome in the same way as the parent ATF4 protein. Remarkably, each retrocopy can also alter the expression of several canonical ATF4 target genes, demonstrating that they can impact ISR-ATF4 stress signaling. Overall, ATF4 retrocopies are conserved, biologically functional, and should be considered in future studies of the ISR and ATF4.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Dalton, H. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Brydon, E. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chan, T. S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Owings, K. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wild, M. M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Young, N. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chow, C. Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.714484</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[The stress-induced transcription factor ATF4 has multiple conserved retrocopies that can alter gene expression]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715151v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
CNS diseases cerebrospinal fluid single-cell atlas reveals immune characteristics of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715151v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a potentially severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet its pathogenesis remains largely elusive. By jointly probing the immune dynamics of subjects cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood, we showed that both innate and adaptive immune responses jointly contribute to the pathogenesis of NPSLE. In particular, we found the remarkable enrichment of BAM-CCL3, a subtype of border-associated macrophages with strong recruitment capacity, implicating its potential role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. We also observed pronounced activation of memory B cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells in NPSLE CSF, along with the preferential blood-to-CSF migration and subsequent within-CSF clonal expansion of CD8+ effector memory T cells in NPSLE patients, suggesting a persistent CNS-localized adaptive immune dysregulation. Finally, we developed the single-cell CNS disease CSF-Blood Atlas (scCDCB), a comprehensive collection for CSF and peripheral blood of multiple CNS diseases, which is publicly available at (https://sccdcb.gao-lab.org) to serve as a reference for future research on CNS diseases.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, S.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fan, S.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, W.-J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ma, T.-Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Fang, W.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liang, N.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, S.-Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, C.-R.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, Z.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, J.-L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, D.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zeng, X.-F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guan, H.-Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ding, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, M.-T.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715151</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[CNS diseases cerebrospinal fluid single-cell atlas reveals immune characteristics of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715478v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Generating and navigating single cell dynamics via a geodesic bridge between nonlinear transcriptional and linear latent manifolds 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715478v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Time-series single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) captures cellular processes as sparse and unpaired snapshots, limiting our ability not only to reconstruct continuous cell state transitions, but also to navigate between states in a controlled and interpretable manner. Here we present GeoBridge, a framework modeling cellular dynamics as geodesic trajectories on the transcriptional manifold based on isometric geodesic theory. By learning the geodesic bridge mapping, the method theoretically and computationally transforms time-varying nonlinear transcriptional geodesics (original nonlinear manifold) into constant-velocity straight-line geodesics (latent linear manifold). In the learned geodesic space, continuous interpolation becomes biologically meaningful, enabling reconstruction of unobserved intermediate states and efficient navigation between distinct cellular phenotypes at a single-cell resolution. By mapping interpolated trajectories back to the original gene expression space, GeoBridge recovers smooth transcriptional programs that are robust to noise and snapshot sparsity. Leveraging the derived geodesic potentials, GeoBridge further infers pseudo-temporal trajectories with superior fidelity compared to mainstream approaches from single-snapshot scRNA-seq data without temporal annotation, and directly identifies genes that drive progression along transition paths. We demonstrate the utility of GeoBridge across diverse systems, where GeoBridge resolves EMT-MET progression in cancer stem cells and identifies stage-specific modules as well as the branching cell-fate dynamics in human pluripotent stem cells with higher reconstruction accuracy than state-of-art methods. More importantly, GeoBridge supports single-cell fate navigation in multi-target hematopoietic lineages, allowing neutrophil-biased cells to be virtually guided toward mast-cell fates along biologically plausible paths. Together, GeoBridge establishes a principled method that transforms sparse single-cell measurements into a continuous, controllable landscape for the reconstruction, navigation and manipulation of cellular state transitions.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Dai, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wen, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715478</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Generating and navigating single cell dynamics via a geodesic bridge between nonlinear transcriptional and linear latent manifolds]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715548v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Integrative Identification and Characterization of PCOS-Associated lncRNAs From the Interface of Genetic Association, Transcriptomics, and Gene Structure Evolution 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.31.715548v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder and a leading cause of female infertility, with complex genetic, metabolic, and hormonal etiologies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of diverse biological processes, yet their roles in PCOS remain underexplored. Here, we identified and characterized PCOS differentially expressed gene-associated lncRNAs (PDEGAL) with an integrative approach combining expression data, genetic association, and evolutionary analysis.

MethodsThirty-three PCOS-associated protein-coding genes were obtained from our prior study, and all their nearby and overlapping lncRNAs were annotated. These candidates were analyzed using UCSC Genome Browser-mapped annotations and datasets, including NCBI RefSeq, GENCODE, GTEx, GWAS SNPs, and conservation, as well as the FANTOM5 cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) promoter data, to assess their expression, regulatory potential, genetic variant overlaps, and evolutionary conservation.

ResultsTwenty-three PDEGALs (18 antisense to, and 5 sharing bidirectional promoters with, known PCOS-associated protein-coding genes) were identified. 17 PDEGALs contained GWAS SNPs with statistically significant disease associations, 9 of which were associated with PCOS-related traits. 5 PDEGALs demonstrated expression in the KGN granulosa cell model of PCOS. Key gene structure element (KGSE) analysis revealed that most PDEGALs are primate-specific. Integrating four criteria--GTEx expression, GWAS SNPs, FANTOM promoterome, and KGSE conservation--highlighted HELLPAR as the only lncRNA fulfilling all four, while five others--PGR-AS1, MTOR-AS1, ENSG00000265179, ENSG00000256218, and LOC105377276--fulfilled three of the four criteria.

ConclusionsWe have systematically identified candidate PCOS regulatory lncRNAs with convergent genetic, expression, and evolutionary evidence. These results provide a framework for functional validation and highlight lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PCOS that function by regulating their nearby and overlapping protein-coding genes.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>He, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shkurat, T. P.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Butenko, E. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Derevyanchuk, E. G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lomteva, S. V.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lipovich, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-02</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.03.31.715548</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Integrative Identification and Characterization of PCOS-Associated lncRNAs From the Interface of Genetic Association, Transcriptomics, and Gene Structure Evolution]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-02</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715791v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
A confined gene drive for population modification in the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.715791v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Gene drives are genetic elements that bias their own inheritance to spread desired traits in target populations, enabling population modification or suppression. Although homing-based drives can propagate efficiently, their potential for uncontrolled spread may present a challenge for field deployment. Thus, confined drive systems are needed. Here, we developed a confined modification drive, called Toxin-Antidote Recessive Embryo (TARE) drive, in the globally important malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. This drive works by cleaving and disrupting wild-type alleles in the germline or early embryo from maternally deposited Cas9. Disrupted alleles are recessive lethal, thus increasing the drive in a frequency-dependent manner. Inheritance bias was moderate in crosses between drive heterozygote mosquitoes, possibly due to low gRNA activity and thus moderate germline cleavage rates. Single-release cage trials confirmed the TARE drives ability to spread, although the drive ultimately declined due to fitness costs and resistance alleles associated with repetitive elements. Nonetheless our modelling analysis indicate that this TARE system could achieve population spread if the resistance issue is addressed. These findings demonstrate a functional prototype TARE drive in Anopheles stephensi and highlight key parameters governing its performance. Minor design optimizations could substantially improve efficiency and integrity, enabling rapid but confined population modification.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xia, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Champer, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.715791</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[A confined gene drive for population modification in the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.715920v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Identification of Human Transferrin Receptor as an Entry Co-receptor for Parvovirus B19 Infection of Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells 
]]>
</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.02.715920v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Parvovirus B19 (B19V), a member of the genus Erythroparvovirus within the Parvoviridae family, infects human erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) of bone marrow and fetal liver, and causes various hematological disorders. The minor capsid protein VP1 of B19V contains a unique N-terminal region (VP1u) that facilitates virus binding and internalization into EPCs via its receptor-binding domain (RBD). We previously identified tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL) as a proteinaceous receptor for B19V infection of EPCs. In this study, we employed an ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX2)-based proximity labeling method to identify host proteins that are associated with B19V VP1u during entry. This analysis revealed human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR) as a key host protein associated with VP1u. hTfR knockdown in UT7/Epo-S1 cells, a B19V-permissive human megakaryoblastoid leukemia cell line, showed significantly reduced B19V internalization and replication. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assays confirmed a direct interaction between B19V VP1u and hTfR extracellular domain (ECD). Inhibition of VP1u interaction with hTfR ECD, either by a monoclonal antibody targeting the apical domain of the ECD or human ferritin, a natural ligand of hTfR that binds the apical domain, significantly reduced VP1u binding to hTfR, as well as B19V internalization and B19V replication in ex vivo-expanded EPCs. Furthermore, mutant RBD proteins that bear amino acid substitutions in the three helical domains nearly abolished RBD binding to hTfR and significantly reduced the ability to inhibit B19V infection of EPCs. Collectively, our findings establish hTfR as a B19V entry co-receptor that mediates B19V internalization into its natural host EPCs.

SignificanceB19V causes severe hematological disorders, including transient aplastic crisis, chronic pure red cell aplasia, and hydrops fetalis, by selectively infecting erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Despite its clinical impact, no approved antivirals or vaccines exist, largely due to limited understanding of viral entry mechanisms. A unique feature of B19V is the externalization of the VP1 unique region (VP1u) from the viral capsid, which mediates receptor engagement. Our prior studies identified AXL as an attachment receptor for B19V. Here, we identify that human transferrin receptor 1 (hTfR) acts as a critical co-receptor that directly binds VP1u and promotes viral internalization. Inhibition of the VP1u-hTfR interaction by competitive binding of hTfR with either an anti-hTfR monoclonal antibody or human ferritin significantly reduces B19V internalization and replication in ex vivo-expanded EPCs, highlighting a link between VP1u binding to the apical domain of hTfR and viral internalization. RBD mutants that disrupt its interaction with hTfR barely inhibited B19V infection in EPCs. These findings support a receptor-switch model in which AXL mediates attachment and hTfR drives internalization. Defining these mechanisms provides a foundation for developing antiviral strategies targeting B19V entry into EPCs.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>McFarlin, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Ning, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kuz, C. A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Cheng, F.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kleiboeker, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mietzsch, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qiu, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-03</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.02.715920</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Identification of Human Transferrin Receptor as an Entry Co-receptor for Parvovirus B19 Infection of Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-03</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.714364v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
OpenAc4C: A gateway to decode the landscape, regulation and pathogenesis of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) epitranscriptome 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.01.714364v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is an ancient and highly conserved chemical marker found in all domains of life. Recent advancements in sequencing techniques have enabled the functional analysis of ac4C occurrence by accurately capturing its locations and levels, shedding light on its significant regulatory potential and emerging role in diseases. The OpenAc4C, the first comprehensive knowledgebase exclusively designed for unraveling the ac4C epitranscriptome across diverse species, spanning vertebrates, mammals, insects, fungi, plants, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. By mining a large array of ac4C epitranscriptome datasets with deep learning-based pipelines, OpenAc4C features a collection of 536,745 ac4C sites identified from four distinct next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based techniques, alongside novel insights from Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (ONT)-based samples, encompassing a total of 33 species. Beyond the ac4C landscape, a total of 536,986 ac4C-affecting variants were identified in seven species. Among them, 4,766 pathogenic ac4C-SNPs may drive ac4C dysregulation with implications for disease pathogenesis. In addition, OpenAc4C offers a user-friendly graphical interface and a web-based analysis platform for comprehensive querying and interactive exploration of the database collections. Together, OpenAc4C will serve as a valuable integrated resource to facilitate studies of ac4C modification. It is freely accessible at: www.rnamd.org/ac4cportal.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Tu, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, A.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, K.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wei, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jia, G.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Meng, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Rigden, D. J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Song, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-05</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.01.714364</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[OpenAc4C: A gateway to decode the landscape, regulation and pathogenesis of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) epitranscriptome]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-05</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716262v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Structural Mechanism of TRPC3 Channel Activation by the Moonwalker Mutation 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716262v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
TRPC3 is a calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel that is activated by DAG. It is expressed in several tissues, especially in the cerebellum, and has been implicated in various human diseases. Despite recent progress in understanding the structural mechanism of TRPC3, how the channel opens remains elusive. Here, we present structures of hTRPC3 in an agonist-free resting state, determined using a DAG-binding site mutant. We also present the structure of hTRPC3 in a DAG-bound open state, determined using a constitutively active "moonwalker" (T561A) mutant. These structures, together with electrophysiological results, reveal that the T561A mutation activates hTRPC3 by disrupting a polar interaction with N652. A newly formed {pi}-bulge in S6 leads to rotation and outward tilting of the lower half of S6, resulting in dilation of the pore and thus channel opening. Agonist DAG stabilizes hTRPC3 in the open conformation. BTDM exerts its inhibitory effect by pushing S5 and S6 back to the center to close the pore, while preserving the {pi}-bulge. These results shed light on the opening mechanism of hTRPC3.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tan, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Guo, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhao, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Peng, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.03.716262</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Structural Mechanism of TRPC3 Channel Activation by the Moonwalker Mutation]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716272v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
MolClaw: An Autonomous Agent with Hierarchical Skills for Drug Molecule Evaluation, Screening, and Optimization 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716272v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Computational drug discovery, particularly the complex workflows of drug molecule screening and optimization, requires orchestrating dozens of specialized tools in multi-step workflows, yet current AI agents struggle to maintain robust performance and consistently underperform in these high-complexity scenarios. Here we present MolClaw, an autonomous agent that leads drug molecule evaluation, screening, and optimization. It unifies over 30 specialized domain resources through a three-tier hierarchical skill architecture (70 skills in total) that facilitates agent long-term interaction at runtime: tool-level skills standardize atomic operations, workflow-level skills compose them into validated pipelines with quality check and reflection, and a discipline-level skill supplies scientific principles governing planning and verification across all scenarios in the field. Additionally, we introduce MolBench, a benchmark comprising molecular screening, optimization, and end-to-end discovery challenges spanning 8 to 50+ sequential tool calls. MolClaw achieves state-of-the-art performance across all metrics, and ablation studies confirm that gains concentrate on tasks that demand structured workflows while vanishing on those solvable with ad hoc scripting, establishing workflow orchestration competence as the primary capability bottleneck for AI-driven drug discovery.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Zhang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Su, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Qian, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Sun, H.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Han, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Lou, W.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Bai, L.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xie, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-06</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.03.716272</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[MolClaw: An Autonomous Agent with Hierarchical Skills for Drug Molecule Evaluation, Screening, and Optimization]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-06</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716400v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Reciprocal-space mapping of diffuse scattering by serial femtosecond crystallography reveals analog-specific disorder in insulin analogs 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.03.716400v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Insulin detemir and insulin aspart are clinically complementary analogs engineered for distinct pharmacokinetic behavior, yet their comparative structural heterogeneity across temperature regimes remains insufficiently resolved. Here, we present a multi-scale crystallographic analysis integrating near-physiological serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with previously reported cryogenic and ambient multicrystal datasets for both analogs. Across conventional quality metrics, reciprocal-space intensity-field reconstructions, model-derived diffuse-scattering representations, Ramachandran stereochemical validation, solvent-accessibility coupling (SAArea-MSArea), and residue-level BDamage (a packing-normalized B-factor metric highlighting local mobility outliers) profiling, we identify a coherent ambient-versus-cryogenic contrast. Ambient datasets show broader reciprocal-space heterogeneity and more diffuse model-space distributions, consistent with increased conformational sampling outside cryogenic trapping. Despite this shared trend, disorder partitioning is analog-specific: detemir exhibits strong pseudo-translational signatures with moderate twinning, whereas aspart shows weak pseudo-translation but pronounced merohedral twinning approaching the theoretical twinned limit in ambient conditions. Importantly, backbone stereochemistry remains globally stable across all datasets, indicating that the observed differences reflect structured heterogeneity rather than model deterioration. Collectively, these findings support an ensemble-aware interpretation of insulin crystallography and provide transferable structural descriptors for analog comparison, stability assessment, and formulation-oriented design.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>AYAN, E.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kang, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tosha, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yabashi, M.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shankar, M. K.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-07</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.03.716400</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Reciprocal-space mapping of diffuse scattering by serial femtosecond crystallography reveals analog-specific disorder in insulin analogs]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-07</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716653v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhances Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage for Preventing Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716653v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) are vital for brain waste clearance, making them a promising therapeutic target. However, effective modulation strategies for mLVs with translational potential remain underdeveloped. Here, we develop a low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) strategy that precisely targets the vault cranial meninges to non-invasively facilitate mLVs drainage. Using models of Alzheimers disease (AD) and aging, we demonstrate that this approach promotes CSF drainage, prevents cognitive decline, and reduces pathological biomarkers. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing combined with calcium imaging in vitro reveals that LIFU activates the Piezo1 ion channel in lymphatic endothelial cells, whereas pharmacological inhibition of Piezo1 abolishes LIFUs therapeutic effects. Compliant with FDA safety guidelines, this LIFU protocol demonstrates strong clinical translatability. If its efficacy is clinically confirmed, LIFU offers a promising therapy for neurodegenerative diseases triggered by waste accumulation.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Feng, Z.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Hou, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Xu, X.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Jiang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhu, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Tang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Shu, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.716653</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Enhances Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage for Preventing Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
<item rdf:about="https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716718v1?rss=1">
<title>
<![CDATA[
PA-SfM: Tracker-free differentiable acoustic radiation for freehand 3D photoacoustic imaging 
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</title>
<link>https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.04.06.716718v1?rss=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[
Three-dimensional (3D) handheld photoacoustic tomography typically relies on bulky and expensive external positioning trackers to correct motion artifacts, which severely limits its clinical flexibility and accessibility. To address this challenge, we present PA-SfM, a tracker-free framework that leverages exclusively single-modality photoacoustic data for both sensor pose recovery and high-fidelity 3D reconstruction via differentiable acoustic radiation modeling. Unlike traditional Structure-from-Motion (SfM) methods that formulate pose estimation as a geometry-driven optimization over visual features, PA-SfM integrates the acoustic wave equation into a differentiable programming pipeline. By leveraging a high-performance, GPU-accelerated acoustic radiation kernel, the framework simultaneously optimizes the 3D photoacoustic source distribution and the sensor array pose via gradient descent. To ensure robust convergence in freehand scenarios, we introduce a coarse-to-fine optimization strategy that incorporates geometric consistency checks and rigid-body constraints to eliminate motion outliers. We validated the proposed method through both numerical simulations and in-vivo rat experiments. The results demonstrate that PA-SfM achieves sub-millimeter positioning accuracy and restores high-resolution 3D vascular structures comparable to ground-truth benchmarks, offering a low-cost, softwaredefined solution for clinical freehand photoacoustic imaging. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/JaegerCQ/PA-SfM.
]]></description>
<dc:creator>Li, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Gao, J.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Kim, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Choi, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Chen, Q.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Wu, S.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Huang, T.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zhou, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, B.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Yao, Y.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2026-04-08</dc:date>
<dc:identifier>doi:10.64898/2026.04.06.716718</dc:identifier>
<dc:title><![CDATA[PA-SfM: Tracker-free differentiable acoustic radiation for freehand 3D photoacoustic imaging]]></dc:title>
<dc:publisher>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</dc:publisher>
<prism:publicationDate>2026-04-08</prism:publicationDate>
<prism:section></prism:section>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>
